DELINQUENCY IN CHILDREN

Press, Volume LXXIV, Issue 22501, 8 September 1938, Page 13

DELINQUENCY IN CHILDREN

♦ —: Approach of Science To Problem ADDRESS BY DR. H. E. FIELD 9 The scientific approach to the problem of misbehaviour in children was discussed by Dr. H. E. Field, Professor of Education, in an address to the Canterbury branch of the Royal Society of New Zealand last night. Dr. Field made a detailed survey of the present results of scientific research into child delinquency, stating that while there were yet many “unknown to deter the investigate much progress had been made in discovering causes for delinquency, in promoting a wider understanding of the subject, and in attempting its cure and its prevention. , , , Research showed each delinquent child to be a product of a combination of nine or 10 subversive tendencies said Dr, Field, and because of this’ the approach towards finding a remedy had also to be many-sided, io this difficulty was added the further handicap to research into problems ox conduct of knowledge that persons often at different times reacted differently to similar conditions. Much headway had been with the application of psychology to the problem child. Although a first reading of books of psycho-analysis might lead to the belief that many of their ideas were fantastic, it was a fact that some of these ideas, whether fantastic or not, produced excellent results. Too much of an antithesis had been drawn at times between the scientific approach to the problem and the “commonsense” approach which was the result of practical experience. In both approaches were merits, and neither could be neglected. The uneducated often considered that whatever was theoretical must for that reason be unpractical. Dr. Field said he could not understand why more use was not made, m attacking the problem of juvenile .delinquency, of the knowledge gained by psychological research, and said he looked forward to the day when in each of the four centres in New Zealand a child psychologist would be employed to aid teachers and parents in solving the problems.

BANK OP NEW SOUTH WALES

SALE OP BULLS AT GISBORNE GISBORNE, September 7. At the annual sale of bulls which concluded yesterday, 150 two-year-old bulls from well-known Gisborne studs changed hands at the average price of 50gns.

FOREIGN EXCHANGES (BRITISH OFFICIAL WIRELESS.) RUGBY. September 6. Par. Sept. 5. Sept. 6. Paris, fr. to £1 170 178 19-64 178 5-16 New York, dol. to £1 4.866 4.82 7-16 4.82 5-16 Montreal, 4.834 4.832 dol. to £1 4.866 Brussels, belgas to £1 35 28.51i 28.534 Geneva, fr. to £1 25.2215 21.28i 21.31 Amsterdam, 12.107 8.924 8.92 fl. to £1 Milan, lire to £1 92.43 9111-16 9111-16 12.03J 12.03 marken to £ 1 20.43 Copenhagen, kr. to £1 18.159 22.40 22.40 Stockholm, kr. to ’ £ 1 18.159 19.394 19.394 Oslo, kr. to £1 18.159 19.90 19.90 Vienna, schgs. 34.585 to £1 — — Prague. kr. to £1 154.25 1404 1392 Helsingfors, 226J 2262 marks to £1 193.23 Madrid, pese25.2215 tas to £1 — — Lisbon, escu110 3-16 110 3-16 dos to £ 1 110 Athens, drach 5474 5474 to £1 375 Bucharest. 670 lei to £1 818.60 670 Belgrade, 214 214 dinars 376.3 Rio de Janeiro, pence to 2 29-32 2 29-32 milreis. 4.90 Buenos Aires, 19.054 pence to do]. 51 19.024 Montevideo, 204 * pence to peso ■ * 20 Bombay. 17 19-32 pence to rup. * 17 27-32 Shanghai pence 84 84 to rupee Hong Kong, 15 15 pence to yen Yokohama, 14 pence to yen 24.58 14 .• Batavia. guilders 12.107 8.93 8.93 Warsaw, par zlotys to £1 43.38 26.31 26.31 •Determined by price of silver.

The Bank of New South Wales quoted the following exchange rates yesterday:— Buying. Selling. N.Z. on London— 124/10/- £ N.Z. t6 £100 stg. T.T. 124 O.D. 123/11/3 124/9/6 Australia — £ A. to £100 N.Z. T.T. 100/17/6 100/5/O.D. 100/17/6 100/5/Fiji— r £F. to £100 N.Z. T.T. 90/7/6 89 ' O.D. 90/7/6 89 New York — 3.8670 Dol. to £1 N.Z, T.T. 3.9011 O.D. 3.9061 3.8680 Montreal— 3.8791 Dol. to £1 N.Z. T.T. 3.9115 O.D. 3.9202 3.8801 Belgium— 23.124' 22.814 Belgasto£l N.Z. T.T. O.D. 23.199 22.819 Czechoslovakia— Korunas 111.25 to £1 N.Z. T.T. _ O.D. — 111.27 Denmark — 17.893 Kroner to £1N.Z. T.T. 18.203 O.D. 18.263 17.895 Finland — 179.60 Marks to £1 N.Z. T.T. 185.40 O.D. 185.80 179.70 France — T.T. 142.27 Francs to £1 N.Z. —■ O.D. — 142.29 Germany— * Reichmarks 9.592 to £1 N.Z. T.T. — O.D. — 9.594 Greece — Drachmae to £1 N.Z. T.T. 429.54 O.D. 429.69 Holland— Florins to £1N.Z. T.T. 7.270 7.120 O.D. 7.310 7.112 Italy— Lire to £1 N.Z. T.T. — 73.503 O.D. — 73,528 Java— Florins to £1 N.Z. T.T. 7.251 7.101 O.D. 7.291 7.103 Norway— Kroner to £1N.Z. T.T. 16.182 -15.892 O.D. 16.242 15.895 Noumea— 1 Francs to £ 1 N.Z. T.T. — 140.52 O.D. — 140.56 Papeete— Francs to £1 N.Z. T.T. — 140.67 O.D. — 140.71 Sweden— Kronor to £1 N.Z, T.T. 15.784 15.489 O.D. 15.844 15.492 Switzerland — 17.031 Francs to £1 N.Z. T.T. 17.301 O.D. 17.406 17.033 Chefoo— N.Z. pence to dol. T.T. — Hi O.D. —— US Hong Kong— N.Z. pence to dol. T.T. 18 7-16 18 13-16 O.D. 18 13-32 18 13-16 India and Ceylon— N.Z. pence to rup. T.T. 22 3-32 22g O.D. 22 1-16 22g Japan— N.Z. pence to yen T.T. — 17 9-16 O.D. — 17 9-16 Manila— N.Z. pence to peso T.T. 30 5-32 30 13-16 O.D. 30 1-16 30 13-16 Shanghai— . N.Z. pence to dol. T.T. 'Jot quoted O.D. Jot quoted Singapore— N.Z. pence to dol. T.T. 34 31-64 34 31-32 O.D. 34 25-64 34 31-32