FARMING AND COMMERCIAL

Manawatu Standard, Volume L, Issue 106, 1 April 1930, Page 5

FARMING AND COMMERCIAL

NEW ZEALAND DAIRYING. LESSONS FOR AUSTRALIA. • Fully impressed with the resources ot New Zealand as a dairying country, Mr George S. Stcning, of the Producers’ Distributing Society, Limited, who was leader of the Australian dairying delegation which recently toured the Dominion, returned _ to Sydney recently. He speaks in glowing terms of the unbounded hospitality everywhere experienced, also of the general desire to assist the visitors with the fullest information (states a Sydney paper). Tho tour, he remarked, should have a great educational effect, especially on tho production side. In grassland management and rotational grazing tho Dominion had much to teach Australia. Grassland management aimed at increasing the acre production of the farms, and was so arranged that for at least nino months of tho year tho paddocks and tho cattle were on the highest point iof production. It also aimod at the more efficient use of chemical fertilisers, and obtaining the fullest advantage both as regards costs and results. Not a single poor beast was 6ecn during tho tour through almost every corner of tho North Island. While there were undoubtedly lessons to be learned from Now Zealand’s methods .of cheese manufacture, in regard to butter with the exception of moisture control, there was little to be learned from present methods. In fact, so far as New South Wales was concerned, the dairy branch of the Department of Agricultuno by its supervision and work did much more technically and practically in the factories than was done in Now Zealand. Buttermakers in the Dominion, Mr Stoning considered, had two big advantages over those in Australia. One of theeo was tho fact that cream was delivered daily to tho factories, and in almost sweet condition. The other was tho excellent water supply obtained from sub-artesian wells at very low temperatures. These could be stated as main factors in quality production. Outputs remained fairly constant for from eight to nine months of the year. This enabled the export market to bo more easily regulated, and thereby overcame the serious difficulty which Australia, with it 3 intermittent shipment, had of keeping an adequate supply of butter, on the London market. In tho grading of dairy produce, Mr Stening continued, the system in the Dominion, as far as could be seen, was almost perfect, and much more effective than _ in Australia. A standardising grader periodically visited the different grading stores in tho North and South Islands, and standardised the grading at the various ports. In this way the grading was remarkably uniform. in the performance of their work the graders took a sample of butter from every churn in the consignment submitted for export, and these were tested for moisture content. Thus it was very difficult for any butter to leave the Dominion with excess moisture. Mr Stening added that the party were much impressed with the use to which electricity was put on the New Zealand dairy farms. Power was sold to producers at a cheap rate, and its use was ajmost universal, being employed not only in the household, but also in all farm activities, including the driving of milking machines, which in the Dominion wore to be found on almost every farm. AGRICULTURE’S DECLINE. LESS HOLD ON BRITISH MARKETS. WHERE THE EMPIRE IS ADVANCING Tho contribution _ of agriculture to the total output of all industries in tho United Kingdom is now 10.7 per cent., as against 13.9 in 1907. This fact is brought out in a report issuod by tho Ministry of Agriculture elucidating the figures derived from an economic census of agriculture mado in 1924. Tho decline thus shown is further emphasised by tho reduction of tho numbers employed in farming. In 1908, agriculture's proportion to the total for the whole country was 17 2 per cent.; by 1925 this had dropped to 14i per cent. Yet (says an English papor) wo are told there has been little change in the volnmo of agricultural prodution in tho kingdom, though on tho other hand, owing to increased prices, the value of the total output has gono up by 78 per cent. At the samo timo, the total value of foodstuffs consumed in the country is shown to have increased by just over 100 per cent., and tho contribution of home agriculture to this total has fallen from 43.3 per cent, to 39.3 per cent. The difference is chiefly due to increased imports of food from Empire sources, which in the pre-war year (1907) was 17.7 per cent, of tho whole, as against 21.6 per cent, in 1924. If, however, account bo taken only of those foodstuffs normally producod in this country, tho decline in home production is only from 48.4 to 44.9 per cent. It is further pointed out that 71 per cent, of tho total agricultural output of the United Kingdom Is represented by live stock, including dairy and poultry products. Meat accounts for 38 per cent., and milk and dairy products—considered separately from live stock —24 per cent. England and Wales, it is said, contribute 78 per cent, of tho total agricultural output of the United Kingdom, Scotland 17 per cent., and Northern Ireland 4.2 per cent. SOUTH AFRICAN WOOL, COMPARISON WITH AUSTRALIA. Mr T. Rowley