FROM THE FAR EAST.

Dominion, Volume 1, Issue 16, 14 October 1907, Page 4

FROM THE FAR EAST.

.;■ ■' ■ ■■"• ..■■•■ v -Chinese ( '!-'Affairsi;^i.;. i ;:.-i| -.■-; .THE-FORWARD' MOVEMENT^ iNj';THE- . ■ : - :',:,., '■■..-'; PHIMBPiffESIi--V . •; • ; .-;:,' ; v'---;>v=. l -r-'-i.it-- ii-.OT*.!.;;:.!:?!- ' :]■■ ■■/-■■ ' ; A''Sbci&t^^jlp^N : ''«|.a^';!' , ■: .'••■■■■.- '•■''■ ,'...j <pt~l f.foi.),i;«: Vjuniiit.i:'' •; '/•'■'■ ..; ytßy^OurlSli^f'jDoffe^pbnlon^.;^!^ ■'. ' ; : i- ; iHtfhg. ! Koh^ ! Sdptemßor ; l^.:;^ '■'~ China's Future Ruler.- i.' Dame Rumour is l §ver'busy with the name of : that. rcmarkablo woman tho Dpwagor Eni-) '. - ;prcss f :of:China.:;Ey;ery,"i,now, and-'agaih her ' •."retiremp'nt?',is. reported-rbiilyg to bb-'- followed' ' . ■ a fow. days later by thdWsual'ifjllspme'' official ' ■contradictiori:';'A- fb^dajy.s!agp.'ti'a.c'us}pnary ~ rumour;- again \filledj ithp, 'Qhiiiesq'v^re.s^-il.it' ■ ";said 'thbi.Jilmpress^Powagp^JiadMdecidcid^tq, , "retire in January next, leaving': all':■ State' affairs entirely,to tho';caro i .of the Emperor. Preparations i fpri thisj-' ; i£ ; was assured, wero' all in,'progress. As'-'with-politics in other' Xparts ofHhe'jworld,'tho.■rumbur-iquito->sc£tlcc!.': . ,/tiKo, -were., to fill\ tho-: : 'high-' ; .placo'.' : '| ,:l Pn'nce': ■^■.Chjing-jwas: to -retife; v,, ahd H 'bp;^ ;''.Prin'co".Sun as'Piimp r ';Minis(;6i';' i .whiib i-l'uan'' '-■ '.iSh-ik l ai ; ;.and. : Chaiig-,Chi.','-iEung' wbiildvbecpmp.' ;. ,' Vipe-Primo" Ministersi , : •|TYliether:ihe'ro:is ! .any, .Ojfoundatipn for:this , , latest-raniour'';has'iiot'yet- ;; •; leaked but, ■butv.Vicerb'y(Tuah:;Sni;' i Eai ai ;the ,/ -'iriost notable' figure in^Chltia.'s^.Gbve'rnwent j ,Bnoe} ; the- bf.lLrHpijg'^hang^wasl-sum^ : ' - ,moned. tb .Peyng., ; last. ~ inpn.th;-ahd/it |was>bfficially-!annoiinteed"tnat;.i ... '• 'his mission was "to discuss th'b'-impPrtant' . matter of the thp|,JClirope.,'.'.;' • There .seems littlo- ,dotibt.'jth'a'£"thp.'''agecl' .■;"'Dpwager;..Empress!.iis;;'anxipus 'to Vsettlb tjjio. '■•'; of "a successor.-v ;Yrian ; Shi' 'Kai's' v ■-■: Bummbns to;.Pbking, -was -preremptbryi'- aftd-on . .''vhis'arnval,- ; _at' theycapitalihejhad'iseyeraliiri-- ,! ■...terviews.-:withv'-then^DowaigerrEtnpress'j^but•' .' J : «othing-was iallqwe'drrto leak 'out- as tp'.'tlie .t-result 1 of,his.'a'udicncb;: ;: :Eyerything;'.has!' been.' ' . .''kept artd'ilat the ,timo;.of :; writihg'no; •-.'--I one ■ hi.d been''allowed,..to' learn what*' had' . -'^.transpired , .within.'itlie^'palace.'■■ As a ; 'corise-' ■■.. " quence,- ■ there !'isi;tp-4ayhaT great'feeling; of . Tineasiness'.-.and'V'-.-suspehse [■■ •amongst-. 1 the • ■'... 