FARMING AND COMMERCIAL

Manawatu Standard, Volume L, Issue 283, 25 October 1930, Page 5

FARMING AND COMMERCIAL

STOCK DISEASE MENACE.' ■ CO^TKOLLiNOJNFLUENCES. - , v (By “Ploughshare.”) When consideration is given to the enormous loss which takes place annually through the effects of various diseases which occur in the animal and plant life it will be realised that in practically every department of his work the farmer is continually fighting unseen foes, by whose destructive agencies his business is made very uncertain unless he can keep the destroying elements under control to some extent. Every effort made by man to increase yields aind intensify production seems, to be met with new disease dangers, which resolve themselves into one continual fight . for supremacy. ■ In the domestic animal kinddom the concentration of large numbers of stock on small areas and the fact that breeding for yield has. in many instances practically altered many of the natural characteristics of the animals through placing them in a different environment* has doubtless been responsible for the encouragement of various ailments to which they are more readily susceptable now than formerly. In every country when stock is concentrated the troubles are just as acute as they are here, and every effort is, being made by scientific investigation to ascertain causes and apply remedies that .will >make it possible for more or less control to be exercised. . •

When it is realised that losses ranging from, ten to twenty per cent are sustained in dairy herds every year from deaths .and disorders of ' one land and another the economic significance of disease' in dairy cattle becomes apparent. So far no guaranteed effective remedy has been found for such destructive troubles as -contagious abortion, contagious mammitis and other elusive troubles, but it has been proved that by strict .attention to cleanlines in the sheds, and by the effective-destruction of discharges from. the affected animals the complaints can be-prevented from spread ing through the herd. Working towards the attainment of a common end, research] work is going on simultaneously iii .various parts of the world and any knowledge gained by any particular investigation is made known to others, so that by this means the knowledge gained becomes generally known to every worker. In this important work the Live Stock Division of-the New Zealand Department of Agriculture -is giving useful service in the laboratory and through its veterinary and Other outside field officers. Although adverse'criticism is often advanced because 'specific cures for every complaint are not immediately forthcoming, a little inquiry will reveal the fact that veterinary knowledge in New Zealand is as far advanced as and in some instances inore complete than elsewhere. On the ether hand it may be urged that stock owners do not always take full advantage of the service and knowledge that is at present available, and it is Very likely that contagious diseases are often permitted to become well established which might have been prevented had inquiries been made at the proper quarter when the trouble was first noticed. There are numbers of free leaflets available which deal exhaustively with the more common stock complaints, and if farmers generally would make acquainted, through the medium of those, leaflets, with the. nature of common complaints which are likely to affect their flocks and herds they would be able more readily to detect early symptoms and probably confine, the trouble to the first animal affected. The seriousness of disease is too great to be heglected and if everybody was fully alive to the.danger it is quite likely that the present losses could be..greatly reduced. An addicted animal, is not only a direct loss to the owner, but, is, a menace to all other animals in ite neighbourhood. It. is well known that eomo farms are kept almost entirely free fnom the worst forms of contagious disease through-the precautions that are taken to prevent -the -introduction of any stock bred outside, and by taking care to treat tho disease -when it first,, appears and to keep the affected animal, strictly isolated fnomother stock. is.

CONTAGIOUS ABORTION. In the course of a series of articles on “The Diseases of Dairy Cows” written by Mr J. Hill, Motion, M.R.C.V.S. assistant bacteriologist, Wallaceville Laboratory, and* published in the Journal of Agriculture, a full description is * given of many diseases. Each separate trouble is fully described in detail,. covering local and European investigations. Dealing with the spread of infection in abortion, Mr Motion remarks that:— .... . . 1 . . “Contagious abortion in _ a herd is insidious in its onset and slow in its progress. and infection may be. present in a stock *for many weeks or even months before any. actual cases, of abortion, occur. It has been recorded 'that the act of abortion may beaome manifest as early as thirty days after infection in the case of the pregnant bovine. The disease is generally introduced into the herd by the addition of an infected animal from another farm,, usually a pregnant cow, although a newlypurchased, bull may also carry the organism: localised in the genital tract. The temporary removal lot cows. for breeding or show, purposes is also a fertile source of spread ■ of the infection, and equally so the. admis-. siori to the farm of infected cows for service, when infection may. be loft with the herd, bull, or yaYds-and paddocks may be con-’ taminated with genital discharges.; The method of infection is by ingestion of] infective material,; either artificial feodmgstuffs, pasture, or drinking-water,; contamm-* ated with discharges from the aborting cow. Again, infection may result . from cows licking each other, and particularly so when cows are m oestrum, or-during normal involution after the act of abortion. Bulls may also become infected in this way. Cows artificially infected by feeding living cultures have given a positive blood-test as early as' three weeks. Infection may be carried in the milk of nonpregnant cows, and thus calves contract infection, which very soon . leaves the body by the digestive .tract, thus contaminating the pasture. Experimental methods have shown that the specific organism may be introduced into the animal-, body by all possible modes of entry, but,; in view of the contaminated nature ofthe* natural surroundings, the digestive tract would appear to- offer .the most reasonable' portal of entry. This is now generally accepted as the chief method of infection, thanks to the researches of Bang, McFadyean, and: Stockman.

