Current Topics AT HOME AND ABROAD.

New Zealand Tablet, Volume XV, Issue 15, 5 August 1887, Page 1

Current Topics AT HOME AND ABROAD.

A BAD EXAMPLE.

The Right Rev. Dr. Nevill, Anglican Bishop cf Dunedin, delivered a lecture on Bible-reading in the schools on Friday evening, in which he referred to the bad manners that prevailed among the young people of the colony. His Lordship, indeed, gave some instances of occurrences that reflected as much on the police of the districts in question as they did on the secular schools, for nothing of the kind should be possible in a civilised community. But the Bishop, while he preached to others, did not take sufficient care lest he himself should prove a castaway. Dr. Nevill occupies a position in which we expect to find a scholar and a gentleman, and, indeed, we admit that the Bishop as a rule proves himself fit for the place he occupies. What, then, is to be thought of the example set by his Lordship in alluding to his Catholic fellowcolonists, as he did, by the opprobrious term Romanists ? We say, for our part, that when a ma 1, who is expected to express himself as a scholar and a gentleman, and speaking on a public occasion, descends to the use of nick-names, and places himself on a level with Stiggins or Chadband, larrikinism may most consistently be looked for among the children of people who occupy a more humble position. Bad manners, then, are not confined to the pupils of the secular schools.

A TRIUMPH FOB THE CHRISTIAN BROTHERS.

We (Boston Pilot) invite the attention of those disaffected Catholic parents who, despite palpable results and even non-(Jatholic testimony to the contrary, consider Catholic schools not sufficiently " American," or who, on general principles, believe that a purely Catholic system of education must retard a man's worldly advancement, to the fact that Victor James Dowling, a yonag man wholly educated in schools conducted by the Christian Brothers -St. Peter's Parochial, De La S 'He Institute, Manhattan College, New York — recently graduated from the Law School of the University of the City of New York, carrying away from a host of competitors, all graduates of the 6ecular schools and colleges, the only prises, one of lOOdols. for best oral examination, the other of 200dols. for the best written examination . No student heretofore ever woo the two prizes . Mr. Dowling, we need hardly add, is of Irish parentage.

A PETITION WITH A EIFFEBENCE.

Says the Boston Pilot of June 25th: — The report of the ceremonies in Westminster Abbey on Tuesday Bays : " The Lord's Prayer was said and the responses (adapted to the occasion) were intoned.' 1 " Adapted to the occasion " is really good ; but thiak of adapting or altering any part of that divine petition, for a royal "occasion." "Give us this day our daily bread, and the Irish their daily famine," was probably one of the improvements, if the courtieri prayed with sincerity.

MOBE OF IT.

An English Catholic, Mr. Edmund Kandolph, writes i in the London Tablet. — "We may explain that by a member of the Irish Church he means a priest or biEhop :— " If it seems desirable to us, we have an undoubted right to lay our views before the Holy Father. Let those who think differently lay theirs. We suspend judgment, or rather we await it. If it can be proved that no single member of the Irish Church has ever been virtually leagued with the cut-throat and the assassin, no one will rejoice more than ourselves, and humanity will give a sigh of relief. The time seems ripe to tell the world one or two plain truths in plain language. The Catholics of Great Britain are, most unhappily, a house divided. Whatever our debt to Ireland— and it can hardly be compassed in words— it has become essential that we Englishmen should strike out a line of our own. This line need not bu one of antagonism, but it must be one of fearlessness and independence. We are not to be dragged up hill and down dale, through wet and dry, at the tail of any movement, ' National ' or otherwise." But is it not devoutly to be wished that the "line" may be altogether outside the path of Irish Catholics and not confounded with it as it is at present 1 There is nothing to prevent English Catholics from minding their own business, but their firm determination to bnlly Irish Catholics.

A FOOL'S INHERITANCE.

