ESPERANTO.

Dominion, Volume 1, Issue 175, 18 April 1908, Page 12

ESPERANTO.

(By S. H. Whichello, of tho Gregg Shorthand Institute.)

Series ending in "om "—quantity verbial) ; " iom " —somewhat, some quantity, rather, a little, some;chiom"—all, all of it, the whole, every quantity; " kiom "—how' much, how many, what quantity; "neniom" none, none at all, no quantity; "tiom"— so much, so many,' as much as many, that quantity; "tiom .... kiom"—as much • ... as.

k® votero cstas iom pli varma The weather is somewhat (a little) warmer. ■ . •

Jen est as sukero, prenu iom da ghi, sed no prenu chiom—Hore is sugar,, take - some of it, but do not take all (the whole of it). Iviom da chevaloj vi havas?—How many horses'have you? 'Mi havas neniom—l have none (none at all). Tiom pli bone—So much the bettor. Tiom estas malfacile . memori— So much is difficult to remember. Donu al mi tiom da akvo, kiom da vino—Give me as much water as wine. ' Kiom vi scias—As far (much) as yon know. , Kiom eble—As far (much) (many) as possible. Kiom ajn da teo tiu kest-o povas enhavi, tiu cbi povas onhavi auoblo tiom—Whatever quantity of tea that, chest (can) will hold, this one (can) will hold , twice as much. -

Series ending in "u" (persons or specified' things), pronominal:—"lu"—someone, anyone: ".chin"—everyone, each one: "chinj"—all, all (of) the . . . ; "kiu" —who, he who, which, that, what one; ''nemu"—nobody, no one: "tiu"—that (one), the former; "tiu chi "—this one, the latter. • ■. ;

estas tie—Someone is there. Mine Tjdiß iun—l did not see anyone (someone). Chiu aglio havas siajn devojn—Each age lias its duties. Shi legis chiun libron, kiun mi renkontis—l knew every man whom get. Kiu estas en la ghardeno? Who is m the garden ? Mi konis chiun virbn, kiun me renkontis—l knew every man whom I met. ■ Mi legis chiuin librojn,. kiuj vi pruntis al mi—l read all the books that you lent to me. Tiu pano estas fresha, sod tiu ' ■® s ! ;as . ph fresha—That bread is new, but this is newer. Tiu, kiu havas la haroin mgrajn—He who has : the black hair. Neniu estis tie, tial mi vidis neniun—No one was there, therefore , I saw nobody/' Tin ajn li estas, no estas maisaghulo —rhat man',-whosoever he is, iB not a fool. Shi fari&his < edzino de iu bankiero kiun slii lcoms pli bone, ol chiun alian.—She became wife of a. certain (someone, a) banker, whom she knew better than anyone else. The foregoing remarks on* these 45 .correlative words show the'importance of a correct knowledge of_ their true .Note the following difference in meaning of those ending in:— ' , ■ (a) "Al" and "ol.". It will be noticed that .the series ''al" represents phrases in English commencing with . "for,'.' as:-r-"For some reason; " for every reason," whereas in tho series "el" the phrases commence with "in," as:—"in some way," "in every way." Bear m mind that "al". relates to motive and "el" to manner. .Note tho difference,of meaning in tud and tiel;'when followed by' ke. Tial, ke —for the reason that, forasmuch as, because thftt. Tiel, ke —in such a manner'that, oo that. Some beginners " seem to _ think that .kial and kiel have no difference in meaning, which is equivalent to using "why" and " how " indiscriminately. . Kial li faras tion? —Why (for what reason) is he doing that? Kiel'li faras'tion? How (in what way) is ho doing that? < , ' ' ■ LA KARAJ BRACELETOj. La Duko fine farighis malpacienca, veturis en la ' Imperiestrau • Palacon, kaj petis: pri la rodono 'do la diamantoj. La - afero klarighis, kaj la; Duko konvinkighis, ke la imperiestrino neniam sendis peti la braceleton kaj. ke la''homo 6n la iinperiestra livrejo estis unu el la plei kuraghaj shtellstoj de la chofiirbo. Li,ordonis al sia, vctn'r-' igisto vetnri al. la ostro de la polico, kaj, antair ol la nokto pasis, centoj 1 da • plej lertaj;; policaj- ofioistoj/itraserchis la tutan ; Parizou pro la : shtclitaj. juveloj. La Duko, ..ploniu7do);>tim<>! -'dtoSMWStis'' eV'la polica: ofioejo, dum la Dukino on la domo maltrankvile atendis la reporton de- shia braceleto. Jhus bat is la sesa* horo, kiam cho la pordo do la; palaco de la Duko forte eksonis: la sonorilo kaj unu polica oficisto deziris paroli kun la Dukino. Profuride salutante tin chi rakontis, ke oni kaptis la shtc-listou kaj trovis cho li la bracelet-on. Sed la fripono persistas, ke li ne. estas" shtelisto, kaj. la braceleto'; jam :de multajjarbj • ■ 'sin • trovas-: en- poscdo de; lia familio.-; Tiar la J)uko petas :sinjorinoh ; la ..dukinbn, . shi, trans-, sendu' al-; Ii la duan braceleton. por ke oui' Povu kompari la Ne diranto vorton, la; Dukino malfermis : sian. ;juveliijon kaj dbnis al la polioisto la duan braceleton. Tiu j chi knn profunda Salntq, forlasis la chambron kaj la sinjorino iris dbtmi kaj songhi pri siaj braceletoj. - Kiam ,la- horlogho batie la' horon,; la ..ambasadorp, laca' do' mal-J dormo-ykaj' en irijalbbna humoro, venis en lachambron de;sia edzino kaj jhetis sin.malespere - stir seghon. La sinjorino 'inalfennis s ' la okulojn kaj kun gaja rideto domandis pri siaj braceletoj. Malbonita bando okkriis k Duko ; ni nenion povas pri ghi. Kiol okkriis : la - sinjorino, chu n- gnin ne : rioevis foturno? La ! oficisto, kiu, prenis; la duan braceleton," dins',-, ke la. shtoßsto estas kaptita kaj la braceleto trovita che li. • La Duko eksaltis .kuni'krio deteruro kaj "petis ,sian edzinoh kun .raulca vochoi .ke.shi aonu al li klarigon..!' Shi ,ghinfaris, ■ kaj' ghemegante la' 1 Duko; falis sur. la • seghon.; Mi chiori komprenasl Li ekkriis. La friponoj shtelis do vi ankau la duari braceleton, char ni neniun sendis tien ; 'chi.- La homo,' al'. kiu vi-ghin donis, "ne ,estis oficisto, sed ' ankorau pli. arogauta shtelirto; ol la .nnua. Kaj tiel ghi efektive _ostis. La braceletoj neniani. ?sti's retrovitaj, kaj nur per ghemo ofte la ambasadoro rememoradis la paradon operon, kin faris lin je kelkaj milionoj malpli richa, ol li . estis, kiam' li- siari belegan edzirion. levis en la. KaleslMn kajordinis. al la .vetarigisto yeturi- al la'bpero. '■ ' ■ '

