LETTER TO LORD LYTTELTON. ON THE RELATIONS OF GREAT BRITAIN WITH THE COLONISTS AND ABORIGINES OF NEW ZEALAND. BY CROSBIE WARD, ESQ. (Continued.)

Daily Southern Cross, Volume XIX, Issue 1871, 16 July 1863, Page 4

LETTER TO LORD LYTTELTON. ON THE RELATIONS OF GREAT BRITAIN WITH THE COLONISTS AND ABORIGINES OF NEW ZEALAND. BY CROSBIE WARD, ESQ. (Continued.)

PRACTICE OF ADMINISTRATION IN NATIVE AFFAIRS. Having quoted tliei ejected enunciations by the Imperial Govei ument itself of the doctrine of exclusive responsibility m native affairs, I piooeed to illustrate by a few examples the method by which it has canicd that doctrine into piaotice For that purpose I shall take cases where the Governor and his lesponsible adviseis differed in opinion : not only because they aie naturally the only cases which have been worth recording in despatches, but because no number of instances of agreement of opinion between two poweis can place beyond doubt whioh was the superior, or with which rested the responsibility of notion. The couise which the administration of affairs piactioally took after 1856 agieed exactly with the special policy of tho Governor. Action or inaction was in his hands " in all matters affecting Impeiial inteiests, including all dealings with the native tiibes. more especially in the negotiation of the puichase of lands." The system of double government eaily became iiksome to the colonial half of the administration ; yet theie was no peiceptible personal irritation betsveen the Governor and his Ministeis, or the party which supported the Ministiy in either blanch of the Legisture. There was necessanly some antagonism, but no such conflict as to lead the legislatuie into deliberate acts of obstruction to the Governor's policy, such as no doubt weie at any time within their power. On the contiaiy, theie is abundant evidence of the readiness of both Houses to lend their assistance in a liberal spirit, if not always as appioving that policy which was boyond their reach, 01 in a way to gam his Excellency's coidial appiobation It has sometimes been asserted that the government of the nativei was in the fust instance leseived to the Clown, and the administration of it subsequently impeded by the llliber&lity of the Colonists in matteu of supply. I will not go so far as to say that Governor Goie Browno did not encounter any difficulties in this respect, but I will pioceed to shew that in tho main his needs for piu poses connected with the natives were fanly and even geneiously piovidedforby the colonists. I have stated that the sum of £7,000 a year had been reserved on the Civil List for native purposes, and was deducted without question fiom the Colonial revenues. But as eaily as 1855-0, I find that an additional sum of £8,762 7s. 6d. was expended solely for native pin poses. A piovision for the same proposes for 1856-7 was giauted by the Assembly of £14,872 in all. In 1858, the Legislature voted a permanent yeaily grant of £7,000 to supplement the Civil List, besides lemoving vanous nativo chaiges, formeily defrayed from the latter fund, on to the list of oidmary appiopn.itions. These grants woie exclusive, of course, of such of the geneial expenditure as may lepresent the benefit denved by the Maori population from the ouhnaiy civil government, fiom loads, posts, jetties, and other public woiks and undeitakings, piovided out of common funds, of which the natives make no little use. It must be added that returns of the land puichase operations shew that of the whole outLvy at tins time .ibout one thiid was expended upon the staff, tho members of which had become by the amal?am.vtion of thedep.u tmenti, uioie oi less, for good or evil, lepiesentatives of the Impenal Government among the Maoris. Governoi Browne, in 1856, estimated the contiibutions of the Maori people towards the genmal levenues at £51,000 for the ensuing year. "For the same >eai, when it was ovpi", the Colonial Tieasurer calculated that those contiibutions had amounted to a little ovei £17,000. [Pml. Papns, N. Z., July 1860, p. 228, and 27th July, IS6O, p. 34] These two estimates (foi they piitake of the same chaiactei), can as little be leconolled as other pnnti.idictoiy opinions upon native affaiis. The grounds of each estimate are given