Science. NEW TELEGRAPHIC SYSTEM.

Lake County Press, Volume X, Issue 516, 7 April 1881, Page 7 (Supplement)

Science.

NEW TELEGRAPHIC SYSTEM.

A new system of Bending mid reoeiviug el*ctrioal Impulses over an insulated wire has recently been brought into successful operation, that Beems to promise oot only a radical change in the present methods of telegraphing but a material gain in tho speed and coßt of sending messages by wire. It is founded on a union of the 80-called " automatic" and •' chemical" systems of telegraphy. The first of these employs a strip of paper having, by some mechanical means, a series of small holos punched in it, the design being to pass the perforated strip under a needle, or stylus, in electrical connection with the lino. This stylus, on passing over jjtha paper, opens the circuit, but in passing one of tho holos, drops through and closes it—this alternate making and breaking ol the circuit transmitting the message. The chemical telegraph records any eleotrioal impulses sent over a liae by staining a strip of prepared paper passing under it. This is founded on the fact that electricity na» the power of decomposing certain chemica'.n, and if paper is soaked in these chemicals and submitted to the action of eleotricity, it will be discoloured wherever tho current passes. While both of thsso systems have been used, neither has been able to compete with the more simple Morse key and sounder, aad it has remained tor the new system to bring their* to a position where they may oome into general use. The new sy«tom is a modification and combination of the automatic and chemical systems, the transmitting being performed by meanß of a perforated strip of paper, and the receiving of the message being recorded by the discolouration of chemically prepared paper. The process is entirely mechanical and chemical, the telegraph operator haviog no direct control ov*r the message, either by sight, sound, or touch. Tho written rnesßage is sent to the operating-room, and given to tha person using the perforating machine. This consist of a small key-board, with black and white keys, each marked wish a letter or Bign, and an ingenious system of levers, oparated by the keys, for punching email boles in a ribbon of paper moving past the side of the machine. The machine stands upon a small table, and under it is a treadle for giving motion to the feeding apparatus for supplying the paper to the machine. The operator moves the treadle with his feet, and at the same time touches each key to spell out the mes6»g*. In a very fsw seconds the message is imprinted on tha ribbon in the form of a double row of small perforations, each group of two holes representing a dash, and eaott single hols a dot, as in the Morne alphabet. Each letter is separated from the next by a longer dash, and each word by a still longer dash, and each sentence by a dash of indefinite length. This spacing of the letters is perfofmed automatically, the spacing oi words and seatences ie performed by the operator. The perforated strip containing the message is then sent to the transmitting machine. This consists essentially oi a metallic wheel, divided into two sections by means of a thin insulation of hard rubber. One section of the wheel is connected with thsi positive pole of the battery, and the other flection with the negative pole. A pair of fine metallic brushes, both of which are connected directly with the line, are suspended above the wheel, and are arranged so as to press lightly upon the latter, when desired. When resting on the wheel the circuit is closed, and when raised above it the circuit is broken. The perforated strip is, by a simple piece of mechanism, made to pass over the face of this wheel and under the brushes. While the paper is passing, both brushes are raised from the wheel, aud slide over the paper, and-the circuit is broken, On passing a hole, one of the brushes drops through and closss the circuit for an iustano. On passing two or mote holes, arranged in & afrriee close together, the brush closes tho circuit for a shorter or longer time, according to the number of holes, and as the perforations on the paper are arranged in two rows, alternating from one to the other, the brushes are used alternataly, and the polarity of the current is continually chadgod wit.h every impulse sent over the liae. No special skill is required in sending a message, as the operator has only to pu>oihe perforated strip in the machine and turn a hand-crank, to cause it to pass rapidly uuder the brushes, and with a practice, a young girl can send messages at the rate of one thousand words a minute, with absolute precision. The receiving apparatus consists essentially of a simple piece of mechanism for e.vasing » atrip of chemically prepared paper to pass rapidly under two small nmedlas that are connected with the line. Aa the paper passes the needles, the electricity sent over the line from the transmitting machine seeks the eartu through the wet paper and the machine, and in passiug discolours the paper, each stain representing a dot or dash, and the message is printed on the paper in a double row of at tho same speed with which it was despatched. In practice, a Morse kty aad sounder is placed at each end of the Hue, and on sending a message the transmitting operator calls the rec-jiving station, aad when the operator at the distant end replies, both turn the cranks in their machines swiftly, and the message is sent and received at an avexage speed of one thousand words a minute. The massage received is given to a "person u.-iug a typewriter, and at once translated into print and sent out by the meseeDger-biy. It is found in pracdee that two operators, one at each end of a single wire at an indefinite length, can keep fifteen operators fully employed in preparing the nifcsssges, and inteen ><irls busy in translating and printing tho messages for delivery. The system is of American origin. — Scribner's Magazine.

