Behind the Headlines

Northern Advocate, 17 December 1938, Page 1 (Supplement)

Behind the Headlines

FREEDOM-SEEKERS OCCUPY WORLD CENTRE

CHURCH HEAD NOT IMMUNE Supreme power of control over doctrine and jurisdiction is vested in the Pope. As with other human beings, however, the ravages of physical illness have not left him scathless. Two essential prerogatives embrace the privilege of Popes: firstly, infallability in supreme pronouncements in matters of doctrine and, secondly immediate and sovereign jurisdiction over all pastors and adherents. This privilege

has been enjoyed by Popes for centuries. Almost any bishop could formerly call himself a Pope, but the fourth and fifth centuries saw a gradual reservation of the term to denote the bishop of Rome alone. In the East it became restricted to the patriarchs of Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem and Constantinople, but is still given popular usage to priests. The Pope is head of the Roman Catholic Church. * » M « CITY OF CHARM IN RUINS Barcelona, city of culture, wealth, beauty, a city witness of destructive strife during the last 100 years, still faces political and social upheaval. In its compounds now are several hundred Canadian volunteers unable to return to their native land. Founded in the days of the Roman world supremacy, the town was captured by the Franks in 801. Became supreme in its province towards 'the end of the century and great wealth soon saw the port rivalling Genoa and Venice as the chief Mediterranean ti'ading centre. Since 1815 the city has been the scene of much social, political and industrial strife. Many of its beautiful churches and other fine buildings have been destroyed through internal conflict.

SOVIET STATE FEATURES IN NEWS Socialist republic of European Russia, Ukraine has become the centre of the European holocaust. More than 20 per cent, of Russia’s total population is located in this densest of Soviet districts. Its 32,000,000 people are mainly descendant of Ruthenian immigrants who came there to be freed from the tyranny of Polish and Lithuanian princes and nobles. They formed free democratic communities and became known to history as Cossacks. Their freedoms has gone and they are once again caught between the blows of—not princes and nobles — but diplomatists and imperialists. Conquerors through the ages have stayed in the fertile land of the Cossacks and have brought to them a fine intermixture of culture. This is shown in the magnificent poetry and literature of the Ukrainians. Part of the PolishLithuanian empire, Ukraine was absorbed into Russia, one part in 1667 and the remainder in 1793. * ♦ * • * HULL DOES NOT BELIEVE IN ISOLATION Cordell Hull, peace-believer and isolation theory opponent, believes America can go the full distance in creating world peace. Secretary of State by President Roosevelt’s appointment, Hull has made no half-hearted attempts

to provd his contentions. He ranks with the world’s greatest modern diplomats. Born 1871 he was admitted to the bar in 1891, elected to the House of Reps., 1893, made a judge in 1903. Was in the Washington House of Reps., 1907-1921, and from 1923 to 1931. *9*9 CHURCHILL QUOTHS WISDOM Winston Churchill, in “Current History”: .. . the story of this year is

not ended at Czechoslovakia. It is not ended this month. The might behind the German dictator increases daily. His appetite may grow with eating. The forces of law and freedom have for a long time known nothing but rebuffs, failures and humiliations. Their influence would be immensely increased by any signs of concerted action and initiative and combination ~. we might have a group of powers, as it were mandatories of the League, who would be the guardians of civilisation, and once this was set up strong and real it would liberate us, at least over a long period from the torments of uncertainty and anxiety which we now have to endure. 9 % 9 9 RAW MATERIALS PROBLEM Mr Mhlcolm MacDonald said that there was practically no restriction, on access to raw materials in the British colonies, but the British Government was still ready to consider any projK)sals which might be brought forward for a more equitable distribution .of raw materials. On September 11; MSS, Sir Samuel Hoare, then Foreign Secretary, stated that the unequal distribution of raw materials, specially those of colonial origin, had introduced *an element of insecurity, but that -.tois Government regarded that problem as in the first instance as an economic—and not as a political one. The’.fear of monopolies, he added, was, the cause of the general unrest. 9 9 9 9 \ HISTORIC DOCKYARD ' The dockyard in Rosyth, which for 13 years has been on a care and maintenance basis, will, it is understood, be reopened at an early date. Rosyth, a British naval base on the Firth of Forth, was developed into a ranking with the older naval slTds, such as Portsmouth, Devonport, .aid Chatham. It was one of the principal bases and was very important a docking and repairing base of f the Grand Fleet during the Great War, and as the headquarters of the cruiser squadrons. ' * • • • VETERAN ANTI-DICTATOR Lord Samuel, speaking at Liverpool, declared that England was rather tired of dictators pushing her from pillar to post all over Europe. Lord Samuel, better known as Sir Herbert Samuel, is 68 years old. He was educated at Balliol College, Oxford, where he gained first-class honours. He entered upon his political career as a Liberal, being successful in a Yorkshire constituency in 19D2. He was a member of several Asquith Cabinets from 1909. From 192 Q to 1925 he was British High Commissioner in Palestine.