NOBEL PEACE PRIZE.

Auckland Star, Volume LXIX, Issue 45, 23 February 1938, Page 6

NOBEL PEACE PRIZE.

The founder of the Nobel Peace Prize was "the father of modem explosives," Alfred Bernhard Nobel, a Swedish chemist and engineer, born at Stockholm, October 21, 1833. Nobel patented dynamite, and without his skill the bombs and shells now raining on Spain and China would proba.bly be considerably less effective. When lie died at San Ttemo in December, IS9O, Nobel -left the bulk of the vast fortune, which he had made from Russian petroleum, for international award. Each year a fifth of the income was to go to the person making the most important discovery in physics; one-fifth to the most important discovery in physiology or medicine; onefifth for the finest piece of literature "of an idealist tendency"; one-fifth for the most important chemical discovery or improvement; and one-fifth '"to the person who shall have most or best promoted the fraternity of nations and the abolition or diminution of standing armies and the formation and increase of peace congresses." Judges of the peace prize are a committee of five elected by the Norwegian Parliament. In the last twenty years (says "News-Review") the committee i has been unable on five occasions to find anyone deserving the award; winners have included President Woodrow Wilson (1919), Austen Chamberlain (ID2.">), Sir Norman Angell (1933), German pacifist Carl von Ossietzsky the Argentine Foreign Minister, Dr. Carlos Saavedra Lamas (1930) and Viscount Cecil of Chelwood (last year).