Foraminifera and Stratigraphy of the Tongaporutuan Stage in the Taranaki Coastal and Six Other Sections
G.W. Gibson
By
Part L—Systematics and Distribution
[Received by the Editor, 16 June 1965.]
Abstract
Seven sections of Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene) marine strata from the North Island and northern part of the South Island have been studied. Foraminifera in 146 samples have been examined and the systematics of 151 species from the type section and six important species, from other sections are discussed. A total of 172 species are illustrated and the following nine new species are described: Martinottiella clarae, M. massami, Sigmoilopsis gavini, Spiroloculina kennetti, Bulimina vellai, Bolivina mitcheli, B. watti, B. petiae, and Cibicides finlayi.
Introduction
Although the Tongaporutuan Stage and its subdivisions—Lower, Middle, and Upper—are recognised largely by means of foraminiferal species, foraminiferal faunas have not previously been described comprehensively from the Type Section or elsewhere. A survey has now been made of seven selected Tongaporutuan sections as part of a thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Victoria University of Wellington. This paper describes the foraminiferal faunas in 146 of the samples collected.
The type section of the Tongaporutuan Stage and some of the older rocks to the north have been examined and sampled in the coastal section between the mouth , of the Mohakatino River and Waitara in North Taranaki, called the Taranaki Coastal Section in this report. Weil exposed coastal sections at Palliser Bay and Cape Foulwind have also been sampled, and in addition inland sections near Tiniroto on the East Coast, and near Tahora in Central Taranaki have been chosen as the most promising for biostratigraphic comparison. Two sections of Tongaporutuan strata near Tamumu and Elsthorpe in Central Hawkes Bay have been chosen because of an apparently anomalous association of species noted in unpublished records of the New Zealand Geological Survey.
The stratigraphy and a discussion of the biostratigraphy of these sections will be published later, but two points must be mentioned here. Firstly, as only isolated sections were examined, no changes have been made in the existing rock stratigraphic classifications. Secondly, for ease of stratigraphic description it was
found necessary to subdivide the formations in the Taranaki Coastal Section into smaller lithologic intervals. The informal term “ unit ” is used for these intervals because Members (to which they probably correspond) should be defined on the basis of regional characters. “ Units ” are numbered in descending stratigraphic order.
Types
All types are lodged in the Geology Department, Victoria University of Wellington. Catalogue numbers of foraminiferal holotypes have the prefix F; paratypes Fp, and hypotypes Ff. Paratypes of the nine new species will be given to the N.Z. Geological Survey.
Sample Numbers and Locations
Sample numbers are the Sheet Fossil Numbers of the New Zealand Fossil Record System based on N.Z. Map Series 1, sheet districts. Grid references are the co-ordinates based on the National Thousand-yard grid (Table I).
Stratigraphic Ranges
Very few of the species are of use as markers for subdivisions, for although they range through a limited part of these sections their total stratigraphic range in New Zealand is usually much longer. The " recorded stratigraphic range" refers to the published limits for the species in New Zealand.
Distribution charts are filed at the New Zealand Geological Survey, and copies are available from Victoria University of Wellington.
The ranges of species as found in the sections examined are given when no published ranges could be found. These are listed as " observed stratigraphic range", and will rarely coincide with the true ranges for the species in New Zealand.
Classification
This study was completed in 1963. The systematic order follows that used by Hornibrook (1961, text), and is based on the classification of Sigal (1952). Following the usage of Fames, Banner, Blow and Clarke (1962), the genera allocated to the families Globorotaliidae and Orbulinidae by Hornibrook (1961) are here referred to the family Globigerinidae.
Synonymy
The Type Reference and a selected synonymy are given for each species discussed in this paper. Hornibrook (1961) gives full synonymies for many species with. New Zealand types.
Systematics Order FORAMINIFERA Superfamily LITUOLIDEA Family TEXTULARIIDAE Genus Bolivinopsis Yakovlev, 1891
Type Species: Bolivinopsis capitata Yakovlev.
Bolivinopsis cubensis (Cushman and Bermudez)
1937. Spiroplectoid.es cubensis Cushman and Bermudez; Contr. Cushman Lab. 13(1): 13, PI. 1, figs. 44, 45.
1961. Bolivinopsis cubensis; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 15, PI. 1, fig. 1.
Distribution: Rare specimens were found in several samples in the Taranaki Coastal Section and in the Elsthorpe Section, and in one sample from the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Teurian?; Waipawan to Opoitian (Paleocene to Lower Pliocene).
Genus Textularia Defrance, 1824 Type Species; Textularia sagittula Defrance.
Textularia subrhombica Stache, PI. 1, figs. 5-9.
1865. Textularia subrhombica Stache; Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil, 1(2): 271, PI. 24, figs. 20 a and c.
1926. Textularia gramen; Chapman, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. IT. 30, PI. 5, figs. 20 a—c (in part).
1947. Textularia sp. Finlay: N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. B 28(5); 280.
1961. Textularia subrhombica; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 17.
Description: Small, rapidly expanding, with sharp edges. Terminal face broad lens shaped in end view, planar in edge view, curving down at either side. Chambers 5-8 on either side, with weak sutures. Upper part of wall of later chambers often slightly expanded.
Walls slightly roughened, consisting of moderately fine sand grains set deeply in cement. Some specimens have less cement and a rougher appearance. The edges of the test vary from sharp to narrowly rounded and the margins of the apertural face vary from angular to rounded.
The Textularia sp. referred to by Finlay (1947: 280) when discussing Bolivina barnwelli, appears to be the coarser-grained variant of this species. Such forms are rare in samples from the Taranaki Coastal Section, and as their other characters fall within the range of variation of the smooth-walled form they are considered to be not separable. The recent species T. subantarctica Vella is similar but more rounded.
Dimensions: Hypotype 1, N165f700, length 0.26 mm, breadth 0.39 mm; Hypotype 2, N99f541, length 0.35 mm, breadth 0.44 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section T. subrhombica is rare and found only in occasional samples in Units 6 and 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation, but is common in the Urenui Formation.
It is present in most samples from the upper part of the Hurupi Formation at Palliser Bay, in the Elsthorpe Section and in the lower parts of the Tamumu and Tiniroto Sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan to Kapitean (Upper Eocene to Upper Miocene).
Textularia kapitea Finlay.
1947. Textularia kapitea Finlay and Marwick; N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. 8.28(4): 235 (nomen nudum).
1947. Textularia kapitea Finlay; N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. B.28(5): 266-67, PL 2, figs. 21, 22.
1959. Textularia kapitea; Fleming, in Fleming ed. Lex. Strat. int. 6 Oceanic (4): 166.
Remarks: A distinctive rounded species with test composed of coarse sand grains. Though previously considered to be restricted to the Kapitean stage it is here reported from the Waiauan in one section and the Lower Tongaporutuan in another. Pre-Kapitean specimens show the characteristic chamber shape and rapid thickening of the test, and occur with Textularia miozea. Although intermediate forms do occur there are specimens that are unquestionably T. kapitea. In one Foulwind sample two stouter, more rounded specimens are possibly variants of T. kapitea.
Distribution: Rare in the sandstone 23ft above the basal Tongaporutuan unconformity in the Foulwind section, together with rare Bolivinita quadrilatera. Rare in the top of the Waiauan limestone and common in the overlying sandstone in the Tamumu Section. The species appears to favour coarse lithologies of shallow-water sediments. This probably controlled its reappearance higher in the Foulwind Section, which Kennett (1962) regarded as evolutionary.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Kapitean (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Textularia miozea Finlay, PI. 1, figs. 3, 4.
1939. Textularia miozea Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 68: 509.
1947. Textularia miozea', Finlay, N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. B28(5): 266, PI. 2, figs. 18-20.
1961. Textularia miozea', Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 17 PI. 1, fig. 15.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 1.54 mm, breadth 1.29 mm
Distribution : Not found in the Taranaki Coastal Section or the Tiniroto Section. In the other sections, it is generally present in the lower part of the Tongaporutuan and in the Foulwind Section it occurs up to only 100 ft below T. kapitea in sample 524f530 of Upper Tongaporutuan age (Kennett, 1962).
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Hutchinsonian to Tongaporutuan (Lower Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Genus Haeuslerella Parr, 1935
Type Species: Haeuslerella pukeuriensis Parr.
Haeuslerella morgani (Chapman), PL 1, figs. 12, 13.
1926. Spiroplecta morgani Chapman; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 11: 32, PI. 8, fig. 2.
1961. Haeuslerella morgani ; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 20.
Remarks; Throughout the stratigraphic interval sampled, occasional samples are found without any members showing the rounded uniserial chambers characteristic of H. morgani. In these cases the forms are similar to Haeuslerella parri, the Pliocene end-member of the Haeuslerella lineage in New Zealand, but are here considered as juveniles of H. morgani.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length, I.lomm, breadth 0.28 mm.
Distribution; In the Taranaki Coastal Section H. morgani occurs in occasional samples of the Tongaporutu Formation, and is abundant in Units 5,6, and 7 of the Urenui Formation. Samples towards the top of the Urenui Formation are predominantly of flatter forms. In the Palliser Section H. morgani
occurs in all but the lowest 50ft of the section. Flatter forms predominate in the sandy siltstones of the Hurupi Formation. In the upper part of the overlying massive mudstone slightly larger specimens with well cemented walls and four or more uniserial chambers are referred to H. aff. morgani (PI. 1, figs. 10, 11). In the Tamumu Section H. morgani occurs in the lowest sample, from the massive siltstone below the Waiauan limestone, and is present in many of the higher samples. It occurs in many samples from the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Lower Wanganui Series (Middle Miocene to Pliocene).
Genus Siphotextularia Finlay, 1939 Type Species: Siphotextularia wairoana Finlay.
Siphotextularia awamoana Finlay, PI. 1, figs. 14-16.
1939. Siphotextularia awamoana Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(1): 91, PI. 14, figs. 89, 90.
1961. Siphotextularia awamoana; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 22, PI. 1, figs. 11, 12.
Remarks; Several samples show forms intermediate between S. awamoana and i S. subcylindrica, but many specimens are definitely referable to S. awamoana. Previously the highest record was from Waiauan strata (Hornibrook, 1961).
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.60 mm, breadth 0.44 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section S. awamoana occurs in several samples, ranging from Unit sto Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation, In the Palliser Section it occurs sporadically in samples ranging from the lower part of the Hurupi Formation to the middle of the overlying massive mudstone. It was not found in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Upper Waitakian to Waiauan; now extended to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Oligocene to Upper Miocene).
Siphotextularia subcylindrica Finlay, PI. 1, figs. 17, 18.
1940. Siphotextularia subcylindrica Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 499, PI. 62, figs. 9, 10.
1940. Siphotextularia subcylindrica; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z, 70(1): 122.
1962. Siphotextularia subcylindrica; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geology 1(12): 193.
Remarks : This species appears to be derived from Siphotextularia awamoana in the Lower and Middle Tongaporutuan by the development of rapid expansion in the initial part of the test, subcylindrical growth in the adult part, and oblique flattening of the last two chambers. Samples in Upper Tongaporutuan strata in Taranaki still contain some forms referable to S. awamoana.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.41 mm, breadth 0.28 mm.
Distribution: S. subcylindrica is found in all the sections examined. Finlay (1940) considered it to be restricted to the Tongaporutuan Stage, but it is now known to have a longer range.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Kapitean and possibly Opoitian (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Siphotextularia cf. ihungia Finlay.
1940. Siphotextularia ihungia Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69 (4): 449.
Remarks: Rare specimens in the Coastal Taranaki Section and Palliser Bay are very similar to S. ihungia but differ in having less acute edges.
Distribution ; These forms were found in strata ranging in age from Waiauan to Middle Tongaporutuan.
Genus Vulvulina d’Orbigny, 1826 Type Species: Vulvulina capreolus d’Orbigny
Vulvulina pennatula (Batsch).
1791. Nautilus ( Orthoceras) pennatula Batsch; Testaceorum Arenulae Marinae Tabulae Sex (Sechs Kupfertafeln mit Conchylien des Seesandes), University Press, Jena, 1791: 3,5, PI. 4, figs. 13, a-c.
1961. Vulvulina pennatulata (sic); Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 24.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section V. pennatula ranges from the upper unit (Unit 1) of the Tongaporutu Formation to the base of Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation. It is also found in two samples from the Tamumu Section and one from Tiniroto.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Middle Landon Series (Hornibrook, 1961) to Tongaporutuan and possibly Kapitean (Upper Oligocene to Upper Miocene).
Family VERNEUILINIDAE
Genus Gaudryina d’Orbigny, 1839 Subgenus Pseudogaudryina Cushman, 1936
Type Species: Gaudryina ( Pseudogaudryina) atlantica (Bailey)
Gaudryina (Pseudogaudryina) kingi Parr, PI. 2, figs. 19, 20, 23.
1936. Gaudryina kingi Parr; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 65(2): 83, PI. 20, figs. 1 a-c.
1959. Gaudryina kingi; Hornibrook in Fleming, Lex. Strat. int. 6 Oceanic (4): 404.
Remarks: In some samples some large specimens are completely triserial but otherwise appear identical with the typical angular forms with their last chambers biserial. The figured specimen is immature; fully grown forms are more elongate. Hornibrook (in Fleming, 1959: 404) considers that G. kingi makes its first appearance in the Tongaporutuan.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.85 mm, breadth 0.68 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. kingi is found in Units 4 and 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present in the upper part of the Hurupi Formation and in the overlying massive mudstone.
Genus Micros, Finlay, 1939
Type Species: Gaudryina medwayensis Parr
Migros medwayensis (Parr)
1935. Gaudryina medwayensis Parr; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 65 (2); 83, PI. 20 figs. 2 a-c.
1939. Migros medwayensis; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69 (3): 312, PI. 25 figs. 38-40.
1962. Migros medwayensis; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 1 (12): 193.
Remarks: As noted by Finlay (1939) this coarse-grained species first developed its distinctive slot-like aperture in the triserial stage.
Distribution : Four samples in the middle part of the Taranaki Coastal Section from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation and Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation contain M. medwayensis. In the Palliser Section it is present in three samples from the middle of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Middle to Upper Tongaporutuan; recorded also from the Kapitean (Vella, 1962) (Upper Miocene).
Recorded Ecologic Range: Haeuslerella biofacies, 200 to I,oooft (Vella 1962).
Family VALVULINIDAE
Genus Eggerella Cushman, 1933
Type Species: Verneuilina bradyi Cushman
Eggerella bradyi (Cushman), PI. 2, fig. 21.
1884. Verneuilina pygmaea (Egger.); Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9: PI. 47, figs. 4—7.
1911. Verneuilina bradyi Cushman; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 71 (2): 54. 1933. Eggerella bradyi; Cushman, Gontr. Cushman Lab. 9: 30.
Dimensions; Hypotype; length 0.31 mm, breadth 0.27 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section E. bradyi is present in many of the samples from the Mohakatino and Tongaporutu Formations and in the lowest part (Unit 7) of the Urenui Formation. It has been found as rare specimens in one sample from the Elsthorpe Section, and in one sample from the Palliser Section with Karreriella bradyi (Cushman).
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene) to Recent.
Genus Dorothia Plummer, 1931 Type Species: Gaudryina bulletta Carsey
Dorothia sp.
Distribution: A poorly preserved specimen found in a sample from the Mohakatino Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section is the only example of this genus.
Genus Karreriella Cushman, 1933 Type Species: Gaudryina siphonella Reuss
Karreriella cylindrica Finlay, PI. 2, fig. 22.
1935. Kerreriella siphonella (Reuss); Parr, Trans, roy, Soc. N.Z. 65 (2): 84, PI. 20, fig. 3.
1940. Karreriella cylindrica Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z, 69 (4): PI. 63, figs. 43-46. 1961. Karreriella cylindrica; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34 (1): 28. 1962. Karreriella cylindrica; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 1 (12): 188, 193.
Remarks: Vella (1962, 193) considers K. cylindrica to be an indicator of depth ranges from Robulus Biofacies (1,000-2,000 ft) to Eupelagic Biofacies (4,000 ft plus). He suggests that the relationship between the two species K. cylindrica
and K. cushmani is due to their different temperature tolerances and the effect of late Tertiary cooling on the bounding isothermal surface.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 1.18, breadth 0.31 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section K. cylindrica ranges from the base of the Tongaporutu Formation up to the base of Unit 4 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section K. cylindrica is found throughout the massive mudstone and extends into the overlying strata. It is present in each of the other sections, occurring in the lowest strata sampled in the Foulwind, Tamumu, and Tahora Sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Waitotaran (Middle Miocene to Upper Pliocene).
Karreriella cushmani Finlay, PI. 2, fig. 26.
1940. Karreriella cushmani Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69 (4): 452, PI. 63, figs. 38-42.
1961. Karreriella cushmani; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34 (1): 28.
1962. Karreriella cushmani; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geology 1 (12): 188. Dimensions; Hypotype; length 1.94, breadth 0.41 mm.
Distribution; In the Taranaki Coastal Section K. cushmani is present in occasional samples from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to the middle of Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section K. cushmani has a range similar to that of K. cylindrica in the massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation. It is present in two samples from the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Southland Series to Opoitian (Lower Miocene to Lower Pliocene),
Genus Martinottiell a Cushman, 1933
Type Species: Clavulina communis d’Orbigny
The definitions of the genera Martinottiella and Schenckiella suggest that both apertural characters and chamber arrangement distinguish these forms, but the genera are confused by many authors. Reference to the type species shows that the apertural character of Martinottiella is uncertain. The aperture of the type species Clavulina communis was described by d’Orbigny (1846) merely as being simple, but Cushman defined the genus Martinottiella as having a terminal aperture, typically an elongate arcuate opening about a rounded tooth, sometimes with a slight lip. However, in defining Clavulina communis var. nodulosa Cushman (1922) said that the aperture was “usually without the definite protruberant neck of the typical form” ( fide Ellis and Messina, 1940, et seq.) .
The species described here do in fact have the apertural neck said to be characteristic of Schenckiella and the chamber arrangement of Martinottiella, suggesting the existence of another genus. However, because the apertural character of Clavulina communis is uncertain, the following two new species are referred to Martinottiella on the basis of the abrupt change from multiserial to uniserial chamber arrangement.
Martinottiella clarae n. sp., PI. 2, figs. 24, 27-29
Description: Test of moderate size, elongate, about four times as long as broad. Rapidly expanding initial part with five, then four chambers per whorl, length of test, pentagonal to quadrate in cross section with subrounded angles; followed abruptly by four or five cylindrical uniserial chambers. There is a slight narrowing of the test at the first uniserial chambers making the multiserial part conspicuous because of its protruding angles.
Sutures indistinct throughout, shown by slight depressions on the uniserial part of test. Wall composed of medium to coarse sand grains set deeply in cement to give a moderately rough surface. Tests usually have a considerable number of dark mineral and glauconite grains. Aperture terminal, circular, with a small neck, without lip.
Dimensions: Holotype; length 0.99 mm, diameter of initial part 0.24 mm, diameter of final adult chamber 0.23 mm.
Variability; In the type sample some specimens are curved irregularly. There is some variation in the definition of sutures in the uniserial part of the test, but chambers are never strongly separated.
Types; Holotype (F 124) and 10 paratypes (Fpl24).
Type Locality: N165f701; at foot of sea cliffs, Palliser Bay, Sheet N 165 (Ist Edit., 1953), grid ref. 735051.
Type Level: In massive mudstone just above the top of the Hurupi Formation, Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Remarks: Martinottiella clarae differs from M. communis (d’Orbigny) in being smaller and having fewer uniserial chambers.
Distribution: M. clarae is present in the Taranaki Coastal Section in two samples, from Units 4 and 5 of the Urenui Formation; in the Palliser Section in the upper 50ft of the Hurupi Formation and in several samples of the overlying massive mudstone; in the upper part of the Tongaporutuan strata at Cape Foulwind; in the Tamumu Section in the siltstone beneath the Waiauan limestone and in fine-grained sandstone about 50ft above the limestone; in the Elsthorpe samples; and in the Tiniroto Section where it has a similar range to that of M. massami.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Kapitean (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Martinottiella massami n.sp., PI. 2, figs. 25, 31,
Description: Test of moderate size, elongate, expanding gradually from the rounded initial part; 4—5 times as long as wide. Initial part rounded, less than J of length of test, about 5 chambers per whorl. Change to uniserial chambers indistinct, without marked narrowing of the test. Uniserial chambers 5-7 in number, indistinct with weakly defined sutures obscured by rough surface. Wall of moderately coarse sand grains set only slightly in cement giving rough surface. Aperture on small neck with flaring lip, but no tooth.
Dimensions; Holotype; length 0.84 mm, diameter 0.23 mm.
Variability: Some specimens show depression of the sutures between the last chambers.
Types: Holotype (F 125) and 5 paratypes (Fpl2s). Ten additional paratypes (Fpl26) from N165f711.
Type Locality: N165f707 at foot of sea cliff, Palliser Bay, Sheet N 165 (Ist Edit., 1953), grid ref. 731054.