'Ministers and officials of'the-capital.' ■'"■■•.'. d'etat ■is.expec.ted ; dailri: i.'",. - : ■■'■', ■ ; .-/'?-v;;. ;,. '■ 'The , /better-informed of'the'.native 'Press. ■' .-.'Btatb-.that ; ;it-:was«the':pnginal. : 'intention; of; -. the'''Empress-Dowager ; ito : - r appoint' Princo;'l'u :, ■;■■. '■ : ; Lun; Len. 'app'arent,';ljut .later'-sho'' r 'decide'd n to,' 'select; the :sonvi'ofMT.Princß'~.Churi'-:for il j;ho^ : ■'■'■'... hbaoWed\>po_sitibn;'H : Tliis;'*"ropoTt- "has.' again' '■'.-,-; been ■'discredited.' V;-|Evbß' , vif; the'Bm^rest'iab'-' ' ' : '■' dicates,' the' Emperor -Kualhg Hsu'i-wll;:tflere; '■!is. not. tKeslighteskdoubtj.'be- reinstated =;"-un-"j ■" less.he be mTirdere'd'.bf, ; dib ifliftdyiincpT , ;'Maiiy, :.''-!'BUcH;rcontingencios ; .';are' ; >' possiblfe'-'infChiridr : Prince .Pu Lu'n; is ' not'an h'qir tb : tho'Thronb, v ■.■■■.-•.'■ndysirealy.'brit a"fpivr"th-blass-;PrihceA-.'flip. > ~ma who will' takb'.oyerythVcbntrorpf ;IHo,. : ■ .':CMnesb"Enip'irm.'to-dayi|hce i ds ! ito^ho"'ai'riiler' ; . ':.;■of 'ruler's, i for''his^!Empire;''cb'Mihis^mil i li"piip;. '■ ■ ■' of people, all ;s|;riymg ? --ibr'%Jvagiie 3brnbthing; ' ".'. •.they.':.khow;-they:'heed r ,i ! but "allvdistrustful-ot • the aotibris'pf , each'-p.ther'.>: ■■';'- r * : ■ ■''-'■'■;'''""'" iv,

; i'.'-.i:i;:imi : iiv ! ! ','v;t r .China'shigh '"officiali". recognise 'that'-roTolu-. '"/'.ition: is. eYerywKere^l^Becent'm'ee'thgs , .'(jf/vbry! ■''high ; oilficials:and ; Prihces , '6f-th({ r BITO to, discuss 1 the^situatibrl'iih'ff'enQbavoHir'td'firid' a means of placating tho discontented-made ;., no, attempt, to : . hido the' '..n'atiorial.'"3anger. ;• Those ' ■pi eSent'"reepgnised''that'-*'the . }i oyolti-: ■ : '. 'tioriary party■^i,s'[strri^g ! }fthaV'iywjlJ| , skikc) ■ •' for.'Mforin'is , i ever.ywhWe r -'bel.i'e'v^d ; : i /' ; A : n3-'|thero; . •'■ is furth'er'a refo'rm-r-is V political :andJ,£(dmi!! l istrativiP^an'd J ' r iW't'nlio7 , '' f ' i force'of'arms^-syiirbeKtteohly'reme^'forHhoT . .■ present; sWfe?pf:(afFairs. i .''.dhijta? / s l p6dpJ6 , ->cle-; ,;, !'Bires'sonie'kind : 6f re]sfe^ntat{Y.eg6Tfernnien't,'i •:"'aridi deferit'as'sttS' ! iftay;^t^'ill'cfffne-'.'sbnlte ■:S-day:'"oneV6f--':the'^ . '~-"named l l Sut,'.'adypcW«d-'>;-ap§t'drtlmg'''..p.'olicy., • s 'uttf.'was that niildcr'^atJit'udo^lJp'iiltl^'bci-; ■ l3 .'a i do'pted; towards ' jiblitic&'l^ ; disc6iii;c',fit§. : "ii.e; .'urged th'at''mer?y :i &n^t6l.er^ : ''exteridedt'6'tlieWpe'onioVsd'tfia^thbirlVcaftßjV, : when not'-16st ;; altogteth , er r: 't6 -.•';■'bo-won back"to(lfaithful'.'ailisgiance"to'}the- .-' '•• Government.- ?