-ISOLATION. “As soon as an animal shows signs of abortion she should be placed in a paddock reserved -fior--this -purpose, and . kept by .; herself. Such an animal should not be mated for - at least two. and a half to three months after.,tho. date of abortion.. All aborted cows in ;the herd should, be treated, similarly, , and the .paddocks .* should afterwards -be hard grazed vyith sheep or with dry oattle interided tor fattening. If these measures are strictly (observed., it will-go. * iddhi: way. toward preventing the spread ot ■ further- infection.” ; ' - ' v • STERILITY. In the first place-lit Should be noted says Mr Motion, “that sterility is to some extent aVimslbading term, since in the strict -sense 1 it- means 'inability to -, reproduce, and this occurs H irt ec relatively . small number of. -castes' only. The mofts 'correct designation* would therefore be ‘diminished'fertility of the female (at any rate at the moment of service) to become pregnant. , -.- V “As regards the more general causes of reduced(.-fertility,, Juring- recent years the view has bfeen* brought; into great prominence’ithat too -intense. production toas a depressing effect on'fertility.- ; It appears .very; obvious| that if cows aro. treated more as milking-machines thaii;Os( lrfmg organisms, and an Attempt -is made to. concehtrate&Jmtheir energies in the udder , and to extort •from- them the greatest- posible.- yield; jp: milkistimulating foods, the organism fas a whole will be .weakened, . and thus, also toe genital system. It is perhaps ,not' easy i, to prove this '<by -iffeans ,of- figures,* but ■ that: it. is'.a faetVis .a matter <>f. general and is 'now admitfed.jfcAgjpnf too intensely .producing herd) is jigenieMllx more susceptible to disease, .which) niight; an : indirect ./effect upon (fertility J PASTURE deficiencies. - “The effect of food is important in different A general insufficiency; am excess under certain circumstances* a want

of balance of the various constituents, an excess of one or a' deficiency of another may contribute considerably to this albimportant problem by upsetting the endocrine activities,. by lowering resistance to disease generally, and by favouring debilitating and depressing effects on the genital tract. A deficient supply of food, or, in other words, a starvation diet, has a marked effect, if prolonged, upon the sex organs, as was found in Germany and Sweden during the war. One,must realise that there may be deficiencies which, though -not so marked as to cause gross signs of ( malnutrition or disease, yet may limit the rate of growth, the productivity, or even tho fertility of the individual, in addition to increasing its susceptibility to disease. .Veterinarians have devoted themselves to the. study of the clinical manifestations of many deficiency diseases, agronomists have interested themselves in the wider general problems of pasture husbandry, and chemists, and bio-chem-ists have sought to find an explanation of such diseases by careful analyses of soils, pastures, foodstuffs and animal products. In this way a considerable amount of data is now available in many countries of the world which shows the importance of the study of nutrition in both health and disease. Tho composition of the pasture is. reflected in many ways by the productivity,. the fertility, and even visibility of the animals grazed thereon. .. The growth-rate of cattle .in the natural state is slow as compared with that of domesticated breeds, and the amount of milk produced is limited to that required by the calf. In the natural state, therefore, cows would produce from 200. to 300 gallons in a lactation period,, whereas in modern dairy breeds the yield is commonly 750 to 1000 gallons.” SYRINGES AND IRRITANTS. A prominent stud breeder who is also in a big way in dairying, expresses an. opinion with regard to dairy cattle disease (which is endorsed by many others) that tho indiscriminate use of severe irritants does a great deal of harm. He condemns the syringe with the hard composition nozzle as a barbarous implement which inflicts needless pain and considers that its use should be prohibited. When it is necessary to flush a cow a mild antiseptic of lysol or common salt administered through a funnel and a length of rubber hose will be found quite teffeetive and more humane. BLOATING.