The New Zealand Times of July 22, gives a report of an annual meeting of the pariehioners of St. Paul's Church, Wellington, in which fjem iai^sting passages occnr. It is interesting I|V n«y *n example, to learn that progress in the religious life to 3to#^t characterised the congregation in a very remarkable manter. " %ft»Di Ancient and Modern," it seems, when they were first iniTOfnceJtlmb the chuToh, gave a good deal of scandal, but either the hymciif»Te altered their meaning, or the mind of the congregation has changed, tor now they meet with approval only and are found most edifying. It is hoped, in like manner, that the crost and candlesticks which have recently been introduced will alter their shape, or win over the affections of the worshippers. And we observe, with interest also that one gentleman in pleading the cause of these articles of piety', denies that they are a modern innovation. He claims for them an antiquity of 20 years, and we may, therefore, acknowledge that they were in use in the Church of England when ■he occupied her particular catacombs. The most interesting member of this congregation, by far, however, was that gentleman who had taken in the history of his Church by inheritance. The grandson and son of ministers, how could he possibly escape knowing all about it 1 There was that gentleman of old who had a brothei that could play the German flute -how, therefore, could he possibly avoid being able to speak French 7 Captain Hewett, for so is this gentleman belonging to St. Paul's, Wellington, named, gives us to understand that the knowledge of the history of his Church most be perfect, since, his father and grandfather were ministers^ The on'y wonder is, in fact, as we may conc.ude, that the|Captaia himself did not come into the world ready dressed in a cassock. But he also tells us that he was laught by churchmen, though we, by way of parenthesis, may remark that it is not everyone who ia taught that has the capacity or the docility to learn. Let us give those churchmen who taught Captain Hewett the benefit of the doubt, for if we must believe that they did their best, and that their pupil was intelligent and docile, why, then, we must believe that the fund of information at their command was extremely limited. Said the gallant Captain, according to the report. — " He strongly objected to the use of tbe cross and candlesticks, and thought they should not copy another Church which was using idols. ... He did not blame the Roman Catholics for using candlesticks. They at least were consistent, as they had no second commandment, but he most strongly objected to this Bomanising idea creeping into the Church." .Ignoramuses, indeed, must have been the Captain* teachers, if the Captain when he was a little boy -was capable of learning anything at all. But, perhaps, it was the learning the Captain derived by way of inheritance from his father and grand, father that crowded the instruction his teachers tried to give him ont of his head, and prevented his receiving anything in addition to what he bad inherited.— Oh what a baby must have been the Captain ruminating on ecclesiastical matters in his cradle, and drivelling out full samples of his knowledge with his curdled milkl " They could not use things." said the Captain again," " which they could only look upon as idols, and which were used in a mistaken way by their brothers, because the Roman Catholics were brothers and Christians." A man and a " brudder " perhaps, the Captain may readily find, but a Christian and yet an idolator— ah, that is quite a different thing. Ye reverend deceased whose theology has descended by inheritance to Captain Hewett, eurely your confusion was extreme and your opinions most contradictory.— Can we acquit yon of the charge of showing a contempt for our present generation by transmittiog to your descendant such a flow of intolerable nonsense, such a stupid bigctry and unsurpassable ignorance ?

QUEER RESULTS.

We do not see that there is much good, even from a Protestant point of view, in advocating Bibl«reading in the schools, as a means of supporting creeds which, by people who are themselves the most exercised in Bible-reading, are beiDg undermined and denied.— Some very suggestive utterances in this connection have lately been made in th General Assemblies of both the Established Church and the Free Church of Scotland.— ln the former, for example, one divine in moving for changes in the Confession of > ith suggested that the Apoetleo' Creed should be substituted for it, on which, another divine

who was no less a personage than the ex- Moderator of the Assembly, declared that he did not believe the Ap sties' Creed — which he said WAS even harder to be understood than the Confession of Faith. — The Confession of Faith, however, was loudly condemned, and a proposi. tion was made and listened to with much approval to the effect that the creed of the Church should be altered to suit the times. It appears, moreover, that it has been common for ministers of these Onorches to begin their ministry by making falsa declarations and profession! of a religions belief in which they have no faith.— But if thil be the outcome of centuries of a close study of the Scriptures, and itt remit be confusion, insincerity, or something worse, among the rt +£l)l*lo ii teachers of the Bible, what is to be expected from such a mere superficial smattering as might be acquired in the schools 1 — la fact, perhaps, judging from what we have now seen, the less the ■object is studied the better. But in that case undiluted secularism ii the better system.

A GREAT DEMONSTRATION.

