THE NATIONAL DAIRY SHOW.

Dominion, Volume 2, Issue 542, 24 June 1909, Page 4

THE NATIONAL DAIRY SHOW.

EXPERTS IN CONFERENCE. 1 THE~MINISTER DEFINES OUR TRADE OUTLOOK. AN UNEXPECTED DEVELOPMENT. ASSOCIATION'S HOME AGENT RESIGNS.

m - (By Telegraph—Special Reporter.) 'Palmorston North, Jnno 23 ■ Proceeding at-the Dairy Show •, to-day .. wore . marred by occasional - heavy - ; -thunder-showers, .which occurred ' towards evening, hut / this .did not- appear .to ■ injure tho : attendanco. , Two football matches—be- > • , tween, "Wanganui and;-To-Auto' seniors,and - juniors—were tile 'chief. Attraction' at • the ring. To Auto won the junior .mafah by. 17 ,v points to:iulj and Wanganui. won-thooomor event by six points to three Indoors, tlio speech by tho Minister for Agriculture (Hon i. ■ T.: Mackenzie) and tho Instructive papers ; and addrosses'lioforo the:NAtwnal.'Dairy. Aa-i 6ociatiou -by Messrs Cuddio, Reakes, Gil- . landers, - and Aston ..mado the conforenco-of .:?,/';/W more vthanj4isual.'iht«fest..i: The judging "if' poultry, fat stock, and pigshaa been completed, and practically only tho guessing competitions, and. equestrian- events aria now j undecided, • To-morrojv morning at 9 o'clock there will begin a»confercnce of 'North Island ?;[;Agrlcultural ! ;'Associa.tij)n3i which will' be at- ! ■tended, by : representatives from- as far-'away /Auckland.;;/ffi'V '. •• .-. •. This evoning tho arinual dinner of the Factory Managers': Association was herd' at' tho ' rSotel;""'aboutxfiltyjnkOTbera^ R./Curle' m-osided,Jin;.thoi'ab- • Kcnco-of tho president (Mr. M'Donald), and f ; : .-among those present wcto Mr. Cuddio.and : /the grading, staffs Messrs.' Runner'strum :: .(re-. prosenting MacEwen and Co), and Worn (representing Mason, Strutters and Co). ;•■>. ' The association's monibership is now . about THE PRIZE LIST. FAT STOCK. 'sheep. - Down. Wothers/ for'freezing,:. any .-.ago,— .- „ ;F.-. S. -, M'Rsb, 1 and -2; .>H:-<Ps * Arkwnght,3. .' .<- Down EweSj,any -ago, .wool■ and carcass.— F S M'Rae, li Longwool Wethers, for freezing, • any : ag6:— ■ - 5Y S. M-'Rao, ,1 and 2; H.-. E; Arkwright, 3.' Longwool Ewes,any age, wool and carcass: ..i s,-H. l . Arkwright, 1 and 3; F. S. M'Rae, 2. Down Wethers, for 'freezing, under 1 24 months —M'Rae, 1 and 2, Arkwnght, 3 . -Down Ewes,-- under.: 24 months, - for freozuig—M'Rae, 1 >and 3; Arkwright, 2. - . ■ - - longwool Wetherej:for'freoaing,. under-'24 months —Arkwnght, 1, M'Rae, 2 and 3 ;Longwool Ewcsy ,for - freezing.'under 24 months —Arkwright, 1, M'Rae, 2 and 3 Down Hoggets—M'Rae, 1, Arkwnght, 2 and 3 i Lpngwool.-,Hoggets,—Arkwright /l and 2; M'Rae, 3 ;>.P,e.t,,liamb,—'W.,>'A; Chapman; , 1; 'Miss Ci&sio Marfan, 2, Miriam Lancaster, 3 , PIGS ' i> Porker—E White, 1 and 3, Slack Bros , gi - 1 Baconer —Whito ; 1 and 3, Slack Bros , 2 \ ' I'at Pig, anyr weight —White, 1 and 2

v A .POULTRY, E. Bannistor r l; 2, ' and 3. Hon: Bannister, 1/ 2, and/3. * , Ungihans-TrCock: ,E. H; Holland,. 1; C< /H v Jqurnotty ,2j .Bannister, 3.' Hen: .Burnett, , 1} Holland, 2;'Bannifltor^3.A-. 5 -'Ck)ckoirel i-«Hol.'! land, 1, Bannister, 2 and 3 Pullet Holland, \. ..l and 2;<Burnett.;3. ; w t 4 : 4 jynioutb.'-Hooka,-rHen; ;S- r 'R.: Lancaster, 1 •w!t;' ■ ;.lv . Cockerel; J.. H:. Johnston,-1 j Lancaster; 2 and 3 Pullet Lancaster, 1 i Whito Plymouth Rocks—Cock: C H Pickirmg, 1 and vho , B R Boott,>2; C * ? Oonhn, 3 Hen Pickering, 1 and 2. ■» ■» « Whyto, 3, Conlm, vhc 1 Black Orpingtons —Cock C L Bridges, 1 J? 6 " A H JGuthrio, 1, Bndgos, 2 Cockerel Guthne, 1, F S Veale, 2, W. Chapman, 3, '! Qa-I'andj vhc Pullet Guthrie, 1 n ®/? 