The Heteroptera of New Zealand Part III—Coreidae, Berytidae, Tingidae, Cimicidae

Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Zoology, Volume 1, Issue 11, 27 October 1961, Page 145

The Heteroptera of New Zealand Part III —Coreidae, Berytidae, Tingidae, Cimicidae

T. E. Woodward

By

Department of Entomology, University of Queensland.

[Received by Editor, August 8, 1960.]

Abstract

The fauna comprises an introduced species of Coreidae (with a second introduced species almost certainly now extinct in N.Z.), one endemic species of Berytidae, three species of Tingidae (two endemic, one introduced), and one introduced Cimicid. Synonymic and other references and distributional records are given for these species, and keys to the Coreidae and Tingidae. Newly described or figured are the male and female terminalia, the evaporating areas and the eggs of Acantholyhas brunneus (Breddin), further structural details of Neides wakefieldi Buch. White and Cyperobia carectorum Bergroth, including the macropterous male and subbrachypterous male and female of C. carectorum.

Acknowledgments

I wish to thank Dr. R. A. Falla, Director, and Dr. B. A. Holloway, Entomologist, Dominion Museum, Dr. R. R. Forster, Director, Otago Museum (formerly of the Canterbury Museum), Mr. A. W. Parrott, Nelson, and Mr. E. S. Gourlay, Entomological Research Station, D.5.1.R., Nelson, for the loan of material; Dr. R. A. Cumber, Entomological Research Station, D.5.1.R., Palmerston North, for hospitality and facilities while collecting in the Foxton area and for the loan of material; and Dr. W. E. China, British Museum (N.H.), for the initial identification of Acantholybas brunneus.

Introduction

The Coreidae and Berytidae belong to the Pentatomorpha of Leston, Pendergrast and Southwood (1954) and to the super-families Coreioidea and Lygaeoidea respectively; the Tingidae and Cimicidae to the Cimicomorpha (above reference) and to the Tingoidea and Cimicoidea respectively. All four are poorly represented in New Zealand and are considered together for convenience. They have been keyed out from the rest of the New Zealand Heteroptera in Part I of this series (Woodward, 1953 a: 300). China and Miller (1955 and 1959) have been followed for family and subfamily names and the works of China (1943) and Van Duzee (1917) have been consulted for some of the synonymic references. Material from the Canterbury Museum is listed (C.M.), from the Dominion Museum (D.M.), and from the Entomological Research Station, D.S.I.R. (E.R.S.).

Key to New Zealand Coreidae

Apical segment of antennae subfusiform, sub-equal in length to third and twice as thick toward apex. Brown; hemelytra with a narrow pale costal band. Gonnexiva (paratergites) expanded, widely exposed beyond sides of closed hemelytra; brown with a pale transverse band on posterior margin of each segment. Head and thorax with numerous bead-like tubercles. Pronotum much widened posteriorly, where about 4/5 as broad again as head across eyes; hind margin without large processes. Scutellum broad, width at base subequal to length; about half basal width of pronotum. Rostrum long, extending well on to abdomen. Hind femora without large spines; hind tibiae straight. Stout; length 8.5-11 mm; width across abdomen 3.0-3.3 mm. Well established in Auckland area Acantholybas brunneus (Breddm)

Apical segment of antennae linear, about half as long again as third and only about /$ thicker. Brown; hemelytra without a pale costal band. Connexiva not or scarcely exposed, mostly pale. Head and thorax without tubercles. Pronotum not greatly widened posteriorly, where subequal in width to head across eyes; hind margin with a conspicuous process on each side of scutellum. Scutellum narrow, about fas wide at base as long; Ys basal width of pronotum. Rostrum short, reaching middle coxae. Hind femora with a posterior series of large stout spines; hind tibiae curved. Linear; length 10-12 mm; width across abdomen 2.2-2.5 mm. Recorded on Tahuna Beach, Nelson (1928), colony almost certainly destroyed since Melanacanthus margineguttatus Distant

COREIDAE There are apparently no indigenous representatives of this family in New Zealand. Of the three species recorded, Leptocoris sp. is not listed here because it is not represented in New Zealand collections; the identification is open to some doubt and even if it were correct the species was almost certainly introduced and did not become established in this country. The record is discussed by Evans (1928:463) and China (quoted by Woodward, 1951:207). Melanacanthus margineguttatus Distant, an Australian introduction, is included; the identification is undoubtedly correct, but the species has probably failed to maintain itself in New Zealand. Acantholybas hrunneus (Breddin), another Australian species, is well established in the Auckland district at least; it was figured earlier (Woodward, 1951: 208); only the terminalia and evaporating areas are illustrated here. The subfamily Alydinae is often raised to family status (see, e.g., Southwood, 1956; Scudder, 1959).