Type Level: In massive mudstone overlying the Hurupi Formation, Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Remarks: M. massami differs from M. clarae n.sp. in having the initial part subrounded, not rapidly expanding, and passing into uniserial chambers without narrowing of the test. The two species range throughout the strata examined and their first and last appearances are not known. One of the rare samples in which they were found together was from a nest of Foraminifera which had probably been reworked.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section M. massami is present as rare specimens at the top of the Mohakatino Formation, in several samples from Tongaporutu Formation, and in the Unit 7 of the Urenui Formation. At
Palliser Bay it is found in several samples of the massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation. In the Foulwind Section in the lowest part of the Tongaporutuan, at Tamumu and Elsthorpe in the younger part of the Sections, and in the Tiniroto Section it has a similar range to that of M. clarae.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Kapitean (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Genus Tritaxilina Cushman, 1911
Type Species: Clavulina caperata Brady
Tritaxilina? zealandica, Finlay.
1939. Tritaxilina zealandica; Finlay. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69 (1): 97-98, PI. 13, fig. 36.
Remarks: This conical species with conspicuous sutural limbation and intervening depressions has four chambers per whorl in its initial part, reducing to three, then finally two per whorl in the adult form. Forms with a biserial adult stage were not known by Finlay when he described the species (1939: p. 97).
The aperture is textularian, at the base of the apertural face. Absence of the final uniserial chambers and rounded terminal aperture characteristic of Tritaxilina make reference to that genus very doubtful. This species and others like T. atlantica Cushman may be referable to Textulariella.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section Tritaxilina? zealandica is present at the top of the Mohakatino Formation and in the lowest unit (Unit 7) of the Tongaporutu Formation. Rare specimens were found in the middle of the Tamumu Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Whaingaroan to Tongaporutuan (Lower Oligocene to Upper Miocene).
Family LITUOLIDAE
Genus Cyglammina Brady, 1876
Type Species: Cyclammina cancellata Brady
Cyclammina cf. incisa (Stache).
1865. Haplophragmium incisum Stache; Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil. 1 (2): 165, PI. 21, fig. 1.
1961. Cyclammina incisa; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34 (1): 30.
Remarks; All the planispiral arenaceous forms found in these samples are poorly preserved and the apertures are not visible. Rare specimens in the Taranaki Coastal Section, and in the Foulwind, Tamumu, and Tiniroto Sections are moderately compressed with distinctly rounded peripheries. These are tentatively referred to C. incisa. Compressd fonns with subacute peripheries in the lowest samples of the Tiniroto Section are referred to C. medwayensis Parr. As noted by Hornibrook (1961: 30) both these species are in need of clarification.
Superfamily MILIOLIDEA
Family OPHTHALMIDIIDAE
Genus Ophthalmidium Zwingli and Kiibler, 1870 Type Species: Oculina liasica, Kiibler and Zwingli.
Ophthalmidium sp.
Remarks: Two small specimens similar to that figured by Hornibrook (1961, PI. 3, fig. 46) occur in one sample from Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section. A poorly preserved specimen was found in one sample from the middle part of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section.
Genus Cornuspira Schultze, 1854 Type Species: Cornuspira planorbia Schultze.
Cornuspira archimedis Stache.
1864. Cornuspira archimedis Stache; Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil. 1 (2): 180, PI. 22, fig. 1.
1961. Cornuspira archimedis; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34 (1): 33, PI. 3, fig. 44.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section rare specimens of C. archimedis were found in one sample from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and in one sample from Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation. It occurs in two samples from the lower part of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section. This species ranges through most of the Tertiary in New Zealand.
Family MILIOLIDAE
Genus Sigmoilopsis Finlay, 1947
Type Species: Sigmoilina schlumbergeri Silvestri, 1904
Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri (Silvestri), PI. 2, figs. 30, 37.
1904. Sigmoilina schlumbergeri Silvestri; Mem. Pont. Nuovi Lincei 22: 267. 1947. Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri; Finlay, N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. B 28 (5): 270.
1963. Sigmoilopsis schlumbergeri Vella; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geology 2 (1): 4. Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.92 mm, breadth 0.59 mm. Dissected Hypotype; thickness 0.31 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section S. schlumbergeri ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present in the uppermost part of the Hurupi Formation and in the lower 650 ft of the overlying massive mudstone. Above this it is replaced by S. zeaserus Vella. In the Tamumu Section S. schlumbergeri is present in the upper samples. It has been found throughout the lower half of the Tiniroto Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Sigmoilopsis gavini n.sp., PI. 2, figs. 32-34.
Description: Test small, flat, about twice as long as wide, periphery rounded. Chambers elongate, small quinqueloculine initial stage followed by flattened sigmoid stage with 4-5 chambers on each side. Sigmoid arrangement shown by slight concavo-convex structure near the median line on either face. Test porcellanous but covered by a thin layer of fine sand, except on the periphery and neck, making chambers very indistinct. Aperture small, oval, on slender neck, tooth small, indistinct.
Dimensions: Holotype; length 0.48 mm, breadth 0.28 mm, thickness 0.06 mm.
Variability: Some specimens are more elongate than the holotype and have longer necks. The thin coating of sand on the sides of the test appears to be a consistent character.
Types: Holotype (F 127) and 5 paratypes (Epl27) ; dissected paratype (Fpl2B) from N165f714.
Type Locality; N165f706. At foot of sea cliffs, Palliser Bay, Sheet N 165 (Ist Edit., 1953) grid ref. 732053.
Type Level: Massive mudstone overlying the Hurupi Formation and underlying the Onoke Formation, Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Remarks; Has been identified previously as Praemassilina tenuis, but differs in smaller size, arenaceous coating, more elongate and flatter test, with narrower chambers and neck. This species is named after Mr Gavin Kidd in recognition of his generous assistance as demonstrator in Micropaleontology at Victoria University.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section S. gavini was found in three samples of Units 6 and 7 of the Urenui Formation and in the Palliser Section in the massive mudstone overlying the Hurupi Formation. It was also found in one of the Elsthorpe samples.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Seen only in Middle and Upper Tongaporutuan strata but is likely to be the form mentioned by Hornibrook (1961: 34) in the Miocene and Pliocene.
Genus Quinqueloculina d’Orbigny, 1826
Type Species: Serpula seminulum Linne
Quinqueloculina cf. lamarckiana d’Orbigny, PI. 2, figs. 38, 39.
1839. Quinqueloculina lamarckiana; d’Orbigny in De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839, Foraminiferes: 189, PI. 11, figs. 14, 15.
1957. Quinqueloculina ( Quinqueloculina ) lamarckiana; Vella, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 23, PI. 6, figs. 105-107.
Remarks: Large ovate smooth specimens with moderately acute peripheral angles here referred to Q. lamarckiana differ slightly from the sharp-edged form with subcircular outline shown in the type figure (Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.).
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.41 mm, breadth 0.36 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section Q. cf. lamarckiana ranges from Unit 5 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation; in the Palliser Section from near the base of the Hurupi Formation to the middle of the overlying massive mudstone. It was not found in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene) to Recent.
Quinqueloculina cf. candeiana d’Orbigny, PI. 2, fig. 35. 1839. Quinqueloculina candeiana d’Orbigny; in De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839, Foraminiferes: 199, vol. 8, PI. 12, figs. 24-26.
1929. Quinqueloculina candeiana; Cushman, U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 104 (6); 27, PI. 3, figs. 1 a-c.
Remarks : Small thin-walled specimens with sub-oval outline have low, roughly triangular cross-sections. The peripheries of the angled chambers are acute and produced to thin narrow flanges. The aperture is semicircular and is surrounded by a distinct rim. They are similar to the specimen figured by Brady (PI. 5, fig. 7
a-c) and currently referred to Q. lamarckiana (Barker, 1960). Their small size, thin walls, elongate shape, and flanged periphery distinguish them from the Q. cf. lamarckiana of this report and from typical Q. lamarckiana.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.36 mm, breadth 0.28 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section Q. cf. candeiana ranges from Unit 6 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present as occasional specimens at the top of the Hurupi Formation and the base of the overlying massive mudstone. It was found in one sample from the Tiniroto Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Middle Tongaporutuan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Quinqueloculina aff. delicatula Vella, PI. 2, fig. 36.
1957. Quinqueloculina delicatula Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 26; PI. 4, figs. 77-79.
Remarks: Differs from the typical form in small size; distinct, low, rounded keels on the edges of all chambers; and in usually having a thin coating of fine sand grains on all but the edges of the chambers.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.34 mm, breadth 0.21 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section Q. aff. delicatula ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation; in the Palliser Section from the lower part of the Hurupi Formation to the middle part of the overlying massive mudstone. It is also present in the Elsthorpe, Tamumu and Tiniroto Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower Tongaporutuan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Quinqueloculina triangularis d’Orbigny.
1846. Quinqueloculina triangularis d’Orbigny; Foraminiferes Fossiles du Bassin Tertiaire de Vienne. Gide, Paris: 288, PI. 18, figs. 7-9.
1957. Quinqueloculina ( Quinqueloculina) triangularis; Vella, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 23; PI. 6, figs. 100, 101. 108.
Remarks: Large ovate shells with sub-rounded peripheral angles, identical with the Recent Cook Strait form.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section Q. triangularis is present in occasional samples between Unit 2 of the Mohakatino Formation and Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in the lowest part of the Hurupi Formation and in one sample of the overlying massive mudstone.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene) to Recent.
Genus Miliolinella Wiesner 1931
Type Species: Quinqueloculina lamellidens Reuss
Miliolinella rounded sp.
Remarks : Single specimens of a large rounded Miliolinella occur in two samples of Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation.
Genus Scutuloris Loeblich and Tappan, 1953 Type Species: Scutuloris tegminis Loeblich and Tappan
Scutuloris hornibrooki (Vella), PL 3, fig. 47,
1957. Quinquinella hornibrooki Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28; 21; PI. 7, fig. 127-9.
1961. Quinquinella hornibrooki; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1) 34.
Remarks: Specimens definitely referable to S. hornibrooki were accompanied by narrower (i.e., more elongate) varieties in several samples.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.42 mm, breadth 0.25 mm.
Distribution: Present in only one sample in the Taranaki Coastal Section but in the Palliser Section found in the upper part of the Hurupi Formation and in the lower part of the overlying massive mudstone.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Awamoan (Lower Miocene) to Recent.
Genus Triloculina d’Orbigny, 1826 Type Species: Miliolites trigonula Lamarck
Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny
1826. Triloculina tricarinata d’Orbigny; Ann. Sci. nat. 7(7): 1826.
1960. Triloculina tricarinata; Barker. Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont and Min. 9 6, PI. 3, figs. 17 a, b.
Remarks: A specimen in Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation is referable to this species. Rare specimens in the Palliser Section have a similarly shaped test but the aperture is a simple slit perpendicular to the rear face of the test (PI. 3, figs, 48, 49). The latter forms are closer to T. angusteoralis (Wiesner),
Genus Crugiloculina d’Orbigny, 1839
Type Species: Cruciloculina triangularis d’Orbigny, 1839
Cruciloculina ericsoni Loeblich and Tappan, PI. 3, figs. 44, 45
1957. Cruciloculina ericsoni Loeblich and Tappan; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 215: 234, PI. 74, figs. 3-7.
Remarks: Specimens closely resemble this Recent species recorded from near Ireland. Not previously recorded from New Zealand.
Dimensions; Hypotype; length o.Bßmm, breadth 0.76 mm.
Distribution: C. ericsoni is present in only one sample in the Taranaki Coastal Section and one sample in the Palliser Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Genus Biloculina d’Orbigny, 1826 Type Species: Biloculina bulloides d’Orbigny
Biloculina anomala Schlumberger.
1891. Biloculina anomala Schlumberger; Mem. Soc. zool. France, 4: 569, PI. 11 figs. 84-86, text-figs. 32-34.
1957. Biloculina anomala; Vella, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 29, PI. 7. figs. 135, 136.
Distribution: Rare specimens occur in the Taranaki Coastal Section from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation; in the Palliser Section in the upper part of the Hurupi Formation and the middle part of the overlying massive mudstone, and in the Elsthorpe Section in one sample.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene) to Recent.
Biloculina murrhina Schwager, PI. 3, fig. 52
1866. Biloculina murrhina Schwager; Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil. 2: 203, PI. 4, figs. 15 a-c.
1929. Pyrgo murrhina; Cushman, U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 104(6): 71-72, PI. 19, fig. 8
1960. Pyrgo murrhyna; sic Barker, Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont and Min. 9; 4, PI. 2, figs. 10, 11, 15.
Remarks; Following the resurrection of the genus Biloculina by Vella (1957: 22) for species with circular aperture and little-modified bifid tooth, this species is referred back to Biloculina as originally described by Schwager.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 1.23 mm, breadth 1.21 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. murrhina was found as rare specimens in one sample from Unit 7 and one sample from Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in three samples from the middle part of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It was not found in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Middle and Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Biloculina pisum Schlumberger
1891. Biloculina pisum Schlumberger; Mem. Soc. zool. France, 4: 569, PI. 11, figs. 81-83, text fig. 31.
1957. Biloculina pisum; Vella, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 29, PI. 7, figs. 130, 131.
Distribution: B. pisum is present in the Taranaki Coastal Section in one sample from Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation, and in the Palliser Section in one sample from the middle part of the Hurupi Formation.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene) to Recent.
Genus Pyrgo Defranee 1824
Type Species: Pyrgo laevis Defiance
Pyrgo tasmanensis Vella, PI. 3, fig. 56.
1957. Pyrgo tasmanensis Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 30, PI. 7 figs. 141, 142.
Remarks: Specimens appear to be identical to the Recent form except for their slightly shorter aperture.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 1.30 mm, breadth 1.27 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. tasmanensis ranges from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 4 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section the range is from the middle of the Hurupi Formation to the middle of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. Rare specimens have been found in a sample in the Elsthorpe Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Lower Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene) to Recent.
Genus Spiroloculina d’Orbigny 1826 Type Species: Spiroloculina depressa d’Orbigny
Spiroloculina canaliculata d’Orbigny, PL 3, figs. 54, 57.
1846. Spiroloculina canaliculata d’Orbigny: Foram. Foss. Bass. tert. Vienne. 1846: 268, PI. 16, figs. 10-12.
1961. Spiroloculina canaliculata; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 34.
Remarks: An elongate form with squared periphery, the inner one-third of each chamber depressed to form a trough, leaving the prominent rounded outer part of the chamber upstanding; identical with illustrations of S. canaliculata. Previously the highest record was from the Waitakian. Specimens are rare, and might possibly be reworked, but most show no evidence of abrasion.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length I.oomm, breadth 0.54 mm.
Distribution; Found in the Taranaki Coastal Section in Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation and in Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation; in the Palliser Section in the massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation; in one sample from the Elsthorpe Section, one sample from the Tamumu Section, and several samples from the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Bortonian to Duntroonian, rare to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle Eocene to Upper Miocene).
Spiroloculina kennetti n.sp., PI. 3, figs. 58-60.
Description: Test small and flat, twice as long as it is wide, periphery rounded, wall thin, transparent, and glossy. Chambers elongate, 5-6 on either side, arranged in very flat sigmoid pattern, almost in single plane. Chambers semicircular in cross section, overlapping on to sides of earlier adjacent chamber. The overlap shows as opaque white bands between the thin transparent walls of the chambers, sutures otherwise almost invisible. Aperture circular with rather long neck and small simple tooth.
Dimensions: Holotype; length 0.49 mm, breadth 0.20 mm. Paratype; breadth 0.24 mm, thickness 0.04 mm.
Variability: The species shows slight variation in the ratio of length to width but is otherwise very consistent. The initial part is obscure in many specimens and the quinqueloculine juvenile stage usual in the microspheric form of this genus was not seen.
Types: Holotype (F 129) and 10 Paratypes (Fpl3o).
Type Locality; N165f708, at foot of sea cliffs, Palliser Bay, Sheet N 165 (Ist Edit., 1953) grid ref. 730054, Paratypes from N99f520.
Type Level; Massive mudstone overlying the Hurupi Formation and underlying the Onoke Formation, Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Remarks ; This species is named after my colleague, Dr J. P. Kennett.
Distribution: S. kennetti is present in the Taranaki Coastal Section in Unit 6 and Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation; in the Palliser Section in the massive mudstone overlying the Hurupi Formation. It was found in one sample from the Tamumu Section, and one sample from Tiniroto.
Superfamily LAGENIDEA
Family LAGENIDAE
The family Lagenidae includes many long-ranging forms with wide geographic distribution that have been found to be of little stratigraphic value, and only
five members of the Subfamily Frondiculariinae are discussed below. The remaining species have been identified as accurately as possible, their ranges are given on the Distribution Charts, and species from the Palliser Section are illustrated on the plates.
Subfamily FRONDICULARIINAE
Genus Parafrondicularia Asano, 1938 Type Species: Parafrondicularia japonica Asano
Parafrondicularia fyfei (Finlay).
1939. Plectofrondicularia fyfei Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(3): 319, PI. 27 fig. 10.
1959. Plectofrondicularia fyfei; Hornibrook in Fleming, Lex. strat. int 6 Oceanic (4): 428.
1963. Parafrondicularia fyfei; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 2(1): 4-5.
Remarks: This species is distinguished from P. pellucida in being thicker, sharply carinate, and in having a sutural angle of more than 90°. Finlay considered this a probable index of Taranakian, but it has since been found in the Waiauan Stage (Hornibrook, in Fleming, 1959).
Distribution: Found only in one sample from Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section, and one sample from the Elsthorpe Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Found only in Tongaporutuan strata, but recorded by Hornibrook from the Waiauan ako.
Parafrondicularia aff. wairarapa Vella, PI. 6, fig. 95.
1963. Parafrondicularia wairarapa Vella; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 2(1): 5, PI. 1, figs. 4-6.
Remarks: The specimens found all have 10-12 longitudinal riblets, instead of 2—6 as in P. wairarapa. Riblets near the middle of each face are always stronger and are continuous, while those towards the edges are discontinuous. These forms appear to be intermediate between the many-ribbed elongate form Parafrondicularia? awamoana (Finlay) and P. wairarapa, and are possibly separable as a new species.
Dimensions: Length 0.76 mm, breadth 0.31 mm,
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. aff. wairarapa ranges from Unit 5 to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation, being more common in the higher samples from this range. Rare specimens occur in two samples from the upper part of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone of the Palliser Section, in a single sample from the lowest part of the Tamumu Section, and in one from the middle of the Tiniroto Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Genus Proxifrons Vella, 1964
Type Species: Frondicularia advena Cushman
Proxifrons advena (Cushman), PI. 6, figs. 97, 99,
1923. Frondicularia advena Cushman; U.S, nat. Mus. Bull. 104(4): 141, PI. 20, figs, 1-2.
1963. Proxifrons advena; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 2(1): 5-6 (Gen. nom.
nudum). 1964. Proxifrons advena; Vella, N.Z. J 1 Geol. Geophys. 7(2): 402.
Remarks: Flat, moderately broad specimens without ornament are referred to this species. Large, rapidly expanding specimens with a few longitudinal striae occur in one sample from the lower part of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone of the Palliser Section and are doubtfully referred to Proxifrons vaughani Cushman.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.58 mm, breadth 0.38 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. advena occurs in two samples from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and is present in most samples between Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation and Unit 4 of the Urenui Formation. It is present in most samples from the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation at Palliser Bay, and in some samples from the Tamumu, Elsthorpe, and Tiniroto Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Genus Awhea Vella, 1963
Type Species; Nodosaria sinalata Finlay
Awhea sinalata (Finlay), PI. 6, figs. 98, 100.
1939. Nodosaria sinalata Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 452, PI. 63, fig. 49. 1963. Awhea sinalata; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 2(1): 6.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 2.75 mm, breadth 0.31 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section A. sinalata occurs as rare specimens in samples between Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation. It is present in one sample from the Palliser Section and occurs as rare specimens at the base of the Tiniroto Section and near the top of the Tamumu Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Awhea subtetragona (Finlay), PI. 6, figs. 96, 101
1939. Nodosaria subtetragona Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 452, PI. 63 fig. 47.
1961. Staffia subtetragona; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 83. 1963. Awhea subtetragona; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., geol. 2(1): 6.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length I.BBmm, breadth 0.30 mm.
Distribution: Found only in four samples from the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Miocene.
Family POLYMORPH INIDAE
Genus Globulina d’Orbigny, 1839 Type Species: Polymorphina ( Globulina ) gibba d’Orbigny
Globulina minima Bornemann.
1855. Globulina minima Bornemann; Deutsch geol. Gesell. Zeitschr. 7(2): 344, PI. 17, figs. 3 a-c. fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.
Remarks: Regularly fusiform specimens of Globulina are referred to this species.
Distribution: Rare specimens occur in the Taranaki Coastal Section; in occasional samples from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutuan Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation, in one sample from near the top of the Hurupi Formation, and most samples from the upper part of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section; and in one sample from each of the Tamumu and Elsthorpe Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Superfamily BULIMINIDEA
Family BULIMINIDAE
Genus Buliminella Cushman, 1911
Type Species: Bulimina elegantissima d’Orbigny
Buliminella madagascariensis (d’Orbigny), PI. 6, fig. 103.
