WIRELESS NEWS

Press, 1 February 1930, Page 12

WIRELESS NEWS

(Br "Max.") To the man in the street, electricitv sppcars to be a kind of phenomena., as it were., in Nature. The old theory was that it. was a species of fluid, able lo travel along or through metal conductors. As a matter of fact, electricity is most intimately connected with the very foundation of all matter, in inct, it is matter. * * Take the simplest atom, hydrogen, and it has been proved to consist of a central core or nucleus called a proton. Associated with the hydrogen proton is one minute particle called an electron. This revolves around the proton just as our moon does around the earth. The electron is a negative particle of electricity, very light and mobile compared with the nucleus, which is a positive particle, or, more correctly speaking, is electrically positive. Xormally the negatively charged electron exactly balances the proton. Atoms of other simple substances (elements) have more electrons, but similar atoms always have the same number of electrons. " Uranium, for example, has 92, and whatever the element, tho electrical balance is always maintained when in a normal state. * M However, if an electron is. added to or taken from an atom, the latter is then negatively or positively- electrified, respectively. It, will then try to | get rid of its surplus, or, if positively charged, try to secure another electron j or electrons from some other atom, to make up the deiicic-ncy. Electrons in j all kinds of atoms are similar, it is ! only the protons which differ and deter- j mine what the element is. whether oxy- j gen or mercury, for example. Electrons may he removed from a . substance by friction, chemical action, j or passing a wire through a magnetic held, etc. Warm a fountain pen and then nib it briskly with a dry piece of dannel or silk, and it will then pick up small particles of paper. When rubbed with flannel, numerous electrons are removed front the latter, which : s then positively (barged, and j the ebonito i>en h;us a Mirplus and is I negatively charged. The flannel will J trv ami take electrons from anything] r.c'ar it. and the .dionite will try and I get rid of it< surplus. Chemical action, as m a battery. prcdiK-es a charge of el"itrous on the i negative plate and a deficiency on the ' positive plat*', and if the two be joined j Uy a good conductor, a How of elee- j Irons takes place until the chemicals arc used up. The modern dynamo or generator is an example of coils of wire cutting through magnetic fields. It should be explained that good conductors are simply substances, always metals, in which the electrons are readilv moved from or into the atoms. Materials where electrons are move I : with great difficulty arc insulators, j This explains why metals are used in; generators, etc. * * .- . j In a generator, such as are used at ) Lake Coleridge, the rotating copper j coils have their electrons set into mo- j tion. hrst in one direction and then j in another, as tin* coils pas.s north ! or srutl: magnet ends, and fco we have \ a stream of electrons passing hackwards and forwards around onr eleetri'al circuits, in unison with the cus--tiirb.inee. set up over sixty miles iwav. When passing through a high resistance sii'li as in an oleetrital 'amp (ihirnt nt. the hu-tling and jostling o r the •'lre irons trying to pass through a small parage sets up great friction between the electrons (and protons) in !(■* filament and the result is Incipdes,t*i.ec. or lighr. Owners of eliminators should always be careful in handling the works, as it is possible to receive * severe shock, iconic eliminators develop from two to three hundred volts on open circuit, so always turn off the switch controlling the unit, before touching anv terminal, etc. If it is necessary to examine the .apparatus, use a screwdriver with a wooden handle, and short circuit the high volt tap and the negative end, but only after switching off. This is to discharge the condensers, which can give a strong jolt from stored tip electricity. * * Ammeters should never tie joined directly across any terminals, as they hove n very low resistance, and will l.e damaged in a second or two. They are to be inserted in a circuit which carries a load. For example, an ammeter could be used to tell what current is consumed by a lamp, or a niilliainmeter may he placed in the pinto eircui'. to ascertain the mills taken by a particular valve. * * Voltmeters,, on the hand, have a high resistance, if of reliable manufacture, and very little current, is required to operate them. They are put ! direct across the sour?.e of supply. As | a matter of fact, both types of meters work by taking current, though the ! voltmeter, due to its d?sign, needs very I little. * * A broadcast receiver using ordinary valves can easily be used for shortwave reception by making up a unit consisting of a detector valve with the necessary low capacity, say, .00013 variable mfd condenser, and tu iiiig coil. Capacity control of regeneration, with or without a high series resistenc? in the plate lead for finer control, gives good results. The resistance must, of course, be a variable one, and it is possible to obtain excellen', manipulation of weak sb'nils in this wav. * * The two filament leads and the plat*! lead do n«t go to terminals on the adaptor, as it is called, but are sodlered into the respective pins of a discarded valve base. This base is then inserted into the detector valve socket on. the broadcast set, in place of the detector valve. The two audo stages then operate to give the required amplification. The only expense is that for buying the few parts to make the short-wave detector unit (adaptor). * * Bakelite is the best insulating for radio parts and at the same time has great strength. It is made from two liquids, phenol, commonly called carbolic acid, and that common powerful antiseptic formaline, or formaldehyde. Under certain conditions, these" can b G combined to form a solid material which we know as bakelite. In the later stages of manufacture, great pressure combined with heat is necessary to produce the final product from the resinous substance first made from t h 3 two liquids.

