A FAMOUS GERMAN FARM.

Clutha Leader, Volume I, Issue 28, 21 January 1875, Page 3

A FAMOUS GERMAN FARM.

1 Eight or ten miles down the river worn Malle, on the Saale, lies the pleasant German village of Satamunde S-tbe residence of Herr ZimruerniHnn, ind thecentroof a model German farm, »ith its seveval factories fov^ working up, fiie rarv products^ This estate commrises an area of 8490 acres, and is in P4 separate parcels, having been Brought up a part at a time a circumitances permitted. Beef, potatoes, parley, and rye are the principal proffluctsj and their culture employs. a coiit : itant working force of 6.QQ men and »omen, which increases' inbept harvest So 3000. The men receive on an average, in winter, 30 cents a day, inSummer, 35 to 40, . cents i the ; women Rndboys in winter 15» and in summer,, So ceiTts a day,. The laborers receive ■sol according 1 to their position,- rye mead, potatoes, and some cheese and h THS;rMVE stock comprises 25 carSage riding horses, 160 working horses, j»!0 oxen, 320\.cbwsV 150 young 1 cattle, ffl)0 hogs, 50t)0 N sheep. The horses Sere- formerly purchased. Jn Dpn^iaElr,, Spt are. now._pr.ocjired._ift,. Belgium, wout 26 per annumj.between the ages ms fiyetflnd. seven jeays, costing on. ai^ »erage COOdols. a pair. Their daily Hed is 20 pounds oats : , 10 pounds geadow hay,,<:ut sjTaw ad. libitum'. In '1^ • -,?f e working 1 oxen\ are .. Since a\\ ,tl?e ; plqughing' js in ; the fall, a great deal is savet] WBf this dispositioix.ot the stock* ., These Ken are furnished Vy .breeders .in. Sa^crUt fb^Cfrom 90dols. :to. lOQdola. »r.head. Their feed consists usually » fn^.fofloSving •-r-'?^ ip.u'Wi's distillery Kfuß^ t -20 pounds beet- sugar pressings, K gQunds coars,e,,grQun,c|, barFey or qats,, Kppunds ( oilcaj^e r .T, ,iq l|3 "pijund'SjCUjti Kw,.~pha|f,.j&jc.\ .'Tfip^eihat are being Kt^ne^Vreiceiy.e pounds (Jist^ljer^ ffifti§e, „^0 po«ntif. passings, ? T pouiids, Wtt9fls, i cloyer/|jV^-\ ; 'l'He^ $$? [P^.^Tt Knj pg H 'jlffsta' jfp^r- 'mbntjis f .'4u%'gJ much time the average animarincreas^s,