■'■ I Hith«rt6'>; jpSHtical-'-'Sgitatoro! who have fallen into the : han'd3~of ; .'t}io aiitlibri-^ '> ties-'haye me%^with" ! K--Wlftlsi:caffl'hie{ ; v6i-dict;.; against" which' ntf v a'is6al*f!oitld aVSilii^'When;. -■■■'" justice"" had ceased;- ■ .'••, to :' ;i China's Crand-Old?Man;<!*# -' .Vjceroy Yuan?; Shi^^di.^s^aVrenmrkSblev figure 'in' Chiria ! s :; Tiist'ofy •x)f- r t6-tlay : .' t '' ! Was' Jtr; not the'grcat. iSapo'lebif-'whO '. : • will'. create'": t : !-.b' Miiarif*? 1 ' "If ; ! Napoleon' s-'-wordsi .. wefe"tnie"'6f tbo^ote^'days'-bpirrahcoj-iaiidr W6iapplicablo , t6''tlifi' ! 6.oniplicated ;; *c6nditibnfii ■.;:of the Chinese;Ei'flpire' : a's^tinte-eiisesV'fch'eii:- . Yuan Shi Kai.is the maii.that natiorflie'cicb.-f Unlike the mass "of" Chinese officials Yuan ■ Shi Kai has power, position,!. or wealth:.. .Rather, ho is a> student.of na- ; tional:Goyernm<;nj.' Ho.has declined promp- . ;tion, 'ahd-iiisi'pres'erit' l o'ffic6~'i3 li^ltt- I .bocausc_ .; : 'it.'.is .compulspryl-:' ; Hb 'fyit kecn^brganiser,"' ~,; and '. an ablo : "admiiii.stVato.r,.- aifd'deep' do.tfn.. iif •■■•'his'.'h'e?art : hoiha3va''-'patri6t's.-'love^.''t'or; r 'Cliindr :.'■: It'; was -'Yuarr ■ SJii'. r, 'fiHi' ;0o ; ; :' forces' 'bf'-'Clu , " to-day'?ahd'madc^tho'm' i 'mt6 r: ; '■ a modern, ■wori-cijillud; ;, and r 'Vifll-<!quipped ' - array; : But he ainis at,,);he.. i ,gc.id., | gqyerii-; "'.. ment of .China, the settling"of'."'ato-raal ''strifid,'' ■ ; aiid'the'devoloura''entf6'f , h'is'crO;»- - faSmore'^ ■ •■:■ ho.dwircs-wpili-kp-IJhinjjs.^iSe^has-'just-'Vpresented -'air ■fmeif^'al■■- to^the : t!i;it' ; tho ; '.i?okirig"-Gov-' . .•"eriunent.Vsbmild' cijrefvi!)^ ; - | Stiid7..;-tho'. cons^ ./ quduces o: t-'Ve recc^Vj'J^rroifto-iTspAi'.ose.-agrec^ , nient,."as,-fur ai'Vli-cpri.ciirnS/ehilwV^and-.'dc- 1 vise • means toi gftfo;;uUi'd:' thd national ■• in- '■- .tert;'sts : ;'t;!o;'adw)t;ori of and : ''unequi-'' ".focal, policy ■■•i'csa'rdiiig.vthovii'ntrodiietabii; of' '- ■ : fco'nstituti()r..i.! : a<!m(tii_str'atjon'into China;Ahc' extension -'of •■thoi''liotitsjh"siefcal' govdrnin'ejit' system's-to other provjnces.ns, spor...as. voi r ' siblo; tho adoption of i r 6ii:'nui!(ory''ci;luc'atiqnt;' - tho''estaljliSlliKcnt.-of.CiovcviisiciibJgoodrfaith' :;; ■ with' tho; pspple;;'. tho.'irebi'sinisatiqn -of^-thc' ; ..';•■' Board- of.-Warpand tiK".thorqup;h-:investi<»a ; ' . :- : tion-of ; C-I'itia'3 ritisns'ia-l'.cphditionj-.80 ai! - to 7 pnvp ' fclic ■iwa7',-.- f ?'Atli6.--«'flop!sbn •.of : "'a. ,, 'gold' •"■iii/t.hs ■-'{ fcturiv •>: -Tfeeae..' ara;s',7o.e.ping' • ,■■ .icforips'; r,nd'the Gr.i!:ci'-Co'.ratiiiJor3 : -:;of.;'Stnto' ■•:' a:id the.iitftsiddiils'Aof -Ihoyvorious .'. hiVl'rlsiA'j;..;lwvQ',.!)cen;palled;,o!i ; coiisiclcr. "Biia'.r; Shi'iCai's' oug^ostions. , .',' ,: ■' ' ?;Chinese. - : -,..