1826. Bulimina madagascariensis d’Orbigny: Ann. Sci. Nat. 7:
1947. Buliminella madagascariensis; Cushman and Parker, U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 210-D: 68-9, PI. 17, figs. 15-17.
Remarks: This species, originally described from the Recent of Madagascar, differs from B. elegantissima in having a broad, rounded tooth which covers much of the aperture, leaving only a crescentic opening. It is also less fusiform and has the apertural face more flattened.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.59 mm, breadth 0.36 mm.
Distribution; In the Taranaki Coastal Section rare specimens occur in two samples of Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it has been found in three samples in the middle part of the massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation. Poorly preserved specimens in the Tamumu Section and Elsthorpe Section could not be determined with certainty.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Genus Bulimina d’Orbigny, 1826
Type Species: Bulimina marginata d’Orbigny
Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny, PI. 6, fig. 102.
1826. Bulimina aculeata d’Orbigny; Ann. Sci. nat. Ser. 7(7): 269.
1947. Bulimina aculeata; Cushman and Parker, U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 210-D: 120-21, PI. 28, figs. 8-11.
1947. Bulimina aculeata; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 76(3): 347, 348.
1958. Bulimina aculeata; Hornibrook, Micropaleontology 4(1): 29 table, 31, 32.
1961. Bulimina aculeata; Boreham, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 88(4): 656, 657 table. 1962. Bulimina aculeata; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 1(12): 192.
Remarks: Bulimina aculeata was originally considered to be a Pliocene and
Recent form but was later found in the Upper Miocene of Italy and of New Zealand. Hornibrook (1958: 31) named it as a key species making its first
appearance in the Kapitean stage, but Boreham (1961: 656—7) noted that in Taranaki it appears earlier than Sectipecten wollastoni, the primary index of the Kapitean.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.27 mm, breadth 0.15 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section one questionable specimen of B. aculeata has been found in the lowest part (Unit 7) of the Tongaporutu Formation. Good specimens have been obtained in one sample from Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. Rare specimens are present in the uppermost Urenui Formation at Tarata. In the Palliser Section it has been found in two samples from the middle of the Hurupi Formation (Lower Tongaporutuan) and in one sample from the overlying massive mudstone (Middle Tongaporutuan), and according to Dr J. P. Kennett (pers. com.) it is present higher in the section. In the Tiniroto Section B. aculeata occurs in the highest strata.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Upper Tongaporutuan to Recent. Here extended down to Lower Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene to Recent).
Recorded Egologic Range: Haeuslerella to Robulus Biofacies, 200 to 2,000 ft (Vella, 1962).
Bulimina mapiria Finlay, PI. 6, fig. 106.
1940. Bulimina mapiria Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4); 454, PI. 64, fig. 72
1959. Bulimina mapiria; Hornibrook in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanie (4): 405.
Remarks: Abundant B. mapiria supposed to mark the Upper Tongaporutuan (Hornibrook, in Fleming, 1959) have not been found in any of the sections examined.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.54 mm, breadth 0.26 mm.
Distribution: Rare specimens of B. mapiria intergrade with weakly ribbed specimens of B. senta in one sample (N100f560) from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section; B. mapiria also occurs in one sample from the Upper Tongaporutuan of the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Restricted to the Tongaporutuan Stage (Upper Miocene).
Bulimina notovata Chapman.
1941. Bulimina notovata Chapman; Trans, roy. Soc. South Aust. 65: 166.
1947. Bulimina notovata; Cushman and Parker, U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 210-D: PI. 30, fig. 8.
1960. Bulimina notovata; Barker, Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. and Min. 9: PI. 50, fig. 13 a, b.
Remarks: Forms with smooth oval tests and flush sutures are referred to the fossil and Recent species B. notovata Chapman. In occasional samples they occur with and grade into the tapered form with moderately inflated chambers referred to B. pupoides. In one such sample from the Palliser Section some forms are referable to B. ( Desinobulimina) montereyana (PI. 7, fig. 114), and all gradations between these three forms are found.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. notovata is found in Units 4 and 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Tahora Section it is present in one sample, and in the Palliser Section it is found in one sample as one member of the intergrading population mentioned above, and as rare specimens in the uppermost Tongaporutuan sample.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene),
Bulimina pupoides d’Orbigny, PI. 6, fig. 104.
1846. Bulimina pupoides d’Orbigny; Foraminiferes fossiles du bassin tertiare de Vienne, Gide, 1846: 185, PI. 11, figs. 11, 12.
1947. Bulimina pupoides; Cushman and Parker, U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 210-D: 105-106, PI. 25, figs. 3-7.
Remarks: This species is distinguished from B. pupula on account of its more inflated chambers, its depressed sutures, which at the base of each chamber run at right angles to the vertical axis, and the well defined lip around at least part of the aperture.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.68 mm, breadth 0.36 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. pupoides has been found in only one sample, from Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation; in the Palliser Section in several samples from the massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation. Rare specimens have been found in occasional samples in the Tiniroto Section and in one sample from the Elsthorpe Section.
Observed Stratigrahpig Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Bulimina pyrula d’Orbigny var. spinescens Brady, PI. 6, fig, 108.
1884. Bulimina pyrula d’Orbigny var. spinescens Brady; Rep. voy. Challenger, Zool. 9: 400, PI. 50, figs. 11, 12.
1947. Bulimina pyrula var. spinescens; Cushman and Parker, U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 210-D: 124, PI. 28, figs. 30, 31.
Dimensions; Hypotype; length 0.64 mm, breadth 0.34 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. pyrula var. spinescens occurs in Unit 6 of the Tongaporutu Formation and in Units 5, 6 and 7 of the Urenui Formation. It has been found in the massive mudstone overlying the Hurupi Formation in the Palliser Section, but not in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Bulimina senta Finlay, PI. 6, fig, 105.
1940. Bulimina senta Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 454, PI. 64, figs. 73, 74.
1959. Bulimina senta; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanie (4); 404. 1922. Bulmina senta; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. geol. 1 (12): 192 table.
Remarks : Finlay considered this species to be a “ development of the inflata type ”, but its strong apical spine shows that its relation is to B. striata. Some intermediate forms with typical senta spines on the later chambers have costate ornament on the initial part.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.68 mm, breadth 0.39 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. senta ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it has been found in only one sample, from near the middle of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. B. senta occurs as rare specimens in some samples in the Tamumu, Elsthorpe, Tahora, and Tiniroto Sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Pareora Series, or earlier, to Kapitean (? Lower Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Bulimina cf. striata d’Orbigny, PI. 6, fig. 110.
1826. Bulimina striata d’Orbigny; Ann. Sci. nat. Ser. 7(2): 269.
1947. Bulimina striata; Cushman and Parker, U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 210-D; 119, PI. 28, figs. 1-3.
Remarks: The three species B. striata d’Orbigny, B. inf lata Seguenza, and B. costata d’Orbigny are very similar in form. Cushman and Parker at first (1938) considered B. inflata synonymous with B. striata but later separated them again (Cushman and Parker, 1940), Tongaporutuan forms show considerable variation, but on the basis of the discontinuous costae developed as spines and the presence of an apical spine they are referred to B. cf. striata. A slim, elongate form which often shows a high aperture is listed separately in the tables but in many samples it becomes difficult to separate.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.38 mm, breadth 0.26 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. cf. striata ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation, with the slim variety present in occasional samples throughout much of this interval. In the Palliser Section the upper 500 ft of the Hurupi Formation has occasional specimens of B. cf. striata and more common specimens of the slim variety, but throughout the overlying massive mudstone B. cf. striata is abundant and the slim variety does not occur. In the other sections B. cf. striata is rare to common but the slim variety has been recognised only in one sample from the Foulwind Section and one from the Tiniroto Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Kapitean (Middle to Upper Miocene),
Bulimina truncanella Finlay.
1940. Bulimina truncanella Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 455, PI. 64, figs. 89-91.
1961. Bulimina truncanella; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 62, PI. 8, fig. 142.
Remarks: All specimens examined have 12-16 costae instead of 18 as described by Finlay (1940), but otherwise they appear to be identical. The specimen figured by Hornibrook (1961) also appears to have fewer ribs.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. truncanella occurs as rare specimens in Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation and Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and is more common in three samples of Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. Elsewhere it has been found in only one Palliser sample, from near the base of the masive mudstone, and in one sample from the Elsthorpe Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waipawan to Tongaporutuan—very rare in the Lower Wanganui Series (Paleocene to Upper Miocene, very rare in the Pliocene).
Bulimina vellai n.sp., PI. 6, figs. 107, 111-113.
Description: Test triserial, of moderate size, fusiform, 2J-3 times as long as wide, initial and apertural ends acutely rounded. Megalospheric and microspheric appear to be similar. Chambers angular, very slightly inflated, set with slight twist in about 5 compact whorls, last whorl making up about $ of the test, central chambers hexagonal to rhomboid, last chambers elongate. Sutures distinct, slightly depressed, slightly curved, upper and lower sutures of each chamber about horizontal. Wall thin, smooth, glassy. Depressed apertural face at apex of test placed slightly asymmetrically against edge of preceding aperture; of " kline-bottle" structure with chamber wall curving over to form back wall of aperture and then descending in the form of a tooth plate, which is attached to the " tooth" of the preceding aperture. The reflexed lip of the depressed apertural face forms the tooth which borders the outer part of the semicircular apertural opening.
Dimensions: Holotype; length 0.39 mm, breadth 0.15 mm; paratype (Fpl33), length 0.36 mm, breadth 0.16 mm.
Variability: There is some variation in the breadth of the test, and occasional specimens are slightly tapered rather than fusiform.
Types; Holotype (F 131) and 10 paratypes (Fpl3l).
Type Locality: N99f534. At foot of sea cliffs 3 chains west of Onaero River mouth, Taranaki Coastal Section, Sheet N 99 (Provisional Edit. 1944) grid ref. 921003.
Type Level: Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation, Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Remarks: This species resembles the Recent species B. exilis Brady in its distinctive aperture and smooth polished surface but lacks the basal spine and the elongate tapered test. Distinguished from the round-ended B. exilis var. tenuata (Cushman) by the shorter more compact test and the greater proportion of the test made up by the final whorl. One elongate specimen occurring with B. vellai in one sample from the Palliser Section is referable to B. exilis var. tenuata, as is the specimen figured by Vella and recorded as B. cf. exilis (Vella, 1957, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 32, PI. 8, figs. 164, 165). This species is named after Dr P. Vella in appreciation of his help and encouragement.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. vellai ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it does not occur in the lowest fossiliferous sample of the Hurupi Formation but is persistent in samples from the upper half of the formation and occurs in some samples from the overlying massive mudstone. Elsewhere it was found only as rare specimens in one sample from the Tamumu Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Genus Globobulimina Cushman, 1927
Type Species: Globobulimina pacifica Cushman
Globobulimina pacifica Cushman, PI. 7, fig. 115
1927. Globobulimina pacifica Cushman; Gontr. Cushman Lab. 3: 67, PI. 14, fig. 12.
1946. Globobulimina pacifica; Cushman and Parker, U.S. geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 210-D: 134-35, PI. 29, fig. 37.
1961. Globobulimina pacifica; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull 34(1): 63.
Remarks; This species shows considerable variation. Some samples contain delicate forms with very thin transparent walls.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.46 mm, breadth 0.25 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. pacifica ranges from Unit 6 to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in several samples from the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. Rare specimens are present in the Foulwind Section and Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Whaingaroan or Duntroonian (Lower Oligocene) to Recent.
Globobulimina perversa (Cushman), PI. 7, figs. 116, 117.
1921. Bulimina pyrula d’Orbigny var. perversa Cushman; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 100(4): 163, text-figs. 2 a-c.
1921. Bulimina pyrula; Cushman ibid. 162, text-figs. 1, a-c. Not of d’Orbigny.
1947. Globobulimina perversa; Cushman and Parker, U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 210-D: 135, PI. 29, fig. 34.
Remarks: This large pyriform species differs from G. pacifica Cushman in having a depressed suture overhung by the prominent edge of the final chamber running from base to aperture.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.73 mm, breadth 0.51 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. perversa occurs in one sample from Unit 3 and one from Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it ranges from the middle of the Hurupi Formation into the lower part of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone, but was not found in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Genus Virgulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Type Species: Virgulina squammosa d’Orbigny
Virgulina bradyi Cushman, PI. 7, fig. 118.
1922. Virgulina bradyi Cushman; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 104(3); 115, PI. 24, fig. 1.
1960. Virgulina bradyi; Barker, Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. and Min. 9: 106, PI. 52, figs. 9 a-c.
Remarks: Slightly tapering forms with a rounded initial end, identical with the type.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.43 mm, breadth 0.14 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section it has been found in several samples from Unit 5, 6 and 7 of the Urenui Formation; in the Palliser Section near the base of the massive mudstone just above the top of the Hurupi Formation. It is not present in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Virgulina rotundata Parr, PI. 7, fig. 121.
1950. Virgulina rotundata Parr; Brit. Aust. N.Z. Antarct. Res. Exped. Rep., Ser. B, 5(6): 377, PI. 12, figs. 14, a, b.
Remarks: This species is distinguished by its broad fusiform test, with a regular arrangement of chambers on the back and a somewhat twisted arrangement on the front.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.62 mm, breadth 0.20 mm.
Distribution: V. rotundata occurs as rare specimens in four samples from Units 5 and 6 of the Urenui Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section, in one sample from the middle of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone at Palliser, in one sample from the Tahora Section, and one from the Tiniroto Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Subfamily UVIGERININAE
Following the recent detailed work of Vella (1961, 1963), the uvigerinid genera have been examined carefully with the hope that they might supply useful reference horizons. Abundant costate specimens in many samples show considerable variation in size, shape and ornament. Of the distinguishing characters discussed by Vella (1961: 468, 469) size appears to be broadly applicable, but shape
was found to be very variable in all but the distinctive elongate forms. Costae vary in number but are reasonably consistent in their form (i.e., rounded or flange-like) and their extent with respect to the sutures. Ornament at the initial end shows considerable variation.
Genus Neouvigerina Thalmann, 1952 Type Species: Uvigerina ampullacea Brady
Neouvigerina eketahuna Vella, PI. 7, figs. 119, 120.
1963. Neouvigerina eketahuna Vella; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 2(1): 11, PI. 2, figs. 20, 21.
Remarks: On some specimens the papillae are aligned on the later chambers. In some samples a few specimens have elongate tests with the final chamber tending to be placed uniserially (PI. 7, fig. 119).
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.44 mm, breadth 0.24 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section it ranges from the base (Unit 7) of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 4 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is abundant throughout the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation. It is present in the upper half of the Tamumu Section, but was found in only one of the Elsthorpe samples. In the Tiniroto Section it occurs in occasional samples throughout the section ranging from mid-Southland Series to the Upper Tongaporutuan.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Mid-Southland to Kapitean (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Neouvigerina aff. ampullacea (Brady)
1884. Uvigerina asperula Gzjzek, var. ampullacea Brady; Rep. Voy. Challenger. Zool. 9: PI. 75, figs. 10, 11.
1960. Neouvigerina ampullacea; Barker, Spec. Pub. Soc. econ. Paleont. and Min 9: PI. 75, figs. 10, 11.
Remarks: These forms all show a gradual taper of the final chamber into the apertural neck, as in N. ampullacea, but differ in having a more elongate triserial part.
Distribution: This species occurs in the Taranaki Coastal Section in a few samples ranging from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation, in the Palliser Section at the base of the massive mudstone, just above the Hurupi Formation, and in the upper part of the Tiniroto Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Tongaporutuan Stage (Upper Miocene).
Genus Hofkeruva Vella, 1961
Type Species: Hofkeruva mata Vella
Hofkeruva (Hofkeruva) taranakia Vella.
1961. Hofkeruva (Hofkeruva) taranakia Vella; Micropaleontology 7(4): 474, PI. 2, fig. 1.
Remarks: Small, tapering specimens with generally continuous, angled costae are referable to this species.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section broken specimens in one sample from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and specimens from Units 2, 3 and 5 of the Urenui Formation are referred to this species. It occurs in the two uppermost samples of the Hurupi Formation in the Palliser Section and in single samples from the Foulwind, Elsthorpe and Tahora Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene); (recorded by Vella (1961) from the Compressa Zone to the Kapitea Zone).
Hofkeruva (Laminiuva) rodleyi rodleyi Vella, PI. 7, fig. 122.
1963. Hofkeruva ( Laminiuva) rodleyi rodleyi Vella; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 2(1): 9, PI. 2, figs. 28, 29.
Remarks: This form is elongate, with rounded costae continuous from initial end to base of apertural neck. In one sample from the Palliser Section (N165f693) it was found intergrading with the subspecies L. rodleyi tutamoides Vella which has lamellar costae.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.68 mm, breadth 0.31 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section it was found only in four samples from between Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation. It is common in the lower 700 ft of sandy siltstones of the Hurupi Formation in the Palliser Section and rare in two of the lower samples in the Foulwind, Tiniroto, and Tamumu Sections, and also in the uppermost sample from Tamumu.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene); recorded by Vella (1963) from Waitotaran to Hautawan (Upper Pliocene and Lower Pliocene).
Recorded Ecologig Range: Elphidium Biofacies to Haeuslerella Biofacies, c. 20 to less than 900 ft (Vella, 1963).
Hofkeruva (Laminiuva) tutamoea Vella, PI. 7, fig. 123.
1961. Hofkeruva ( Laminiuva) tutamoea Vella; Micropaleontology 7(4): 474, PI. 1, fig. 4.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.47 mm, breadth 0.27 mm.
Distribution: L. tutamoea was found in two samples from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section and in occasional samples from the Hurupi Formation in the Palliser Section, but was not found in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Clifdenian to Upper Tongaporutuan (Lower Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Hofkeruva (Tereuva) primigena Vella.
1961. Hofkeruva ( Tereuva) primigena Vella; Micropaleontology 7(4): 476, PI. 1 fig. 12.
Remarks: Three large inflated specimens with thin axial costae, and with the apertural neck set in a shallow depression, were found in a sample from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation. Poorly preserved specimens in the sandy siltstone of the Tiniroto Section are probably referable to this species. The closely related, almost smooth form, Hofkeruva ( Tereuva) paeniteres (Finlay) in which the apertural neck is set centrally in the terminal chamber was found in one sample from the middle of the Tamumu Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Middle and Upper Lillburnian (Middle Miocene) ; here extended to ? Waiauan and probably middle Tongaporutuan.
Hofkeruva (Tereuva) lutorum Vella, PI. 7, fig. 124.
1963. Hofkeruva ( Tereuva) lutorum Vella; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 2(1): 8-9, PI. 2, figs. 26, 27.
Remarks: Medium to large specimens with strong costae produced to form strong spines at the blunt apex are all referred to H. lutorum. They are variable in outline, with some forms similar to H. delicatula except for the apertural neck, which is set in a depression on most specimens. Specimens in the Palliser Section usually have large spines set in a bunch at the apex. These specimens and those in several of the Taranaki samples appear to intergrade with the large, tapered form referred to H. zeacuminata Vella.
Distribution: This is the predominant Hofkeruva in the seven sections examined. In the Taranaki Coastal Section H. lutorum ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in the upper part of the Hurupi Formation and in every sample from the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It occurs in most samples from the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Waiauan to Opoitian (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene) ; recorded by Vella (1963) from Kapitean (type level) to Opoitian.
Recorded Egologic Range: Robulus Biofacies, c. 1,000 to c. 2,000 ft (Vella, 1963).
Hofkeruva (Trigonouva) zeacuminata Vella, PI. 7, fig. 125.
1961. Hofkeruva ( Trigonouva) zeacuminata Vella; Micropaleontology 7(4): 476, PI. 1, figs. 15, 16.
Remarks: Large, tapering forms with strong costae that die out on the last chamber are referred to H. zeacuminata. These intergrade with H. lutorum in many samples.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.82 mm, breadth 0.44 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section H. zeacuminata occurs in four samples from Units 5 and 6 of the Urenui Formation. It occurs in several samples from the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section and in some samples from each of the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Altonian to ?Kapitean (Lower to Upper Miocene).
Genus Euuvigerina Thalmann, 1952
Type Species: Uvigerina aculeata d’Orbigny, 1846
Euuvigerina notohispida (Finlay).
1939. Hopkinsina notohispida Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(1): 105, PI. 12 figs. 10, 11.
1947. Uvigerina notohispida; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc, N.Z. 76(3): 341
1961. Euuvigerina notohispida; Vella, Micropaleontology 7(4): 472, PI. 2, figs. 16, 18.
Remarks: The spined ornament of this species was described by Finlay (1939: 105) as “mostly low, rounded knobs”. Vella (1961) suggested that spines were reduced in height by secondary deposits of shell on top of and between them.
Well preserved adult and juvenile specimens found in several samples show that the true ornament is one of strong sharp spines. This can be seen on other specimens by breaking open the final chamber and examining the face of the penultimate chamber. Several specimens with chambers more inflated than usual show these complete spines in the protected area near the sutures and on the apertural face. Elsewhere on the test they have been reduced to the low rounded knobs, especially on the broadest parts of the test. This suggests that the ornament has been reduced by abrasion, but associated shells of other species show no evidence of this.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section E. notohispida ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Tongaporutu Formation. Elsewhere it occurs only as rare specimens in three of the upper samples from the Tamumu Section and in two samples from the middle of the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Lillburnian to Tongaporutuan, rare in Kapitean (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Genus Norcottia Vella, 1961
Type Species: Hopkinsina mioindex Finlay.