, . THE PRIZED 'BRACELETS. .. . (Literal Translation.). \ The Duke finally became impatient, drove to the Imperial Palace, and inquired about the return/of,, the diamonds. : The affair- was explained; and the Duke became. convinced that the Empress neVer sent to ask , for the bracolet, and. that; the man in the imperial livery was one: of, the most daring; thieves m the chief city,. He ordered .his coachman to drive to the chief of police, and, before the nijjht passed, hundreds of the most skilM police officers searched through the whole of Paris for the stolen jewels. The Duke, full of fpar,- in the meanwhile remained at the polico office, while the.Duchess in the house anxiously awaited the report about her bracelet. It had just struck six o'clock, ivhen at the door of tho Duko's palaoe was heard a loud ring of .the • bell, and a policeofficer desired to speak with tho Duchess. Profoundly saluting, tho former recounted that they had caught the thief and found on. him tho bracelet. But tho vagabond persists that ho is not a thief, and the bracelet already for many years is in the possession of his family., Therefore, the" Duke requests her grace the Duchess, to send across to him the second, bracelet, in order that they might compare the two. "Without saying a word the Duchess opened her jewel case and cave !to tho policeman the second bracelet. Tho latter, with a profound salute, left the room, and her grace went to sleep and to dream about her bracelets. , When, the clock struck nine, the ambassador, weary from watching, 'and in a Cad humour, came into the room of his wife and'threw himself despairingly on a chair. The Duchess opened her eyes and with a gay smile asked about her bracelets. "Cursed gang!" cried tho Duke, "wo can find nothing about itl" "..Whatl" exclaimed her grace, " did you not get it returned? The officer, who t-ook tire second bracelet, said that the thief was captured and tho bracelet found on him." The Duke jumped up with a cry, of terror, and asked his wife, with a hoarse voice, for an explanation. ■ She gave .it, and with a groan the Duke fell .upon the seat. "I understand everything 1- ho exclaimed. "The vagabonds stole from you also the sreond bracelet, for wo never sont here. The man to whom you gave it was not an efficer. but a y«t more daring thief than tho first." And so in effcct it was. The bracelets nover were recovered, and now often with ' a sigh the ambassador remembers, the opera parade which made him by some millions loss rich than he was, when he' handed his beautiful wife to the carriage and ordered the coachman to driro to the opera.