3 ' ® Vcale, 3, M Stevens, vho Buff Orp.ngtons —Cock Mrs 8 Rood, 1 f Banflister, 2, R .Young, 3 Hen i Mrs Roed I', Bfnister, 2j Young, 3 Cockerel Mrs. W Hcslop, 1 and 2, Mrs Reed, 3 Pullet , M « ? e3 I°P, 1 > Mrs Reed, 2, Bannister M 3 i jx v ■-!'Mffto. P^p'ngton,—Cock: Pickering,-1. and' j 2 Hea Pickering, 1 and 2 ' Golden Wyandotte-Cook "A Hicklmg, 1 Cockerel TranL'Home, 1 Pullet Hitkling, J , ' Silver Wyindotte —Cock Hicklmg, 1, J > Curiae, 2 .and 3. - Hen ; J; 1: '■ Qurrie, 2..and .3T. - Jamiesonjv.v-k.c.. >v><Cock\ i eral Mrs Heslop, 1, Curne, 2, Hickhng, .• k3 > C. ,A.:-Bluett, ,v.h.Ci , , 'Pullotr, Cume '1 and he, Lovell, 2, Hicklmg, 3in tzfy' ;,?■( 'S ; ''White Wyahdotto.—Cock: J.£.'Brown, 1 and 2, Charlos Dunbar, 3 Hen Brown, 1 ' ? ocke , re J 9, I Hmsird, 1, E'T Batcman, 2 and 3, H & Bignall, -vhc, John Robson, he iPullet Robson. 1, JBatcman, 2, Hansard, 3 and vhc , Partridge Wjandotto.—Cocki-' C. ; H -Burnett, 1, 'lhomas Harvioi 2 .Hon* . Harvie, 'vi .2.Cockerel;; Hamo,.. 1.. Pullet*' Han io, 1 Minorcft-Cock S Groan, 1 Hen S Cowan, 1 and vh c , J II Johnston, 2, F : Iv. B. Lovelock, 3. Cockerel: R A. Williams, 1, 2 and 3 Pullet. Williams, 1 and -•2, S. Cowanv S and'V.h.c/ 1 " '-' :. . >~ y .>. White Leghorns—Cock H. M. Wilton, 1, J. Groon and S Avery 2 Hon B M'Cormick, 1 and \ h.o , J Greon, 2 and hfl \ Aitchison and Son, 3 Ccckorel Aitchison, .1 and- 3; 11. : E. Bannister, 2; H. M. Wiltoni s vhc Pullet Mrs Holland, 1, M'Cormick, 2 and vhc., Aitchison, 3 Brown Leghorns —Coek • R Young, 1. . . E. Broughton, 2. .■■■ Hon; Broughton;' 1: J. 1 D, Iremoiiger, 2 Cockerel R. ]5, Banmstor, 1, 3; and v.h.c.. Iromonger, 2j 'G. Taveii-I dale, h.c. Pullet: . IremAßgcr'. 1; 'Tciven(dale, 2. , . ' Other Variety Leghorn.—Cock: H. Mangu;■son, I;. J. Goodwin," 2 and'th.o. ;E. Eagle, jun., 3, Hen: Goodwin, 1, 2 and h.c.; E. Eagle, jun,, 3.; Manguson, v.h.o' • • i Aylesbury.— Duck: R. E. Bannister, 1 »nd 2. „ . ;. j,. -Pekin;—Drako,- ■ over 12'; months": Mrs.' A. ' -r> Meyrick, IJ. : Devonshire,v 2;. C. Smith, 1 3. Duck, ovfir 12 months: Mrs, A. Illeyrickj 1 and 2, J. Devonshire, 3; C._ Smith, vie Drake, under 12; juanths: -Smith, 1 1 and 2. . .\-,r.'Duokf under 12 months:, Mrs.' Meyrick, 1; Smithy 2 and 3. , " ' , Indja'n Runners.—Drake, 1 over 12' months , j, Slack; 8r05.,: 1;< C.. L.! Bridges, 2; ■ iR.- E.; Bannistor, 3. Duck j ovor, 12 months: Slack • ■ Bros., 1; Bridges, 2; T C Moss, 3 , 'bannister, v.h.c Drake, under 12 months: V Bridges, I;' Bannister, 2 j Moss,' 3 and v.h.c. ; • ■ vDoek, tinder 12' mouths: ' Slack Bros.. 1; ,Baniuster, 2; E.■ J. Watson, 3; Bridges, V.h.c. , ' Orpington.—Drake :■ J.'Devonshire, 1 and: ' 3; J. H. Kobblowhito,-.2 and v.h.c. ) Duck: Devonshire, Land 3VKobblewhite, .2. ■ Caynga.—Drake: Airs.' l Balsillio/ 1; S. Tavendalo, 2. ' Duck: Mrs.: Balsillio; 1. " I . .' ■. Other Variety.—Drake:: Bannistor, 1: and: 2; S. R. Lancaster,.3. ■ ■'...: '•_ ' ■■■*• ; SELLING CLASS. . Whito Wyandotte.—H. G. 'Bagnall. 1. • Indian Runner (Pair). —C. L. Bridges,' 1; I Slack Bros., 2; J. Dovonshiro, H... . 'i I Cayugu (Pair).—Devonshire, 1.- : . •. :i '■ -. Plymouth Rock (Trio).—C. •H. - Pickering, i • 1 and 2. - ■ ■■<■•■■■ .i Black Orpington. (Trio) .—A* H. Guthrio, 1. Whito Orpington (Trio).—Pickering, . 1 »nd 2. Goldon Wyandotte.—A. Hicklmg,. l. 'f : ■ . Silver Wyandotte.—John Cnrrie, 1. ; ■ White Wyandotte.—G, JL-Buriiison, 1.

