EDUCATION: MANUAL AND TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. [In continuation, of E.—5, 1913.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1914 Session I, E-05

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1914. NEW ZEALAND.

EDUCATION: MANUAL AND TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. [In continuation, of E.—5, 1913.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

GOMTEHTS.

Page Page . Extract from the Thirty-seventh Annual Re- 3. Tables relating to Manual and Technical Inport of the Minister of Education (E.-l) 2 struotion— continued. Science Examination of Board of Education, South Kensington, and Technologi2. Report of Inspects of Manual and Technical &JKSlh£ ° £ ™ 7 "*.?*" * 27 ManfaUnstaction 10 Staffs of Technical Schools and Classes .. 28 Technical Instruction .. .. .. 11 Appendix: Manual and Technical Instruction in the several Education Districts— Auckland .. .. .. 29 8. Tables relating to Manual and Technical In- Taranaki .. .. .. 33 struction — Wanganui .. .. .. 35 Manual Instruction in Primary Sohools .. 17 Wellington .. .. .. 45 Manual Instruction in Secondary Sohools 19 Hawke's Bay .. .. .. 52 Technical Instruction, Special, Associated, Marlborough .. .. .. ..59 and College Glasses .. .. 20 Nelson .. .. .. 59 Occupations of Students .. .. -25 • Grey .. .. .. .. ..62 Grouped Courses .. .. ... 25 Westland .. .. .. 63 Free Places at Teohnical Schools .. 26 North Canterbury .. .. 64 Day Technical Sohools .. .. 26 South Canterbury .. .. .. 77 Summary of Expenditure by Government on Otago .. .. .. .. ..84 Manual and Technical Instruction .. 26 Southland .. .. .. 91

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No. 1. EXTRACT FROM THE THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION. MANUAL AND TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. Manual Instruction in Public Schools. Recognized classes were held in connexion with 70 per cent, of the public schools, an increase of 2 per cent. The percentages for the various education districts were as follows :— Percentage of Schools jy . ■ . at which Instruction was given. 1912. 1913. Auckland ... ... ... ... ... ... ..52 56 Taranaki ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 72 76 Wanganui... ... ... ... ... ... ... 92 95 Wellington ... ... ... ... ... ... 76 71 Hawke's Bay ... ... ... ... ... ... 74 81 Maryborough ... • ... ... ... ... ... 65 48 Nelson ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 50 52 Grey ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 27 57 Westland... ... ... ... ... ... ... 41 24 North Canterbury ... ... ... ... ... ... 74 75 South Canterbury ... ... ... ... ... ... 58 59 Otago ... ... 75 77 Southland... ... ... ... ... ... ... 97 97 Classes were held at 1,572 schools, an increase of 64. The number of classes was 6,441, as compared with 6,297 for the previous year. Payments by way of capitation and subsidies on voluntary contributions in money or kind totalled £30,691, an increase of £6,000. The average rate of payment per class was £4-7. Special grants in aid of buildings and equipment totalling £4,538 were made to controlling authorities during the year. New buildings or additions to buildings for manual instruction have been erected during the year, or are in course of erection, at Waihi, Waipawa, Sydenham, Lawrence, Tokomairiro, Balclutha, and Invercargill, while necessary equipment has been provided for classes at Helensville, Pukekohe, Waihi, Eketahuna, Otaki, Tapanui, Mosgiel, Tokomairiro, Lawrence, Balclutha, and Invercargill. The various forms of elementary handwork in which pupils in classes up to Standard IV receive instruction, affording as they do valuable opportunities for concrete illustrations, are being largely taught in conjunction with other subjects of the syllabus, such as arithmetic, instrumental drawing, nature-study, and geography. Of the subjects of manual instruction taken in the higher standards, woodwork, cookery, and laundry-work continue to be taught on the central system, and by special instructors. There are now about eighty well-equipped rooms for instruction in these subjects. In the larger centres special manual-training schools have been provided. In the smaller centres the rooms form part of the local district high school, secondary school, or technical school, as the case may be. During the year 419 classes for woodwork, 403 for cookery, and 117 for laundry-work were in operation. There were also 95 classes for dressmaking. Compared with the previous year, the number of classes for domestic subjects shows an increase of 7 per cent. It is gratifying to note the increasing attention that is being given to instruction in subjects bearing on the home. While the opportunities for such instruction are being widened as circumstances permit, improved methods of instruction are also being introduced. The scarcity of properly trained teachers of domestic subjects, to which reference was made in last year's report, is not now so pronounced, and is likely to disappear altogether in the near future, as the result, mainly, of the establishment of full courses in home science at the Otago University and of the special bursaries provided by the Government in connexion therewith. Elementary instruction on subjects bearing on rural occupations was given in 1,009 schools, as compared with 917 in the previous year. The instruction in the case of ten of the thirteen education districts is supervised by itinerant instructors having a special knowledge of agriculture. There are now eighteen of these