Pbbils of Dentistyr.—A Watorville dentist had a lather ugly *xpe«ence with one of hid patients recently. Thesubjact was a strong and healthy young fellow of twenty five or so, and the doctor proceeded to administer to him nit ro-oxide gi>s for the purpose of extracting a tooth. Scarcely had the young man p,ot well filled, and the tooth been duly pulled, when jumping up like a flaoh he aimed a tremendous blow at the doctor's head. Ducking under, however, the doctor escaped <;the blow, and giving the fellow a vigorous push sent him b..ek again into the chairs Bub his blood was up, and jumping up quickly he struck the wall just at the aide of the chair two fearful blows with his doubled fists which.fairly shook the buildiug. By this timo he wae out of it and calmed down immediately. All of this took bin a second or two and occurred in a small room partitioned off from the main office so that tha doctor had no means of escape. The plain imprint of two sets of knuckles can be plainly seen in that wall to this day— Bangor (Me) Whig.

young woman who managed that d»ifl| prided herself on her good batter. Wtigß she knew of bad butter must have been fearful to contemplate. In some faruH houaea the milk is set In the Hvlng-xodflß who?u the cooking and eating a*e done, ajflfl whore, in the evening, the farmer and th*] hired man emoke their pipea and dry theS wet boota and sock* under the stove, ]flß wonder aome peraona prefer butter Made in that faahion- If these l>oj9 come under the notloe of anyone, man dH woman, who milk under such circunfjl stances as these, or in any way to them, I would gay to htm or her, ttjfl good butter cannot be made in that wajH and the labour spent over it is only halt 01 1 quarter paid for. I The first necessity in setting the miUdl perfect purity of plaoo and »urroundin|H Then there should be the following *9

_ A moderate circulation of fresh.and moliH Shelves raised at least three feet from tffl A temperature not over 60Jegs. in aurfl mer, and not below 'lsdegs. in winter. I Perfectly clean utensils, and very IUtM

It matters little how or where these com ditiona are secured; that thoy are securMß is oufflcient. The following' reasons may be j given ; viz., milk readily absorbs odours ajH! tbe cdours are concentrated in the cresM with stagnant air the natural odour of rj&e! fresh milk, which is disagreeable to soih& persons, cannot be removed; in the dw| air the cream becomes of a leathery touol ness and often produces specks in tfjfl butter, and always makes an infeoH \ quality.. When milk is kept on Ml ground in a cellar or milk-house, itjS i brought into contact wiJh the coldest jgH in -which all the bad odour of the place aB j condensed. At a higher temperature thjiinm 60degf. the milk will sour and often thiQiSH before the cream has risen, and to hjß the best butter, the cream should be talHHj from sweet milk. At a lower teojperatMH than 45deg. the colour of the creatnjH j much lightened, and the butter will htraßKfl light ia colour; besides, there is dangJSH freezing; and frozen cream will not mflSfi good butter. If the milk pans areJgHH quite sweet and clean, the milk will saurS tco soon. With too much light thee butter will not have the rich, deep coloSr that is desired.