Subfamily COREINAE

Tribe HYGIINI

Genus Acantholybas Breddin Acantholybas Breddin, 1899, Jb. Hamburg, wiss. Anst., 16: 155. Acanthocolpura Breddin, 1900, Ent. Nachr., 26: 40; 1900, Rev. Ent., Caen, 18: 197. Type Species. Acantholybas longulus Breddin, 1899.

Acantholybas brunneus (Breddin). Text-figs. 1-3.

Acanthocolpura brunnea Breddin, 1900, Ent. Nachr., 26: 40.

Acantholybas brunneus (Breddin) Bergroth, 1909, Ann. Soc. ent. Belg., 4: 186 (brunneo, in error). Woodward, 1951, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., 79: 206-209; figs. 1-3 (recorded from N.Z. (ident. Dr. W. E. China), adults and nymphs described and figured); 1953, N.Z. Entomologist, 1 (3); 8-9 (records, life-history notes). Wise, 1958, N.Z. Entomologist, 2 (2): 27; Ibid., 2 (3): 14 (host records).

Female Terminalia (Text-fig. 1). Posterior margin of abdominal tergum VII broadly U-shaped, with middle part straight almost as far as paratergites; the latter not angled or convexly produced near mesial margin. Posterior margin of tergum VIII quite straight for most of width; paratergites abruptly produced backward. Tergum IX somewhat tumid, posteriorly declivous, posterior margin shallowly and broadly concave. Sternum VII not at all cleft or bilobed posteriorly and without trace of a transverse groove; posterior margin without long hairs, in posterior view deeply and broadly U-shaped with dorsal ends converging a little; trichobothrial areas of VII large, each sunk in an ovoid depression containing two subequal setigerous tubercles (the three trichobothria on each side of V and VI in similar conspicuous depressions; the three on each side of median sulcus on 111 and IV scarcely

depressed, on 111 arranged in a triangle, on IV almost in transverse line, the outermost trichobothrium a little anterior). First valvifers with exposed portions each with depth subequal to greatest width, their median edges together raised as a swelling, strongly declivous dorsally. Valvulae as usual small and concealed by the large first valvifers. Mesial margin of first valvulae armed with stout setae and antero-dorsally produced into a heavily sclerotized rounded prominence with strong and even longer setae. Second valvulae transverse, with long setae. Pendergrast (1957: 16, fig. 38) has illustrated the spermatheca of this species.

Eggs. Eight apparently fully formed ovarian eggs were taken from a female caught at Auckland, 31.1.1940, and a single egg from one caught at Auckland, 30.11.1950. The eggs are testaceous, oval, 1.5—1.6 mm long and 1.2—1.3 mm wide, the entire surface of the chorion with low hexagonal sculpturing, the hexagons 0.05-0.10 mm across. In these ovarian eggs the pseudopercular area is not sharply defined (sculpturing weaker and closer) and no micropylar processes were discovered, even with monocular preparations. The time of formation of these eggs accords with the late spring - summer period of oviposition postulated by the writer (1953 b). In that note the word “ corium ” (p. 8, second to last line) should read “ chorion ”.

Male Terminalia (Text-figs. 2,3). Pygophor (Segment IX) as in Text-fig. 2; internal margin with a pair of lateral plates (perhaps equivalent to the hypopygial appendanges found in some Pentatomidae by Barber and Sailer (1953: 151, 157, 171; figs.) and Leston (1953: 49-50, fig. 1); if so, their presence in some Goreidae would seem to support Leston’s suggestion that this may be a primitive character). In Acantholybas the plates are set in the postero-dorsal membrane between segments IX and X, and only their posterior edges project freely a little. Claspers (parameres, harpagones, gonostyli) broad, sigmoidally curved. Basal plate broad. Ejaculatory reservoir ovoid. Ejaculatory duct basally coiled but in part difficult to trace, because of the surrounding heavily sclerotized structures; apically within vesica, straight and thick-walled. Vesica heavily sclerotized, swollen basally, apical portion nearly straight and cylindrical, tapered distally. Conjunctival appendages long and heavily sclerotized; structures present which appear to represent all three pairs, a generalised and, according to Singh-Pruthi (1925: 151-154), apparently a rather unusual condition in the Goreidae (however, much comparative work remains to be done in this family): (1) apical, ventrolateral pair (originating near swollen base of vesica) simple, acuminate; (2) lateral pair (originating dorsad of (1) ), each with two divisions, one broad and flattened, the other bifid, its branches subequal, narrow, elongate, distally pointed; (3) dorsal pair, similarly each divided into two arms, the dorsal simple, flattened, the ventral stouter and distally shortly and asymmetrically bifid; the unbranched arms of both (2) and (3) for most of their length forming longitudinal sclerotizations of the wall of the conjunctiva, but distally projecting freely. Since attempts to evert the aedeagus were unsuccessful, a partially depigmented example has been figured intact, with the vesica and conjunctival appendages indicated within the phallosome (theca); in another example the phallosome and inverted conjunctival walls have been slit through mid-ventrally and spread out to illustrate the rather complex invaginated structures in more detail. In conformity with common usage the term “ conjunctival appendages ” has been applied, although the word “ processes ” would seem more appropriate.

