ENGLISH EXTRACTS.

New Zealand Colonist and Port Nicholson Advertiser, Volume I, Issue 86, 26 May 1843, Page 3

ENGLISH EXTRACTS.

London is the largest and richest city in the world; occupies a surface of thirty-two square miles, thickly planted with hotises, mostly three, four, and five stories high. It consists of London city, Westminster city, Finsbury, Marylebone, Tower Hamlets, Southwark, and Lambeth districts. The two latter are on the south side of the Thames. It contains 300 churches and chapels of the establishment, 364 dissenters’ chapels, 22 foreign chapels, 250 public schools, 1,500 private schools, 150 hospitals, 156 almshouses, besides 205 other institutions, 550 public offices, 14 prisons, 22 theatres, 24 inarkets ; consumes annually 110,000 bullocks, 776,000 sheep, 250,000 lambs, 258,000 calves, and 270,000 pigs, 11,000 tons of butter, 13,000 tons cheese, 10 million gallons of milk, 1 million quarters of wheat, or 64 million of quartern loaves, 5,000 pipes of wine, 2 million gallons of spirits, and 2 million barrels of porter and ale; employs 16,502 shoemakers, 14,552 tailors, 2,391 blacksmiths, 2,213 whitesmiths, 5,032 house painters, 1,276 fish-dealers, 2,662 hatters and hosiers, 18,228 carpenters, 6,822 bricklayers, &c., 5,416 cabinet-makers, 1,225 wheel-wrights, 2,182 sawyers, 2,827 jewellers, 1,172 old clothesmen (chiefly Jews), 3,628 compositors, 700 pressmen, 1,393 stationers, 2,633 watch and clockmakers, 4,227 grocers, 1,243 milkmen, 5,655 bakers, 2,921 barbers, 1,241 brokers, 4,322 butchers, 1,586 cheesemongers, 1,252 chemists, 4,199 clothiers and linen-drapers, 2,167 coachmakers, 1,367 coal merchants, 2,133 coopers, 1,381 dyers, 2,319 plumbers, 927 pastry-cooks, 869 saddlers, 1,246 timen, 823 tobacconists, 1,427 turners, 556 undertakers. (The above are all males above twenty years of age.) Ten thousand private families of fashion, &c. ; about 77,220 establishments of trade and industry, 4,242 public houses, 243 hotels, 472 beer-shops, 926 spirit and wine shops; there are six bridges over the Thames, at London; the London docks cover 20 acres, 14 tobacco warehouses 14 acres, and the wine-cellars three acres, containing 22,000 pipes ; the two West India docks cover 51 acres ; St. Catherine’s docks cover 24 acres; The Surrey docks, on the opposite side, are also very large; there are generally about 5,000 vessels, and 3,290 boats on the river, employing 8,000 watermen and 4,000 laborers; London pays about one-third the window-duty in England; the number of houses assessed being about 120,000, rated at upwards of five millions sterling. The THftEE Sovereigns.—The following anecdote has often been told by the Emperor Alexander, and is amongst the traditions of the Russian Court:—ln 1814, during the period that the allies were masters of Paris, the Czar, who resided in the hotel of M.. de Talleyrand, was in the habit of taking a walk (in strict incognito) every morning in the gardens of the Tuileries, and thence to the Palais Royale. He one day met two other sovereigns, and the three were returning arm-in-arm to breakfast in the Rue St. Florentin, when, on their way thither, they encountered a provincial, evidently freshly imported to Paris, and who had lost his way. “ Gentlemen,” said he, “ can you tell me which is the Tuileries ?” " Yes,” replied Alexander, “ follow us, we are going that way, and will show you.” Thanks on the part of the countryman led them soon into conversation. A few minutes sufficed to arrive at the palace ; and as here their routes lay in opposite directions, they bade each other reciprocally adieu. “ Parbleu !” cried all at once the provincial, “ I should be glad to know the names of persons so amiable and complaisant as you are ?” “ My name,” said the first, '• oh, certainly; you have perhaps heard of me, I am the Emperor Alexander !” “A capital joke,” exclaimed the gascon, “ an emperor ! —and you,” addressing

the second individual, “ who may you be ?” “I ?” replied he, “ why probably I am not wholly unknown to you, at least by name—l am the King of Prussia!’* “Better and better,” said the man ; “ and you, what are you, then ?” looking - at the third person. “I am the Emperor of Austria !” “ Perfect, perfect!” exclaimed the provincial, laughing with all his might. “ But you, monsieur,” said the Emperor Alexander,- “ surely you vdll let us know' whom we have had the honour to speak to ?” “To be sure,” replied the [man,- quitting them with an important strut, ” I am the Great Mogul!”

