THE FARM INDUSTRY.

Dominion, Volume 2, Issue 555, 9 July 1909, Page 10

THE FARM INDUSTRY.

_$ ; PIG-BREEDING. A PRACTICAL MAN'S RESULTS. Interesting notes on the results of crosse in pig-breeding arc given by an Australia; farmer in the "Australasian." He state that he breeds pedigree Berkshire and York shire pigs, and for" market purposes some times crosses a purebred Berkshire sow wit! a Yorkshire boar. Tho result, he says, i always white pigs. .Ho advocates the us of purebred animals always for breeding, bu to those farmers who desire to breed from crossbred sow ho recommends a Yorkshir boar. From a Yorkshire boar, he says, th progeny are white, but from a Berkshire boa tho young would bo a motley crowd. Fig of one typo—either Yorkshire or Berkshirosell better than spotted pigs, such aa woul result from a Berkshire boar and a Borl sliirc-Yorkshire crossbred sow. - He shows' h colour results in three litters from a Berii shiro boar and throe crossbred sows as fo! low:— • i White. Black. Spottcc First litter ... 3 3 0Second litter... 4 3 2 • Third litter ... 4 3 ; 3 Ho finds .that- he. gets the largest,an strongest litters by keeping.'the gilts awa from the boar till they are over 10 month old. Young sows should be in good cond tion, but not fat, at farrowing time. , Th boar should bo ten months old, or older. B considers it satisfactory to raise eight pic per litter. ' They are weaned, after eigb weeks old.'. . ■ ; He divides feeding methods into two-; hard feeding and soft feeding. Hard feed i that obtained on a mixed farm, and cot sists chiefly of grain, roots, skimmed, mill ote. Soft feed is such stuff as the refuse c .•estaurauts, with a meagre supply of grair He prefers hard feeding,, because it produce pork of higher quality, and bacon whic shrinks little in cooking. . His favourite pi food is. mad.v up of barley .(ground c steamed), pollard, peas, potatoes; mangold! sugar' beet, ami separated.' milk. : The nig receive from lib. to 61b. per.day, accordin to tlioir weight. All grains, however,, ar suitablo for. pig-feeding,, but, in every cas< they should'bo ground or soaked. He pn fers barley or peas for finishing_ off. Th young pigs are styed whon.pOlb.lvyeweigW and, iby keeping them; growing all;tbe;tiro without a'check,- ho'has-.them' in "prim pork'.' condition, at four to five.months ok and "prime bacon" at nine months; Grow inv this way, the loan and fat are .nicel mixed and'aahere together, instead of separ: ting,-' as do the lean and fat of pigs bough as stores and, quickly fattened. Clean, warm, dry styes'and good digestiq are essential'to successful rearing. Hebreeo three litters in two years from his sows, an he markets v tho pigs at about 2101b. hvi weight for bacon, and 90 to 1001b. for porl His Styes have brick arid cement floors, bu in tho cold winter months he lays over thes a-'false floor of wood; Shelter sheds ai provided' in, the paddocks. , His final advic is: "Breed your pigs on the farm; pui chased stores are often-the heralds of dis ease." ■ . .''■..' : \.'

: wool export values;

; UNDER AND OVER-VALUINC. In the course of his address at the alinus meeting ; of the Hawke's Bay' Farmers'^ Cc operative Association on Monday,, the chaii man of directors (Mr... A; H. Russell) mad some interesting statements'concerning oye and under-valuing of exported wool. 3urin| the past two years by the Customs. Mi Russell said that, wool weighing 157,951,85 lbs. was exported during the year ende< March, 31, 1908. -.This as showitii the Customs export' returns,- was valued a £6,063,436, whereas■. the'-179,674,0741b5. ex ported for the year ended March 31, . 190! (21,722,2201b. increase) was only valued a £5,537,861, or half a million pounds ;less. : I was generally admitted, continued Mr. Rus sell, that the 1908 wooUexports,were mucl over-valued, but!he did riot thiuk°that th< enormous over-valuing had- been appreciated Taking Napier's:wool. exports..as an illustrafcion, the net average price- realised there foi wools shipped for the 1908 season was 6 l'-Sd. per lb. For purposes- of' comparison/' th< clips might-be taken as the average ,ol shipments from other portions of New Zealand) and, on analysing the figures quoted ir the Government .retnrns, it was-found thai the average worked out.at 9 l-sd. per lb., Dγ 3d. per lb.'in excess of realised values. On the 1908 output,' therefore, the excess was £1,983,013. . • ~.,,,... .... .'.;■.■ Mr. Russell-then went on to refer to this gear's figures. The'average export valuation >f wool shippnd during the year ended March 31, 1909, worked out, at 7 2-sd. per lb. He :onsidercd that these':figures would:be quite jonfirmed on recent and-'present values, and, f-vtlie 1908 export returns, were corrected, Shore would be shown (instead of .a deficiency )f £857,553 for this.year) an..excess of £1,125,460. Generally speaking, the improved »ndition of the wool market this , season meant an increase; of v £1,400,000 for the wodticers, representing, 28s.'fpr every man, Toman, and child in"the Dominion. ', '. ;■

INLAND FREEZING WORKS.

