Spirit of Anzac

Evening Star, Issue 20468, 26 April 1930, Page 12

Spirit of Anzac

Dunedin Pays Homage Impressive Commemoration Services w«* * daw of hallowed memories. The anniversary ■of the immortal landing at Gallipoli on ‘ observed as the national day of commemoration of the seventeen thousand young New Zealanders who paid the last full measure of devotion in the Great War. The mam service yesterday was in the Town Hall in the afternoon, a striking address on the present world situation in relation to peace being given by Mr Frank Milner C M.G., M.A., and numerous other services were held in dilteient parts of the city and suburbs. ) The gallant impetuous band who scaled the heights of Gallipoli fifteen years ago, and the brave men who went through the even worse horrors of Passchendaele and the other stricken fields of Trance and Flanders and the scorching deserts of Sanai ami Palestine, did more than make history. Their fierce unconquerable heroism and *elf-sacrifice lit a fianje of devotion that will irradiate the nationa consciousness and inspire countless generations of New Zealand citizens. Each 'succeeding Anzac Day seems to bring a profound realisation, of its significance. The comrades of the dead who marched yesterday, and the huge crowds who took part in the various commemoration services,' did more than in any previous year to enshrine the spirit of Anzac. It was again a striking act ot homage to New Zealand’s dead, and the spirit in which it was rendered must remain an abiding impression. Around ihc _ alter of remembrance there gathered the finest impulses and aspirations of national lit©. The services yesterday were not, as was .well put by tlie chairman at the big Town Hall gathering, a glorification of war, but an act of homage to the gallant dead. To all those capable of emotion the services must have awakened a thrill of mingled pride and sorrow. Probably the outstanding features of the day were the large paiacle of ex-servicemen and the striking address by Mr If. Milner, whose observations on the importance of world peace provided food for profound thought.

lan impressive service HUGE GATHERING AT TOWN HALL TRIBUTES TO THE FALLEN It was a deeply impressive and striking service in the Town Hall yesterday the large building being .prowded to the doors. There .was not Jan item that did not strike a responsive chord in the huge gathering, and in every word of the hymns, prayers, and (addresses there seemed an _ earnest resolution to keep bright, glowing, and clean the flame of sacrifice kindled by cur soldiers on the slopes of Gallipoli, the plains of France and Flanders, and the other fields of war. Organised, by the Dunedin Returned Soldiers’ Association, the service was excellently arranged. The chair was ■occupied by Mr W. F. Forrester (vicepresident) of the association, the ad-, dress of the day—a striking and eloquent one—was given by Mr I rank Milner, 0.M.G., M.A. (rector of the fWaitaki Boys’ High School), and the Rev. Dr E. N. Herrington, C. .1. led the prayers. A , separate service held in the Concert Hall to accommodate those who could not be seated in the main hall, and amplifiers carried Mr Milner’s address to the second service. The St. Kilda Band led the singing ..in the concert hall. MESSAGE TO COMING GENERATIONS. The Chairman (Mr W. F. Forrester) apologised for the absence of the president of the Dunedin Returned Soldiers’ .'Association (Mr J. S. Skinner), who, he said, was in the North Island. An apology 'had also been received from Rear-admiral Byrd, who regretted he had to leave before the service took 'place. The thanks of the R.S.A. were •offered to the mayor and councillors for the use of the Town Hall, and to Mr F. Milner for coming from Oamaru to •give the address- “ To-day is the fifteenth anniversary of the. landing of the New Zealand troops on Gallipoli,” continued Mr Forrester. “This day has been set apart not to commemorate that wonderful feat of arms, not to glorify war, but it has been set apart so that coming generations may learn of the sacrifice made which has enabled them to enjoy the freedom they now enjoy. Anzac Day does not commemorate exclusively those who fell on Gallipoli, but also those who fell on all the fields on which New Zealand troops were engaged, and also those who died as a result of war service. To all who aro near dear to them we on this day pay our tribute. “ The distance from the Great War is such that no child at present attending the public-schools remembers the war,” said Mr Forrester. “ I suppose very few, if any, of the Girl Guides or Boy Scouts present remember the news of the landing on Gallipoli reaching New Zealand. This fact renders it all the more necessary that we should use our best endeavours to keep green the memory of those who did so much for those coming after. Since its formation the R.S.A. has made itself responsible for the proper observance of Anzac Day, and it is our intention _while tho association continues to exist to see that Anzac Day is observed m the proper spirit—to keep, it as a day of remembrance of thoSe who did not return. But on this present day we must not forget those who returned from the war incapacitated for life and, those who still lie on beds of sickness or pain after fifteen long vears. it is with the welfare of these men and their dependents that our association is mainly concerned, and T appeal to ex-servicemen present to retain their membership of our association in order that we may render to those pien and their dependents what assistance we can.” j. HEED OF WORLD PEACE Ntl MILNER'S OUTSTANDING ADDRESS ' Mr Milner said they were gathered together in a great civic hall on the fifteenth anniversary of J i% 5 U 1*915° landin'* at Gallipoli on Apul 20, XJlo, to pay” their tribute to the men from this young country who participated m War, to their heroic prowess, and to extend •<: spectful sympathy to those lost loved ones. He hoped to intei pret for the young generation conung bn a lesson on the spirit of Anzac, a lesson which he trustee! would, bo incorporated in the qualification of citizenship in our land. He legatded it as an P honouHn being asked to speak, and the clioicb of himself as a comp menl -to the: profession Hid. repres<inted. a profession; that wns’eiitrusted with tha; /jßepx»s||).ility. training, d