Localities. I have seen specimens only from Auckland and surrounding districts. On 2.5.1952 Mr. J. S. Timlin {in litt ,) noted some specimens sent in from the Thames district, where they were “ reported to be damaging stored pumpkins”. Dr. W. Cottier (personal communication, March, 1951) noted a report from Royal Oak (Auckland) of large numbers (several hundred, samples of which proved to be of this species) coming out on to beans at night and causing great damage. Wise (1958 a, b) gives further host records.

Subfamily ALYDINAE Tribe ALYDINI Genus Melanacanthus Stal

Melanacanthus Stal, 1873, K. svenska Vetensk Akad. Handl. (N.S.), 11 (2): 92. Type Species. Tupalus ferrugineus Stal, 1870.

Melanacanthus margineguttatus Distant, 1911, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (8) 7: 585. Evans, 1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 2: 463 (recorded from N.Z.). Woodward, 1951, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., 79 (2): 207.

BERYTIDAE

According to the Copenhagen Decisions (ed. Hemming, 1953: 36) a FamilyGroup name is not to be changed when the name of its type genus is changed because this is found to be a junior synonym. Thus, as pointed out by China and Miller (1955; 260), under the current rules Neididae remains a junior synonym of Berytidae, which has prioity although Berytus is a junior objective synonym of Neides. The decisions of the London Congress (1958) are no.t to hand at the time of writing.

The Berytidae of the Australian region have been revised by Gross (1950), who redescribed and keyed out the sole New Zealand species, the endemic Neides wakefieldi Buch. White. This is known only in the subbrachypterous and brachypterous forms, the latter being much the commoner (Myers, 1926: 485-486; Gross, 1950: 315).

Subfamily BERYTINAE

Genus Neides Latreille

Neides Latreille, 1802, Hist. nat. Crust. Ins., 3: 246; 1810, Consid. gen. Crust. Arach. Ins.: 255, 433. Gross, 1950, Rec. So. Aust. Mus., 9 (3): 314-315 (redescribed, keyed out).

Berytus Fabricius, 1803, Syst. Rhyng.: 264. Podicerus Dumeril, 1916, Zool. Anal.: 263. Sphalerocoris Flor, 1860, Rhynchoten Livlands , 1: 202, 205.

Type Species. Berytus tipularius Fabricius, 1803 (= Cimex tipularius Linnaeus, 1758).

Neides wakefieldi F. Buch. White (Text-fig. 4)

Neides wakefieldi F. Buch. White, 1878, Ent. mon. Mag., 15: 31. Hutton, 1898, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 30: 172; 1904, Index Faun. Nov. Zeal.: 222. Myers, 1926, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 56: 462, 485-486. Tillyard, 1926, Ins. Aust. N.Z.: 147, 148; fig. Q 5. Myers and China, 1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 1: 380. Gross, 1950, Rec. So. Aust. Mus., 9 (3): 315-317 (redescribed, keyed out).

Adults. Measurements of specimens examined: Length, $ 6.3-7.4 mm; 5 8.0-9.2 mm. Width (maximum across abdomen), $ 0.6—0.7 mm; $ 0.9—1.0 mm. Width of head across eyes, $ 0.43-0.44 mm; $ 0.47-0.50 mm.

