FRUIT-CANNING.

New Zealand Journal of Agriculture, Volume VI, Issue 1, 15 January 1913, Page 60

FRUIT-CANNING.

'The importance of being in a position to profitably dispose of fresh fruit in times of congestion of suppliesto relieve fresh-fruit markets and thereby maintain values—and of meeting the steadily increasing demand for canned or preserved fruit, makes the establishment of canning-factories a necessity. The value of the bottled and tinned fruit imported into the Dominion last year was £42,873, whilst fruitpulp to the value, roughly, of £2,000 was also imported. Fruitcanning is not only an excellent means of maintaining payable prices for the crop, but can be made a stable business ensuring remunerative values. The canning, however, must be conducted on proper principles. . The first essential is a proper and well-equipped building. Hence the publication of the following plans and specifications, prepared by Mr. R. B. Grange, M.1.M.E., Consulting Engineer, of Wellington. In submitting the plans, Mr. Grange writes, “ The specifications clearly set forth the details of the buildings and also of the plant. The prices are attached to the . latter, but as an estimate for the erection of the buildings as per specification it is calculated to cost about £2,000, built entirely in wood. If the engine-room, tinsmith’s shop, and can-store are to be built in brick it will cost about £l5O extra. In. the writer’s opinion the extra cost will be amply repaid, insomuch as the insurance on the buildings would be materially reduced and in a very short time would more than repay the extra expenditure.”

SPECIFICATION OF LABOUR AND MATERIAL REQUIRED IN THE ERECTION AND COMPLETION OF A SMALL FRUIT - CANNERY.

Excavation. — Excavate trenches for foundations, piles, &c., as shown on drawings, or deeper should same be necessary to secure a good solid bottom ; also for all drains from W.C.s, &c. Retain the best of the material excavated, and fam well round foundation and piles as the work proceeds. ' .

Concrete.— All concrete footings, sills, &c., to be composed of five parts clean aggregate and one part ■of best approved cement, mixed dry and turned over twice dry, carefully wetted from a rose, and again turned over twice before throwing into trenches or other parts. Footings, &c., sizes as shown. All concrete to be measured in proper gauge-boxes and properly mixed on approved mixing-boards. All cement must be in the best possible condition. Stones to be not larger than will pass a 2-in.-diameter ring, with the smaller stone left in, mixed with Sufficient sand to completely fill the voids between stones. Concrete in floors to be composed of four parts clean shingle and sand and one part approved Portland cement as above. Shingle in floors to pass a 1-in.-diameter ring. Concrete floors to be finished with fin. of cement and sand in •equal proportions, trowelled smooth.

Urinals to be formed, as shown with brick on edge; partitions, corners, and angles to be rounded off, and channel sloped to gully. The walls round same to a height of

3 ft. 6 in. to be built up in brick, and the whole plastered with cement and sand, equal parts, finished with a layer of neat, cement. Floor as shown to be of concrete, rendered ■as specified, laid to fall to channel.

Filling.— Fill in with approved material under all concrete floors, care being taken that all filling is well rammed and consolidated.

Boxing.— Supply and fix all necessary boxing for concrete of sufficient strength for the various.requirements. ■ -

Damp-course.- Provide and lay two-ply Malthoid or other approved damp-course ■on all brick walls below concrete floor, and under bottom-plate level, painted on both •sides with P. and B. paint properly bedded. All laps to be wide and well cemented.

Brickwork. — All bricks to be sound, well burned, wire-cut, of approved quality; to be laid in hydraulic-lime mortar, one-third lime and two-thirds clean, sharp sand, free from loam or vegetable matter. Work to be carried out in a bond of three courses ■of stretchers and one course of headers, with Ajax or other approved brick bonding, •equal to one strand to each 4 in. thickness of wall and every eight courses in height, ■commencing four courses above damp-course. Also lay similar bonding under all sills and over openings. All joints in brickwork to be neatly struck inside. All bricks to be thoroughly wetted before being laid. Build in concrete pads, four courses thick, 2 ft. long under all 1 beams. Build in coke-breeze bricks where necessary or as directed.