- ,-.'^ri^! • ' ... .'.China -is.vrcr.p'Eiy her reward;for. sending ■,:'■' '.studiinfcs' abroad; -'Whether 'the reward -'iis :"■ 'what '■'her adv'ijp'rs 'OApscfcd -is; #;very ; .dmib'tful 'quaatiSy'i.'. l ; T':a v G!iiii'e">e'"'sti:dent i, is ) abofc'all tilings, blsji-vant. ■ Ho learns a good.-.deal more than..nis tutor teaches .him;V"'Arid"'th'ri .•.' -stiuleut.\T.'ho /returns 'tb""China comes' back •■; cojujiriccd thiit/refornivis nqed'od.-' '■ Usually 'h'n , L ; is\:proiiqunccd:va';'.Rqy6lutiqKnryJ' and'/often- :: times his.'.cavcbi - ai?'a refdrmcr' is '.cut, very ■•;' short, ''Yet. tljfeAtido'of''reform : rolls/Etendily

'■'"on, and "the Association , 'is'.'to-tirty a:f : organisation' iywlthy , ; '.well-informed,' 'aiurfar' drenching..'' Oii^'of , its' members' isf'.'toVday-jp ' prisoner'in Horigkonp; , goal awaiting tlio.ro-? -v suit; of oitraditionvproceedings ;'on a 'bhargo l ■ 'of' arincil Ho gave' evideric'o oir his' ':o\vn accoiiiit.'ahd admittMl'lie .was "Hie "'second'in chargo in tlic.Tc'cehfc'rebellion" in Swatow.' •. Ho said a!so ,that/he:organised'3ooo troops,-; , and. 'did so on the advice, of tho Reform' •,"■" Party; v/iipiliiidd.oii.idpd to attack an^'nian>wliQ'dfd^'not'do* li'is'-diitiy oft;' _/whbi treated tlio;'pcbplo;h'arl;hlyV> Six''*l-Tdiiry o ■ :",Berkeley. ;clefon'drid th'b'pnrisdher,''and,'urßod■'■•;,thafc'his v o'ffcnc'dV\i r^'a': ,bolit.ical-.()n'e,' ) an(]''that ; ..• political prisoners -'could'not* be. .exlraditcd; :/' Judgment wasM'oserved:-. But-'tn.c?cas6v"wa3'' : ; an" indication- of f.iio-v/-.far\tlie Refoi'm-A'sso"-" cia|ibn!s ramifications"estc'nd. , " !, '-' , '- ; . ''■' ,'-.- China; and Korea. ■',■:•'.}_.. '-,'•/ yX-:\\l■■'•■_■.. ■■■■_ n y.- ; ' : -~,'i '■.-•■' The'treaty ju3t,siynedb'etwcen."llussia-and , ; • Japan .provides:tthal)>.bbth: Powers-shall- re-r cognise the independence of:China', : -her'tcrriW ■-tbrial "'integrity; ■■ and. thevprinciploiof .equal. '•• internatiohar , opportunities ?ihi; industry' Sandi. ..-commorco. When the.:purport ■ of' tho';'treatyi> was .communicated toi tho • Dowager by' Prince/ ChJingjjshe - said; .the-; rc<U- r efltcct'> '■•'■'. would- depend' on:': the ■etrorigth ; ;bf - China I- ■ ■- Therefore tho -Government.must-,.take,great ■care not, to. let China/; meet,.with-tb6. fatc'of .Korea and Annam.:,But the'Powagcr;-need . .hardly • worry -QverVisucK • possibilities.-ii iTho .Tartars long.ago cortquored : .China| with.what result: the Mongolians-absorbed the Tarfcar&l} Japaneso-conquerors iwould likoly,share [the Same fate. :', ;...-i"'.if-l.!.:i:':r 'i , - .•'•• ,-■:.•:.!•■;-«■ • .'w;«w;. ■.••::■ ;-i :•;:!*•;: i -'•