COLONIAL AND IMPERIAL TRADE. | THE COUNTRY'S OUTLOOK. ''i' ; SPEECH BY HON. T MACKENZIE :.,'/., lii the Lecture Ha 11^of. the Manawatu A.-; and 'P. 'Society's show-'grounds yesterday af- ; terhopn >hfe';Mißiste'r:4or'A'grioulture/-(Hon.'. T. Mackonzie)' delivered. an-'v ihteresting' speech.. It had'been-stated, ho, said, that' ,k»poi^tj : .iiifoMiSfi>if;!ioiiht'''be looked for from him/that day -in 'connection with 'the Department.of Agriculture.': ' His' appointment 1 , to that important .Depaftmontj- howove'r, was much. too" iwoht' to jli'stify' -iiih' . launching forth as to what.'/was • intended. Tn'o 1 dairy industry, would, he contmued, soon' bo' worth three .millions, yearly.. to tho - Dominion, •ai4" easily, ranked;third .as.regards its exports-''' Some Dairy Regulations Foreshadowed. - The had jincreased- conclose 'on' a value of £-1 ,OCQ,OCO,- -and b.uttor to about £1,600,000, London value; Ho regretted, however, that tho, quality of tho buttor.had not been main-, /tainod, must be. ilooljed ijjip partly/deliberate,, and .to/carelossness. ./Some buttor, he was assurod," had. been sent Homo centaining. as. miic'h as So per cent-. of irioistiire, and ; when it was 'romombered that in May of last year pricesiof-N'ew^'-Zealand; butter reached 112s. and 11-ls. per ;cwt.,- with' 'Danish:-,at 114s.- and'.ll6s.', and this' yeat •> choicest New : Zealand'was,.,down i. to; 1003;', to/1025., while'; Danish had not'.fallon'to anything like tho same degree: the' matter oalled for attention. 1-le hoped that; such/ daily' regulations'- and.be/established, as.,' would ' make it' impossible for dirty suppliers to de-. stroy output of. a factory." . Wo must Perfect our Output. t . In. tho .Department with which ,he was now ; .connecfed r Jt, wotild jbe an endeavour t6"«ssist : /(i .estabfobirig improved dairy herds, and, his officeriT!woro devoting-themselves . wit-h: ,a. singleness; of purpose to that end.' In Den-mark.:a.:,gr{at-;improvomcn(( was ;bding mado in/ that, direction...' If Denmark could in/two. yoare' (1000 to > 1D02) mako tho- following im-' provbrnont •by . selection, in her herds, surely New Zealand, should bo able to do' something ? In ithose",two. years/the,yiold por head ineroased from 43301b. to <16781b. in' quantity, ,'whilo. the quality was siich that/2olb. of the, lastr-mentioned figuroii made lib. of buttor, as' Kgitinst 261b. of'tho first-uaiiiod, and tlio cost: per. lO£).gaUona'.:wa3..rijduced:from. 35.. ld,;to 2s. 9d. The increased/output of New ZcaJand butter- was duo,"not to any improvement ,in the'selection of herds, but to tho increased numbor of cattlo milked. Tlio condition of the ,New .Zealand;.dairy industry called! fot the | mosb -earoful / - -investigation. ' It was not suffioient- for .us to do as Well; as othor oomntries; we must do bettor, for Franco -and .Denmark and Sibona, which competed with Now Zealand in tlw batter

i, \ . OFFICIAL BUTTER TESTS V-Espeoially 'interesting -arc the Dairy ' Commissioner's butter.; analyses. in- view of -the 'current cofltroverey:.v-jrith '.regard ~to / tho moisture. con- • tent in. New ~Zoa]firi(l Gutter. The .'-moistur© avorage .for/ the whole. of' the; exhibits' proved to; bo 12.38_ per' osnt.,--ithich is 3.62 per. cent. ■ below.;tho maximum allowed .by, law. ' / Following nre tho juialyses:"—- . • .' ' Class 1.-Best..Box .ef. Export Bnttcr.