Norcottia mioindex (Finlay).
1947. Hopkinsina mioindex Finlay; N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. 828 (5): 282-283, PI. 5, figs. 80-82.
1961. Norcottia mioindex; Vella, Micropaleontology 7(4); 480, PI. 2, fig. 14.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section N. mioindex ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. Elsewhere it was found only as rare specimens in one sample from the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Lillburnian to Kapitean (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Genus Trifarina Cushman, 1923
Type Species: Trifarina bradyi Cushman
Trifarina bradyi Cushman.
1923. Trifarina bradyi Gushman; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 104: 99, PI. 22, figs. 3-9
1961. Trifarina bradyi; Hornibrook, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 70(1): 107.
Distribution: This long-ranging species occurs in most samples from the Hurupi Formation in the Palliser Section. It has been found only as rare specimens in a few samples from the other sections, with the exception of the Tahora and Foulwind Sections, where it was not found.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Bortonian (Middle Eocene) to Recent.
Genus Bolivina d’Orbigny, 1839
Type Species; Bolivina plicata d’Orbigny
Bolivina affiliata Finlay, PI. 8, fig. 126.
1939. Bolivina affiliata Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(3): 320,
1959. Bolivina affiliata; in Fleming; Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanic (4) : 76, Horni brook; 267, Fleming.
1962. Bolivina affiliata, Vella., Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 1(12): 192.
Dimensions; Hypotype; length 0.36 mm, breadth 0.17 mm.
Distribution: Bolivina affiliata ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section. It is present in the uppermost sample of the Hurupi Formation and in every sample from the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section, in all samples from the Tamumu Section, and in many samples from the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Clifdenian to Nukumaruan (Lower Miocene to Pleistocene).
Recorded Ecologic Range; Haeuslerella to Robulus Biofacies, 200 to 2,000 ft (Vella, 1962).
Bolivina albatrossi Cushman, PI. 8, fig. 127
1922. Bolivina albatrossi Cushman; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 104(3): 31, PI. 6, fig. 4.
1959. Bolivina albatrossi; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanie (4): 404.
1962. Bolivina albatrossi; Vella. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 1(12): 192.
Remarks: Hornibrook {in Fleming, 1959) states that this species makes its first appearance in the Tongaporutuan stage, but in the Taranaki Coastal Section it occurs before the first apearance of Bolivinita quadrilatera, and unpublished Geological Survey records give its first appearance as Waiauan.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.48 mm, breadth o.lßmm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. albatrossi ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation. It is rare in the upper part of the Hurupi Formation in the Palliser Section but is common in the lower part of the overlying massive mudstone. Elsewhere it was found only in the upper parts of the Tamumu and Tahora Sections and in samples from the lower part of the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Waiauan to Nukumaruan (Middle Miocene to Pleistocene).
Recorded Ecologic Range: Haeuslerella? to Robulus Biofacies, 200? to 2,000 ft (Vella, 1962).
Bolivina barnwelli Finlay, PI. 8, figs. 128-9, 132, 133, 138
1947. Bolivina barnwelli Finlay; N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. B28(5): 280, PI. 5, figs. 73, 75.
1947. Bolivina lutosa Finlay; N.Z. J. Sci. Tech. B28(5): 280, PI. 5, figs. 76-79.
1959. Bolivina barnwelli; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanie (4): 404, 405.
Remarks: Hornibrook {in Fleming, 1959) mentioned the difficulty of consistently distinguishing B. barnwelli from the ancestral B. lutosa Finlay. The character on which Finlay distinguished the two species was the inflation of the test; the gently rounded median line and roundly angled periphery in B. lutosa, contrasts with the bluntly-angled median line, acutely-angled periphery, and depressed sutures of B. barnwelli. These differences are found to be very slight. Samples from the base of the Tongaporutuan to the Upper Tongaporutuan contain both forms, although in any one sample one form may predominate. The two forms are not simply megalospheric and microspheric, as suggested by Finlay’s generalisation on the proloculum size {lutosa small, barnwelli large), for some specimens with a small proloculum (and more numerous chambers) have the
strongly incised sutures and subacute edges of the extreme barnwelli form. The two forms are here considered to be variants of the same species, for which the name barnwelli has page priority.
Dimensions: Hypotype (fig. 128); length 0.43 mm, breadth 0.21 mm; hypotype (fig. 132); length 0.46 mm, breadth 0.21 mm; hypotype (figs. 129, 133, 138); length 0.44 mm, breadth o.lßmm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. barnwelli ranges from Unit 7 at the base of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section good specimens have been found in one sample from the massive mudstone just above the top of the Hurupi Formation. It has been found in one sample from near the middle of the Tamumu and Tiniroto Sections, and in three samples from the Elsthorpe Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Previously B. barnwelli was considered to be restricted to the Upper Tongaporutuan, while “B. lutosa ” was considered to range from Lillburnian to Middle Tongaporutuan.
Bolivina lapsus Finlay, PI. 8, fig. 130.
1939. Bolivina lapsus Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(1): 98, PI. 11, fig. 9.
1961. Bolivina lapsus; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 73, PI. 10, fig. 184.
Remarks: Specimens are rarely as large as the types, but are identical in form.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.48 mm, breadth 0.19 mm.
Distribution; In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. lapsus ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation, being more common towards the top of the section. At Palliser it is rare in the upper part of the Hurupi Formation and abundant in most of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It occurs throughout the Tahora Section, is restricted to the central part of the Tiniroto Section, and is present in some samples from the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Whaingaroan to Tongaporutuan (Lower Oligocene to Upper Miocene).
Bolivina mitcheli n.sp., PI. 8, figs. 136, 137, 139.
Description; Test elongate, biserial, straight, compressed, often with slight twist, length 3—4 times breadth, expanding moderately and sometimes irregularly from a subacute initial end; periphery acute, serrated. Chambers 8-10 on either side, 2i times as wide as high, declined at 50°-60° from the horizontal with elongated posterior corners projecting backwards as spines lying parallel to the axis of the test. Sutures flush but distinct, sinuous, near the periphery curving backwards strongly. Wall thin, finely perforate. Aperture oval, narrowing towards base.
Dimensions: Holotype; length 0.48 mm, breadth 0.14 mm, thickness o.oßmm.
Variability: There is some variation in the expansion of the chambers, which in extreme forms increases suddenly to give a spade-shaped test. Forms that expand rapidly have projecting flattened spines at the periphery, but those expanding regularly are weakly serrated where the elongate corner of each chamber overlaps on to the preceding chamber on that side of the test.
Types: Holotype (F 134) and 10 paratypes (Fpl34).
Type Locality: N100f546, foot of sea cliffs west of Mount Tiger, 1£ miles south of Mohakatino River, N.IOO (Ist Edit. 1933) grid ref. 148294.
Type Level: Unit 2 of the Mohakatino Formation, Waiauan?, just below the base of the Tongaporutuan Stage (Middle Miocene).
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. mitcheli ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation, but is abundant in few of these samples. Elsewhere it has been found in one sample from the upper part of the Tamumu Section and in one sample from the upper part of the Tiniroto Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan? to Kapitean (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Bolivina numerosa Vella, PI. 8, fig. 131.
1957. Bolivina numerosa Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 33, PI. 8, figs. 160, 161.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.45 mm, breadth 0.16 mm.
Distribution: Bolivina numerosa occurs in occasional samples throughout the Taranaki Coastal Section, ranging from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation, and is present in the uppermost Urenui Formation sampled at Tarata. The species is common in most samples from the Hurupi Formation but was found in only one sample in the overlying massive mudstone in the Palliser Section. It is present in occasional samples from the Tamumu, Elsthorpe, and Tiniroto Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan (Middle Miocene) to Recent.
Bolivina petiae n.sp., PI. 9, figs. 140-142.
1961. Bolivina aff. parri; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 73-4 PI. 9, fig. 175.
1962. Bolivina aff. parri; Kennett, N.Z. J 1 Geol. Geophys. 5(4): 624, Table 2.
Description: Test biserial, small, compact, moderately compressed, 2-2 i times as long as wide, outline lobulate, periphery rounded, microspheric form tapered, megalospheric rapidly expanding initially then parallel sided. Chambers 5-6 on either side, li—2 times as wide as high throughout. Sutures in incised U-shaped groove, straight, at low angle from the horizontal, in median line forming a marked groove. Wall coarsely ornamented by pits and the intervening surface roughened by tubercles. Aperture bordered on either side by smooth raised lip which extends on to preceding chamber.
Dimensions: Holotype; length 0.26 mm, breadth 0.15 mm, thickness o.llmm.
Variability: There is considerable variation in the strength of the ornament. Coarse pits are common to all forms but the tubercles are not always developed. The separation of the chambers may be less marked as in the megalospheric form figured, but the sutures are always incised near the median line.
Types: Holotype (F 137) and 10 paratypes (Fpl37).
Type Locality: N165f690, at foot of sea cliffs. Palliser Bay, Sheet 165 (Ist Edit. 1953), grid ref. 741045.
Type Level: Lower part of Hurupi Formation below definite Lower Tongaporutuan, Lower Tongaporutuan? (Upper Miocene).
Remarks : This species has previously been called to B. aff. parri by Hornibrook and others. It differs from B. parri and the associated form in the Castlecliffian (Hornibrook, 1961; 73) in having fewer chambers (7 on either side in parri) and in being compact, shorter, less tapered and more coarsely ornamented. The apertural lip is rarely continuous on the preceding chamber and is never developed to give the Loxostomum- like aperture of B. parri.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. petiae ranges from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation, but occurs in few samples and is never abundant. In the Palliser Section it is common or abundant in most samples from the Hurupi Formation, but is rare in the overlying
Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It occurs in the lower samples of the Foulwind and Tamumu Sections, one sample from Elsthorpe, and one sample from the top of the Tiniroto Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Opoitian; recorded by Hornibrook from the Hutchinsonian (Lower Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Bolivina cf. plicata d’Orbigny, PI. 8, figs. 134, 135.
1839. Bolivina plicata d’Orbigny; Voy. Amer. merid. 5: 62, PI. 8, figs. 4—7
1937. Bolivina plicata; Cushman, Spec. Publ. Cushman Lab. 9; 123, PI. 15, figs. 6-8.
Remarks: Rare specimens were found with raised ridges developed from chamber lobes. These are closest to the Recent species B. plicata d’Orbigny figured by Cushman.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.36 mm, breadth 0.17 mm.
Distribution: The only examples from the Taranaki Coastal Section were poorly preserved specimens in one sample from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation and one from Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. The species is present in three samples from the lowest 150 ft of the Hurupi Formation in the Palliser Section but elsewhere was found only as rare specimens in one sample from near the top of the Tiniroto Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan? to possibly Kapitean (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Bolivina semitruncata Hornibrook, PI. 9, fig. 148
1961. Bolivina semitruncata Hornibrook; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 74, PI. 10, figs. 180, 181.
Remarks: Small flat specimens with rectangular cross-section, and a keel on each corner; have weak longitudinal costae on early chambers. They are identical with less mature paratypes of B. semitruncata. Many specimens are shorter and broader than the figured specimen.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.35 mm, breadth 0.15 mm.
Distribution; Found in two samples from the Tamumu Section; the massive siltstone below the Waiauan limestone, and the fine sandstone just above this limestone. In the lower sample it occurs with the less compressed, non-costate descendant (Hornibrook 1961: 74) Loxostomum truncatum. Both forms were found in one sample from the Elsthorpe Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Landon to Southland Series (Lower Oligocene to Middle Miocene).
Bolivina subspinescens Cushman, PI. 9, fig. 143.
1922. Bolivina subspinescens Cushman; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 104(3): 48, PI. 7, fig. 5.
1937. Bolivina subspinescens; Cushman, Spec. Publ. Cushman Lab. 9: 157-58, PI. 19, figs. 1-3.
1960. Bolivina subspinescens; Barker, Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. and Min. 9; 108, PI. 51, figs. 24, 25.
Remarks: This Recent species is distinguished by the smooth upper half and roughened lower half of each chamber and the undercutting of chambers at the periphery. The Upper Miocene specimens are identical.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. subspinescens ranges from Unit 6 to Unit 2 in the Urenui Formation. It occurs in the uppermost sample
from the Hurupi Formation, and in two samples from the base and middle part of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section. No specimens were found in other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Bolivina watti n.sp., PI. 9, figs. 144, 145.
Description: Test elongate, straight or gently curved, gradually and regularly expanding from subacute initial end, length four times breadth, moderately compressed, sides straight not indented, edges rounded. Biserial, chambers 12-15 on each side, about twice as wide as high. Early chambers declined at 30°, later chambers declined more steeply at 40°-50° from the horizontal. Sutures flush, not thickened, straight or very slightly curved downwards. Wall thin, with fine close perforations, but these often weak or absent on the upper part of each chamber, leaving this upper part clear and glassy. Aperture, small oval and narrowing towards previous chamber, without definite lip.
Dimensions: Holotype; length 0.51 mm, breadth 0.14 mm.
Variability: A few specimens are evenly perforated but on most the clear area at the top of each chamber is up to /s of the chamber height. There is slight variation in breadth, but all are markedly elongate forms.
Types: Holotype (F 135) and 10 paratypes (Fpl3s).
Type Locality: N165f702, at foot of sea cliffs, Palliser Bay. Sheet N 165 (Ist Edit. 1953), grid ref. 734051.
Type Level; In the unnamed massive mudstone overlying the Hurupi Formation and underlying the Onoke Formation, Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Remarks; Distinguished by its elongate form, numerous low chambers and the steepening of the angle of later sutures. Differs from B. acerosa Cushman in its lower chambers, distinct change in sutural angle, and in lacking the fine longitudinal costae on the early part of the test.
Distribution: In Palliser Bay B. watti occurs rarely in the upper part of the Hurupi Formation and is common in the overlying massive mudstone. In the Taranaki Coastal Section it ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation, It occurs in the highest sample of the Urenui Formation at Tarata, in several samples in the Tahora Section, in the upper part of the Tiniroto Section, and rarely in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Kapitean (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Genus Loxostomum Ehrenberg, 1854
Type Species: Loxostomum subrostratum Ehrenberg
Loxostomum truncatum Finlay, PI. 9, figs. 149, 150.
1947. Loxostomum truncatum Finlay; N.Z. J 1 Sci. Tech. B28(5): 280, 282, PI. 6, figs. 91-96.
1947. Loxostomum truncatum; Finlay and Marwick, N.Z. J 1 Sci. Tech. 828{4) : 235.
1959. Loxostomum truncatum; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanic (4): 426, 428.
1961. Loxostomum truncatum; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull 34(1): 74.
Remarks: The first half of the test is quadrate with four keels, and the latter half has a flatly rounded periphery. Sutures are limbate and slightly sinuous.
This species was taken by Finlay and Marwick (1947: 235) as the primary index restricted to the Waiauan Stage, but its range is now known to extend from Lillburnian to Tongaporutuan.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.45 mm, breadth o.lßmm, thickness 0.09 mm.
Distribution: Loxostomum truncatum has not been found in the Taranaki Coastal Section or the sections at Foulwind and Tahora. In the Tamumu Section it is common in the lowest sample and rare in four higher samples, being accompanied by Bolivinita pohana in the three highest. Two samples from the lower part of the Tiniroto Section contain L. truncatum and common B. pohana. Rare specimens occur in one Elsthorpe sample with Bolivinita quadrilatera and Bolivina cf. semitruncata.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Middle Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Genus Rectobolivina Cushman, 1927
Type Species: Sagrina bifrons Brady
Only one species of this genus, R. parvula Finlay, is represented in the Taranaki Coastal Section. R. maoria Finlay (Upper Altonian to Waitotaran) is present in other sections, and R. striatula Cushman (Upper Tongaporutuan to Gastlecliffian) has been found in three samples from the Tiniroto Section. The species R. hangaroana which is supposed to be restricted to the Tongaporutuan Stage (Hornibrook, in Fleming, 1959: 405) has not been found. R. striatula is similar to R. hangaroana, but all specimens found showed the less numerous, higher striations and the moderately compressed initial part which are characteristics of R. striatula.
Rectobolivina parvula Finlay
1939. Rectobolivina parvula Finlay; Trans, roy, Soc. N.Z. 68(4): 515, PI. 68, fig. 5.
1959. Rectobolivina parvula Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanie (4): 404.
Distribution; Rare specimens of this small species are present in occasional samples between Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and Unit 7 of the Urenui Formation. Elsewhere it was found only as rare specimens in two Elsthorpe samples and in one sample from the Tamumu Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Genus Robertinoides Hoglund, 1947
Type Species: Bulimina normani Goess
Robertinoides cf. pukeuriensis (Hornibrook), PI. 9, figs. 146, 147
1961. Robertina pukeuriensis Hornibrook; N.Z, geol. Surv. paleont. Bull 34(1): 81, PI. 10, figs. 192, 193.
Remarks: The four specimens found are dextrally coiled with about 14 chambers, sutures flush, spiral suture moderately well incised. Walls are thin and glassy but do not show blotches. There are two elongate narrow slits on the apertural face; one slightly curved running longitudinally into the apertural face, the other curving along the suture at the base of the apertural face. On the reverse side of the test there is a small triangular supplementary aperture at the junction of sutures at the base of the final chamber. These three apertural slits
are characteristic of the genus Robertinoides Hoglund. They are found on the type specimens of Robertina pukeuriensis and are indicated in the illustrations of the holotype (Hornibrook, 1961, PI. 10, figs. 192, 193), and the species is therefore transferred to Robertinoides. The present specimens differ from R. pukeuriensis in the longitudinal trend of the slit in the apertural face, less depressed sutures, intercameral sutures coinciding at the spiral suture on the reverse side, and the absence of the blotchy pattern in the walls. They appear to be intermediate between R. pukeuriensis and the Recent species R. bradyi (Cushman and Parker).
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.32 mm, breadth 0.22 mm.
Distribution: Found in two samples from Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section, and in one sample from the middle of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Middle to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene) (R . pukeuriensis was recorded from Otaian to Altonian by Hornibrook, 1961).
Family HETEROHELICIDAE
Genus Bolivinita Cushman, 1927
Type Species: Textularia quadrilatera Schwager
Bolivinita quadrilatera (Schwager), PI. 10, figs. 155, 159, 160.
1866. Textularia quadrilatera Schwager; Novara-Exped., Geol. Theil, 2: 253, PI. 7, fig. 103.
1947. Bolivinita quadrilatera; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 76(3): 319.
1947. Bolivinita quadrilatera; Finlay, Trans, roy, Soc. N.Z. 76(3): 344-347.
1958. Bolivinita quadrilatera; Hornibrook, Micropaleontology, 4(1): 31—32, table 2.
1959. Bolivinita quadrilatera; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. Strat. int. 6 Oceanic (4): 404-407.
Remarks: This species is characterised by its quadrate cross-section and four moderate keels. Bolivinita quadrilatera and its supposed descendants have been taken as the primary microfossils for distinguishing and subdividing the Tongaporutuan Stage.
Dimensions; Hypotype; length 0.33 mm, breadth 0.15 mm, thickness 0.09 mm. Hypotype fig. 160; breadth 0.20 mm, thickness o.llmm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section B. quadrilatera first appears at the base of the Tongaporutu Formation (Unit 7). It ranges up to Unit 7 of the Urenui Formation but occurs in few samples, usually only as rare specimens. It was not found in the lower 500 ft of the Hurupi Formation at Palliser Bay, and although it occurs as high as 200 ft above the top of the Hurupi Formation in the massive mudstone it does not occur in all samples throughout this range. In the Foulwind Section it was not found in the lowest sample, but rare specimens occur in the second sample, less than 25ft above the basal conglomerate. It was found in only one other sample from near the middle of the section. It occurs in only one sample from the Tamumu Section, in the fine-grained sandstone about 40ft above the top of the limestone. One sample from the middle of the Elsthorpe Section contains rare specimens of B. quadrilatera. The only specimens seen in the Tahora Section are those in the second to lowest sample. In the Tiniroto Section rare specimens occur in one of the massive siltstone samples with Loxostomum truncatum and in one sample from the upper part of the section. B. pohana accompanies quadrilatera in both samples and also precedes it in this section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Lower Tongaporutuan to Kapitean or pos-
sibly middle Wanganui Series (Upper Miocene to Pliocene).
Bolivinita compressa Finlay, PI. 9, figs. 151, 152.
1939. Bolivinita compressa Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(3); 319, PI. 27, figs. 101, 102.
1958. Bolivinita compressa; Hornibrook, Micropaleontology 4(1): 29, table 2.
1959. Bolivinita compressa; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanic (4); 405.
Remarks: This species is characterised by a wide, extremely compressed shell with flanged keels at the two acute angles of the test, ratio of thickness to breadth about 1:2. The rounded oblique angles of the test run almost up the median line. This is the end member of a lineage which changes in cross-section from quadrate through rhomboid to compressed within the Tongaporutuan Age.
