EXPORT OF APPLES AND PEARS, 1927 SEASON.

New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, Volume XXXIV, Issue 1, 20 January 1927, Page 63

EXPORT OF APPLES AND PEARS, 1927 SEASON.

i. CONDITIONS OF GOVERNMENT GUARANTEE. Conditions for the Government guarantee on shipments of apples and pears made from New Zealand during the 1927 export season are as follows : 1. The guarantee shall be limited to approved varieties and classes of apples and pears packed in compliance with the requirements of Extra Fancy and “ Fancy ” grades. 2. The Government guarantees to the grower a gross market price of ns. 6d. per case on all cases of such apples and pears exported by him in accordance with the conditions set out. herein. (With respect to South American markets the gross price shall be considered to be the c.i.f. price, plus is. 6d. per case sellingcharges.) ' ' 3. The guarantee shall be limited to apples and pears grown and shipped (otherwise than under an f.o.b. contract) by bona fide fruitgrowers or fruitgrowers’ co-operative societies, through the New Zealand Fruit-export Control Board or other channels approved by the Minister of Agriculture. 4. Any grower who exports any portion of his fruit crop outside the guarantee shall be deemed to have forfeited his right to participate, in the guarantee with respect to all fruit exported during the season by him or on his behalf, save that any grower, if he so desires, may ship the whole' of his pears outside the guarantee without prejudice to his apple shipments under the guarantee, and vice versa. 5. All apples and pears to qualify for the guarantee must be passed by an Inspector of the Department, and must be packed in accordance with the Export Regulations, subject to the modifications and directions set out in the appended statement entitled “ Export Regulations.” ' 6. Payment of claims under the guarantee shall be calculated on the basis of the average gross price per case received by the claimant for the whole of the apples and pears approved under the guarantee and exported on his account during the season to all markets, and only the deficiency between the average gross price realized for such fruit and 11s. 6d. shall be payable under the guarantee. 7. Where, however, apples or pears of more than one variety and supplied by more than one grower are exported by a joint packing company or group in its own name, the guarantee shall be calculated separately in respect of the whole of the fruit supplied for export by each grower, on the basis of the pool price received for each variety supplied by him ; provided that the joint packing company or group shall have, not later than seven days after the fruit has been shipped from New Zealand, notified to the Director of the Horticulture Division full particulars of each grower’s fruit included in each shipment. 8. The Government reserves to itself the right (a) to withhold the guarantee from any grower who, in the opinion of the Director of the Horticulture Division, is not satisfactorily grading out, and exporting separately, his “ Extra Fancy and “ Fancy ” grade fruits ; (6) to withhold from any grower the guarantee with respect to any variety of “ Fancy ” grade fruit in the event of the Director of the Horticulture Division being satisfied that such grower is not shipping a reasonable proportion of his “ Extra Fancy ” grade fruit of that variety ; (c) to withhold the guarantee from any grower who sells, except for consumption within New Zealand, any portion of his fruit crop without the approval of the Director of the Horticulture Division ; (d) to limit the quantity of fruit shipped to any particular port should freight rates or market conditions, &c., be deemed unsatisfactory; (e) to insist on fruit being precooled prior to shipment if deemed necessary ; (/) to withhold _the privileges of the guarantee from all fruit shipped in vessels the storage facilities of which are held by the Department to be unsatisfactory ; (g) to withhold the privileges of the guarantee with respect to any market in connection with which the New Zealand Fruit-export Control Board is of the opinion that satisfactory f.o.b. or c.i.f. trade is or can be established ; (A) to withhold the guarantee with respect to any fruit packed contrary to such instructions as may be issued by the Department of Agriculture, after discussion with the accredited representative