market, were within a fow hours of tho markets. In the caso of clioeso New Zealand had to compoto with America, wlicro a week s transit took their produce to the samo central niarkots. As to wool and mutton, Now Zealand had ,to competo with tho Argentine, where land was >cheap and the conditions -of labour..and-social, comforts, were far below the. standard obtaining hero. .' It'therefore followed that,' if New Zealand was to.be successful, it must do moro than was being doiio by others in-tho way of perfecting our ..output. * : . Our Cities Over-Populated. It was a matter of deep regret .tliaf there should bo a lack of emplAyment -in our . towns. ■ The'fact, howovei',''was that Now Zealand was,' in some respects;-following--on ■wrongf lines'.-'■ Too many people were congregating, in' .th'o towns.' It', was a condition ;previilent all . the world; over; but ; whilst that might bo justifiable; where cities ; wero .the centres: of manufacturing.'-''industries,'- tlie same could not bo said of New Zealand. , Tho .increase in tho population of : tho towns' in the. Wellington, provincial, district daring ..recent years, nail' been, greater > than' that of" tho countryVdistricts.. -Taking the whole Domiii T ion, from. 1901 to. I9OG, tho inorcaso; in ;tho urban "population was 75,000; aa ' against 41,000: for .country ,and rural, districts, or an increase of about 18J per cent, in tho former as] against /about...9}. per cent., in tho .latterl So. long .as'.onr towns did not develop, manufacturing interests ;.moro / than 1 thoy ; : wcro dpihg,. Tio" 'considered' it' ; necessary. for the country to increase fourfold 1 to that of the urban population. ' Retrenchment and Depression. . ' He might 'refer, to J tho retrenchment that had been rendered necessary. It had -been stated that- political- influence and 'favouritism. had had much to do with tlio o))erntibns. Stloh .'was not the case. The fact was that a depression; the causes of which" were-gone-rally known, had passed over, the world. Ono of th'o ; main.- causes that.New. Zealand suffered-Was because the export value' of our farm products fell: from- £17,000,000 - to. £13,000,000—a- differenco'-of, £4,000,000. The outlook;' however/ is: and rthat- is' byreason of the fact-that tho backbone'industries, of otir country/aro :sound; and Increasingly :prosperous. Tho;. samo'causo corrected'the depression that took place in America, when', .the -monetary'.panic I ocurred vthere in 1907. Touching, thjß; ; point . Mr. Mackenzie..'said-. "Our production of gold has gone up from: £58,000,000' ten ..years ago to £85,000,000 last; year,/ It , is also .being; accumulated in the'.'banks ; of.-, the .world. vThe ,-Bank jof Eranoo lias.iiow._a gold resorvo of £1.43,000,000. A little time, ago I referred to ' tho decrease /in 'the/exports, of pur products. ... A lias now, occurred in values and the . first five months'of this year show, an export value^'.of £10,530,000, V;b0ing• .half :a!.milliop/more than fo'r,the:Bix' mphths endings Jurie,' ,1908./; Jn 1 othef • words, >'th'ere •/has'.be'en,an.,iiicreaso of £ 1,810)000 over,-tho corresponding-fivo months of last year." $tato of the Meat Trade. : ' Sp<»king ; generally in' referenco'-.to our products it- might to mentioned' that the most pronounced increase is/ in .the I ,value ~of'/our wool, .which' must . 'represent; ono and a half millions to two millions over tho valuo of last, one of the.most; satisfactoryfeatures' in iconncetion with tho world's; salo of wool is that-rfio-wool is largely going into direct donsumptioui / No' less than 1,300,000 ;,balcs . have- recently ~been ' used in ' that manner,- or 176,000 ■■ over tho corresponding period;' Tho most senously-affectcd. articles (ff-'exportajo-frozen'-inuttoE'andlambj-tho •former ■.^having''touchcd- the lowest point 'in the llisfcory -' of : that" imporfcafit -trade. i>lt was/ at first '/contended that this/ arose /from. ot'or-supply;* in ! the Homo: market,but -the ifetal; inipoHs'iin.tb-.Great -."-'.Britain/fqi* «1908. / : i-&e"i.'473,ooofewer ./tbanvi-dUTing 1907. ' iTruo,-:'tlio: <]f this: increase-over ;1908,v;bnt ■ nothing/to justify the' present .depressed :'conditibns in the Old Country. I fool 'sur'o .tlidt many/icauses.;aro, operating .'against: ,tho.,riso in tho . value of / our. frozeri- meat;; < chief among them being, the lack of work for British workmen.: ,'Th9fe ; are tiyo/milHetts /out there just now, and,many-are ( earn-, ing/ but - a; ;liveliliopd«',,,',Another cause/ Undoubtedly/ is ,tho- ; per.nieip,us; sysicrti l <jr assessing/alleged damago-' to meatj^whioh',' according;to/a telegram-which- appeared, the other day, is causing/the underwriters' to'.intimate . that' unless -tho . Home . Government a . better' systei^'xiSf, /handling ; they will bo: compelled to discontinue underwriting altogether or raise/ the. rates to . such 'an ! extent aS mako impossible,.f. .. British Trado Falling Back. ,• ; •,Q.ho siAjcct-I .am about to 1 touch upon,i,:l ajn,!aivivra,Z:viewed ,''veryVdifferently.'by Various poli-fcical \ authorities'.. The vbroad/fact,, however, ; stares/one,','in'- tho /face,/.'.viz.,/? that .Great' .Britain' is no t /holding .tlio -'same per-1 /cantage .'of'trade .with.rfo'reiEU:.cbuntries..that sho.has .hitlierto. enjoye<l. Tho imports' into' Britain-.for/;the 'tat fiyo. months of 1909 iwer6V£2,ooo,ooo''lessi whilst; ; tho// /exports diminished;,: for th 0...; correspondingporiod by;£-14,000,0()0; but'ro-exports . increased from £33,000,000. : to. '£38,000jU00.' .-,' This .; refers articles •.. which - simplypass, 'through., /Great'.! Britain.. Another serious: matter.is the class which is exported from Great Britain:ca|led wholly or "partly , mahiifactiired British .goods. Tho proportion- of money spent ou British workmanship ■ in that,- connection has do-. creased from £1.90 to £150, per/100 of population, during' recent', years. During .the years -1881-90,-.the ;U.K; ; held £197 Y of overyv £1000 of-.tradcj and.;iii'lß96-1905, 1 0n1y.£153. An exeellont' work: has recently - been published by :"Schooling," giving diagrams of tho world's trade. < These indicate that -'Britain' overywhero 6hows, - a marked /downward'- tendency In ;the', oas,6 of. Jap'ah'j 'tbo' fallinE-off •.'repi'e-sents-'t2'"por: ./Aißorica'-'.'has doubled/ her.v:trade'-'.with thatvebuntry and Gci-many l /also has' inci'eased her -: markeio there. •• - • . Wanted! Preference for« British Coods. ; Tho position/resolves itself into this: That many of the orders'.which formerly: went to bur British workmen aro being executed in othor' countries, and, unfortunately, that is ■what/is,/becoming^/of. an increasing number of the orders -from' this Dominion. If (this practice of taking;, goods .from nations that prevent;.;our:.products ■ entering their//territory-, is. further, developed, - and, that,: instead of *-. taking ~what, wo/'require •-'from, our . own British", workmen, -it; it ;must .seriously, ■ affect / the/;, Homemarket.. to'-.which; wO vCan send :our perishable goods.; Prance, from .whom one might/ .Have expected . some consideration, has, owing to tho low. price at/ which mutton. has falleiri, in .. Britain,! insisted/; upon, .increasiflg : the \ duty , ori' ; meat from 35 francs to 50 francs—per 100 kilos— equal 2d.' per • lb. ; Germany entirely pro-' eludes/ our meat on_. account-of conditions imposed which aro impossiblo to comply with. Wo lieai; ■ a groat, deal about patriotism; but, when .one/remembers that,; the moneys so ..spent by us in foreign countries may bo used for the equipment or armaments for the destruction of. our commerce and . the humiliation of our flag, one'is constrained to advocate a policy such as was adopted by. Canada, viz., -of "British preference: for - British -goods ;in" British ■ markets." :-' - ■ - - , - ' / , -■ -Tho speaker concluded by referring t<i the 'question of/defence, on whiohj' ; 'arter aJlj all our rtrade/imaritime; ;higbwaysj 'and -wellbeing !?■^were'ebased,and'.defended the Prime Minister's/.'action - in',, adjourning ■' Parliament to'Vattend-' the' Imperial Conference. -- OUTCOME OF A STORMY MEETIIVO. THE "HOME AGENT RESICNS. / ..Several'^^meetings of .'contributors" to 'wiiat is known as tho Home. Agent's Fund of the National Dairy Association were held .privately'yestordny,. Tho'purpose of. the. fund is to provide the oxpotisos of ii representative in England to watch the interests .'of tlio compaiiics bearing tlio cjost. Somo two years ago Mr. Charles; Macltie .was apiiointed to the position, tlio term-of. his 1 engagement being, ihreo'years, artd ih . March noxt. Upon-his own initiative °Mr. -Mackio recontly - returned to. the Dominion- with-; tho object, of giving: full details as; to/tho - working.- of .tho ofGco at Homo. It had been ,arrango(l ..tliat lie should read a . papei' (published elsowliore) before tbo association, biit, ultimately;, it .-was decided, that , it .should- be given at a meoting of tlio contributors alone. .It has now .leaked...out iliat, after a. stormy meeting on Tipday night, Mr;. Jlackio;/tendered, his resignation. Various Bpeakara last night agr<\l that