When the milk is brought in from thfP cow-ttabie or tha shed, it is atrained at oneo- A into tha pans, aad these are put away in'fcTrei place provided for them. Kt it is not atraittt&q A at once, some crsaia will rise, if tha milk is" ' rich, and this cream will be caught in Ifi ! meshes-of the strainer and be lost. Before JP the milk is pou.-ed out of the pail is ia to first pour out a quart or bo and rataraj r this into the pail; this will remove stray hairs that may have fallen oa to tha I »~ outside of the strainer spout or lip of the ! pail. This is more especially advisaole wiMtfr those pails the strainer of which cannofcife wiped with a clean cloth. Tue itnprlWd* strainer pail, described in the last artioflE i which, by the way, is ray own invention IEBI is not patented—may be easily cleaned <*' H* wipsd to remove any hair, dust or other - impurity which may have fallen on it. Ini) m plauiag the milk pane on the shelves, it will' 'A be found ecßvoniant to have theni'l - arranged in regular order and to retain this r order always, so that there, is never any i C doubt about the right pans to be skim'TOM & The shelves may bo arranged so aB to this very easy and not to move any pasfe-i * but if but cse ahelf is used, the pans niuafc WVmoved along to fill the place of thote & skimmed at one end and mate room at' the: " { * other and for the freak milk. Hereaffces I S shall describe my method for arranging tha <J skeivaa in a convenient way for this and oth*j? purposes. The pans bhould never beM covered. If it is necessary to cove* to exclude fliea, mice or other windows should be covered with fine wire 6 gauze, and to guard againat mice the aheiwj£l{ should be purposely arrangad. j 5 Whon the milk has atood 36 hours'ike j ] cream will have risen, and Bhould be skimmecV 8 off. At this time the cream will be thick ■ C and adherent, and on good milk that haa been set two inches deep i a shallow pans *'aould be at least a quaner of an inch This will give 12 per cent, of pure orMmJJ which ia as much as 1 have over known anvy l» cow to give, although it has been often ; «ld P that euca a cow gives 25 or 30 per cent, ol 1 er*am. One of my cowb wiii show S8 per cent, of cream in a five-iuch-deop teat-glass •' '■ ' but this ia not pure cream. This same mflg p set in a twetity-ioch-doep pail wiii show about I six inches of cream; but when cream r)ae?r ;; la a deep veaeel a large quantity of milk • ia brought up with it and stays witE -'' it, and the 4 23 per cent., whicaV; ir ' shown ia a deep- Qooley pail, shrinks, in.*"• j Ferguson .Bureau pau 40 J2 pec cent. There* : is au advaucags, howeve,-, ia this diluted ' cream, which is, that it is in precisely the best condition for good churning; » JIS skimming the pure cream at least an||»S?> quantity of miik should be poured offl»3| it into the wem jar, and botu be atirrlfflß together. To remove the cream, a saMtlL flat, cream knife shouid be passed arounolnel eyge of the pan to looaen it, and the film of I cream ia then fitted aad pusned with', the f' cream imie over the edge of tha pan into I the cream jar. »Tni 3 will remove enough ' milk with the cream to dilute it sumoianbiy; Jivery time cream is poured into the jaiM anould be aiirred, otherwhe there will be daager of haviag white specks in the batter. —llcnry Stcioart, in Rural New Yorker.^W

Rhymes of Animals -A correspond** of' the Cinctnath Gazette writes: "I stearirl the following rhymes together to tickle tfaf ears o£ my little ooy«, four and si r. year* old; Iney ttv.se their mamma to read ic over mi] oyer igain, asd they fetch the big illuaH dictionary to have her paint out the K animals with such strange names wnut she can about them. This fanolllf rhyme and rhythm is, I suppose, * characteristic of nearly ail children, and n««L the publication of this will amuse a widi circle th&n my little household. Theliffl haa Detn, after euphony, to have thelßott incongruous animals in juxtaposition : ■ j Alligator, Beetle, Porcupine, While,! I Bobolink, Panther, Dragonfly, Snail I f Crocodile, Monkey, Buffalo, H*ro M I Dromedary, Leopard, Mudturfcle, BeaHl I Elephant, Badger, Pelican, Ox, I Flymgfish, Rsindeer, Anaconda, FoxIS ! Guineapig, Dolphin, Antelope, Gooslfi I Hummingbird, Weasel, Pickerel, Moo* i v f Ibex, Rhinoceros, Owl, Kangaroo, •jg ' I Jackal, Opogßum, Toad, Cockatoo, | I Kingfisher, Peacoek, Anteater, Bat,M J Lizard, Ichneumon, Honeybee, RatM f locking oird, Camel, GrasshopperJHje, f Nightingale, Spider, Cuttlefish, (iiSM . f Ocelot, Pheasant, Wolverine, - f Perrlwinkle, Ermine, Katydid, Hanfß 1 Quail, Hippopotamus, Armadillo, ItfS V Rattlesnake, Lion, Woodpecker. SldW J Salamander, Goldfinch, AaglewormJßfi { Tiger, Flamingo, Scorpion, Frog, i Unicorn, Ostrich, Nautilus, Mole, 9 Viper, Gorilla, Basilisk, Sola, j Wiiippoorwili, Beaver, Centipede, |B». j Xancho, Canary, Polliwoo, Swan, m { Yellowhammer, Eagle, Hyena, Larflj J Zebra, Cuameleou, Buttesfly, Sharif B