moulding the character and ideals of the younger generation. They knew or the praise jwhich was lavished upon the men of New Zealand for their .achievements in the Great War. General • Haig had said that no soldiers on the Western front had finer discipline, morale, and organisation than those from New Zealand. He welcomed the opportunity on such an occasion to pw a tribute to the late Mr Massey and to Sir James Allen for the splendid spirit thev instilled into this country during the" dark hours of distress and tribulation, when manv others would have yielded and been ready to compromise. Their spirit and efforts did much to-, wards maintaining the splendid unit MKiresenting the country at the-iront in the form which drew unstinted admiration from the greatest captains or the day. He also wished to recall the tribute paid to the men of Gallipoli and the whole of the New Zealand forces by General Birdwood, the “soul of All- - Great praise had also been given to our mounted men in the 1 alestine and Sinai campaign by General Allehby, who praised them not only lor their horsemanship, but also lor the lact that he had yet to meet men who instilled greater intelligence into their work than tho New Zealand soldiers. Placed alongside the most famous regiments of the line, our men had not been found wanting. One could go on adding tribute after tribute to the quality and calibre of the men from New Zealand who had represented us on that great occasion. In the course of his travels he found great admiration for our soldiers in Canada, and in the United _ States of America he found men of high standing repeating the tributes. General Smuts had referred -to the New Zealanders who passed through Cape Town as the finest body ot men he could wish to meet. Thus it seemed that from this great struggle we could draw the lesson that on the fringe of the Empire we were breeding a stock worthy of carrying on the finest heritage of our Empire.. By its representation at the front New Zealand had written a page in gold in the annals of the Empire s story that would never fade. EFFORTS FOR PEACE. Mr Milner described the Great IVar memorial of Scotland erected in tho precincts of Edinburgh Castle, and said that, small as it was in compass, it pictured emblematically the whole of the history of Scotland. There were concentrated all the trials, travails* tribulations, agonies that constituted the chequered page of Scottish history. At the heart of humanity there was a spiritual nucleus which came from struggling in unison for national ideals. To-day the various dominions of the British Empire were associated as a Commonwealth of nations. The Teutons thought the British Empire was a mere loose aggregation, but the participation of each of the dominions in the Great War -had disproved that. One great direct result of the war was to place the dominions on a new footing in regard to the Motherland. They were now called upon more than ever to share her burdens, They were called upon more than ever to buttress her in her efforts to stabilise world peace. However cynical a man might be, lie had to recognise that Great Britain was making a magnificent effort for world peace. THE POSITION IN EUROPE. Dealing with the political situation In Europe, Mr Milner said the menace of a disruption of peace was not to be feared from Germany, where the cause of militarism was definitely lost. The attitude of Hindenburg in taking over the reins of Government was an indication of that fact, and the vote at the last election overwhelmingly proved the attitude the people of that country were taking against war. Throughout Germany and Austria-Hungary they seemed to have learned that the war had been a terrible mistake. The Germans were devoting themselves to industry, .science, and education, and he did not think any breach of the world’s peace was likely to come from that quarter. In speaking of Italy. Mr Milner said that in travelling through the country one realised what a power Mussolini was. A national unity and .spirit was instilled into the people of , Italv, who were working with wonderful industry and vigour. It was a pity Franco eoiild not see eye to eye with Italy. A greater sense of insecurity for peace was indicated in the attitude of Franco than in that of Russia, Germany, Or any other country he would like to mention. After discussing the various naval conference and peace pacts, Mr Milner pointed out that Franco was adopting an attitude that did not make for the peace of the world. At tho time France said she could not pay a penny hack to England she was lending hundreds of millions of francs to Poland and the little Entente Stales. _ He would- say advisedly that tho attitude of France was Hie most menacing international factor in the world situation, • '' ' \

In stressing tho need of promoting peace in the world, Mr Milner asked if they were satisfied to continue to train the' young for tho grim purpose of war. The feelings of mankind wore surely revolting against the criminal and Immense tragedy ol war.' Science was now placing in tho bands ot men terrible means of destruction. Poisonous gases might lie used, anil experts said the next war would be fought in the air ami that whole masses of tin* ciriliau population would lie blotted out bv the use of these hideous agencies. 'The use of such terrible engines of destruction would strip war ol any of the glamour it ever possessed. WIDER CONCEPTION OF HUMANITY. One must feel depressed as to the future of our wonderful heritage m civilisation, continued Air Milnei, unless man’s wonderful command over material nature could he balanced by an assimilation of spiritual lorces In our system of education there would need to be given a wider ami more sympathetic horizon to our young. 1 hey needed to widen their conception ol humanity. The feeling of internationalism in the atmosphere might run in the wrong direction, and they needed to have a corffetiv* to the narrow nationalism which older teaching had brought about. They needed an insight into the psychology, the aspirations ami the tribulations ol other peoples. It would be. wrong to standardise the world, because civilisation moved forward by honourable emulation As one who had had a great dea to do with the young, he knew that in the period of adolescence there was unfathomable idealism, and it should be the aim in education to endeavour to have the young generation realise that out of the four seas all men were brothers. If civilisation, with all its material advantages, was going to sinvive it must be by a wider conception of its obligations to, humanity at large. If it took the turn of narrowness, bitterness, secret diplomacy, ben there would be no future for mankind to advance on the spiritual side. In the Great War ten millions ol men were killed and thirty millions wounded, while eight thousand million pounds’ worth of material damage was Son*. It still left the world staggering and suffering under tho b««Jeri of its maimed and its other frightful legacies They should strive in their own lives to develop the ethical and spiritual side, and endeavour to take a more liberal and charitable view so that they might be fairer and more tolerant towards other peoples. towards this end they could all do something in their lives. MUSICAL PROGRAMME Mr Chas. A. Martin, of the 11.5. A. Choir, presided at the organ and accompanied tho singing of the hymns ‘God of Our Fathers,’ ‘Fight the Good Fight,’ and ‘0 God Our Help. During the collection which was taken up to defray expenses, Mr Martin played ‘ Cornach.’ The R.S.A. Choii, led bv Air J. T. Leech, sang ‘ An Ancient Folk Song of the Netherlands,’ and led prominently m the singing of the hymns, WREATHS ON THE CENOTAPH Wreaths were laid on the cenotaph by representatives of the following bodies:-—The Returned Soldiers’ Association, Returned Sisters, the New Zealand Government, the Dimedm City Council, the Otago Hospital Board, the St. Hilda Borough Conned the AVest Harbour Borough Council, the Red C ross Society, tho Junior Red Cross, the St. John Ambulance Association, the Otago Patriotic Society, the South African Veterans, the Y.M.C.A., the Y.W.C.A., the Overseas - League, the Rotary Club, tho League of Nations’ Union, the Chamber of Commerce, the Early Settlers’ Association, the University of Otago, the Council of Christian Churches, the United Otago District A.0.F.. the J.0.0.F., the Royal and Ancient Order of Buffaloes, the Loyal Orange Institution, the Service Lodge, the R.S.A. Choir, Toe H., tho Boy Scouts’ Association, the Girl Guides’ Association, the Alacandrew Bay Girl Guides and Brownies, the Alacandrew Hoad School, ex-pupils of the Alacandrew Road School, the residents at the AVaipori Power Station. In addition two private wreaths were placed upon the cenotaph. • LAST POST ’ AND ‘REVEILLE ’ A feature of the service was the playing of the 1 Last Post ’ and ‘ Reveille ’ bv the 2nd Cadet Trumpet, and Bugle Band, under Lieutenant J. L. Napier. They were strikingly impressive. After Dr Herrington had pronounced the benediction, the gathering concluded with the singing of the National Anthem. THE “ DIGGERS " MARCH AGAIN PARADE OF 800 RETURNED SOLDIERS It was an interesting company of returned men that marched again yesterday to take part in the commemoration services. Here were men who had fought in many quarters of the world —men of all ranks marching together to pay a tribute to their comrades who did not return. Hero wore man who had won high decorations for bravery, marching to honour the greatest heroes of all. Eight hundred in number, they made an impressive showing, as they had done in other lands in earlier years. Tho executive of the R.S.A. was highly delighted with the strength of flic parade, the largest gathering of returned men lor some years, probably indicative of the increased interest which ox-servicemen are taking in their organisations all over the world. FALLEN SOLDIERS’ MEMORIAL SERVICE IN QUEEN'S GARDENS FLORAL TRIBUTES OFFERED. Dunedin’s beautiful memorial could not have had a better sotting than it had yesterday amidst the delight I ul tints of the 1 autumn foliage. The Queen’s Gardens were thronged when tho first official function was held in the presence of a. largo, gathering ol territorials and cadets and a big muster of returned soldiers. Thousands ol the public stood on tho outskirts' of the parade. , .... , The parade of returned soldiers and South African veterans, which was bended by the Dunedin Highland Pipe Band, marched from the R.S.A. did) io tho Queen’s Gardens, and formed up round the memorial with the territorials and cadets. Tho colours of the Otago Regiment, emblazoned with tho names of the mam- engagements in which the regiment took part, were then brought forward at the head ol an official parly comprising the mayor