The t . .. ,_,, v ,y. - SIA i kas 'don'e' 'wuclf-k-Uno Philippines. -Jonathan-, took, over Manila as a turbulent;-dirtf city:•-To-day it possesses clean strcots; it has been given an up-to-date sewage' system";"its""car sorvico is ps up-t.QrcJ<' i t9,,as, < ,Yankeo ingprnufe can, ( ro«k° {*•' Thb"new'control' once spoilt 4,000,000 dollars on Manila jHarTjdur, and to-day It shelter.s;.v;ossels from all parts of tho world. , ■lai9oI 'jnorc.than- a, teacWs^ vellt ! ' i ftQin i, 'the;' ; 'Ohitoa" St%>;_to, the^Phi lpines."' ' ; Thf rerajt'-is#jb !: to-dayrs{)o ) pOO ( ' attoE(ling\ u s<;hbp)/r, and; there, are,.ten :tiroes' ; Irdqni" FiVipino'r.wjio 'fiani'.'speak, lyiglish than • tlipre children who could; .speafc ! ■Spanish: during'thp. 374' years-tho .Dons con- ' nienced W devastate '.tho Filipino' herds -..the ; 'AriKiVipan''s6i,ontist; i arrcstcd■ itj.^tl^^p^ica-:ti6n..of'-,36ieince;i liasj in.-MCfe 1 ?.) 01, - , 'Manila,a clean,.hijroMieaHJi', .whore, .in ,tho ofdon' X days; plagiib killed thousands-yearly.;. And all this has been done out of-ithfl rnvonuo. . .of.the. .alone,, Tho.Jnitcd-.States, (Government qnly b tMhp jCOsfaof, W ft'oops::anJ'i 'thq r : JfajT-• •: Ntwt . mpnth, I 'teeewt^y,;;^;;^ tho..Ph_ilißpiqes A j,whmi lv the, ' .the.|i!]pino,. was,,.fpr.,iho . 'in. his'listqry—and/, what, a i; wai;like, ( histpry,. ; 'bis. is^allowed;,' , ib';;.rot'e, 1 fpr wnb H _sb'ouJd;bo, ' ia : tpijsp'ekc'tion^ s u -l!!#Ori. the-onp-timKlpLpfi'thp ■Fi!]l?ff";,too|j, mm% "m the , political' .campaigiiV .-Se,;'?; 0^,!:"?*- ' !ev,eiV romster;.as aSoter:;;. Ho ■hvofi^Qayjto,., .'Xticlv is'-fft -PTO?P.^9 U 3 - J ? r - .!4 0 -..? a5 :s»,> ■,n6litics:;havp;:4b.;aitrac|ipn forjiim. i-and ho.. lias : -::aan£;;A Philippines' possess 'a population of about, S 000,000, and, to-day, there:i;ar(jftno;,;fower : . .klian; ; e)^-I)ipc i)i mld i .,tri)),es. .Botli.gold and,; , Jwve,4),e,oa, fpjnied,- for 'tlayeloi^i?,spvpr ! ryl ( .of th,o (l )?fisb,.Eli l 9,\Y.s r ,.,,.,j ;:

.t)i'q a iea!fling*'Japaiieso. :: v'aniacUlar' bijeri' biyt. ; tho "diShp'riost iand,imiiibral. ■pract-!sb's t :of.:ip,r.eign mbrchants','.',hut.' h'Aively.,adds,;that ,4ijon:'a:the, i pa,syn)ay.,hayo:,ifien, i worap tljan 'lit? tHor'prbscnt.^imo.'-' , ; It...qshorts Japanese .'merchants"to .!b.bthoiiest' : .in their.-dealings, 'addaiig'dKat'.'J&ropancies,'.between, samples : iVn£ ■of,,.agrepments, the .;'&#." in; ; business. liavo- been; Vprasi}ses | ..;ldng,jiii; , { ,\'ogue ...among Japaneso 1' .; vr r ;•-. ■/,;.; A nn -;.' - • -.-.._; Mr. Kcir Hardio, M.P V tho hope-:of-'the. visiting .tho, troubled ■ifiast^and,' mayhapi T ,iiy,,.thQ..itime, he... returns, :',toV l J];ng!and.,v,'ft£terj Australia. and :'.New-Zealand, he^will ■bp.able tq r suggest some. ''solutions.' bM.lio.;many-yexed questions -the. i.' Of ienfcVpossqssesV-f or.