SERVICE IN CHINA.

Press, Volume LXIII, Issue 18911, 28 January 1927, Page 11

SERVICE IN CHINA.

$o Dominion Troops.

jjgfiOTIATIONS WITH CANTON.

Satisfactory Progress Made.

'*& News concerning China indicates little change in the gr flew j urther disturbances are reported, and much I from the negotiations in progress between the Bril!hind Cantonese representatives. It is definitely stated ■"'Tt there was never any suggestion of sending Dominion . t0 china, and the services of volunteers are not •I 'intervention by the League of Nations has oted hut it is pointed out that the situation in Si"!! too complicated for action in this direction. No Tnce is given in Japan to reports that Britain is about ■■■ a campaign against the Cantonese.

LEAGUE OF NATIONS.

IjOHOPl! OF INTERVENTION.

LONDON, January 26. r ittltaltilbi and parliamentarian Atlllag .possibility of the uri|,o/Rithmi acting in the ChinTjjrtJty, but in well-inforaea ' m it k Pointed out that there is ftfrjlty* of this until there is one |Spttd recognised Chinese Gov"itfittM problems largely arise yMSiil domestic instability. , w K«tion were taken under iaiwit wouWrequire the Coun- ■ iHSiyi but if *e'Powers in " 1 fMmU and indirectly were iM'Tittle San Salvador would Swonly deliberative member of M&fit to° ' ac k of unit J amon ? tlie > .AMnil not augur for unanimity f-iflHngue, nor is cer- ,; Wfl to whbm China's delegate on represents. . . '; J» Chief hope lies in Great Britain's proposals being communicated fJfrMing and then expounded at, Gen j'flfith a'chance of inducing an inter* fiatfonal agreement. f 'Vjacoqnt Cecil,.in a speed) at Trowf'Mfc«, deolt'with the question on Asm lines and said no one more deJiwd the removal of.the trouble to the judicial atmosphere of the League than lit did, bat bow were they to do it? The onlv hope would be if tie Cantoneso themselves desired it, and .then Jh*y"- were not sore, whether the Can•toipjse represented a or rM'\,'Jß«t Britiin would; J M raise p!eulofls r -1* "': -

NEGOTIATIONS WITH CANTON. ' SATISFACTORY ISSUE EXPECTED. - \ ("AW VJi CA«,B\A«SOCIATIOJf.') tONDOtf, January 26. I 0, British repat Hankow, hasipresented | Chen, the Rationalist ForHf, with definite proposals 'f the British government, ieved that the definito pro- > to Wr Chen relate to guaraisurances. It is empha"•■HltttelUtlVily that it is a misW" wgwt that Mr O'Malley is - M merely in 8 discussion over lnS?f ,tr ' H « is "wMng proISLZtJT b<wn considered in ' jßffi Past referring to the ffiffi 90 oat that S r «at attention mSfiS t0 thß milit * r y and HSmJJ 1 ' P ro P««on, has ob* lasS i oUc ? • beflrin B fruit - it BR» Au ,lhew is a ver y « 60d B!!« ''» 6 T en before the arrival Hf tap!* China. RJ,{WwHw proposals by ■s™ *JM« whole of China will IffiM. «•«> authorities of China, IE £• , next few da ys. and, r|?»lt|.ndly relations between BritSgI China impossible, there is no isfactory resuit Bh ° Uld sails. FOR CHINA. W ' gt Jport Minnesota left PorteiSSfcrS? ttMmes * nd tw ° flights « X»T Sh * waß a WAaw ' Un P°n«»el«d even in itjP*" War. * S^a£5 < LS el - ati6ns thronged the SR<teT? rußhcd down the B*W l»«iW and kifised their E^?>2? r ft Th ? €e bands tbu p- ?, tare well, roaring hfil . Au ' d Lan 8 Syne," f «<m& f ch «»ng from the '""iter-cheers from the quay■tS5 rriM Ar « us has been «aW efer ' 00lsta ° •525 i phlS „ a ? d Ladybird **s -ffir ave for China fe? j}, at the Eighth Dea V >—__ '

W* FROM CANADA.

K 0 T CONSIDERED. Is>feiiti«l AWA - Januarv 26. mtSuTl?*' by " da ?° f Kit? *}* Chinese situatl °» KJt nt f s° m th « BritBpug rr5 e officially in regard the 9U«tion MBw dp*! sent wit hout 1BI&3?.' 0 ' Parliament.

TREATY KEVISIOK

U.S.A. REJECTS CHINESE PROPOSALS.