Hemelytra of brachypterous adults rather variable in development, in some apex not quite reaching posterior margin of abdominal tergum 11, in others extending almost half-way along tergum 111, in most to about the basal J or Ys of 111. Length in $ 0.8-1.0 mm, in ? 0.9-1.1 mm. Membrane linear; 0.04-0.09 mm wide; apex sometimes acute, usually narrowly rounded; projecting only slightly beyond apex of corium (by 0.03-0.09 mm).

Body colour varies from mostly pale yellowish (straw) brown above and more or less darker and more reddish brown below, to dark reddish brown on both surfaces. The areas around the spiracles of abdominal segments 111-VI or IV-VI may be extensively black, narrowly ringed with brown, or concolorous with the surrounding cuticle. The dark lines on the sides of the head and the ventral bands on head, thorax and abdomen vary considerably in the intensity and distinctness of pigmentation.

Nymphs. Very similar in general form to the adults, differing, as usual, in the smaller size, the 2-segmented tarsi, the wing rudiments shorter or absent, the ocelli lacking, the genitalia rudimentary or absent, thoracic stink-gland orifices absent.

Last (fifth) instar differs from adult as follows: length, 5.8-6.5 mm; apex of first antennal segment not swollen; apices of femora slightly thickened but not clavate; body without long pale pubescence; pronotum impunctate; hemelytra without punctures or ridgelike veins, scarcely extending beyond level of posterior articulation of hind coxae, mesial margins widely separated, ca. 0.6 mm long; 3 ventro-lateral dark lines longitudinally on each side of head behind eyes; width of head across eyes, ca. 0.4 mm.

Third instar exhibits similar differences from the adult; length ca. 2.7 mm (dried); front wing buds even narrower and wider apart, ca. 0.3 mm long; width of head ca. 0.2 mm.

Distribution. This species occurs in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. Hutton (1898: 172) recorded it from Wellington (N. 1.) and Myers (1926: 485) from Wanganui (N. 1.) and Governor’s Bay (Canterbury, 5.1.). I have examined the following specimens; 1 $, 2s, 3 nymphs (2 fifth instar, 1 third), Paiaka, Manawatu (N. 1.), 4-5.1.1950 (sweeping Muehlenbeckia and shrubs); 1 $, (same loc.), 2.2.1951, T. E. Woodward. 1 $, Foxton, Manawatu, 7.1.1950 (sweeping grasses), T. E. Woodward. 1 5,1 ? (in cop.), Stephens 1., Cook Strait, 30.11.1953 (beaten from tussock), B. A. Holloway (D.M.). 1 $, Fisherman’s Bay, Akaroa (Gant., 5.1.), 27.4.1950, P. Hughson (G.M.). 3 $, 3 $, Price’s Valley, W. Banks Penins. (Gant., 5.1.), 18.2.1959 (bases of rushes), T. E. Woodward. All adults brachypterous.

Seasonal Occurrence. Adults have now been recorded from November to February and in April.

TINGIDAE

Only three species are known to occur in New Zealand, Cyperobia carectorum and Tanybyrsa cumberi, both endemic, and the introduced, widespread Stephanitis rhododendri, holarctic in origin.

Key to New Zealand Tingidae

1. Pronotum produced back subtriangularly to cover scutellum; median carina flange-like, with areolae very much larger than punctures of disc; paranota wide, flaring, with large areolae; anterior part of pronotum much raised into a medianly keeled hood with anterior margin projecting over head and with areolae very much larger than punctures of disc. Bucculae not or scarcely produced anterior to anteclypeus, not conspicuous in dorsal view. Head above with 5 pale, slender, elongate processes, 3 anterior, 2 posterior. Hemelytra with greatest area projecting

beyond abdomen; areolae, except on inner basal portion, very large, giving a widely open network, glassily transparent between veins; no conspicuously raised veins in median area; costal margin not reflexed. Total length about 3-4 mm 2

Pronotum not produced back, posterior margin nearly straight, leaving exposed the very small scutellum, which is apically raised into a tubercle; median carina low, without large areolae; lateral margins raised but without large areolae; areolae of whole pronotum small, puncture-like; without a much raised hood, anterior margin not projecting, shallowly concave. Bucculae strongly produced anteriorly and meeting in front of anteclypeus, conspicuous in dorsal view. Head above with 2 pairs of stout, short processes, all anterior to eyes. Hemelytra with greatest area over-lying abdomen; all areolae small, giving a close, almost punctate reticulation; median area with 2 strongly-raised cross-veins; costal area reflexed, biserially areolated. Total length about 2-4 mm Cyperobia carectorum Bergroth

