WHY AMERICA ENTERED THE-WAR

Evening Star, Issue 16780, 8 July 1918, Page 7

WHY AMERICA ENTERED THE-WAR

*~ FOR TBE PROTECTION OF WEAK NATIONS AMD IN DEFENCE OF EIGHT. miim INDICTMENT ©F HUN TREACHERY AMI) FRIGHTFULNESS. ~AN ARRESTING BCtCUiEiW.

The action of the United States Government in issuing an authoritative document in support of the President's policy it^ recommending Congress to declare war against the Teutonic Empires has universally endorsed. And no more fittingtime—the" anniversary of the Declaration of Independence—could have been chosen for circidatin„ n Bt tnh ihiiy toun tries this ill on natipg mcortro t tib " and irnpos ng •n-ai"-nrn»nt ox Hu« pt -fa and io-r tae exj < sure ot lu mm if old crimes a&aiust of Right read mirk aid ir m. dU di-,tbt this histmu. do umuit copious tit tions ur *a t that aecompanv it The o imotuttd Uxt u Mipptu.il b; Mr Guy S Kid Pi -cto- o th l> vision on Civic ana h-duv ill n d L-o op i n (Continued iron s a f widw i « t Even m tU t I'm n 1 trying to evirate th° u \o he i to put- the n st s en n n ui'crjrctt i n possible upen t K m o u e ' u ' their gouru la noi n in; 1 ti' tL >t t or purpu eof tie Ceir> n luj t t <l tts (who ;;ti io rmht i lmi nt of them as ;u (in t vi» ; u 1 ' it tnU i the selfi'n ft < mtnm nt t tt did v.-hat it p 1 ieU ii I tcld it pioi nothing. Bit tr>e\ hj i r ned ui part in itrviifc, to coinmi u> tit that that I o\f>rruiert nt an n l il frier.dsli o for ua 3 1 nun ict against oil 7- pea < ind cirtv it i i r venience , ) Fh.it t i in i *\ > enemies a<i rt u 'cu \ \ dL"> t intercepted rott to tr O nt m irmti nt Mcti o lit; u c oqn nt t wknc f t (31) A fr t'li u pi in Eurotie fc r 1 fomn-int in th t t \ u 1 fiml its'o .son ta s ril" lot; i Ktu n ka i-solji on int mi ot u 1 o i- is tributary of an v, Honaa Lun e IL re can be ro qutMi n an tho in re ot d inoeracy and ol nahoml 'u i hanging id the oji m. u tlit uu c • (22) Th° tamtJ K Liifinuii ite t posed by our Co%ejin x.t "Vlirch 1 it 'e ti merit that should hick i 0" u i nc t all Ameriearu Rn- etc t -n b c up rd on Janua'y 19 1317 it i tn-n r Ge run - and America e offi alb ;"rv good _runr and the dat-o was just three days before 31 r V.'ihon appeared in the Senate with hi> schema for a league to assure peace and ! jiistice to the world. ZimmermaiuTi admitted the authenticity of ilv* rota, and only deplored that it had been discovered. The significant nr.ris were thrss: •''Berlin. January 19. 1917. "On February 1 we intend to be-rm submarine warfare nnrestneted. In spite of this, it ia our intention to keep neutral ti;e United St;ite?= of America.

I have F.i.id nothing of the Governments ,'iilied with the, Imperial Government of €!enn:mv bocaus* they have not mad..' v-:u- iiti->n us or challenged lis to ck'fer.d our right and our honor. The A ust m- ffiiuipiriaii Government hns, in-