Notes From Far and Near

BROADCASTING. TO-DAY'S PROGRAMME. ?.TA. CHRISTCHI'RCFI. 9?0 Kilocycle?, i

:; p.m.' Afternoon session—Selected st'idio i:era~. l.'J5: Sports results. 5.0: Children's ses.-ion—Aunt I'at and I'huek'e. e,.0; L'ir.ner ;ession —"Columbia" Hour. 7.0: News session. 8.0: Chimes. Overture—London Theatre Orchestra, 'New Moon'' Selection 'Romberg). 8.9: Popular songs—Mr K. A. Dowell. (a) "A Lane in Spain'' ILnmbardo); <b) ".MI Alone" (Berlin). B.IV. Violin —Mis-" Irene Morris. "Souvenir" (Drdla). c".11 : Soprano—Miss Nora Cray. "Enchanted River" (Elliott). S.'-Ki: Instrumental—Christehureh Broadcasting Trio, (a) ' r.ovo Song" (C.i'lman'i : (s) "Air de Ballet" (Adam): (*?) "Hungarian Dan.* No. 3'' ißralims). g.nn : Jazz sonjs with ukulele —Joyous Pair, 'a) "Josie and Me" (O'Hagari) ; 'b) "Walking with Susie" 'Conrad). 8.40: Novelty Tap Dance, Rill Robinson. "Dnin' the Now Low Down." 5 41: Humour—Mr Geo. Ti'ci>er.»r. (a) "How I Climb the Tale" Tittle Tioh): <b" "?hell Shock*" CMS.). 8.40: Novelty—London Mniith Orzan Band. "The Royal Rrtnrn" March. 8.52: contralto —Miss Nellie Lowe, "Come Back to F'rin" (CUribcl). i?:"G: Rejection—Plaza Theatre Orchestra. "Pearl <v Mine" (Fletcher). 0/': Weather report. P.2 : < oncerted—Kvclvn I.owe and chnruv "The Girl on the Prow" < "New Moon") 'Romberg). f> S : Baritone—Mr K. A. Bowel!. "The Ilvmr' of the Old Church Choir" CS,.lmon). 'f.lo: Violin Miss Irene Morris, "Serenade" "'Piorne). 0.1": Soprano—Mis* Nora Grav, (a) "Cur.nin' L'il Thine" (Pcnn): (b) "To Von" 'Oley Speaks). 9.19: ta I—Chrlsfchur' h Broadcasting Trio, 'a) "Waltz" (Carenn): :n) "Melodv in V ? Rubin«tein 1 : <>! "Presto" (Hummel). 9.Ill: Jazz sor.ss with Hliulele —JVivous Pair, fa) "Mean to Me" (Turk): (b) "Don't be Like That" 'K'ahn). 9." 8: Tap Dancer—Bill Robinson. "Ain't Mi«behavin' " ' Waller V 0.41: Humour—Mr Ceo. Titehener. "The Postman" CMS.). 0.40: Mnreh London Mouth (irc,ii Band. "Joyous Greetings" (Leslie). !).. r ..': Popular Sonr-s—Mis* Nellie Lowe. '»i " \nnie Laurie" (Lalimann) ; 'I.' 1 "Land o' Mine" fNutting). ff.BS: Musical comedy— Kvelvn Lowe and Howard Woistcr. "Wanting Yon" ("The New Moon") (Romberg.. 10 1: "Columbia" Dance Programme. ::7.r, CTTRISTCHT-Rf H '250 Metres.) 10 a.m. to 1 1.(10: Women's session. Grand Yal><* de Concert." Reed On hestra. lu.V Tested Recipes—Salmon Mould, Rice and Rhubarb .Shape. Betty Brown's Cake. 10.25: (a) "yuand ero Paggio" (.Verdi), b) "Deh vjeni alia Finestra" Arthur Middb-ton 'bass). "Kujawaik" 'Wieniawski) Albert Spalding (violin). "Nemi'o della Pairia" (Andre Chernier) Mario I.nurenti (baritone), lai "Little Shepherd." .'hi "Crescendo." Victor Young (piano*. 'The Wooing Hour" Peerless Orchestra "H..W Fair Art Thou" (Weidl) Arthur Middiettiii (bass-baritone ). "Scene de Ballet" Reel Orchestra. "Quartet from Kiijoloito" (Verdi). Mixed Voices in Iraiian. "I'lrmcn Fantasia" (Sarasate.i A'b-rt Spalding (violin). "Ombra Frieda Hempcl "'soprano). "Improvisation on old Songs" Vi.