GREATER STABILITY NECESSARY (AUSTEALTAIT AND N.Z. CABLE ASSOCIATION.) WASHINGTON, January 26. The State Department will issue a memorandum to-morrow rejecting the Chinese demands for immediate treaty revision, despite the present'menace to American lives and property. The memorandum will express sympathy with the Chinese aspirations and will commit the United States to treaty-revision as soon as a stable Chinese Government is able to negotiate but will insist on the gradual ending, of extra-territoriality (immunity of foreigners from Chinese jurisdiction) and treaty privileges, under which American courts and troops are maintained in China.

It will express entire agreement with China's desire, to throw off the "foreign yoke,'' but will express the conviction that the present condition of the Chinese laws, courts, and the political situation do not afford adequate protection for American lives and property, which would bo dependent entirely on these courts, if American courts and troops were withdrawn. The memorandum will repeat the hope that China will soon be able to p"fqvide the conditions of order and Srogress justifying the United States' esire to relinquish the protection of legitimate American interests to Chinese official institutions. This wil,l depend upon the reform of Chinese courts, modification of native law and the establishment of a fairly stable responsible central Government, able to speak for the Chinese people ami to enforce the laws, j The memorandum will commit .the Government to a much slower programme of change than that urged by the resolution of Mr Stephen G. Porter, chairman of the House of Representatives' Foreign Relations Committee, which was favourably reported to the House, and will generally agree with the policies advocated hv the American Minister at Peking, Mi John V. A. Mac Murray, and other American officials.

WAIT TILL STORM PASSES.

SIR THOMAS INSKIP'S ADVICE.

(AUSTRALIAN AND. K.Z. TABLE ASSOCIATION.)

LONDON, January 26.

"You cannot negotiate with a typho6n, you must secure safety for yourself and family till it blows out," said Sir Thomas Inskip, K.C., SolicitorGeneral, speaking at Tipton. "When that happy day comes the Government will be ready to begin negotiations which Mr Chen, tho Cantonose leader, admits are preferable to war. "Whether a responsible authority ordered the attack on the British at Hr.nkow I do not know, but the manner in which the Scriptural injunction to turn the other cheok to the smiter was obeyed proves British anxiety to prevent a conflict of arms. "The Army division going to China is not designed to co-operate with a. Chinese faction to defend Chinese territory or the British concessions. Its sole purpose is to see that the 16,000 British men, women, and children at Shanghai are as safo as they can be made."

JAPAN SCEPTICAL.

RUMOURED ACTION AGAINST CANTON. (AUSTRALIAN AHD *f.Z. CABLE ASSOCIATION.) TOKIO, January 26. Japanese officials denounce as pure propaganda the cabled reports that Great Britain, Japan, and America are co-operating in a military and naval demonstration against the Chinese Nationalist Government.

Authorities assert that Japan has declined to associate with Great Britain in any demonstration of force, because she considers it premature, and liable to react seriously against the participants' interests and future influence. The Japanese Navy has dispatched four destroyers fo. patrol of the Yangtse, with positive orders not to land troops.

HELP FOR CANTONESE.

MUNITIONS FROM RUSSIA

(AUgTSALIAH AKD N.Z. CABLE ASSOCIATION.) COPENHAGEN, January 26. It is reported from Helsingfors that two trains left Moscow laden with war equipment for the Chinese Nationalist Forces. Two others, laden with grenades and cartridges, are following immediately.

RUSH OF RECRUITS IN LONDON

(Received January '27 th, 7.25 p.m.) LONDON. .Tamif 2&. The marines' recruiting office in Whitehall is besieged by applicants and at the Army general recruiting office there is a queue of enquirers as in the early days of the Great War.

LABOUR PROTEST.

MILITARY ACTIVITIES DEPLORED.

MESSAGE TO CANTONESE,

(AUSTRALIAN AKD N.Z. CABLE ASSOCIATIOK.)

(Received January 27th, 7.20 p.m.)