!<!oed, ii vowed its unqualified indorsement j atrd oci-eptanee of the reckless and lawless I submnrino warfare, (So) adopted now ;\ i out aiHcrui t, b; the Impciml Ger n til ( iui im nt id it his thtiofore 'i 11 i r)"s il hj for this Co;tiinient to . <. teiut latuowhli tho imbi'^iclor j uiU\ vi. nUU[ to taw Cinurnment h\ ■ 'i Irart'iil n-d Uc\ al (ou u„u(.n( of j Viibtiu Him in bit tl it GoMinmuit in ">ot fr i, s t 1 m warfare. I ii. mi t citw. ot the I mtoJ State on 1 thi e nd I taK the libutv fr tho 'ili on t 'f 1 < pi tnom i <ii u ' <. u it.'it l it) tJio uthonties At rii v \ ttt i this vit on'y \ r r ; e nit -ch a. \ for<td in'i it hi w tbtr ) no ctiifr nit w* ot hft id , i t, < i i "it ( I \ i li-a had ame"i wt cla,h wth tne X tk n tho Ariccna »asc 1 tijii 0 % ti \mt cm pvti Ilea I 1 ill i "9o il< intnVw at n tai \iM nn d n me lin u \m< i( in piotcsrs Vi U a pio n i i tcinn nd r t"i 'ib v li hj ali ( ttl itln l tj hj t iii r) th Unf hj vord it hj r i r 1 i \ (. nc I Oi \i i 8 L \utn pm 1 abn ci ii uu ic I man pt= uie bol i off rh ii at ai \ ith the I 1 1 b ar&= \ Imi ;i tn io vet on U 'uir ( oveni ill u i i w it, doi itc I*t ! r 'mm L 11 d< it 'a' tl -« | *- !i in 3t lurl v i ]t 11 hj tit' i i oi for in to (oi i,r i iv I. fii it <! 1 nut 1 ecu ■» u i \ t i if n r uu ; th tni Uv 1 1 i per i \i hj tt <icsiri. o in i n i turv or I ihj tnti « up i i , lut " i iic opj lion to v ini [Xi i l Ci ;t nin nt \n n in tl to \n di i ' id ition oi j5 i nam n I j n nt am n rinuin ni \ o re lit i in tno mi to ti i(l <.r t i « t ni i i -v\ ' (yb) md il rh u i itt n„ mm tao oath . i t ti i )' i mti i itv/ tl' turns ot mill a K tin Oct en ut ho;t;er |n rl 111l 11 b f" tip n tlit t "i" j ' i 11"- to 1 nut t this i-, mokep tcm I our hearts. We have borne with their ■ present Government through al! these I bitt-rr months because of that friendship, \ (»wreisin.'.r a patience and forbearance which would otherwise have been impossibie. to?) (SC) There fire now two Germnnses—the old. noble, idealistic Germany; the new, hard, materialistic nation, created by Pruseia. Americans would fnin love and recall the former.

Bjue i n I "f p«n a* ce o th ol n„ n-v t _J —T =i ill nak w toget 1 ii 1 Vi 1 p i~ nd t 4 K d I o o econq la. d i j» o o TLfl e P C n [ \ n -> o 1 ( ! o nu 1 C Japan. r hj c p 1 c b a e ft n d !o ivl ft n Is hj ' 1 a c re r <» „ o 1 -n b * P 1 1 /- n In la b nel P , !P 1. 1 3 1 1 1 c e a. t Tlo v it \ t T IT 1 ' t * I I 1 ' flu. inn El r 1 r t 1 c ( or n fo n lid cnei -i 1 I r the o -> to t ha t r n I hi -ed tr r n I tn i ab t to n rf tj. a ' u t r 1 [p j ii wf o e I o » na on t le r 1 It tp ten on i I t oo \\ nr v, W nn t u. v e Lnc ii 1 1 '« ete p t b nt hi t f re nit .ma " tf Id 1 tr.e 1 bc-at i o a t p-or « d t at t oris „ In I tn f. o e ifn r 1 re on of i t It 1 yj I I In T 1 con 1 -ie ~<~v <v ff f—i i> nil ' « nr A{ Br 1 hj 1 u-f-n n n jjp or t r able c e a o it pJ r -l. I tr« n dto »u 1 n <in. a I ■U T fii>! f n »11 i T p Cli c r lul ti « t ron 1 1 1 at * n " , , be t. r Gen n 1 o 1 C n n d T n I o rr r n 1 ii x e a b r t on tre v, x r> nl J I r> J be (Wir-ftD d hj \N p. 33.) The world must be made .-ate for ; d:-:n;o.:raey. Its peace must be planted i upot; the tested foundations of political j libertv. Wo have no selfish ends to ! servo.* We desire no conquest*, no do- j minion. We seek no indemnifies for j ourseivc.?, eq material compensation for \ t!:o i-a-crifieos wo shiill freely make. "Wc j are bat one of the champions of the j lights of mankind. We shall be satis- ! nod when those rights have been, made as j secure as the faith and the freedom of | nations can make them. j Just because we tight without rancor J and without selfish object, seeking no- I thii.'C for ourselves but what we sKail f wish to share with all free people, we i t-iiali. I feel confident, conducl our opera- ; tiori.? as belligert*nts without passion and ; ourselves observe with, proud punctilio j the principles of rijrht and of fair play ; p.? profess to be fiahting for. fj r f ) ' ! ("',) #Fuir play *' has CTaali pari; in the j rmssian military usa.??. however. (See ' Gcr- j * man War C'otie.' authorised translation, pp. ! 1-3 and 52. -X. Murray. I/judon, 1915.) ; " A wax cowlucted with energy cannot be j directed merely against, the combatants of : the enemy State and the posftfons tlic-y occupy, Hit will anO meet in like manner fceeii to the total intellectual and , material resources of tho latter. Huruani- ■ tarian claims, such as the prorection of men j a.v& tb«ir eooda, can only be taken into con- <■ dduratios in so far as tho nature and object j otf tie war permit.'" foa ako C3ausewitz, the Prussian military j authority and oft-quoted oracle. (Treatise | ' On War,* Vom Kriege, V. : Kap. 14, 3.) of the desirability of cruahiug down an hostile country by requisitions, etc., he commends it becauise of " the fear of responsibility, punishment, and ill-treatment, -which in such cases presses on the whole population like a general weight." This iccoarse (of requisitions) has "no limits except those of trie exhauslion, impoverishment, aiai tteraatation of th« country." 1 By this Prussian gospel, not tnererr is J war inevitably "bell," but it ia to be made- | ''leliberately tie lowest stratum of hell, end j (he means of rendering- it such aro to be j .inxkod out -with scießUuc predsios. !