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instructors stationed in various parts of the Dominion. The course of instruction includes both experimental and observational work (indoor and outdoor), and in some districts, chiefly in the North Island, elementary dairywork. The continued interest taken in the classes by School Committees, agricultural and pastoral associations, and members of the farming community generally is distinctly encouraging. In addition to special prizes offered for competition, contributions in money and kind to the value of nearly £500 have been received by Education Boards during the year. These contributions carry a Government subsidy of £1 for £1. Full courses of instruction bearing on rural pursuits (having a domestic trend in the case of girls) occupying not less than twenty hours a week throughout the year, were carried on during the year in connexion with the secondary departments in 56 per cent, of the district high schools (fifty-nine in number) as follows : —

The special capitation paid to Education Boards on account of these rural courses amounted to £6*3 per pupil. The practical subjects included in the course continue for the most part to be taught by itinerant instructors. It is a matter for regret, in view of the facilities now available for training, that the supply of teachers having a practical acquaintance with modern methods of teaching science continues bo be altogether inadequate. About 70 per cent, of the district high schools are now well equipped for laboratory-work in physics or chemistry. In the primary schools where laboratories are not available useful courses in physical measurements have in a few cases been taken up. The number of recognized classes in operation during the year was 105, mostly in connexion with urban schools. There was a slight increase in the number of recognized classes for swimming and life-saving. During the year 233 classes were held, as against 222 for the previous year. It is a matter for regret that this subject does not appear to be receiving in the schools the attention it deserves in view of its importance and usefulness to all members of the community. Table Jα. —Capitation received and Expenditure by Education Boards in connexion with Manual Instruction in Public Schools during the Year ending 31st December, 1913 (exclusive op Expenditure out of Grants for Buildings and Equipment). Education District. - Capitation. Expenditure. £ £ Auckland 6,950 7,602 Taranaki .. ..1,292 1,131 Wanganux .. .. .. .. .. 3,719 4,136 Wellington .. .. .. .. ... 4,220 4,303 Hawke's Bay .. .. .... .. 2,164 2,349 Marlborough .. .. .. .. .. 424 287 Nelson .. .. .. .. •• -.. 915 1,330 Grey .. .. .. .. .. .. 218 277 Westland .. .. .. .. .. 22 26 North Canterbury.. .. ..' .. ..3,009 3,894 South Canterbury.. .. .. .. ..1,330 1,487 Otago .. .. 3,977 4,120 Southland .. .. .. .. .. 1,928 2,344 Totals for 1913 .. .. .. .. 30,168 33,286 Totals for 1912 .. .. .. ..24,275 29,623

District. Num Number of Schools. iber of £ Number of Pupils. Capitation earne.i. Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Wellington Hawke's Bay... North Canterbury South Canterbury Otago Totals 1913 ... Totals 1912 ... ... 4 1 8 5 3 4 2 6 33 28 J 17 63 170 207 111 106 57 185 £ 675 450 1,070 1,287 754 667 355 1,176 33 1,016 £6,434 28 890 £5,795