2. Pronotal hood covering head between eyes, rather bladder-like. All 5 processes of head recumbent; the posterior pair covered above by pronotal hood and not extending to bases of lateral anterior processes. Pronotum and hemelytra clothed with long, silky, suberect hairs. Pronotum with median carina of disc higher in middle than hood; paranoia very wide, with 3-4 rows of areolae Stephanitis rhododendri Horvath

Pronotal hood leaving most of head exposed, not bladder-like. The 3 anterior cephalic processes erect, the median process shorter than the lateral; the 2 posterior processes long, recumbent, conspicuous from above, reaching bases of lateral anterior processes. Pronotum and hemelytra without hairs. Pronotum with median carina of disc very much lower than hood; paranoia narrower, with 2 rows of areolae Tanybyrsa cumberi Drake

Subfamily TINGINAE

Genus Stephanitis Stal

Stephanitis Stal, 1873, K. svensk. Vetensk Akad. Handl., 11 (2): 123. For synonyms see Van Duzee (1917: 216), China (1943: 246), Drake and Maa (1953: 99).

Type Species. Acanthia pyri Fabricius, 1775.

Stephanitis rhododendri Horvath

Leptostyla oblonga Provancher, 1887, Pet. Faune Ent. Can., 3; 159 {nec Tingis oblonga Say, 1825).

St-ephanitis rhododendri Horvath, 1905, Ann. Mus. nat. Hung., 3; 567. Steyer, 1915, Zs. angew. Ent., 2: 434-435. Stichel, 1928, Z. wiss. Insekt Biol., 23: 206 (identity discussed). Fox-Wilson, 1939, Proc. R. ent. Soc. Land., A, 14 (1): I—2 (damage, distribution in Britain). Schuiling, 1940, Tijdschr. PlZeikt., 46 (2): 83-86 (dispersal by flying). Borton, 1942, /. R. hort. Soc., 67 (10): 337—338 (control with pyrethrum). Bailey, 1950, Psyche (Gamb. Mass.), 57 (4): 144 (compared with other spp.).

Leptobyrsa explanata Heidemann, 1908, Proc. ent. Soc. Wash., 10: 105; PI. 4, figs, d, e. Felt, 1910, Bull. Albany N.Y. St. Educ. Dep. Mus., 141: 72-75; fig. 1. Crosby and Hadley, 1915, /. econ. Ent., 8 (4): 409-414 (life-history, control).

Leptobyrsa rhododendri (Horvath) Smith, 1910, Cat. Ins. N. Jersey (ed. 3): 148. Dickerson, 1917, /. N.Y. ent. Soc., 25; 105-112, PI. 8 (life-history, biology). Weiss, 1918, Circ. N. Jersey agric. exp. Sta., 100: 1-19 (life-history, control).

1922, /. Minist. Agric., Lond., 29 (6): 555-558 (life-history, damage, description, control). Johnson, 1936, Ann. appl. Biol., 23 (2): 342-368 (bionomics, lifehistory); 1937, ibid., 24 (2): 342-355 (feeding habits, nature of lesions produced). Cottier, 1956, Plant Protection in N.Z. (Govt. Printer, Well.): 253, 256, 340, 341.

Further references will be found in The Review of Applied Entomology (Ser. A) and in the bibliographies of works noted.

N.Z, Specimens Examined. 25, Christchurch (5.1.), January, 1940 (from rhododendrons), R. S. Hamilton. Known from both islands, Dr. R. A. Cumber having collected specimens (identified by Mr. L. J. Dumbleton) in a nursery at Kaikohe, North Auckland, in 1949; the species recorded from both localities by Cottier (1956: 341).

Genus Tanybyrsa Drake

Tanybyrsa Drake, 1942, lowa St. Coll. J. Sci., 17 (1): 21 Type Species, Compseuta ampliata Hacker, 1927.

Tanybyrsa cumberi Drake

Tanybyrsa cumberi Drake, 1959, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., 87 (1 and 2): 67—68; fig, 1. This endemic representative of an otherwise Australian genus is so far known only from the unique type specimen collected by Dr. R. A. Cumber in the Te KuitiAwakino Gorge (N. 1.) while beating low vegetation.

Subfamily CANTACADERINAE

Genus Cyperobia Bergroth

Cyperobia Bergroth, 1927, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 57: 673.

Type Species. Cyperobia carectorum Bergroth, 1927.

Cyperobia carectorum Bergroth (Text-fig. 5)

Cyperobia carectorum Bergroth, 1927, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 57: 674—675. Myers and China, 1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 1: 380.