I b t to lev 1— u tl '•tit In ~ick n no tl to J - f o P Jt Voedl n t ti m t r ?I al 1 % die I f a 1 l 1 it o 1 the. e *i hj t n C f p-m n v ea ed o I e tho o nk t c 1 1 o a j "\ I _n B L 1 C a I In Idt.ll I o Ilk t a oe 0 I me io ! t T 1 n 1 nl s. n 5 or p ie 1 > \ n M U I o of t «. i bn r p u a 3 or o ta eo or 1 p tatrn t le O ( e Lo bino n 1 1 m 1 un no t i IP 1 r 1 ii i r i t 1 "i r I n 1 1 1 op on ( 1 1 lb tt r i 1 i of fl ft c tl 1 o at p 1 J)»<cn t It —Vanu 1 \ 1 1 o «[ [ 1 1 do 1 Ho i it 11 13 ! or 11 Ilk* f 11 n n 1 T n m 1 I 1 10 V* 1 1 1 1 la) A a H 1 I tl aj , Ml \p 1 i 1 1 —0 ' 1 t \ 1 [f 'J a t I 1 | 1 ! ti i id v r I l r [ 1 1 \ J on ' f 7 M 1 n 11 1 ■5191 \ 1 ' J 1 1 A 8 1 T s n 1 V 13 IJI u ot hj \ 1 n I u t 1 al 1 1 r 11 1 | a. - \ 1 111 *v I P u b 1 Li tv bttcllo es p d a b hj. r d hj f I 4 IQI61 Q l6 —S In 1 ri vi tl \ o b d 13. April 10. 1916. Germany cyaicaUj tells United States sh» cannot be sure, nbother she sunk the Sussex or t:ot-,_ although admitting one of her submarines was active close to the place of dieter. U. April 18, 1916.—President Wilson threatens Germany with breach of diplomatic relations if Sussex and similar inci-di-uts are repeated. 15. May 4, 1916.— Germany grudgingly makes tho promise that sliips vrill not be sunk without warning. 16. October 8, ISl6.—German submarine appears olf Anierioan coast and sinks British passenger steamer Stephana, with many American passengers (vacationists returning from Newfoundland) on board. Loss of life almost, certain had not American men-of-war been on hand Ln pick tip the refugees. [From ibis rime, until final break several other vessels sunk under circumsLances whicli mace it -at least doubtful whether Gcnuauy was living up to her pledges.] 17. Januaiy 31. 1917.—Germany tears up her promises, and notifies Mr Wilson she will beritt "unrestricted submarine war.'' 18 iVbruarv 3. 1917.—Mr Wilson gives Count licrmstorrr his passports and recalls Ambassador Gerard from Berlin. In oil modem history it may be doubted if lb ere is another chapter displaying such prolonged patience, forbearance, and conciliatoriues° as that sltown by Mr Wilson and MiLansing iu the face of a long coiubb of delibrrale evasion and prevarication t» them personally, a-i well as outrage after -outrage upon the property and, still more, upon .th* lives of very many Anierioau citizens. Wo shall" happily still ha/ve an opportunity to prove that friendship iu cmr daily attitude and actions toward the millions of men and women of G«rjiaa.-i birth (38) and native sympathy who live among us and sharo our life, arid wo shall b© proud to prove it towwd all who are in fact loyal to their neighbors and to the Government io the hour of test. They are most of them ii* true and loyal A-mericaus as if thev haxl never kwowi any other fealty or allegiance. _ Thoy will ba prompt to stand with us in robttttng and restraining tla few tcho may be of a difterent mind and purpose. If there should, be disloyalty, it will be dealt with

•with, a firm hand of stern repression; (SO) bat if it lifts its head at all, it will lift it, only here and thcro and without countonanco except from a lawless and malignant few. , (SS) On April 16, 1917, President Wilson iffsuod a- proclamation- in which be asserted that "alien entemks" v/ho preserved the poaoo, kept tho la;v®, and gavo no aid to th« enemies of -the United Stales " shall be undisturbed fai the peaceful pursuit of their Kves and occupations, and shall be accorded' the consideration due to all peaceful and law-abiding nersona, and toward such [persons] oil citizens of -the United -States are enjoined to preflerva the peace and to treat tham with all such friendliness as may be compatible with loyalty and allegiance to the United States."

la May tht Attorney-General issued a statesmen!; congratulating tho country on tho friendly relations between Americans and German residents, tho absence of disorders, and tho necessity of interning' only n very small number of persona (about 125), an insignificant fraction of' tho whole number of German citizens in this country. At almost the same time the cables carried despatches ihat the German police had ordered strict measures of oversight ami re-tri-nihifc for the few Americans remaining in Germany, although all such persons were probably pcopl-o whose ties with Germany made them almost more at home there than in thair nominal country.