-tor Young (piano). "In a Bird Sf.re" I.escripti vc, American Symnhonv Orchestra. "The 'hr.se Huntin? Song" Arthur Middieton "bass). "IV!» saiu" Medley. National Guard Fife nnd j Drum C>rns Band. '■ :VA. WELLINGTON". "7 20 Kilocycles.) 2 p.m.: Chimes. Relay from M:t»m»r tennis courts ot description of New Zealand Tennis Championships. (I.CO and 4.P.0: Sports summary. 5.": Children's session, conducted by Uncle Toby. 0.0: Dinner eessjo),—"Parlophone" hour. 7.0: News fest<ioii, market reports and sports results. 7.4": Leeturcttc —Mr W. M. Jackson, "Gladioli and Gardening Hints." 6.0: Chimes. Overtur(> —2VA Salon Orchestra, under the conductorship of Mr M. T. Dixon. "Martial Moments" (arrgd. Winter). X.3: Vocal ■ tuartet —Melodie Fotir, "Little Alabama Coon" ('fctarri. «-13: Steel fuilar —-Mr L. Hoavis, ta) "Sailing Along to Hawaii" CBories); (b) "Aloha Land" (lierper). "•20: l'opular at piano—Mr Billy Hart, (a) "Heart o' Mine." (Silver); (b) "Where the Bab Babblinjr Biook lio« Bub-Bub'-Bubbiing By" (Neison); (c) "Mother's Salon Orchestra, "A Perfect Day" (JacobsBond). Nvlophone solo with orchestral accompaniment—Mr L. W. Probert. "Sparks" ! (Alfor.l). X.J't: Humour —Mr F.rrol Mmr. , "Bertram Addresses the Tenants" (Ruther- | .'omi. e.47: U'enor —Mr Sam Duncan. "I Hear a Thrush at live" fCadman). «.">1: Instrumental—2YA -Salon Orchestra, re«iu< st number. 8.oil: Weather report. '.'.l: Baritone —Mr K. S. Aliwright, "Once" (Hervey). '.).5 : Vocal nuartet —Melodie Four, request number. 0.9: Steel guitar—Mr L. Benvis. (a> "She Sang Aioha to Me" (Carey, arrgd. Awui), (b) "One. Two, Three. Four" (Alan, arrgd. Avvai). 'J.I6: Tenor —Mr Frank Bryant. "A Sonjj and n Dream" (Cadman). (1.2*0: Instrumenta'. —2Y.V Salon Orchestra. "Scenes from the Kinema" (Ketelbey). Hiiaiour —Mr Krro! Muir. "Bertram on Business" (Rutherford). 0.(15: Bx»s —Mr W. W. Marshall. "The Bandolero" (Stuart). f»;j0: Pianoforte —Thomas Waller. "I've <;'ot n Feeling I'm Falling" (Rosel. Chorus with Orchestra —Light Opera Company, vocal gems from "Hold Everything" <de SylvaL 0 4<i- Vocal quartet—Melodie Four. "Mulligan Musketeers" (Atkinson). 0.50: Instrumental —2YA Salon Orchestra. Dance Novelties. 10.0: "Brunswick" Dance Programme. IYA, AUCKLAND. ■ 000 Kilocycles.) y p.m.: Afternoon session —Selected studio items 4."): Literary selection by Announcer. 3.0: Children's session, conducted by Cinderella. b\o: Linner session. 7.0: News and market reports. 8.0: Chimes. Overture —IVA Orchestral Octet, under the comluctorship of Mr Uric Waters, "Die Schone Melusine" (Mendelssohn). 8.10. Soprano—Marie Burke, "You Kiss My Hand. Monsieur" .Krwin). 8.K): Baritone —Mr Stan I'ritchard, "O Nisht. O Lifo (Sanderson). tCI7: Band of H.M. Grenadier Guards "Lo. Here the Gentle Lark" (Bishop). S : 2I: Novelty—The Asuuiths. 