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Manual Instruction in Secondary Schools. Recognized classes were carried on in connexion with twenty-seven of the secondary schools (thirty in number) in receipt of Government grants. The subjects most generally taken up and the number of classes were as follows :— Subjects of. Instruction. Number of Classes. 1912. 1913. Free and instrumental drawing .. .. .. 33 25 Cookery and laundry.. .. .. .. .. ..35 32 Dressmaking .. .. .. .. .. 28 29 Woodwork and ironwork .. .. .. .. 24 26 Experimental and natural science .. .. .. 173 184 Swimming and life-saving .. .. .. .. 19 28 Elementary agriculture and dairy-work.. .. .. ..12 18 Elementary physical measurements . . .. .. 33 31 357 373 Capitation payments amounted to £1,518, being at the rate of £4 per class. Special grants in aid of buildings and equipment totalled £3,672. New buildings or additions to buildings for manual and technical instruction were erected during the year, or are in course of erection, in connexion with Nelson Girls' College, Christchurch Boys' and Girls' High Schools, Waitaki Girls' High School, and Otago Boys' High School; while necessary equipment has been provided at Hamilton High School, Wellington Girls' College, Nelson Boys' College, Christchurch Boys' and Girls' High Schools, and Timaru Boys' High School. Most of the secondary schools are now well equipped for practical work in science, woodwork, and cookery. The provision made for laboratory-work in particular is very satisfactory. It is gratifying to note the increasing attention given in many of the schools to instruction in subjects bearing on rural pursuits and on the home. Technical Instruction. Due attention continues to be given by controlling authorities and Managers respectively to the development along lines best suited to local requirements of the schools and classes under their control. Their efforts in this direction are, it is gratifying to note, meeting with in most cases a satisfactory response on the part of those in whose interests opportunities for instruction are provided. Considerable interest continues to be taken in the schools and classes by local bodies, industrial and trade organizations, and agricultural and pastoral associations, as well as by individual members of the community. Voluntary contributions from these sources totalled nearly £8,000 for the year, as compared with about £6,000 for the previous year. These contributions, carrying as they do a Government subsidy of £1 for £1, form a very Welcome addition to the funds of the controlling bodies. The Government has, as in previous years, given favourable consideration to applications for grants for new buildings or additions where these have been shown to be necessary, and for necessary equipment. During the year grants totalling £16,293 were distributed in aid of buildings and equipment. The amount for the previous year was £10,508. New or additional buildings have been erected or are in course of erection in connexion with the Elam School of Art, Auckland; New Plymouth Technical College ; Canterbury College School of Engineering; Christchurch Technical College; Timaru, Temuka, and Waimate Technical Schools ; and Dunedin and Invercargill Technical Colleges ; while necessary equipment has been provided for classes at Hamilton, New Plymouth, Wanganui, Hawera, Manaia, Hunterville, Napier, Blenheim, Westport, Christchurch School of Art and Technical College, and Invercargill. About sixty buildings, for the most part well and fully equipped, are now available for purposes of technical instruction. In the smaller and more remote centres, where special buildings have not yet been provided, classes are held in suitable rented buildings or in the local schools. During the year classes were held at nineteen such centres in the Wanganui District, at fifteen in the Otago District, at twelve in the Hawke's Bay District, and at six in the Auckland, North Canterbury, and the Southland Districts.