at full length. At least the colonists did not propose to themselves any gain fiom the taxation of the native lace The Colonial Tieasuier, Mi. Richmond, states as the conclusion of an elaborate calcula tion, fiom which lie educes the lesult above mentioned • — "The piactical conclusion is, that in those yeais in which the deimnd for native pioduce has brought the Aboujjines laige piofits in the Euiopean maikets, aud in which they Jjave consequently largely availed themselves of the advantages of a piyihred stite, their contubufcions to the revenue have congtitijtefj a faip, but not it would seom more than a fail equivalent , vhilpt in years of -slack demand, those contentions do n<|t piobably exceed the sum letuined to them in diiect and exclusive governmental benefits." [Pail. Papal, 27 July, 1860, p. 35 ] The important session of 1858 is the only one by which the policy of the colonists towards the Aboiigines may faiily be judged ; for it was the first session after the establishment of a lespon§ible Government, and it was the last that free fiq)rf the e^qitement of civil war The "native" legislation of 1858* consisted of ({ye apts — for the constitution and legulation of "nativo disfucts" — fop the administiation of justice in those dlßtriots — for the support and management of native schools — for the colonization of mixed settlements — and for the recognition of aboiiginal title to land in such a manner as to give to individual natives, under conditions the lights incident to landed piopeity. To all oi these but the last the Governor was a consenting party. But the "Native Tenitorial Eights Bill," as tjie last was termed, pontained piovisions to which he could not agiee. Among o^hev flbjjsctions and the chief of all was that, not the Governor, but the ''Goveinoi in Council," was empowered to act The Council consisted of the colonial responsible adviseis It is suiely most imnoipinc fo j)ot}fie that this attempt by the colonists to obtain power in the adinipistratjon of native affairs was piomptly lesisted by the (govern or, as contrary to the piinciples which had been acpepted pn bpll) sides.. Beoauso also tho effect of the bi}l woujd be to do away with the pie emption of the Oiown over native lands, and to introduce n. system of dheofc puvohaae by individuals, it was deemed in the highest degree dangerous to the peace of the countiy. For other leasons the measuie was considered unjust to the Maoii The Governor was not called upon to exercise his light of veto, a piovision within the bill itself lesei ving it foi her Majesty's assent. But a similarly independent couise was tajten, His, Excellency forwaided the bill, and begged the Seqret.iiy of Spnf,e to adyise the Queen to refuse her assent to it, which was' done. [See Dcs •patches from the Colony, Nos. I—6,1 — 6, with enclosures , and to the Oolany, No. 1 ; in Part. Rapeis, N.Z 17 Ji|ly, 18,60,] The course taken by Governor Bfowne arose entjiely frpm his pepso of jiepanyte iesponsibi)ity , it would have been impossible under any othei s^sfctn than that of the double ffoveinmenf; It pioyes bpth that the Impeiial Representative cariied out the doctrine of exclusive lesponsibihty into practice, and that when any act of the colonists seemed to infringe upon that doctiine he was able to defeat the attempt. The temptation to enter into the mci its of the question at issue in the "Teiritoiial Rights Bill" must be resisted. It is enough for my piesent purpose to show tliat a c<msj,jjtiij,ipnal conflict aiose, and that the Impeiial Goyernnjenjt defeated ]t|ie cofoniws.. J. thii|k jiintfyer that ij, peiusnl of the Blue Book" will show thai tlje cnntcif; was one of argument only, tempeiate and fair | and that the pqlQnist* attempted to bung no undue presiuie to bear upon tho GqireEiiftv. Another important example of the same kind is on lecoid I regietthat the Pailiamentary Papen whioh I have been able to consult do not furnish me with all the documents, and that I must therefore lefer to the piinted papeis of the Colonial Assembly, which aie not so accessible in this country. But the facts which f wisji to lccall are too well known to require specific pj,oof. f refe,r fo, the policy with which tjie " King" movemen|; among tjlie JYaikato fribes was treated in its