LONDON, January 26. '

Ordering that copies be cabled to Mr Eugene Chen and to the Australian and New Zealand Labour Parties, the National Joint Labour Council adopted a resolution declaring: "The Labour movement deplores the flaunted military demonstration against the Canton Government because it may 6tir up panic and aggression on both sides, rendering inevitable the misfortunes it pretends to prevent, and because it ib likely to thwart a policy of negotiation and amicable settlement on a basis of the recognition of the Chinese National Government. British Labourites demand the patient and honest pursuit of peaceful negotiations, freed frmn armed menace, for the ultimate abrogation of treaties and the ininiLMUr. winding up of conditions depending upon the existence of treaties. We also 6end Chinese workers our sincere sympathies and support in their attempt to improve their economic position and establish their country among the selfgoverning . nations." In a covering message to Mr Eugene Chen, the Labour Council state: "We are confident you will do everything to negotiate a settlement and to prevent incidents giving excuse for the use of military force." The resolution was passed after a deputation had visited Sir Austen Chamberlain, who, replying to the Labour manifesto, recalled the Government's pacific endeavours and added: "It will be seen that the Government has every- desire for a friendly settlement. It is ready to make liberal concessions, as foreshadowed in the British memorandum if the Chinese desire to conduct conversations, but internal dissensions in China render the Government's task difficult. Disorders resulting in civil war and dangers threatening foreigners engaged in legitimate and peaceful pursuits have obliged the Government to take the necessary 6teps to discharge their primary duty of nrotecting lives," The War Office announces that it has received hundreds of applications from ex-officers and members of the reserve of officers for service in China, but they_ are not required. The Army Medical Corps is dispatching a general hospital field ambulance and a hygienic section for the treatment of infectious disease.

NEW TREATY WANTED

STATEMENT BY MR KELLOGG,

(Received January 27th, 10.55 p.m.)

WASHINGTON, January 27.

The Government is ready-to negotiate new treaties with China acting independently of other Powers, but cannot abrogate the existing treaties until the new ones are signed and ratified by the Senate. In the meantime it is holding Naval forces available in Chinese waters to protect American life and property should the Chinese authorities fail to accord protection. This is the substance of an expression of Chinese policy announced by Mr Kellogg yesterday. ' It assorts the United States sympathy with China's nationalistic awakening and strict neutrality between Chinese factions. The United States Government desires to deal with China in "a most liberal spirit," regarding unequal treaties. , All thai is demanded for United States nationals in China is protection, equal treatment with other foreign nationals, and the right to pursue their legitimate occupations, without special privileges, monopolies, or spheres of special interest or influence. The only question is with whom to negotiate. If China can agree upon the appointment of delegates representing the authorities or the people of the country, the United States Government is prepared to negoiate such a treaty. The statement does not develop any wide diversions of view from the attitude of the British Government expressed in its memorandum. It stresses, however, the fact that there are no United States Concessions in China. President Coolidge let it be known in this -espect that there was room for difference in-the United States and British policies 'in dealing with the Chinese problem.

SOVIET'S PLANS

"DAILY MAIL" EXPLAINS

(Received January 27th, 8.10 p.m.)

LONDON, January 26,

The "Daily Mail" declares that according to Bukharin, Moscow's policy as a maker of trouble in China is first an organised attack against Britain. As soon as a Chinese victory is assured China will be made the centre of operations against Britain's neighbouring colonies. The Soviet newspaper "Pravda" explains that it is imperative to knock Britain about elsewhere before starting an Indian revolution It recalls that Karakhan, the former Soviet envoy in Peking, was appointed head of the Eastern Department of the Moscow International. The Soviet is now sending three classes of agitators to China, firstly, political, who are attached to Chinese personages and institutions to advise on political and military matters; secondly, trade agitators, charged with the task of intensifying the boycotts; thirdly. Labour leaders to organise Chinese workers into militant unions. Batches ofvoung Chinese graduates are also going to China from Moscow, some from the Soviet's Sun Yat Sen University. "Prnvda" adds that regiments are marching from Canton trained in the rnmous Moscow militnrv schools. The "Daily Mail" adds that Moscow fears that a British peace with China will mean the destruction of all the Soviet's plans against Britain.

BRITAIN'S UNPOPULARITY. RUSSIAN GENERAL GIVES REASONS. SHANGHAI, January 26. Interviewed at Hankow, General Borodin, Eussian adviser to the Nationalist Government, attributed the singling out of Great Britain for attack by Kuomintang (People's Party) extremists to the fact that no amends were made for the Shanghai, Shameen, and Wanhsien affairs.

Referring to the British memorandum, he said that the only tangible proposal in it placed large suras in the hands of the Northern militarists.

Regarding the prospects of the Southerners' holding the ground against the north, General Borodin admitted from a military point of view the Northerners might appear t" have the advantage, but he declared that they were as good as defeated. Hirtory had condemned them. All that remained was to bury the corpse.

A DEFINITE DENIAL

NO DOMINION TROOPS,

MILITARY PRECAUTIONS EXAGGERATED.

(AUSTRALIA!; AND !f.Z. CABLE ASSOCIATION.)

LONDON, January 27.

