BRITISH CENSUS.

Dominion, Volume 4, Issue 1188, 25 July 1911, Page 2

BRITISH CENSUS.

1,178,317 MORE FEMALES THAN MALES. A CHXTUKY Ol.' LIFB IN LONDON. Tho preliminary report of flio British' Census issued on June 15 contains a valuable and interesting introduction. The main features of the movement of population in tho last ten years are: Slower rate of increase of population, duo to declining birth-ralo and increased emigration. More rapid growth of urban than of rural areas. Much slower growth, and in some cases, such as Glasgow and London, stagnation or decrease—of tho centre of large cities. Rapid expansion of tho outer suburbs of cities. Faster growth of female than of mate population. Excess of 1,178,31" females. London in a Contury. London—tho administrative county, not Greater Loudon—shows an actual decline of 0.3 per cent, in tho century 1801-1901 that area increased from 359,310 (o •t,5;i(!,2(i7, but this year tho total is ■1,522,001, a fall of 13,300. Briefly, tho causes are: Spread of factories and business premises iu the inner districts, demolition of slums, easy access lo' the suburbs. Tho total of Greater London, it will bo recalled, is 7,252,003, an increase Df ti71,5(51. In 110 years London has increased seven and a half times while tho population of Lngland has grown only four and a half fold. Greater Londoa is only about 1,500,000 short of Ihc total population of England and Wales in 1801. Tho following shows the projwi'tion of raxes in L'ngland and Wales throughout tho century. The last column shows tha number of females to every 1000 males. It will be noted that the females have been increasing at a slightly faster rate ever since 1821:—

This given an excess for this year of--1,178,317 females over males, which would, however, bo considerably reduced if the English and Welsh members of tho Army and Navy and of tho merchant servica abroad wero included in tho reckoning. Tho proportion of females to males was the same in 1911 as in 1901,'. 1008 to 1000,. but when due allowance is made for thiv number of males absent on military service in South Africa in 1901 there is no doubt that the true proportion of females to males was somewhat lower then thaa; in 1911. Effect of Emigration. Tho loss of population by emigration "~ between 1901 and -1911'ivns approximately half a million, Tho following shows for tho last four decades the increaso of births over deaths, tho actual increase of population as shown by the censuses, and tho difference—that is, tho loss by 'emigration. It will bo observed that the loss in tho last ten years was enormously greater than in the previous ten, but not so great as iu tho period ISSI-91:

. How the urban and rural populations compare is shown thus:— Inc. 1911. Inc. p.c. 1,137 urban 25,1G8,970 2,818,072 11.1 '••fiS7 rural ' '7.'. 1 ... 7,90(1,299 729,354 10.2 .Curiously enough tho rote of increnso in the rural districts has risen from 2.9 between 1891 and 1901 te 10.2 per cent., and for tho urban districts fallen from 15.2 to 11.1...-.ln 1881 just over two-thirds of the.'population was urban, and just under ono-thiril rural. Now..tho proportions are almost four-fifths and one-fifth. Sinco- ISSI the rural, population lias actually decreased from 8.337,793 to; 7,900,299, and tho urban grown from 1",C36,C46 to 28,ie5,970. Three Great Cities. A notable instance of tho real growth outside of the large cities is shown by thus;— Inc. •' ; Inc. p.c. GUI boundary 525,900 2,781 0.5 Gtr. Birmingham .810,372 81,313 10.7 : Similarly Liverpool's 746,500 is an incrca.se, of "only C per cent., but Greater Liverpool, including Bootle, Birkenhead, Wallasey, AVcst Derby, etc., totals 1,09.i,555, an increase of or 11,5 per cent. Again, tho Manchester of tho boundary of 1901 has increased by only 24,785, or 4.0 per cent., but with tho addition or Moss Side, Withington, Gorton, •Levenshuliue, and part of Prestwich, the population of 714,427 shows an increase of 09.551, or 10.8 per cent. The following arc the final figures for tho United Kingdom:— 1911. Per. cent. EiHand 34,013,070 Inc. 10.5 ■\Valcs 2,032,193 ' 'Inc. 18.1 Scotland 4,759,445 Jiw. 0.1 Ireland 4,381,951 Dec. 1.7 lj k 45,210,005 Inc. 9.1 IsloofMa.-.! 52,034 Dec. 5.0 ,l ol . io y 51,903 Dec. 1.3 Guernsey, etc 44,997 Inc. 4.5 . Grand total .... 45,305,599

Females ix?r 1000 Year. ]\)ales. Females, malos* 1801 4,254,735 4.G37.801 3057 1811 4,873,605 5,290,651 1054 1821 5,850,819 fi,149,flI7 1038 1831. 6,771,1116 7,125,601 1010 1811 7,777,586 8,136,562 1046 1851 8,781,225 (1,146,384 1042 1861 11,776,250 10,289,065 105,1 1871 ' -. 11,058,931 11,053,332 1054 1S81 12,639,902 13,334,537 1055 1891 14,052,901 14,949,624 1064 1901 15,728,613 .16,799,230. 1068 1911 17,418,476 18,626,793 1068

Increase of Actual Loss by Births ovor Increase by EimDeatlis. Population, gration. 1871-81 3,420,480 3,202,173 164,307 1881-91 3,(159,475 3,028,08!) (101.389 1891-1901 ... 3,593,(118 3,525,318 (18,330 1901-11 ...'... ' 4,011,922' ■ 3,547,426 497,49r>