(Mr 11. S. Black), the mayoress and city councillors, ami bearers of wreaths. The Pipe Band played the lament ‘The Blowers of the .Forest.’ Solemnly the wreaths were laid at the foot of the fdeaming while obelisk, while the Rerimcntal Maud played ‘Abide With Me!’ The Per. Dr E. X- Memngton offered np a prayer and pronounced the benediction on the proceedings, and the Second Cadet Battalion Band, under Lieutenant Napier, rendered the Retreat (which was interrupted by the traditional volleys of the bring party), the Last Post, and the Reveille. The floral tributes included wreaths from the following bodies and organisations The New Zealand Government, the Returned Soldiers’ Association, the Returned Sisters’ Association, the Dunedin City Corporation, the Otago llarbour Hoard, the Otago Hospital Board, thi St. Kilda Borough Council, the West Harbour Borough Council, the Red Cross Society, the Junior Red Cross, the St. John Ambulance Association, tiie Otago Patriotic Society, the South African Veterans’ Association, Y.M.C.A., Y.W.C.A., the Overseas League, the Rotary Club, the Navy League, the League of Nations Union, the Chamber of Commerce, the Early Settlers’ Association,_ Hie University of Otago, the Council of Christian Congregations, the Returned Soldiers’ Choir. Toe H., Boy Scouts’ Association, Girl Guides’ Association, Macamlrew Road School, Macamlrew Rond Ex-pupils’ Association, and residents of Waipori, besides private tributes. THE PARADE STATE. Excluding the SOU ex-servicemen on parade yesterday, the strength of the Territorial and Cadet Forces who took part in the service at the Queen’s Gardens was as follows: —Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve—2 officers, 54 ratings; Otago Mounted Rifles—7 officers, 31 other ranks; Artillery Bam!-1 officer, 29 other ranks; Pith Field Mattery (How.)—s officers, 70 other ranks; 14th Medium Battery (How.) —5 officers, 71 other ranks; three battalions of the Otago Regiment (two being cadet) — 4(i officers, 1,353 other ranks. Altogether there were 1,644 troops on parade. Lieutenant-colonel J. G. Jeffery, M.C., y.D., being in command. The bearing of the troops in their march through town was excellent. ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL IMPRESSIVE ADDRESS BY REV. G. LAWRENCE A special civic service was held at St. Paul’s Cathedral last evening, a crowded congregation, of whom many had to stand, taking part. In addition to the mayor and members of the City Council and their wives, returned soldiers and members of the military forces of the Southern Command were in attendance, whilst the British Red Cross Society and the Order of St. John of Jerusalem were also represented. The first portion of the service was conducted by Canon Nevill, the Rev. A. Wingfield (of St. Kilda) taking the soednd half. The lesson, from Ecclesiastes, chapter xliv., verses 1 to 15, was read by Captain Freeraan-Greene, late of the Grenadier Guards. A thoughtful and inspiring address was delivered by the. Rev. G. Lawrence, vicar of Luinsden, who took as his text chapter xxiii., verses 15 to 17, of the second book of Samuel: “ And David longed and said, Oh that one would give me drink of the water of the well of Bethlehem, which is by the gate. And the three mighty men brake through the hosts of the Philistines and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem that was by the gate, and took it and brought it to David: nevertheless, he would not drink therefrom, but poured it out unto the Lord. And he said, Be it far from me, 0 Lord, that 1 should do this; is not this the blood of the men that went in jeopardy of their lives? Therefore he would not drink it. These things did these three mighty men.” Beloro the Great War, said Mr Lawrence, the world had a very vdguo conception of the full meaning of the word patriotism, duty, and sacrifice. The instances of valour contained in the story of the charge of the Light Brigade, in Nelson's message to his men at the Battle of Trafalgar, and in Scott’s famous words found in Ids diary after he had met his death would be remembered for all time, hut it was not until the Groat War that the true significance of the words duty and sacrifice was brought to every home in the civilised world. The speaker went on to draw a vivid picture of the tragedy and colossal waste of war, its futility and inhumanitv. During the conllict of 1914-18 1,000,000 British soldiers were killed and 2,000,000 were wounded. Of those 2,000,000, 40,000 men lost limbs, another 40,000 were made deaf, 6,000 were driven permanently insane, and 2,000 were blinded. The total mortality of the war was 10,000,000, whilst twice that number were wounded. The marine warfare had resulted in the loss of 18,000,000 tons of /shipping. Passing on to the significance of Anzac Day and its commemoration, Mr Lawrence dwelt on the results of the great sacrifice which had been made by those comrades who had not returned. By that sacrifice the people of this country and of the Empire were able to retain freedom of thought and of action. The names of those comrades would be deathless, and fifty years lienee, when the truth in history was revealed, the Muse would sing'of King George of England, Jolfre of France, Mussolini of Rome, and Wilson of America, and dipping her pen in the sunlight would write in the clear blue above them all the name ot the patriot and the soldier, ‘‘ Anzac.” At the conclusion of the service the Second Cadet Battalion Band, under Lieutenant Napier, played the ‘ Last Rost’ and the ‘Reveille,’ alter which (ho Benediction was pronounced by Bishop Richards. The offertory is to be given to the Returned Soldiers’ Association. AT KNOX CHURCH CHRISTIAN CONGREGATION’S SERVICE Under the auspices of the Council of Christian Congregations, a well-at-tended service was held at Knox Church in the morning. The Rev. E. S. Tuckwell, president of the council, presided, while the Rev. J. Pringle read the lesson, and the Rev. E. P. Aderman voiced the main prayer. At the conclusion of the service the ‘ Last Most ’ was sounded. The hymns were ‘O God, Our Help,’ ‘O Love that Will Not Let Me Go,’ and ‘The Sou of God (foes Forth to War.’ The National Anthem was sung at the commencement of the service. The address of the_ day was given by the Rev. H. Daniel, who said:— “ We are hero to-day in memory of Anzne. We never will forget Auzac, for we would not, if wo could, and we could not if we would. As long as Britishers admire bravery, love freedom, retain the passionate love of liberty which has always characterised them, for just so long will the exploits of Anzac on the part, both of the dead and Hie living, remain an imperishable memory.” The speaker went on to speak of the surging .thought that coursed