AUSTRALIA'S SCHEME. The question, of how ; many sheep can be ;arried in Australia is attracting some atSention just now.'' The number will shortly peach 100 million's, ~and ; as it is being urged flrot the export\ of mutton should: be largely aore3'sed, in spite of the congested state of ;he market just now, the question is brought still- more to the front, The means reoomnenrlod for increasing the .output is the ereo>ion of freezing works in the large grazing :entres so as to do away with the long railige of live stock to the port freezing works, vhich at present depreciates the condition md lvalue of the meat. If such a scheme vere carried out on a scale of any extent tho iffect upon the. world's meat , , market might. jo serious from a New Zealand point of view. !ri this question Australians lave to consider i big question- which has confronted New Jealanders in smaller degree in regard to the ihoice of site for the proposed Wellington farmers' Co-operative 'Meat Works—the [uestion_ whether'railage does most damage \ o the live animal or to the frozen carcass. Phe New Zealand ..view, has leaned toward avowing carriage alive. But we have only iinall rail distances to consider in comparison pith the long journeys involved in Austraiaa transport. Apparently, while freezing rorks promoters in New Zealand have been iesitating ( ove'r i the thawing of carcasses in ho one-night journey over the Eimutakas, \ustralians have decided in favour of the ailage of frozen meat over much longer dis■ances. No doubt -the alternate course of ailing live stock over the same distances iresents difficulties also, and. apparently the Australians are better prepared to overcome he difficulties of cool transit. Tho problem iught to Be quite as easily,solved"in New Zealand. No doubt it means a good supply if cold meat trucks, but the assistance of the lailway Department in New Zealand ought »■ be as readily available as in hotter Aus.ralia. . ;

HEMP IN ST. HELENA.

A NEW ZEALANDER IN CHARGE. Reference to the hemp industry in .St.lolena, to which country Now Zealand lont ts chief homp expert (Mr. Fulton) to put ho industry on a good footing, is made in ho London "Fiold" by "J. T. C." This iTrter says , that tho Government factory here is under a New Zealand manager, Mr. Jail. Provided that tho price of the fibro loos' not fall too low, he belioves tho induary will bo successful, because tho conditions ind climate are proving very suitable. It s in contemplation to .import machinery to nalco the fibre into twine, as it is believed his will prove more profitable than tho ex>ort of tho fibro in bulk.

Bout lately to London. Millers in Christ-, ehuroli express tho opinion that a Bliortago is probablo, especially if tho expert continues at its present rato. Askod Ins views concerning this matter, Mr. Coatcs, of tho Canterbury Formers' Co-oporativo Association, stated that ho anticipated a shortage before tho end of tho year, owing, ho believed,' to oxecssivo exports. Ho considerod that Mr. Patten, tho Chicago wheat buyer, had gauged tho position correctly when lio stated that tho world was undor-supplied with wheat. Thcro would not, liowover, bo any fear of a "cqrnor" in wheat boing engineered in Now Zealand. Everybody know too well what was being dono, and tho farmers themselves liked to act independently. "Well-informed peoplo in Ohristehurch," concluded Mr. Coatcs. "aro of opinion that tho price of wheat will bo materially raised boforo the end of tho year." ~. ■ i

POULTRY SHOW AT NELSON.

1 (By Telegraph.—Prcse Association.) Nolson, July 8. Tlio Nelson Poultry Show opened to-day. Tiio exhibition is tJie second largest in Now Zealand, tho entries totalling about 850. Tho display of Old English Game is very fine, over 100 being penned bo far. Tho South Island championships were as follow:—Old Enßlisli Game, W. Coleman (Nelson); Plymouth Rocks, H. C. Jacka (Nelson); Orpingtonsj A. Sowman (Blenheim). • ■ ' Canary, any variety .—Hamilton and Kerr (Nelson)'. . ' L. Reed Rets a lee-in in the Buff Orpine- j ton Cup, and A.' Sowman a, los-in in tho ! Black Orpington Cup. The Nelson Association's five-guinea trophy for Old English Game was won outright by S. J. O'Connor. Mr. Grenside (Wellington) secured a legin in tho Magpie Cup.

NATIONAL DAIRY SHOW.

; GRADING AVERAGES. \ ■ ' - Palmerstoiv July 8. •■• In oonnection with, the butter ■ and cheese championships at the National Dairy : Show,, tie Dairy Commissioner (Mr. D. Cuddie) has supplied the Manawatu "A. and P. Association with the following results of tho grading averages for the season 1908-1909, ■ and' show exhibits*— • ' ;" — 'Btrf.ter Championship of New Syealand.—i Midhirst, 93.618; Moa Farmers', 93.318; Mang'atoki, 92.536; Taihape, 92.435; Thames Va11ey,'92.419; Cambridge, 91.877; Rangi; tikei, 91.202; . Bunnythorpe, 90.865; Kairanga, 90.782.'. ; ' . ' .'. ' V'V Cheese ChampionsWp of New Zealand.—; Omimi, 91.842; Waikouaiti, 91.400; Rongokokako, 91.241; Tamtahi, 91.111; Cardiff, 90.822; Whakaronga, 90.486; Kapocga, 90.179; Dolefield, ,90.066. ■/;■

WANCANUI POULTRY SHOW.