Mb. Gladstone, during his recent visit to Wales, was received everywhere with great demonstrations of enthnsiasm. The most remarkable of these took place at Singleton Abbey, near Swansea, and is described as follows by the Nation :—": — " An idea of the magnitude of the demonstration may be gathered from the fact that 62 gpecial trains were required to convey to Swansea the crowds desirous of being present thereat, and from the statement that there were not leas tnan 100,000 persons congregated in the town when the tot contingent had arrived. Of this multitude, 35,000 passed in processional order before Mr. Gladstone, who, with Mrs. Gladstone and the Welsh members occapied a dais erected on the lawn in front Of Singleton Abbey. The march-past, which was of the most inspiriting and interesting character, occupied four hours and a-half. A contiagent from Cork with band and banner, took part in the proces. sion, and presented an address to Mr. Gladstone (as did each contm. gent in tarn), amidst loud cheering and shouts of " Home Rule for Ireland I" This contingent represented the Cork Gaelic Athletic Association, who, in addition to an illuminated address, and a set of fnll-aized barleys of polished Irish ash, with a regular match ball, •lfee presented Mr. Gladstone with a miniature gold hurley, which he at once attached to his watch-chain.

BOSBBEBBY ILLUSTRATIONS.

Lobd Eo SEBERBY speaking at Ply mouth,lately,condemned the Crimes Bill and the policy of coercion towards Ireland as absolutely futile. He said — Now, I never think of this Coercion Bill of the Government's without remembering a little anecdote, which I hop e you will forgive me for relating. A friend of mine once asked a farmer to dine with him, and gave him the best claret it was possible to give him j but as the dinner wore on he saw a look of discontent on the face of the farmer. So he said to him, " I don't think you like the claret." "Yes," he replied, "I like it well enough; but •omehow or other, we don't seem to get no forrarder with it.', Immediately my friend called for whiskey. (Laughter .) Touching on tie delicacy of the connection between the dissident Liberals and the present Government — the noble Lord said — I h ape I can illustrate that by mentioning a sight which is, unhappily, too common in our streets, and|l hope I can mention it in perfect good humour, with out giving offence to our estranged friends. You may possibly have observed two gentlemen saying goodbye to each other in the street after a too convivial evening. (Laughter.) They shake each other' 8 hand, and they go on bowing and swaying to each other, with their hands tightly locked, assuring each other of the agreeable evening they have had —^laughter) — of the unalterable friendship they profess to each other, which they hope will continue — (laughter) — of the meetings that they trust they may have—^'laughter) — and this goes on far so indefinite a time that the casual bystander is apt to be pnzzled by i', until, after a moment's obssrvation, he discovers what is the absolute truth, wbuh is that if for one moment they leave each other's hand — (laughter and cheers) — they will both oE them fall to the ground. (Renewal laughter and chetrs.)

ANOTHER BKAUTT.

The pamphlet wbose authorship was falsely attributed to the professors of the Iri9h college at Rome — and which consisted in a tissue of scandalous misrepresentations of the Irish cause and gross charges against the Irish ppople. turns out to be the work of an English priest.— lt was written hv that charitable and pious individual for the purpose of enlightenia.i l^u.aus, more especially the Cardinals and other ecclesiastics, concerning the matter, a fervent imagination and a thorough hatred of everything Irish, furnishing the rev. author with all the materials needed for his work. " Hearing " say? the Rome correspondent of the Pilot, " that the work signed ' Catholicus' was produced by Eev. Eobert Belaney, an English priest, I called upon the reverend gentleman at his hotel, the Minerva. He admitted the authorship of the pamphlet, declaring that his reason for withholding his name was his fears lest he should be shot, that his

object was to let the people know the true state of Ireland as he conceited it, and in order that this should be more widely spread he had engaged an Italian schoolmaster to translate the pamphlet into Italian that it might be sent to cardinals and other ecclesiastics here for their enlightenment. When asked if he was inspired by the Vatican, as stated in the Daily Chronicle of. May 23, he confessed he was not, and related', at great length, that his inspiration to write Bach a pamphlet came from a visit to Frascati where he happened to meet, on the same day, three Italian journalists who exhibited lamentable ignorance of the Irish question as understood by Mr. Belaney. Then came to him the noble idea of enlightening the ignorance of three — or possibly more — Italian journalists. This is the inspiration he acknowledges of the pamphlet." " The work " add* the correspondent, " is a flimsy production that has no weight and will have no value even with Italians. It bears no authority, being nameless. There is an interest about it, as ifcis a fair specimen of th e weapons now employed by the opponents of Iceland."