Smith, who returned to Sydney by the Ceramic this month, after two years investigating farm conditions in Rhodesia and the Union of South Africa, is a son of the late Mr Robert Kermode Smith, of Otago, New Zealand, who was a noted pastoralist and Merino stud breeder. Mr Smith said that in his opinion Australian eheep-breeders had done themselves great harm by allowing the best Merino sheep to leave tho country for South Africa. South Africa’s fine wool would in time become a very serious rival of that produced in Australia. Mr V. T. Jelliman, a sheep and wool expert,’ who had been employed by the South Africian Government as a lecturer in one of its colleges, also returned to Australia by the Ceramio after 12 months’ absence, expressed an entirely different! view. “I am convinced that South African wool is not up to the standard of Australia’s high-grade wool,” ho said. ‘‘The samo apples to sheep. In my opinion, South Africa will never have wool equal to that of Australia. The embargo placed by the Australian Government on the exportation of stud sheep to South Africa will be a great blow to the latter country.” LET THE PIGS BATH THEMSELVES. It is the pig’s nature to wallow and it may be taken for granted that sc sensible an animal knows what is good for it. In hot weather pigs will take any and every opportunity for having a mud bath, and they will wallow in any filth that they can find. One inay, therefore, juat as well make them happj and keeping them fairly respectable by providing a decent mud bath instead oi leaving them to find it for themselve! under unsuitable conditions. Just ordim ary mud does not make a pig a filthy and disgusting creature such as one is ashameo to present to any would-be admirer Mud pure and simple, will brush ofi when you want your pigs to look thou beet, and with very little trouble yon can make them presentable, but mud which contains manure and yard dram' age sticks like grease, and nothing short of thorough washing will get rid of it. Let your pigs, then, .have their mud bath under decent conditions, and they will 'be all the better for it. If the surroundings are reasonably clean you need do nothing more than provide a shallow cemented or day-lined basin failed W « 6 r s will see about the mud all right, for there will soon bo plenty of it around the pool.

Tho utilisation of a new design of breeding-cage by tho Cawthron Institute has proved more successful with apion ulicis and the indications now are that • the acclimatisation of this gorse parasite, which up to the present has proved very' baffling will be eventually achieved, states the latest issue of tho New Zealand Journal of

LONDON MARKETS. HIGH COMMISSIONER’S REPORT. The Department of Agriculture has reooived the following: cablegram, dated March 29, from tho High Commissioner for New Zealand, London:— TALLOW. No auction until next week. Business doing in spot fine mutton at 6d per cwt lower and gutty sorts afloat at 6d per cwt higher than last quotations. FRUIT. Markot well supplied with apples, and domand about normal. Of Tainui shipment Alfristons in best condition, others showing more or less waste. Pricos realised were Gravenstoin and Worcester Pearmain 10s to 143 per case, Alfristons 12s to 14s per case. Pears wero overripe and sold at 4s 6d to 63 per case. HEMP. Manila market steady with firmer tendency. Fair business has been done. “J” grade March-May and April-Juno shipment at £29 10s. Sisal: Market quiet but steady. Valuo fair averago quality No. 1 March-May shipment £33 10s, No. 2 £32 10s, good marks 10s more. Now Zealand market very quiet, business being confined to small lots afloat at low prices, fair afloat having boon sold at £27. No first-hand businoss reported in forward shipment. WOOL. Salos continue' with active broadening competition and prices show hardening tendency. STANDARDISED CHEE9E. CALCULATION OF YIELD. The yield of standardised cheese should be calculated on the weight of the fat contained in the whole milk, les3 the weight of fat contained in the cream which was skimmed; and tho fat in the cream, whether disposed of as cream or made into butter, should be credited to either cream sold or butter manufactured. This method ensures compliance with the requirements of clause 4 of tho Dairy Industry Amendment Act, 1922, prescribing the statement of overruns and yields which are to be furnished annually by dairy companies to their suppliers. Under this clause it is not necessary to take cognisance of the fat in the skim-milk. —W. E. Gwillim, Assistant Director of the Dairy Division. OPENNESS IN CHEESE. PRESENCE OF YEAST. Samples of cheese in the form of five plugs wero lately received at tho Wallaceville Laboratory from tho dairy produco grader, Napier, showing a very bad type of fermentation openness. This was unmistakably of bacteriological origin, the plugs being honeycombed with large, round, smooth-sided cavities of more or less regular shape, states Mr G. F. V. Morgan, N.D.A., N.D.D., dairy bacteriologist in the Agricultural Journal. Yeasts of various types have frequently been isolated from routine samplos of butter received at the laboratory, ho adds, and havo been found present in considerable numbers. They have also been found responsible for alcoholic fermentation in old milk samples which have been allowed to stand for some time. Cultures added to Easteurised milks in experimental cheeses ave produced typical cavities in the curd. This, however, is tho fir3t time that this yeast has been isolated from factory cheese and has proved a source of openness. APRIAY NOTES FOR APRIL. (By D. 