of the Fruit Control Board and the shipping agents of the fruitgrowers concerned, calling for a cessation of packing during any specified period, owing to the lack of shipping facilities .or other . causes. • . > . ... 9. The Government reserves the right to re-examine and to withdraw any fruit from export in the event of such re-examination indicating that by reason of over-maturity or other cause inimical to the keeping-qualities of the fruit it would be inadvisable to allow such fruit to be exported. All fruit so withdrawn may be disposed of in New Zealand by the owner without reference to the guarantee, or by the Government on behalf of the owner. In the latter event the proceeds will be credited to the owner, and the transaction dealt with generally as though the fruit had been actually exported under the guarantee. But should such re-examination reveal the fact that any line of fruit, through careless or faulty packing, is decidedly below the standard required, it will be deemed not to be covered by the guarantee, and the owner of such fruit may, at the option of the Minister, be held to have forfeited all right to participate in the guarantee for the remainder of the season. (N.B. —No apples or pears carrying more than one hundredth part of a grain of arsenic per pound shall be approved for export under the guarantee or otherwise.) 2. EXPORT REGULATIONS. The following regulations shall apply to all fruitapples and/or pears, as the case may —intended for export under the Government guarantee, 1927 : APPLE GRADES AND VARIETIES. The standard grades shall be as follows : “ Extra Fancy ” Grade. — Apples of this grade shall be mature, sound, smooth, clean, well formed, hand-picked, true to name, and free from disease, visible bitterpit, skin-puncture, or skin broken at stem, and other defects. Slightly blemished apples may be included in this grade provided that no individual apple shall have more than 5 per cent, of its surface affected thereby. Apples affected by unnatural russet may also be included in this grade provided that no individual . apple shall have more than 5 per cent, of its surface affected thereby. The individual apples of solid, red, partial red, and striped varieties shall carry not less than 65 per cent., 40 per cent., and 25 per cent, respectively of good typical colour. The individual apples of yellow or green varieties shall be of good characteristic colour. “ Fancy ” Grade.— Apples of this grade shall be mature, sound, smooth, clean, well formed, hand-picked, true to name, and free from disease, visible bitter-pit, skin-puncture, or skin broken at stem, and other defects. Slightly blemished apples may be included in this grade provided that no individual apple shall have more than 5 per cent, of its surface affected thereby. Apples affected by unnatural russet may also be included in this grade provided that no individual apple shall have more than 10 per cent, of its surface affected thereby. The individual apples of solid red, partial red, and striped varieties shall carry not less than 30 per cent., 15 per cent., and 10 per cent, respectively of good typical colour. The individual apples of yellow or green varieties shall be of good characteristic colour.

The standing of the New Zealand apple trade in England has been detrimentally affected by the large number of varieties shipped each season, many of which represent a few cases only, whilst others are not at all suitable for the market. .All those that have been shipped in small quantities, unless specially favoured, will not be again accepted, and therefore do not appear on this season’s export list. These include Allington Pippin, Baldwin, Blenheim Orange, Cambridge Pippin, Commerce, Crofton, Duke of Clarence, Golden Russet, Horn, John Sharp, Sharp’s Late Red, and Wagner. Apart from these the list still includes a number of more or less unsuitable varieties, such as Alfriston, Boston Russet, Brownlee’s Russet, Golden Pippin, Hoover, London Pippin, Parlin’s Beauty, Salome, Shepherd’s Perfection, Edward Lippiatt, Pioneer, Premier, Ribston Pippin, Scarlet Pearmain, Stark. Orchardists who are growing these varieties are strongly advised to work them over with more suitable kinds as early as possible, and in this connection are requested to note that year by year this list will be referred to and notice given that a certain number of the varieties named will not be unproved for export after a stated period. In pursuance of this intention notice is now given that those varieties marked * will not be accepted for export after the season of 1929.

