ESPERANTO.

Dominion, Volume 1, Issue 235, 27 June 1908, Page 12

ESPERANTO.

(By S. H. Whichello, of the Gregg Shorthand Institute.) Relation of tho Participle to the Subject. . , llc . n a participle, relating to tlio subject or a sentence, but not qualifying it, oxpressos the circumstances, manner, time, t o '' of on' act. it takes the i t ! orm " Sample:—"Promonauto ® trat o. mi falis," (While) "walking crhin n, S 1 0 -' » nil"' "Trovintc pomon, mi ?!«V" ?l"v Ha ving found,an apple, I 'however, the participle does.not J?, 0 subject of tho sentence, we . , e . r change tho construction so as t„„ „ i , Portion of the sentence relate to the subject, or use another mood with a, conjunction, adverb, etc. For instance, wo can say in English: "Tho hE» T g / Un , we crossed tho bridge; therefore, it would be wrong to say La malamiko] forkurinte, ni transiris la ponton. So we must change the construction as Having put to flight (made to run away) the enemy, wo crossed the bridge, " Forkuriginto la malamikojn, ni transiris la ; Or.;the best constniction would bo:—"After the enemy ran away we crossed tho bridge." " Post kiam la malaniikoj forkuris, ni transiris la ponton." ill transiris la ponton." 11l the sentence, "Swimming in the lake tho man saw a large swan," it is not clear whether the man or tho swan was swimming, but in Esperanto there' is no ambiguity: Naghanto sur la lago, la homo yidis grandan cignon." Here the participle. t naghanto, relates to tho man, the subjeet of vidis." If wo wish it to relate to tho swan, wo may make it agree with "cignon, and say "Naghantan sur la laco," etc.

Expression with Propositions.— Without can be rendered by the negative ne and an adverbial participle. Examples:— Li alvenis, ne avertinte min," "He arrived without (not) having warned mo" : Mi ne povos tion chi fari, ne estante subtenata, I shall not, bo ablo-to do this without (not) being supported"; "Mi-iru al la danghero, no timante la morton," "Let us go to (the) danger without (not) fearing death. "For" can bo rendered by "ke"— that (or, pro tio, ke) and the - indicative. Examples:—"Mi estas al vi danka, ke ri avertis min," " I am thankful to you for having (that yon) warned men"; "Pardomi al mi, ke mi tiel faras," "Pardon me for so doipg' ; " Pardonu al mi pro tio, ke mi tiel fans, ' Pardon me for Saving done so (that I so did)."

BOKS AND KOKS. B. Kaj vi, kiu vi ostas?. K. Kion vi bezonas tie chi, sinjoroP B. Kaj vi, siiijoro, kion vi dcziras ? E. (flanken) Estas la presistol (Li metal sian plcton Bur la komodon.) " B. (flanken) Estas la chapelisto! (Ii metas sian pleton sur la tablon.). K. Im al via subtegmento sinjoro. B.Mia subtegmento 1 Mi no loglias en la subtegmento. Ghi estas via loghejo. K. Preslaboristo, mi dohos al vi teruran baton, so vi no eliros tuj mian chambron. B. Vian chambron 1 For de tie chi tuj, malestiminda chapelisto 1 Tin estas mia chambro. K. Vere! Ha, ha, ha I Tio min amuzas. (Tiras paperon el sia posho.) Jen estas la lasta kvitanco de Sino. Bauncer por lo luo do tiu chi chambro. B. Kaj tie estas la lasta kvitanco de Sino. Bauncer por la luo do tiu chi ohambro. (Li motas la paperon proksime al la nazo do Koks.) ■ . K. (ekkriegante) Shtelistojl " B. (ekkriegante) Morfcigo! Ambau. (Kurante al Ta pordo.) Sino, Bauhcor< Sino, Bauncer! K. (Metante la kapon tra la' pordo maldekstra.) Envenu. (Malfernas la pordon Kaj eniras portanta pleton kiu. se enbaras tekruohon, telerojn, sukerujon, k.c., kiun li metas sur la komodon.) Ho, vel Mian kotloton I (kurante al la' kameno). "Ho! kio estas tip xhi ?\ Ankorau unu.fojon la lardtranchajho I:;. 'Jo diablo I'j Mi he' pom toleri tion. . (Li malfermis-la .fenestron, jhetas la lardon eksteren, kaj revoriinta al la koinbdb, altlevas la pleton. Jo tiu chi, momenta Boks revenas el sia shranko Iran pleto surhavanta lian manghilaron. Ili ambau marshas flanko cho flanko al la antaua parto de la.scehojo.)' l Kiu estas vi p

(Eniras Sino, Bauneer.)' Sino. B. Kio. estas, sinjoroj? (Boks kaj Koks preninte chiu brakon do Sino, . Bauncer, shin alkondukas al la antaua parto de la Bconejo.) B. Tuj forpolu tiun chapelistonl K. Tuj forpelu tiun presistonl Sino. B. Sed. sinjoroj. i ... , K. Klarigu! (Tirante shin- al si.) B. Klarigu! Al ldu el ni apartenas la ohambro ? . K. Jes, virino, Al kia el ni ghi aparto> nas? B. Kompreneble ghi estas la mia. i Sino. B. No, sinjoro. K. Chu vi audas tion, sinjoro? Lai chambro apartenas al mi. Sino. B. Ne, No I Ghi apartenas al vi ambau. B. Kaj E. (parolante samtempe) Kionl Al ni ambaul' TRANSLATION. B. And you, who are youP _ C: What do you wan't here, sir? B. And you, sir, what do you desire ? C (aside) It's tho printorl (He puts his tray on the chest of drawers.) B , (aside) It's the hatter! (He puts his tray on the table.) . C. Go to your attic, sir. B. My attic, I do not lire in the attio. Tliat is your dwelling place. C. Printer, I will give you a terrible blow if you do not .immediately leave my room. B. Your room! Away from here immedi ately, ignoble hatter I , This is my room. C. Truly) Ah, ah ; ah! ...That amuses me (draws paper from his pocket); Here is the last receipt from Mrs. Bouncer for the rent of the room. . B. And here is the last receipt from Mrs. Bouncer for the rent of tho room. (He puts tho paper close to Cox's nose.) C. (shouting) Thieves! B. (shouting) Murder! . Both (running to tho door): Mrs.-Bouncer, Mrs. Bouncer! C. (Putting his head through the lefthand door): Come in. (Opens the door, and enters, carrying a tray which has on it teapot, plates, sugar basin, etc., which ho puts on tho chest of drawers.) .Alas, my outlet! (Running to\tho fireplace.) Oh! what is this? The slice of bacon again! The devil! I can't stand that. (He opens the window, throws the bacon outside, and returning to tho chest of drawers, lifts the tray. At this moment Box returns from bis clipboard with tray bearing his breakfast things.) Who are you?

(Enters Mrs. Bouncer.) Mrs. B. What is it, gontlomcnP (Bo* and Cox taking each an firm of Mrs. Bouncor, lead her to the front part of tho, stage.) B. Immediately send away this hatter! • C. Immediately send away this -printorl Mrs. B. But, gentlemen. ... C. Explain! (pulling ber to him). B. Explain! To ■which of us does this room belong? : . G. Yes, woman. To which of us does it belong? B. Of course, it is mine. ' Mrs. B. No, sir. C. Do you hear that, sir? The room be. longs to mo. Mrs. B. No, no! It belongs to you both. 8., and C. (speaking together). What! To us both?

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