ESPERANTO.

Dominion, Volume 1, Issue 180, 25 April 1908, Page 14

ESPERANTO.

(By S;: H. iWhichellb, of • the Gregg-Short-. .: hand Institute.) \ ■ "O" and " u." The 'series "o" nerver relates to persons', but always to things which aro. not ' mentioned by name or- reforrod to by a personal pronoun. ■ ■ ■ Examples i-rlfto estas tio? What is that? Kiu estas til}? .Who is that? Tiu estas mia , •,fratb).kiuyromenadas kun Bia ddzino: That .is my brother Avho ,is walking with his wife. , Tio, estas,: kion mi bezonaa: That is ; what ; I 'want. .Tio, kio, kreskas .en mia gharddno, estas kverko : That, which is growing in my garden,-:is,an oak. . : 1 "la,'' \"ial," etc., "chia," "ehial," etc.' All the words commencing "i" and "ch" have the meaning of " any." .This is owing to a pculiarity in the English language by which, * in some phrases, the word " any "f. carries the meaning of " soma" but in others "every." Tho-primary meaning of tha -"•i' ,, . > i series gives the idea of "some," and that . of the "ch" series of "every,":so we mustbo careful to note this distinction in tran's- • lating "any?'-into Esperanto. Nbte the -difference in the two phrases, "Anyone can /do.that," and "Someone ;can. do.that?'; in• the former wq meaneveryone;'' but',in the' ' latter "some .one person.",• So ,we say: ."Chu povas tion fari":. "Any ono can do ' !i that."; "Iu povas tion fari " Someone can do-that." ; If,' however, we make tho i ■phrase' interrogative, negative, or .conditional, then " any" does ■ not givo the idea of "every," 'so .wo" use "iu : "Chu iu: • povas-tion fari?" " Can anyone do that?" . "Mi ne ■ konas iun, kfu povas tion - fari ": ■ . "I; do not know-anyone who can do.,that," ■i \or "Mi, konas noniun, kin.-povas tion . fari":l know no one who can doXthat.". .- "Se iu povas tiob fari, 'ghi,mirigus : 'inih": " If anyone, could do that it would astonish me." \ Note here.that "iu." does not.show -, tlio sex, therefore- we use (as. in English) . tho'neuter: pronouns" ghi.!.';i ~ ; £ ; i v. 'i-' • The " k " series, followed by / ajii;" may. . also'..b'e ; used, as ■ shown in the.:examples; to . give a stronger force ,to the. word" any,!' as: "Donu al-mi ian libron, kian ajn vihavas": " Give i.me /any, book (Whatever) you have." "Mi vidas Un,/.kiam. ajn mi iras Londonon " " I seo him whenever Igo to London." : " Kion.. ajn' li, diris. .tio estis negrava":, ,".Anything (whatever) , lie saidwas unimportant," or, " Whatever he said did not matter." "Li ne permesos .al ,-kiu ajn tion- fari": "He will not allow anyone . (whatever) to do that." •' ; - NIA ITALA G'VIDISTO, ' j (Vcrkisto Mark .Twain.) •' . Mi uzas chi-tiun okaaoh pof diri kelke da ■■ vortoj pri Alicaelo, Angelo. Buonarotti. Mi chiam respektegis lin/tiuu.chi potencan geriio'n, kiu estis granda en chio, kion ajn li'fan's : granda. en la poezio', granda en la' skulptado kaj arkitokturo. Sed mi-no .dezir^s/Micaelo ' Angelo'ii• p'qr la matena*;. taga kaj-! vespera .• , mangho; Mia iafoje amas shanghon. En-Gen- ' .»•- ' ovo li.donis chiujn'planojn, : en-Milano—li au liaj lernantoj: li faris la'planon de lago . Komo j. eh' Paduo,',yerono, .venecio, Bolonjo oni audas- pri neniu (kompreneble de la gvidistoj),. nur. pri Micaelo . AnfeeloJ ' Firenco liichion pentris, li donis planojn proa- : chio,' kaj so li okazo.ne faris iohj-lii '• almenau regardis, ghin volohte, li sidis sur la : shtono, kiun. oni montras kl ni. En .Pizo. - li faris planojn por chio, ekster, la tieatilro— • . ech~ghin oni alkalkulus al ii,; si .ghi lie estus' tiel toruro klinita. Li'faris' la planbjri : de Lv Liyorna palaco kaj de r impostejo/en Ci- ' / vjta-Vecchiaf; li fine.'.; sedlghi estas- -lieto- ,; lerebla:'li faris -la,planon de sankta Petrb," : de Papo, de;Panfeono,'de;la-uniformbj'de 1' sr. papaj Tibrq,, VatikariOj'Koloseo, Kapitolo; Tarpea 'Shtonegoyjalaco' de v ßar-. ' berini, Johano ' Laterana; Kampanio,'- Vojo; I ■ Appia, Sep- montetoj, ide : Caracalla,. • akvokondulriloj de Klaudo, Cloako chi tiu eterna enuiga' segilo faris la planojn :de Eterna.Urbo kaj, se chiuj homoj kajdibroj no mensoga's, -li pentris chiofi en" ghi. -vMia koleso diris hierau al la gvidisto: Sufiohe, • sufiche, sufiche! Dirunenion plul;Prenu chion bune kaj diru"' ke la Kreinto faris' Italujon lau la planoj de Micaelo Aiigelo 1 - Neniam dum mia vivo mi estis tiel kontenta, tiel trankvila, tiel -plena de bena paco,. Kiel hierau, kiam mi. eksciis, ko- Mi- : caele 'Angelo ne vivas plu.: Ni eltiris chi-tiirn - sciigon el nia gvidisto. Li.kondukis nm tra mejloj; da pentrajhoj - kaj skiilptajhoj en la • vastaj koridoroj de Vatikaho,'tra'-mejloj da pentrajhoj kaj s|ulptajhoj en. dudek aliaj pa- , lacoj; li' montris al ni la.grandan de la Sista Kapelo kaj freskojn, kiiij por freskigi-la tutan chielon—preskau chio tio ostis farita de Micaele Angelo. .. ; Ni- decidis 'uzi kohtrau li rimedon,, per kiu ni venkis jam multajn gvidistajn—malsajho .kaj ldiotaj demandoj. -Chi tiuj'kreitajhbj-nenion' suspektas—ili tute lie komprenas la sarlcasmon. Ii montras al ni figurajhon kaj , ' — Statuo bronza. . . t Ni rigardas indiferente kaj la-doktoro de- • mandas: ' . ' , — De,,Micaele .Angelo? 