Arches.— Turn arches over all window and door openings in three rings of brick. Build out or recede for all offsets for plates, &c., and bed all plates and other timbers that may be necessary.

Grouting.- -Grout well and make solid all brickwork at every course with liquid 'hydraulic-lime mortar. Build in all anchors, wall-plates, bolts, &c., as shown or necessary.

Cement-plaster all external exposed brickwork in two coats of cement, ■finished not less than J in. thick, two parts sand and one of cement, and neatly finished off with cement and sand, one to one.

Door-rails. —Provide and fix 14-lb.-per-yard steel rails as shown on plans.

Carpenter and Joiner.

All carpenters’ and joiners’ work to be of the best description, and executed in a thoroughly workmanlike manner, including all necessary mortising, tenoning, halving, pinning, scarfing, centring, housing, and other requisite work. All timbers to be of the best description of their respective kinds, sound and dry, free from large or loose knots ■or other imperfections, to be cut die-square, and to hold full sizes specified, and figured when finished.

Roofs. — Construct roofs as shown on detail and plans, and of the dimensions thereon. Form box gutters as shown, the sides or bearers to be 2 in. thick, and bottom 1 in. to rest on, and secured to fillets nailed to sides laid to fall. Purlins 6 in. by 2 in. ; each alternate purlin where abutting brickwork to be strapped at ends and anchored to same.

Skylights to have Hope’s or other approved glazing-bars spaced not more than 2 ft. centres, as per plans. All roof-timbers to be Oregon or heart rimu. Skylights over engine-room, can-store, and tinsmith’s shop to be Wade’s patent skylight of the sizes shown.

Floor-timbers, &c.— Sleeper-blocks to be 8 in. by 8 in., let 18 in. into solid ground, heart totara or jarrah, spaced as shown on plans. ,

Sleepers and stringers to be 6 in. by 3 in. by 6 in. by 2 in. respectively, heart totara ■or jarrah.

Bottom plates to be 6 in. by 3 in. heart totara or jarrah.

Floor-'joists to be heart rimu, 6 in. by 2 in., at 18 in. centres.

Flooring.'- Cover the whole of the interior floors (coloured yellow on plans) with ■6 in. by 1 in. T. and G. heart matai, double-nailed at each joist, closely cramped ; boards to be in as long lengths as possible, and butt joints scattered. Barge-boards, -fascias, and -boards to be 8 in. by in., with cavetto under .cover-piece, all of dressed totara. -

. Partitions. — Studs 5 in. by 2 in., at 18 in. centres, opening studs 5 in. by 3 in. Posts under principals in partitions 5 in. by 5 in., top plate 5 in. by 2 in., all diagonally braced at all available spaces with 4 in. by 2 in. solid bracing. Studs let into plates in., all securely spiked. All heart 'rimu.

Lining.— Line all wooden partitions and walls not otherwise specified on the inside with 6 in. by 1 in. T. and G. wrought rimu lining, closely fitted and. well nailed. Line the walls and ceilings of offices, walls of ladies’ dressing-room, lavatories, and W.C.s

with 6 in. by -jin. T.G. and V-jointed heart-rimu boards, closely cramped and doublenailed.

Stops and facings to be 6 in. by 1 in. heart totara.

Windows.— Window-frames in offices, ladies’ dressing-room, W.C.s, and urinals tobe of heart totara of the ordinary pulley-frame type. Sills to be double- 3 in. thick; styles and heads to be 1 in. ; all framed and fitted together with 2 in. hearttotara bars and sashes as shown. • All sashes to be hung with best sash-cords running through brass-faced axle-pulleys. Windows to have finger-lifts and fasteners, value 2s. per window. Combined louvres and windows to be fixed in all apartments as shown, both to be fixed, also continuous louvres in centre bays between principals of roof over processing and preserving room. Louvres to be 1 in. dressed totara, grooved into 6 in. by 3 in. studs | in. Studs to be at 2 ft. centres. Window and louvre frames to be 5 in. by 3 in., with 3 in. weathered and throated sills.