2U minutes drawing-room entertainment. a.4L: Valtz —IVA Orchestral Octet, "Pagan Love Song" (Freed). Foxtrot—lYA Orchestral Octet "Outside" (Flynu). 8.50: Humour Th e Two Black Crows, "Esau Buck and tho Bucksaw." 8.54: Contralto —Carrie Herwin "When You Come Home" (Squire). 8 53- Weather report. 0.0: Instrumental — IYV* Orchestral Octet. "Hyde Park" Suite (J-ilowicz): (1) Sunday Morning Parade: -2) Kotton Ko\r: ('■>) The Serpentine; (4) Round the Handstand. 0.9: Humour —Billy nennett "Domestic Blisters." 9.1?.: Piano ,rid vocal—Kric and Jack, (a) "You were Meant for Me" (Urown); (b) "Sleepy Valley" (Howling). 0.21: Banjo—Len Fillit "Uncanny Banjo" (Fillis). 0.21: Baritone —Mr Stan. Pritchard. (a) "Harbour Ni"n Song" (Sanderson); (b) "The Storm Fiend" (Uopckcl). 0.31: Instrumf ntal—--IY\ Orchestral Octet, "Valse" (Widor). oVo- Humour—The Two Black Crows. '••'Foolishwents." 0.44: Piano and vocal Fric Ind Jack, (a) "When My Dreams Come True" (Berlin): (b) "Weary River' «;;iri) 0 52: Musical comedy selection — YA 'orchestral Octet, "Sally" (Kern). TOO: "His Master's Voice" dance programme. 4YA. DUNK DIN. i 650 Kilocycles.) [ -,, m - Town Hall chimes. Selected gramophone items. 4.25: Sports results to hand. 1 - 0 Children's session, conducted by Aunt 'i'li't, fiO- linner session—"His Master's I voice''' Hour. 7.0: News session. S.O: Relay „c ,-.,,.deville programme from "YA, Christ- ' church. I no • "Brunswick" Dance ProI gramme. i SUNDAY. :;YA, CHRISTCUUKCH. •j ~ m • Afternoon session—Selected gramo- ! j ~ items. 3.30: Children's song service ''r-'/"ldren of the Methodist Sunday Schools). ,'-I'. Studio bells. G. 30: Gramophone rcci-,'"[.-i"i- IJclav of service from East Belt M-'tbodist Church. Preacher: Rev. W. r„l«lade. Organist: Mr A. M. Owen. Choir Oonductor Mr J. Chaplin. 8.15: Studio Cont suite—Uoval Opera Orchestra, "Peer [?"; "q u ite" (Grieg). 1. Morning. 2. Death « a"" B°l' Merzo-soprano—Miss Mvra i"i" a l'-i) '"Speak to Me" (D'Hardelot) ; nf • Will iV Come?" (Sullivan). 8.20: .. ii Mr Harold Beck. "Hamabdil" (Ban-u-i B's' Vwr» Spiritual—Utica Jubilee t 0 - 1 iU "' "Climbin* Up the Mountain" (trdt..). r.' Tnere is no Death" (O'Hara). (b) '??,' '"Maria" (Schubert). 8.45: Instrumen4', Ph'rUtchurch Broadcasting Trio. "Trio ISI T Innor-Andante and Scherzo" (Men- ',", J s 30: Mezzo-soprano—Miss Myra delssobn). tV £ t Iov(> Divine .. (Haydn Edmonds ello _Mr Harold Beck, "ArleWood). 0.0- J- e 9 _„. Xe ro spirituals—qum ,lo P'l e r '' rd Lawrence Brown, (a) Paul F,J m' iTrviiij' " f arrgd. Brown). 9.7: Lamb - A ■ . phristchurrh Broadoastin? Instrumental - c • K r]at .. (Beethoven), Trio, (a) -" T n U .n C e No. 3" (Dvorak). 9.17: (b) "Slavonic Dan" - hom (a) ~T Gnvß Baritone— Mr A^^- arfp , b) ..Best of All" You Roses (-. M . Suife —Royal Opera (Raymond ';%,„-' Gvnt Suite" (Grieg). 1. I Orchestra. l< e , lh9 H ,u ©£ the JiovmAnitra's Dance. -• - t*in Kinf.