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Technical Glasses other than Classes at Day Technical Schools. Classes were held at 132 centres. The status of the classes, their number, and the number of individual students in attendance were as follows :—

As in previous years, " special " classes — i.e., classes conducted by an Education Board or by the governing body of a secondary school—were the most numerous, and the most widely distributed. Most of the classes in the smaller centres come under this heading " Associated" classes— i.e., classes conducted by Managers representing bodies contributory to the funds of the classes—though held at comparatively small number of centres, include most of the largest and best-equipped technical schools in the Dominion. In a few cases only do the Managers of associated classes conduct classes in more than one centre. " College " classes are conducted by the governing bodies of the University colleges, four in number. The most important are those constituting the School of Engineering in connexion with Canterbury College, Christchurch. The number (15,206) of individual students in attendance is greater by 1,679 than the number for the previous year, due mainly to an increase in the number of free pupils admitted to classes. Some particulars as to the age, sex, and occupations of students are as follows :—

Summary of Occupations of Students. Number of Percentage Students. of Total. Clerical pursuits .. .. .. .. ..2,005 13-2 Professional pursuits .. .. .. .. .. 2,880 18-9 Students .. .. .. .. .. ..1,774 11-7 Domestic pursuits .. .. .. .. .. 3,054 20-1 Agricultural pursuits .. .. .. .. .. 854 5-0 Various trades .. .. .. .. .. ..4,388 28-9 Other occupations not included in above .. .. .. 251 1-6 15,206 100-0 From these figures it may be that the courses of instruction provided by the technical schools as a whole are designed to meet, as far as possible, the needs of all classes of the community.

Table Jb. —Number of Classes held during 1913 in certain Subjects of Technical Instruction.

Status. Number of Clashes. Number o; f Students. " Special" classes " Associated " classes " College " classes 1912. 1 9J:!. 867 903 529 540 156 183 1912. 7,357 5,568 602 1913. . 8,523 5,951 732 Totals 1,552 1,626 13,527 15,206

Seventeen Years of Age and under. Over Seventeen Years of Age. Totals. Males Females 3,190 2,494 4,553 4,969 7,743 7,463 Totals .. 5,684 9,522 15,206

Subjeots of Instruction. Number of Centres. Number of Otasses. lommercial subjects lathematics and science lathematics and science applied to trades and industries )omestic science irt and art-crafts lontinuation classes 4? 28 98 81 51 46 268 118 408 299 314 219 Total 1,626

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The demand for instruction in commercial subjects is as great as in previous years. In addition to classes for higher commercial work at each of the four University colleges full courses of instruction, both elementary and advanced, are provided at most of the larger technical schools. Classes for subjects relating to the various branches of engineering—civil, mechanical, and electrical—continue to be well attended. The classes as a whole are well equipped for practical work, and fairly full courses are provided. The attendance at classes for subjects relating to the building trades is well maintained, indicating that the courses of instruction are adapted to the requirements of those for whom they are provided. Classes for subjects bearing on the home have been well supported, the subjects most generally taken up being cookery (including invalid and high-class cookery), home nursing, dressmaking, and millinery. A number of these classes have been carried on in country districts, the instruction being given in most cases by itinerant instructors sent out from central schools. The special courses in home science and domestic arts provided recently at the Otago University appear to be meeting a need. Of the forty-seven students in attendance during the year nine were working for the degree in home science and seventeen for the diploma, while twenty-one were taking various shorter courses. During the year home science bursaries tenable at the University college were awarded to thirteen of the students, who had signified their intention to qualify as teachers of domestic subjects. These bursaries, which were provided by the Government last year, are of the value of £20 a year together with the fees for the courses. A boarding-allowance of £30 a year is also made where necessary. The number of bursars for the current year is nineteen. It is to be expected that the provision of these bursaries will produce trained teachers sufficient in number to meet the requirements of the schools. Increased attention, with special reference to the application of art to industries, is being given to the courses in pure and applied art in the schools—necessarily few in number at present —that are able to make a special feature of these branches of technical education. During the year some excellent examples of craft-work were executed by students. The number of continuation classes providing instruction in elementary commercial and general education is only slightly larger than last year. These classes are attended by students taking one subject only or two or more unrelated subjects. The fact that students are now encouraged to take group courses in lieu of unrelated subjects accounts for the comparatively small number of these classes. The efforts that have been made by controlling authorities to provide some facilities for instruction in subjects relating to rural pursuits seem now to be receiving some recognition and support at the hands of the farming community. During the year classes attended by some 1,700 students were held at about seventy centres. The subjects in which instruction was given included wool sorting and classing, shearing, dairying, veterinary science, agriculture, and horticulture. In addition to these classes a good deal of useful work has been done in certain districts in the way of lectures to farmers and visits to farms by the Education Boards' special instructors in agriculture. That more than this is required goes without saying, and the Government, recognizing the far-reaching importance of the matter, has referred the question of the establishment of a practicable scheme of technical instruction for farmers to the recently constituted Board of Agriculture for its consideration and report. In the meantime not a little in the way of foundationwork is being done in schools of primary and secondary grade. Thus during the year instruction in elementary agriculture was given in over a thousand primary schools, while about a thousand pupils attending secondary schools, day technical schools, and the secondary departments of district high schools took more or less full courses of agricultural instruction. Table Jc. —Number of Students taking Group Courses of Instruction occupying not less than Four Hours a Week and Eighty Hours a Year. Course of Instruction. Numbei of Students. 1912. 1913. Elementary commercial .. .. .. .. .. 856 1,366 Higher commercial .. .. .. .. .. 274 221 Practical mathematics and science .. .. .. .. 72 191 • Mathematics and science applied to trades and industries .. 1,043 1, 149 Domestic science.. .. .. .. .. .. 304 401 Art and art-crafts .. . .. .. .. 490 655 General.. .. .. 180 307 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 3,219 4,290

