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Phylloxera-resistant Stocks.

Viticulture.

The Terlandieri. THE Berlandieri are natives of a hot climate, and can withstand extremes of heat. They grow mainly on the limestone hills of Texas, where few other plants prosper. This species is the most lime-resistant of all the American vines, and supports drought conditions very well, indicating its use in the production of stocks which have to contend with dry soils containing a high percentage of lime. They do not prosper in marly and/or wet, cold soils. .The affinity for viniferas is excellent. Grape crops of vines grafted on the Berlandieri or Berlandieri hybrids are improved both in quantity, quality, and appearance, and the ripening of the grapes is advanced. During the first two or three years the Berlandieri and the hybrids develop their root systems more quickly than the upper part of the vines, which, however, catch up to that of other vines soon after that period and become very vigorous. One Disadvantage. A great impediment to the use of this otherwise desirable stock is that cuttings

(Continued from the November issue.)

of the pure species root with difficulty, not more than from five to ten cuttings out of a hundred forming roots. For this reason the most suitable varieties of the species are maintained almost entirely for the production of hybrids, aiming at combining their valuable qualities with those of other species without the faults of either. As with other hybrid vines, many thousands of seedlings have usually to be produced, grown, and tried out as stocks before a stock combining the desired qualities is obtained. A search among nursery records of the past has failed to reveal any mention of the introduction of any of the pure species of Berlandieri into New Zealand. There are several groups of Berlandieri differing slightly in minor details. One of the best of those selected from these is known as Berlandieri No. 2 Resseguier. Several hybrids of the. Berlandieri in which the following characteristics are noticeable have. been introduced : The tips of young, growing shoots are greenishbronze coloured or golden-yellow ; the leaves are entire, thick, rigid, hard, and fairly brilliant ; stiff bristles on the ribs on the under-side of the leaf ; the young

shoots are green to wine coloured ; and the older wood grey to brown and ribbed ; the canes are long and relatively of even thickness from base to summit ; it is of a creeping habit when no support available, and is a climber where support available. Cor difolia. This species is found growing throughout the centre of the United States of America from the great lakes to tropical Florida through many extremes of temperature and in rich and poor soils. It is of vigorous growth on various soils containing a high percentage of clay. It has a remarkable resistance to drought, but cannot stand much lime in the soil, in which case it suffers from chlorosis. It takes grafts easily but does not root well, although better in this respect than Berlandieri". It communicates to its hybrids its essential qualities-remarkable vigour, resistance to drought and to Phyloxera, being allotted eighteen points of resistance by Viala and Ravaz. The principal characteristics, according to Viala and Pechoutre, are as follow : Very vigorous vine of a climbing habit ;

trunk very thick ; young wood of the year brilliant and cinnamon in colour; flat nodes ; leaves entire, opening at once and of a reddish varnished appearance ;

adult leaves are heart-shaped, entire, and of medium size ; petiolar sinus deep and narrow ; teeth regular, large, and obtuse ; upper-surface dark-green, shining, and

smooth ; under-surface of a lighter green and more varnished in appearance.

-J. C.

Woodfin, Vine and Wine

Instructor, Te Kauwhata

This article text was automatically generated and may include errors. View the full page to see article in its original form.
Permanent link to this item

https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/periodicals/NZJAG19381220.2.88

Bibliographic details

New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, Volume 57, Issue 6, 20 December 1938, Page 541

Word Count
609

Phylloxera-resistant Stocks. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, Volume 57, Issue 6, 20 December 1938, Page 541

Phylloxera-resistant Stocks. New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, Volume 57, Issue 6, 20 December 1938, Page 541

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