through the, mind on such a day of memory. Briefly he touched on the recruiting, the groat historic landing, with its epic experiences, the life on the peninsula. Then he passed rapidly on to review the other theatres of the war, and referring to the black March of 1918, when, for a while, it seemed that the terrific sacrifice was in vain, and dark ruin and defeat stared us in the face. The men who faced all this were great lovers. 11, service was the measure of Jove, none loved more than they. Loving their own land, they left‘it to die lor it. Wc thought of them as they then wore—in the camps in New Zealand, the life on shipboard, in the desert and towns of Egypt, in the cobbled streets of Belgium, in the war-torn areas of France, and in the trenches at grey dawn, when, shivering in the cold and slush, they waited for the word of command to go over the top. The preacher thought of them as truly described by the French peasants and refugees, as “the big brown men with the kind smile and soft hearts.” The speaker thought of their cheerfulness and of their songs and laughter. They went with songs into battle, and they were young, straight of limb, true of eye, steady, and aglow. Thcv were staunch to the end against odds uncounted. They shall not grow old, as wo who are left grow old; Age shall not wither them, nor the years condemn. At the going down of the sun and in tho morning, We will remember them. Tliev slept well beside the blue waters of the Mediterranean, in Egypt, Gallipoli, and France. In a day like this only their blurred outline was seen through a mist of tears. The sorrowing loved ones must not be forgotten, nor the many who had returned, broken and maimed in body, for whom the day of life was weary and the'time long. But the nations were now heading in another direction, when with the new spirit, of peace and of good-will which surely was coming in—for many were wonting and praying for it—disarmament and mutual trust would prevail. Let all work for the success of every movement which would make for the coming of the Christ, the Prince of Peace. The address had just enough of the realism of experience in it to make it glow with the actualities of the war, while it was a very fine tribute to those who had participated in the epic struggle. AT THE SYNAGOGUE PLEA FOR UNIVERSAL BROTHERHOOD The Rev. A. Aster officiated at the service of the Dunedin Synagogue, and Mrs D. Falck was at the organ. Several Psalms appropriate to the occasion were introduced, and after offering the customary prayer for the King and the Royal Family, Mr Astor read special prayers for those members of the ■ congregation and other who had fallen in battle. Taking as his text Psalm 29, verse ii.: “Tho Lord will give strength unto His people; the Lord will bless His people with peace.” Mr Astor said: “ We AC'-, once more assembled on this so Icm i: day to commemorate an event; that has gen© down to history as one o; the i-.rsfc grave and gloric “i in the Great War. The story of Anzac has been described as one of tragic splendour, of deeds unsurpassed in the annals of war, of superhuman effort in the face of insuperable odds and difficulties, ’ of a magnificent defeat. !t is an immortal epic that stirs our hearts to-day, and will continue to stir tho hearts of men down through tho ages. Because of its peculiar difficulties, because the immediate object was not achieved, ‘Auzac’ stands out clear cut in history. Actions on other fronts even more costly in men have been forgotten by those who took no part in them, but this brief campaign still stirs our imagination. It will not and cannot ever be forgotten. To-day Gallipoli presents a scene of peaceful calm and tranquility. Among the silent valleys and on the hills, where few men pass by, the Imperial War Graves Commission has erected monuments in honour of the glorious dead—symbols of service and devotion to those who have departed, yet still live. But while perpetuating the memory of those who fell they also stand as a warning to posterity, to show how great is the cost of settling international disputes by force of arms. They were erected with the hope that it is for the last time that the earth will need to he girdled with cemeteries of those slain in war. “The observance of Anzac Day is designed—lest wo forgot. Yet those of us who lived during those years of slaughter and carnage, of maiming and wounding, of the abrogation of Jaw and tho suspension of all amenities between man and man, will surely, until death enshrouds us, never forget. But the observance may help to sharpen memories, for there is nothing so readily forgotten as pain and sorrow. It may do good, ,too, in instructing our young who are now growing up and who were unborn when the great disaster fell upon Hie earth. For years to come this day will be remembered—this day, fifteen years ago, when the flower of the manhood of Australia aud New Zealand landed on tho coast of Gallipoli'and, after bravely fighting against great odds, passed fearlessly into the Valley of the Shadow of Death. “On this day, year after year, those glorious dead of Gallipoli call to us— Lest We Forget. Lest we forget what it was that they fought for—the righteousness aud peace ot the world. And it is for us who are left behind to see to it that their sacrifices shall not have been in vain. Though over a decade has passed since the end of the Great War, the world is'still in a most unsettled stale. There is still much combustible material about and it still looks as though the-lesson of the dread conflict had not completely driven itself into the general consciousness. It still, seems that it would take little to set nations lighting with each other again. Responsible statesmen and publicists openly declare that there will be another war unless tho nations amend their ways. Surely not a political amendment only, but something more stable, more personal, more human—diminished suspicion and distrust, a stronger feeling of goodwill, an enhanced sense of brotherhood among the nations. The League of Nations which draws its constituents from nearly all the peoples of the world, is striving to make war impossible. But what is needed- in order to change tho face of the world permanently for the better is to create or to deepen the peace spirit among men, to create a peace atmosphere, and this is beyond the power of the League of Nations, for this is a matter which touches the soul, the world’s soul, the soul of every man and woman in the world. 'There is only one force that can roach man’s soul, and that force is religion. The power that represents the best in human thought and endeavour, whether it Lakes shape in the God idea, or in striving after the highest selfexpression and self-realisation of whjcli man is capable, can alone appeal with full effect and with real chance of success on behalf of universal humanity and peace, and so, if the world is to be