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During the year .capitation in respect of group courses as above was earned by thirty-nine schools, as compared with twenty-seven in 1912. About 28 per cent, of the students took such courses, the total number doing so being about a thousand more than the previous year. The voluntary attendance of students at evening classes continues to be a satisfactory feature of the system at present in operation. It is also gratifying to note the number of students who find it worth while to attend on three or more evenings a week. During the year regulations requiring the attendance of young persons between the ages of fourteen and seventeen who are not otherwise receiving a suitable education or who are not specially exempted from attendance were put into operation in seven school districts in Wanganui, in two in Auckland, and in one in Hawke's Bay. The classes established under these regulations were attended by 451 students, of whom 262 were males. In the following table are given the number and sex of pupils holding free places : —

The number of students holding Junior Free Places (tenable for two years) was 2,081, the number holding Senior Free Places (tenable for three years) was 1,090. The figures for the previous year were 1,585 and 892 respectively. About 44 per cent, of the students who entered on Junior Free Places at evening classes in 1912 continued to attend in 1913. Of the total number of senior free pupils in their first year over 21 per cent, had completed two years at evening classes as junior free pupils. The remainder were either admitted from day technical schools, secondary schools, or district high schools. Of the total number (3,171) of students admitted to free places (junior and senior) 88 per cent, qualified for capitation. Capitation payments made during the year on account of free places amounted to £5,507. The following technical schools had roll-numbers of 500 and over, exclusive of the day technical schools carried on in connexion with some of them : — School. Roll Number. 1912. 1913. Auckland Technical College .. .. .. ..1,006 1,345 Wanganui Technical College .. .. .. .. 675 666 Wellington Technical College .. .. .. ..1,155 1,180 Christchurch Technical College .. .. .. .. 988 1,063 Dunedin Technical School .. .. .. .. 966 1,055 Dunedin School of Art .. .. .. .. .. 479 685 Day Technical Schools. These schools (eight in number) provide courses, of secondary grade, in science and technology, domestic science, agriculture, and commercial instruction. They form part of the technical schools at Auckland (343 pupils), Wanganui (180 pupils), Wellington (251 pupils), Napier (84 pupils), Westport (10 pupils), Christchurch (416 pupils), Dunedin (218 pupils), and Invercargill (162 pupils). The total roll number was 1,664, including 739 males. The attendance continues to be well maintained, and the schools appear to meet the needs of a number of young people