The Roy Jones again. —The boy Jones, who on several occasions obtained such an extraordinary entrance into Buckingham-palace, has again made his appearance in London. It was stated some time since that this adventurous youth had been sent Out by the government with his own consent to South Australia; such, however, it now seems was not the fact. After his. last examination at the home-office the boy was sent to Portsmouth, where we understand he was apprenticed, or at all events he was sent on board the Warspite man-of-war, which ship carried out Lord Ashburton to the United States. Our hero was in the same vessel with his lordship when crossing the Atlantic, both going and returning, and behaved in the most exemplary manner —his conduct was orderly, regular, and good. _On the return of the Warspite to Portsmouth, about three weeks since, Jones, who then wore a sailor’s dress, was allowed occasionally to go on shore, and he punctually returned to the ship at the hour he had instructions so to do. He was mizen-topmast-man on board the Warspite, and, as before stated, performed his duties to the satisfaction of all; his wages were 19s. a month, but in what manner he disposed of them is not known, as when he left Portsmouth, he sold his sailor’s coat (as he says) for 45., and he walked to London without one. On being apprehended he had on an old black coat, very shabby. As the adventures of this youth created much public curiosity, we made inquiries into the circumstances which have again placed him in the hands of the police. It appears that information was sent to the stationhouse in Gardiner’s-lane, on Monday evening that the boy Jones was returned to London. This information was communicated to the proper authorities, and instructions were given to take him into custody, which instructions were promptly obeyed, and he was apprehended at his father’s house, Bell-yard, York-street, Westminster. Notice of the prisoner being in custody was sent to the public offices, and in the course of the afternoon a government order was received directing that the boy should be at once taken back to Portsmouth, as it was not considered necessary any inquiry should be instituted in town. Accordingly Jones was conveyed, in the custody of a police officer of the A division, by the South Western railroad to Portsmouth. Whilst at the station-house he appeared quite indifferent as to what course might be taken respecting him. Pie amused' himself with reading a newspaper, occasionally making a remark. He is much improved in personal appearance, is growing quite corpulent, and says that he has been treated very kindly on board the Warspite. On being asked if he disliked a seafaring life, he replied, “ No,” he had no objection to it. He was then asked what could induce him to leave the ship and walk te London; his reply was, that it had been ascertained by the seamen, that he was the “ Boy Jones” who had obtained an entrance on several occasions into Buckingham palace. He did not dislike the seafaring life, but he was quite indifferent what was done with him. He did not, however, expect that the police would have looked after him. Jones called on Mr.

James, landlord of the Bell, Bellyard, on Wednesday morning, before lie was apprehended, but it has not transpired whether he had any object in so doing. Mr. James, it will be recollected, is the gentleman who took the boy on board the steamer at Gravesend after he had made one of his extrabrdinary entrances into Buck-ingham-palace. The boy was arrested at his father’s, and brought to the station-house in a cab, where he remained until a government order was received for his removal to Portsmouth. On being told that he was to be sent bach to Portsmouth, he said he was quite willing. No inquiry into the circumstances of the boy’s return took place in town. Jones’s father called at the home-office during the day, and wished to know what it was intended to do with regard to his son ; he appeared much excited. There was no inquiry at the home-office, consequently no answer could be given. We have heard that the instructions to the policeofficer werbto take the boy back to Portsmouth, and leave it to the officers of the ship to take such steps as they might consider necessary under the circumstances.