earjier development. [See jfeeport of \ ' Wa>lato (fanpmiffet? — Appendix to Journal^, House of Repvcsentaiues, N,2., }060 / pp. Jll to 129.] This movement was regarded by tfie CnlQm'aJ Mjnigtiy qf the time as indicating a deßiie for [aw and older; that is for a stronger government than then ruled those tribes The Governor's special adviseis in native affairs, on the other hand, considered the movement to be meiely one of tiifling local and evanescent consequence, originating in the ambition and restlessness of the young men who defied to lival the older chiefs. At a later date, the movement! either assumed or wasiecognised for the fiist time as possessing the character of a wide spiead oiganisation for pi ocuj.ing the absolute independence of the Maoii race But in 1858, though theje had been alieady much leason for studying the Bymptom* of the movemepf/, }]°}f' ticians had not advanced beyond the fiisttwo o'plniona, between which they weie divided — the representatives of the colony on one side, those of the Imperial Government on thp other The Resident Magistrate at the head-quarteis of the movement, Mp. Eenton. held the first opinion, and was energetic in hig attempts to guide what he thought a movement in favour of law and order to a »aft» and legitimate result, by bringing English Government within jeaph of the natives in a. shape adapted to their oustoms. In these efforts he was supported by the Ministry, who tendeied theii advice to his Excellency accordingly. The Governor, however, true to his rule, did not suffer himself to be guided by this advice, even though he might at first approve of it. He sought council from the heads of the natiye department, hp was justified iv assuming to have a n>ore exact knowledge of the hlstpry, a more intimate understanding of the deiigns of the Maori people, He acted upon the qpinion enteitained by tbeip gantlemep, tbftt Mr, pqlioy w}«l

alienating the old chiefs, in whom confidence ought to be placed ; that to tieat the movement as iunpoitant was to make it bo ; and that to neglect it was the only Bate tieatmenfc. Mr. Teuton was therefoie recalled fiom the Waikato : the woik that he had begun was undone, and the King Movement was left to itself. It is of no iinpoitnnce for the present argument, whether the colonial policy were light or wrong; poßsilily neither may have been the light one. But everyone must confess that no moie impoitant question than this could.have been presented foi solution to thoje holding the leins of government, even though peace had never aftei wards been bioken ; and that the positiverejection of the advice tendered on the paifc of the colony on this occasion, and the deliberate undoing of the woik of which the Ministry approved, lemove from the lattei any sort of responsibility for whatever consequences may be tiaceable to the progies* of the King Movement. It must now be conceded that both in the theory of native government and in the administration of its functions, as well legislative as executive, the Imperial Government has rigidly leserved from the colony, and to itself, all leal powei. It mutt be admitted also that Governor Browne, during the period pieceding the fiist indications of a Mnou outbieak, shewed no want of fiimneas in his puipose, suffered no depaiture from established rule, and exhibited no symptoms of weakness before an antau'nnist legislature. On the other hand he was on excellent torms with Iris colonial advisers. And he observed what he took to be the spiiit and letter of the Constitution as completely to permit the self-govern-ineut of the colonists in their ownaff.vir* as he did to pievent their i u terf ei ence in mattei s relati ng to the native population. Wheie, in the latter case, he and his advi"<eis difFeied, as their advice was not put to the test of prac tice, it is impossible to say that they were more often right than he. And it is as little likely that he was ever induced by jealousy of them to take an opposite view as that he submitted to their view through carelessness. I asseit this, not that any words of mine can raise or lower Colonel Gore Biowne's charactei, but because a tiue view of his relations with his adviseis and the colonists is necessary to » proper understanding of the question at issue.