saved, it must be through a call to its spirit, to its highest powers, to its sense of duty, of solidarity, of dignity, of manhood. Men must be reminded that they have and are fellow-mcu. The people of the world must be taught that their holiest obligations as human beings is justice, peacefulness, and love, and that to refuse those obligations is a sin against their better selves and against their fellow-men. Tho world must be taught that war is a crime which not only deals out suffering and death, not only ravages smiling lands and ruins human lives, but drags man down to the level of the brute. These lessons the world must learn if the efforts of such a body as the League of Nations is to meet with real success, and religion, whether it be in .synagogue, church, or mosque, is the one and only voice that can bring home to the world the message and the conviction. To-day more than ever “a new heart and a new spirit” is needed, which will bring nearer the realisation of the ideals of our prophets, that the instruments of war will be turned into tools of peace, when nation will no longer lift up sword against nation, and all peoples will join in one great universal brotherhood, remembering that “we have all one Father, that one God created us all.” FIRST GHURGH SERVICE A second service arranged _ by the Council of Christian Congregations was held in First Church last night, when a large congregation gath'ered. After tho singing of the National Anthem the Rev. E. S. Tuckwell, who presided, engaged in a prayer of invocation, and this was followed by the hymn ‘ O God of Bethel.’ The Rev. E. J. Tipler read from the eleventh and twelfth chapters of Hebrews. After a prayer by the Rev.. A. C. Lawry, Mr A. P. Desmoulins sang ‘Thou Art Passing Hence, My Brother,’ and the next hymn was ‘ Lead, Kindly Light.’ Pastor W. D. More, who preached the sermon, took as his text I. Corinthians vi., 19 and 20: “ Ye are not your own. Ye are bought with a price.” A price, he said, was paid for what was called atonement, and this commemorative day served as a reminder that a price had also been paid by many in a tragic fashion. Others had paid a great price because they had come back maimed in body or broken in nerve or mind. This taught the lesson that there was greater fortitude than,.the will to die. Not only men, but women, had paid the price. They kept the memory of sacrifice locked away in their hearts. One of the things’ that the men at tho front had taught was that one could not readily forget. These men had shown an unconquerable courage, and theirs had been an unshakeable optimism. This was just as necessary in life to-day. After the hymn ‘Fight the Good Fight’ had been sung Dr V. E. Galway played ‘Flowers of the Forest,’ which was followed by the benediction and ‘The Last Post.’ It was announced that the offerings at both services would be devoted to the Poppy Day fund. MAORI HILL SERVICE ADDRESS BY MR C. M. GILRAY. Auzac Day was commemorated on Maori Hill by a combined church service in the Presbyterian Church, conducted by the Rev. A. C, IV, Standage, assisted by the Revs. A. M. Finlayson, D. Dutton (late chaplain of the forces), and F. E. Foot (Methodist), while Mr Colin M. Gilray (principal of John M'Glashan College) gave tho address. Mr Chas. A. Martin officiated at the organ, and the floral decorations were in tho capable hands of the Misses Hogg. .Wreaths of remembrance were received from the Sunday School and members of the congregation. The pupils of the. Maori. Hill School, with those from Columba and John M'Glashan Colleges, were present in force, making the gathering a large and memorable one. lii reminding the congregation that this was_ the fifteenth anniversary of Hie lauding of the troops on Gallipoli Peninsula, Mr Gilriiy said that the very statement of the lapse of time caused one to pause. To those who would feel pride in their race he recommended the reading of Masefield’s ‘ Gallipoli.’ “ What we primarily commemorate to-day,” he continued, “ is the fact that men from these shores were found ready and willing to sacrifice not only their possessions, but all their interests, ambitions, aspirations, and affections, and to devote themselves utterly to the common weal. At the same time, we must not forget those who took less prominent service, even those who were left behind to wait anxiously and often, alas, in vain for the returntef their loved ones. In time to come men will wonder at the sacrifice of Auzac, and at the power in the ideas of freedom and honour which could draw men so many thousands of miles from their homes to risk all that these blessings might be preserved. Auzac proved that the spirit of devotion aud self-dedica-tion could triumph oyer the most frightful odds. Their responsibility then was great, and their lesson, to strive to rise above the satisfaction of personal desire, to review their aspirations and aims in the light of tho welfare of mankind. It was fitting that they should acknowledge their indebtedness and solemnly dedicate themselves to promote the good life in this land, a land which gave them such full opportunities, thanks to those who had put the high ■ cause of freedom and honour above all else. NORTH-EAST VALLEY PRESBYTERIANS The Anzac Day service, arranged by the North-east Valley Ministers’ Association, held in the North-east Valley Presbyterian Church', was attended by a large congregation, including pupils from the North-east Valley School. The service was conducted by Principal A. L. Hnddon, of Hie Church of Christ Bible College. The Rev. G. Miller engaged in prayer, and Adjutant O- E. Ransom read the Scripture lesson. The address was given by the Rev. A. Anstice, of the North-east Valley Baptist Church. MOSGIEI Bright sunshine favoured the Anzac Day celebrations at Mosgiel. Some hundreds of people watched the parade of Municipal and Pipe Bands, Returned Soldiers, Territorials, Cadets, school children, and friendly societies. A combined religious service was held in the Coronation Hall, at which the mayor (.Mr VV. E. M‘Lean), borough counciltors, and representatives of the Co*"ity Council were present. The ceremony at live fallen soldiers’ memorial consisted of the. _ general salute, Highland lament by Taieri Pipe Band, leading the roll of honour by

Mr Hanlin, a hymn played by Mosgiel Municipal Band, and the placing of wreaths on the memorial. The ‘Last Post ! and ‘ Reveille ’ were sounded by Mr White, and the procession then marched to the Coronation Hall, where a combined religious service was held. The Rev-. A. C. Watson was chairman, and the memorial service opened with the National Anthem and a prayer of invocation by the chairman. ‘ O God Our Help in Ages Past’ was sung. Mr J. M'Bryde presided at the organ. The Rev. M. Bayliss read the Scripture lesson from the Epistle to the Hebrews, chapter ii., and the Rev. W. E. Lambert led in praper. Rev. C. Kennedy (Mosgiel Presbyterian Church) was the principal speaker, and he took as his text ‘ Lest We Forget.’ 'They were gathered on this day of solemn and grateful remembrance, he said, to pay tribute to the heroic dead, and to give honour to the maimed, blinded, and shattered living. It was well that they should (.have such a service as this, when they could recite together, as it were, the story of their love and self-sacrifice, and of their achievements. Such a service slvould not be sentimental but sacramental, and sacred to them. The speaker called to remembrance the wondrous response in tin hour of the nation’s peril; and the more wondrous spirit of Jove and self-sacrifice in which men had laid their all on the altar of patriotism. They had died for home and friends. He emphasised the fact that these men believed —whatever might be thought to-day—that the war had been a righteous war, a war to end war, and were supported in their sufferings by tbe firm belief that it was the last time. If they did not succeed in bringing war to an end, one should not discredit them or their achievements. It should be remembered that it was for no mean, paltry issue that they had thus died; but for a holy cause. He referred to their achievements and illustrated how they had gained all that they made it possible to retain. They were told that another war would see the same spirit! and the same heroism, but why should they have to wait for the ghastly orgy of war to discover that men were heroes still? They must find a way in peace. They must discover how in the plain prosaic paths of common life there was urgent need for courage and heroism. The roll of honour was again read which was followed by a minute’s silence as a mark of respect to the memory of the fallen, and after a final hymn, the benediction was pronounced by the rev chairman. REQUIEM MASS Following the usual, custom, there was a solemn requiem mass at St. Mary’s Catholic Church at 9 a.m., at which there was a large congregation. The Rev. Father . Maguire was celebrant, the P.ev. Father M‘Mahon deacon, and the Rev. George Lockwood sub-deacon, and the Rev. E. Fahey was master of ceremonies. The students of Holy Cross College assisted in the sanctuary. The college choir (under the, Rev. Father O’Meeghan) sang the music of the Mass and appropriate hymns. The organist played the ‘Dead March’ at the close of the service. The sermon for the occasion was preached by the Rev. Father Robinson, C.S.S.R., who is at present on a visit to Mosgiel. PQRT CHALMERS Reverence, gratitude, and gladness were the keynotes of the Anzac Day memorial services held yesterday at Port Chalmers. The self sacrifice of those who died was reverently recalled; indebtedness to them was gratefully acknowledged, and the hope that the world would be the better for it was gladly expressed. Round the marble ‘ cenotaph on which is inscribed the names <.f those who gave their lives, the principal part of the memorial service was conducted. Down at the wharves the ships’ flqgs drooped at half mast in solemn tribute to the national day of remembrance. At 10.30 a.m. a procession of bands, Territorials, cadets, girl guides, boy scouts, and friendly societies was marshalled at the Garrison Hall and marched to the Presbyterian Church, where the religious; portion of the public memorial service was conducted. The Rev. W. M. Grant conducted the service, and the, church choir and organ led the singing of ‘ God of Our Fathers. ‘For All the Saints,’ and the National Anthem. ‘ Whence Came They? ’ was the memorial anthem. The Rev. J. W. M'Kenae, M.M., 8.A., C.F., led the prayer of thanks for the Empire and all its blessings; praj*iug for divine comfort to those whose hearts were sad on the day of anniversary, and finally asking for divine blessing on the League of the Naval Conference, and all other movements making for the peace of the world. _ In an inspiring address Mr McKenzie said that the church was always full on Anzac Day. and little wonder, for it was our great day, and moved us more deeply than any other in our colonial history. Somehow it seemed to lift us out of littleness and compelled ns to face the big things. Anzac Day with its appeal to the noble virtue of patriotism could not be ignored, for a man who did not love his country or feel pride in’ his heritage was to be pitied. But because a man loved his own country he should not distrust or hate the men of other lands, for the man who did that was not a patriot, he was a menace to the welfare of the world. The true patriot gave his life, love, and service for his country, and endeavoured to make it a better land, and by noble living to make his country worth its place in the world. Anzac Day was a sad one for thousands in this country. It recalled the nightmare days of war and its anxieties, when the beauty of the vision of what might have been was melted in teprs. We remembered our dead with gratitude, and recalled with, pride their service and their sacrifice. They died that we should be free, and bequeathed to Tis the duty of freeing the world from the old "selfishness which found its consummation in misery and bloodshed. Unselfish living was .a sacred obligation, and if we did not learn to live up to something of the unselfishness of those w)m died, we were unworthy to participate in the celebration of Anzac Day. The dream of the age was now world peace, because war had ' sickener! the world, but human nature was the stumbling block. However, the man was blind who could not see that human nature was always changing, and a strong’ deep conviction such as that of human brotherhood would change the human outlook and make world peace possible. Men were made to bo brothers, and the Master Man was the Prince of Peace. At the Cenotaph Lieutenant L. F. Smith conducted the service in the pre-, sence of the mayor (Mr W. G. Love) and borough councillors. Appropriate music was played by the Kaikorai Band while the wreaths were being deposited on the Cenotaph. - The Bugle and Trumpet Band of the 2nd Cadet Battalion, Ofago Regiment, under the command of Lieutenant J. L. Napier, gave its usual impressive renderings of ‘ Last Post ’ and ‘ Reveille.’