'S. Robinson, Apiary Instructor, Department of Agriculture, Palmerston N.) All surplus honey should havo boen removed from hives by this date. Tho longer the honey is now left on tho hives, the more difficult will bo the extracting. Bees should bo wintered in one super, but where supors are put on hives for the bees to clean up, a mat with a hole cut in tho centre should be placed over the first super or brood no3t, and tho othor _ super placed over this mat. Tho bees, finding the extra combs partly cut off by the mat, soon get busy romoving the honey and storing it in tho brood nest. A very strict watch I should bo kept for foul brood. As this disease has now so often been dealt with 111 these articles wo do not propose* to describe it, but any apiarist who is in doupt and has some suspicious-looking combs should take or send samples of comb to tho nearest apiary instructor in whose district ho resides for verification and instruction in treatment. Hives should be carefully overhauled and the following facts_ attended to:—A laying queen is present .in tho luve; hive is free from foul brood or wax moth; sufficient stores are present for tho bees to winter on, namely, 30 to 401bs. That the mat does not hang outside the supers. Such a mat is worse than useless, as it absorbs tho moisture from the outside. This is carried by capillary attraction to the portion under tho roof, and the result is a damp hive, mouldy combs and unhealthy bees. Ascertain that supers are in good order and that the roof is watertignt. ,11 places whore floods arc liable to occur, see tha* hives are raised above possible flood level. Tho bottom boards should be scraped clean and all debris removed. Bottom boards should be raised at least six inches from the ground. The entrance of hives may now be contracted to at least half the summer width, and, where reversible bottom boards are in use, these should bo turned over and tho lessor depth openjug sido used. Hives should not be kept in shady positions, nor kept too near a hedge, as draughts are hard to avoid and the result is that the bees need far more stores to keop up the temperature of the hive. AH weeds should be removed from around tho hives, and long grass cut; tins helps to keep the hives dry,' and thus lengthens the life of the woodwork. In tho honey house all appliances usod in extracting should bo thoroughly wasliod and freed from every particle of honey Floors, too, should be well scrubbed, using hot water and a liberal amount of caustic soda. Cleanliness in the honey house is one of the most essential factors in successful beekeeping, for two factors, the chief being that honey is a food usually consumed as ifc is supplied by the beekeeper and not cooked. Secondly, honey spilt about an extracting building attracts moisture and fermentation is set up. These ferment germ 3 are liable to get into containers of honey that are not properly sealed and the result would bo fermented honoy. It is a good proceeding to keep a note book in the workshop and to jot down any little ropair work that may require to be carriod out to supers, roofs or any apiary appliances. Spare time in the winter may thus be occupied instead of waiting till the spring when there is much other work on hand. Store combs after extraction has boen finished and tho bees have cleaned up tho combs; tho combs should bo graded, damaged combs put out to bo melted down or to bo repaired. Combs suitable for brood rearing (that is combs free from drone cells) should bo kept separate. Combs containing many drono cells should bo i melted down, or, if kept, should be used lin the third or fourth super on a hive. : Combs should so be stored that mico are ' unable to gain access to the supers, os these vermin will, if given the opportunity, destroy a great _ amount of combs, iln apiaries infested with wax moth, provision should be mado to fumigate the combs. I BREEDS OF CEREALS. It has been felt for some time past that an investigation of the position as regards new varieties of cereals was duo (states an English paper). The chaos that obtained concerning potatoes before the appointment of the synonym committee of the National Institute of Agricultural Botany to deal with the subject threatened to disorganise tho cereal market.' It will bo learned with general satisfaction that steps have been taken to avert anything of the kind extending to the cereal crops, and, in addition, to regulate the position as it oxists now. The National Institute

of Agricultural Botany, which owes so much to the late Sir Lawrence Weaver, ' has rendered another important service in organising a representative conference to ■ inquire into the question of cereal syn- | onym3 and in setting up an authoritative ' body to deal with cases of suspected error. The result of this departure will tend to • mspire confidence in farmers in search ot changes of varieties or of strain.