tillery refuse, 2 pounds'-'^vOT">biay, 6 polrnda cut «trav«r «nd cU^^;He^p^Vieaj^e^l(};iO ! |i£e: Hfiit jfclier %hfeft'/the'y^ flr^-ftbotit tetf 'days; ■ oldi and^thd -milk- is; /bduglit; ia -' tfie\ stahle^by 1 g;Swiss bhj&es?e; %tojrylagent "for a bout 2j to 3 cents a'tyuar i '■■'. tjp to ' pure jiNe?fetti- breed of rbe- merino race, but w»opliat:tbis time began to Recline' in value, because/oi the splendid Frpricb and Ei^lisb cloths tliat were being manufactured from i coarser 1 wbolj^n'dyi becau^.^uicJl^Cpuntrres^s Australia and South ...Ainerica. could ;-fnrmsh wool, cheaper,, aid because' meat h^d; .begun to increase" in value, -But m 1 $63, 45 pure Sou tlidown bucks were : pur' chased in England;, fa^id. only. 60 Negretti bucks were aised j. and now, although the Coarser .wool; brings a fairer price, tbe production of mutton is enormous and pays/ well. At present t&e flock is abouft . three-fourths to Seven eights Southdown bloocf. ; Winter feed for lamljs., and V ewes is pi follows :— 4. pounds of beet-pressings, half-pound of clover ..-.hay* 1 pound, of ; straw., Tjie . lambs tire fattened from January 1 on and received the following feed in pounds:— 6 pounds pressings, halfpound clove?, one-quarter pound of oilcake, one-q«arfcer-po.und of. bra n* half pqnnd of straw, .Tbey are; sold from May 13 to June 15, sheared, for about (I dol. 'per head, weig-hing'pn^an. average 100 pounds. The., wool per head brings Idol. lQcents. In 186G, ' from 1400 acres of sugar beets, 84,000 cwt. of tops were obtained. These, were buried for five months, and then used for sheep food. At „the end of this time they weighed 50,000 cwt., a:nd furnished a good article for „the sheep. Hogs. are only bred for bome use, and are usually half-bloo<i from Berkshire and Yorkshire. The fattening is begun at the age of nine montbs, with the following feed: — 56 pounds of coarse ground barley, 7 pounds of steamed potatoes, mixed with skimmed milk, &c.j to a thin slop. The whole live stock inventory is about 975,000 dols. in minimum. The manuhe from the cattle, horse, nnd pig stables is brougbt daily into tiie cemented manure pits A good deal of straw is used, and to some extent tbe liquid manure is pumped up, conducted over, and absorbed by the straw and some fine diluted marl, but to some extent it is used os direct manure upon the meadow?, &c. The yearly production of barn -yard manure is about 650,000 cwt, 270 to 360 cwt. coming upon one acre. The more concentrated sheep manure, which i> mixed with a great deal of marl, is taken regulnrty twice a year from the stables nnd likewise used upon the fields. From 1(50,000 to 200,000 cwt. of compost is yearly prepared from the sediments ' and worst refuse of the sugar factory and distillery and from the mud tbiit is taken from tbe roads, which ore mostly paved with porphyry and over which a great deal of brown coal is transported, hence this mud is pretty rich. The whole compost heap is often saturated with liquid manure, stirred up once during the summer, and used in the autumn. Formerly the average yearly amount of artificial manure used was as follows.: — 5000 cwt. Peru guano, 5000 cwt. bone meal, 400 cwt. superphosphate, which latter . was prepared from the bone black that could not be used, any more in the sugar factory, by the addition of 75 per cent, of sulphuric acid.; Of this concentrated manure (half guano and hnlf bone meal) were used (per acre) for sugar beets, 5 cwt..;-. winter grain, 3 cwt. ; summer, 15 cwt. But at present every three cwt of guano has one cwt. of Chili skhpet re raided with it, and an acre of sugar-beets gets but three cwt. of the mixture, which ' costs from Bdols. to 'lOdols. . . ; ; ; : : / : ! I'he crop3 are grown in about the following proportion : — l7O acres rnpe 560 acres wheat for flour, 1 120 Nacres for i oil,- rye for .flour anil feed, 66>5 acres barley for distillery and feed j;840.-acres oats for feed, 980 acres pptatpes. 'for spirit ■distillery, 140; acres ipotatoea for the laborers, 0,030 acres beets- ibr . sugar ;fac,tory, 920 acres, clover, for^.bay., 90 acres maize -.for - green feeq, '6o acres beet, .for. seetj, 16$, acjrj?s ' seeds, &c ,'220 -acres ijieadow. ; T^abeers are grown on siubble.ojf strojigly *.,i»anureci winder .grain, oj after jojariured potatoes, the potatoes/. after, biarnyardmdnurep! jsummer grain.;! ; Tji^grain is\ . all • put ; in • with <lril ls,, and at : presen t. J tiie Ejig-lish Garret "(X2". feet wide), drill iis used the most. " It takes three Germans to run ,ohe" of these drills, and tjhey get over about tw.Q-jthifdß as .miich ! ground ii^ b)ve , day . tas pnf sensible American- man, would.. As the prppf rape's;eed 'isinjured ,by. the introduction of (leep cultivation, but nttle is at present grown, 1 the oil-mill being furnished with -purchased seed. Butwhen this crop is grown,. it^usually follows clpy^r. . W^pfer. wjiieat, .vvhpse ime o v f seeding is from September 20 to iJctobw f JS,/.and rye, whose -time^ of seeding \is from September .00 ; to pctober'- r l v , follows^rap^.^clover, -hnd iummp^T^n. Summer grain follows, beets, t the .laii^ij&jeing, ploughed as soon {is the . tee^sv ..are .Tiarye's^^i'tf , : , tfie kutum)i,^aud l dttring the tiineof ploughing aj partial ■( coiling, of,: tat^ificial jmanur^js/igr^QsecL The grain is harvested with^thjQe& cPJT^JWL^ormick's 'eapere, sod 1 a man .and wpmap^ajgrexject«4;t4"b^ ?J>o%^wd'* I ttCT^^i^ne W» thought io b« a "good

SalzrnuHde is one of 4 p,e,best and prj^4jce3,jearlj^' from to y itq,4o,ouo cwV oJTra^r s^gaf,'^ljicU;Ty .sold to Various refineries' for froih'7 4lbl. '.50'cerrfa. to '9 dols. per - cwt. • -Each cwt: df. sugar in the beets produces from £)5 to, BQ. pounds of raw, sugar. , The rest goes into the molasses pits', and, by warming with some sulphuric or ; hydrochloric acid, forms alcohol which is mixed with barley malt. The mills are of the best of their kind and do an extensive work, all with steam power. .. Miscellaneous features of the concern may be summed up as follows : — „ About a year ago one of Fowler's firstclass steam ploughs was purchased. . The ploughing is all done in autumn and the steamer .pays well, especially ■for deep ploughing, for beets, for. which .latter the land should be ploughed . I(s_ inchias deep. But. three ploughs can be dravf n when the ploughing is done so deep, and only eight or ten acres a day are gone over, costing according to circumstances from 4 dols 50 cents to 6 djols per acre. Another principal parti of the industry of Salzmunde is the forking up the immense quantities of tertiary clay and prophoritic kaoline w.hich is present in the vicinity. The araounc of purified porcelain clay that is shipped down the Saale and sold to the Berlin porcelain manufactories yearlv amounts to from 20,00(J to 24,000 cwt at 40 cents per cwt. The gas factory is not insignificant, since in the winter season 700 jets are burned in the sugar factory, besides that on the streets and in the stables. About 2400 tons of English Pelton coal are consumed in this factor}'- yearly. The saw, oil, and bone mills are of minor importance, bu.t play their active part ; and the Salzmunde fleet that transports the products over and along the Saale consists of 25 ships, each of a cnpacity of about 3500 cwt.— [S. Halle, Prussia].