Another trouble that has become very prevalent of late in dairy herds relates to tho increasing tendency of the cows to contract digestive disorders, which show themselves in the (form of bloat. Formerly this trouble was usually confined to a few cows when grazing on fresh lucerne or clover, but now it is not uncommon for the whole herd to be affected when grazing in ordinary pastures. . This is attributed to the vigorous spring growth encouraged by top-dressing, especially with fertilisers which encourage clovers. The complaint is fairly general at this time of the year when tho pastures are young and fresh. It is reported that in some individual herds as many as. ten or a dozen cows may show signs of being blown every day and constant watchfulness is needed to prevent them from going down. The tendency to bloating is more noticeable in heavy-yielding cows, no doubt because the high producing cow is a more generous feeder. The most effective means of giving relief is to have on hand a number of short round pieces of wood which are placed in the mouth of tho cow and attached to the horns by short length of rope. The gag causes the cow to work its jaws and stimulates the release of ■ gases from the stomach. By this simple means relief is given' in a few minutes. Salt and soda drenches have tho same effect, but there is always the possible danger that when administering the drench some of the liquid may go down tho wrong passage and get into the cows lungs. In cases of emergency placing a handful of earth in the cow’s mouth is effective. Others, annoint the animal’s tongue with a little tar, with beneficial results. It is said that if the cows are supplied with hay or chaff in the grazing paddock they will eat this food when they fool the symptoms of bloat coming on, but there' is it good deal of evidence to the contrary. "' . . , Another less common trouble is a form or paralysis somewhat similar tc* milk fever, which affects cows from six weeks to two months after calving. Unlike milk fever, this complaint .will not respond to inflation of the udder, but quick relief, can be secured by giving a drenoh containing threo teaspoonfuls of'formalin in a pint .of warm water. If a second dose is necessary it should not- be given until after _a lapse of two and a-half hours, when the formalin should be reduced by one-third.

LONDON SKIN SALjp. Dalgeiy- and Coy., Ltd,, have received the following cablegram from their London house dated October 23: —Good attendance; competition irregular and hesitating; withdrawals heavy,; Home trade buyers principal operators; demand fair for American and Continental, except France, which is not operating. As compared with closing rates of last series: Merino combing, 15 per cent, to 20 per cent, lower; Merino clothing, 20 per cent, to 25 per cent, lower; crossbred combing, 1 15 per cent to 20 per cent, lower; find crossbred clothing, 20 per cent, to 25 per oent. lower; medium and coarse crossbred clothing, 10 per cent to ,15' per .cent, lower)' . .> •“ .* FROZEN MEAT. Dalgety and Coy., Ltd., have received the following cablegram, regarding frozen; meat from:their Bondon(house dated Oeto her 23:—Market l 'Change; if 'any, -in' fav-' otir of buyers. - . ?.

GRAIN AND PRODUCE. \. CANTERBURY MARKETS; *; Per Press Association.) CHRISTCHURCH, Oct.-24. Tho potato market,'lias -suffered, a complete relapse. ..Quotations to-day are £1 los to £2 a ton ,on ( trucks'; This, is the lowest' level known for 6ome •years. The northern market, us far as volume of (business is is. practically (non-existent. 'There*' are 'still,a fair quantity of tubers offering. One of the principal features of tiie market is the disinclination of merchants to deal in forward business, little of which is passing. ■"**' 'There are no changes to report in any of the ( other sections of the market, which are quiet. '. ..’<■*•