SCHOOL SERVICES MUSSELBURGH. As in past years a commemoration service was Held in the Musselburgh School grounds, where a gathering of several hundred pupils, parents, and residents paid tribute to the troops who fell at Gallipoli. From the steps at the front of the school Mr E. S. Wilson (chairman of the school committee) said that it was a regrettable fact that the attendance was not as large as last year, but he was sure the service wpuld be full of reverence and convey its message of the meaning of Anzac Day to the children. He introduced Lieutenant-colonel A. S. Falconer, D;S.O., M.C., officer commanding the Otago Regiment, who was the principal speaker. After a children’s hymn, * Land of Our Birth,’ the Rev. A. C. Lawry (iu the absence of the Rev.. R. Scott Allan) read the lesson from the second book of Samuel, chapter xxiii., commencing at the thirteenth verse. This was followed by four verses of ‘ Stand Up, Stand Up For Jesus.’ Lieutenant-colonel Falconer then addressed those present, giving an inspire* ing talk, which, whilst being, delivered in a manner that could be fully understood by the children, was instructive and gave ah- insight into the horrors with which soldiers were confronted. He pictured to his listeners some of the sacrifices of the New Zealand and Australian boys, fathers, and (towards the latter end of the war) grandfathers who went to the front. It was not only the men who lost their lives who were to be remembered, but he wished the gathering to understand that there were thousands of troops returned, some maimed, some minus limbs, others minus sight, and a great many broken in health. He then referred to the significance of the date, April 25, which besides being Anzac Day was the birth of New Zealand as a nation. War was a shocking business, and some nations were doing all in their power to prevent future outbreaks, an£ he hoped that when the younger generation became of age they would carry on with the strenuous efforts of their elders in the prevention of war. Tho Rev. Stanley Jenkin led in prayer, after which ‘ God Defend New Zealand ’ was sung. The Rev. .Wingfield pronounced the Benediction, Miss Irene M‘Lean (a pupil of the school who lost her father at Gallipoli), placed a wreath on the roll of honour. The service was brought to a fitting conclusion by a march past the roll of honour by tke school pupils, each saluting the slab. ALBANY STREET. A service was held in the morning at the Albany Street Associated Nor- , mak School playground, Mr W. J. Thompson, chairman of the School Committee,' presiding over a representative attendance. After the singing of the National Anthem and ‘God Our Help in Ages Past ’ prayer was said by the Rev. Mr Hocking, and the singing of Kipling’s ‘ Recessional ’■ was followed by an appropriate address by Mr A. M'Hutchon, immediate past president of the R.S.A. After the singing of ‘For All the Saints,” the scholars assembled in front of the school, where preaths were placed on the memorial by the staff, scholars, committee, parents," and Ex-pupils-Association. The sounding- ol tbe ‘ Last Post ’ was followed by the march past in column. The school brass hand, under Mr A. Alloo, played during the service. NORTH-EAST VALLEY. A very large gathering was present at the Anzac service at the North-east Valley School Memorial Arch yesterday morning. Tho ceremony opened with tho singing of the hymn * 0 God, Our Help in Ages Past.’ Owing to the unavoidable absence of Mr A. E. Ansell, M.P., chairman of the Memorial Arch Committee, from jjkhom an apology was received, the chair was occupied ny Mr Hugh Begg, chairman of the School-' Committee. : i Adjutant Ransom offered up a prayer, anti the chairman called upon Major J, M‘Crae to address the gathering. Major M‘Crae said that when the New Zealand and Australian troops landed on the shores of Gallipoli on April 25, 1915, it was the first great . enterprise in which the New Zealand troops had taken part in the Great War, and that fact made it an occasion that we should never forget, because it was such an outstanding day in our history. It was chosen as the day on which we should remember all the'men and women who made the great sacrifice in the war. Anzac Day was therefore first of all a day of remembrance. We remembered them with pride; how when our Empire was in danger they nobly responded to the call. They left the if homes and everything that was dear to them. We know how they upheld the very highest traditions as soldiers. Many of those men were the fathers, brothers, and cousins .of the present children, who as boys had been pupils of the school. While hating war, with all the pain, misery, and suffering it Brought in its train, on , this day of remembrance we honoured the valour, sacrifice, endurance, and comradeship that were shown by our men. As an instance Major M'Crae explained that his battalion was relieving a Highland regiment in a very hot part of the line which had gone into the line ten days before 600 strong. They had had a very trying time in the line, and their casualties had been very heavy. When relieved they were under 200, and apparently worn out with fatigue. It was right and fitting that we should ask ourselves on this day wliaf were the ideals our men fought for. They were all familiar with those lines in ‘Flanders Field’ where the writer said: “If ye break faith with us that died we shall not sleep, though poppies grow in Flanders field.’’ What did the writer mean by breaking faith? Was it sending up reinforcements ? No; it was to put an end to war for all time and to make this world a better place to live in, and we were breaking faith with those who died if we were not doing all we can to promote the cause fif peace and goodwill in the world; Love of country did not mean hating other countries. We should be proud of living in such a beautiful country as New Zealand under the British Flag. We owed a duty to out country just as we owed a duly to our homes and our parents. When the call came to New Zealand tho young . men answered it promptly, though the task meant suffering and sacrifice. The hymn ‘Rock of Ages’ was then sung, and the Rev. George Miller pronounced the blessing. The ‘Last Post’ was sounded by Mr George Christie. Several floral tributes were then hung on the arch. ' , . , The service was -concluded with the plaving of the National Anthem by the" North-east Valley School _ Band, under the baton of Mr Les. Elliot. normal. A service in commemoration of Anzac Day was held at the Normal . School yesterday. In addition to the staff and pupils of the school, the committee and a fairly large number of the parents of the pupils attended. The proceedings commenced with the singing of the National, Anthem, after which the ‘ Children’s Song ’ (Kipling) was sung by the school, all standing at the salute during tho last verse. After