A BOGUS CELEBRATION.

The pretence made in England of a thorough contempt for American opinion received a very practical contradiction by the fact that English money was largely employed in the States for the purpose of getting up celebrations of her Majesty's jubilee. In Boston particularly this was the case and it is notorious that men known to be in the poorest circumstances spent money lavishly to promote the end in question. — So cleverly, moreover, did they go about their work in that city, that they succeeded in obtaining the historic Faneuil Hall for their demonstra'ion. — This occasioned great indignation among the citizens, and a meeting consisting of some ten thousand persons,— several of them being men of recognised position > assembled to protest against an act which they regarded as one of desecration.— Many people, indeed, declare that they look upon, tbii celebration in Faneuil Hall as no less sacrilegious than was the act of the British troops who, before they were driven out of Boston, stabled their horses in the old South Church. The British demonstration f nevertheless, took place, but it derived all 4 its lustre from the place in which it was held for it was principally distinguished by the absence of all men of any standing in the city. It wa9, in a word a failure, and taken all in all, both in the manner in which it was promoted and that in which it was carried through, it only succeeded in bringing out into a stronger light the indignation that is at present felt in America against the English Government.

ATBOCIOUS DOINGS.

The evictions at Bodyke are described as surpassing ia barbarity any that had so far taken place in Ireland—even those at Glenbeigh. The tenants, however, made a brave resistance, and, what is particularly significant, by doing so, earned the commendation of several visitors from England who were looking on. The correspondent of the Pall Mall Gazette, who wag present, in particular showed himself most sympathetic, and, in one instance, interposed between a young girl and an Emergencyman, who was striking her with hia fist. For this, moreover, he was reprimanded by Colonel Turner, the officer in command, who said : " If you obstruct my men, sir, I'll have you put oat of this house directly." The girl who was ill-treated appears to have been by no m°ans daunted. Notwithstanding their struggle, the people were put out, and, adds Mr. Norman, the correspondent in question :—": — " Then there was a dramatic incident. No sooner was plucky Kate Macnamara in the open air than she sprang upon the ruins of her home beckoning for silence with her hand, and shouted slowly at the top of her voice • Three cheers for the Plan of Campaign.' I have never heard such cheers in my life." There was something, nevertheless, to be heard besides cheering, and sights were to be sf ei that differed from that of a young girl's bravery. There were helpless age and helpless infancy expressing themselves as they alone were able in lamentations and tears. From one house, also, a dying boy was cairied out, looking scared and pale, as, poor fellow, well he might. The danger arising from Buch sceneß, meantime, is explained in the following paragraph, which we take from a telegram to the Boston Pilot, dated, London, June 17 :—": — " Itia the wickedness of the landlord tortureß which has stirred up this revival of a mischief which we thought had been removed forever. Colonel O'Callagban's proceedings at Bodyke have proved too much for Mr Michael Davitt's patience. The brutal treatment of infants and old women by his minions and the hardly less ruffianly police was enough to test the patience of Job. Mr. Davitt, when the first foul day's work was done, delivered an impassioned speech, renouncing his former counsels of prudence and self-restraint, and approving of a policy of determined resistance to landlord brutality. He regretted that they were not in a position to make every house a fortress, as John Mitchel long ago recommended, and so make the work of eviction one only to be undertaken at the risk of human life. The regret finds a responsive echo in every manly heart in Ireland. . . . . In later speeches Mr Davitt explained that he did not counsel more than reasonable resistance ; but even in this he ia at variance with the other recognised leaders of the Irish people. ' : Bat ot tbc

spirit with which^P(|^^p>Bßible, every house would be defended as a fortress, we may judge by the conduct of the brave yonng fellow who came to a window at which the rifles of the police were pointed and called on them to fire

A PITEOUS CASE.

Hebe is a case which took place at Bodyke, as described by a correspondent of the Dublin Freeman's Journal. It may be taken as a typical one :— " The party, however, got inside, and then the tenant, who was very weak and emaciated»looking, was taken into custody. The parish priest of the district informed those around him that on the previous evening the poor man had not one half-penny to buy Indian meal for himself, his wife, and a family of eight helpless young children, the youngest of whom is only a year old. However, said the parish priest, an English gentleman who bad witnessed their abject poverty gave me two sovereigns for them, and there I have it now. The people cheered enthusiastically, Meanwhile the Emergencymen were at the work of demolition inside, and the little furniture were being broken. After some short time the inside was reached, and here were the poor mother and her eight little ones. First a child of about four years old, the poor little thing trembling with fear, with a worn pinched face ; then others of the children, and lastly the mother und her youngest little one were handed out through the aperture made by Bmergencymen and policemen to some police. men outside, The sight was a sad one to behold.