It is learned authoritatively that all suggestions that Australia has ever been invited to send forces to China can be dismissed as entirely lacking foundation. Australia, in common with all the other Dominions, lias been fully informed regarding the British negotiations, but nothing further was even hinted at, though some London newspapers continue to throw- out hints that some such invitation has been sent out to Australia and New Zealand as the nearest Dominions Official circles, unlike sections of the London Press, realise that there are no standing armies in Australia or New Zealand ready for dispatch to China at short notice. It is recognised that in the event of a much more serious development of the Chinese troubles it would probablv bo all over before Australia and New Zealand could go through the lengthy process of giving Parliamentary sanction to participation and the recruiting of volunteer forces and equipping and transporting them. It is officially emphasised that Mr O'Malley has not submitted new proposals representing a change in Britain's policy. Mr O'Malley simply concluded a preliminary investigation of the situation and now the psychological moment has arrived for making definite proposals in accordance with the British Memorandum. The same sources reiterate that Britain's lone hand military precautions are more apparent than real and are due entirely to her geographical position, necessitating the dispatch of troops long before the absolute necessity for them has arisen. Japan can send forces at the last minute, and even France has forces available in Annam, but, in view of the numbers of British people m China and the vastness of her interests. Britain must have forces ready on the spot in event of developments, though these at present are not, anticinated.

NO NEED EOR VOLUNTEERS.

OFFER OF FRONTIERSMEN.

MR DOWNIE STEWART'S REPLY,

[THE PRESS Special Service.] WELLINGTON, January 27,

Lieut.-Colonel C. Weston, of Now Plymouth, as Commandant of the New Zealand Legion of Frontiersmen, telegraphed to the Acting-Prime Minister yesterday, offering 200 men fully equipped for service in China. The following telegram in reply was sent to-day by the Acting-Prime Minister (the Hon. Mr Downie Stewart): •'Many thanks for your telegram asking me to transmit to the Imperial Government the offer of 200 trained Frontiersmen for service in China. I do not think the position has yet become sufficiently acute or critical to necessitate the consideration of the dispatch of New Zealand volunteers to China unless requested to do so by. the Imperial Government. I suggest that your generous offer be held in abeyance pending further developments."

VOLUNTEERS OFFERING LOCALLY.

Several enquiries and offers of enlistment have been made during the last two or three days at the Defence Department Headquarters by Christchurch ex-service men, and three or four ex-soldiers interviewed Lt.-Col. N. W. B. B. Thorns on the question of joining up yesterday morning. They received the reply, "Nothing doing." In reply to a question by a reporter, Lt.-Col. Thorns stated that the enquiries did not come by any means from the ranks of the present unemployed, as some of those who offered their services stated expressly that they were in good positions.

AN IDLE RUMOUR.

NO WAR TALK AT BURNHAM. It has been rumoured that the trainees at the camp at Burnham were being encouraged in the carrying out of camp drill by suggestions that they were in preparation for "the real thing" in the near future.

Enquiries were made of Lt.-Col. N. W. B. B. Thorns, who has just returned from Burnham, regarding the matter, yesterday, and he immediately got in touch with the camp and caused enquiries to be made. Lt.-Col. Thorns stated as a result of his investigations that the rumour was a groundless one, and he was satisfied that nothing of the sort was taking place. Ho stated that such methods were not allowed by the Department under any consideration, and he was certain that no officers or non-commissioned officers had been guilty of such a breach of the regulations. There was no talk of war and China either among the trainees or in the mess.

JAPAN NEGOTIATING NEW TREATY. (AUSTRALIAN AND N.Z. CABLE ASSOCIATION.) (Received January 28th, 1 a.m.) TOKIO, January 27. It is understood that the Government has authorised a new treaty with China and Japan, to be concluded on an equal footing with mutual recognition, the most favoured nation treatment being likewise specified. Other points include the recognition of China's tariff autonomy after the treaty becomes effective and under certain provisos. The abolition of extra territoriality is to be conceded, afte which the right or residence and business enterprise will be granted to Japanese in any part of China. China is to recognise the graduated tariff on Japanese cotton yarn and tissue and similar special exports. Thequestion of the surtax will not be taken up in the present treaty negotiations, as an international agreement is required first. Chinese -essels will be permitted to engage in coastal trade in Japanese waters.

TROOPS FROM INDIA. (Sydney "Sus" Service.) (Received January 27th, 11.20 p.m.) DELHI, January 27. The Second Durhams embarked todav at Calcutta for China, and two Indian battalions sail on Sunday.