ESPERANTO.

Dominion, Volume 1, Issue 247, 11 July 1908, Page 15

ESPERANTO.

(By Si H. Whichello, 'of the Gregg Shorthand Institute.)

■ THE tenses. The tenses indicate the . time of action and its state of completeness or incompleteness. Thoy are either simple or compound. The simple tenses are formed by adding "as, "is," or "os," to tho root of tho vorb, and the terminations remain tho same for all persons and numbers. . lho compound tenses are formed by the auxiliary verb esti, to be" and one of the participles of tho verb, which must agreo in number with its subject. "Esti" is conjugated in exactly tho same way as all other verbs. \ • The throe to'nsos used in Esperanto are tho present, past, and future. . The past tense represents also tho • tenses we call i'imporfect,"• "porfcot," and "pluperfect. Duration of action of the verb. —In English, to express'the continuance of an action, the present participle of a transitivo verb is used- after'the verb "to bo • in all moods and tenses, as "I am loving, or : X was (have been, shall bo, should bo) loving; imperative, "Be thou, loving." These forms can be represented in Esperanto word for word as tney are in, English, if great exactness of timo.b'o necessary, viz., by the com-, pound tenses, "Mi estas (estis, estus) amanta," or "estu amanta." To show that an action is continuous,or habitual, .the suffix-, "ad" may'be. added to the verb. .Examples : "Shi kantadas'lii tutan"tagon," '!,'Sho keeps, on singing the whole day:" "La birdoj llugadis de arbo al arbo," "The birds were flying • from tree .to tree.-"- • -The commencement of an action, or a sudden action, as shown _by adding;the prefix "ek."\ ekkantis," "She began to sing ;" "La lumobrilis," "The light shone;" "La lumo ekbrilis," "The light flushed." Emphatic form of verb.—ln English this form consists of the verb preceded by "do" or "didj and is confined to tho present and past tenses of the indicative and subjunctive moods,• and the imperative mood .of, the .active voico, as,; "I do love," v"Ho does love," "I did love,. "Do love." This form in Esperanto, can. be represented by the adverb "ja," "indeed." Examples: "Mi ja lin amas, '.I do love him ;" "Mi ja tiel amis shin,. ' I did so- love her." BOICS AND KOKS. • B. Kvankam ni estas divigataj-qkupi tiuny chi chambron ankorau kelkajii horojn, mi no vidas la necesecon por transni al ni reciproke la gorghon. - - v"'.' • . K. Efektive mi tute malaprobas tian agon. B. Miaflanke mi no havas ian malamikecon gravan kontrau vi, sinjoro. K. Mi ankau ne havas ian grandan antipation kontrau vi, sinjoro. B. Plie estas jo Sino. Bauncer kiu estas kulpa. , . . . K. Kompreneble, sinjoro. (11l proksimi- ' gas. siajn soghojn iora post iom.) . B. Prenu peceton de mia bulko, sinjoro? K. Dankon, sinjoro. (Disrompanto peceton). . 1 ; B. Chu vi kantas,, sinjoro? •' . 'K. Mi iafoje kantas on hhoro an aueto. B. Nul Kantu hhoron,. sinjoro, au kantu duetonl . . . . K. Mi bezonas mian edzinon por tio. B. ;Viaa' edzinon. V K; Tio .. estas, \ mian estontan edzmon. B. Mi vin gratulasl • K. (ekghemanto) - Dankon I . ekvidante). ke - Bolts sin . pretigas foriri). No foriru, sinjoro j mia..edzino,/mi -.intencas diri-niia estonta edzino nevenos tien chi. B. Mi- kompronasl Vi havas komfortan . lpghejon tie chi kashitan 1 . Ru?a •' , K. Tute .