FARMING IN BRITAIN. PREVALENCE OF SWINE FEVER. The agricultural correspondent of tho London Times writes:— The comprehensive and searching’ scrutiny to which tho farming industry is subjected by the members of the National Fanners’ Union at their annual meeting usually brings to light one or more imperfections that are hampering production and interfering with tho successful development of enterprises. Several .questions gave rise to useful discussion, but two points stood out aa in need of immediate and serious attention. These wero tho prevalence of swine fover, and the freedom with which Dutch skinimed-milk cheeso could bo sold for genuine English produce. The feeling among farmers is growing that if the Government wish to help tho agricultural industry, as it is commonly believed they do, then they could find ample means of accomplishing real and _ lasting benefit by removing marketing injustices and suppressing some of the more troublesome animal diseases. Tho evidence adduced respecting swine fever was convincing alike in respect of the sources whence it came and the gravity of the losses sustained. Tho fact that tho existence of this scourge costs the farmers of this country many thousands of pounds a year cannot be lightly disregarded, and if more detailed information be wanted there is the assurance that one owner lost £IOOO in six months last year. AN OLD QUESTION. This question of swino fever is of long standing, and the harmful effect of tho disease upon the pig industry is generally recognised. Yet it appears that the authorities are more or less helpless to cope with it, at all events in a manner that gives any guarantee to the farmers that production will not be greviously hampered and financial results seriously affected by ravages of the disease. Tho scourge is a constant menace to pig owners, and the fact that in the premier pig-raising county of Suffolk the havoc wrought by the disease is proportionately severe, testifies to tho impotence of the Government to keep the malady under control. THE CRY FOR RESEARCH. Worcestershire supported Suffolk in emphasising the holpleceness of the authorities and also in beuring testimony to the losses that resulted from the uncontrolled activity of tho scourge. It may be true, as some suggested, that individual owners sometimes are slack in detecting and notifying outbreaks, or are careless about isolating infected animals; but cases of remissness do not exonerate the authorities from responsibility, or mitigate the national mistake of tolerating a disease that inflicts such serious harm on a 6taple industry. Prominent attention and heavy expenditure are devoted to the study of pig production, and at the samo time a 6tate of things in regard to disease is permitted to obtain that is able to nullify the whole of the benefit that might ensure from other researches and investigation. We are endeavouring to build the superstructure before the loundation has been cleared and made reasonably secure.

