12 POINTS

New Zealand Herald, Volume 82, Issue 25345, 29 October 1945, Page 5

12 POINTS

SHAPE OF FUTURE CO-OPERATIVE AIMS FOSTERING DEMOCRACY TASK FOR AMERICANS (R«d. 6.30 p.m.) # WASHINGTON, Oct.' 27 Mr Truman in Jiis speech enumerated the following 12 points as the fundamentals of American foreign policy:— "(1) We seek no territorial expanlion or selfish advantage and have no plans for aggression against any State, large or small. We have no objective which need clash with the peaceful aims of any other nation. "(2) We believe in the eventual return of sovereign rights and self-gov-ernment to till peoples deprived of them fcv force. "(3) We shall approve of no territorial changes in any friendly part of tie world, unless they accord-with the freely-expressed wishes of ; the people concerned. "(4) All peoples prepared for selfgovernment should be permitted to choose n tsieir own form of government by freely-expressed choice, without interference from any foreign source. That is true in Europe, Asia and Africa, as well as the Western Hemisphere. Democracy for Defeated Enemies

"(5) By combined co-operative action with our war Allies we shall help the defeated enemy States to establish peaceful democratic Governments of their own free choice. We Shall try to attain a world in which Nazism, Fascism snd military aggression cannot exist. "(6) We shall refuse to recognise liny Government imposed upon any nation by the force of any foreign Power. In some cases it may be impossible to prevent forceful imposition of such a Government, but the United States will not recognise any such Government. "(7) All nations should have the freedom of the seas and equal rights to the navigation of boundary rivers and waterways, also rivers and waterways passing through more than one country. "(8) All .States accepted in the society of tr'ations should have equal access to world trade and raw materials. Hemisphere .Co-operation

"(9) The sovereign States of the Western Hemisphere, without interference from outside the hemisphere, must work together as good neighbours in solution of their common problems. "(10) Full economic collaboration between all nations, great and small._ is essential to the improvement of living conditions throughout the world and to the establishment of freedom from fear and from want. "(11) We shall continue to strive for inorp freedom of expression and of religion throughout the peace-lovmc areas of the world. "(12) We are convinced that the- preservation of peace requires a United Nations organisation composed of all peace-loving nations who are willing jointly to use force, if necessary to ensure peace. That is the foreign policy with which the - United States confidently faces the future.

Goal Worth Seeking "This may take a long time to achieve," Mr Truman said, "but it is worth striving to attain. The _ world cannot afford to bo let down in the united determination of the Allies to accomplish a lasting peace. It cannot afford to let the co-operative spirit disintegrate. People in the United States, Russia, Britain, France and China, in collaboration with all other peace-lov-ing peoples, must take the course of current history into their own hands and Mould it in a new direction of continued co-operation. Common danger united us before victory; let common hope continue to draw us together in years to come." Must Signal New Era Mr Truman said the atomic bombs that fell in Hiroshima and Nagasaki must be made the signal, not for the old process falling apart, but for_ a new era of ever-closet unity and friendship among paeceful nations. "The differences existing today between the nations that fought together so long and no valiantly for victory are not _ hopeless or irreconcilable," he continued. "However, the solution will require a combination of forbearance, firmness and willingness to find a common ground as to the methods of applying the high principles we have enunciated. "The atomic bomb does not alter the basic foreign policy of the United States, but it makes the development and application of our policy more urgent than we could have dreamed six months ago. ft means that we must be prepared to approach international problems'with greater speed, determination and ingenuity to meet this unprecedented situation. "In our possession of this weapon, m our possession or other new *eapons, there is no threat to any nation. We regard the possession of this new power of destruction as a sacred trust because of our love for feace. Thoughtful people of the world now that this trust will not he violated, but that it will be faithfully executed." ATOMIC RESEARCH Austrian woman's work 'ffiecd, 7.30 p.m.) STOCKHOLM. Oct. 28 ,Dr Lisa Meitner, Austrian refugee •dentist and one of the originators of ®tomic fission research, who escaped from Germanv, has commenced work ®Sain in the Nobel Institute, Sweden. has been elected a foreign member of. the Swedish Academy of Science, wing only the third woman to receive *hat honour in 200 yeara,,