Mr. llackio had done a'great deal of valuable work, but it was ultimately decided that his resignation should bo accepted. A lengthy discussion thon took place as to what should bo done in view of the vacancy.' There was a consensus of opinion that tho agency at Home should be retained in soinb form ;• but it was pointed out that it would bo uhwiso to send another man Home for the unexpired period alone. Some of thoso present referred to tho fact that they oould not bind"their companies. Tlie.v said: that if tho present scheme was varied the . shareholdors ; of their companies might require time to consider tho matter,' or' otherwise they .'might not • renew thejr contribution. "It was suggested that Mr. Harkness, secretary of tho association, should ■go ■ Homo, but no declined 'to allow tliis-proposalto bo discussed. . Ultimately it was agreed that a committee, consisting'of Messrs. Foreman, .Marx, Murdoch,'A; Brown, ,T. Brown, Frigo, Albortson, and Hodgson- should be appointed t<» draw up a recommendation on tho . .is' understood'-that tho committee will also consider a proposal to extend the scope of.itho association. The committee held a further meeting late.,last night, when it ..was stated an 'announcement would probably bo mado today.-. LONDON PRODUCE TRADE. "TOOLEY STREET NO BIBLE CLASS." NOTABLE PAPER BY'MR. MAOKIE. , It .had been arranged that Mr., C. Mackio, roceritQy,..Hosi6 agent for the - association, slmnrd.ireadja paper entitled "Impressions of tho Xoijdqif Troduce Trade" at' the coiifbronoe. -.Owing, however, to an'unexpected and somSrvhat' unpleasant development ' (reported elsewhere), this interesting "paper was not, road, ..but wo are enabled to publish it hero:—...-. "

Mr. said' that, during;his,.two years!'resjdenco in London, ho had "witnessed, somb:* . 'slow rise,: 'and; the rapictfalh.of prices—money made.faster than he courd.oo.tmt .it, a'nd;lost witiCa'uko'rapidity.; :; that' tho pror londori were all the "better for his . residence among them. • 'The business houses hi the great metropolis wore tho:embodiment, of,"the days that had been—solid -plodding'days.': It was .the natural habit, of the Condon business' man 'to carefully scrutinise every new proposal. that; was placed before him.; Ho was the creature of nabit, and had to bo handled mth;air,caro. Naturally tho establishment of' the association's office in London causes some talk in certain quarters. Erroneous ideas which! had been formed -had,'-;however,'- now beendispelled. ■Tooley-' St'root was tho homo of tho produce merchant, both great and small.';; They were just average .London. business imefr-r-no 1 better | •' The -term: "Tooley ; Street gang" was. only .a' figure of spbe.cnj '$nd ;was probably complinrpnt to!'"their shrpwdhoss,, sbarpness, and industry; Tooley Street, was' hb'Biple- class'.'Thb salesinon ro-' presenting different houses followed their .occupation: in thb street.:-'/. ! v Divided Output and Butter Moisture. Tho custom,of dividing ,tho output botwecai two : houses, was not a good one,! for .the buyers got to know; who was "handling thb brand, and they played off cach firm's.offer against the other in.tho ! hopo of breaking the price.: : The only, way to counteract that .was to have a.mutual understanding between tho sellers, and that could only be obtained through the medium of the! dairy • companies' representative: ill- London.lt was ar difficult and a delicate position, but ho! had.; proved that -it coald bo done. a unanimity;,- .and harmonj; amongst - certain firms: which did: not. exist; before,and; tile moro.'the daily farmers, support;'.the; association; tho that fueling.become. In tho dairy produco trado thov'phaogcsijlur/-, iug: the.past two years -had been-fairly : <Squal. Last"; season.:-.the.; buttor, ( :sellersv gave, the buyers all they wanted. -. ... ,- and- more, when:they ; got them'-on a barb ; marliet. : .This: season: as, ho .lo.ft;, the buyer, was '-having,,his! innings, and trying all ho/knew, to got somoof his olvh, bapk.';", and "betas' suc- : ceeding -fairly: woll, - -. United.- -vrork in tho interest of New Zealand by. tho firms handling ■ its produce cojild .only ; b'o''bbtained if backed up by .'the assbciationr- Those who ■ mado tho' j assertionin ; the f newspapers ~to .the, effectj that the association, "would' bo.':boyoottod : t .never: made a 'greater' mistake.: : Tho'se young gentlemen- who came over from England to buy New.-Zealand butter . and cheese spokb sometimes '-without' the book, - .'and : allowed their'tongues to'rim away with'thomselvos... Thb association quite able'/to take'caroof itself, and .their anxiety that:it should not lay itself open* to being' turned" down by Tpolby, Street'or Smithfleld was- : qmto ;un-, neceisaryf' 7 ' ! : :';' : ' • This:' season 'had sc-en the, quality of New; Zealand butter . depreciate, . and fault': sobmod ; to lie. in tho new . effort to'increase; tho water .cbntent. Grumblers about quality: might': be expected on a faUing,'markety;.but! this 'season- they had;' overy justification ifor grumbling. ; Ho had seon Now Zealand bnttor analysis,:which 1 showed, 1&.50 I 'per i cent;' moisturo. , J Not:' ; ono case, but several; had come .under his personal notice.- -He mightbe ...telling tales out''of. scho'ol, ;hut ho knew the New Zealand Government , paid! a sum !of 'money- to :: a certain firm to have, a factory's .shipment 'of ■ butter (which had been sold to a oustomor)_ hrojight back,..to: have, 'tho extra-moisturo squeezed out of it-, rather i'than iacj 'fi prosecution;.,, Tho position - and reputation of,: New Zealand'■.butter;.' aire:Serious: they haiig in tho balance.'. Should any grocer bo caught and prosecuted 'selling New .'Zealand!abutter over the limit, " the loss in money to tho.far'mbrs of New Zealand! wbuid; astpnisli.'them.: '-.What the retail;.grpcers,;ofi '.Great/ Britain dreaded, .most, was; tb;...'liave' their names 'appear, in{ the. 'papers/as -.'li'av-/ ihg beoii'prosecuted •-for : selling;' foodstuffs adulterated. Ono firm, in -a. letter- to him, referted to a shipment,;,ex. Taintii,. It ; was; found to bo all running materially over 16 per cent.' The firm (continuing) Vsaid that- it liad 'to/go'.very carefully^!to.:,work, in . its methods of distribution; to avoid complication with tho-law, and perhaps confiscation of'the 'goo^s^.i^Such'.disclosures' wore- doing the industry a considerable amount 'of, harm. 'Mr: i Mackio wont jon to . say .that Ndw Zealand .butter carried' well. with" 12 to!.-14 per cent.;imb'isturo,:. but: if; companies ! availed .themselves of thp limit that allows, and-.increased 'the : moisture: to! 14 or ;16 'por must bo p_repared; t0,.£0 ,to .the ■; If-' tho;-cost did not exceeir Is. 6d; per cwt'.; then it would pay'them,,to .do it; if over, that sum, then, it would >not:-. 'With' 16, por: cent.; to .18" per corit.,.-,thoro was a chance . of fishiness developing- in tho butter, and \ great; risk . of erimiijal. prosecution, - and if repeated of-fences,-/imprisonment. :.'-;■ Don't Live In a Fool's Paradise. ' r He-"did- 'not - for a moment believe that the factories which; exported:butter iontain-. ing moisture ovftr "the limit allowed by law did: s.o' ; deliberately.^- But the'iact that New. Zealand!-butter was found to contain 18.50 per cent.'-showed that a butter makor could not 'control tlie moisture ho incorporated within 2J per cent; : Blenders of butter had no' very /great objection to: New - Zealand -' but-' tor cdntaining 12 to 14 per cent.,'-provided the special' class of buttjer would' 4 stand it. Now: Zealand butter had other valuable prO'pertioßjl%hicK. wore suitablo' to'-tho trado' r of' the blender, other than' dryness'. - ;Now. Zea-: land 'butter was too valuable and ''expensive fot' thbfpoorer classes, .and if • the'"eo'nipaniiss whieh cator for them, by: reducing tjio quality' of;, tho! butter : , by '.-increasing ,!!tli6 ■mpistnje;;;pbntont;. they, must; bo prepared; to./see.'.'that butter sold to tho public, at \b.'; por' lb; "If. tho grocers'. profit lvas'.to'l.bb,2d.' per lb:*, and it'cost Id. to export/it' and .re-: coup.-tbp.jhiporter, tho return; would bo 9d. per lb. Was there any sano nian .who' thought ho could increase tho water content of, New Zealand butter to tho limit, and receive from tho. buyers, the prices thoy had pid him in the/past? - Tlioy should not livo ill a fool's paradise, for tho bendors were not going to buy Now Zealand, buttor under past -conditions. •, ■ High Prlccs and tho Public. . • February, 1908, .would- -always vbo-!., noted for tho rapid--advanco in,price of- colbnial buttors. Tho first intimation tho -trade had ' in London-of n Shortness in-supply caine in a cable from tho socrotary-of: the association. •"Usually the Agricultural Department kept them up-to-dato with prospccts of.crops,' :seasfins,, etc. Fiiiaticial pcojilo did" not like, to hear of droughts, bad -crops,! etc,, and Government officials woro not inntinm-i to