■ a moment’s silence a boy a n< T a fell out from each class and, two lines, advanced to the base or _ “ Union Jack and deposited wraths p - pared by their classmates At Urn con elusion of the ceremony the reformed and arranged these around the school fallen sold inorial tablet. "i ~ + i,a Bov A nraver was offered up tj tue rvev. ginning il 10n ‘ the Rev. C. Mead delivered to children. He spoke of 1 the sacrifice made by the fallen of their lives and by.-the returned men m niany cases of their health and powers. He said that to en l°y ty ß wO , • , our heritage, it was for the living to show a like spirit. To end war the minds of all must have the spirit of unselfishness moving them. They must bo dedicated to it. Such a dedication, he said, was a pledge of oneself to the cause of mankind. What a country needed most of all was such a , manhood and womanhood, and by the spirit of goodwill alone would war be ended. , The singing of the Dosology and the Benediction brought the ceremony to a close. MORNINGTON. At the memorial service held at the Mornington School yesterday 11191111112 there was a good attendance of local residents, also Girl Guides under Captain Pickard, and Boy Scouts and Cubs under Scoutmaster Woodcock. The main address was delivered by the Bev. Mr Fisher, who spoke feelingly and expressively on the duty of the citizens towards the Anzacs. Prayers were offered by the Revs. L. North and R. Richards, and the singing was led by the school band under Mr Eagar. Hie school children, headed by the band, then marched to the memorial arch, where wreaths were placed on the gates. The Last Post was sounded, and the service closed with the Na--1 tional Anthem. •TAINUI. - The commemoration of those who fell at Anzac and in all theatres of war Was held at the Tainui School in the morning. The chairman of the. School Committee (Mr James Donaldson) occupied the chair. There was a full muster of pupils, and an excellent turn out of parents and friends. Mr A. Laing, an ex-president and life member 'of. the Returned Soldiers’. Association, gave an inspiring address to. the children on the meaning of Anzac. His remarks would, undoubtedly leave in the minds of the younger people present a ' desire for no more war, and a perpetuating of the memory of those who sacrificed their lives for humanity’s sake and a fair deal for those suffering from the war’s effects. A most impressive service' was concluded by the sounding of th. 3 ‘Last Post’ and the ‘Reveille.’ PORTOBELLO. \ A combined service was held in the Coronation Hall, Portobello, under the auspices of the Ipcal Ratepayers’ Association. , Representatives from the various lodges and Returned Soldiers’ Association were present. The Rev. = W. M‘Arthur conducted the , service, and Mr W. B. Steel gave an interesting and stirring address on the lines of remembrance and commemoration. A collection in aid oF_ Poppy Day funds was taken up, which amounted to £‘4 os 6d. . . ■ ' " f MACANDREW ROAD. The services at the Macandrew Road Scliool was arranged by representatives 1 from the staff, the School Committee, : and the Ex-Scholars’ Association, and was conducted by the _ ministers who attend the school for Bible lessons. Mr F. Stuckey represented the Education Department. Canon Button, the Revs. W. G. M‘Dowell, J. A. Lochore, and Adjutant Brown taking part in the - service, and Mr P. L. Anderson representing the Returned Soldiers’ Association. The ‘Last Post’ was sounded, and wreaths, presented by_ the school and the Ex-Scholars’ Association, were placed on the roll of honour by Masters Murray and Forrester, Mr A. H. Robinson accompanied the hymns, and ’ the senior scholars led the singing. FORBURY. Mr J. T. Roberts (president of the School Committee) presided over the Anzac Day services at the Forbury School yesterday morning. There was a large attendance of scholars and parents present. _ The, children were marched to their position under the charge of their respective teachers. Two wreaths were placed on the memorial gateway by the prefects. Mr Aderman (pastor of the _ Church of Christ) conducted the service, and the school brass hand, under Mr Brown, accompanied the singing.

OBSERVANCE ELSEWHERE ' THEIR EXCELLENCIES ATTEND WELLINGTON SERVICES. [Pan United Press Association.] WELLINGTON, April 25. The Anzac Day services were con* ducted to-day in fine but overcast weather. At the service this morning before the temporary cenotaph fronting Parliament Buildings the GovernorGeneral read the Anzac Day message from His Majesty the King, which is as follows On this day, devoted to the glorious memory or those who fell at Gallipoli, the Queen and I are proud to join m sympathy with my people in Australia and in New Zealand.— George R.T. The service, which was attended by a: very large crowd, was conducted by the Rev H. E. K, Fry, of the. Church of England, and the address was delivered by the Rev. J. R. Blanchard, Presbyterian minister. During the service floral tributes were laid at the foot of tho cenotaph, including u wreath from General Sir lan Hamilton, bearing the following inscription:— In affectionate remembrance of my fallen comrades.- —lan Hamilton. In the afternoon a special service, presided over by the mayor (Mr 6. A. Troup), was held in the Town Hall for the next-of-kin. The address was delivered by the Rev. T. Fielden Taylor. The service concluded with the band playing ‘The Garland of Flowers' and the sounding of tho ‘Last Post. Her Excellency, Lady Bledisloe, was present at the service. . Also in the afternoon the Basin Reserve was crowded, where tho Rev. H. E. K. Fry also delivered the address. The service was attended by His Excellency the Governor-General. There was a large muster of returned soldiers, Territorials,' Cadets, Scouts, and Girl Guides at, the various services. The Governor-General has sent .the following reply to tho message received ■from His Majesty the King on the occasion of Anzac Day : Your Majesty’s gracious message has been communicated to the people of New; Zealand,, .who; appreciate

. most deeply the knowledge that the thoughts of your Majesty and the Queen are with them in their services on this day of hallowed memories. The following Anzac Day messages , nceii received and despatched by the New Zealand military forces From Field-marshal Sir William Birdwood. Commander-in-Chief in India, to the General Officer commanding the New Zealand military forces;—“ I shall be grateful if you will once more convey to my old comrades my greetings on Anzac Day. They will know without my saying more how much I shall be thinking of them, while wo will all have in our thoughts those who have gone before in upholding the honour of our Empire Please also convey my sincere greetings tp the people of New Zealand, with my best wishes to them for happiness and prosperity during many years to come.” Reply from Major-general Young to Field-marshal Sir William Birdwood: — “Your Anzac Day message gratefully appreciated. It has been conveyed to all old comrades and the people of Now Zealand, who heartily reciprocate by sending you their sincere and good Wishes of remembrance of Anzac.” To General Sir Alexander Godley, Governor of Gibraltar, from Majorgeneral Young:—“New Zealand forces send greetings and remembrances of Anzac.” The following message has been received by the Minister of Defence (Mr Cobbe) from General Godley:—“Please convey my greetings to all Anzao comrades.” From the Defence, Wellington, to the Defence, Melbourne“ New Zealand forces send kindliest greetings and remembrances to Australian comrades on the anniversary of Anzac.”