MOU VI RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE WAB. It is no doubt sufficient for the pm pose of fixing on the Impel jal Government complete technical responsibility for the late Maoii outbreak and its consequences, to have shewn the complete exclusion of the colonists fiom contiol over matteis affecting the native lace, an exclusion not moie peifect wh le New Zealand was a Crown colony than after the lights of self-government weie confeired upon its white inhabitants But the settlers of New Zealand aie not so changed by a few years' absence fiom the mothei countiy as to evade any lesponsibihty that may be mo ally theirs because they can piove it to be technically another's. They hold fast by the doctiine that a Government is bound to maintain order among and to piotect those whom it governs, and to provide any foice that may be lequiied foi these purposes. Yet they will not shelter themselves under that doctrine if they have themselves caused or contributed to a bieach of the peace which lequiies force to lepress it ; or if they have been the means of inducing the governing powei to take steps which have brought about a mischievous resulo , or even if without their consent or inteifcrence any act involving the employment of foioe has been done either solely 01 chiefly for their benefit. ]f the colonists have been paitly a cavie of the disturbances m New Zealand, it is ceitain that they aie piopoi tionatel,) lesponsible for the consequences ; but the buulen of pioof that this was so lies now with the other side. The common notion that the colonists are answerable because the nffiir happened In tbp cqjqny cannot be sustained If the New Zealand war has been the lesult of bad government of the natives, it is only one of many excuses foi those w hose duty it was to govern well to say that the colonists by their acts made go veininent difficult. If it be aigued that the Goyeininent was oveiborne by ipiessuiefiom without, and so uigecl into a mistaken p.o}icy, that at most is but an attempt to divide the lesponalbility. if, again, an injudicious anxiety on the pait of the Government to benefit the colonists be put torwaul as a main cause of the wai, the suggestion only imputes blame to those who so 1 ttlo undeiatuori what was the best way of peifnuninqr their peculiar duty. Now the chaige ngainst the colonists of complicity in the war takes one oi other of these thiue foiius, or is compounded of them in vaiious pioportions. Yet it can be shewn that npjtliei as a body 1101 tlnough their lepieseutatives have the colonists faken sucji jj. paif. m bunging about the native distiu banoes as caji cast Upqn them a real lesponsibility foi the consequence*. To show this itisnot necessaiy to go into any minute detail or to examine any doubtful evidence on the subject. The case of the colonibts in this lespect, as in the founei, lests on broad facts and obvious infeiences In the yeai 1853 the Maoii tubes weie peifectly peaceful throughout the colony. In 1860 the war began All the piogtessive symptoms of disaffection as well as its moie immediate causes aie to be sought for dining the intervening peuod. At the end of the toi mer year, Govprnoi Sir tfeorgs friey left £lie colony His policy towards the natives may be called distinctively one of conciliation, but was not unaccompanied by the opeiations of active government. Resident magistiates were admiimteiing justice m native distiicts. Aims and wailike stores weie denied to the aborigines Land purchase opeiations weie conducted with gieat caution Maori land was offeied to Government more freely than funds could be piovided for tl,o p'uehase And the tubes weie in a singulai state of peare among themselves. [See ParJ. Papers, N. Z . July 1860, i> 38.] ' ' ' ' " ' f" ' ' At this dine, 'as before stated, the Colonial Office left New Zealiud without a Governor for eighteen tnonfdis ; and' then Governor Goie IJiowne was appointed. Thiougliout Ijie'seyeii yeais, which ended with the war, the paue'is laid' befoie' Parliament sljew that no advice as to dealings with the natives was offered by her Mnjepty's Goyeinment. There are certain founaj. despatches expjesGing a s.jmr>lp appioval of the Governor's acts and views detailed by hnnself. A.nd there aie paits of two despatches aheady quoted, coinmanding him to leseive all control over native affaus to the Ciown. But the Colonial Office took no pait of this contiol on itself, and left the government of the natives, which it deemed so delicate and impoitaiit a duty, to the unassisted disci etion of itb lepiesentative