Males. 655 371 311 154 89 I 1912. Females. Total, 332 987 227 i 598 179 490 109 263 50 139 1913. Males. Females. Total. 840- 506 1,346 471 264 j 735 341 276 617 190 131 321 73 79 152 , ., (First year umor free pupils| Seco^year ( First year lenior free pupils -j Second year I Third year Totals 1,580 897 2,477 1,915 • 1,256 3,171

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who would not otherwise proceed to secondary schools. The courses of instruction taken up by pupils were as follows : — Males. Females. Totals. Industrial .. .. .. .. . . 409 .. 409 Commercial .. .. . .. .. 217 587 804 Domestic .. .. ..* .. .... 307 307 Agricultural .. .. .. .. .. 77 .. 77 Art .. .. .. .. .. .... 7 7 General .. .. .. .. .. 36 24 60 Totals .. .. .. ..739 925 1,664 Nearly 50 per cent, of the pupils took commercial courses, industrial courses being taken by 24-5 per cent., and domestic courses by 18 per cent. Courses in agriculture were taken by seventy-seven pupils at four schools, as compared with fifty-eight at two schools last year. The school at Westport provides an engineering course only. A well-equipped hostel in connexion with the Christchurch Day Technical School provides excellent facilities for domestic training. Capitation payments on account of day technical schools during 1913 totalled £18,147, being at the rate of £10*9 per pupil. Following are some particulars regarding free pupils at day technical schools:—

The number of pupils holding Junior Free Places (tenable for two years) was 1,340, the number holding Senior Free Places (tenable for three years) was 167. Fifty per cent, of the pupils who entered a day technical school in 1912 continued to attend during 1913, while about 62 per cent, of the pupils who completed the second year of their Junior Free Places at the end of 1912 qualified for and were admitted to Senior Free Places in 1913. General. The following is a summary of the receipts (exclusive of grants for buildings, equipment, rent, and material) and the expenditure for 1913 in respect of " special " and " associated " classes (including, in each case, day technical schools) : — Keceipts. Special Associated Classes. Classes. £ £ Capitation on attendances and free places .. .. 18,055 20.936 Voluntary contributions and subsidies thMeon .. .. 2,070 10.029 Students'fees 4,630 4,441 Sundry receipts .. .. .. .. .. 2,683 3,236 Totals for 1913 .. .. .. .. £27,438 £38,642 Totals for 1912 .. .. .. .. £26,882 £31,610 Expenditure. Administration .. .. .. .. . 5,180 4,722 Salaries of Instructors .. .. .. .. 18,440 21.362 Sundry expenses .. .. .. .. .. 1,340 1,697 Totals for 1913 .. .. .. .. £24,960 £27,781 Totals for 1912 .. . . .. £25,718 £26,166

1912. 1913. T . , ., < First year .. Junior free pupils I Seoo / dyear | I First year .. Senior free pupils -j Second year (Third year Males. 401 162 37 11 2 Females. \ Total. 440 841 239 401 65 102 18 29 2 Males. Females. ' I !_ 404 464 207 265 50 86 12 14 3 2 : Total. 868 472 136 26 5 Totals 613 762 1,875 676 , 831 I 1,507

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No. 3. —COST LEY TRAINING INSTITUTION. Balance-sheet for Year ending 31st December, 1913. Liabilities. Assets. £ s. d. . £ s. d. Costley bequest .. .. .. 12,150 0 0 Mortgages .. .. .. .. 15,800 0 0 Rebecca Hodge bequest .. .. 742 3 9 Accrued interest .. .. .. 184 Sll Boys' savings .. .. .. 12 0 6 Bank of New Zealand .. .. 4 5 2 Revenue Account .. .. .. 3,001 810 Jackson and Russell .. .. .. 83 1 0 £15,988JU4 1 £15,988 14 1 Revenue Account. £ s. d. I £ s. d. To Expenses (office rent, &0., £25) .. 34 9 0 By Balance as per last account .. 2,272 0 7 ~ Maintenance .. .. .. 137 7 7 ~ Interest received .. .. .. 901 410 ~ Balance as per above .. .. 3,001 810 £3,173 5 5 £3,173 5 5 Auckland, 2nd February, 1914. C. Hudson, F.P.A.N.Z. Hon. Secretary and Treasurer. Examined and found correct. —R. J. Collins, Controller and Auditor-General.