WELLINGTON PRODUCE MARKET

(By Telegraph.—Special to Standard.) WELLINGTON, Odt. ,24.< ;*, On the Wellington produce-market business is being maintained at the normal point. Potatoes continue- to be *in over supply and some lines: are available at very cheqp rates. (Quotations, show a decline on the >' week.: Whites and Dakotas £4-15s pet ton, •Sutton’s £5 15s per ton. Wheat: 7s 4d to 7s 6d per bushel. ;'*( Onions, local, poor quality, 6s to 10s per bag; Californians landed this week are selling at 16s 6d to 17s per bag; Canadians, landing shortly, are quoted forward at 2ls per. bag, crates 245. Bran: £7 5s per ton; pollard £7 to £7 5s per ton. Maize: New Zealand 6s 6d to 6s 9d ; Javan (is 6d to 6s 9d;' South African, crushed, 5s 6d .to 5s per Chaff: Good bright oatslieaf £8 15s to £9 per tpn.' Oats: A. Gartons ;4s 2d; under-grade 4s; heavy seed 4s bd per bushel. ** ■•" : " * •; EGG MARKET IN LONDON. ;j( .J. /' ' ' ' LONDON, Oct.. 23. The egg ,market has hardened owing ;to smaller Continental 'supplies.' ,qiioted' .at; 14.3 6d to T6s .6d; ; per-'long 100. 'importers are dubious as to whether prices will be maintained, -as lirgjp quantities are due'jin;. November.t '. ~.. ' i At the Royal Show- At:: Hastings Mr. J: "Waller’s Frisco 'Jack" gained-'th'ird prize in the dhampion horse leaping match. The Royal champion hunter was Oswald Netson’s Blue Moon. - •'

WELLINGTON STOCK EXCHANGE. YESTERDAY’S BUSINESS AND , ' PRICES. Five sales of favoured shares were reported on the Wellington Stock Exchange yesterday and prices are'holding. The demand was slack there being fewer bids than on the previous day.. Government securities were slow, the only stock in domand being the 5£ per cent. (1933) for which £99 10s was bid. Palmerston North City 6 per cent. (1934) were on sale at £lOl 10s. The demand for bank shares was limited, but prices showed steadiness. Bank of Australasia at £ll 7s 6d were 2s 6d higher; Australian Bank of Commerce were wanted at 20s: Commercial Bank were 4d higher at 17s lid; Bank of New South Wales were 7s 6d higher at £33 ss; Bank of New Zealand were a shade better at 54s Id; and Union Bank were Is 6d higher at £9 19 s . Goldsbrough Mort and Coy., were 8d highor at 21s 7d; N.Z. Guarantee Corporation were unchanged at 7s 3d; Wellington Trust and Loan were 6d lower at £6 18s 6d, and New Zealand' Investment at 10s were steady. National'lnsurance were firm at a shade lower at £2 10s; Union Steam were 14s. N.Z. Refrigerating, 10s paid, were firm at 20s. Taupiri Coal, ordinary, were wanted at 245. . , New Zealand Breweries were up 3d at 455; Staples and Coy., were in demand at 383 9d; British Tobacco advanced 9d to 32s 6d. Colonial Sugar were firm at £3l 7s 6d; Electrolytic Zinc, preference, were unchanged at 18s 3d; Holden’s Motors dropped 9d to 8s; National Electric were steady at 8s 3d; N.Z. Farmers’ Fertiliser were down 3d at 15s 6d; Sharland and Coy. preference were wanted at 18s 5d and Taranaki Oil at 2s' 6d. There was a bid of 39s 8d for Wilson’s Cement, with a sale at 40s. Mount Lyell were a shade easier at 18s 9d. YESTERDAY’S QUOTATIONS. Buying and selling quotations at the final call yesterday on the Wellington Stock