(N.B. The aforementioned maximum and minimum sizes refer to Canadian case packs ; but, as this case when packed with the necessary bulge (f in. top and bottom) holds more apples of any given size than the normally packed New Zealand standard case, the maximum and minimum number of apples in reference to the latter case shall be the next lower packing count, as shown on the New Zealand standard-case packing-chart, to those set out above as the maximum and minimum sizes of each variety.) REGISTERED EXPORT NUMBER. The registered number issued to all growers under the Local-market Regulations will be declared to be the grower’s registered export number also. The registered number of each grower must be branded on each case of fruit exported by him ; provided that in the event of any group of growers pooling their fruit for export such group may designate its fruit by using any pool number allotted by the New Zealand Fruit-export Control Board. Likewise any packing organization to which a registered number has been allotted may use such registered number only, provided that in either instance each individual grower’s fruit is shown separately on the advice-note for examination, and stacked in separate lots, so that the Inspector may have no difficulty in identifying the particular lot under examination. Should unavoidable circumstances prevent the adoption of this procedure, resulting in a line comprising a large number of cases being submitted as one line, it must be definitely understood that the examination of same will be solely at the grower’s risk, and in the event of any fruit, forming a portion of the line being found to be unsatisfactory the whole line will be liable to rejection. PACKING. Plain or corrugated strawboard or wood-wool shall be used on top and bottom of cases. WRAPPING-PAPER. Apples of the various sizes as set out below shall be wrapped in paper of the size indicated opposite each respectively : Sizes 64’s to So’s (both inclusive), paper 11 in. by 11 in. Sizes 88’s to 113’s (both inclusive), paper 10 in. by 10 in. Sizes 125’s to 198’s (both inclusive), • paper 9 in. by 9 in. Sizes id’s to 234’s (both inclusive), paper 8 in. by 8 in. In the event of the size of the paper used being smaller than that specified above for any respective size of apples, such apples shall be double-wrapped by overlapping two papers.

SPECIFICATION OF EXPORT CASE. . CANADIAN STANDARD. Inside measurements: io| in. by n|in. by 18 in. Ends: io| in. by ujin. by fin., two pieces (each planed on the outer side). Sides io in. by 19J in. by -fa in., two pieces (one board for each side). Tops and bottoms : 5J- in. by 191- in. by in., four pieces (two each for top and bottom). Cleats: in. by fin. by in., four pieces (one across each end both top and bottom). The Canadian standard case has been substituted for the New Zealand standard case for export purposes, but any grower having timber on hand of the New Zealand standard measurements may use cases constructed of such timber for the 1927 season only. Apart from this provision the specifications of the Canadian export case shall be strictly adhered to. Local timber recommended for the construction of export cases is whitepine of good quality; but Pimts insignis, mu, and beech timber, if well ’and evenly cut and used, with flexible white-pine tops and bottoms, will be accepted. Nailing : Nails used to be not less than if in. long, 14 gauge. Nails to be spaced not more than 3 in. apart, and the outer nails of each board to be not more than r in. from the edge of board. Strapping : All cases to be strapped with a wire or steel band; such strapping to be tightly applied, and to be not more than 1 in. from end of case. . LABELLING AND MARKING. Each end of each case of fruit intended for export must bear a coloured label of one or other of the designs adopted by the New Zealand Fruit-export Control Board for the purpose of designating “ Extra Fancy ” and “ Fancy ” grades. The marking of cases shall be in accordance with the previous season’s requirements. PEARS.

PEAR PACKAGES. Pears for export shall be packed in wooden trays having an inside measurement of iif in. by 18 in., with depth from 2J in. to 3 in. Each tray to be complete with lid and label. Three trays to be securely wired together, forming one package. Binding-wires to be placed within 1 in. of each end of the package. In the construction of trays on the basis of sets of three to the package the following is recommended : Bottom of bottom tray and top of top tray to be of two pieces, each 5-J in. by -fg- in. Tops and bottoms in all other instances to be of two pieces, each 5-.} in. by in. Middle tray to have cleats across each end both top and bottom, thus requiring four cleats, . in. by in. by iifin. Constructed in this way any bulge that takes place is inward, owing to the timber being lighter than the outer tops and bottoms. At the same time any such bulge is protected by the cleats, which also keep the trays apart, thus allowing for free ventilation.