Farmers are supposed to be lacking in appreciation of scientific research and experiment. At the meeting of tho National Farmors’ Union they wero simply shouting for renewed and suitable research into the problems that are impeding the way to success in the breeding and raising of pigs. Swine fever has so far defied the authorities to control it, and, while the fundamental knowledge concerning the disease is still lacking, our premier veterinary college is on the point of collapse and is in every sense unfitted to carry on the class of work for which it was intended and which is so urgently needed. No country in the world has greater need of veterinary research than England, since nowhere else is there live stock of equal value to be cared for, and yet there was presented at tho great meeting of farmers the spectacle of herds of pig 3 being decimated while our greatest centre of veterinary research wa3 in a stato of fast decay. There can be little for Pig Council reports or other inquiries if the health of the herds is to be disregarded in the manner described by speakers from different districts. SKIMMED-MILK CHEESE. The complaints regarding Dutch skimmed milk cheese came chiefly from Cheshire, but Other parts of the country suffer in sonio degree from tho substitution of this for tho superior home-made article. It was noteworthy that no mention was made by speakers of any of the safeguards that are openly ruled out of order. The one request was for “fair play”,; that commodities should be sold simply for what they are. It is sometimes not easy to collect evidence of default in the substitution of a cheaper article for a more expensive—an inferior for a better—but the Cheshire speakers were confident that they could convince any reasonable body that cheap Dutch cheese was being sold in place of the genuino cheese of the county. If the Ministry of Health, ,or the Ministry of Agriculture, were anxious to protect both producers and consumers from deception of the kind indicated, they should have little difficulty in procuring the necessary evidence in Cheshire and adjoining counties. The speakers presented their case with vigour and mostly with appealing sincerity, and it is pitiable that the makers of one of our .principal standard cheeses should be in danger of being driven from their markets, not, by fair competition, but by neglect of the Government to prohibit tho selling of ekimmed-milk cheeso which the imported article is intended to resemble. The fact that tho Dutch substitute can be retailed at 9d a lb., compared with the Is 2d or Is 3d charged for the superior native product, is clear proof of the inferiority of the imported cheese; but the craze for cheap food is so strongly rooted that nothing will surmount in short of declared inferiority, in the first place for the information of retailers and in tho second for the benefit of consumers. A remark by one speaker indicated a ray of hope for home production if only the authorities would bestir themselves to safeguard the unsuspecting householder. He stated that he knew of a case whore a retailer labelled Dutch cheeso correctly, and that although he priced it at the common 9d ho did not sell any considerable quantity of it. This experience made it clear that, if deception were suppressed, homo producers would bo able to market perhaps all the cheese they could produco. Reasonable consideration for the best interests of the country, producers and consumers, would inspire immediate inquiry into cases like this, especially since there is the double incentive to action of doing justice to consumers and keeping unwanted milk from going on to the milk markot, already greatly oversupplied. STOCK MARKET. BULLS SALE. Dalgoty and Coy., Ltd., report having a fair yarding of cattle and pigs at their Bulls solo on Monday. Quotations Weanor pigs, Bs, 10s, 12s; slips, 19s, 245, 265; porkers, 38s; weanor Holstein heifers, 355; weaner Holstein steers, 40s 6d; weanor Jersey cross heifers, £3 2s; empty cows, £4 2s 6d, £4 10s, £4 12s 6d; light fat cows, £6 10s, £6 17s, £7; bulls, £4, £7 10s. FEILDING SALE. Levin and Co., Ltd., report a smaller yarding of sheep than usual at tho Foilding weekly sale on 28th v inst. Tho fat entry was very small and sold at ruling rates. In tho storo pens breeding ewes of quality sold satisfactorily, while the lambs met a keen demand. In the cattle pens there was a big yarding, but tho sale was never brisk, and a considerable number were passed in at auction. Fat cattle woro also easior. Wo quote the following sales: —B.f. lambs, 11s 9d to 14s 6d; do. culls, 6s 8d; 5-yr. old owes, 19s to 20s; fat ewes, 14s 8d to 16s; dairy cow just calved, £11; empty storo cows, £3 5s to £5 10s; weanor heifers, 35s to £3; heifer r.w.b.. £5 ss; fat cows, £6 17s 6d to £8 12s 6d. WAIKATO SHOW. RECORD BUTTER AND CHEESE ENTRIES. Per Press Association. HAMILTON, March 31. Tho butter and cheese entries for the Waikato winter show closed to-day with a record of 1012 entries. This is a substantial increase on last year,‘Approximately 500 factories are participating from all over New Zealand,