Dimensions; Hypotype; length 0.64 mm, breadth 0.34 mm, thickness 0.15 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section Bolivinita compressa occurs in three samples from the Urenui Formation. It occurs in several samples from the Palliser Section, but only the lowest sample is considered to be Tongaporutuan in age. It was found through the upper half of the Tiniroto Section but not in the remaining sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: First appearance marks the base of the Upper Tongaporutuan; ranges up to the top of the Opoitian (Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Bolivinita pohana Finlay, PI. 10, figs. 153, 157.
1939. Bolivinita pohana Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(3): 319, PI. 27, figs. 99, 100.
1940. Bolivinita pohana; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 70(1): 122
1959. Bolivinita pohana; Hornibrook, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanie (4): 405.
1963. Bolivinita pliobliqua Vella; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 2(1): 7-8, PI. 1, figs. 12, 13.
Remarks : Bolivinita pohana was described by Finlay as “ differing from B. quadrilatera Schwager in considerably greater compression and obliquity (com-pressed-rhomboid in section instead of squarish), blunter and unflanged keels, simple proloculum, presence of a few ridges at sutures on sides, and much smaller aperture, occupying half of the terminal face instead of nearly all
Type specimens from sample F 3137 have been examined at the N.Z. Geological Survey. The holotype has smooth concave sides, four “ keels ” or unflanged ribs at the angles of the test, and three fine longitudinal ribs continuous over the early sutures on the peripheral walls of the test. The narrow test is moderately oblique but is not as compressed as is suggested by Finlay’s description. The recently described species B. pliobliqua Vella falls within the range of variation of the type sample, is similar to the holotype of pohana, and is here considered to be synonymous.
Separation of the species B. quadrilatera, B. pohana, B. compressa (on which the subdivision of the Tongaporutuan Stage is based) has all the difficulties to be expected in a gradually changing lineage which is arbitrarily divided. Splitting of a lineage must be maintained at a level that gives useful and consistently recognisable units. In this lineage, where characters such as obliquity, compression, and width are to a certain extent interrelated, the present three-fold division is probably the most practical and satisfactory.
There are some differences in the average strength of the ornament from one locality to another, and in some Taranaki samples forms that are only moderately
oblique are found with only two keels. Apart from the distinctive form, B. pliozea with its strongly ribbed convex periphery and deeply concave sides, the distinction between members of the quadrilatera lineage is best made on the degree of obliquity of the test, as seen in apertural view, and an indication of it can be given by the ratio of the diagonals. B. quadrilatera, the quadrate form, has subequal diagonals, and at the other end of the lineage B. compressa has diagonals with a ratio of about 1 : 2. Intermediate forms are referred to B. pohana. The ratios of diagonals for the figured specimens are; B. quadrilatera, 1 : 1.2 and 1 : 1.1; B. pohana, 1 : 1.4; B. compressa, 1 : 2.2.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section rare specimens referable to B. pohana occur in one sample from Unit 7 and one sample from Unit 6 of the Tongaporutu Formation. These occurrences in only two isolated samples low in the section are considered not sufficient evidence for a Middle Tongaporutuan age. Instead, the base of the Middle Tongaporutuan is taken just below the uppermost sample of Unit 5 of the Tongaporutu Formation, where B. pohana first appears in abundance. B. pohana is common throughout Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation, and ranges up to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section B. pohana occurs in only two samples of the Hurupi Formation, from the middle and from near the top, but is common throughout the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It is present in two Elsthorpe samples and in the upper part of the Foulwind, Tamumu, and Tahora Sections. At Tiniroto it is common in the lower part of the section, appearing suddenly and occurring persistently for seven samples, then reappearing in the upper part of the section, occurring in the highest samples with diagnostic Opoitian Foraminifera.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Rare in Lower Tongaporutuan, common from Middle Tongaporutuan to Opoitian (Upper Miocene to Lower Pliocene). The recorded stratigraphic range is Middle Tongaporutuan to Nukumaruan (Upper Miocene to Lower Pleistocene).
Bolivinita sp. aff. pohana striate.
Remarks: In the Taranaki Coastal Section the first Bolivinita to appear is a small slightly oblique form with longitudinal ribs on both the peripheral walls and the sides of the test. These small forms appear to be intermediate between B. elegantissima and B. pohana. They range from the base of Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation, but occur in few samples above the top of Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation. Rare specimens of this form occur with B. pohana in two samples from near the top of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section, and with the lowest B. pohana in the Tamumu Section.
This form is probably a new species but more specimens are needed to determine its relationship to other species, especially B. pohana.
Genus Plectofrondigularia Liebus, 1903
Type Species; Plectofrondiculana concava Liebus
Plectofrondicularia pohana Finlay, PI. 10, fig. 156.
1939. Plectofrondicularia pohana Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 68(4): 516-17, PI. 68, figs. 3 a, b.
1961. Plectofrondicularia pohana; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 82.
1963. Plectofrondicularia pohana; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 2(1): 5.
Remarks : This species is extremely close to the Lower Miocene species P. parri but was separated by Finlay on account of its less convex sutures. A specimen typical of many found in the sections is figured and shows little difference in sutural angle to distinguish it from the holotype of P. parri as re-figured by Hornibrook (1961, PL 12, figs. 244, 245). In all samples examined there are some forms with one and some with two median costae on the sides. Occasional specimens have one costa on one side and two on the other. These costae show a considerable variation in their length and height, both on opposite faces of the same specimen and on different specimens, and are not here considered to be of specific value. Generally, however, the tests are less compressed than in P. parri, with the side keels set farther from the edges.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.85 mm, breadth o.lßmm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. pohana occurs persistently from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in all samples from the Tongapurutuan massive mudstone, but was not found in the underlying Hurupi Formation. It was found in several samples from the Tamumu, Elsthorpe, and Tiniroto Sections, but not in the Foulwind or Tahora Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Opoitian (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Family CASSIDULINIDAE
Genus Cassidulina d’Orbigny, 1826
Type Species: Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny
Cassidulina subglobosa Brady, PI. 10, fig. 163.
1881. Cassidulina subglobosa Brady; Quart. J. micro. Sci. (n.s.) 21: 60.
1961. Cassidulina subglobosa; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 85, PI. 10, fig. 198.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.26 mm, breadth 0.22 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. subglobosa ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. It occurs rarely in the Palliser Section from near the base of the Hurupi Formation up through the overlying massive mudstone, and in the Tamumu and Elsthorpe Sections. In one sample from the Tiniroto Section larger forms with irregularly wedge-shaped outline and flush sutures resemble C. cuneata Finlay, but do not show the diagnostic central square chamber on the face side. These have been listed under C. cf. cuneata Finlay.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Porangan (Middle Eocene) to Recent.
Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny
1826. Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny; Ann. Sci. nat. Ser. 1,7: 282, PI. 15, figs. 4—5.
1961. Cassidulina laevigata; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 85, PI. 10, fig. 199.
1962. Cassidulina laevigata; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 1(12): 192.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. laevigata is rare, ranging from Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation upwards. At Tarata it was found in the uppermost part of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in only two samples from near the base of the Hurupi Formation. It has not been found in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Runangan (Upper Eocene) to Recent.
Recorded Ecologic Range: Elphidium to Haeuslerella? Biofacies, 200 to 2,000? ft (Vella, 1962).
Cassidulina neocarinata Thalmann, PI. 10, fig. 161.
1922. Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny, var. carinata Cushman; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 104(3): 124, PI. 25, figs. 6-7. (Not Cassidulina laevigata d’Orbigny, var. carinata Silvestri 1896.)
1950. Cassidulina neocarinata Thalmann; Contr. Cushman Fnd. 1 (3-4): 44.
1961. Cassidulina neocarinata; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): PI. 10, fig. 200.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.28 mm, 0.25 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. neocarinata ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. It occurs at the top of the Urenui Formation in the Tarata sample. In the Palliser Section it ranges from near the bottom of the Hurupi Formation to the middle of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It was not found in the Tahora Section and was present in few samples from the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waitakian (Upper Oligocene) to Recent.
Genus Cassidulinoides Cushman, 1927
Type Species: Cassidulina parkeriana Brady
Cassidulinoides orientalis (Cushman), PI. 10, fig. 162
1884. Cassidulina bradyi Norman; Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9: PI. 54, fig. 10. (Not of Norman.)
1922. Cassidulina orientalis Cushman; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 104: 126.
1961. Cassidulinoides orientalis; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 86, PI. 10, fig. 201.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.38 mm, breadth 0.24 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. orientalis ranges from Unit 2 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it ranges through the upper three-quarters of the Hurupi Formation and most of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It is present in most of the Tongaporutuan strata at Gape Foulwind, occurs in some samples from the Elsthorpe and Tiniroto Sections, but has not been found in the Tamumu and Tahora Sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waitakian (Upper Oligocene) to Recent.
Cassidulinoides bradyi (Norman)
1881. Cassidulina bradyi Norman; Quart. J. micr. Sci. (n.s.) 21: 59.
1961. Cassidulinoides bradyi; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 87.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. bradyi ranges from Unit 6 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. It is present in only one sample from the Palliser Section and has not been found in any of the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Whaingaroan (Lower Oligocene) to Recent.
Genus Ehrenbergina Reuss, 1850
Type Species: Ehrenbergina serrata Reuss
Ehrenbergina willetti Finlay, PL 10, fig. 164.
1947. Ehrenbergina willetti Finlay and Marwick; N.Z. J 1 Sci. Tech. B28(4): 233. (nomen nudum).
1947. Ehrenbergina willetti Finlay, Ibid B28(5): 284, PI. 7, figs. 116, 117.
1961. Ehrenbergina willetti; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 88.
Remarks: Waiauan and Tongaporutuan specimens have a high ventral ridge and steep concave sides and appear to be identical with the type specimens. Hornibrook (1961: 87) notes that this species is doubtfully separable from E. marwicki. It differs from E. mestayeri Gushman, in lacking the sharp angle along each chamber to the spine.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.28 mm, breadth 0.28 mm.
Distribution: Found in one sample from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation. Poorly preserved specimens in two samples from the Tiniroto Section and one sample from near the top of the Foulwind Section are also referred to E. willetti.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range : Middle Otaian “to Middle Southland Series” (Upper Oligocene or Lower Miocene to Middle Miocene) Hornibrook (1961: 88); here extended to Upper Tongaporutuan.
Family ELLIPSOIDINIDAE
Genus Pleurostomella Reuss, 1860
Type Species; Pleurostomella subnodosa Reuss
Pleurostomella alternans Schwager
1866. Pleurostomella alternans Schwager; Novara Exped. Geol. Theil. 2(1): 238, PI. 6, figs. 79, 80.
1961. Pleurostomella alternans; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 88.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. alternans ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. It occurs throughout the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section, and is present in a few samples from the Tamumu, Elsthorpe, and Tiniroto Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan; recorded by Hornibrook (1961) from the Whaingaroan and Duntroonian (Oligocene to Upper Miocene at least).
Genus Ellipsoglandulina Silvestri, 1900
Type Species: Ellipsoglandulina laevigata Silvestri
Ellipsoglandulina subconica (Kreuzberg), PI. 10, fig. 165
1930. Nodosaria subconica; Kreuzberg, Neues Jb. Min. Geol. Palaont., Beil.-Bd. 648: 282, PI. 10, figs. 16 a, b.
1936. Ellipsoglandulina bensoni; Parr, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 65(2): 78, PI. 19, figs. 2 a, b.
Dimensions; Hypotype; length 1.16 mm, breadth 0.34 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section E. suhconica ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. Rare specimens occur in the uppermost Tongaporutuan sample in the Palliser Section and in one sample from the Tamumu Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan; the type is from Altonian strata in Raukumara Peninsula (Lower to Upper Miocene).
Family CHILOSTOMELLIDAE
Genus Chilostomella Reuss, 1850
Type Species: Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss
Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss, PI. 10, fig. 166.
1850. Chilostomella ovoidea Reuss; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-nat. Kl.l: 380, PI. 48, fig. 12.
1961. Chilostomella ovoidea; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 89, PI. 11, fig. 209.
Dimensions; Hypotype; length 0.48 mm, breadth 0.27 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section rare specimens of C. ovoidea range from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation. It occurs in the upper part of the Hurupi Formation and the lower 400 ft of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. Rare specimens were found in some Foulwind and Elsthorpe samples.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene). Recorded by Hornibrook from the Awamoan.
Genus Sphaeroidina d’Orbigny, 1826
Type Species: Sphaeroidina hulloides d’Orbigny
Sphaeroidina bulloides d’Orbigny, PI. 10, fig. 167
1826. Sphaeroidina hulloides d’Orbigny; Ann. Sci. nat. Ser. 1(7): 267, Modeles 65, 3me livr.
1961. Sphaeroidina bulloides; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 90, PI. 11, fig. 210.
Dimensions; Hypotype; diameter 0.39 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section Sphaeroidina bulloides ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is common in the upper half of the Hurupi Formation and throughout the overlying massive mudstone. It is quite common in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Runangan (Upper Eocene) to Recent.
Genus Pullenia Parker and Jones, 1862
Type Species: Nonionina bulloides d’Orbigny
Pullenia bulloides (d’Orbigny), PI. 10, figs, 168, 169
1846. Nonionina bulloides d’Orbigny; Foraminifferes fossiles du Bassin tertiaire de Vienne, Gide, Paris: 107, PI. 5, figs. 9-10.
1963. Pullenia bulloides; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 2(1): 12-13, PI. 1, figs. 7, 8.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.28 mm, 0.27 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. bulloides ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it ranges from the uppermost sample of the Hurupi Formation up through the overlying massive mudstone. It is present in some samples from all the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Haumurian (Maestrichtian) to Recent.
Recorded Egologic Range: Robulus Biofacies to Semipelagic Biofacies, about I,oooft to deeper than 4,000 ft (Vella, 1963: 13).
Pullenia quadriloba Reuss, PI. 10, figs. 170, 171
1867. Pullenia compressiuscula Reuss, var. quadriloba Reuss. Sitz. Aked. Wiss. Wien 55, PI. 3, fig. 8.
1943. Pullenia quadriloba; Cushman and Todd, Gontr. Cushman Lab. 19(1): 15 PI. 2, figs. 20, 21.
1963. Pullenia quadriloba; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 2(1): 12, PI. 1, figs. 9, 10.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.35 mm, 0.31 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. quadriloba ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section rare specimens occur near the top of the Hurupi Formation and in most samples from the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It has not been found in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Upper Tongaporutuan to Opoitian, here extended down to Waiauan (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Recorded Egologic Range: Robulus Biofacies? to Semipelagic Biofacies, 1,000 to c. 4,000 ft (Vella: 1963).
Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss), PI. 10, figs. 172, 173
1851. Nonionina quinqueloba Reuss; Z. dtsch. geol. Ges. 3: 71, PI. 5, fig. 31.
1961. Pullenia quinqueloba; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 90, PI. 11, figs. 207, 208.
1963. Pullenia quinqueloba; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 2(1): 12. Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.38 mm, 0.31 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. quinqueloba ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present in the upper half of the Hurupi Formation and throughout the overlying massive mudstone. Rare specimens were found in all the other sections excepting that at Tiniroto.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Teurian (Danian to Paleocene) to Recent.
Recorded Egologic Range: Haeuslerella Biofacies to Karreriella Biofacies (possibly Robulus Biofacies), c. 400 to c. I,oooft (Vella, 1963: 12).
Family NONIONIDAE Subfamily NONIONINAE Genus Paginonion Vella, 1962
Type Species: Astrononion novozealandicum Cushman and Edwards
Pacinonion neefi Vella, PI. 11, fig. 175,
1962. Pacinonion neefi Ve 11a; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 1(20): 291, PI. 1, figs. 6, 7.
Remarks: Some specimens of this small discoidal form have the umbilicus almost closed.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.27 mm, 0.21 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. neefi ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation, In the Palliser Section it is present in the lower 500 ft of the massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation. Rare specimens were found in several samples from the Tahora and Tiniroto Sections and in single samples from the Tamumu and Elsthorpe Sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Recorded by Vella (1962) as Kapitean to Opoitian (type level “ Upper Tongaporutuan or Kapitean ”); here extended down to Waiauan? (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Recorded Ecologic Range : Robulus Biofacies to Semipelagic Biofacies, inferred depth range 2,000 ± I,oooft to 4,000 ± 2,000 ft (Vella, 1962: 291).
Pacinonion parki (Hornibrook), PI. 11, fig. 176.
1961. Astrononion parki Hornibrook; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 95, PI. 12, figs. 230, 237.
1962. Pacinonion cf. parki Vella; Trans, roy, Soc. N.Z. Geol. 1(20): 290-291, PI. 1, figs. 8, 9.
Remarks: In many samples there is considerable variation in the clarity of the supplementary chambers, which are often covered by a thin layer of clear callous. The late Tertiary forms seem to be identical with Hornibrook’s species.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.40 mm, 0.34 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. parki occurs in a few samples from Unit 7 and Unit 5 of the Tongaporutu Formation, then reappears in Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation, ranging up to the top of Unit 1. It also occurs in the uppermost Urenui Formation, at Tarata. At Palliser it is present in almost every sample from the Hurupi Formation. In the Tamumu Section it occurs in the massive siltstone below the limestone, near the top of the limestone, and in the overlying medium sandstone. It occurs in one sandstone sample and one mudstone sample from the upper part of the Tongaporutuan beds at Gape Foulwind, and in one sandy siltstone sample near the middle of the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Runangan to Taranaki Series (Upper Eocene to Upper Miocene).
Recorded Ecologic Range: Elphidium Biofacies to Robulus Biofacies, c. 200 to 2,000 ± I,oooft (Vella, 1962: 291).
Subfamily NONIONELLINAE
Genus Nonionella Cushman, 1939
Type Species: Nonionella miocenica Cushman
Nonionella zenitens Finlay, PI. 11, figs. 179, 180.
1940. Nonionella zenitens Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4); 457, PI. 65, figs. 145, 152-156.
1961. Nonionella zenitens; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 93, PI. 12, figs. 225, 231.
1962. Nonionella zenitens; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 1(20): 295.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.43 mm breadth 0.26 mm.
Distribution: Present in only one sample from the Taranaki Coastal Section, from Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs as rare specimens from the middle of the Hurupi Formation up to the highest Tongaporutuan sample in the overlying massive mudstone. Rare specimens occur in one sample from Cape Foulwind and one from the Elsthorpe Section, but have not been found elsewhere.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waipawan to Waitotaran (Upper Paleocene to Upper Pliocene) (Vella, 1962).
Recorded Ecologic Range: Possibly Haeuslerella Biofacies, definitely in Karreriella Biofacies and Robulus Biofacies. Inferred depth range from less than 900 ft to 2,000 ± I,oooft (Vella, 1962: 295).
Nonionella magnalingua Finlay, PI. 11, figs. 181, 182.
1940. Nonionella magnalingua Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 456, PI. 65, figs. 144, 146.
1961. Nonionella magnalingua; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 94, PI. 12, figs. 226, 232-233.
1962. Nonionella magnalingua; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 1(20): 295.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.40 mm, breadth 0.27 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section N. magnalingua occurs in one sample from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and is quite common in Unit 6 and Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it has a similar range to that of N. zenitens, extending through the upper half of the Hurupi Formation and much of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It is present in the Tiniroto and Tahora Sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Duntroonian to Wanganui Series (Lower Oligocene to Pleistocene).
Recorded Ecologic Range: Similar to N. zenitens (Vella, 1962: 295), Haeuslerella Biofacies to Robulus Biofacies 200 ft to 2,000 ± I,oooft.
Genus Florilus Montfort, 1808
Type Species: Nautilus asterizans Fichtel and Moll.
Florilus flemingi (Vella), PI. 11, figs. 183, 184.
1957. Nonion flemingi Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28; 37, PI. 9, figs. 183, 184.
1962. Florilus flemingi; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 1(20): 293.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.40 mm, breadth 0.31 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section F. flemingi is found in occasional samples from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. It occurs in the sample from the top of the Urenui Formation at Tarata. In the Palliser Section it is present only in the Hurupi Formation, occurring in all but the lowest 100 ft. It has been found only rarely in the Foulwind and Tamumu Sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Tongaporutuan to Recent (Vella, 1962), but it occurs in one sample below the base of the Tongaporutuan in the Taranaki Coastal Section. Waiauan? (Middle Miocene) to Recent.
Recorded Ecologic Range: Zeaflorilus Biofacies to Karreriella Biofacies, inferred depth range 0 to c. I,oooft (Vella, 1962: 293).
Florilus deceptrix (Hornibrook), PI. 11, figs. 177, 178
1961. Nonion deceptrix Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 92, PI. 11, figs. 218, 219.
Remarks: Specimens referable to F. deceptrix show considerable variation in chamber height.
Dimensions: Hypotype; length 0.34 mm, breadth 0.24 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section F. deceptrix has been found in one sample from the top of the Tongaporutu Formation and in two samples from Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. Elsewhere it has been found in one sample from near the middle of the Humpi Formation in the Palliser Section, and in one sample from near the top of the Tongaporutuan at Cape Foulwind.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Whaingaroan to Waitotaran (Lower Oligocene to Pliocene).