leer, am

L At present ■ extent than Iglucoso, and ■Uantities, are Hob legislation [growing. At I of such- vast jnd counties of bnfined to the bsmania, Viono doubt, hops I of the other mia, and Viouality. Tas■growing first I 500 acres of unent of that ould produco j attracted hy which has tlian agrioulvines being !lry. The hop ving plant; ims, and in necessity to 30 a gross eep soil and imania, therepre knowledge ng in the rich px, and irriga- ; planters soon is about 1854, > in cultivation, She plantations ja where the s attended to, Others proved

)duced greater Cultivation, for the area under I 1,032,0031b5., las 548 acres, jThe low prices lit, account for Exports of hops p,512, while in k these figures, ? profitableness hj others. The fet now are : I do., 1878, Is. fpd. to 2s. 3d.; p, Is. 7d. to 25.; I 1880, Is. 3d. jity of 6d. that tanian growers fy had sold all tie, Is. as an wing, of course, I They would, ace of 548 acres ire. "Wheat at §1 at 45., would lied four sheep, I) probabjy not Dsidered. But hj, calculations B>er aore has to ft, -even at the I £l6 over. It rever, that 9d. ■s here receive, lourth.

oia, who is one I practical hop ich acre entails i 0 per annum, )01b. per acre, produoed with . per lb., and I remunerative, ads "and build - This estimate : production is eking, which is • parts of the than half the ies in Victoria. f hops are very 1 Early Grape, : Some of these June at £8 per ips sold, by last ndon) at £5 9s. sxhibits several igh young, has ss. Hops are Ovens districts. it of Mr. John has 20 acres ilded 92 bales, lops are also .st, and some resa has been f' since its introars ago, and a yw set in. In ictoria was 145 md in 1879 it n of 284,4801b. jardens are being considerably to

lustry has made svo fine samples, ryet. As to other foubt, be grown Ition. And. now p preparation—a j stone kilns are in order to turn lerboard, or bark >nial plantations, * to regulate the I to attain per-st-class samples but great care ulting in great ich prevent the ield from being righest prioe in f a good sample, itantial stone or 3 would amount 1 soon be repaid crop. Not only at it is necessary ier. In all the > been writing, ations are at all bur will, in the .ers and planters y, are now called rorld, excellence >le, will assure whether in wool, Dps, or anything a bad article, or uld be better to istralian demand ho grows herself, af £BG,OOO, while t Tasmania, im-

is the colony jo this important rticle, the great jwth is simplicity family, and its In the Queensy and Sons, of ferrowroot, about i ton. There are re. New South e for the plant, 3ole and Son, of For some time it ia was suited for enaner, of the lission Station, problem, and he id manufactured one-pound ', it will grow in i so susceptible of pa less moisture, jbo easily by too py much labour, toessary, so far

