How to Bring Up Baby.

New Zealand Graphic, Volume XLVII, Issue 12, 20 March 1912, Page 59

How to Bring Up Baby.

(By

HYGEIA.)

Published under the uuspices of the Society for the Health of Women and Children. is wiser to put up a fence at the top o fa precipice than to maintain an ambulance at the bottom."

THE TYRANNY OF HABITS. At the dawn of life it is easier to mould a child into good habits than into bad, but once bad habits have been formed it may be extremely difficult to eradicate them—indeed, in spite of all we can do, the child may lose not only its health and strength, but may even lose its life owing to the persistence of habits which undermine vitality and the restiveness of the organism. One of the most striking instances in this connection is what Darwin tells us as to his experiments with certain insects. I cannot at the moment recall the details, but the essential point was as follows :—ln Nature the insects in question lived on certain leaves and grew apace—say it was the paper-mul-berry. Darwin started them on other leaves instead—say lettuce leaves. Once the insects had acquired a taste for the wrong leaves they would eat nothing else. Nothing would induce them to go back to their natural food, though the wrong food did not nourish them properly and led invariably to their premature death. My readers will realise how closely this accords with wh-at may Lake place in the case of children who are allowed to drift into the practice of “earth-eating’’ or other abnormal habits. The following concluding remarks Quoted from Dr. Still further illustrate the subject. Dr. Still on Morbid Habits in Children. “Stewart H., aged one year and a-half, was brought because for the last two months he had taken to eating mud, hearth-stone, bits of brick, soap, or ‘anything he can get hold of.’ He was particularly fond of the white plaster off toy horses. “His appetite for normal food was bad. The bowels had been constipated, and occasionally after eating such things as those mentioned he retched. “The child was very irritable, and during the persistence of the dirt-eating habit he had begun to sleep badly, talking in his sleep and starting up in terror at night. He was intelligent, and showed no signs of disease, except some rickets. Three months later he was taken to Scotland, with the result that his general health improved greatly, and his appetite became good, and he lost his craving for unnatural food altogether. “Mud and mortar .seem to be special favourites with these children. Coal, cinders, and gravel were also mentioned in some of the cases. In nine out of my 14 cases the habit began in the second year of life. In one only it began in the first year (at eight months); in two it began in the fourth year. “Now, what is the significance of this curious perversion of appetite. As I have mentioned, there was nothing in any of the cases to which I have referred to suggest anv mental defieienev. Imbeciles often show a similar habit of dirt-eating, but in them it is less strange, for it is associated usuallv with an extreme degree of mental deficiency. “Some light is thrown unon the noint bv the disorders w>th which idea is associated. It goe«. T think, in the maior'tv of case® with definite indications of the ‘nervous’ temneramont. Ono child I had seen a few months earl’er for spasmodic nodding, another a few months .affov the piea ceased was attended for wetting the bed. another aiibseononflv developed stuttering and somnambulism. others like the cases T have mentioned, show an abnormal passfonatenc.se nr excitebilitv. “No doubt, those nervous svmntoms are aggravated bv more or less Alecsl’ve disturbance set no b” the aheaemil material eaten, bnt. T think that ‘be development of other norvnns filsovAevs, In lame cmm after the pica has entirely

ceased, and the family history in others, go to prove that the nervousness is partly at least cause rather than effect. “In almost all cases the appetite for ordinary food is extremely poor—in fact, it is often this rather than the dirt-eating which excites the mother's anxiety. The abdomen is usually large, the stools sometimes contain mucus, and the bowels are costive or irregular. “It is natural enough that such symptoms should be induced by the indigestible substances eaten; but in some cases it has seemed to me clear that there was digestive disturbances before this habit began, and I suspect that this is so in the majority of cases, and that the subsequent discomfort, hardly felt as such perhaps by the child, plays some part in exciting the habit of dirt-eating in a nervous child. This is confiilned, I think, by the effect of treatment. The duration of the habit is often months, or even some years, if no special measures are taken for its cure. Treatment. “The first essential in treatment is to prevent the child obtaining the dirt, coal, mortar, or other injurious substance for which it craves; the second is to improve its general health, especially its digestion. “There is no part of the treatment more valuable than a few weeks at a bracing seaside place, or if this is not attainable at some high-standing, breezy, inland country-place. At the same time, it will be necessary to aid digestion by the most careful dieting, and care must be taken that the food is not such as to set up fermentation in the bowel, or to keep up a mucous catarrh by its irritating residue. I need not repeat here what I have alreadv said elsewhere on thes tibject of feeding and indigestion. These cases of pica call for careful adaptation of the diet to the digestive capacity of the particular child.”