1 . ■ : — Ne, 'oni no scias, do kiu. ■; Li montras\al m la antikvan Forum Romanum. La doktoro demandas: ! ! — Micaele Angelo? j Mirego de 1' gvidistoi .; - — ( .3\e,'; mfl''■ jaroj?antaii ; lia, : naskigho. • Egipta'obehsko. Reo: , . . . - —Micaele : Angolo?.' ' - , — Ho, moff-Diou, smjorojl Du mil'jaroj ' '• ■ antau lia naskigho. • > ' -. - . .. Li iafoge fanjjhas tiel- laca do la .senchosaj - r demandoj, -ke -li timas montriial m ion ajn'--La malfelichulo'penis komprehigi al ni cliiam-; , • aniere, ke Micaele Angelo estas kulpa'pro* ■ kreo nur do parto do I'-raondo, sed ghis\nun ' . li ine-sukcesis. ' . OUR ITALIAN GUIDE. r " . (By Mark 'Twain.): - - I am' .using-' this occasion to say a few 1 • words aboiit 'MiehaeHAngelo Buoriarotti;. I , always, respected'him, this-powerful, genius;, who- was great;'ii}-everything l that he - • . . • great: in poetry, great in "sculpture '' and" architecture. But I do not desire Michael . Angelo . for the "morning, midday, and: even- : ■ iiig- meal. I sometimes like a change- In -p Geneva .gave: aU plans; in'. Milan, he ] or his /pupils; he made the plan 'of Lake' j Komo;,-in;-Padua,' Verono, Venice,\Bolonio• 'I on e -hears about no \one '(of course "from- the ' I guides) but' Michael; Angelo.'vln Florence ho painted everything, he gave plans for : almost everything; and if he, ,by chance, did not do' v something; he'at least'looked favourably on..it; he sat upon a stone, which.they showed' to us. In Piza lie made plans for every-' , .. tiling,, excepting; the . local tower ; even 'it ' ' /they-'.would attribute'to him if it'had not ' been, so terribly crooked. Ho made the plans of the Livorn palace and-of the Cus-' ; . wm House in Civita, Vecchia, lie. filially. '. / but it is i intolerable: he made the plan',of, • holy Peter, of a Pope, of the Pantheon, of the unifopris of the papal soldiers, of, the | Tiber, Vatican, Coloseum, Capitol, Tarpeari « Rock, Palace of Barberini, Johano L'aterana, •_ Kampanio, Appian Way, Seven' Mountains, r- ' BathS of Caracalla,.'Aqueduct of Claudius, Cloako Maxima—this eternal wearying saw made the plans of the Eternal •; City, and, if all tho people: and . books do not lie, ~he '' painted everything in ; it., My-companion C . said, yesterday ( to theguide, " Enough, enough,-enough,!-, Say no more. : Take every- .. thing together:,and -say- that' the' Creator made Italy according to tho plans of Michael Angelo." -:.Never:in.my. life'-was -I tentcd,' so calm, -so full of blessed peace.' as' . yesterday, when we:.discovered that' Michael Angelo no longer lives. Wo drew this in- i* ' formation froin/our guide. He took us , .. .through 'miles-! of paintings' and, Sculptures , C a 'in the vast corridors!of the Vatican, through miles of paintings and sculptures -in twenty Ft - other palacesjshe showed to us the great picturo l of ~the -Sista Kapelo, and; frescos '• which, would be'sufficient to fresco tho : whole .; ~ sky—nearly everything was made by Michael Angelo. ,We decided to employ against him i a remedy :with which we already had vanquished many guides—stupidity- and !idiotic 1 '' question's;.iThe.se:.creatures suspected^nothing —thoy;!quitp failed to/Understand the'sarcasm. HeV shows us "an ■ imago and - says': Bronze statue./We look indifferently,"and tho doctor, ask's; "By Michael . Angelo ?" " No ;, wb" do not, know by whom:"; He shows .us rtlie old Forum Ronjanum. . /The doctor asks, "Michael Angelo?" Astonishment of guide. " No, a thousand, years,:before, his • birth." Egyptian obelisk. Again, " Michael ' : Angelo ?" ' ■'' Oh, ray God, gentlemen 1. Two ,- thousand years bbforo his, birth.". He some-timos-becoms so weary of the incessant queS-■ tions that;-ho fears to show us anything. The,, unhappy man tried in every way' to make -us understand, that Michael Angelo . ' is responsible : for the creatipn of. only a ! : part 'of the worid, ibut-iip.to now he has.ndt succeeded. '. . . '. •*,