taking 6d. as the price of a pound of "arrowroot (though that may be high, especially if exported), 60 lbs., worth 335., could bo carried for the same price as a bushel of wheat worth 45., in many cases less. There is little difference between the growth of potatoes and arrowroot. The planting and raising are done in the same way, and the troatmont while growing is the same. The stalks, which somewhat rosemblo maize, grow to the height of about 6 feet, and when the roots aro ripe the stalks begin to wither. It is not necessary to raise the roots immediately upon getting ripe, for, except in case of very heavy rains falling, they will keep in the ground for a long time, thus allowing tho manufacturing to "bo carried on loisuroly. In regard, to tho means of obtaining a supply of roots it may be considered probable that tho growers in this and tho other colonies, whom I have mentioned above, would supply any intending cultivators, and it is to be hoped that the numerous roots of different varieties at the Exhibition will be utilised in tho direction of increasing the production of the article in Australia, owing to the number of persons from all the colonies who have visited it. The manufacture of arrowroot is almost as simple as its cultivation. Most farmers' wives know how to make potato ilour or potato starch, and arrowroot is manufactured in the same way. The roots are dug up with a fork and washed. They are then ground or grated into water, tho ground pulp is washed, and the clean pulp when dry is pure arrowroot, fit for use. Large mills are used on the most extensive arrowroot farms in Queensland, but the crop is grown by many small landholders, who use small manufacturing appliances. The mills used at Ramahyuck and. near Maitland consist of a circular wooden wheel, like a grindstone, and set in a frame in a similar way, a tub or trough of water being placed underneath. The circular wheel is covered on the face with perforated tin, which presents a rough surface like an ordinary grater. Againsjj this grater the roots are held while the wheel, which revolves in the water trough, grinds them away. The trough is removed and the water is allowed to settle, when the arrowroot finds its way to the bottom. Eresh water is added, the arrowroot is stirred up, and after settling again the water is poured off, this process being repeated until all the impurities are removed and the water remains clear. "When the water has been poured off for the last time the arrowroot is found in the form of a sediment at the bottom of the trough or tub. It is next taken out of the trough and spread upon cloths in the sun to dry. In wet districts, where fine weather cannot be depended upon, stoves are used for drying, but in Australia generally drying could be carried on by means of the heat of the sun. I cannot but point out at this juncture that such industries as picking hops, picking grapes and fruit for drying and preserving, gathering tobacco, preparing tobacco, &c., all of them light, would give employment to our growing juvenile population, with whom we do not know just what to do. Nor would this keep them from school, for the State injpacjb. colony could, as is done elsewhere, afifcw holidays at the proper seasons to children intending to work at such industries, without interfering with that most important matter, the education of the young.

An Old Fox Hunter's Story.—" I n&n once," said the hunter, " chasing a small fox wiih half a dozen hounds. Thoy hnd been pretty eloeely for uocae three houre, feed ho was finally fojeed fco try to gain bis den in a ledge of rocks- Now, it happens to be a fact that a fox always likes co put as much distance as possible between himself and his pursuer* when he takes to his domicile, and as a cO::;oqueace he Dishes the highest possible spaed when finishing the run. In this particular instance Keynard started on a straight ma for his home when nearly a mile distant and was soon tw.> or three hundred yards ahead of ihe hounds and widening the gap. When less than a quarter of a mile from home ha was intercepted by three fresh dogs, which, heading the chase, had started to joiu it from a poij;t oa a line with the fox's konnellmg place. Of course they drove him back on a liae nearly parallel with the courso oc which h<nad been tunning, ;\nd it looked as though he would have to jaake a circuit of two or three miles to reach fajme. The fresh hounds having literally taken up the chase and carried ii baok paßt my own as .an angle, my dogs lef r , the trail and by a shorS out joined ihe iaiiuiera, and ih& whole pack was soon in lull ory within one hundred yards of »ho fox, which was row running directly aw&y from home. At this point the fox left the woods and took to nn open field that eloped abruptly down soma threo hundred yards to a narrow valley. He had barely disappeared over the brow of the hill when the niue dogs broke from the woods "over the fence, all of them except the leader with their heads erect looking eagerly for their prey. I was standing on ihe opposite hill and had an unobstructed view and carefully noted all the movements of the fox and his pursuers. As soon as he had clexrsd ihe fence and before the hounds we*e io a position to sos him he put on a magnificent burst of spead for ose huudred yards dossn the hill until ho reached a large stump three feet in height and perfectly flat on '.he top. Loapicg upon it he lay down with hi., cose pointing la the direction of his noisy pursuers and flattened hinu-slf out so completely that he was practically invisible to me F.nd I doubt whether a man would havs noticed him passing within two rods of the stunap unless he was looking fcr something on it. Tne houeds came down the hill with a rush, some taking one sida of stump aad some the other. There was no abatameat is their speed until they reached nearly th« opposite aide of the field, whon tha leader discovered that ihe trail was '-lost," and, giving the well-known signal, the pack v?6rc thrown into- confusion and the search to pick it up began. As soon as the hounds had gone a safe distance beyond him, Eeynard leaped irom his perch and mude a Dee-lina for home. It was nearly fifteen minutes before tne hounds made out the trail, and he had ample time to reach the before they were again in pursuit of him. The nice judgment displayed by the fox when "doubling" on his trial was thus described: "When a fox wants to rest and at the same time enjoy the discomfiture of the dogs, he "doubles'* and then sits down and enjoys the sport, which may last fifteen minutes or half an hour, according to circumstances. There ia something peculiar as well as musical in the "note'' or "notes" of a pack of hounds in chase. When going straight away upon the trail, each dog has a " note" to which he gives utterance at regular intervals, running from 40 to 120 per minute, the interval being lengthened or shortened according to the distance between pursuer and pursued—the "music" being slow when the distance is great and growing more and more rapid as it ia shortened. When the chase is fairly under way the " tongurag" or baying of the hounds is in concert, and, to the hunter at least, very musical and harmonious. But the moment the trail ia "lost' the harmony is broken; the long, melodious tone is changed to har3h barking or howling at irregular intervals, and not until the trail is recovered does the music set in again.