in the colony. The task was tlnown upon the Govei'jor, but surely all lesponsibility was not so got lid of. "' ' ' Befoie Governor Blow lie's time, serious difficulties had aheady aiiseu. Goveuioi Giey"s piocesses of conciliation and government had been discontinued together. I^ostilities had spnmg up between two pai tips of natives neai TaianaUi, and they had beep dealt with atter a ney r> oliey ' w}ilg,U int}y be distinctively called ono pf non inteifeieuce. One example among many may be quoted. Ratatore quanelled with Raw hi, killed him, and was left to the vengeance of the.mindeied man's friends. (See below, p 39). The two men wheie intimate with the Euiopeans, and justice might easily have been done. But it had come to be deemed no pmt of the duty of the Government to do justice between native and native Fop tl)e origin of this policy see Acting Governor Wynyardjs despatches £nd .November,, lbSi, and sth Eebrua'i'y, lS,^ [P'apcti, Maich, 1860, pp 58, 21 ] This policy, and the depditmentat staff which transacted, native affaiis, were Governoi Biowne's inlieii-t-anpe. The amalgamation of fl)e native 'gqveinment department with that of land pm chase, vyhiph tooU place in 1856, has been aheady mentioned Government was le=s efficiently conducted and land puichases weie less satisfactonlv effected aftei this step. Piomises of hospitals, schools, f Hither payments out of the proceeds of land sales, and other advantages, which had been made to the natives when they ceded then land, wore foigotten or disiegarded. At the same time the ids'tiictjb-niS'on the disposal of arms ant} ammunition were relaxed. ' The natives became' ajmost aosolv'ed fiom Qontiol. Dislike to a Government which appealed to them a inej q bargainer for their propeity, joined to a deep iqqte.rt jeajojisy of Eurqpean fulya.tic,ernent; into then 1 teiritory, roused many to oppose any fuithec cession of lands. At the same time the want of any governing and lestiaiuing power fiom without moved many thoughtful men among them to attempt the constitution of some authority over themselves fiom within. The two objects haimonized, and weie allied to a fciiQioijghly natural desire for the independence of the lace. Though' fanny wjib aimed a? liiQip practical objects weie far fiom desiring to oveithiow the Queen's nominal sovereignty within their bordei's, many otheis of the ambitious and reckless classes urged on the agitation towaids this end. The Land League fh.sk j}pd f'PP %c% e "King" movement, were the lesult. This was the movement t,jie treatment of which by the Government has been ' already described. It was left alone, in the hope that it would die out, bii); it spread and grew and soon boie plentiful fruit. \\ was f(,t this time, if at allj that the settleis coujd be charged \vij,|} fftiuing up djsqpntent ampng the natives, making Government difficult, and so contributing to the coming outbieak. But it is remarkable that 11Q feeling pf }}osti|ij;y was eyer niapifested by the natives towaids the colonists. The two raoes continued on the most friendly terms privately, and even in spite of exceptional though fiequent annoyances from individual Maoris, which the law was unable to punish, the settlers in outlying districts lemained guiltless of any misconduct. It oaunot be maintained, theiefore, fpr n>f ii^lant, \\\tf, the get,t|e)s iriitatad tl)e natives, an 4 piovpked them to a bieach pf the peace. " I^ufeif: it! be said that government was' ren^eied' dim'cuH; by fafso roports, Jnpo|i»idcr»te lug^eitiopi, tty<,\ oomtnf^tp

injurious to the authorities circulating through the press, these cannot be altogether denied, though their influence may be doubted. The difficulty is one which constantly besets a free Government, nnd is the.price which it pay* for at least an equivalent rapport and sympathy from its more thoughtful lubjects. It must be remembered that the agitation called the King movement was attended by no violence, by n^ exhibition of foicible resistance to constituted authority^ nor even by the display of any such intention. It was confined to the strong tribes in tho Waikato district, in the interior of the inland. The natives in other districts were either still unbmieisive to the Government, or weie influenced similaily with the Waikato tubes without their oganization. The latter state of feeling pievniled in the piovince of Taranaki, where for seveial years the peace of the country had beeni 'broken by feuds between a minority of natives detuioMs of selling, and a, majority whose object was to prevent sale"! of land to