A Man’s Head Bitten Off in his Hammock by a Tiger. —Among the local intelligence received from Cayenne, under the date of August 1, we find the following:—During the preceding week a mulatto, named Polo Vigne, and several other men employed on the estate of M. Vigne, at Macouria, near Cayenne, after their day’s work retired to their hammocks, which were slung, according to the custom in

that climate, between two trees in the open aiiV Some of the negroes were appointed to watch by turns; and keep fires blazing, to scare away wild beasts, with which the country abounds, but in the middle of the night the watchmen fell asleep and suffered the fires to go’ out.' Suddenly the whole party were roused by wild' howlings and other frightful noises, and looking out they descried in the gloom a tiger running away with something in his mouth, which it was impossible for them to distinguish. On mustering their numbers to ascertain whether any one was missing, Polo Yigne did not make his appearance. On resorting to the»poor fellow’s hammock, his body was found in it. but without his head, which had been torn off, and was, no doubt, the object discerned in the tiger’s mouth. For the last three years a little girl belonging to Cape Cod has suffered from what was supposed to be a polypus of the nose. All the while a portion of it has been in sight just within the margin of the left nasal cavity. A fetid, purulent discharge, offensive to sight as well as to smell, has all the while been kept up, besides a diffusive inflammation in the neighbourhood., Before submitting to surgical operation, it was' suggested that the child had better try the effects of powerful sternutation, which she did by snuffing up pulverised bayberry bark. She was thus made to sneeze several times a day vigorously, and in one of these regular trials fo r dislodging the polypus last week, a vest button was ejected. Thus, after a tediou B unnecessary period of suffering for three years the patient was relieved in the manner described and is now entirely well. She might, of course . have been relieved in ten seconds, with a pair of forceps, at any time. —Boston Medical and Surgical Journal.

A Sbntamentalist. —The plaintiff in this case, Mr. Henry Barton, a publican, whose purple countenance bore testimony to the potent nature of his liquors, summoned Mr. Henry Joshua Alton, a gentleman attired in a faded suit of black, which, like the individual whom it encased, had evidently seen better days " a long time ago!” for the sum of 1/. 6s. 6d., as per bill delivered. The account was composed of a long string of items, consisting of “ gin and water, half-and-half, cigars, mutton chops, Welsh rabbits,/’ and other delicacies of a like nature. —Commissioner (to defendant) : Do you admit this demand ? —Defendant (buttoning up his coat, and assuming an oratorical attitude) : No, sir ; the fact is, this is an unjust demand. I’ve been the making of the plaintiff’s house—written and sung comic songs for him against tee-totalism —drankhis liquors to prove my sincerity—taken the chair every night for weeks past at his free-and-easies, and kept the company alive with toasts and sentiments, so I think that what I eat and drink ought to go for nothing; as I used to say in the chair — “ May the warmth of friendship never ba chilled by ingratitude”—that’s my sentiment. —Commissioner: Were you professionally engaged to preside at the free-and-easies you speak of? —Defendant: No, sir, certainly not; I did it out of friendship, and because I am fond of good liquors and company —as I used to say in the chair, “ In our journey through life may we live on the road;” and another of my sentiments was, “ More friends and less need of themand I must beg leave to say that, as the plaintiff well knows, if it had not been for me, there would have beeu very great need of them. —Plaintiff: It’s no such thing, gentlemen; I could have done very well without the defendant.—Defendant: You think so. Well, “ May the difference of opinion never sever friendship;” that’s my sentiment. I’ll pay for the cigars, malt liquors, and spirits, if you’ll let me off for the chops and Welsh rabbits ; —now that’s fair; is it not ? —After some demur, the plaintiff agreed to this proposal, and the parties left the . court amicably together, the defendant exclaiming, as he turned suddenly round and bowed profoundly to the commisvsioners—“ As we meet upon a level, may we part upon the square ;” —that’s my sentiment, gentlemen.

We have heard it stated that the long established and wealthy firm of Baring, Brothers, and Co., have returned their profits to the income-tax commissioners, on the average of the last three years, at less than 150/., and that they have requested the proper authorities to send clerks to examine their books and ascer-* tain the correctness of the returns. This strange circumstance is attributed to their dealings with some of the repudiating states of America. It cannot, however, affect the stability of the house, for some of the are known to be the richest merchants in the world, but there are thousands of reputed : rich firms in this country which would riot afford to make such a return. — Globe. —(Fudge.) An Ancient Inn Sign. —An inn sign, 1,800 years old, has just been discovered in Pompeii, in the Via For tunas. It is a painting iri fresco, and represents Bacchus and Faunus pressing grapes brought to them by a young slave, while a boy is directing the flow of the juice into, an amphora imbedded in the ground. It is distinguished by the superior correctness of drawing, and beauty and freshness of colour. It is feet by 1^

■ Singular Act of Self-mutilation. A > most extraordinary and determined act was committed at the city gaol on Wednesday afternoon, by a man named James Fincher, who had been apprehended as a deserter, and lodged in the prisori to await the determination of his case. While so confined, he contrived to possess himself of a piece of iron hoop,

which he had notched so as to make it answer

roughly the purposes of a saw, and with this rude instrument he succeeded in sawing off the thumb of his right hand, between the nail and ' the first joint, the separation of skin, flesh, and bone, being effected in a most complete manner. His object is easily accounted for, viz., the disabling of himself for future service. Fincher ' deserted from the Grenadier Guards some 12 or 13 years since, arid was only apprehended, as we have been informed, a few days ago.