servants/LL'jßrThg that - the "dreaded "Hroo was coming, «ho went oat and stood at her door to receive the rioters. Seeing her they paused; then mho addretsed them, told them that her hiuband was away, and that she wne there alone at their meroy. She offered them what food she had, and asked them to go and leave her in peace. Tho result of this appeal was remarkable. The rioters threw down tho stones which they had brought with thetn to cast at the windows, and went away quietly, leaving her house untouched. Such in woman'" influence. Strong In her very weakness, she tamed the rude mob, which would have laughed at her threats, and been deaf to any other appeal.

There could not be a better illustration than this of the strange power which a good woman can exercise over men. But the exercise ' of this power Is nothing new, as the pages o{ history can testify. From the very earliest timed, the influence of women has had a very marked effect for good or for evil over the Uvea of man with who oi they have come In contact. It was through tho influence of Marcia that the Christians were leniently treated by the vicious and cruel Emperor Commodus in the second century. Again, it is well known thai ko one had any influence over the passionate Emperor of Russia, Peter" the Great', bub his wif* ; as a celebrated writer says: "She acted as mediator between the monarch and his subjects.' 1 These and many other instances which must occur to the mind of any reader of history, only shew that there is a great amount, of truth in the aphorism which states that "men are what women make them."

If the influence of women is so great—if their society has such a great efTec'; on the lives and character of the men with whom th«y are associated —and If this influence is to be for good, it is very plain that they count be regarded as the social equals and nob the social inferiors of men. One of the greatest mistakes that the world has ever made haa been that of regarding women as inferior to men, simply beciuae of their physical inferiority. In consequence of this mistake, men have at all tiniss and in all parts of the earth seriously injured themselves. lastead of looking upon woman ati a "jaelpmeet" for man, the tendency has bean to regard her merely as a slave or plaything ; and ao the true position of woman his been altogether lost sight of. In degrading woman, man degrades himself.; therefore, by raising women—or rattier by not allowing them to sink below the position which they were intended to fill—men in reality serve their own interests". The position ot' woman is fully recognised throughout the inspired writings, and in whatever place Christianity has been recognissd, woman has been raised to her proper position of " helpmeet" to man, and consequently permitted to develop her higher qualities, and exercise her refining influence unchecked. Thus the responsibility of women under the Christian regime is very great. With increased influence comes increased power for good or evil. And this power may be exercised in a variety of ways. In many cases a woman is a " helpmeet" to some particular person, such as her husband. As a rule, the influence of a wife over her husband is very great. Insensibly she guides him; with keen perception she detects hia best qualities, and encouzasjes him to develop them; with loving tenderness she poiais out the faults in his character, and with sympathy that none bub a woman ca.; show, helps him to do battle against them. If he ia despondent, the is hopeful; if he lacks perseverance, she animates him with her energy ; if he. is crushed with 30rrow, she 13 strong for Lis sake; if ha ia dietraofced with anxious cares, she is Ms councilor ; if all the world looks coldly on him, if friends Ml away in the da.v of trouble, she shr.res Ms lot, and clings to him still. Thus a true woman may guide a man over tho ocean of life, k=ap him in his best course, and bring him safely pant many a dangerous reef; just as a singis hand on the wheel cmi aleer the strongest vessel over waves which would drift the rudderle&a bark to destruction.