YESTERDAY’S SALES. The following sales were recorded on the stock exchanges of the Dominion yesterday : Wellington.—Bank of New Zealand, £2 14s 3d; Union Bank, £10; Wellington Gas Co., £1 9s; Colonial Sugar, £3l 10s; Wilson's Cement', £2. Auckland.—Union Bank, £lO Is; South British Insurance (late sale Thursday), £2 15s; N.Z. Insurance, £2 Is 9d; Goldsbrough Mort, £1 Is 3d; Northern Steam, • 18s 7d, 18s 6Ad; War Bonds, 4i p.c.,: 1938 (2), £99 10s; Govt, bonds, 5i p.c., 1936, £99 7s 6d. ■Christchurch.——Com. Bank of. Aust. (7), 18s, .(2) 18s 2d; Bank of N.Z., cum. div., £2 14s; Union Bank of Aust.,* £10;. Goldsbrough Mort '. (2), £1 2s; New Zealand ■ Breweries, £2 5s 6d; v British Tobacco, £1 13s; Electrolytic Zinc, ord, 15s 6d; Mount Lyell, 19s Id, I9s 2d; Mahakipawa (2), Bjd; Winding Creek, 6d paid* 2d! Sales reported: Com. Bank of Aust., 18s lid; Bank of N.Z. cum. div., £2 14s 3d'; Union Bank Of Aust., £10;, N.Z. Insurance, £2 2s; United Building Society, 15s '3d; British Tobacco, £1 12s- 3d; Electrolytic ' Zinc, prof., 18s 6d; Mount Lyell, 18s lid, T9s'3d, 19s 4d; Bank of N.Z., cum. div.' £2 14s; Electrolytic Zinc, ord., 15e 9d. .(.jiunedin.—Kawarau (2), sd, (4),* 4d. , " s. . * 1 MARKET. 1 LONDON, Oct. 23. Bradford tops market to-day Merinos have a good tone, but crossbreds are weaker. . Fifties are 14d, other quotations unchanged. , ' „ To-'dajr’s, quotations compare as follow with those' previously cabled __ Oct. 2. Oct. 9. Oct. 16. Oct. 23.

' METALS MARKET. ~LONDON, Oct. 24. Metal Exchange quotations are as follow, those previously cabled being given for purposes of comparison : Oct. 20. Oct. 24. • a .-. . •*' , ■ ■ ’Per ton. Per'ton.,.

OVERSEAS -PRODUCE. LONDON, Oct! 23. Wheat.—Cargoes were steadier to-day in sympathy with the firmness in Chicago and Winnipeg- Sellers asked 6d per quarter' higher, but the, demand was subdued owing to favourable weather in* Canada, and heavy Prussian shipments. Parcels were in small request, the, chief interest; being in Australians. Parcels ex City of Dieppe sold at 29s per quarter io Liverpool, ex Ceramic at 29b 3d to 293 6d to Hull, and ex' Idomeneus at 28s 9d net. Futures : London, DecemberFpbruary, 26k Id per: quarter;. Liverpool, October; 5s ,9jd- pet cental;* December, 5s BJd; March, 6B=Md; May, 5s lOid.-The spot trade is slow Australian ex ship, 30s 6d. Flour is quietly ; steady; Australian ex store, 23s 6d to 245.' Oats are'slightly weaker. Peas and beans are slow and prices unchanged. /... .

FEILDING STOCK SALE. • » ='*;■• / MARKET QUIET. The ponning of sheep, both fat and 6toro, was considerably smaller at the Feilding sale yesterday than has~been the case at late sales, and the smaller supply had tho effect of increasing competition for tho fats. Shorn and woolly ewes sold fairly well and a few pens of hoggets on offer were soon snapped up at prices a little better than late quotations. The store yarding was principally young* sheep, and, with only a few buyers operating, the market was quiet, although most lines wore sold under tho hammer. Dairy stock was in short supply and, with only a small attendance present, interest in the sale was dull and operations were restricted. There were some chance yearling heifers in the store * cattle races which sold well and other lines also met with a fair demand. The fat stock yarded was not particularly well finished, only about two pens of cows being heavy weights and these made up to £lO. Detailed quotations are as under: —. Fat sheep.—Woolly hoggets, 16s lOd; shorn do., 15s 6d, 16s Id, 16s 3d, 16s 9d, 17s, 18s, 19s 9d to 22s 8d; shorn ewes, 14s sd, 15s 6d, 16s, 16s 3d, 17s; woolly do., 19s, 20s Bd, 21s 6d, 22s 6d; shorn wethers, 20s, 20s 6d, 23s 9d. Store sheep.—Ewes and lambs, 30s, ewe hoggets, 18s 3d, 19s 9d; wether hogget, shorn, 14s lOd, 15s; small woolly do. 12s 3d, 13s; better sorts, 17s 3d; empty ewes, 11s Id, 12s. Dairy stock.—Springing heifers, £4, £5 10s, £B, £9 17s 6d; heifers in milk, £5 15s, £6 2s 6d; cows in milk, £4 15s, £5 15s, £6 10s, £6 15s, £7 15s; springing cows, £lO, £lO 2s 6d, £ll 12s 6d. Store cattle. —Yearling Jersey heifers, small, £1 ss, £2, £2 2s; medium to good, £4, £4 6s, £4 17s 6d, £5 7s 6d; cows, £2 7s 6d, £2 12s 6d, £3 ss, £4 to £4 14s; 2-yr Hereford heifers, £6 8s 6d; heifers r.w.D., £5 15s, £6 2s 6d, £8 ss, £9, £9 17s 6d. Fat cattle. —Cows, light, £4 17s 6d, £5 ss, £5 17s 6d; medium, £6 15s to £7 15s; heavy, £10; heifers, heavy £lO. Bulls.—Yearling Jerseys, £3, £3 10s; 2-yr. pedigree Jersey, 13igns; 2-yr. grade Jersey, £6 ss. AUCTIONEERS’ REPORTS. Abraham and Williams, Ltd., report as under: A email entry of sheep and a moderdate entry of cattle came forward for the sale. There was a fair demand for. all classes of fat sheep and the prices realised were on a pjiir with late rates. A small entry of store sheep sold well. A fairly heavy yarding of fat cattle came forward. The inquiry was not keen with the exception of a few pens of prime cows and heifers which met with good competition. A medium yarding of dairy cows and heif-