Melancholy Destitution. —The melan-

choly case of destitution recently brought before the public, in which the daughters of a field officer in the army were vainly attempting to keep soul and body together by taking shirts for outfitters at three halfpence a piece, appears to have opened the eyes of the public to the privations which the relatives of deceased officers of the united service are sometimes compelled to undergo; and the prompt and substantial sympathy with which that appeal has been met, proves that there is no dearth of charitable feeling in this country when circumstances occur to call it forth. It is, however, lamentable to reflect, that the orphans and widows of those men to whose gallantry and devotion so much of the national prosperity is due, should often be left with no other resource than casual charity. More than one attempt has been made to establish institutions for the provision of persons so circumstanced; but the supineness of the wealthier members of the two services, and want of means on the part of those whose families would be most likely to need the assistance they would afford, have hitherto presented insuperable obstacles to their success. The situation of the Misses Reynolds, grievous as it was, was however hardly more painful than those of many which have fallen under our observation than some, indeed, which are actually before us at the present moment. A. case has just come to our knowledge, which has perhaps greater claims on the sympathy of the public than any which has yet been brought under its notice. We are informed that, at this moment, the sister of the great and gallant Sir Sydney Smith, the hero whose memory the country is about to honor by a national monument, is suffering the greatest privations, and has been left, not only in indigence, but positively without the most ordinary means of subsistence. We are assured that

this lady, the beloved sister of one of the noblest

heroes to whom England has ever given birth, 1 is at this moment earning a miserable and precarious living by taking care of empty houses in the neighbourhood of Oxford-square for house-agents; and that her situation was discovered a few days ago, for the first time, by a lady of distinction, who happened to be looking for a house in that quarter. Since the death of Sir Sidney, and the transportation of the unfortunate Beaumont Smith, to whom she is also related, she has been left wholly without . resources; and has finally been compelled to adopt her present mode of obtaining shelter for her honored head, with the contingency of

being turned into the street whenever the house in which she is temporarily located may happen to let. Her situation has, we understand, already been mentioned to the Government, and we cannot doubt that some such pension will be granted to her as will enable her to withdraw from an occupation so degrading to the memory of her illustrious brother, and so inadequate to provide her with the necessaries which her age and feebleness of health require. We trust, therefore, we shall be enabled to announce, in our next Gazette, that England has been spared the discredit of seeing such a person provided for by an eleemosynary subscription, by such a pension from the public purse as -will secure, for the few remaining vears of her life, the necessaries and even com-

forts to which she is so incontestably entitled ; meanwhile we refrain from entering into further details of her case. Mr. Hume has often expatiated with great warmth on the “ dead weight” which the country is called upon to endure, in .the shape of pensions for its wounded soldiers and sailors, or their widows in time of peace.; but whilst there is a small pittance afforded to the widow of an officer of either service, in the event of his death, there is absolutely no settled pension, for other destitute relatives who may survive him. His children may, it is true, obtain a few pounds from the Compassionate Fund, but even this, insufficient as it is, is not to be accomplished without considerable interest, apd is wholly unattainable unless applied

for in fotynd pauperis. We have, it is true, one or two benevolent institutions whose professed object it is to deal with such applicants; but we ourselves remember an application to one of those associations in behalf of the three destitute daughters of a deceased admiral, who had contributed largely to its funds, and that the sum of 25/. was all it could afford, to divide between three young ladies who had been .accustomed, from their birth, to all the com-