(39) Tho treason statutes of the. United. St ;te* liul ddom b n iMokod buc th"; i\i t ind pi«. ess tetth It is treason to •' levy war against th< United adhe e to their er m«» oi eivo tbcm iiir! nr cojafort." (Ch. X, £i!«. 1, Ie; *%tat) Ino peradi-; i*s di ith or mi p ~i~Ti nf f it laic f ve \eji-< i itt a fine of at lea lOOXV'o) It is mpn ion o hcason to Tno of atx-t, t <.as naol plotfl or do ii"" mil ful to re >on the wmtc to tie auth iti s The it i dl\ i fcven -\eins inipri oinnt l 1 Tho p n i 1 r unit n i robe Iju ri m uri ct on t JO i* 1 ! nl tho crime ot -entc m-r nn wiv eoi e ond ue villi i foreign fnt l ri n tr in hun o tlem n n\ di putt witu th" Lmttd k t >o or tc dele t m no u Hnn 1\ cii (o ei inicnt c ill f3 tluce ;car imp inn ni (Cli 1 bee 5) Jht if is also 3 i m'i\ oi mt jeirs in j l cmuput, ! ii \ iII it lo pine; to oppo > the mth>Th rt tin 11 del H ie \ll th f iw 1 t'ei t \ ihin hi 1 ifcc 1p < i ihor f\p-al 6 101/) remn d°d hj pitpU nr i nil i< i tunc i 1 irtd tomfoif to the encnie Ot th 1 nit c t-e 1 a b t Itltnr 1 i th it id i 1 Nd 18 2 2) In cei i 1 1113 nil ohc 1 1 hj in n want of IoA-alty to the Government and symn hn mi 1 1 1 ni and v,! 1 hj 1 v lai r 1 t 1 t a f> < ici 1 m iin th nice f th n hj d u •311 th IfL Is tt r > it il 1" p nl ot iin 0 1 Ju c r ii en 1 ot rebellion 1 i m ii tji ( 11 tiJti <;p ct ical \ t II G 1 t1 ■> to uspenl the ; it ri In! (i ifrirlihitton W 1 tco q p O) n v hit wo U Ite md lin 1 11 in tmi pic on utiout 'U anct tin v i 1 mil cbn 111 th Cud \\ i It is adi tn m s and o 1 nt <l«t iitleme 1 31 th Ljiioiess vluca Hive p to 1 I u thu ddit m b a « Ik 1 m it n a no 11 11 m ntns ct fin tu i ii num nc dot n 1 - I 1 1 ui 1 t1 ti t> 1 id th lit j ttl [ 1 ' mti w r ird ) the m«l tinihk rd <n<: tOl o*- ill a d«. nil lii t Ivl n n t~> b in tin Im c

But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the t lungewhich v,e have always carried nearest our hvfvrts f\;')J —for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have ;i. voice in thoir own Goveruirivnts, for the lights and liberties of smalt nations, for a universal dominion of 'light by such ;i concert of free people as shall bring peace and safety to -all nations and make the worh! itself at last free. ; b 1 T n 1 i c d »i die- 8 \\ 1 If n. not e v 1 ch 11 i rfrt t 1 I n 1 th iuc! up one a«otb< vo ot ioshb hj a 1 r b vd v 1 orph to 11 vl 1 c p O fi p

1 T I 1 \n J V 1 it lilt It e iv of hj v o! o t f 1 Pa \ wilt 7) I fcv ~\ L oli rl hj o la til 1 nt or

Tl 1 j -np 1 tl not hj ti 1 t 1 "iv d o o us o (P ) 11 tbl n tl lal r 1 In f 1 c I l n-anl 1 a 1 1 ore m t I re t empl d p ) ) r pi 1 f I I ce ot t r ca {V- OI Op 7 C TO } \ {\\ ) \\\ f b vo al sto I Ur Hi la nafcp th w r r hj t 1 1 1 i or j f hj tl t I t pt v 1 1 ilofli 1 1 I n 1 1 or \ rr 1 t i 1 r 1 <vl 11 n 1 t! r i hi 111 1 ! a 1 IT. p 11 1 t N 1 Cod" 7 hj r 1 e t r. t