No. 4.—INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION.

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY FOR EDUCATION. Education Department, Wellington, 31st May, 1914. The Hon. the Minister of Education. I submit the following report on the work of the epartment in respect of infant-life protection for the year 1913. It will be seen that the bulk of the infants were in foster-homes —that is, with women who have the motherly capacity and the time and accommodation necessary to satisfy the Department's requirements for the license prescribed by the Act. The remainder were in various benevolent institutions, of which particulars are given below. Numbers. The number of infants in licensed foster-homes on the 31st December was 807, which is 33 more than there were at the beginning of the year. The individuals changed to a much greater extent than those figures indicate, however; the total number of individuals dealt with in connexion with fosterhomes during the year, by admissions, withdrawals, transfers, &c, being 1,330. The number placed in foster-homes was 35 more than in the previous year, and the number removed from the homes was 69 more. In the institutions there were 464 at the end of the year, making in all a total of 1,271 infants being dealt with under the Act on the 31st December, 1913 —an increase of 67 over the number on the books a year previously. The following table exhibits the transactions -of the year in respect of infants in licensed fosterhomes :—

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Particulars of Children on the Books and Removals from Licensed Foster-homes during 1913.

Foster-homes. The 807 infants in foster-homes at the end of the year were distributed as follows : — In 482 homes each having one .. .. .. .. .. .. 482 In 90 „ two .. .. .. .. .. .. 180 In 27 „ three .. .. .. .. 81 In 8 ~ four .. . . .. .. .. 32 In 4 „ five .. .. .. .. .. ..20 In 2 „ six .. .. . . .. .. 12 613 807 Thirty-six of the homes were those in which children under six were boarded out by Charitable Aid Boards. The total number of licensed homes was 950, so that at the end of the year there were 337 licensed homes in which for the time being no infants were boarded. Rates of Payments to Foster-parents by Parents or Guardians. An account of the rates paid is given in the following statement: — 3 at the rate of 2s. 6d. per week. 482 at the rate of 10s. per week. 1 „ 3s. 6d. ~ 13 „ 11s. 1 „ 4s. 6d. „ 31 „ 12s. 16 „ ss. „ 36 „ 12s. 6d. 3 „ 6s. „ 1 „ 14s. 27 „ 7s. „ 7 „ 15s. 66 „ 7s. 6d. „ 1 „ 15s. 6d. 52 „ Bs. „ 1 „ 20s. 7 „ Bs. 6d. „ 1 „ 21s. 9 „ 9s. Generally, the relations of the infants provide clothing in addition,

13 1*8 *■ . _J§ «__ to IN MH a ° "* 1O SD a so a ac : a u> § Cβ <t] Cβ <| c« <} 0J „; a ° a ° a ° «*" ■ 8 e lags >-■« ii ii ii r m pq m _J3 Entered on the 'ooktt. On the books at the beginning j 80 of the year Placed in licensed homes during 260 the year Adopted with premium (exclu- 14 sive of those already on the books) 95 161 80 77 5 3 , [ 131 i 95 87 75 50 87 75 50 77 774 1 40 31 24 20 24 20 53 532 2 24 Total .. ..354 354 180 241 180 241 173 126 111 95 50 1,330 Children wiihdn Removed from foster-homes by parents or guardians Deaths Adoptions from licensed homes without premiums n homes to which exemption urn from 42 Homes 65 and tho. 91 ;e remaii 70 wi<7 o>i 27 the Bo 37 )oks. ! 19 15 366 10 3 1 6 1 9 4 4 1 1 2 13 29 1 4 2 3 3 1 3 2 19 was granted 3rought under the operation of the Industrial Schools Act Written off the books for various 1 5 7 2 3 1 1 20 2 9 9 7 4 2 2 41 76 causes )n the books at 31st December, 1913 76 95 194 124 106 75 79 58 807 Total 135 185 313 210 147 118 105 117 1,330