era met an easing market with price* favouring purchasers. In the store section the beet inquiry was for yearling Jersey heifers, other classes not being sought after. We quote: Fat : woolly wethers, 22s 6d to 23s 9d; fat ewes, 14s sd, 155,. 20s 6d, 20s lOd to 21s 6d; fat hoggets, 15s 6d, 16s lOd, 18s, 19s 9d, 22s to 22s 6d; Bpring lambs, 245; 4 and 6-tooth ewes, lambs at foot, 30s; ewe hoggets, 19s 9d; m.s. hoggets, 12s 3d; fat and forward ewes, 12s; fat' cows, £4 17s 6d, £5 17s 6d, £6 15s, £7 15s to £10; fat heifers, £6 15s, £B, £9 10s .to £10; light fat bullocks; £lO 2s 6d; forward store cows, £4 to £4 14s; store cows, £2 5s to £2 7s 6d; yearling Jersey heifers, £4, £4 6s, £4 17s to £5 7s 6d; springing heifers, £B, £8 15s, £9 to. £9-10s; springing cows, £3, £5, £7 10s, £8 to £10; cows in milk, £5 15s, £6 10s, £6 15s to £7 10s; yearling Jersey bulls, £3, ss, £4 ss, £4 l(te, £5, £6 to £7 15s; 3-year Jersey bulls, £7 15s to £7 17s 6d. . Dalgety and Cioy., Ltd,, report having moderate yardings in all sections. There was very little variation in prices and the following are quotations: Light fat 2-ths, 15s 6d, 16s Id; fat shorn ewes, 15s 3d to 17s; wether hoggets, 13s to 17s 4d; 2-tooth wethers, 15s; 2-tooth b.f.’s, 14s 3d; springing -heifers, £8 ss, £9, £9 17s 6d; empty cows, £4 4s to £5; forward 3-year heifers, £6 8s 6d; cows in milk, £5 15s, £6 2s 6d, £7; yearling Jersey cross bulls, £3 10s, £5; 2-year Jersey cross bulls, £6, £6 ss, £7. FEILDING MART. Prices at the mart in Feilding yesterday were as under: Poultry.—Hens, 2s to 2s 6d; cockerels? 2s to 2s 6d; ducks, 2s 9d to 3s 4d; drakes, 2s 9d to 3s. ' Pigs.—Weaners, 17s 6d to £1 11s; slips, £1 4s to £1 15s; porkers, £1 19s to.£2 3s 6d; baconers, £2 9s 6d; stores, £1 9s 6d to £1 19s 6d; young sows, £2 6s 6d to £2 9s; calves, 8s to 11s 6d. • DAIRY PRODUCE. Dalgety and Coy., Ltd., have received the following cablegram from their London house dated October 23 :■ —Butter: Mar. ket quieter. Danish, 150 s .to 152 s (148 s to 150 s); New Zealand finest salted, 112 s to 116 s (112 sto 116 s); Australian finest unsalted, 128 s fio 130 s (128 s to 130 s); finest salted, 112 s to 114 s (112 s to 115 s); Australian g.a.q., 106 -to 110 s (108 s to 110 s). Cheese: Market quieter. Australian, white, 71s to 74s (not quoted); coloured, 70s to 72s (not quoted); New Zealand white, 74s to 76s (73s -do 765); coloured, 71s to 73s (70s to 735); spot price for Canadian white, 72s to 80s (746 to 78s); coloured, 72s to 78s (74s to 78s); c.i.f. price, for Canadian, 74s to 75s (74s to 755). Last week’s quotations are shown in parentheses.