Genus Zeaflorilus Vella, 1962
Type Species: Nonionella parri Cushman
Zeaflorilus parri (Cushman)
1936. Nonionella parri Cushman; Gontr. Cushman Lab. 12: 89, PI. 13, figs. 17 a-c 1962. Zeaflorilus parri; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 1(20): 294.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section Z. parri occurs in occasional samples ranging from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present in the calcareous grit, 40ft above the base of the Hurupi Formation, and in sandy siltstone about 100 ft higher in the Hurupi Formation. It has not been found in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Lillburnian (Middle Miocene) to Recent. Ecologic Range; Zeaflorilus Biofacies 0-20 ft (Vella, 1962: 294).
Superfamily ROTALIIDEA
Family DISCORBIIDAE
Genus Gyroidinoides Brotzen, 1942
Type Species: Rotalina nitida Reuss
Gyroidinoides neosoldanii (Brotzen), PI, 12, figs. 188, 192.
1865. ? Rotalia soldanii d’Orbigny; Stache, Novara Exped. Geol. Theil, 1(2): 273, PI. 24, fig. 23 (not fig. 24). (Not of d’Orbigny.)
1884. Rotalia soldanii d’Orbigny; Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9: 706, figs. 6, 7. (Not of d’Orbigny.)
1936. Gyroidina neosoldanii Brotzen; Sweden, Sverig. geol. Unders. Avh., ser. C, 396: 158.
1961. Gyroidinoides neosoldanii; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 112, PI. 16, figs. 338, 343.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.43 mm, 0.38 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. neosoldanii ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation, occurring in most of these samples. In the Palliser Section it is present throughout the massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation. It has not been found in the Foulwind Section, but occurs occasionally in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Porangan (Middle Eocene) to Recent.
Gyroidinoides zelandica (Finlay)
1939. Gyroidina zelandica Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(3): 323, PI. 28* figs. 138-140.
1961. Gyroidinoides zelandica; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 113, PI. 16, figs. 339, 344.
Remarks: Forms with flattened dorsal surface and 8 to 9 chambers per whorl, showing some variation in the size of the umbilicus and in the size of the inclined umbilical plates. As those with the largest umbilicus have a rim of sharp chamberends surrounding the umbilicus they all appear to be referable to G. zelandica rather than to G. stineari Finlay, which Finlay recorded as the common Taranakian species. On the dorsal side each chamber is slightly depressed at the inner comer, just in front of each backward-curving suture. In the Palliser Section large rounded forms with 11 chambers in the last whorl are very similar to the Oligocene species G. allani Finlay and are listed as G. cf. allani.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. zelandica is present in a few samples, ranging from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. At Tarata it is found in the uppermost Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present in the upper half of the Hurupi Formation and the lower and middle part of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It is present in most Foulwind samples, and occurs in occasional samples from the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Landon Series to Nukumaruan (Oligocene to Pleistocene) (Hornibrook, 1961: 113).
Genus Parvicarinina Finlay, 1940
Type Species: Truncatulina tenuimargo var. alto-camerata Heron-Alien and Earland
Parvicarinina altocamerata (Heron-Allen and Earland).
1884. Truncatulina tenuimargo Brady; Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9: 662, PI. 93, fig. 2 (not fig. 3).
1922. Truncatulina tenuimargo var. alto-camerata Heron-Alien and Earland; Brit. Antarct. (Terra Nova) Exped. Rep., Zool. 6(2): 209, PI. 7, figs. 24-27.
1940. Parvicarinina altocamerata; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 467, PI. 62, figs. 30-34.
1961. Parvicarinina altocamerata; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 118, PI. 14, figs. 269, 299, 301, 302, 305.
Distribution: This species has been found in two samples from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section, in two samples from the middle of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section, and in one sample from the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Kaiatan (Upper Eocene) to Recent (Hornibrook. 1961).
Genus Laticarinina Galloway and Wissler, 1927
Type Species: Pulvinulina repanda var. menardii subvar. pauperata Parker and Jones
Laticarinina halophora (Stache), PI. 12, fig. 196.
1865. Cristellaria ( Robulina ) halophora Stache; Novara Exped. Geol. Theil, 1(2): 248, PI. 23, fig. 28.
1865. Cristellaria ( Robulina) corona-lunae Stache; Ibid. 250, PI. 23, fig. 29.
1940. Laticarinina halophora; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 468, PI. 62, figs. 27-29.
1961. Laticarinina halophora; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 119, PI. 14, figs. 300, 303-4.
Dimensions; Hypotype; diameters 1.21 mm, 1.06 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section L. halophora ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in almost all samples from the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. Rare specimens are present in occasional samples from all the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Bortonian (Middle Eocene) to Recent.
Genus Cancris Montfort, 1808
Type Species: Nautilus auriculas var. Fichtel & Moll.
Cancris cf. laevinflatus Hornibrook, PI. 12, figs. 195, 198.
1961. Cancris laevinflatus Hornibrook; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 120, PI. 15, figs. 328, 331-2.
Remarks: Apart from lacking the transparent area on the ventral face above the aperture these specimens are identical with the species described by Hornibrook.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.33 mm, 0.26 mm.
Distribution : In the Taranaki Coastal Section this form has been found only in two samples from the top of Unit 6 of the Tongaporutu Formation. It occurs in three samples from the upper part of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section but has not been found in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Whaingaroan to Waiauan; found in Middle and Upper Tongaporutuan (Lower Oligocene to Upper Miocene).
Family EPISTOMINIDAE
Genus Hoglundina Brotzen, 1948
Type Species: Rotalia elegans d’Orbigny
Hoglundina elegans (d’Orbigny), PI. 12, fig. 194,
1826. Rotalia ( Turbinuline) elegans d’Orbigny; Ann. Sci. nat. Ser. 1,7: 276.
1961. Epistomina elegans; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 122, PI. 17, fig. 367.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.69 mm, o.6mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section H. elegans ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in the two uppermost samples of the Hurupi Formation and is
common in most samples from the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. Rare specimens have been found in some samples from each of the other sections. Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Bortonian (Middle Eocene) to Recent.
Genus Pseudoeponides Uchio, 1950
Type Species: Pseudoeponides japonicus Uchio
This genus is characterised by its finely perforate wall, low aperture opening between periphery and umbilical area, and supplementary apertures along both dorsal and ventral sutures. Uchio (1951, Pal. Soc. Japan, Trans. Proc. n.s. 2: 38) placed this genus in the Family Rotaliidea and considered that the type species may have been derived from Epistomina. Following the subdivision of the Family Rotaliidae this genus is placed in Family Epistominidae.
Pseudoeponides tenera (Brady), PI. 13, figs. 199-201.
1884. Truncatulina tenera Brady; Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9: PL 95, figs. 11, a-c.
1960. Eponides ? tenera; Barker, Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. and Min. 9: 196, PI. 95, figs. 11, a-c.
Remarks: Biconvex tests with low spire and 5-6 chambers in the final whorl closely resemble that figured by Brady. On the ventral side the end of a narrow curved extension of the final chamber opens as a slit-like supplementary aperture in the umbilical position. At the posterior edge of the last 1 or 2 sutures on the ventral side short, very narrow slits occur at Ys and 2 /s of the radius of the test. In well preserved specimens these are seen to open into the succeeding chamber by narrow tunnel-like structures beneath the surface. The ventral side of the test is covered by a thin layer of clear callus, and sutural supplementary apertures are usually closed on all but the last one or two sutures.
On the dorsal side short, narrow slit-like apertures occur along the spiral suture at the posterior corner of each chamber. The corner of the chamber is often slightly drawn out to form a lip. These dorsal supplementary apertures often remain open on the last six or seven chambers. All supplementary apertures described above have been proved to open into the interior of the shell by applying ink, which was drawn in by capillarity.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.32 mm, 0.28 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. tenera ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation. Rare specimens occur throughout the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section, and in some samples from all the other sections excepting that at Tahora.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Pseudoeponides prominula (Stache), PI. 13, figs. 202, 203
1865. Rotalia soldani d’Orbigny var. prominula; Stache, Novara Exped. Geol Theil 1(2): 274, PI. 24, fig. 24.
1961. Gyroidina prominula; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 1, PI. 16, figs. 348-349.
Remarks: Test small and rounded, with five chambers in the last whorl, apparently identical with the Lower Oligocene types (Hornibrook, 1961; 111). There are supplementary apertures on both the dorsal and the ventral sides. On the dorsal side the posterior corners of the chambers are drawn out and extend back a short way along the depression of the spiral suture. At the end of each
extension there is a very small aperture at right angles to the spiral suture. These apertures are often closed by the thin layer of callus on the early part of the spire but remain open on the last 3 or 4 chambers. On the ventral side the final chamber has a small slit in the umbilical region. This is quite distinct on those specimens that develop a small lip over it, but it was not seen on all specimens. Minute slits similar to those on P. tenera occur at several places along the posterior edge of the sutures of the later chambers. These are the openings of small canals that open into the following chamber. The canals can be seen crossing earlier sutures even when the slit-like openings are closed by thin clear callus. Few specimens have as many openings as the illustrated specimen, but one canal structure occurs consistently at the periphery and another midway along the ventral sutures.
Besides the close similarity of the supplementary apertures this specimen resembles P. tenera in its thin glassy wall and low-lipped primary aperture.
This species has the rounded plano-convex outline of Gyroidina but the apertural characters are here considered to be more significant and are those of Pseudoeponides.
Dimensions- Hypotype; diameters o.lßmm, 0.17 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section P. prominula ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation, being more common in the upper part of this range. It is present in the uppermost Urenui Formation at Tarata. Many samples from the upper half of the Hurupi Formation and the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone contain P. prominula. It occurs in a few samples from the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Bortonian to Nukumaruan (Middle Eocene to Pleistocene).
Genus Osangularia Brotzen, 1940
Type Species: Osangularia lens Brotzen
Osangularia bengalensis (Schwager), PI. 12, fig. 197
1866. Anomalina bengalensis Schwager; Novara Exped., Geol. Theil 2(2): 259, PI. 7, fig. 111.
1939. Parrella bengalensis; Finlay, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 68(4): 523. (Not of Ginsburg, 1928.)
1960. Osangularia bengalensis; Barker, Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. and Min 9: 198, PI. 96, figs. 3, a-c.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.58 mm, 0.55 mm
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section O. bengalensis ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in most samples from the massive Tongaporutuan mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation. Elsewhere it has been found only as rare specimens in some of the Tiniroto samples and in one sample from the Tamumu Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Genus Alabamina Toulmin, 1941
Type Species; Alabamina wilcoxensis Toulmin
Alabamina tenuimarginata (Chapman, Parr and Collins).
1934. Pulvinulinella tenuimarginata Chapman, Parr, and Collins; J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 38(262): 565, PI. 9, fig. 19.
1961. Alamabina tenuimarginata; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 123, figs. 365-366.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section A. tenuimarginata ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 7 of the Urenui Formation. It is present in the uppermost Urenui Formation at Tarata. In the six other sections A. tenuimarginata has been found only as rare specimens in one sample from the Elsthorpe Section and one from the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Mangaorapan to Opoitian (Lower Eocene to Lower Pliocene).
Family ELPHIDIIDAE
Subfamily ELPHIDIINAE
Genus Elphidium Montfort, 1808
Type Species: Nautilus macellus Fichtel and Moll
Elphidium charlottensis (Vella).
1957. Elphidiononion charlottensis Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28; 38, PI. 9, figs. 187, 188.
1961. Elphidium charlottensis; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geology 1(12): 192, list.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section E. charlottensis ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. At Tarata it is present in the top of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is not present in the two lowest samples but occurs throughout the rest of the Hurupi Formation. Rare specimens occur in a few samples in the Elsthorpe, Tiniroto, and Tamumu Sections, in the latter occurring with Loxostomum truncatum near the top of the Waiauan limestone.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Waiauan (Middle Miocene) to Recent.
Recorded Ecologic Range: Zeaflorilus Biofacies to Elphidium Biofacies, rare in Haeuslerella Biofacies, 0-200, rare to I,oooft (Vella, 1962).
Elphidium aff. novozealandicum Cushman.
1936. Elphidium novo-zealandicum Cushman; Contr. Cushman Lab. 12: 85, PI. 15, figs. 4a, b.
1939. Elphidium novo-zealandicum; Cushman, U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 191: 63, PI. 17, fig. 18.
1959. Elphidium novozealandicum; Fleming, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int., 6 Oceanie (4): 281.
Remarks: In two samples from the Taranaki Coastal Section single broken specimens occur with 19 chambers in the final whorl, curved sutures with connecting ornament of 11 ribs (retral processes), and strong, irregular, net-like pattern of ribs protruding slightly in the umbilical region. These resemble E. novozealandicum (Opoitian to Recent) but differ in having fewer chambers and ribs and in having protruding rather than depressed umbilical area.
Subfamily NOTOROTALIINAE
Genus Notorotalia Finlay, 1939
Type Species: Notorotalia zelandica Finlay
Notorotalia cf. depressa Vella.
1957. Notorotalia cf. depressa, Vella, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 47, 56, tables, PI. 1, figs. 11, 12, 18.
Remarks: In three samples from the Taranaki Coastal Section small samples of N. hurupiensis are accompanied by a few specimens with dorsal transverse sutures only slightly curved and set very obliquely. These are similar to the forms in the Hurupi Formation at Palliser Bay, having the spiral ribs continuous between the sutures as figured by Vella (1957). They have not been found in any of the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Tongaporutuan to Kapitean, possibly Opoitian (Vella, 1957).
Notorotalia hurupiensis Vella, PI. 13, figs. 206, 212, 213.
1957. Notorotalia hurupiensis Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28; 49, 56, table 7, PI. 1, fig. 15.
1959. Notorotalia hurupiensis; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanie (4): 404.
1962. Notorotalia hurupiensis; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geology 1(12): 193, table.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.53 mm, 0.48 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section N. hurupiensis is present in a few samples ranging from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is the predominant Notorotalia in the upper 450 ft of the Hurupi Formation, being abundant in many of the samples. Two samples from the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone contain rare specimens. Rare specimens are present in several samples from the Foul wind Section, in the basal sample of the Tahora Section, and in the highest sample of the Tiniroto Section (Opoitian).
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Opoitian (Middle Miocene to Pliocene) (Vella, 1962).
Recorded Ecologic Range; Elphidium to Haeuslerella Biofacies, 20-I,oooft (Vella, 1962).
Notorotalia taranakia Vella, PI. 13, figs. 204, 207, 208.
1957. Notorotalia taranakia Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 48, 56, Table 7, PI. 1, figs. 1-3.
1962. Notorotalia taranakia; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geology 1(12): 193, table.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.54 mm, 0.51 mm
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section N. taranakia ranges from Unit 7, the base of the Tongaporutu Formation, to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation, being present in a few of the lower samples but persistent above Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs sporadically in the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone which overlies the Hurupi Formation. It is present in some samples from each of the remaining sections. In the Tamumu Section it is rare in sample Nl4lf/411, from near the top of the coquina limestone,
and abundant in the moderately fine sandstone just above, and these both appear to be anomalous facies for the inferred depth range given by Vella.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Tongaporutuan to Lower Waitotaran (Middle Miocene to Pliocene), here extended down to Waiauan.
Recorded Ecologig Range; Robulus to Eupelagic Biofacies, 1,000-4,000 ft plus (Vella, 1962).
Family GLOBIGERINIDAE
Genus Globigerina d’Orbigny, 1826
Type Species: Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny
Globigerina bradyi Wiesner.
1884. Globigerina sp. Brady; Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9: 603, PI. 82, figs. 8, 9.
1931. Globigerina bradyi Wiesner; in Drygalski, Deutsche Sudpolar-Exped. 19011903, 20 (Zool. 12): 133.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. bradyi occurs as rare specimens in a few samples ranging from Unit 7 at the base of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 4 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present as rare specimens in the uppermost sample of the Hurupi Formation and in a sample 160 ft higher, in the massive mudstone. Elsewhere it was found only as rare specimens in one Elsthorpe and one Tiniroto sample.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan
Globigerina aff. bradyi Wiesner, PI. 14, fig. 215.
Remarks: This form is loosely referred to G. aff. bradyi on account of its high spire, but it is markedly different, being larger, thick-walled, and coarsely pitted. It has a strong apertural lip, and differs from other high spired forms such as G. turritilina Blow and Banner and G. helicina d’Orbigny in its very compact chamber arrangement.
Dimensions: Specimen; length of spire 0.19 mm, diameters 0.19 mm, 0.16 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section this species is rare, but it ranges from Unit 7 to Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation. It occurs in only one sample from the Palliser Section and was not found in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny, PL 14, fig. 214.
1826. Globigerina bulloides d’Orbigny; Ann. Sci. nat. 1(7): 277.
1959. Globigerina bulloides; Blow, Bull. amer. Paleont., 39(178): 175, PI. 9, figs. 38 a-c.
1960. Globigerina bulloides; Bermudez, Memoria del 111 Congreso geologica venezolano—Tomo 111 Boletin de Geologia—Spec. Publ. 3 Separate 1961: 1161-64, PI. 1, figs. 7 a-c.
Remarks: Specimens with subcircular (not elongate) outline and a symmetric aperture are referred to G. bulloides, although they usually have a smooth apertural rim.
Dimensions; Hypotype; diameters 0.45 mm, 0.40 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. bulloides occurs in a few samples ranging from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. Rare specimens are found in occasional samples throughout the Palliser Section, in the uppermost sample from the Foulwind Section, and the two lowest samples from Tiniroto.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan. Ranges given previously for this species in New Zealand are for G. bulloides s.l. which has included the species G. praebulloides.
Globigerina foliata Belli, PI. 14, fig. 216.
1957. Globigerina foliata; Bolli; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 215: 111, PI. 24, figs. 1, a—c.
Dimensions; Hypotype; diameters 0.23 mm, o.lßmra.
Distribution; This species, with strongly separated spherical chambers and a low arched aperture with lip, was found in few samples. In the Taranaki Coastal Section it ranges from Unit 6 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it was found in two samples from the lower part of the Hurupi Formation. It was not found in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Globigerina parabulloides Blow, PI. 14, fig. 218
1959. Globigerina parabulloides Blow; Bull. amer. Paleont. 39(178): PI. 10, fig. 46
1962. Globigerina parabulloides; Blow and Banner, in Fundamentals of Mid-Tertiary Stratigraphical Correlation, Univ. Press, Cambridge, 1962, pp. 137, table, 138.
Remarks: Small, elongate, with close “ spinose ” ornament (similar to the two preceding species) and short low aperture with a conspicuous thin lip.
Dimensions; Hypotype; diameters 0.23 mm, 0.19 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. parabulloides ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. At Tarata it is present in the uppermost Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it ranges throughout the Hurupi Formation and the lower part of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It has not been found in any of the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Lower to Upper Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Globigerina quinqueloba Natland, PI. 14, figs, 220, 223, 224.
1938. Globigerina quinqueloba Natland; Scripps Inst. Oceanography. Bull. tech. Ser. 4(5): 149, PI. 6, fig. 7.
1962. Globigerina quinqueloba; Parker, Micropaleontology, 8(2): 225-226, PI. 2, figs. 7-16.
Remarks: Small, flattened, with about 16 chambers, 5 forming the final whorl. Most specimens have an elongate final chamber with the inner edge extending as a prominent lip above the umbilical aperture. Some specimens have more incised sutures and a spherical final chamber with a lipped aperture opening into the umbilicus (PI. 14, fig. 224). These are similar to G. angustiumbilicata Bolli, but differ in having 16 chambers instead of about 12, and as they intergrade with the typical G. quinqueloba they are recorded as the latter species.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.21 mm, o.lßmm.
Distribution; In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. quinqueloha ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section rare specimens occur in the Hurupi Formation and in several samples of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. Elsewhere it has been found only as rare specimens in one of the Elsthorpe samples.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan? to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Globigerina woodi Jenkins, PI. 15, figs. 227-229
1960. Globigerina woodi Jenkins; Micropaleontology, 6(4): 352, PI. 2, figs. 2, a-c.
1961. Globigerina apertura; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): PI. 21, figs. 432, 433, 435.
Remarks: Distinguished from G. apertura Cushman by its smaller aperture relative to the final chamber. The aperture extends up to half-way across the final chamber in the majority of adult specimens seen, while in juvenile forms and dissected specimens it is much lower and is in an asymmetric, extraumbilical position. Some specimens have the aperture partly covered by a supplementary chamber ornamented with the coarse pits typical of the species. Single specimens in one sample from Unit 7 and one from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation have the aperture covering three-quarters of the final chamber and are referred to G. apertura.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.31 mm, 0.26 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. woodi is common in most samples and ranges from lowest to highest samples. It is present in the uppermost Urenui Formation at Tarata. In the Palliser Section it is rare in the Hurupi Formation, but it occurs in most samples of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. Elsewhere it has not been found in all samples (even when the facies appeared suitable) but ranges from the lowest to the highest sample in most sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Opoitian (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Globigerina zealandica Hornibrook, PI. 14, figs. 225, 226.
1961. Globigerina zealandica; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 150, PI. 21, figs. 436-438, PI. 28, fig. 551.