PREPARING FOB COERCION.

A telkgbam to the Pilot, dated London, June 13, runs as follows :: — •' In his speech at Scarifi, MrDavitt denied having counselled, in his recent speech at Bodyke, any farther resort to extreme violence. The people beiag without weapons such advice would have been criminal. He only maintained that it would be cowardly, when the Tories were actively carrying out a policy of extermination, not to Bhow every rational resistance. Such resistance would win the sympathy of a majority of the people of Great Britain, whose hearts were on the side of tenants defending their homesteads. He expected this wonld be the last meeting which he would have a chance to addreeß before the Coercion Act would again indulge him with the luxuries of a prison plank bed. Before going into political retirement for Bix months, he would give them this advice : • Boycott the Inquisition clauses of the Coercion Act, and welcome imprisonment rather than assist the Government to make the Act operative.' He ooncluded by denouncing the Land Bill as coming from a Government of landlords who were serving their own interests first, and Ireland's a long way after.

THB LANBDOWHE LEASE.

The lease that Denis Kilbride, the evicted Luggacurran tenant, had with Lord Lanedowne was published iv Montreal recently. In occupied nearly four columns of space. It provides that all improvements, no matter by whom made, belong to the landlord. Animals that run on the ground and birds that fly over it— the rotation of crops ; all these things are enumerated as the landlord's property, which the tenant has no right to use without his permission The most productive portion of the land is in pasture, aud the tenant is not allowed to break a sod. He can only cultivate the most difficult and ■terile part of the farm, and must not cut a twig without the landlord's consent. The tenant also covenants for his sub-tenants and tbeir action. Finally there is a bankruptcy clause which says that if he fails in any one of the terms of the lease he becomes bankrupt, and all he possesses passes to the landlord.

A DISTINGUISHED ECCLESIASTIC.

In our last issue we (Sydney Freeman* Journal, July 23), announced the temporary appointment to the Rectorship of St. John's College, of the Very Rev. Dr. Murphy. We learn this week that the permanent appointment has been accepted by the Very Rev. T>t. O'Brien, for several years Vice- President of All Hallows College, Dublin, and whose name, we understand, was second on the list of nominations to the Archbishopric of Melbourne. Dr. O'Brien was a student of tha Pope's Seminary in Home, ard had been a professor in All Hallows almost from his ordination. We congratulate the Catholics of the colony, and especially the friends of St. John's College, upon having secured the services as Rector of so distinguished a man. We need scarcely add that we wish the new Rector every success in his labours, and trust that under his auspices our University Catholic College, which has had to cope with so many difficulties, will flourish.

THE COST OP SECULARISM.

The Paris Figaro quotes some figures from the Temps showing the cost to France of secularism. In 1880 the staff of the public schools co9t seventy seven million francs : of which the State paid 20 millionß, the communes 37 millions, the departments 8 millions, and well-to-do parents Bixteen millions and a half. In 1886 the staff in question cost 98 million francs, of 75 millions fell upon the

State, — And that is not all. Toe increase in the staff — twentythousand additional teachers being desired— the increase of salaries, and the expenses of laicisation, let as foresee the quickly approaching moment at which the State must expend from 150 to 200 millions on the teaching staff. — The worst of it ia, adda the Figaro, that this mad expenditure does not seem to affect the average of intelligence or morality in France. The spread of instruction, which was to make crime disappear, on the contrary coincides with an increase of criminality and a full crop of offences. Whatever may be said, printed, or expected, it does not follow that the level of the current intelligence is elevated.

A MORIBUND SCHISM.

The " Old Catholic " synod was opened at Bonn on the ]st June. There were present only 25 priests ami 51 laymen from all parts of Germany. Among these were Professor Weber, of Breslau, and Professor Wattertcb, of Baden-Baden. So little importance seems to ba attached to this meeting, that the Kolnisohe Zeitung, the well-known anti-Catholic organ, and former champion of the " Old Catholics," dismisses the affair in a brief paragraph, under the head of " Miscellaneous news." In Austria the Minister of Public Worship has just forbidden the " Old Catholic " bishop, Reinkens, to confer confirmation on his flock at Vienna, who have been deprived of the rite for 17 years. Their synod will appeal to the law courts.