Wrought-iron window-frames. — Provide and fix wrought-iron window-frames, &c., as shown,‘ in tinsmith’s shop, can-store, and engine-room. Section of bar, about If in. by 1 in. Portion to be made to open as shown on plans, fitted with approved opener, &c.

Doors.— All external sliding-doors to be 2 in. thick, framed, lodged, and braced ; doors clad on the outside with T. and G. and V 6 in. by 1 in. boards carefully cramped, and double-nailed at each bearing; all to be of totara. Doors to be provided with all the necessary antifriction rollers, runners, stops, guides, &c-., and to be secured with stout approved galvanized-iron hasp staples and padlocks fitted with three keys to each lock. All internal sliding-doors to be 2 in. thick, as above, of heart rimu. Doors where shown on plans to be fireproof according to the requirements of the Fire Underwriters’ Association. , All external hung doors to be 2 in. by 6 ft. 10 in. by 2 ft. 10 in., framed ledged, and braced, hung with three 4 in. cast butt hinges to 2 in. rebated jambs, and fitted with furniture to the value of 6s. per door, all heart totara. W.C. doors and doors in ladies’ dressing-room to be If in. thick, framed, ledged, and braced, &c., as above, of heart rimu.

Verandahs. — The verandahs to be constructed of totara as shown, with 6 in. by 6 in. posts, 4 in. by 4 in. brackets, 8 in. by 6 in. top rail, 5 in. by 2 in. rafters, &c., as shown on plans. Form steps as shown with 2 in. strings, 1J in. treads. Front edge of verandah to be rounded off with small cavetto under.

Architraves to be 5 in. by | in. plain heart rimu.

Lavatory basins to have 1 in. kauri tops supported on suitable framework.

Nosings.— Put to all windows so requiring 1| in. rounded nosings, returned at ends.

Cover all roofs, except where glazed, with 24-gauge galvanized corrugated iron (approved brand), secured with 2| in. lead-headed nails at alternate corrugations. Sheets to lap 8 in. on horizontal and two corrugations on vertical joints.

Outside covering for walls. — Cover all walls so requiring on outside with 24-gauge iron as above, to lap 8 in. on vertical joints, and two corrugations horizontal joints.

Ridges and hips.— All ridging and hips to be covered with 24-gauge iron, not less than 20 in. girth. -

Flashings. flashings to be 5 lb. lead, thoroughly dressed into corrugations, and where abutting brickwork to be stepped, to go 1 in. into brickwork, metal-keyed, and cement-pointed, ■

Gutters. — Gutters as shown to be lined with 24-gauge galvanized iron having not less than 6 in. lap at joints, which shall be double-riveted and double-soldered and laid with proper falls.

Downpipes, &c. — Properly framed and boxed hoppers to be made where required, lined and dressed with 6 lb. lead, allowing for the rain-water to be taken away where required or as decided. Flashing at apex on top of skylights to be carried well up, bent over, and turned down, to prevent drift. Downpipes, twelve in number, to be 4 in. diameter, 24-gauge galvanized iron, secured with approved holdfasts, and provided with necessary lead swan-necks from spoutings. Cast-iron shoes to all downpipes.

Wash-basins. Supply and fix in positions shown enamelled lavatory basins, value 15s. each, fitted with brass chains, brass plugs, and washers, &c., complete, and fix over same | in. H.P. brass taps.

W.C.s, &c. Provide and fix as shown W.C.s, with all necessary approved flushingcisterns, 3 gallons each; pedestal pans (approved), with hinged seats; all connected to drains, and provided with the necessary Buchan trap, sewer-vent and terminal ditto. Drainpipes of best socketed and glazed earthenware, cement-jointed, and provided with the necessary cleaning-eyes, and all laid to proper falls.

Spouting.— Spouting to be 5 in. ogee, put up with patent galvanized-wire clip brackets at every 3 ft. apart. •

Water-supply.— Connect with J in. galvanized-iron piping to all lavatory basins and cisterns.