WELLINGTON STOCK EXCHANGE. YESTERDAY’S BUSINESS AND PRICES. Half-a-dozen sales were recorded on the Wellington Stock Exchange yesterday, and four of these 'were of bank shares, the prices realised in each case being fully equal to current market values. The demand for Government securities was restricted. The 5i per cent, stocks and bonds, 1933, were steady at £99 5s and the 4j per cents., 1930, wero wanted at £99. There was a bid of £B3 7s 6d for Wellington Harbour Board 4i per cents. (1946). Bank shares were again in good demand with few sefiere. Bank of Australasia were in domand at £l2 5s cum. dividend, but sellers asked £l2 15s. Australian Bank of Commerce were up 4d at 25s 4d, with sales at 25s 6d. Commercial Bank of Australia wero wanted at 21s lOd with sales at 225. Commercial Bank of Sydney were 2e 6d higher at £2l 2s 6d. National Bank of Australasia, £5 paid, woro unchanged at £7 ss, Bank of Now Zealand were steady at 56s 9d, and Bank of New Zealand longterm were also steady at 265. Union Bank wero wanted at £ll 19s with no sellers. Bank of New South Wales wero offered at £4O, but there was no response from buyers. There were no buyers for National Bank of New Zealand, which wore on 6ale at £6. Goldsbrough Mort and Co. continuo in firm demand at 325, and Wellington Investment were steady at 10s lOd. New Zealand Guarantee Corporation are now quoted ex dividend with sellers at 8s 3d. WrightStephenson and Co. ordinary were firm at 20s 3d. Auckland and Wellington Gas wero in firm demand, tho former at 23s 4d and the latter at 29s 9d. Insurance shares wero steady with bids of 14s Id for National Insurance, a rise of Id: 43 for New Zealand at 60s for South British Insurance. Wellington Meat Export, ordinary, were steady and unchanged at 7s and HuddartParker, ordinary, were up 6d at 35s 6d, but Westport Coal were steady and unchanged at 30s 6d. Grey Valley Coal were wanted at 26s 3d or 9d below tho last sale. Crown Brewery at 8s 6d and Staples and Co. at 48n 3d wero unchanged. British Tobacco wcr» lOd lower at 41s 6d, but the quotation is ex dividend. Wilson’s Cement woro 3d up at 38s 6d and Mount Lyoll were wanted at 34s 6d. Buying and selling quotations at the final call yesterday on tho Wellington Stock

YESTERDAY’S SALES. The following sales wore recorded on the Stock Exchanges of tho Dominion yesterday:— Wellington.—Australian Bank of Commerce, £1 5s 6d; Commercial Bank of Australia (2), £1 2s; Bank of New Zealand, £2 17s; New Zealand Breweries, £4 Is 9d; British Tobacco, £2 3s 3d. Auckland. —Commercial Bank of Australia, £1 2s, £1 Is lid; National Bank of Australasia, £lO paid, £l4 18s, £l4 19s; Renown Collieries, pref., 3s id; Auckland Gas, contr., 17s; Waihi (late sale Saturday), 13s sd. Christchurch. —Commercial Bank of Australia, £1 Is lid; National Insurance, 14s 3d; United Building. Society, cum. div., 14a 9d; Mount Lyell, £1 15s. Sales reported: Commercial Bank of Australia, £1 2s; Goldsbrough Mort., £1 12s 3d; British Tobacco, ex div., £2 Is 6d; Dunlop Perdrian Rubber, ex div., 17s 9d. Dunedin. —Sales reported: Commercial Bank of Australia, £1 Is lid. FINANCIAL MERGER. NEW YORK, March 29. It is understood that an amalgamation is pending of tho Guaranty Trust Co., of Now York, tho Bankers’ Trust, -and Now York Trust companies, with total resources exceeding 3,000,000,000 dollars. No other recent financial combination of this kind on so large a scalo has so far been effected. FRUIT AND VEGETABLES. MARKETING” CONDITIONS. Per Press Association. WELLINGTON, March 31. At a meeting of fruit retailers to-day, tho conditions under which fruit and vegetables are marketed woro discussed at some length. A number of those present expressed tho view that the retailers’ representative who recently interviewed Hon. G. W. Forbes on the question had no mandato to criticise the markets inspector or tho Department of Agriculture. Tho general opinion was that the inspector did his duty as efficiently as possible and was not responsible for any unsatisfactory features of tho present stato of affairs. “If any one is to blemo,” said one speaker, “it is the retailers themselves. What is wanted is closer co-operation between retailers and tho inspector.” It was considorod that potatoes, cabbages and cauliflowers should bo graded in tho samo way as apples. FROM FARM TO ABATTOIR. NEW SCHEME FOR FARMERS IN BRITAIN. It was stated at the Ministry of Agriculture in Britain that the Ministry is giving preliminary consideration to a scheme under whch the farmer would sell his cattle direct to the abattoir, where tho meat would be officially graded. “It is too early to say anything definite,” said an official. “The effect of such a scheme would bo far-reaching, and tho Ministry is merely looking at the possibilities of it.” • It was also stated that good progress is being mado with the Ministry’s beef grading and marking Bcheme now in oper- ' ation.”