OTHER N.Z. CENTRES CHRISTCHURCH. The Anzac Day celebrations in tho city to-day followed the procedure of previous years. There was the march out of Cadets and Territorials, of whom 3.000 paraded, and these, led by returned soldiers to the number of about 1,000, marched from Cranmer square to King Edward Barracks, where the returned soldiers’ service was held. The Territorials anil Cadets did not enter the barracks, but marched to Hagley Park, where an open-air service was held. The Minister of Health (Mr Stallworthy) was one of the speakers at tho service in the barracks. TIMARU. Services in commemoration of Anzac Day were held in most of the primary and secondary schools this morning. Though the weather was dull and threatening in the afternoon, thousands attended the public memorial service in Main Park. The parade was one of the largest ever held. The church services were also largely attended. INVERCARGILL. Anzac Day was celebrated in Invercargill in the customary manner, largo crowds attending the services. Fine weather prevailed. New Plymouth.—The Anzac Day service in Piikekura Park was held in brilliant sunshine, and in tho presence of 10,000 people. Wanganui.—A feature of tho Anzac Dav services in Wanganui was the special Maori commemoration at Moutoa Gardens, a spot closely associated with the early history of the district. Tho service, was partly conducted in the Maori language, but tho chief speaker was Archdeacon Creed Meredith, of the Anglican church. A combined church service in Cook’s Gardens in the afternoon was attended by about 7.000 people. Westport.—A service of conuuemora* tion was held in the Theatre Royal this afternoon by tho Westport Ministers’ Association, Tho Mayor \Mr J. H. Harkness) presided. An impressive address was given by tho Rev. O. A. Foston (Wesleyan), and assisting him were the Rev. J. W. Bloyce (Anglican), the Rev. A. Miller (Presbyterian), and Captain Risley (Salvation Army). After the service a parade consisting of a firing party of returned soldiers, tho Senior and Junior Cadets, Girl Guides, and Brownies took place to the gates of remembrance, where a further brief service was held, concluding with the * Last Post ’ and the National Anthem.

Greymouth.—The usual Anzac Day services were held to-day. A largelyattended gathering at the Town Hall included returned soldiers, Territorials, and Cadets, who marched through tho central streets. At the combined service the address was delivered by the Rev. T. N. Cuttle. After the service the cenotaph was visited, and there numerous wreaths were placed, including one by'’the Mayor on behalf of (be citizens. The war graves at Karoro Cemetery were also visited. A service was conducted at the main school at 10 a.m., when Archdeacon Jermyn delivered an address, and wreaths were placed on the memorial gates.

SYDNEY COMMEMORATION Anzac Day was observed in Sydney under a brilliant sun, and there was a wonderful commemoration of the suffering and sacrifice of Australians and Now Zealanders on tho grim shores ot Gallipoli fifteen years ago, a day that marked the “ blooding ,T of the young nations, and evolved a new name to be added to the honoured list in British history. Before dawn the first tribute to the memory of fallen comrades was laid on the cenotaph in Martin placo by the Australian Legion of Ex-servico Clubs, with a brief prayer. • Despite its brevity this gathering of 4DO to 500 men in the half-light, like that out of which the flame-flecked landscape of Ariburnu gradually grew on that never-to-be-forgotten morning, was among the most impressive of many that followed it to-day. By parties and individually they came, with floral tokens of remembrance from hearts still aching but proud of the sacrifice their dear ones weio strong-enough to make when tho call cams. Later there was a march ol 20,000 men—naval men, military units, and returned soldiers—with many bands. The diggers had inarched, many of them, along tho same route years ago, but their mission then was one of gnm determination to uphold the ideals that were threatened. To-day, unarmed, they moved to the cenotaph to pay a silent tribute to those who inarched away with them on that occasion, and did not return. Prom Martin place the precession wound its way to the Domain, where a great combined memorial service was held, this being attended by many thousands of citizens. A contingent of ex-soldiers of New Zealand occupied a prominent position in the march, and laid a wreath on the cenotaph in memory of comrades who sleep in foreign fields. Afterwards, Mr W, R. Blow, the Government agent, placed a, wreath on behalf of the Government and people of the dominion. Special services were held in the various churches, including St. Andrew’s, Anglican, and St. .Mary’s Homan Catholic.'Cathedrals, while every .suburban country centre had its appropriate,celebrations. Similar commemorations took fljace in other States and in Cajiberra.

OBSERVANCE IN LONDON WREATHS OH CEHOTAPH SERVICE AT ST. CLEMENT LANES. Pr«M A*sooiation —By Telegraph—Copyright. LONDON, April 25. (Received April 26, at 9.45 a.m.) Largo numbers participated in the Anzac Day ceremonies. The Australian cricketers, at the earliest possible moment, laid a wreath on the Cenotaph. The wreath, which was placed by Woodfull, consisted of wattle and poppies, inscribed: “in memory. From the Australian cricketers.” Hundreds were unable to gain admission to St. Clement Danes, which was packed half an hour before the service. The Venerable J. W. Ward (ex-Archdeacon of Goulburn) officiated. Mr Fenton and Sir Granville Ryrie j-ead the lessons. Mr Arthur Mason, of Sydney, presided at the organ, and Miss Eunice Meredith, a New Zealander, was the soloist. A representative congregation included Sir Jan Hamilton, Mr Wilford, Agonts-Gcneral, the Army, Navy, and Air Force liaison officers. The most impressive part of the services was when 300 cx-members of the forces formed a procession to the shrine, where Mr Fenton, on behalf of Australia, Colonel M. AV. J 3. Thomas, on behalf of New Zealand, and Woodfull, and Mr Kelly, on behalf of the cricketers, laid wreaths on the shrine. The congregation knelt while the Anzac hymn was sung. Before his address Air Ward read General Sir William Birdwood’s message and Sir Granville Ryrie’s reply. Mr AVard said: “ Anzac Day commemorates the making of two nations and sets up noble standards which it is our sacred duty to preserve.” Sergeant A. AV. Simpson sounded the ‘Last Post.’ The service terminated with. Chopin’s ‘Funeral March.’ Thousands of people looked on at the moving spectacle when Lord Plumer headed the distinguished assemblage and laid a wreath on the Cenotaph, while Sir Granville Ryrie and Mr AVilford did so on behalf of their respective Governments, the Bishop of Bathurst on behalf of the Returned Soldiers’ Association of Bathurst, Mr L. H. Pike on behalf of the Returned Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Imperial League of Australia, Mr A. G. Congrego for the South African Soldiers’ Association, New South AValcs, and Colonel Manning for the Western Australian R.S.S. An iced wreath from the Queensland Anzac Day Commemoration Committee glistened in the brilliant sunshine. During the afternoon Lady Foster, on behalf of the Now Zealand Victoria League, and Mrs Wilford. on behalf of the New Zealand Mothers’ Union, placed wreaths on the Cenotaph. COMMUNISTS IN EVIDENCE Pres* Association—By Telegraph—Cop)right. SYDNEY, April 26. (Received April 26, .at 10.20 a.m.) Communists were busy during the Anzac observances. A large force of police was sent to Cessnock when it was learnt that the lleds had arranged to hold a counter-Anzac demonstration. Returned men from Kurri and Weston rushed to Cessnock to reinforce the procession of Anzacs, tearing that the Communists might make a hostile demonstration. Permission was refused the Communists to hold a procession, so they adjourned to a vacant allotment, and a man, said to be a New Zealander, began an address. Ho was soon arrested and tbo police later broke up the meeting In Sydney pamphlets wore distributed stating, that Anzac Day served as a moans'to revive afresh the ideology of llril ish Imperialism, and to incite Lite masses will) the war lever. Forty. siHictators, mostly women, were overcome in the dense throng ipj Melbourne and fainted.