circulate information that would affect their loan prospccts. It was entirely in New Zealand's own interest that tho trade should receive, early information of short supplies, but, on tho other, hand,.if Now Zealand was going to have a good season, it should lccop it to itself. When it dawned on the British buyers that; they .wero/ in for high prices, a. rogular,scramble ensued for, supplies.' It was a;'''panicky'' 'team, 'andjr'as'a.rosulti such, high prices .ivei'o ,'paid' on tho spur of tho momentj, that when .tho' reaction came, they wOntto'tho.other extrome.- That year saw New Zealand tho'same price as Danish, an almost unheard-of thing. Thie retailers had a bad time—they were paying Is. 3d. por lb. for; butter, and .selling at ]s. 1:1. Was it small wonder that.there was a slump? Tho retailers forced to, raise their prices to Is. 4d. and Is. 1 6d., but tlieso prices wore beyond the limit, of tho'; pockets of the earning public. When the retail prico'was raised, the retailors found thteir sales fall off 60 per cent.' ' •' ■

Had tho speculators 'been , content to 'leave' well alone, good- business' would have been uoirq ih' the.'neighbourhood .of 130s! Tooley btrhdt, and, in fact, the provinces, were like sheep without a shepherd.", in. fact, a , ( mob. without; a .leader.'' v They had no organisatipn .that;could, adequately cope with either a ris6,or a. fall. The result was that speculation ran riot, and there worO the two • extremes in a; comparatively speaking short: space of-time. -Immbdiatelv tho price reached 1505., .the margarino and buttep substitute manufacturers took advantago of their, opHe. could; riamo a large number 'biggest retailors. who provided,: ill ■various Ways', what they termed an insurance' against "panicky" prices of last reason. : There, was no d.o'nbt that one cffect of the present season, would-be to mark 1907-8 as an exceptional season, and bnsinoss noxt seal'kV>]y t° resumo its normal condition,/ and i bo -more subject to the ordinarv laws of. supply and demand.. . Dlfoharglnf! Dairy Produco. Under " this heading Mr. Maclcio'; said that ; valid reasons wero always .found for delays in Tho.Thames was only a certain ■\ndth;: and m it was. congested tho' twffio of all .nations. 'The slightest accidcntr—a fog, a Mo just missed, a hundred and ono things that would not matter, muchanywhere- clso,meant.©verything thero. /Considering all the disadvantages wider which New. Zealand dawT- produce;- wag handled, the manner in' ■: which . butter and: eheoso. on arrival were scattered throughout tho length and breadth: of the Umted-Kingdom■ was little : short of marvellous. .Differcnc? of . opinion existed as to discharging tho whole.''of Now. Zealand produce; at the.Royal Albert/and Victoria Docks. lifin.-tho N<iw Zealand -boat discharged..its butter. , at tho docks, : . it was ' sorted out there according to tho different brands. 1 That Which x required,, to. bo,spnt to.. Tooley. Sheet was forwarded up the river'ih barges, whilst produce-intended ior, tho;.;Wcst' Coast of' England: was-sent by, rail, from tbo.'docks to its destination; .Soros people, considered that it would bo an advantage if all tho New Zealand, produoo ,went'^d' Hay's Wharf; Tooley Street, by barges. The Australians landed all '™®' r :produpo. at .Tooley Street, : and claimed' .that' it was the best. Ho thought it . was' best;to leave well alone,; for .tlx) present method had so many advantages that it would bo a_mistako to consider any alteration. ■ Ho innE ,' 001 " on onc occasion' in' tho winter: of. 1907 a fog- for days. The traffic on tho Tivor wag .vory difficult;:-tho result being that butter, ex s.s. Ma'mari, intended for tho '.West, Coast and .North of England reached its destination by : rail,'wlulo'tho dairy*:produce~for ;Londoii was'slbwlyTibfiking its way U P the ri.vpr, hampered by tho heavy fog.:.. ;.,! .Disadvantage of Maori Names. ; ;v Jt was:, immaterial, whether; the namo of- a .company: bpri./a:;Maori: nam&or .not, r-Jbiut .it : matteredi a.-'-'grpati .deal::'when!:' One; camo -.to' selling-, j .the:. butter or .oheeso in England, to 'have, the; brand' with: I an .. unpronounceable title.... Ho had never hoard anybody attempt': to describe a brand-of butter or cheese with a ;Maori nanie :wlio .didinot 'seem to bolt the word with a; sort of an apology,' and, mumble ■ it in.a desperate endeavour: to.:coyer -his in-ability-to if-Jio: had onoo had: tho:brand;that: pleased;himj. could not' 'remember, a. Maori '.'name with the' same Readiness:' as', :aniEnglish '.'name.. £■# keyword, say, Whangamoraona, 'had ;no- ; - mo&ping .:• to : him, apart from .tho quality of!the:cheese,' but.a liamo sucli as:"Triuiripli'' hid a double moaiimg. .; It'appealed to him. as'a word which ho Ipows and: understands j. it stood' as an .idoa of .what tho maker of tho choose desired , ,to put into his work. • If a buyer got a bad lot of oheeso or butter with: a -Maori name, when ho camo on "tho market ' again; • and .was shown another factoryVbuttor with' still ;anothor; Maori,brand; he;'did not, look: at :it' '.with' 'cpnfidencQ-.;Affection and lavo for all •thmgs; Jfirori:.wa6 all.;very' well in::its : proper ' place','-;bu't sentiment dicl'.iiot •!6dl i v--dM»so.' .Jkforo' any "dairy company 'choso' a brand, or - shourd' ascertam' that " the ,namo. was- not 'already ,in■ use 1 in England' as 'm;marK' to 'designate n butter'\'or. cheese,. Brands' should bo so designed as to bo' free •from overcrowding, and thd name should bo easily /read on a - broad; lino right ' across tho centre of tho brand, not in the circle. If a 'company :would have' a Maori-name,! it should, only, bo used , when short and ! easily remembered.,; .:' New Zealand v. Danish Buttor. During tho past ; two years',, the difference ■in -the .price between ; New., Zealand .IfandiDanisli butter had , gradually been-, reduccil. From a ,set of tables compiled, extending over tho. past threo .-years,, the: difference Worked iout'-oajbutfer-jfop tho winter, season, October ■ to;; April;..' 1906-1907, Bs. : 2d.:: For the followmg • yoar, ; 1907-1908, the. differencewas 3s'..lOd.j .and. .1903 ; t0... tho: first week 1 in: April, 1909, 65... It, - would:,thus, bo, scch. that.-iNcw. ,Zealand butter had'ibeon ' brought closer to Danish by, £3 to £4 per: ,toii., '.That..was undoubtedly '.duo ' to tho better';! understanding that existed .through the closer association of .the -leading agents and■ tho :colonial representatives of - tho dairy- farmers.- Tho, •reason for the big 'difference this year 'was _ mainly;owing,to so many .of'the factories .uot ]( boing : up;to! their, usual: standard :'of quality,;: which ,-was 'in 'a;largo ' mcasurb' duo to the increase in'.the' peroe'ntago of ' moisturo 'by. 3 to 4 por/cent!, and also to' tho foolish. policy which a largo numbor of tho'factories had adopted of allowing tho goods to' bo handled by woplo who had no . .connection, for the . distribution, .and therefore only tended to-, drag ; values :ddwh through' their' indiscriminate offerings.--'A'.faotory jmight' think 'w ; hon,it sold its',butter at an'oighth or on(> 'sixteenth!: more, than; .its neighbour that it was doing well,' .but'-' if some of* tho directors' woro to visit London and: See how their pro■duc'o!;Was t haiidledf antf:the!.liarm- that'was done' to tho industry through their going out of tho', riigular channels, they - would,' soon ;find what they'were making at tho spile they , wore losing at' the .bung.' ■ The 'difference on cheese was very small, and. that articlo did not seem to have boon able to ovortako its Canadian competitor, as it was expected it would do'if a closer, association could be brought about. , Canada and tho Cheoso Markot. .: ItVwas;pointed out', by: Mr.- Mackie" that ;many of his .'remarks on. tho marketing of butter applied equally to choose factories. .During tho .past two.years there had been a steady run of' business at uniform prices. Taking-.iti all .round.: New: Zealand cheese ,ha<l- ■made., oxceodingly,: good v pricts during the past rseason*,' although- perhaps' not quite :so Jugh ; as somo-of- tho.most.sanguino of thospeculators.- anticipated,.'but .still,' when 'Now •.Zealand'-factories. got. such a !prico >as 60s. : their season's outputs they woro ..making , as much as : they eoulci ireasonably:cxpcct. • It-,was: genorallj' anticipated'that the: shipment of cliecsc 'from' Can--ada would not increasp. .but rather decrease ;Farmors in Ontarid/ whoro tho bulk of tho cheeso; was produced, had been .doing vorj' .well, 1 and in a general way wo'ro not working .quite so hard as tlioy' did'a few years ago whilst,a good many of them had gone to tho North-Western, districts '.of Canada, .whero land had been opened-up freely and wlioro .money had been niade : easily through specu.lating in tlm land; so that on tho wholo woro' foyer.--people; in : Ontario ..malting !cheese,i, th.ero... were four or livo 1 .whilst! th0,,,-constant'stroam : of jinvmijjpjtion 'ivaß-.naturally turiiiii{j tho. country -nitp' a..' much', larger , consuming' • power, i an;rilipi'r surplus for export, wouldj in his : .opinions-bp considerably curtoilcd. New Zca- , land'.s grcit competitor in tho chbddar clieeso .'trade, was Canada, and'no other country took ! .tjio business ; of supplying tho British public with, cheese 'seriously.. The .total "export of ' ohoeso from Ctmada was. as follows From