C. carectorum was described from a macropterous female. Like many other Tingids it is dimorphic; the subbrachypterous form differs in a number of features from the single macropterous male available to me and from the macropterous female as described by Bergroth. Measurements and ratios for the specimens to hand are tabulated below. The length of Bergroth’s type female was 4 mm.

The following portions of Bergroth’s generic description (extracted literally, with only punctuation changes) appertain only to the macropterous form:

“ Body narrowly rhomboidal. Head longer than broad, shorter than pronotum. Second (antennal joint) not nearly reaching apex of head. Pronotum across widest part of the posterior lobe more than twice wider than apically” [this also does not apply to the macropterous male]. “ Elytra entirely overlapping at apex. Costal area near base inwardly dilated and there tri- or quadriseriate ” [not in macropterous male]. “ Wings but little shorter than elytra.” [The subbrachypterous form also differs from the generic description in details of pronotal structure as described below.]

In both macropterous and subbrachypterous forms the rostrum reaches nearly to the posterior margin of the first visible abdominal sternum. A median ventral groove extends back to the second or third visible abdominal sternum. On each side of the rostrum is a flange extending the length of the meso- and meta-sterna, its ventral margin undulating, highest between the hind coxae. In both forms the hind wings are vestigial or reduced and evidently functionless.

Macropterous $. Pronotum with broadest part of posterior lobe 1.7 times as wide as apex of anterior lobe. Costal area of hemelytra biseriately areolated throughout, scarcely inwardly dilated near base. Pronotum paler than in type female, testaceous with anterior swollen part of anterior lobe, calli, and carinae except anteriorly, infuscated.

Suhbrachypterous $, 2. Form less elongate. Head with length equal to or slightly less than width across eyes, equal or closely subequal to length of pronotum. Second antennal segment reaching anterior level of bucculae. Pronotum much shorter than in macropterous form; across widest part of posterior lobe 1.8 times as wide as apex of anterior lobe; anterior lobe uniformly areolate; the three middle carinae continued strongly to apical margin of anterior lobe, the central one without a break, the other two with a very narrow but complete break above the calli; the short submarginal carinae extremely obsolescent or (usually) absent; the carinate lateral margins much more strongly reflexed than in macropterous male. Hemelytra not or only slightly overlapping at apex; cross-veins less strongly raised than in macropterous form; costal area biseriately areolate apically, uniseriate basally, only slightly inwardly dilated just

before base where sometimes very shortly biseriate, the costal areolae smaller than those of median area. Hind wings very narrow, much shorter than hemelytra. Colour (dried material ex alcohol) pale yellowish brown, including first two antennal segments; fourth antennal segment fuscous; eyes reddish brown; a more or less distinct patch near middle, between costa and media, fuscous brown; sometimes many of the veinlets fuscous or tinged with red; underside of abdomen and sometimes sides of thorax more or less fuscous brown.

Localities, This is the species referred to by Myers (1922:6, footnote; 1926; 462, 477) as occurring on sedges at Gollan’s Valley (Wellington, N. 1.) and (possibly on Cassinia) at the Karori Reservoir Reserve (Wellington). Bergroth’s type was a 2 from Gollan’s Valley. I have examined the following specimens; Stoke’s Valley (Wellington), 3 subbrachypterous 2, 10.8. 1952, 4 subbrachypterous $, 31.8.1952, ex moss, B. A. Holloway (D.M.). 1 macropterous $, Gollan’s Valley (Wellington), 5.2.1921 (sedges), J. G. Myers (E.R.S.).

Seasonal Occurrence. Adults have so far been taken in February and March (macropterous) and August (subbrachypterous). It would be interesting to know whether there is any correlation between season and alary development, and whether low temperatures during development induce wing shortening, or whether wing development is purely genetically controlled.

CIMIGIDAE Subfamily CIMIGINAE Genus Cimex Linnaeus

Cimex Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), 1; 441. Acanthia Fabricius, 1775, Syst. Ent .: 693. Clinocoris Fallen, 1829, Hemip. Suec., Cimic.: 141. Klinophilos Kirkaldy, 1899, Entomologist, 32: 219.

Type Species. Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 (fixed by International Commission (Opinion 81) ).