AiPress Association telegram states that the Wanganui Poultry Show concluded yesterday.-' It was a decided success, entries numbering over seven hundred. The birds taken altogether were very fine. The weather spoiled the attendance.' " ■■ •

LIVE STOCK. SALES. /

Messrs. Dalgety and Co., Ltd., report hay-, ing held a successful sale at their Upper Hu yards yesterday, on account of Mr. W. A. Cottle, Taita. About 140 dairy cows and; heifers wsre yarded, and met with good competition, especially for sorts close to-.profit, practically the' whole entry being disposed or at auotion. The following were the prices realised:—Cows, dose to profit, £5 12s. 6d. to £J ss;; backward-sorts, .83 17s. to £5 7s. Gd.j heifers, from £3 to £5 12e. fid. 'The whole yarding of cows and heifers averaged £1 7s. 6d.. : The "New Zealand;, loan,: and Mercantile , Agency, Co., Ltd;, , report' on,; their sale, held at Palmerston North'.yesterday. asVfollows.—A , , good' yarding- of b6th.;sheep\and cattle were well competed.;fori' reenlting.in- a good clearance at satisfactory prices. ; W,e ; . quote:—F.m; ewes, in lamb, 9si; sd, to' lls. 6d;;; two-tooth ewes, in lamb, Us/;-ooll.'wethers;-9s. 6d.; forward wethers, 149.; mixed hoggets, Bs. Id.' to 10s. 9d.; wether hoggets,.. 10s. Id. Weaner, heifers, 325.; 18-niqnths .heifers, in calf, £2 6s. 6d.; 20-months',: heifers, 75.; ' store cows, 355. to £2 55.; .(forward • cores, £3 2s. to £3 Sβ. ; dairy, cows, £i 2s. 6d.; springing heifers, £6 17fiV 6d.; 20-months steers, £1 16s. Gd. W£i 195.; forward bullocks, .£5-I3s. to £5 Us.; fat bullocks, £8 Is.; bulls, ,£2 10s. to £2 153. ...'■-., ' ' . .'.... Messrs. Dalgety and Co., Ltd., report:—At our Palmerston sale- yesterday • there was a very good entry of sheep, and a medium/ entry of cattle. All classes of sheep met with good demand,, and .a , total .clearance was effected; Quotations:—Cull lambs, 4s. to" fa.; medium lambs, Bs. Id. to 9s. 6d.;, good mixed lambs, 10s. 9d.; mixed age "ewes,, in lamb, 7s. 7d. to 10s. 3d.; s.m. lamb,. Us. lid. to'l2s. ii.; four, six, and■ f.f.m. ewes, in lamb,.;l4s. 9d.'; two and four-tooth wethers, 12s. to I3s. lid.; fat. wethers, 15b. to 155..- 3d.; Lincoln ranis, 195.; weaner heifers, 255. 1 6d.; bulls, to £i; heifers, in milk, £5; springing heifers, to £5 10s. - - ■,•-.,- '■■.■■" y . •;• ;■ E-eporting on their Marton sale yesterday, Messrs. Dalgety and Co. state:—There was a 'good entry of sheep and cattle, and all met with a ready sale. Mixed lambs, 6s. 9d., 7s. 6d., ,Bs. 7d., 9s. to 10s. 5d.; extra good wether lambs, to 10s. lid.; sound-mouth ewee, 1 in lamb, 95..4 d., 10s. 3d., to 12s. 5d.; two and four-tooth ewes,' in lainb, Us. 3d. to 175.; empty,, to; 9s. 6d. J weaners heifers, to 245. j' 15month's' heifers, to' 365.; 18-raonths heifersj to £2 Is.; yearling steers, to 335.; 18-months steers, to £2 17s. 6d.; fat and forward heifore, , to'jC3;l9s. 6d., ■■. \ ..-■•■_ _ .. ' Messrs. Abraham and Williams, Ltd., Palmerston; North,- report.—We had a good yarding of sheep ■at Palmerston yesterday, and all classes met with keen competition, every pen being soid under the hammer; A nice line of 300 four and five-year ewes, in lamb (sold on account of Messrs. Hewitt Bros.), made 17b. 6d. Other lines of mixed aged breeding ewes made lls. 9d., 12s. 7d., 13s. ■ 8d. : ; low conditioned breeding ewes, 9s. 6d.; forward wethers, 13s. lid. and 14s.;'fat and.forward «wee, lls. 6d.; good lambs, 9s. 10d. and 10s. ji others, :Bs. 7d.; empty store ewee, ss. 6d., A good entry; of cattle was also offered, and most lines were sold at satisfactory, prices. Quotations:—Light fat. Is.; fat cows, £ils.Mi..td£i 15s. j forward cows, £2 10s. to £3 55.; weaner 3teers, .£1 12s. 6d.; yearling steers, £2 lls. 6d.; : ' springingvcows, i£4;io •■£!■,ss;\-. ■> : .