Atlantic seaboard: 1905; 2,700,000 - - boxes: 1906, 2,900,000 boxes: 1907, 2,500,000 boxes: and 190S, 2,260,000 boxes. The words "coloured" and "white" should bo stencilled on tho ends of each crate in addition . to tho brand; tho letters G and ;W were not sufficient. A deeper colour was always being asked for. The proportion, of two-thirds white and one-third, coloured was; a very safo standard, .'The change this. season in tho carrying temperatures of cheese had been a decided improvement, and should bo oontinued. Cheeso arriving in England during December, January, February, and March. should bo carried at tho higher temperatures, and cheese arriving in April and onwards at the . lower, ' range. ..Some merchants asked tlie Government oy cable to have tho temperatures reduced to their old lovol, but ho thought that that was dono uiidero, misapprehension. Thero wero'fewer complaints of tough cheese, .and 'the , cheeso arnvod/in condition' better suited, for the consumers', taste. . If, of courso, speculators ■ to store cheese, thoy did not ,w;ant it carried at the High, temperature. Some had contended that'the. increase in tho temperatures resulted in a greater shrinkage, hut ho did not find that contention borne out. by facts- to any. material extent. .In fact, this season consignments through tho. association, did not. show a 2 per cent, shrinkage, which, was less than .tho" shrinkage of the 'same' brands in 1905-6.' UTILITY HERD BOOK. : DEPUTATION TO THE MINISTER. The deputation in support of* the proposed : utility herd * book waited on -tho Minister, the Hon; T.. Mackenzie,'and asked him to permit' theGoyerhihent'inspectors', to test tho. weight and butter-fat of the milk of cows.offered -for admission to the. herd book. Mr. "Thompson, of .'Ngaire/r introduced tho question,'and Mr.l Griffiths and others spoke, pointing out the necessity of giving tho Government guarantee to. utility :• pedigrees of dairy stock. It was believed to bo possible by., proper to .'improve, the milking qualities of the herds- by 25., per cent. -. ■ The Minister replied that lie. was entirely in- sympathy -with.tie 'proposal,, and ; would ' do all that was possible 'to comply with tho requests rnow, made. i.The Government,- on tho Wercirba Experiment Farm, was working with Shorthorns and Holsteins and . Jerrys , to .reacli. the sanie'.aim as that of. the proposed'utility herd book, 1 , and .they .had tho same difficulty in finding good strains. / It ' had been suggested that the Department should obtain, animnls from' New South' Wiileß and.Denmark,.where.milking strains were in oxistenco.' If :-'mcanj : permitted, ; something ■ in that direction would . bo done. Ho". believed, tho sjreateat of . all questions in New Zealand dairying : >vas. tho '..proper selection of the. herds. (Hoar, hoar.) ..; , ' Mr. Thompson]' said . it, had. been; suggested that, in. tho. grading-of: utility.animals.there, should bo • aLfEm-eiit /{ braiids , allotted—one ■ ; brand for; cows giving 181b. of butter-fat per week or over,'.-another for 16 to 181b., otc.; : . : ' Tho Minister said, the 1 average .jneld of the Woreroa herd of C 5 cows was 290.61b. v of but- - tor-fat. per' annum. It was now suggested ' that somo Canterbury - Holsteins should be ; added-to the herd. Mr. Griffiths: Aro you not going to mix up the' broods 1 at Weroroa, .with 1 tho object : of'produoing a. bettor - milking' strain?; ;■The; Minister: That: may• bo one■ section of the work.- . " Mr. Griffiths: It has taken other countries Centuries : 'to produco 'breeds of milkingj cattle —tho Jersey, for instance; and tho,-Ayrshire. Does tho 'Department hopo to accomplish' tho same .thing in a few years? ■ Mr. Clifton, Director: of Experiment 'Farms, f said' that'this Svas a'. misappr'eliension. " Tho Wereroa '■ herd' ■ was begun with a.:mixod .herd, .which, when tho Department :to'ok ; it - oV«r, 'consisted - of '140, (cows'. ? - Nqw the' "number,; had'. been,"; ', reduced /.to"; 65, ■ and 'their total yield of butter-fat' was as great las . that from'tho; original herd : of 140.; In !that number-there woro; very, few 'that could ;b'o could :vonturp'te:''sell Ho'jSQtilcfi 'Vrak;.'fpr ' th 6 !purposp of' : pfodUcing'Hhcso': tliat- purchased ..in-' Holsteins wero, being .orossedj;' but, iiot" for .tho purposo stated in ,tho prosont herd.. Probably' aDout 20, woro .representative. Shortj but'iohly' a/ few- of;'theso .wtoo'gootl enough' for,' breeding -. stock . for ./distribution 'to' tho'. farmers. : Purebred . herds' of .milking Shorthorns 'had been, ' established, /..in : Now South Wales,: 'and,,' from these,. it was proposed to: obtain . somo stock. ~ If; was pro--1 posedto establisli : puro^^'herds ' of. Holsteins and . Jerseys at Wororoa, and other farms, so that,peopl6,'who,'.wanted'st6ck,;othcr : than . Shorthorns,\could obtain, theiuV: .'lt had, been stated'that; the herd, . which gave .the {good, yield. 'of; butter-fat:.inentioned, had not: beon'-bred upon: the jfarm,'; but purchased elsewhere.,'■',TKis:>as\Marcely:,correct;' -The [original' herd was reduced' ,t0'.55; CowSj : arid tlio -prosenftotal-yield' obtained, was equal, to tho total original yield... Only two purchased cows-,weroinow in, tho-herd,:all tho others having been bred on the place., Eleven .Shorthorns, weroipurchased, ,'witli' the' intention' of'building,.up tho herdv'jnore quickly, but, of the eleven,.only,-five gave a sufficient flow,of lhilk to' justify their, retention. ': Tli'ey gavo: a .'good ; flow.; for a short period after calving, but it so' quickly diminished that thoy. w'oro ' deemed i,unfit to, keep in the herd. - They, had, . of .course, to bo bought '.without '-testing,'.:, and 'a /certain number of ;them were , afterwards .' eliminated on':-tho tuberculin test. Other causes removed somo .of; the remainder, leaving only, two in' tho herd. : Therefore, the increased yield of milk had been;'brought about.'practically entirely by selection. ■'; ' Spealcing of tho proposal to import milking cows ;;fr6ni;,Donmark,vMr'.;f out : to: the' llinistor that Denmark was now tlio greatest purchaser of-animals from-Jer-sey. . ; :: 'v : ;.: V'-:.-".'-.-. r. : _Tho Minister finally promised' to consult■his officers; concerhing tho scheme, put liofore him, : arid said'lie would probably give a reply in a week. •; PASTURES AND MANURESADDRESS BY MR. B. 0. ASTON. :' An 'oxliaustivo piiper, entitled,:"Tho;'Manunng of Pastures m New Zenland," ivasread to the farmers attendint the Sliow Conference .yesterday,; by,. Mr; 8.,, C-. ; Astbri,: chief Government 1 chemist. Tho.;' paper, dealt in groat: detail' with ,thd chemistry of soilsi and manures,; and tests connected . with same. Concluding; Mr. Aston fsaid: Tho, study'of the; chemistry "of' Now'. Zealand', soils is .a :vftst onej and .evory. year; some, lie#, '.fact comes to light which upsets'some'cherished ideas which ' have becomo , part ;of- the agriculturist's;, faith. •:. At , Auckland Island a ■most nutritious: l grass (poa litorosa) was tound growing in n soil' containing 2 per cent, salt/ an. amount .of-which .would, according-to authorities,': bo fatal to most grasses.' .. .'. . Tlio -humus .covering :oF these ' islands - is: the constituent, ni'ost required to perfect the 1 mcchnnical; condition ;of most New Zealand soils. Humus darkens tho' soil, and hence causes the absorption of more heat from tjic sun, making the -soil; warmer', on cold days. It hohls water- in .droughty weather,whence making tho, soil moist; in: time of flood it allows the excess-of water'to drain, off .without 'damage: Mt' acts'- as absolvent for' plant food to 1 a great extent, and it makes tho ground'easier to 'work. -Thus,, to increase the; storei '■ of' hiinius -in '' clay; and' sandy T ' soils should -bo every farmer's 'aim;and -this can be accomplished, by ploughing in green manure; such as clovers,' poas, ' and ;boans,'. or oven growing."them';in -rotation; or in pormanont -pasture ,by increasing tho percontago-. of clovers in tho ground; for the roots whicli they loavo in tho soil will considerably augment tho ■,content of; organic matter.;' After a fow years the ; clovers vwiil die ; out. .and ' leavo tho land in much better condition for tho gro'irth of the finer , grasses. ' Tlio best fertilisers to stimulate .these, leguminous plants aro potash, and slag or super, according to climate. Where potash is plentiful it may bo- disponsed with, ami slag or suporpliosphnto iipplie*! nlonb. ; . , . ; ' ■ Considerable discussion followed tho paper. In the course of replies,' Mr.; Aston said surface'application of. slag: was somotimes.pre- . ferablc to ploughing in, bccauso the chcmical action of tlio air disintegrated the slag par- : ,tides... If ploughed iii, for turnips', .;it-.,-.was 1 best mixed with supor, which helped do- • coniposo it.,.'For'snruico dressing it was best mixed'with siipoi'. The thriving of :tlir- ; 'nip roots, without manure, indicated abundonoo of phosphorio acid in a soil. Tho

thriving of rape, however, did not mean the samo: ;t depended on tho root. There wero raw materials available in New Zealand to mako basic slag—liino, silica (or quartz), and phosphoric acid.- Tlieso, when fused togethor, mado basic; slag. It was, after all, really a form of cement.