FULLT PREPARED.

AT a regular fortnightly meeting of the Irish. National League in Dublin, Tuesday, June 21, th« Lord Mayor, T. D. Sullivan, M.P., aad the editor of tbe Nation, made a speech. He said he believed they were on the eve of witnessing the suppression of the League under the operation of the Coercion Act ; bat the Parliamentary party would still be found acting for the League, and could not b 3 sap pressed. Timothy Harrington, M.P., Secretary of the League, in an address referred to the general idea prevailing, that the League should issue a manifesto directing the people how to meet the enforcement of coercion measures. They were, he said, prepared to meet the Coercion Act inch by inch. But he did not consider it wise, at this early stage, to tell their opponents just how they were going to fight tbe Act.

DEATH O* SIGNOE DEPRBTIS.

By the death of Signor Depretis, reported tbifl week from Europe, Italy loses a Statesman who, as politics run in that country, was reckoned a Conservative. He had, moreover shown himself desirous of the reconciliation with the Vatican which seems to be every day held more and more necessary for the preservation and welfare of the kingdom — Sigaor Depretis, declared recently that if all the Pope needed, ia order to come to terms, was as some people pretended, a strip of land running from the Vatican to the se&, and over which nuncios and ambassadors as they came or went might travel unimpeded, so that his intercourse with the outer Catholic world might be perfectly unimpeded, no difficulty would stand in the way. — Italy, he added, would gladly place at tha service of his Holiness two such strips of land. — He however, expressed his belief that reconciliation with the Papacy would involve much more than that, and, although he did not conceal his desire for such a reconciliation, he hardly showed himself very hopeful of it. — As a good will, nevertheless, generally facilitates the formation of opinions that may tend to bring about the realisation of what is desired, it seems to be a matter for regret that Depretis should hare died just at this juncture, when a good deal appears to depend on the disposition of Italian statesmen.

FLOWERS AT FUNEKALS.

The annual synod of .the diocese of Ghent, at its recent meeting took into consideration the fashion, becoming ever more prevalent in Belgium as else. where, of using wreaths and floweis at funerals. The synod, says the Flemish organ of the bishopric, has disapproved of their use at burials of adults, and expresses a desire that the practice may cease. Further, it strictly forbids their use at funerals I of ecclesiastics.

THE NEW APPOINTMENTS.

We (Sydney Freeman's Journal, July 23;, understand that the Briefs appointing all the new Bishops and erecting the new dioceses recommended by the Plenary Council have just been received by hia Eminence the Cardinal Archbishop. His Eminence, wo learn, is also ia receipt of the Palliums for the Archbishop of Adelaide and Brisbane. The consecration of Dr, Dunne, Bisliop-elect of Wilcannia, ia fixed for the 14th of August in the Goulburn Cathedral. His Eminence will be the Coneecrator. Archbishop Reynolds will receive the Pallium from the hands of His Eminence, in the Adelaide Cathedral on September 8.

A SIGNIFICANT SLIP.

The publicaticn by Father Tosti, the Vice-Archivist of the Vatican Library, of a pamphlet entitled " Conciliation," and in which he recommends, as a suitable celebration of the Pope's jubilee, that His Holiness ahould mak* an unconditional peace with Italy, and

surrender all his S^|^Kthe tsmporal Power, shoves us how, for lengthened perseveiance in any cause, unusual streno-th of mind is needed. Father Tosti, some 16 or 17 years ago, was of a very different opinion, and no man more than he condemned the usurpation of the Papal Stateß, There is nothing, however, very serious in the weakness now shown by him. He has at once submitted to tbe Holy Father, and we shall witness no obstinate adherence to mischievous opinions on his part. He is, after all, ouly an old man, desirous, as every priest should be, of seeing peace and harmony prevail, and, possibly induced also by bodily infirmity, modifyimg his opinions, more than he is warranted, by his wishes. We learn, however, as we said, that for even a passive resistance to be permanent and firm it requires a great degree of strength of mind, and we may, therefore, obtain a better view of the meaning of the attitude maintained without flincbine by the Pope. 6 J