THE BILK INDUSTRY IN SYRIA.

Nelson Evening Mail, Volume XXIX, Issue 95, 24 April 1895, Page 4

THE BILK INDUSTRY IN SYRIA.

The production of silk in Syria has, says the Journal de la Chambre de Commerce de Constantinople, considerably increased of rocent year?, The towns and villages in which the greatest attention is devoted to the sariculturc are tho following : — Baalbek, f- erin, Has, Machgtmra, Sahbine, Ghtora, llasbya, n'iti-cl-Hraiche, AinAtii, Brit l.ahie, Nubeh, Malonia, Giroud, M.tiira, fsidnaja, Jteal-el-Ward, Don ma, Khyara, Chal'onnie, Jaramana, Ohab. A, Catana, El Uaine, and 'i'saxa. In ISU3 about i(00 pounds weight of silkworms' eggs were used in these towns and villages, 'i he eggs used in Hyria are of Corsican origin ; tho grt ater part come from Franco and a small quantity from Italy. As regards the Japanese varieties these have entiiely ceased to be imported. It is the merchants of Beyrout and (ho Lebanon who engage in the business of importing silkworms' eggs, and who sell them to.the Syrian breeders. These merchants exercise the greatest care in all their operations, and some even go ao far as to travel themselves to France to make their purchases. All the eggs imported are subjected to a rigorous examination, and in some instances they are examined by microscopical instruments. They arrive in boxes of about twenty-live grammes weight, and are sold at prices varying from three to six francs, according to quality and guarantee. The payl/ients are made at once, or at tho end of the harvest, ia kind — that is to say in cocoons. In tho latter case the amount due to the seller varies according to tho district. Fur example, at Rachaya, in the villages of Ouadi-el-Adj im and Douma, one-seventh of the silk harvest is given ; at Baalbek and Hasbaya a little more, and in the villages of Dekun. one-twol(tl). This difl'ereuco is accounted for by the I'act that tho yield of 0{?K8 is by i;o mcaue tho same in nil loculiiiiis in which tbo silk iudu-try is cngagoti in, on account of tho greater ov nnnllei' amount of cavo and attention be. stowed by the brcedoi'B. for the climate is favourable throughout tho country. Attempts havo frequently been made ut the production of nutivo eggs, but thoy havo invariably b' en unsuccessful. This is generally attributed to tbo following causes : — That the choice of Uio worms is made withe ut due euro and attention ; that the eggs no i.ot (Xiimimci microscopically*, the coluu 1 and <li notions o( the cocooi sore ni'xed, aid tin; crls aie not pivfcivid Ui.til UjO momei.t tf n- | nnbMiOM in f ivour.iijb p! .cj". In Syiia tho » cm ing ol'fiik ia *is old as the ciilsiviuioi. of tho r.iw material ittvlf. Tiiu biiiliniili period, however, wlii'.-J) this ii.dnstiy oi.co crjnyod iu Europe, A. 1 in, mid Africa bus li>i g gouo by, Tho eiiit wcnvois of tbo iri'f-eiit dny woik p iiiCi. pally for domestic rrcductio!-. 'Ihu li'iiivc mai.uficlureis havo bad much to contend with iVoin foreign conij ctiti'ui, which inml-j ltsdf severely felt, ami mill ki Is that were formerly controlled oy ■Byiiai.B aic now disputed by European, msi'.ufnclureiv, "ho. with their tkillcti urlietiLH nud with tho i<i.l (f impioved machinery, flud competition with iho older methods comparatively oa^y. '1 he greatest specialty iu the na'.ivo si k stuffs and iu which Syim undoubtedly excels, is that in which c'ottou forms tin wai'r, and in which t/hc greater or lesser quautity of silk in tbo weft dotermii.ce tho quality.- The principal silk mauufactur. ei'9 are tho kajjielis, or headdresses, Ahoyas, or Syrian clonks, shawls, tobacco pouohes,'Blippois, piilowcases, stuffs tor dress goods, and stuffs tor upholstoiy,

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