Exchange were as follow:— Buyers. Sellers. N Z . GOVT. LOANS— £ s. d. £ s. d. 4A p.c. bonds, 1941 ... — 99 10 0 5 h P.c. bonds, 1953 ... 99 10 0 — DEBENTURES— Palmerston N. City, 101.'l0 6 p.c., 1944 — . 0 BANKS— Australasia H " ° — Aust. of Commerce ... 1 0 0 Commercial of Aust. (ord.) 0 17 11 — Commercial Banking Co. (Sydney) — 19 10 U National of Australasia (£5) — „ *6 10 0 New South Wales .... 33 5 0 35 0 0 New Zealand 2 14 1 2 14 6 Ditto, long term ...... — ■1 7 0 Union of Australia ... 9 19 0 10 2 0 FINANCIAL— 9 Goldobrough Mort .... 1 1 » 1 2 N.Z. Guarantee Corp., ord 1 0 7 3 0 7 7 Well. Invest., T & A. — 0 11 0 Well. Trust and JLoan 6 18 6 ' . GAS— ' < ' _ . Auckland (paid) — 1 5 b Ditto (contr.) — 0 17 6 Christchurch — 1 5 9 (ord.) ..... — 1 9 3 INSURANCE— National 0 14 0 +2 15 South British — b MEAT PRESERVING— Gear . — .. 1 16 3 N.Z./ Refrigerat. (10s) 0 2 10 0 3 1 TRANSPORT— Union Steam, (pref.) .10 0 — COAL— ■/ . . Taupiri (ord.) 1 4 0 — BREWERIES— New Zealand 2 5 0 — Staples and Co. 1 13 9 — MISCELLANEOUS— . . Burns, Philp and Co. — 1 11 b British Tobacco (ord.) 1 12 6 1 15 6 Colonial Sugar 31 7 6 — Electro. Zinc (prof.) . 0 18 3 — Holden’s Motor Bldrs. .0 8 0 ..— 0 National Electric 0 8 3 0 10 N.Z. Farmers’ Fertiliser 0 15 6 •—* Sharland and Co. (pref.) 0 18 5 Taranaki Oil i.0 2 6 — Wairarapa Farmers’ (pref.) — 0 14 U Wilson’s* Cement ...... 1 19 8 2 0 11 MINING— Mount Lyell 0 18 9 — *Cuin dividend. +Ex dividend.

Sixty-fours Sixties : .... Fifty-sixes Per lb d. ... 24 .... 22 ... 18. ....144’ Per lb ,d. 24 22 ■' 18 .144 Per lb Per lb d. d. . 24 24 22 22 174 174 141 14 Forty-sixes Forties .... ...'124 .... 12 : ■ 124 12 12 12 12 12 .

Copper—, /-i Z-. Standard; spot ... Standard, . .forward Electrolytic' - : ;‘V to Wire bars ■'[ Lead — £ s. d. 42 16'10i 42 16 10i 46.5 0 47 5 0 47 5 0 15 13 0 £ s. d. 41 16104 41 16 10£ 45 0v~0 49 0 0 47 .0 0 15 TO 0 15 17 6 15 -8 9 Spelter— > j. • •. > •: 15 0 0 14 2 6 15 10 0 114,12 6 14 10 0 Tin— ■. . 115'17 6 116' 3 9 117 7 6. Silver— Standard, per oz .. Fine; per oz 10 9-16d 17 7-8d 16 3-8d . 17T1-I6d