- Binjoro 1 Sed mia edzino mi petas pardonon-—-mia estonta edzino .estas posedantinon do '■ granda nombro dei banvoturiloj l ■ B. (subite.) Ha I KieP (Premanto la brakon do Koks.) K. Che shatat-a marbanurbo.. Vere rij estas tre scivola. B. Neniel. . It. Nu, pro tio, dum la bansezono—km " feliche estas ionl'Monga—ni 'iiinintorrnkontas tre maloft-o, sed char la bansezono nun preskau finighis mi cliiutage. atendas ; vidi...mian karulinon! : (SeriozeO Chu vi estas edzo, Binjoro? \\ : B. Mi? Nu,- l ne precizel K. Clin fclicha fraulo? B. Nul ne ghustel_ .K. Tiam vi estas vidvo;' ' , \ ' B. Nu, no absolute I ' , E. Mi petas vian pardonon, sinjoro, sed . eßtas necese ke vi estu aii edzo au fraulo, au ridro. Vi ne povas evit tion._ _ 1 - B. Chu mi ne povas .tion eviti? K. Nek vi, nek iu alia vivulol B. Ho, povas esti tiel! Sed-mi ne estas; yiva. ... . • K. (pushanto reen sian seghon). Vi.par'donos min, sinjoro, sed me ne shatas sherci pri tiaj temoj... / , B. Sed mi no sheras, sinjoro; mi mortis antau tri jaroj. • K. (ekkriegante). "■ Silentigu, sinjoro! ." _ B. Se vi ne'volas.min kredi, vi povas_esti certigata de multe da miaj plprantaj. amikoj... K. Mia kara sinjoro, karega- sinjoro 1 se efektive estus ia nova elpensajho, per kiu edzighonta viro povus eliri tiun chi mondon, kaj samtempe resti tie, mi no estus maliontenta ghm koni. ' TRANSLATION. B. Although we are obliged to occupy this' room still for somo hours, I do not see the . necessity to cut one another's throats. ' - C. In fact I entirely disapprove of such an act. • ■ V •' . - ;•■ ' .-'• B. On my side I havo no kind of serious emnity against-, sir, . ; • - '0. I also have no great antipathy against you, sir. ' : \ B. Further it. is Mrs. Bouncer, who is . guilty.' ;0. Of course, sir. (They gradually approach their seats.) '■ 1 B, Take a piece of my rolL sir. C. Thanks, sir (breaking off. a piece). ' B. Can yoir sing, sir? C. I sometimes sing in chorus or duotl •••••B. Well! Sing'*a :chorus, sir, or "sing ,'a • duet! C. I want my wife for that. B. Your wife? • • , C. That: is mv future wife. B. I congratulate you! (Takes his hand.) .C. (groaning)' Thanks. ' (On seeing Box ready to' depart), Don't , leave, sir. My, wife, I mean to say, my future wifo, will not como here. B. I understand! You have comfortable little cottage on tho quiet hero I Sly dog. C. Quite wrong; sir. I repeat, not at all, sir. But my 'wife—l beg your pardon—my future wifo is the owner or a largo,number , of bathing machines. _ ( •B. (suddenly prossing the arm of Cox) Ah, whore? C. At a favourito seaside Indeed you are inquisitive., B. By no means C. Well, becanso of that during the -bathing season —which fortunately is rathor long —we do not meet together very ofton, but as tho bathing season now is almost finished, I every day expect to seo my darling (seriously). Are you a husband, sir?. B. I? Well not oxactly. C. Are you a happy bachelor? B. Well! liot precisely! , C. Then you are a; widower. , B. Well, absolutely, no! . C. I beg your ,7 pardon, sir,-but it is necessary that you bo husband, bachelor, or widower. You can't get out of that. . B. Can't get out of it? G. Ncithor you nor any other living man. B. 0, that may bo so! But I am' not alivo. C. (Again pushing back his seat) You will pardon mo, but I do not like to joke about such subjects. B. But I am not joking, sir, I died three years' ago. C. (screaming out) Silence, sir! , B. If you do not want to believe me, you can be madp sure by many of my weeping friends. . - C. My dear sir, very doar sir. If for certain there wero a new discovery, by which ono about to bo married would bo ablo tc leave this world, and at tho samo time tc remain thero, I would not mind knowing it. ... ■ -