Cimex lectularius Linnaeus

Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat. (ed. 10), 1: 441. Hutton, 1904, Index Faun. Nov. Zeal.: 353. Girault, 1912, /. econ. Biol., 7: 163-188 (biology). Gragg, 1915, Ind. J. med. Res., 2: 698-705; 1920, Ind. J. med. Res., 8: 32-79 (reproductive system, fertilization); 1923, Ind. J. med. Res., 11: 449—473 (bionomics). Hase, 1917, S.B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Bed., 1917: 103-106 (biology); 1918, ibid., 1918: 311-322- (fertilization); 1919, Zbl. Bakt., (1) 83: 22-39 (bionomics). Christophers and Gragg, 1922, Ind. J. med. Res., 9: 445-463, Pis. 29—31 (genitalia). Butler, 1923, Biol. Brit. Hem.-Het .; 310-319. Puri, 1924, Parasitology, 16 (1): 84-97, PI. VI, 12 text-figs, (anatomy). Myers, 1926, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 56: 455, 456, 462, 472. Tillyard, 1926, Ins. Aust. N.Z. : 153. Myers and China, 1928, Ann. Mag. nat. Hist., (10) 1: 384. Kemper, 1928, Zool. Anz., 78: 90-96 (tracheal system); 1929, Z. Desinfekt., 21: 286-297 (sense organs and physiology); 1929, Z. Morph. Oekol. Tiere, 15: 524-545 (scentglands). Patton and Evans, 1929, Ins., Ticks, Mites Venom. Anim. Med. Vet. Import., 1: 573-577; 581-595; text-figs. 301, 307, 310 B; PI. XLII, figs. 1,3; PI. XLVIII, figs. 1. 2 (anatomy, life-history, biology). Rivnay, 1930, Ann. ent. Soc. Amer., 23: 758-764 (host selection, cannibalism). Titschack, 1930, Z. Morph. Oekol. Tiere, 17: 471-551 (growth, feeding, egg production). Cummings (revised Austin), 1932, Brit. Mus. ( N.H .) Econ. Ser., 5 (morphology, habits, control). Janisch, 1933, Z. Parasitenk., 5; 460-514 (development). Abraham, 1934, Z. Parasitenk., 6: 560—591 (fertilization). Mellanby, 1939, Parasitology, Lond., 31: 193-199 (fertilization and egg production). Cameron (ed.), 1942, Committee on Bed-bug Infestation, Report for 1935-40 (H.M. Stat. Office, London) (with bibliography). Johnson, 1942, J. Hyg., Camb., 41 (4): 345-461, 39 figs, (ecology). Wygodzinsky, 1951, An. Inst. Med. region., Tucuman, 3 (2): 185-187; figs. 1, 12, 13 (nymphs and adults keyed and figured). Davis, 1956, Ann. ent. Soc. Amer., 49 (5): 466-493 (male and female reproductive systems). Stichel, 1959, Illustrierte Bestimmungstabellen der Wanzen (2) 3 (3): 77 (keyed out); figs. 230, 232, 237, 238. U.S. Dept. Agric., Ent. Res. Div., Agric. Res. Service, 1959, U.S. Dept. Agric. Leaflet No. 453 (development, habits, control).

Acanthia lectularia (Linn.) Fabricius. 1775, Syst. Ent.: 693. Clinocoris lectularius (Linn.) Fallen, 1829, Hem. Suec., Cimic., 1: 141. Kirkaldy, 1909, Trans. N.Z. Inst., 41: 27. Myers, 1922, N.Z. J. Sci. Tech., 5 (1): 7. Klinophilos lectularius (Linn.) Kirkaldy, 1899, Entomologist, 32 (436): 220. Cimex domesticus Moufflet, 1634, Ins. Minim. Anim. Theatrum: 629 (pre-Linnaean).

This nearly cosmopolitan species, the common “ bed-bug ”, is introduced, being, according to Myers (1926), “ quite unknown to the Maori people before the advent of Europeans ”. The literature dealing with this species is of course enormous, and references have been restricted to basic taxonomic works, those dealing with New Zealand occurrences, and some of the more important anatomical and biological papers. Further references are given in Van Duzee (1917) and in later works listed, and in such abstracting journals as The Review of Applied Entomology (Ser. B).

References

Barber, H. G., and Sailer, R. 1., 1953. A revision of the turtle bugs of North America (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). /. Wash. Acad. Sci. 43 (5), pp. 150-162.

China, W. E., 1943. The Generic Names of the British Insects (R. ent. Soc. Lond.) 8, pp. 211-342.

China, W. E., and Miller, N. C. E., 1955. Check-list of Family and Subfamily names in Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (12) 8, pp. 257-267.