FROZEN MEAT. SHIPMENTS FROM NEW ZEALAND. The New Zealand Meat Producers’ Board reports the following shipments of frozen meat from Now Zealand:—

39,608 637,270 2,326,569 74,497 Boneless Beef (bags).—London 150, Liverpool 610, Glasgow 8758, Halifax 364. New York 22,051, Boston 1764. Total, 33,697. Note.—ln the case of meat shipped on optional bill of lading, the first port named on such bill of lading is shown herein as the destination. !

Exchange were as follow:— Buyers. Sellers. N.Z. GOVT. LOANS— £ s. d. £ a. d. 5£ p.c. Ins. Stk., 1933 99 5 0 — Si p.c. Bonds, 1953 ... 99 5 0 — 44 p.c. ditto, 1930 99 0 0 — DEBENTURES— Well. Harbour Bd., 44 p.c., 1946 83 7 6 — BANKSAustraalsia 12 J 0 ”112 lb 0 Australian Bank of Commerce 15 4 1 5 9 Commercial of Aust. (ord.) 1 1 10 1 2 2 Ditto, new (5s paid) 0 6 4 — Commercial Banking Co. (Sydney) 21 2 6 — National of N.Z — 6 0 0 National at Australasia (£5) 7 5 0 • New South Wales — 40 0 0 New Zealand 2 16 9 — Ditto (long term) 16 0 — Union of Australia ... 11 19 0 — FINANCIAL— Goldsbrough Mort .... 1 12 0 — N.Z. Guarantee Corp. (ord.) — +0 8 3 Ditto (prof.) — +1 1 3 Well. Invest., T. & A. 0 10 10 0 11 3 Well. Trust and Loan — 7 4 0 Wright, Stephenson (ord.) 10 3 — GASAuckland (paid) 13 4 — Wellington (ord.) 19 9 — INSURANCE— National 0 14 1 — New Zealand 2 3 0 — South British 3 0 0 — MEAT PRESERVING— Well. Meat Ex. (ord.) 0 7 0 0 8 6 N.Z. Refrigerat. (£1) — 0 11 7 Ditto (10s) — 0 5 6 TRANSPORT-Huddart-Parkor (ord.) 1 15 6 — P. and O. def. etock ... — 2 14 0 WOOLLEN— Kaiapoi (ord.) — 0 12 0 Wellington (ord.) — 6 0 0 Ditto (pref.j — 6 3 0 COAL — Waipa — 0 14 0 Westport 1 10 6 — Grey Valley 16 3 — TIMBER- • National — 0 9 0 BREWERIES— Crown 086 — Staples and Co 2 3 3' — MISCELLANEOUS— Colonial Sugar — 44 0 0 British Tobacco (Aust.), (ord.) 2 16 +2 1 9 Dental and Medical . — 0 13 6 Holden’s Motor Bldrs. — 0 15 3 N.Z. Drug — *5 11 6 Sharland and Co. (ord.) ! — 1 0 6 Wilson’s Cement 1 18 6 1 19 3 MINING— Mount Lyell 1 14 6 — *Cum. dividend. fEx dividend.