; ■ v ( v v^ : :; r -'i> : "V"SS ' '•« •' r~ ■ : •■'•'•• •.•.!-'••■= .,• &■" \*4. •. eg . , Apiti -12.92 ,'81.47 0.75 - 0.08■: 1.78 Awttlinrii ........Lii... ",13.83-,81.5D, 0.48 0.14 0.96 Ballanoa ,..13.71' 8-4.65 0.65 r '0;03 0.96 iBiillailoe'CPsWaWa)" 11.28'86.58 0.4G 0110 1.28. ;Bflhlirthorp8V J V.:.^" : 12.57 85.08 0.74 ; 0.10 :15.1 Bell-Block J::'...:;..S~':-11.98" 88.29 '0.75 0.03 0.95 Canterbury; 13.85 V 84.00, p.9-1 0.19 i:02 Cambridge.11.51 87.03. 0.50 0.05 0.01 CMtenham>;V„;i.;i.. >J3.74;> 83.61 0.70 ,0.25 M0EcIips6; l t...x.; M -«i«. (M i, 1 : i 10,86 k '. 87.97 0.56 0.08 0.55 :r 4 .j.:,i..: ..,11.01- -86.77- 0.72 0.19 1,31 pretaunga -•.j...™..-.13.5l .81.69 0.77 0.08 0.92 •^iring» :r; ... ; ;.™'„:.;,ll-.95; 86.87 0.48' 0.0-1 0.66 : LOVin . 11.Go 8-1.35 1,45-.0.15 1-45 : 'MMgatob; r ..v.^ 18.23';' 85.72- . 0.95 ' 0.1010.60- - r "p-i 14.03, .25 0.7.1'; 0.21 0.70 : MidhiraV-...p.~:..'.:;y 12.93; 81.89 0.70 0.12 1.36 Mapioeville;v..v.vi...-11.15 .'85:53 0.68 ; 0.14 2.50 Maketawa;- 7 ..;.^i,...- T il2J6 A85i42 ' 0.70 0.15'. .1.57 .M.anfeore^: K ..™...., t5 ,,.xo J 81:: 87.05' 0.57 : 0:17 -1.40 Nickolarsen; •;12.17,--;85.21- 0.79 - 0.06 '1.77 Nofmanby . ,13.77 83.99 - 0.58 /0.12 1.54 :.:..;;.n..;;'Vi 1.81.80.48; 0.52 0.09 1 1.10 Nubaka 12:00; 86.32 ; 0.93 0.07. 0.68 Opotiki/ 13.03 85.080.62' 0.04\i;i8 .85.46 .1.00 0.18 0.93 Oaklira;12.92' 86.14 0.70 0.06 (1.18 Pihania 11.97; 85.R8 0.35 0.20 1.00 ■P^B^wahia;.-:,.;i;-.'r.ll.0O-87.75: 0.49 0.11 0.65 :Eang}.tlk€l i ; > ....u.;;-.,,13.35 84.87 0.87 - 0.16 , 0.75 .Rata.. ,Jl,54>,.80.97 ,0.55 - 0.05 0.89 boath.: Canterbury-, -11.09 *86.80 0.08 1.40 yj 15,: 87.39 . 0.76 10:05;. 0.65 rarata >'12.48. < 85.48 ;'0.86 ' 0.18 $1.00 WWWi ■(.12;i2\ 86.34', 0.48 v 0,08- 0.98 0.19 0.79 f wii i ry 88:25 : >0.5e: 0.16 0 66 [ ,.12.34 86.78 " 0.44 ;0.04 70.40 Whltford 18.20 -/85.15; 0.70. ' 0.05 0.90 iff"™, ■■ :12M -2 5:fl1 ' WV 0.11 / 0.74 c - 72 ;0.72 '',0.05 .0.95 fatter/ J D y. butter^factory : or. factory, manager not /V ■ having won-.a prize to value of' ,£5.' > y" - BnlW u" >,,M ?F' 7 84i0 °- S!) 0.01 0.91 ■nSn 11,18 ■ 87.00.! ,0.50 ;• 0.22^1,01 S° 1[1 f Ba y H.37 8G.42 0.58 0.16 1 47 Horetaunga *y. 3 0 81.00 1,10 0 08 1 82 Moa 1 armors . 1352 85.16 0 55 0.21 0 5G ■MunnoeviUe;> „H.1C 85.791 OiSO 0.15 210 Niokolarsen 12,M; 81.7(5 0.39 0.21 1.70 Nuhnka,,.♦•••••»<• 12.51, 85.11 0.97 0.17: 1.18 Xt* k S ■, 14:50 V 83.1S : 0.69 •' 0.14 1.54 Okato . jo.®-' 87.22 1.18 ;0.i4 ; i',06 '12.38 .86.96 :0.30 '0.09 0.27 marnn, 12,00.-85.87 0.43> 0.19 Jl.51 Bannirahia '-87;65.;;0.65 0.03 >0.85 South .Canterbury ,y-10.80r86.96 0.85 / 0.08 1 31 raihape ,11.08" 87.20 ■ 0.82 T 0.04 0.86 Whcnuakur* (not .given)., . .. ;• : : .: Class.'-3.—Best Box Export Butter. - Open to ;^ ho hadDot prev ': ousir Ileretauhga. , 13.67 ' 84.71 0.61 0.12 0.S6 Inangahua 10.63' 8.10 0.80 0.09 1 32 Moa .11.00 . 0,75' o.00 ; 0.80 Maketawafrr; ) .r.::.;.'.T.;'12.M-.t85.06:. 1.00 0.09 1,51 • O tatl 13.61 1 84.33 0.50 0.07 1.49 Tauranga 14.65 83.31 0.19 0.07 1 45 Tar?'* 11.11 87.10 0 99 0.07 0.70 ■]Vliit{ord.; ; : ii I2j3a,;86.p9 . 0.77; ;0.13 0.63 Q'K 5 ? 4 '~® 6 , st ' Box -Export' Factory 'Butter, Vv^WOTfflptnred'.':at.;th6'.;F4ctorr : ' ot - th'o ExlubitprV :;-AV : :• -v,- ;; , i^-/!"; ;""--"""'- ';84;44 0.68' . 0.09.1.55 Awahuri '13.57 S2.76 0.85 0.19' 2.03 Ballanco WA..,„„;^- J ll ; 26 • 87.44V 0.52 •:0.05 -0.73 BallancsfPnhiatua) >: 14.56' 82.54 '0.60 '0.12 --218 Bunnythorpe--r-.;ivnv'12.-78 '84,&3 C 0.98 0.26 1*15 Canterbury, 12.93 83J5 1.02 0.14 0.76 Cambridgo 13.36 84 42 0.90 0.11 1,18 gidtenhqin 12.86 .83.86- 0.68 ; ' 0.09: .1.51.' Hillsborough i - 12.81 85:10 0.72 0.11 - 1.26' follranga ............12.80 85.08 " 1.32 0.12 1.12 Lovin . 13.26-.84.84 ,0.30 0.32 1,28 -14:45 62.67.,0.63 Vo.li '2.14: Moll3^.s..:.^....; j :14.04- .83.13 ; 0.89 ' 0.21 .rl.73 Moa JFarmofg« 13.34 .-84,03 . 0.87 ; 0,18 -0.88; Mldhirst.v.,."v; 13.81 83.04V 0.75 0.16 -'2 24' .'Matotawa.:-,''..'.V;Vi.;;iJl3.1T.': 8.1.05 ' 0.58 0.16 : 1.04 - •Nornianby ;;;-:15l70 - 61.26 1.01 0.03 -1.95 NorS(i\voo(l.-. -<,.'....ii... ,ll,88 ::85.36 , 0.8tj 0.26 164 i3.82 ; 84:15 l.OO' 0.23 O.SO Okato,. 12.33 85.51 1.02 0.06 1.08 OakuraU 86.43 > 0.'63 0.06 0.84 PihaniaV! ;.;..;....'..^..;.'11.98 ,85:57=' 0.63 V 0.15 1.62 Rangitikoi" 7, ">13.83 81.31 0.87 0.19 0.75 •Tauranga'ir.34": 8726'" 0;G0'"0:08 '■ 0.72 Tarata;.■:;;'jl2.16 85.46 0.88 : 0.19 1.31 Thames; >13.64 ■ 84.36-1.20 ■' 0.36 .1:44 Taihnpe & , ;.;;v.:_. N ..l;.'£'11.08 ■' 87.92 ■' 0.35,- 0.05 0.60 ■U-nit«<l.;Dairy-V...'...i.'-. 10.-18- -88.17 < 0.56'/0.10 - 0.69 Whenuakurc,:; 11.80 87.20 - u.28 0.21 0 32 VVaitara - 'i.;:...:"..:...:' :'11;40 :86.12 0.74 r 0.08 '-106 U.80'