forts, and many of the luxuries of life. —United Service Gazette. \

Troublesome Customer. —On Wednesday,! an old apple-woman, with her head muffled in a ragged cloak, afforded no bad representation, of one of Macbeth’s Witches , obtained a summons against a fellow-lodger, who had, as she asserted, “ kilt her with the scrubbing brish.” Both parties having made their appearance, they took their respective situations in court, as plaintiff and defendant. “ Och, plaze yer wertchip (said Mrs. Pottinger), this is the waa the row begun. I’m under the doctor’s hands, and won’t be well again all my life, and so Biddy Hurst clanes down the stairs in me place. Last Soterday, Mrs. Flynn’s boy was a swaping the dust over the clane stairs, when, says I, ' Is that the best manners yer mother larns you ?” ‘ Wliat’s that you say, you ould cat ?’ says Mrs. Flynn. * If I’m a nowld cat,’ says I, ‘ Mrs. Flynn, then there was a pair of us when you were born.” Mr. Hardwick: Let us know what she did to you. “Defendant rushed into my room and hot me over the eye wid a scrubbing brish,. as Biddy Hurst can testify.” Biddy Hurst could, however, only, testify as far as the abuse was concerned, at which she said “ It was hard to tell who was best.” Mr. Hardwick : Why did you strike the woman over the head? Defendant: She called me out'of ray name first. For all she’s so meek here, she’s a bigger bully and blaggard than meself. Mr. Hardwick : I fine you ss. and expenses. The Custom-House Frauds. —Monday, Oct. 17, an adjourned meeting of the Spitalfields weavers took place at the Duke of Glocester, Seabright-street, Bethnal Green-road, for the purpose of determining what course they should adopt in consequence of the discovery of the frauds which have been committed at the custom-house, on the importation of foreign silks and other goods. At the previous meeting it was agreed that a committee should be formed, in order, if necessary, to call a general meeting of the trade, and that a communication, by means of a deputation from the workmen, should wait on the master manufacturers to know what steps they would take for the protection of the trade. The committee having made their report, to the effect that some immediate plan should be adopted so as to prevent the smuggling of French and foreign silks through the custom-house, added, that as a notice had appeared in the public journals, which had the appearance of being official, intimating that it was the intention of the government to prosecute the inquiry into the fraudulent transactions at the custom-house, under the authority of a special commission, they for advice. A lengthened discussion ensued, in the course of which it was stated that very important information had been obtained of the practice of the custom-house, when it was resolved for the present not to call any meeting of the trade, and to wait to ascertain the result of any investigation instituted by the government. It was also resolved that the committee should continue to act, and, if ne- • cessary, call a meeting of the trade. They were also to make inquiries as to the extent of the frauds in the importation of French silks, andthe mode adopted by which foreign silk goods were brought into the home market. A Patriotic Suggestion. —A weekly Tory paper (the Spectator), in the course of some remarks on the Chinese war, throws out the following becoming suggestion : —“ If the-ani-mosity the French bear us is as great as some say, and the language of their journals would imply, here is an easy method of venting it. By encouraging volunteers to China, 1 the French government would at once help to prolong a struggle which must employ our armies at a distance and drain our treasury, and rid itself of some of its most troublesome subjects. If the Russian government wishes, to distract our attention, and render us powerless to prevent any acquisition of new territory it may contemplate in Asia, it has only to send the Emperor of China some good drills and a few artilleryofficers.” And if either of these governments should adopt this advice, and while pretending to be our allies engage in such mean, unprincipled hostility, let them by all means adopt our weekly contemporary as the appropriate organ for the defence of such tactics. Curious Scene in a Church. —On Tuesday evening, a meeting of the rate-payers was held in the vestry-room of St. Leonard’s Shoreditch, “ to make a rate for the maintenance, clothing, and lodging of the poor,” &c. The committee of the Parochial Reform Association having freely placarded the parish, a -large number of the parishioners attended, and manifested great interest in the proceedings. At six o’clock, churchwarden Cheesewright took the chair, upon which the meeting adjourned to the body of the church. Mr. Ware, vestry clerk, read notice calling the meeting, and submitted the state of the trustees’ accounts up to Michaelmas. He was about to state the balance, when Mr. Wix, the curate, wearing his gown, followed by Mr. Yarrow, the clerk, and two or three poor persons, advanced up the right aisle of the church. The curate and clerk took their stations in the reading desk, and on Mr. Wix’s attempting to proceed with the service, the chairman rose and said that, as the meeting was held to provide for the necessities