Beef. Mutton. Lamb Pork. Qrs. Cs. Cs. Cs. Oct., 1929— London 1,480 100,079 101,290 9,615 S’thampton — £00 4,251 — Liverpool — 1,650 3,063 — Glasgow 292 — — 180 Avonmouth — 2,050 5,514 — Manchester — 150 1,000 — 1,772 104,429 115.118 9,795 Boneless Beef (bags).— Liverpool 158, Glasgow 818; total 976. Nov., 1929— London 142 30,247 27,694 5,587 Liverpool — 1,150 2,000 — Glasgow — — — 114 Avonmouth — 1,550 2,050 232 Manchester — 150 1,000 — Montreal — 1,045 — — Vancouver 200 — 5 —* ' 342 34,142 32,749 5,933 Boneless Beef (bags).—Glasgow 2408. Dec., 1929— London 3,710 49,185 140.668 12,600 Liverpool 46 500 500 787 Glasgow 7( — 291 Avonmouth — 501 230 931 Vancouver 200 — 500 — San Francisco — — 4 4,026 50,186 141,902 14,659 Boneless Beef (bags).--London 112, Glasgow 2959. Total 3071. Jan., 1930 — London 9,377 97,872 672,730 7,254 S’thampton — 1,472 4,009 — Liverpool — 2,928 47,658 694 Glasgow , 198 428 2,796 864 Avonmouth 231 2,746 23,080 680 Manchester — — 508 — Halifax 400 — — — Vancouver 200 — — — 10,406 105,446 755,781 9,492 Boneless Beef (bags). — London 154, Liver-1 pool 118, Glasgow 5682, New York 408. , total, 6362. Feb., 1930— London 13,897 248,673 793,914 9,023 1 S’thampton — 5,729 25,888 j Liverpool 1,025 7,378 67,990 369 Glasgow 210 2,076 5,332 1,983 Avonmouth 692 3,960 31,487 358 Halifax 1,169 — — 1 . New York 873 1,000 4,000 - j Vancouver 1,000 203 500 — 1 1 18,866 269,019 929,111 11.733 ! Bonoless Beef (bags). — London 168, Glas- : gow 8590, New York 876, Boston 1039. | Total, 10,673. March, 1-15 — London 11,101 197,221 375,097 4.576 1 S’thampton ■ — 12,198 41,865 Liverpool 1,039 15,248 102,640 1,212' G lasgbw 304 4,900 4,446 , 2,676 Avonmouth 1,108 7,943 28,421 623 Manchester — — 1,000 —• i Cardiff 607 2,000 13,500 — | Vancouver 950 500 500 — | 15,009 240,010 567,469 9,087 Boneless Beef (bags).—London 73, Glasgow 14,945. Total, 15,018. SUMMARY. (Total 1st Oct., 1929, to 15th Mar., 1930.) London 39,707 723,277 2,111,393 48,655 Southampton — 19,899 76,013 —• i Liverpool 2,110 28,854 223,851 3,062 Glasgow 1,074' 7,404 12,574 6,108 Avonmouth 2,031 18,750 95,782 2,874 Manchester — 300 3,508 — Cardiff 507 2,000 13,500 — Montreal — 1,045 — — Halifax 1,569 — — — New York 873 1,000 4,000 — Vancouver 2,550 703 1,505 — ! San Francisco — 4 — 50,421 803,232 2,542,130 60,699 Boneless Beef (bags).--London 507, Liverpool 276, Glasgow 35,402, New York 1284, Boston 1039. Total, 58,508. (Total for same period last year, vi*., 1st October 1928, to 15th March, 1930.) London 4,309 577,402 1,981,533 47,564 Southampton — 16,580 57,770 — Boston — — 9 — Liverpool 326 23,627 169,257 8,429 Glasgow 385 3,007 4,440 10,562 Avonmouth — 16,279 62,606 7,442 Manchester — ' 6,431 500 Halifax 2,904 — 8 — New York 25,616 250 44,509 — Colon 2,168 — — | Vancouver 3,800 — 4 > San Francisco 100 125 2