-.- the ; ..Empire., [, Jus iQuductvliore,,jfi!linot ; mept with ..gfiPPM,-ap. :j .'.prbvalT-fronip- ; ,on,Q, t.sectioja.;.!.of; h.is,..followers; ; 4'hQi>an'.iviV«?P.-ffE» d .ly^-'.r e^.se4iA?-]°^^^ (j-p-.therEarliaraeutary; etiguetta,pt n wearing ,a, h.ead v -.wi J th,;a v small, oap,, a,t.tonded;at.,GoyernmentjH.pus9,.in l Mpng-. kpng-U He'-tWent , sightj.sooing,- carried, ,iii tlio-v,yic,a,-regal. r 6,e,dan,.chairi;, > witlivcoplics : '■;arjPftyei>4n^th'e'^][toy^eoarlet.f_ ar .Cmineso, r 'npiipotnen».tthpuglit--it. i ,was;ia n,o\7i,J<9,f-Oi)o, ' {JbvornoV . gocjalistip" leador, • while>;thp, Sikhs-in tho. streets,; with..tho;his-. tpry;'pf':mil.iUry : ;.glpr-y;)running.,throughotheir ; regimcntal-.rccpgmUeiin^ho, cliair;.<;sQlies;siar<!he | ij|bpldly: 1 on,vboaring :i tl)oir, precioiis burden,pr.ou.dl yi ,%pngh i .^hp..streote. ■The.-jirickshawj-jcoolies,;,who, wi,lk ; tako :: . ) you •around f btjnn rhour-- jEpr -fiftcea,,cants,., ,wpre : probably regretting thaf.tl}es;';)i£firfl, l -nofcisu,o-, cessful in having for. ,a ij far^ ! such i! a;.,groniinont visitor.; ■ ••--"■■' , i ;!J|lterMtliSgnUaJHnCaSO., r , l: , f ■'/•'■<■.:.'. X, ;;';, • ,, ; c 'Ati's S tra ; lkh' ; 'Mf' , ls!gammg i a , i-itt tHß:Easfe, '&b :: of^hp : Sm'prican'^boycott'' -whetf; 'tho*,GhraoJe American gtidds'at 'any-prito s or If: i tlie". , Australiafj i , : or ■'shipper * ,L f ill ?s'erid g'dod goods J ,h"o- can-easily u lie''n'bw 'handles,'";and : AusWalfan' «6ur l! ma'y ,:; be i( abliJ -SJBat "Aixst-mliali-' fetfcr ! " h'a's' all ! MtTi^r f 'WaWs^6lv r thb' r 'EaS{efri 'market:' !A > 65sb'iull v bf ? intcres't''tb"Aus|ra1ia1i, shippers '"#•& ■Bci'6'fdl!tkb u Hongk6rig'?ep«i;ts' this'Hveok, u W6srS'' r l)aYig,' i; G)ide,':-g9n :, ahd :, 'Cb.- ;; br6ught ■■tiib f: '6wrie'rs v MdeSliW:';*6' : fb6bvorno3 <'• dbllar Sj ;. the ■-■ dif''fortilßs bet#een|tho.liihoWt'Teceived-'at-auc-"SibiL'.'orf'foiijyi-iraght'-teigs of' , flour r 'sliipp'ed. at 'Syarieyfand^lVb'plaintiff's r c6's'l3's'on tlio"siunp:. ; lio■■'pyaiHtiffs«.■'cpmenVlca■•■tliat' l; Hlo l •:Seg''Ca•l•i' 'riago of" G'Spds v Acfc', , ''passetT;:J)y .thgi-eoiiwfioii-'^wbaltli^MMS%'*nt:, 'ilid" cfa'-uses'' : m""''tli<i i "•TsiiSd : fbr%eir 'owli -prot(<c.tfoTi^n-y:■ slnppiifg; '■ib'mV)affi!;s.,-' T alia-: tTi'sit'-.tlib cottMbt 'cai'ttag(i''of. r frpur ,J bcihg' made' nv- Sydney-■■the : He"a-dar'Hase v --of. tp'btf'con-i •'•licleTo'cl. • 1 ' i a |wit)|j i 'c'fistsj" 1 a)Kl %h!id"n'p l negligence 1 on thtf-par't'-of'tile plain:!fcitfs"haitfßeon jKva,:;""' 1 '';'' *~°'; ;.j;.,