the Government _ Eaily in the year 1859 Governor Browne vivited Tarauaki. What happened there is described in a Parliamentaty Blue Book entitled " Papers relating to the lecent Distui bances in New Zealand," presented by command, Mai oh, 1861, from which I shall quote. The Governor, finding the settlers at Taranaki veiy desnous for more land, assured them of his earnest desire to meet their views, when ho could extinguish the native title to land satitfactorily, and without compromising the neutrality which he had determined to observe in all native quairek [p. I] No language could be calmer on one side or moie cautious on the othei than that which is recorded as having passed Letween them There is no evidence that the »ettleis were as yet unduly uigent upon the Governor, or that lie gave way in any degree to solicitations fioin without. The Governor, after meeting the settlers, had an interview with the natives ; and here we appioaoh the immediate oiigin of the war. It is necessary to observe carefully what the opinions and intention, recorded at the time were, for subsequent explanations of motives may be thought open to suspicion as influenced by lha event. The Governor says in his despatch of March 29, 1859 (pp. 1, 2) as follows : " Aftei this a chief, named Teira, offered some land for sale, which he and his relatives desired to dispose of to the Government, and which, as being situated at the mouth of the Waitara river, on the south bank, will be a valuable acquisition to the province.- He piessed for an immediate answer, and I replied that if lie could give a satisfactory title I would accept hit offer. Another chief lose to object, but when asked if he had any claim to the land, admitted that he had not. William King then rose, and while asseiting no cl.vim to it, said he would never permit that laud to be sold , then, waving his hand to his people, he and they left the meeting with some want of courtesy to myself, " Since theu progress has been made in ascertaining Teir.i's right to dispose of the land (of which theie seems to be little doubt), and, if proved, tha purchase will be completed. Should this be the case, it will probably lead to the acquisition of all the land »onth of the Waitaia liver, which is essentially neceisary for the consolidation of the piovince, as well as foi the use of the set'lers. "It is also most impoitant to vindicate our light to put chase from those who have both the right aud the desue to sell. "The light to sell land belonging to themselves without interference on the part of other chiefs (not having a claim to shaie in it) is fully admitted by Maun custom; any lecognition of such a power as that assumed by William King would theiefoie be unjust to both laces, because it would be the means of keeping millions of acies waste and out of cultivation. I have, howevei, little fear that William King will ventuieto resoit to. violence to iflamtnin Ins assumed light, but I have made every prepaiatlon. tq enfoioe obedience should he piesuine to do so. Copies of the in&ti uctions 1 have given to both the civil and militaiy authonties aie herewith enclosed, " I found the settleis extremely anxious that favour should be shown to Ibaja, the chief with v.hp.in William King is at feud, an 4 wholes. a}nava b,een ft flim fiiend to the English, IJis quarrel with King lg chiefly because the latter has some claim on the land which he desires to sell, and which King will neither yield noi sell. " I have, however, declared my firm deteimiuation to remain enthely neutial in this and all other native feuds, and to puichase no land without the consent of all who have a claim on it." And that portion of his addiess to the natives (enclosed in the despatch) which bears on the gubjeQt W(s| £IS fojjowg ,— " ' " The Governor then said, he had but two subjects on which he desiied to speak pa> ticularly to the tnbea living neai TaianaKi, aud they weie, — Fust, in lefelence to ciiminal offences ; second.in refeience to land. He wished these subjects to be considered sepaiately, and as having no soit of leference to each other. He obseived that the tiibes in the vicinity of Taranaki have gieatei advantages than most others, as they are much mtei mixed with the Pakeha, and ought to piotit by then intercourse with them. If they cho«e to hvo peaceably and cultivate their landt thxy would^ grWv' jich ai ( () lflujtiuj/, insj,ea<J 6$ which they were constantly at war with each other, aud their numbers' \\t\e deoioaslng. Their disputes were almost always about matters of little or no impoitance, oi