Then a wornaa may exercise ihs most powerful influence foe good over a father or a brother. How ofies has a daughter been ths means of reclaiming a father from evil, and leading; him to develop good qualities that have long lata dormant ? Many a man has torn himself flora vicious company—m?„ny a man been reclaimed from the oath of the drunkard, through the holy influence o* a daughter j and* in the same way many a brother has been kept in th 3 path of honour and virtue by a slstee'a iufluonc:?.

But a good woman's influence may extend far beyond her own howe circle. Whon a'ts meets has frieada and acquaintances In social lifs, whan sue goes anions; airangers, hsr presence must make itself felt in Boms way, especially by men. A refined, gentle woman oxorcisca, unconsciously, a powerful influence for good over every man with svhom she cornea in contact. She wins respect—without which her influence can never be for good—because she is refined, gentle, and womanly. She holds men's passions in check by that strange and commanding powel which virtue alone can give. And by showing in her life, in her actions, and by her sympathy " how divine a thing a woman may be made," she elevates the tone of every man who knows her; and doe 3 more lo promote purity and a real love of virtue than sermons from a thousand pulpits. It is a great mistake to suppose that a woman can only exert her influence for good, as a wife and mother. There are some women who think that marriage alone can place them in a sphere of real usefulness. But it is to be hoped that women are learning better; for under any circumstaneea, a woman cannot associate with men or women without to some extent affecting their characters. Moreover, the influence of women is great in any station of life. "Whether a woman is a princess or a maid-of-all-work, there are some lives on which her influence must tell for good or evil. The higher a woman's social position, the greater is her responsibility, it is true; but she cannot live ia any position with one being responsible in some degree for the way in which her influence is exerted On the banks of a canal in Belgium, there is a chapel built in memory of a good and virtuous barmaid, so that even in such a calling, where women are exposed to contaminating influences and great temptations, it is nevertheless possible for them to win respect and use their influence for good. There is no necessity to point out how fatally a woman's influence may be exerted for evil. As wives, unscrupulous women may suppress all that is noble in the characters of their husbands, and develop all that is base ; as mothers, they may bring up their children to be ■ worldly, scheming, and utterly devoid of principle ; and as fast, pleasure-seeking girls, they may exercise the most pernicious influence on the men who admire them and seek their society. It is to bo regretted that so many women in all classes are so careless about their responsibility, and so thoughtless about the way in which they exercise their influence over others, especially men. If men are what women make them, it is time that women shoidd learn to appreciate their position, and realise the great responsibility their influence entails upon them. There would not be so many fast and dissolute men, if women showed (as they could if they chose) a disposition to shun the society of such men.

effected among the godless and coarse youths of the oountry. "Whatever may be the customs and laws of a oountry," says Aime, Martin, " the women of it deoide the morals." The hotter this faot is recognised by women, and tho more frequently womon are found to aot as if they understood its truth, the purer and better in every -way will men beoome. But it is very certain that 'women will never increase their influence for good if they follow the example of that miserable minority-among their sex who clamour for what they are pleased to term " woman's rights." It is a woman's right to be honoured, respected, beloved, so long as she remains, in the highest sense of the word, womanly. And if -she rotains this right, she needs no other ; and will oxerciso a refining and purifying influence, that will continue to live and act long after the days of her pilgrimage are over.— Chambers's Journal.