1959. Check-list and Keys to the Families and Subfamilies of the HemipteraHeteroptera. Bull. Brit. Mus. {Nat. Hist.) Ent. 8 (1), pp. 1-45.

Cottier, W., 1956. Plant Protection in New Zealand (Govt. Printer, Wellington).

Drake, C. J., and Maa, T., 1953. Chinese and other Oriental Tingoidea (Hemiptera). Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 6 (2), pp. 87-101.

Evans, J. W., 1928. A Note on the Occurrence of the Coreid Melanacanthus margineguttatus, Distant, in New Zealand. Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. (10) 2, pp. 463—464.

Gross, G. F., 1950. The Stilt-bugs (Heteroptera-Neididae) of the Australian and New Zealand Regions. Rec. So. Aust. Mus. 9 (3), pp. 313-326.

Hemming, F. (ed.) 1953. Copenhagen Decisions on Zoological Nomenclature (Int. Trust Zool. Nomen., London), pp. i-xxix, 1-135.

Hutton, F. W., 1898. Synopsis of the Hemiptera of New Zealand. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 30, pp. 167-187.

Leston, D., 1953. Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea. X. Some specimens from southern Africa in the South Australian Museum, with a note on the remarkable pygophor of Elvisura irrorata Spinola and description of a new species of Piezodorus Fieber. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 51 (2), pp. 48-60.

Pendergrast, J. G., and South wood, T. R. E., 1954. Classification of the Terrestrial Heteroptera (Geocorisae). Nature 174 (441 Q), pp. 91-92.

Myers, J. G., 1926. Biological Notes on New Zealand Heteroptera. Trans. N.Z. Inst. 56, pp. 449-511.

Pendergrast, J. G., 1957. Studies on the reproductive organs of the Heteroptera, with a consideration of their bearing on classification. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Land. 109 (1), pp. 1-63.

Sgudder, G. G. E., 1959. The female genitalia of the Heteroptera: morphology and bearing on classification. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Land. 11l (14), pp. 405-467.

Singh-Pruthi, H., 1925. The Morphology of the Male Genitalia in Rhynchota. Trans, ent. Soc. Land. 1925 (1 and 2), pp. 127-267.

Southwood, T. R. E., 1956. The structure of the eggs of the Terrestrial Heteroptera and its relationship to the classification of the group. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 108 (6), pp. 163-221.

Van Duzee, E. P., 1917. Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico (Univ, Calif. Press), pp. i-xiv, 1-902.

Wise, K. A. J., 1958 a. Notes on Insect Pests, 1956-57. N.Z. Entomologist 2 (2), pp. 26-28.

Woodward, T. E., 1951. The Occurrence of Acantholybas brunneus Breddin in New Zealand (Heteroptera; Coreidae). Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 79 (2), pp. 206-209.

1953 a. The Heteroptera of New Zealand. Part I—lntroduction; Gydnidae; Pentatomidae. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 80 (3 and 4), pp. 299-321.

1953 b. Notes on Acantholybas brunneus Breddin (Heteroptera: Coreidae). N.Z. Entomologist 1 (3), pp. 8-9.

T. E. Woodward, Department of Entomology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Published by the Royal Society of New Zealand, c/o Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 196, Wellington.

Macropterous $, mm Subbrachypterous $, mm Subbrachypterous 9, mm Total length 3.6 2.2 -2.5 2.7 -2.8 Length of body 3.2 2.0 -2.2 2.2 -2.4 Length of hemelytra 2.3 1.4 -1.7 1.8 -1.9 Width (max.) 1.5 1.2 1.5 -1.6 Length of head 0.63 0.44-0.48 0.47-0.49 Width of head 0.58 0.45-0.48 0.51-0.52 Length of pronotum 0.73 0.44-0.48 0.48-0.52 Basal width of pronotum (max.) 0.80-0.83 (max.) 0.80 0.800.71-0.75 0.71-0.750.80-0.83 Length, antennal segment; 0.13 I 0.13 0.13 II 0.09 0.08 0.08 III 1.08 0.71-0.73 0.69-0.75 IV — 0.19-0.20 0.19 Ratios Length body : Length 1.2 -1.3 hemelytra 1.4 1.25-1.4 Total length ; Width 2.35 1.8 -2.1 1.8 -1.9 Pronotum — : Length 1.09 1.56-1.61 1.59-1.68 Length pronotum : Length 1.00-1.05 head 1.17 1.00 Width pronotum : Width 1.55-1.59 head 1.38 1.54-1.56