Remarks: These specimens are identical with the narrow-apertured paratypes of G. zealandica Hornibrook and have the low spinose ornament indicated in the type figures. Relatively few specimens show the spines at the aperture, but the close crowding of the chambers around the aperture is a more diagnostic feature. The form resembles G. eamesi Blow in its spinose ornament and compressed aperture but differs in not having the thin apertural lip.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.35 mm, 0.36 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. zealandica ranges from Unit 2 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 4 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section rare specimens occur in one sample of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It was not found in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waitakian to Waitotaran (Upper Oligocene to Pliocene).
Genus Globigerinoides Cushman, 1927
Type Species: Globigerina rubra d’Orbigny
The nomenclature of the Globigerinoides-quadrilobatus-triloba—sacculifer group is at present rather confused. The writer distinguished four forms and, following Belford (1962), has treated them as subspecies of the one species G. quadrilobatus.
Globigerinoides quadrilobatus d’Orbigny altiapertura Belli, PI. 15, fig. 236.
1957. Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss) subsp. altiapertura Belli; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 215: 113, PI. 25, figs. 7a-8.
1960. Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura; Jenkins, Micropaleontology 6(4): 353-54, PI. 2, figs. 6 a-c.
Remarks: A single specimen in one sample from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation has both the high arched primary and supplementary apertures characteristic of the subspecies altiapertura.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.29 mm, 0.26 mm.
Globigerinoides quadrilobatus d’Orbigny immaturus Le Roy, PI. 15, figs. 230, 231, 234.
1939. Globigerinoides sacculiferus (Brady) var. immatura Le Roy; Natuurk. Tijdschr. Nederl.-Indie, 99(6): 263, PI. 3, figs. 19-21. (fide Ellis and Messina, 1940 et seq.)
1957. Globigerinoides triloba immatura; Belli, U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 215; 113, PI. 25, figs. 3,4; text-fig. 21, No. 2, a-b.
1960. Globigerinoides triloba var. immatura; Jenkins, Micropaleontology 6(4): 354, PI. 2, figs. 7, a-c.
Remarks: These forms have a low primary aperture and often have two supplementary apertures on the spiral side, as figured. The final chamber is smaller than the earlier part of the test.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.39 mm, 0.35 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. immaturus ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation and is abundant in some samples. In the Palliser Section it was found only in one sample from the massive mudstone just above the top of the Hurupi Formation. It was also found in the middle of the Tiniroto Section, and in one sample from the Tamumu Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Globigerinoides quadrilobatus d’Orbigny sacculifer (Brady), PI. 15, fig. 235. 1877. Globigerina sacculifera Brady; Geol. Mag. London n.s. decade 2, 4(12): 535. 1884. Globigerina sacculifera; Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9(22); 604, PI. 80, figs. 11-17, PI. 82, fig. 4.
1959. Globigerinoides sacculiferus; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int., 6 Oceanic (4): Table 6.
1960. Globigarinoides quadrilobatus sacculifera; Banner & Blow, Gontr. Cushman Find. 11(1): 21-24, PI. 4, figs, la, b, 2a, b.
1962. Globigerinoides sacculiferus; Geiger, N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 5(2); table, fig. 2.
Distribution : Rare specimens with the distinctive sack-like final chamber range from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 2 of the Urenui Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section. Elsewhere the subspecies has been found only in one sample from near the middle of the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Lower Tongaporutuan to Recent, Dimensions; Hypotype; diameters 0.42 mm, 0.35 mm.
Globigerinoides quadrilobatus d’Orbigny trilobus (Reuss), PI. 15, fig. 237.
1850. Globigerina triloba Reuss; Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, math. nat. Kl.l; 374, PI. 47, fig. 11.
1960. Globigerinoides triloba triloba; Jenkins, Micropaleontology 6(4): 353, PI. 2, figs. 5 a-c.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.32 mm, 0.28 mm.
Remarks: The name trilobus is used here in a more restricted sense than in the "G. triloba ” previously recorded from Awamoan to Recent. In this subspecies the large final chamber begins to embrace the earlier part of the test.
Distribution: Rare specimens are present in the Taranaki Coastal Section from Unit 6 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present in three samples from near the middle of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Lower Tongaporutuan to Upper Tonga - poutuan (Upper Miocene).
Genus Globigerinita Bronnimann, 1951
Type Species: Globigerinita napanmaensis Bronnimann
Globigerinita incrusta? Akers, PI. 15, figs. 232, 233, 238
1955. Globigerinita incrusta Akers; J. Paleont. 29: 655, PI. 65, figs. 2A-D.
1957. Catapsydrax stainforthi Belli, Loeblich, and Tappan; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 215: 37, PI. 7, fig. 11.
1960. Globigerinita incrusta; Bermudez, Memoria del 111 Gongreso geologico venezolano—Tomo 111, Boletin de Geologia—Spec. Publ. 3, Separate 1961: 1264, PI. 7, figs. 3, a-c.
Remarks; Small, compact, with an elongate or inflated bulla on the apertural side. The bulla apertures almost always lie over the intercameral sutures and the species is tentatively named G. incrusta? The form differs from G. incrusta in being more rounded and compact and is more like the Upper Eocene form G. globiformis Blow and Banner, 1962 ( In Fames et al., p. 108, PI. 14, figs. S-U). The figured specimen has a low bulla and is one of a few specimens found with possible apertural slits along the margin of the bulla between intercameral sutures. It thus approaches G. naparimaensis, but it lacks the tunnel-like apertural structures of that species.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. incrusta? is present in many samples from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present as rare specimens in the upper part of the Hurupi Formation and the lower part of the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. Rare specimens occur in a few samples from the Tamumu, Elsthorpe, and Tiniroto Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Globigerinita unicava (Belli, Loeblich and Toppan), PI. 16, fig. 241.
1957. Catapsydrax unicavus Bolli, Loeblich, and Tappan; U.S. nat. Mus. Bull. 215: 166, PI. 37, fig. 7.
1960. Catapsydrax unicavus; Jenkins, Micropaleontology 6(4); 356, PI. 3, figs. 7, a-c.
1960. Globigerinita unicava; Bermudez, Memoria del 111 Gongreso geologico venezolano—Tomo 111 Boletin de Geologia—Spec. Publ. 3, Separate 1961; 1267.
Remarks: Small, with an elongate bulla opening only at the umbilical end.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.17 mm, 0.15 mm.
Distribution : Although present in few samples G. unicava ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation in the Taranaki Coastal Section. It is found in only one sample in the Palliser Section and has not been found in the other five sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan? to Upper Tongaporutuan (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Genus Globoquadrina Finlay, 1947
Type Species: Globigerina dehiscens Chapman, Parr, and Collins
Globoquadrina dehiscens Chapman, Parr and Collins.
1934. Globoquadrina dehiscens Chapman, Parr, and Collins; J. Linn. Soc. (Zool.) 38(262): 569, PI. 11, fig. 36.
1947. Globoquadrina subdehiscens Finlay; N.Z. J 1 Sci. Tech. B28(5): 291. 1961. Globoquadrina dehiscens; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 153, PI. 22, figs. 446, 447, 449.
Remarks : Specimens of G. dehiscens have the typical square-sided arrangement of flattened chambers. Hornibrook (1961: 153), notes an intergradation of this species with Globigerina venezuelana Hedberg, but the specimens of Globigerina venezuelana Hedberg found in the Elsthorpe and Tiniroto samples have globular chambers that are well separated on both the spiral and apertural sides of the test, and appear to be distinctly different.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section Globoquadrina dehiscens ranges from the lowest sample in Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation up to Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation. It is present in all other sections except the Palliser Section, being especially common and persistent in the lower part of the Tiniroto Section. Its absence at Palliser is consistent with its general absence from Tongaporutuan strata throughout Wairarapa (P. Vella, pers. comm.).
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waitakian to Opoitian (Upper Oligocene to Lower Pliocene).
Genus Orbulina d’Orbigny, 1839
Type Species: Orbulina universa d’Orbigny
Orbulina universa d’Orbigny.
1839. Orbulina universa d’Orbigny; in De la Sagra, Hist. Phys. Pol. Nat. Cuba, 1839, “ Foraminiferes,” p. 35, PI. 1, fig. 1.
1959. Orbulina universa; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanic (4); Table 6.
Remarks; The bilobate form is present in some samples from the Taranaki Coastal Section and in one sample from the Palliser Section. Some subspherical forms with the globigerine stage visible have the pore-like apertures in a narrow zone and are intermediate between O. suturalis and O. universa.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section O. universa ranges from the lowest sample in Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. It is present in the uppermost Urenui Formation at Tarata. In the Palliser Section it is rare in the Hurupi Formation but persistent throughout the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It is present in most samples from the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Lillburnian (Middle Miocene) to Recent.
Genus Globigerinatella Cushman and Stainforth, 1945
Type Species: Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth
Globigerinatella sp., PI. 16, fig. 239.
Distribution: Single spherical specimens with irregular bullae occur in two samples from the Taranaki Coastal Section, but were not found in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan? to Middle Tongaporutuan.
Genus Sphaeroidinellopsis Banner and Blow, 1959
Type Species: Sphaeroidinellopsis subdehiscens (Blow) = Sphaeroidinella dehiscens subdehiscens Blow, 1959
Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina (Schwager), PI. 16, figs. 242, 243.
1866. Globigerina seminulina Schwager; Novara Exped. geol. Theil, 2(2): 256, PI. 7, fig. 112.
1959. Sphaeroidinella seminulina; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanic (4): Table 6.
1960. Sphaeroidinellopsis seminulina; Bermudez, Memoria del 111 Congreso geologico venezolano—Tomo 111 Boletin de Geologia—Spec. Publ. 3, Separate 1961: 1,279-80, PI. 9, figs. 7, a-c.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.34 mm, 0.30 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section this compact form is found as rare specimens from Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it has been found in one of the uppermost Tongaporutuan samples. It is present in several samples from the middle part of the Tiniroto Section and in the lowest sample from the Tamumu Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Waitotaran (Middle Miocene to Pliocene).
Sphaeroidinellopsis nepenthes (Todd), PI. 16, figs. 244, 246, 247.
1957. Globigerina nepenthes Todd; U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 280-H; 301, PI. 78, fig- 7.
1959. Globigerina nepenthes; Blow, Bull. amer. Paleont. 39(178): 178-9, PI. 8, figs. 44, 45.
1959. Globigerina nepenthes; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanie (4): Table 6.
1960. Sphaeroidinellopsis nepenthes; Bermudez, Memoria del 111 Congreso geologico* venezolano—Tomo 111 Boletin de Geologia—Spec. Publ. 3, Separate 1961: 1,277-78, PI. 10, figs. 1, a-b.
1962. Globigerina nepenthes; Geiger, N.Z. J 1 Geol. Geophys. 5(2): 307, table, fig. 2.
Remarks: Juvenile forms are subspherical, with the test outline barely broken by the narrow crack-like sutures and low aperture (PI. 16, fig. 244), The adult has a prominent final chamber with high arched aperture and strong apertural lip. The final chamber instead of continuing the regular spiral coiling is placed almost directly over the preceding chamber and well in towards the umbilical region.
Dimensions; Juvenile, fig. 244; diameters 0.24 mm, 0.23 mm. Hypotype, figs. 246-7; diameters 0.37 mm, 0.26 mm.
Distribution; In the Taranaki Coastal Section juveniles occur rarely in the lowest samples but have not been found below the base of the Tongaporutu Formation (Unit 7). They range up to Unit 5 of the Urenui Formation. The species is not present in the Palliser samples, but occurs in three of the lower samples from the Tiniroto Section and in the lowest sample from Tamumu from the massive mudstone beneath the Waiauan limestone.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan. Recorded from Waiauan to Opoitian (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Genus Globorotalia Cushman, 1927
Type Species; Pulvinulina menardii (d’Orbigny) var. tumida Brady, 1877
Globorotalia cultrata (d’Orbigny) cf. miotumida Jenkins, PI. 16, figs. 248-251.
1960. Globorotalia menardii (d’Orbigny) miotumida Jenkins; Micropaleontology, 6(4): 362, PI. 4, figs. 9, a-c.
Remarks; Moderately compressed, unequally but definitely biconvex, differing from G. miotumida in having chambers in the final whorl. Many large samples have been examined, but specimens with only four chambers are very rare. One 4-chambered specimen is figured, and differs little in other characters from the 5-chambered specimens.
Tests show a considerable range of spire height, but are consistently biconvex, with the apertural side always the more convex. The shells are strongly keeled, as is characteristic of the species. In many samples they grade into inflated forms with part of the last whorl very rounded. These inflated forms, abundant in many samples, are unequally biconvex, with all but the last chamber coated with a coarse “sugary” crystalline surface (PL 17, figs, 252-254). The final chamber is smooth, is comparatively thin-walled, and has a strong keel. On the spiral side there is a raised limbate suture along the junction with the preceding chamber, but the structure of the earlier part of the spire is obscured by the coarse granular texture, and is only visible when the test is wet. The thick granular walls of earlier chambers leave the sutures on the apertural side as narrow cracks and give the chambers and periphery the marked roundness. The removal of chambers from the test shows that the apertural faces of earlier chambers are thin-walled and smooth like the final chamber. Dissection also shows that the keel is present throughout the test and is merely obscured by the growth of prismatic crystals perpendicular to the primary chamber wall (PI. 17, fig. 258). This outer crystal layer is 2-4 times the thickness of the primary wall and must be secondary, added only on the penultimate and earlier chambers at any stage of growth.
The primary characters of the test —unequally biconvex and strongly keeled—are those of G. cultrata miotumida and, although the final test looks markedly different, this form is considered to be a variety of the subspecies. It somewhat resembles G. tumida Brady but differs in not being high-spired and equally-biconvex.
Following the work of Banner and Blow (1960: 31-33), in which they consider the species G. menardii d’Orbigny to be invalid, this species is referred to G. cultrata d’Orbigny.
Dimensions: Hypotypes, 5-chambered, diameters 0.59 mm, 0.49 mm; 4-cham-bered, diameters 0.39 mm, 0.31 mm; granulose variety, diameters 0.62 mm, 0.39 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. cultrata cf. miotumida is abundant in many samples, ranging from the lowest sample of Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is present in several samples in the upper half of the Hurupi Formation and the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It occurs sporadically in the other sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Kapitean (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Globorotalia cultrata d’Orbigny miocenica Palmer, PI. 16, fig. 245.
1945. Globorotalia menardii d’Orbigny var. miocenica Palmer; Bull. amer. Paleont 29(115): 70, PI. 1, fig. 11.
1960. Globorotalia menardii miocenica; Jenkins, Micropaleontology 6(4): 362, PI. 4, figs. 7, a-c.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameter 0.46 mm, spire height 0.31 mm
Remarks: Distinguished by the high conical apertural side and nearly flat spiral side.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section the subspecies is rare and ranges from Unit 7 at the base of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. It occurs in some samples from all the other sections except the Palliser and Elsthorpe Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Waiauan to Opoitian (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene),
Globorotalia opima continuosa Blow, PI. 17, figs. 255, 256, 259.
1959. Globorotalia opima continuosa Blow; Bull. amer. Paleont. 39(178): 218, PI. 19, figs. 125, a-c.
1960. Globorotalia opima continuosa; Jenkins, Micropaleontology 6(4) : 366, PI. 5, figs. 4, a-c, 5, a-c.
Remarks: Small, with 4-4| chambers in the final whorl, coarse-pitted ornament, subspherical chambers closely appressed, radial sutures on apertural and spiral sides and a high arched aperture with a strong lip.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.25 mm, 0.23 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. opima continuosa ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. It is present in the Palliser Section in the upper 440 ft of the Hurupi Formation and throughout the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It has been found in occasional samples from all the other sections except the Tamumu Section.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Waiauan to Opoitian (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Globorotalia scitula (Brady), PI. 17, figs. 262, 265, 266.
1882. Pulvinulina scitula Brady; Proc. roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 11: 716.
1884. Pulvinulina patagonica; Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9: 693, PI. 103, figs. 7, a-c.
1940. Globorotalia scitula; Finlay and Marwick, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 70(1): 123. 1959. Globorotalia scitula; Blow, Bull. amer. Paleont. 39(178): 219, PI. 19, fig. 126.
1960. Globorotalia scitula; Bermudez, Memoria del 111 Congreso geologico venezolano —Tomo 111 Boletin de Geologia—Spec. Publ. 3, Separate 1961: 1,301-2, PI. 14, fig. 4.
Remarks: Small, biconvex, with subacute to subrounded periphery without a keel; 13-15 moderately inflated chambers with about 5 in the last whorl; sutures not limbate, on the apertural side depressed, on the spiral side stepped, with each chamber added slightly below the level of the preceding one; slightly curved on both sides of the test, those on the apertural side radial, those on the spiral side almost tangential. Aperture a low lipped arch extending f of the way to periphery. Test thin-walled, finely perforate, smooth except for tiny pustules just in front of aperture. Very close to the G. miozea small variety of Hornibrook (1961: 144, figs. 450, 453, 454), differing only in the lower aperture and the more acute periphery of later chambers.
Dimensions; Hypotype; diameters 0.30 mm, 0.25 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section G. scitula ranges from Unit 3 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is rare in one sample from near the top of the Hurupi Formation and in several samples from the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It has been found in a few samples from the Tiniroto, Tamumu, and Elsthorpe Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Kapitean? (Middle Miocene to Upper Miocene).
Family ANOMALINIDAE
Genus Anomalinoides Brotzen, 1942
Type Species: Anomalinoides plummerae Brotzen = Anomalina grosserugosa Plummer (Not Gumbell.)
Anomalinoides parvumbilia (Finlay).
1940. Anomalina parvumbilia Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 461, PI. 65 figs. 157-159.
1961. Anomalinoides parvumbilia; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 156, PI. 23, figs. 458-60.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section A. parvumbilia ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. It ranges throughout the Palliser Section, occurring in nearly every sample, and is present but less persistent in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Whaingaroan to Nukumaruan (Lower Oligocene to Pleistocene) (Hornibrook, 1961).
Anomalinoides spherica (Finlay), PI. 17, figs. 257, 260.
1940. Anomalina spherica Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 460, 461, PI. 66, figs. 166-171.
1940. Anomalina spherica Finlay & Marwick, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 70(1): 22.
1957. Anomalinoides spherica (Finlay) spherica Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 156.
1962. Anomalinoides spherica; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geology 1(12): 192, table.
Remarks: Vella (1962) gave a time range of Kapitean to Waitotaran, but according to Hornibrook (1961) this species first appears in the Waiauan in the South Island.
Dimensions; Hypotype; diameters 0.30 mm, 0.25 mm.
Distribution: This species occurs consistently in the siltstones in the lower 750 ft of the Hurupi Formation at Palliser Bay, but has not been found in the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan (Middle Miocene) to Recent.
Anomalinoides subnonionoides (Finlay), PI. 17, figs. 263, 264.
1940. Anomalina subnonionoides Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 459, 461, PI. 66, figs. 172-180.
1961. Anomalinoides subnonionoides; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 155, PI. 23, figs. 467-9.
Remarks: Degree of compression highly variable. An extremely compressed form is figured. Some of the compressed forms approach A. macraglabra in asymetry but show only whorls on the dorsal side and have the apertural lip extending back for about 3 chambers on the dorsal side.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.49 mm, 0.41 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section A. subnonionoides ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it has been found in the two uppermost samples of the Hurupi Formation and the lowest sample of the overlying massive mudstone. Not present in the Elsthorpe samples but does occur in the other sections. The lowest sample of the Tahora Section and two of the lower Tiniroto samples have the most strongly inflated forms.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Whaingaroan to Kapitean (Lower Oligocene to Upper Miocene).
Genus Cibicides Montfort, 1808
Type Species: Cibicides refulgens Montfort
Cibicides deliquatus Finlay, PI. 18, figs. 267-271.
1940. Cibicides deliquatus Finlay; Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. 69(4): 465
1959. Cibicides deliquatus; Hornibrook, in Fleming, Lex. strat. int. 6 Oceanic (4) : 428.
1962. Cibicides deliquatus; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geol. 1(4): 192, table.
1962. Cibicides deliquatus; Geiger, N.Z. J 1 Geol. Geophys. 5(2): table, tig. 2.
Remarks: Convexity of the dorsal side and compression of the test variable, ventral sutures limbate and strongly curved, dorsal sutures flush or slightly raised and distinct.
Dimensions: Hypotypes; diameters o.Blmm, 0.71 mm, 0.72 mm, 0.61 mm.
Distribution; In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. deliquatus ranges from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. It is present in the upper 300 ft of the Hurupi Formation and in the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section, in all the Elsthorpe samples, most of the samples at Foulwind, several of the higher samples of the Tiniroto Section, and one of the higher samples from Tahora. It appears prior to the entry of Bolivinita quadrilatera in the Tamumu Section and occurs in almost all of the samples.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan (Middle Miocene) to Recent.
Recorded Ecologig Range: Haeuslerella? to Robulus Biofacies, 200?-l,000-2,000 ft (Vella, 1962).
Cibicides molestus Hornibrook, PI. 19, figs, 275, 276.
1961. Cibicides molestus Hornibrook; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 163, PI. 24, figs. 478, 479, 483.