of the poor, and as they were legally justified in assembling in the church, he hoped that the rev. gentleman would' forego the performance: of divine service. The rev. gentleman did noti accede to this reasonable proposal, and on his j commencing the service, was assailed with hems,’ coughing, .and noises of walking about in pews. Amidst this uproar, the service was obstinately gone through. On his return, Mr. Price, after addressing the meeting, moved, “ That it is the opinion of the, meeting that the conduct of Mr. Wix this evening is highly censureable, likely to lead to great dissatisfaction on the part of the rafe-payers, and calculated to bring religion into contempt.” The motion was seconded by Mr.. Packen, and carried unanimously. Mr. Selfe then moved, “That the churchwardens be requested to discontinue the use of gas for the morning and evening week-day services of the church, if it appear they can legally do so. This also was carried, and also one that copies of the resolutions be forwarded to the vicar, and also to the bishop of the diocese. The meeting then broke up.

Paris Police. —A curious scene occurred before the, tribunal of Correctional Police on Saturday. A man, named Claude Giniez, 65 years of age, was charged with vagabondage. On being asked by the president whether he had no relations who would undertake to provide for him, and thus prevent his condemnation, he replied, “ Relations ! don’t talk to me of relations! I had, when young, a cousin, who was a cabinet-maker, and who, instead of teaching me his trade, taught me to drink. 1 had another cousin, who was a soldier, and who, soon after my marriage, ran away with my wife and all my savings.” The poor fellow was found guilty of the offence charged, and sentenced to twenty-four hours’ imprisonment, at the expiration of that time to be transferred so tjie Asylum for the destitute at Saint Denis. As he was leaving the bar, grateful for a sentence which provides him with food and shelter for the rest of his life, the name of Catherine Gaillard was called, and an old woman in rags was brought up on a similar charge. The eyes of Claude were instantly rivetted on her, whom he thus addressed : “ Faites excuse, madame, but are you the person called Catherine Gaillard ?” The woman having replied in the affirmative, Claude exclaimed, “It is my wife, who left me thirty-five years ago !” The following conversation then took place between the old couple What!” said the husband, “ can'it be you, once fresh as an apple, and with hair black as jet ?” “ And are you, old vagabond, my husband ?” “ Yes ; your husband, whom you left to my cousin.” “A heartless 'Wretch,” replied the wife, “who beat me dreadfully, and'robbed me of all I had.” “ And what became of the gredin ?” “He died on the field of honour.” “ After robbing me of mine.” The president of the tribunal here interrupted the colloquy, and passed the same sentence upon the wife as upon the husband, who will thus pass the remainder of their days under the same roof, and under the same circumstances, after a separation of thirty-five years. Picture-dealing at Rome. —The Rota for both civil and ecclesiastical affairs, has just pronounced a sentence by which it consecrates a strange.principle as to the selling of pictures. •It has caused a great sensation among the pic-ture-dealers of Rome. On the 15th November, 1836, Prince Simirium made a public sale of several pictures, then in the gallery of the Odescalchi palace. Among others, there was one of them in such a state of dilapidation that the subject could scarcely be distinguished. This picture was bought for fifteen Roman crowns by M. Vallatti, a picture-dealer, living at Rome. The same day he made known to the public that he had just acquired a picture, representing the Magdalen, by Correggio, which surpassed in beauty that of the pme master in the Dresden museum, and which was bought for the sum of 15,000 sequins. He stuck up bilis also announcing that this masterpiece might be seen the following day at his house, as lie was then occupied in cleaning and putting a new frame to it. On the 18th of November, just as M. Yallatti’s house was full of admirers, contemplating this picture, and which connoisseurs thought a real Correggio, two cursori (bailiffs) entered and seized the picture, at the request of Prince Simirium, alleging for motive that this picture had been bought at a vile price by M. Vallatti, although he knew it to be a Correggio of considerable value. The tribunal of Commerce, where this affair was judged, M. Vallatti being a merchant, declared the sale of the picture good, and condemned the prosecutor to pay all the expenses. This judgment was confirmed in the Court of Segratura, by appeal, with the exception of the payment of the expenses. Prince ‘ Simirium appealed against this decision to the Roman Rota, which has pronounced the following sentence :—“ If a precious painting is discovered underneath a painting, which covered the former so as to conceal it entirely, it is to remain the property of the purchaser, particularly if he has gone to the trouble to clean it. If, on the contrary; in spite of the bad state of a picture, it reveals its great value, it must remain the property of him who sold it. The letter is the present case,”