CTA, WELLINGTON. 3 p.m.: Afternoon sesiion—Selected atudio it*m«. 60. Children's Kong service, conducted by Uncle George. 7.0: Relay of aervice from fit. John'a Trenbyterian Chnrch. Preacher. Rer. .T. Tt. Blanchard. B.A. OrItarist and choirmaster, Mr C. v*T. Kerry. >tl">: (appror.) Studio concert by Port Nicholson Silver Band under the condnctorship of Mr .1. .1. Drew, and assisting artut*. Hvmn-Hand. ".Veu.hester" (arrgd. Scotne'v) Overture—Band. "Morning, Noon and Night" (Suppe). Soprano—Mn W. Fra»er Morrish " Alleluia" (O'Connor Morris). Baritone—Mr S. K. Kodger. "Thou're Passing Hence" (Sullivan). Meditation —Band, "In a Monastery Garden" (Ketelbey). Negro spirituals—l'tica .lubilee fingers, (a) "Leaning on the Lord": (b) "Balm in Koval Opera Orchestra. "Shepherd* Dance (Balfour Gardiner). Contralto—Miss Gladys Hibberd. "Abide with Me" (Liddle) Selection—Hand, "Reminiscences of Sullivan (arrgd .1. J. Drew). Soprano—Mrs Fras<-r Morrish. (a) "For the. Sake o' Somebody" (trdtl.): (b) "Will o' the Wisp (Spross). .1 H. Squire Celeste Octet. Chant Sans Paroles" (Tschaikowsky—arrgd. Sear). Baritone—Mr S. K. Kodger "Song of the Waggoner" (Breville Smith). (onift duet with band accompaniment—Bandsmen i. Croodail and W. Kay. "The Pearls <K',irig>. Contralto—Miss Gladys H'l'''"«l, f»> 1>" than the Dust" , Woodforde-l" inden) : (h) "Kashmiri" (Woodforde Finden ). TenorAlfred O'Shea. (a) "The Low-Backed ( »r (Lower— arrgd. Hughes): (b) 'Molly Brannigan" Fantasia—Band The Village Blacksmith" (Trenchard). MarchBand. "Scindian" (Rimmer). IYA. AUCKLAND. :t P.m.: Afternoon session —Selected studio items, including literary selection by the announcer. CO: Children's service, conducted bv Uncle L«o. 0.f,;,: Relay of. service from St Mary's Cathedral —Preacher: Canon William Fanc'ourt. Organist and Choirmaster: Mr Fdgar Randall. (approv.) Relay of concert from Albert Park—Auckland Municipal Band, under the conductorship of .Mr Christopher Smith. 4YA. DUNKDIN. :; p m : Town Hall chimes. Selected gramo Dhune items. 5.30: Children's song service, conducted by Big Brother Bill«. 30: Relay of service from First Church. Preacher. Lev. Dr. Hunter. Organist: Dr. <;*•*»>'■ ••*''• fnstrumental-New Queer, s Hall /'rchctra. "Petite Suite De Concert' . Tavlor) 8.1: Bells, organ and choir— £«"" at "St. Margaret's, Westminster." 8 .: Pianofortc_Mark Hambourg. "Hungarian Rhap,odv No. 14" (Lisrt). 8 15: Relay of studio programme from HYA. < hnstchurch.