1962. Cibicides molestus; Vella, Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z., Geol. 1(12): 192, list. Dimensions; Hypotype; diameters 0.63 mm, 0.55 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. molestus is present in two samples of Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and is common in most samples between Unit 1 of the Tongaporutu Formation and Unit 3 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it occurs in several samples from near the top of the Hurupi Formation and is consistently present in the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It occurs in most samples from the Foulwind and Tahora Sections and from the upper part of the Tiniroto Section.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Bortonian to Middle Waitotaran (Middle Eocene to Pliocene) (Hornibrook, 1961).
Recorded Ecologig Range: Haeuslerella to Robulus Biofacies, 200-2,000 ft (Vella, 1962).
Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman), PI. 19, fig. 278,
1922. Truncatulina pseudoungerianus Cushman; U.S. geol. Surv. prof. Pap. 129 E: 97, PI. 20, fig. 9.
1960. Cibicides pseudoungerianus; Barker, Spec. Publ. Soc. econ. Paleont. and Min. 9: 194, PI. 94, figs. 9, a-c.
Remarks: Test almost equally biconvex, 9-11 chambers in the last whorl, and moderately lobulate, subacute periphery with a well-developed keel on all but the last chambers on the dorsal side, early whorls obscured by blotches in the shell wall. Very similar to C. semiperforatus Hornibrook but has a smooth instead of coarsely perforate ventral side. Differs from C. perforatus (Karrer) in having the blotched pattern restricted to the centre of the dorsal side and in having a lower spire and more prominent keel.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.86 mm, o.Blmm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. pseudoungerianus was found in a few samples, ranging from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 4 of the Urenui Formation. In the Palliser Section it is rare in the uppermost sample from the Hurupi Formation and common or abundant in most samples from the overlying Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It has not been found in the Foulwind Section but is present in many samples from the remaining sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range; Waiauan to Opoitian (Middle Miocene to Lower Pliocene).
Cibicides cf. robertsonianus (Brady), PI. 19, fig. 277.
1881. Truncatulina robertsoniana Brady; Quart. J. micr. Sci. 21 n.s.: 65
1884. Truncatulina robertsoniana; Brady, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool. 9: 664, PI. 95, fig. 4.
1961. Cibicides robertsonianus; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 160. »
Remarks: From 7 to 11 chambers in the last whorl, variable in the degree of involution of the ventral side and the curvature of the dorsal sutures. Centre of the dorsal side partly obscured on most specimens, giving the appearance of having only whorls, but close examination of cleaner specimens shows 4 whorls. Short radial lines deep within the transparent shell on the ventral side near the
periphery visible in some specimens, including the figured specimen (cf. Brady, 1884, PL 95, fig. 4). Differs from C. robertsonianus in not having 13 chambers in the last whorl, or straight radial sutures. Probably separable as a new species, but because of variability and long range description should be based on larger samples than have been found.
Dimensions: Hypotype; diameters 0.44 m, 0.39 mm.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. cf. robertsonianus ranges from Unit 1 of the Mohakatino Formation to Unit 6 of the Urenui Formation. It is rare in most of the upper part of the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone in the Palliser Section, occurs as rare specimens in a few samples from most other sections, but was not found in the Foulwind Section.
Cibicides thiaracuta Hornibrook.
1958. Cibicides thiaracuta Hornibrook; N.Z. J 1 Geol. Geophys. 1(4): 668-9, figs 33-35.
Remarks: One large specimen from sample N99f511 of Unit 7 of the Urenui Formation has a domed dorsal side and strongly recurved sutures, but its gently curved ventral surface has quite a marked central depression, which makes the identification somewhat uncertain. Not found in any of the other sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range: Altonian to Tongaporutuan (Lower to Upper Miocene).
Cibicides finlayi, n.sp., PI. 18, figs, 273, 274
Description: Test small, rounded plano-convex with low spire, equatorial profile lobulate; axial profile with ventral side domed, dorsal side flattened, and peripheral angle subrounded. Central part of spire obscured by raised callus with few pits and depressions on dorsal side; slight depression in umbilical region on the ventral side; chambers increasing gradually in size, 7—B in final whorl, later chambers inflated slightly on both dorsal and ventral sides. Sutures on dorsal side oblique, gently curved, slightly depressed, and limbate on early part of last whorl, not limbate but markedly depressed on latter part of last whorl. Ventral sutures radial, straight or gently curved, slightly depressed. Wall coarsely perforate on dorsal side, smooth, non-perforate on ventral side. Aperture with lip at periphery, extending back on dorsal side for 2-5 chambers, covered by prominent plates from the base of the chambers.
Dimensions: Holotype; maximum diameter 0.44 mm.
Variability: Dorsal sutures are sometimes slightly depressed on the early part of the last whorl but the last 2 or 3 sutures are always strongly depressed and are not limbate.
Types: Holotype (F 136) and 10 Paratypes (Fpl36).
Type Locality: N165f708, foot of sea cliffs, Palliser Bay, Sheet N 165 (Ist Edit., 1953), grid ref. 730054.
Type Level; From the unnamed massive mudstone overlying the Hurupi Formation and underlying the Onoke Formation. Middle Tongaporutuan (Upper Miocene).
Remarks: This species has previously been misidentified as C. ihungia. It differs from C. ihungia in being smaller, having 7-8 chambers instead of about 10 in the final whorl, smooth ventral surface without pits, later dorsal sutures depressed not limbate, and plates on base of chambers instead of a limbate spiral suture on dorsal side.
Distribution: In the Taranaki Coastal Section C. finlayi occurs in Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation and is common in many samples of the Urenui Formation from Unit 7 to the base of Unit 3. In the Palliser Section it is present in every sample from the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone. It is present
in few samples from each of the other sections, occurring in the highest Tongaporutuan sample from the Foulwind Section, and in the lowest sample in Tamumu and Tahora Sections.
Observed Stratigraphic Range: Waiauan to Upper Tongaporutuan, possibly to Kapitean (Middle to Upper Miocene).
Genus Dyocibigides Cushman and Valentine, 1930
Type Species: Dyocibicides biserialis Cushman and Valentine
Dyocibicides primitiva Vella.
1957. Dyocibicides primitiva Vella; N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 28: 41, PI. 9, figs. 198-200.
1961. Dyocibicides primitiva; Hornibrook, N.Z. geol. Surv. paleont. Bull. 34(1): 165, PI. 26, fig. 517.
Distribution: Rare specimens are present in a few samples of the Taranaki Coastal Section ranging from Unit 7 of the Tongaporutu Formation to Unit 1 of the Urenui Formation. Found as rare specimens in two samples from the Tongaporutuan massive mudstone at Palliser Bay, and in samples from the Tamumu, Elsthorpe, and Tiniroto Sections.
Recorded Stratigraphic Range; Duntroonian (Lower Oligocene) to Recent.
Acknowledgments
The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance generously given by the New Zealand Geological Survey, Micropaleontology Section. Under Mr N. de B. Hornibrook and Mr G. H. Scott free access was given to all facilities. Unpublished information on suitable sections and discussions with all members of this department have been of great assistance.
Shell, 8.P., and Todd Oil Services Limited kindly allowed their unpublished Geological Reports to be examined.
Guidance and encouragement has been given throughout by Dr Paul Vella, Senior Lecturer of the Geology Department, Victoria University.
Dr J. P. Kennett has supplied samples and information from the Foulwind Section and has co-operated in many ways.
Financial support was received from the University Grants Committee in the form of a National Research Fund Fellowship.
Finally I acknowledge my indebtedness to my wife for her practical assistance in all phases of this study, and for her unfailing encouragement and understanding.
References
Barker, R. W., 1960. Taxonomic notes on the species figured by H. B. Brady in his report on the Foraminifera dredged by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 18731876; accompanied by a reproduction of Brady’s plates. Soc. econ. Paleont. Mineral. Spec. Publ. 9: 1-238.
Bedford, D. J., 1962. Miocene and Pliocene planktonic Foraminifera, Papua-New Guinea. Bur. min. Resour. Aust. Bull. 62(1): 1-52.
Cushman, J. A.; Parker, F. L., 1938. The Recent species of Bulimina named by d’Orbigny in 1826. Contr. Cushman Lab. 14(4): 90-94, PI. 16. Lab. 16(1): 7-23, Pis. 2, 3.
Fames, F. E.; Banner, F. T.; Blow, W. H.; Clarke, W. J., 1962. Fundamentals of mid-Tertiary strati graphical correlation, 163 pp. Cambridge: University Press.
Ellis, B. F.; Messina, A. R., 1940 et seq. A catalogue of Foraminifera. Amer. Mus. nat. Hist., New York: spec. Publ.
Finlay, H. J., 1947. New Zealand Foraminifera: Key species in Stratigraphy, No. 5. N.Z. Jl Sci. Tech. B28(5): 259-292.
Fleming, C. A. (ed.), 1959. Lexique stratigraphique international, Vol. 6, Oceanie (4), New Zealand; 527 pp. Paris; Gongr. geol. int. Comm. Stratigraphic.
Hornibrook, N. de 8., 1961. Tertiary Foraminifera from Oamaru district (N.Z.), Part 1. N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 34(1): 5-192, Pis. 28.
Sigal, J., 1952. Ordre des Foraminifera. Traite de Paleontologie, I (J. Priveteau ed.); 133301, Paris; Masson et Cie.
Vella, P., 1957. Studies in New Zealand Foraminifera, Part I: Foraminifera from Cook Strait. N.Z. geol. Surv. pal. Bull. 28: 5-41, Pis. 3-9.
Peninsula, New Zealand. Micropaleontology 7(4): 467-483, Pis. 1-2.
Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geology 1(12): 183-199.
—; 1963. Some Foraminifera from the Upper Miocene and Pliocene of Wairarapa, New Zealand. Trans, roy. Soc. N.Z. Geology 2(1): 1-14, Pis. 1-2.
G. W. Gibson, Ph.D., Geology Dept., University of Auckland, P.O. Box 2175, Auckland, N.Z.
* Lithologic code of N.Z.F.R. forms.
* Lithologic code of N.Z.F.R. forms.
* Lithologic code of N.Z.F.R. forms.
* Lithologic code of N.Z.F.R. forms.
* Lithologic code of N.Z.F.R. forms.
(Sections are given in the order in which they are discussed in the text.) text.) 1. The Taranaki Coastal Section Sheet No. N91 (Mokau), 1st Edition, 1957 Fossil No. Locality Grid Ref. Lithology* 1. The Taranaki Coastal Section Sheet No. N91 (Mokau), 1st Edition, 1957 No. Locality Grid Ref. Lithology* £652 Cutting on Main Road 200yds N of Mahakatino Cutting on Main Road 200yds N of Mahakatino Bridge 159522 8851dTT 159322 8851dTT £653 Stm cutting 75yds N of Mahakatino Bridge 159321 8951cTT Stm cutting 75yds N of Mahakatino Bridge 159321 8951cTT
Fossil No. Locality Grid Ref. Lithology* £654 S bank of Mohakatino R. Jml SW of Mohakatino Bridge 155317 995 IdT £655 S side of Mahakatino R. mouth 153315 9951d £656 At base of cliffs at stream Jml S of Mohakatino R. 152313 9952eO £657 At base of cliffs 1ml S of Mahakatino R. 149303 Sheet No. N100 (Ohura), 1st Edition, 1953. 9951d (Unless otherwise stated, these samples were collected from the base of the ; sea cliffs.) £545 W of Mt Tiger 148297 9961d £546 W of Mt Tiger 148294 9741d £547 S of Awaawaroa Stream 148287 9941c £548 S of Awaawaroa Stream 148287 9941dT £549 Between Pukerewa and Wharau Streams 145279 8851dTB £550 N of Kawau Pa 145278 884 IdT £551 Bay S of Te Puia Pa 144274 8751dT £552 Ridge W of Mt Tiger, at 560ft 153291 8841dW £553 Ridge W of Mt Tiger, at 415ft 153291 9941cMW £554 Ridge W of Mt Tiger, at 350ft 152291 994 IdW £555 N side Otukehu Stream 139254 9971d £556 0.1ml S of Otukehu Stream 139253 9951dT £557 0.2ml S of Otukehu Stream 138251 8841dTTB £558 0.25ml S of Otukehu Stream 137250 9161dTT £559 Midway between Otukehu Stream and Omahu Pt 137248 995 IdT £560 0.3ml N of Omahu Pt 137247 885 IdT £561 500yds N of Omahu Pt 137245 9951d £562 4ml N of Omahu Pt 136244 995 Id £563 Ich N of neck of Omahu Pt 135242 9951e £564 NW side of Omahu Pt 134242 8851d £565 10yds SW of neck of Omahu Pt 135241 8851dTT £566 10yds SE of neck of Omahu Pt 135241 995 IdM £567 iml S of Omahu Pt 135238 9951d £568 Point N of mouth of Rapanui Stream 135237 995 IfW £569 Jml S of Rapanui Stream mouth 133233 8851cS £570 800yds S of Rapanui Stream mouth 132230 885 Id £571 N bank Tongaporutu R. Jml up from mouth 133221 9941d £572 Main Rd iml N of Tongaporutu Bridge 139218 9951dS £573 S. bank Tongaporutu R. 0.3ml up from mouth 133216 9952dTS , £574 S bank Tongaporutu R. 0.2ml up from mouth 131216 9952dO £575 300yds S Tongaporutu R. 129216 9952d £576 0.5ml S Tongaporutu R. 125209 9951d £577 0.6ml S Tongaporutu R. 125208 9951d £578 0.3ml N Ohanga Stream 123205 9951d £579 0.2ml N Ohanga Stream 123202 9951d £580 Foot of waterfall mouth Ohanga Stream 121200 9951d £581 Bed of Ohanga Stream, top of sea cliffs 121200 885 Id £582 fml S Warekorianga Stream 119197 8851dTS £583 iml N Tutapuha Stream 119195 8851dTTBB £584 Midway between Tutapuha and Mangapukatea Stms. 117191 9951dT £585 60yds S Mangapukatea Stream mouth 115187 9951c £586 Gongl. block 60yds S Mangapukatea Stream 115187 9951c
Fossil No. Locality Grid Ref. Lithology* £587 N side Waikiekie Stream mouth 114186 9941cdT £588 Midway between Waikiekie and Waikorora Streams Streams110176 110176995 Id 9951d £589 ; Jml N Waikorora Stream mouth 106168 9851dTOBB £590 Top of cliffs S Waikorora Stream mouth 103162 985 Id Sheet No. N99 (Mimi), Provisional Edition, 1944 £506 Sheet : No. N99 (Mimi), Provisional Edition, 10yds S of Te Horo tunnel mouth 1944 098157 985 IdM £507 White cliffs, midway between tunnel and Waipingau Stream 092150 9951dOS £508 Creek mouth fml SW Waipingau Stream 076133 9842d £509 1ml SW of Waipingau Stream 073130 6942dS £510 Bay W of Whitely Monument 062123 9841d £511 Bay NW - of Pariokariwa Pt 059125 9942dT £512 0.6ml ; SW of Pariokariwa Pt 050120 9942d £513 1ml SW of Pariokariwa Pt 046115 9842dO £514 |ml NE of Trig B 287ft 035101 9842dTOB £515 |ml NE of Trig B 287ft 035100 9742dSB £516 N side of Papatiki Stream mouth 028092 9942dO £517 On point S side of Waiiti Stream 024084 9942dS £519 fml N of stacks W of Nopera Rd 015073 9942dB £520 1ml NE of Mimi River mouth 005057 9942d £522 N side of Mimi River mouth 995043 9942dOOSB £523 S end of Waitoetoe Beach 986034 8842dOS £524 if ml NE of Brown Trig Pt 987027 9942dOOO £525 if ml NE of Brown Trig Pt 978027 9942dS £526 fml NE of Brown Trig Pt 978027 874 Id £527 Natural tunnel at base of Brown Trig Pt 970020 8741d £528 0.7ml SW of Brown Trig Pt 961012 8740dG £529 First cliffs NE of Urenui Beach 952008 9842d £530 0.3ml NE of Onaero River mouth 928004 8942dOS £532 W of Onaero River mouth 923001 8842dOS £533 Ich W of Onaero River mouth 922002 8842dOSB £534 3ch W of Onaero River mouth 921003 8842dOS £536 First cliffs E of Onaero Beach 914001 9942dB £538 ■Point N ‘ of Onaero Factory 907000 8842dOS £539 Jml E Waiau Stream mouth 906000 9842dOS £540 Jml E ‘ Waiau Stream 905998 9942dO £541 fml E of Waiau Stream mouth 903998 9942dO £542 On point E of Waiau Stream 900000 9942dOS £543 Ich S of point E of Waiau Stream 900000 9942dS £544 Point lOch W of Waiau Stream mouth 896000 9942dS £5.45 f ml W of "Waiau Stream 895001 9952d £546 |)ml W of Waiau Stream 892002 9841d £547 0.6ml W of Waiau Stream 888003 9741dMC £548 fml SE of Waihi Trig Pt 881008 9951dO
Uppermost Urenui Formation sampled near Tarata. Sheet No. N109 (Inglewood), Provisional Edit . 1943 Fossil No. Locality Grid Ref. Lithology* £572 S bank Waitara R., Toetoe Road extension 918831 8851d 2. The Palliser Section Sheet No. N165 (Onoke), 1st edition, 1953 £687 742044 5552f £688 741044 7742fO £689 741045 884 If £690 741045 885 Id £691 740046 8852eS £692 740047 884 le £693 739047 885 le £694 738048 8842e £695 737049 885 le £696 737049 884 le £697 737050 8831e £698 736050 8842eO £699 736050 8842e £700 Section sampled at foot of sea cliffs at Palliser 735051 8842eO £701 Bay, westwards from the unconformity 0.6 miles 735051 8942e £702 SE of Flat Trig Station 734051 8942e £703 733052 9842e £704 733052 8942e £705 732053 9942e £706 732053 9942e £707 731054 9942e £708 730054 9942eG £709 730054 9942eB £710 729055 9942e £711 729055 9942e £712 1 728056 9942e £713 J 727056 9842e £714 On slip 50ft above sea level 727057 9942h £715 On cliff 70ft above sea level 726058 9942d £720] 742044 565IfS £721J | Near unconformity 0.6ml SE of Flat Trig 741044 4552f — The Foulwind Section Sheet No. S24 (Westport), Provisional Edition. , 1945. £530' 990738 8842dM £531 989738 9942d £539 988738 7741hGG £540 Section sampled E to W from E of Giant’s Tooth 988738 664 IfS £541 to top Landon Limestone 986738 9942d £542 985738 9942d £543 982737 7942d £544. 981736 3741f 4. —The Tamumu Section Sheet No. N141 (Waipawa), Section on W Bank of Tukituki R. If ml N of Tamumu Bridge. £1410 Road cutting 2ch S of Waiauan limestone 125845 8842d £1411 Top of Waiauan limestone in river bank 126845 554gSSS
Fossil No. Locality Grid Ref. Lithology* £1412 126845 7652f £1413 127846 7752d £1414 127846 9952d £1415 Samples from river bank over next 300yds down127846 9942d £1416 stream from limestone 127846 9942d £1417 128846 7942d £1418 128846 7942dT 5. The Elsthorpe Section Sheet No. N141 (Waipawa), 2nd edition, 1962 £1402 252960 8842dO £1404 Section sampled up Hawea Stream E of Elsthorpe— 253959 8842d £1406 Havelock North highway 5mls N of Elsthorpe 253957 8842d £1408 253955 8842d 6.—The Tahora Section Sheet No. N110 (Tahora), unpublished £37 Stream bed Jml E of Tahora Substn 9842d £38 Road cutting iml S of Tahora Substn 9942d £39 Road cutting iml SW Tahora Substn 9942d £40 Road cutting junction of Ohura and Mangaowata Rds 9942d £41] 9942d £42 9942d £43 ■ Sampled on bulldozed track between junction of Ohura 9942dO £44 and Mangaowata roads and Trig Stn Kaieto 1,387ft 8750f £45. 9950f 7. —The Tiniroto Section Sheet No. N106 (Tiniroto), 1st Edition, 1953 p £522' 882281 8842d £523 883280 8842d £524 884279 8842d £525 886278 6642dT £526 886278 8842d £527 887277 8842dT £528 888273 9942d £529 Section down western tributary of Hangaroa River, 891272 9652dTO £530 1— 2mls W of Hairpin bend in Bushy Knoll road 894271 9952dT £531 897271 8842d £532 897270 9942d £533 898269 8842d £534 898269 6642f £535 900268 894 Id £536 903266 8941d 5537 904267 894Id £539' 880286 9952d £540 Section down higher part of the western tributary 880288 9761d £541 of Hangaroa River 881285 7842d £542 884279 7841d
Table I.—LOCALITY AND LITHOLOGY OF THE MICROFOSSIL SAMPLES EXAMINED
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Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Geology, Volume 5, Issue 1, 22 March 1967, Page 1
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29,985Foraminifera and Stratigraphy of the Tongaporutuan Stage in the Taranaki Coastal and Six Other Sections Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand : Geology, Volume 5, Issue 1, 22 March 1967, Page 1
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