Specification of Trays in Sets of Three. Ends : in. by 3 in. (or 2J in.) by f in., six pieces. Sides : 19J in. by 2| in. by -jf in., six pieces. Tops and bottoms : 19J in. by 5J- in. by in., four pieces. Tops and bottoms : 191 in. by 5| in. by in., eight pieces. Cleats : n| in. by f in. by in., four pieces. Labels for Trays. Special labels for use on pear-trays have been prepared, and will be procurable from the New Zealand Fruitgrowers’ Federation. MINIMUM CONSIGNMENT. Twenty cases of any one variety of either apples or pears shall be ■ the minimum consignment accepted for export. .

Grade. Colour. Maximum Defects. Solid Red. Partial Red. Striped. Yellow or Green. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Extra Fancy Per Cent. 65 Per Cent. 40 Per Cent. 25 Good characteristic colour 5 per cent, blemish; 5 per cent, unnatural russet. Fancy 30 ' 15 IO Good characteristic colour 5 • per cent, blemish; 10 per cent, unnatural russet.

The principal requirements of the above grades are as set out below:-

Max. Size. Variety. ■ Min. Size. Max. Size. ’Variety. 1 j Min. Size. Solid Red Varieties. IOO 1 Hoover .. .. 216 113 ewood . . 216 113 McIntosh Red ■ .. 216 IOO | Tasma . . . . 216 Partial Red Varieties. Varieties. 113 Brighton . . 216 113 Scarlet Nonpareil 234 113 Delicious . . • .. 216 113 Scarlet Pearmain* 216 113 Dougherty . . 216 113 Shepherd’s Perfection. . 216 113 Edward Lippiatt* 216 113 Shorland Queen 216 113 Frimley Beauty 216 IOO Spitzenberg .'. 216 113 J onathan 234 113 Stark* 216 113 King David . . 234 113 Worcester Pearmain . . 216 IOO Rome Beauty 216 113 Yates 234 113 Salome ■ .. 216 Striped Varieties. 113 Adams Pearmain 216 ■ 113 Senator 216 125 Cox’s Orange 234 113 Simmonds Winter 216 IOO Premier* . . 216 113 Statesman 216 125 Ribston Pippin* 216 113 Stayman Winesap 216 Yellow or Green Varieties. IOO Alfriston . . . . 198 113 Gravenstein . . 216 IOO Ballarat 180 IOO London Pippin 198 IOO Boston Russet 216 IOO Lord Wolseley 198 113 McMahon’s White 198 113 Brownlee’s Russet Brownlee’s Russet 216 216 113 113 McMahon’s White 216 113 Celo .. ■ .. 216 113 Newtown Pippin 216 113 Cleopatra . . . . 234 IOO Parlin’s Beauty . . 198 too Dunn’s ■ . . 198 113 Pioneer* 216 113 Golden Pippin 216 113 Sturmer 234 113 Grannie Smith 234 113 Willie Sharp. . . . 198

APPROVED FOR EXPORT TO EUROPE.

Max. Size. Variety. Min. Size. Max. Size. Variety. Min. Size. ■ • ■ Solid. lied Varieties. 96 Rokewood . . 125 ' 72 Tasma *25 Partial Red Varieties. 72 Delicious 125 88 Salome . . .. 125 80 Dougherty 125 88 Scarlet Nonpareil . . 125 96 Jonathan .. T25 96 ’ Shorland Queen 125 96 King David . . 125 90 Spitzenberg . . 125 72 Rome Beauty 125 96 Stark* . . ■ 125 Striped Varieties. 80 Premier* 125 1 80 Stayman Winesap *25 96 Statesman 125 1 Yellow or Green Varieties. 96 Cleopatra 125 1 ■ 72 Dunn’s 125

APPROVED FOR EXPORT TO SOUTH AMERICA. "Extra Fancy” grade apples only shall be approved for these markets.

Max. Size. Variety. Min. Size. Max. Size. Variety. Min. Size. In. X In. In. In. In. In. In. 2 t Josephine de Malines . . 21 2-3. Winter Cole . . 2-1 ?3 Z 4 P. Barry 21 o 3 Winter Nelis . . 2-1 o 4 P. Barry Packham’s Triumph 2 I 21 o 3 Winter Nelis .. 2 1 ■ ..

Varieties approved for export to Europe:-