about land which was not woi th quanelling for. The Governor then said that had he been in New Zealand when Katatoie slow Kawni, he would have had him ai rested and brought befoie the Judgo, and if the Judge had sentenced him to be hanged,he would have caused him to be hanged ; that he bad not thought proper to arrest Ihaia, because though the muideis to which he was a paity were horlilile aud disgiaceful^ yet they admitted 'o£ so'ine extenuation, inaslnuch 'as they weie' committed iu'ietrlbution foi the lhuuler of Uawiii. All this, howevei', now belongs to the past ; but, for the futuie. \\p iiad deteumnccj thq.f e^eiy lrjan '(whether ho, be M^oij or. Edkclja) who may comuiit any violence op qutiagp within the European boundaues s>hall be arrested ai)4 taken befoie tl|e Judge, ai(d the sentence of the Judge, \\h.ateyei jj; may be, qhaU be carried into effect. He wa» determined that the peaoe of the si-ttleis should no longer be disturbed by evil-doers,and that these Maoi is who aie not content to live in peace among the Pakehas had better go elsewhere. In refeience to the second subject, the Governor said he thought the Maoris would be wise to sell the Hud they cannot use themselves, as it would make \vh it they could use moie valuable than the whole; but that ho never would consent 'to Inly 1 land without an undisputed title. 'He woAld not permit anyone' to iuterfeie in the sale of land unless he owned pai t of it , and, on the other hand, he would buy no man's laud without his consent. " [p p. 3, 4 ] Governor Biowne evidently had the ciicumstances of the then late native feud in that district strongly iinpt'esßeij on his fining at tjie time of, tf\vk w](JfeS>!r. 'These qii'qum3&ikes me 'sufficiently lqinaikable tq lie. buefjy "inuntioned ; the lnqie so, tljat they iUu^tnvta the case that was just about to arlte. In the time of Acting-Governor Wynyard, a piece of land at Taranaki had been offeied to the Land Purchase Department by a native named Ijlauiri and his fiiends. Pielnninaries being ananged, and it being Known that anothei party of natives would oppose the sale, the Government officer did not nndeitake the siuvey, but sent the sellers themselves to Jay ouf t', f e block. Hhen file siuvey pai|y went about ''theW Wol|<, the bppdsjng 1 natives, hearded IJy'tlieil chief katatoie, filed upon them and killed Rawiii. TJ^e 6qyernment iefu*cd to inteifeie'. A bitter feud sprang liv bofween th_e fcwq mi tips, lasting sgvpraj years, j during uhioh, nmojig other atiocities, ihaia, the iuend of the deceased Bawui, plotted and efteoted the death of the mm dei er Katatoie. [Port. Pajpers, July 1860, pp. 41, 72, elseq.l The Governor as we have seen expressed hii \iews upon Teiia's offer at once. He placed first on record an opinion on the point whether the land was worth puichasing at a price for geneial purposes ; secondly, a desiie tfiat as much land as possible should be fo ' moved l fiom 'being 'the 'subject df native quarrels • and thirdly, a 'detei initiation that, if Teiia should pr6vd the real owner, no self constituted authority jhouid inteifer'e toiob linn of his Ug|]t to sejl and receive. t|)e value, 'i'herefoie th.c investigation was or4eiei{ tq prooeed. With the nature of the investigation and the decision ai lived at, I have no concern, further than that the colonists, fiom the Mimstiy downwaids, had nothing to s.iy to it ; they could not control the officers of the department, nor inteifere in any way with theii work. 4,he decision was tq be auived at on the responsibility of the Impeiia) Government alone, and thereforo'tlie enquiiy was left in the hatujs of its 'own bffjeers! ' TjlW investigation was completed by January,' I860) and lesulted in favour of Teira's claim, ' (To It Continued. 1 )

Silence Before teje Battle of the Almal The. 20th of September on the Alma was |ike'wm,e rero,em,Wd ttyy of jfijne in EjugUyul, fqr the bv)1) vyos unclouded, and the gqf-j; bieeze of tl(e iaarning hftd lulled to (i bieatli tit noontide, and w»a oreeping faintly along the hills. It was then, that; in the allied armies tlieic ooomred a singular pause of sound^a pauie so geneial as to have been observed and/re'meinbeied by v many in i emote parts of the ground, andsoraaiked that its interiuption by the mere neighing of an angiy horse seized the attention of thousands ; and although this stiange silence was the meie lesult of weariness and ohanoe, it seemed to pajiy a ii^eaiiing, fpr ]V w43 now that after forty yeais of peace tjie gie'at nations of Klirope wore pnqe inoie melting for'b»ttle,'— J£tnglakti