Waste-pipes.— All lavatory-basins to be properly 2 in. lead-trapped ; wastes taken out to gully-traps with 2 in. galvanized-iron water-pipes.

Cistern, &c., over urinal.— Fix over urinal an approved 3-gallon flush cistern, with stout brass chain and porcelain pull and the necessary copper ball, tap, &c. Connect same to urinals with J in. galvanized-iron piping. Piping round urinals to be perforated.

Ventilators to be Turner’s Incessant or other approved type.

Painter and Glazier.

Paint all external woodwork and doors four coats, including priming coat, best Hubbock’s or Champion’s white-lead in oil in approved tints. Paint all joinery work four coats.

Glazing.— Roof-lights and skylights to be glazed with Hartley’s patent rough plate glass. Windows to be glazed with 16 oz. British sheet glass, carefully sprigged and puttied.

SPECIFICATION FOR MACHINERY REQUIRED FOR CANNERY CAPABLE OF TURNING OUT 4,000 CANS PER DAY, IN 2 lb., 4 lb., AND 6 lb. . SIZES.

Most of the machinery is of Australian manufacture, and the freights will have to be added to the appended list to whatever seaport is nearest from Sydney. £ s. d.

1 No. 1 inclinable power press for stamping the caps .. .. .. 35 0 0 1 No. 2 inclinable power press for stamping the tops and bottom . . .. 48 0 O'

1 22 in. treadle guillotine shear . . .. .. . . ..1700

1 No. 1 power curving-rollers .. .. .. .. . . 810 0

1 No. 2 vertical double-headed crimper, with heads for 2 lb. cans .. .. 22 0 0

Extra pair of heads each for 4 lb. and 6 lb. cans, at £1 per pair .. . . 2 0 0

1 complete set of dies for stamping tops, bottoms, and caps of 2 lb. tins .. 810 0

1 complete set of dies for stamping tops, bottoms, and caps of 4 lb. tins .. 10 0 0 1 complete set of dies for stamping tops, bottoms, and caps of 6 lb. tins .. 12 10 0 1 six-head capping-machine .. .. .. . . . . . . 25 0 0

1 solder cylinder, treadle, and stand for 2 lb. tins . . . . ..300

1 solder cylinder, treadle, and stand for 4 lb. tins .. .. .. 3 0 O'

1 solder cylinder, treadle, and stand for 6 lb. tins .. ■ . . .. 3 0 0

1 power air-compressor .. .. .. . . . . .. 16 0 0

1 air-reservoir tank, with safety-valve ’ ... .. .. .. 3 10 0

2 gas-fire pots for solder-iron heating, at £3 10s. each . . . . . . 7 0 0

2 gas-heating stands to take rotary jokers, at £3 10s. each . . . . 7 0 0

2 rotary jokers, each fitted with heads for 2 lb. cans, at £3 15s. each . . 7-10 0

Extra heads for 4 lb. and 6 lb. cans, 12s. per set . . . . . . 2 8 0

2 cooling-baths .. .. .. .. . . .. ~ 20 0 0

1 testing plant, single tins . . . . .. . . . . .. 25 0 0

1 12 h.p. oil-engine .. .. . . . . . . . . 150 0 0

1 12 h.p. vertical boiler complete .. . . .. . . . . 90 0 0

4 processing-baths .. .. .. . . .. . . . . 56 0 0

2 100 lb. steam jacketed boilers .. . . . . . . .. 70 0 0

4 processing-crates .. ' . . ' ..- . . . . . . . . ■lO 0 0

2 apple-parers, “ Power ” .. .. .. . . .. ..800

Pitting-machines, knives, scales, scoops, skimmers, thermometers; tubs, &c.. 15 0 0

Shafting, pulleys, belting, &c. .. .. . . . .... 80 0 0

Pulley-blocks and overhead traveller .. .. .. ..1500

Tramway and trolly .. ... .. .. .. . . 20 0 -0

Erection and fitting up .. . . . . . . . . .. 60 0 0

Office furniture and safe . . . . . . . . . . 40 0 0