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The following comparison of the rates paid during the last three years shows that the usual payment is about 10s. a week :— 1911. 1912. 1913. Under 7s. .. .. .. .. .. ..34 23 24 7s. and over 10s. .. .. .. .. .. 232 195 161 10s. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 504 485 482 Over 10s. .. .. .. .. .. 83 71 91 Exempted Institutions. From the provision that " it shall not be lawful for any person in consideration of any payment or reward to receive or retain in his care or charge any infant for the purpose of nursing or maintaining it apart from its parents or guardians for a longer period than seven consecutive days unless such person is licensed as a foster-parent," the Minister may grant certain exemptions, and under this authority exemption has been granted to the institutions set forth in the following list, which shows also the numbers dealt with and the deaths. The conditions of the exemption provide for inspection, and for removal of the infants only with due formality.

Deaths in Foster-homes. Of the 1,330 infants under six years of age that were at one time or another on the books as in the foster - homes during 1913, 13 died. Of these, 8 died in the foster - homes and sin hospitals or nursing-homes to which they had been removed for treatment, so that the deaths in foster-homes represented 0-60 of the total number dealt with. Eleven of the 13 were under the age of twelve months, and 11 were of illegitimate birth. The following is a statement of the number of deaths during the time that the infant-life-protection system has been in the Department's charge : — . - 1908 .. • • . . 26 deaths out of 1,017 infants = 2-56 per cent. 1909 .. •• ..25 „ 1,181 „ =2-11 1910 26 „ 1,183 ;, =2-19 1911 13 „ 1,183 „ =1-09 1912 12 „ 1,228 „ =0-98 1913 13 „ 1,330 „ =0-98 This continued low death-rate reflects great credit on the District Agents, their assistants, the Local Visitors, and the foster-parents. Particulars of the 13 deaths are given in the appendix.

(1913) [missions. Deaths. On the Boo: 31st Decenibe ks at si-,1913. Name of InstitutiOD. U 3 'A I A a o © r a t= CD'S S3 » S ■ 8 5 Si ■° a a<1 I Is 5? a a> < a 01 1 1° I! I it i r If a o> The Orphan Home, Papatoetoe, Auokland St. Mary's Home, Otahuhu, Auckland St. Mary's Orphanage, Epsom (girls) St. Joseph's Orphanage, Takapuna (boys) " Door of Hope," Auokland Salvation Army Maternity Home, Auckland Children's Home, Remuera, Auckland Children's Home, Ponsonby, Auckland St. "Vincent's Foundling Home, Epsom Leslie Presbyterian Orphanage, Remuera Mission House of the Order of the Good Shepherd, Auckland .. Cook County Women's Guild Creche, Gisbome Wanganui Orphanage, Wanganui Children's Home, Palmerston North St. Joseph's Orphanage, Upper Hutt Salvation Army Children's Home, Wellington The Levin Memorial Home, Wellington Presbyterian Orphanage, Wellington Home of Compassion, Island Bay St. Mary's Orphanage, Nelson Salvation Army Maternity Home, Christchurch Children's Convalescent Cottage, New Brighton Sacred Heart Orphanage, Mount Magdala, Christohuroh Nazareth House, Christohurch St. Saviour's Home, Shirley, Christohurch Presbyterian Home, Papanui, Christohuroh Salvation Army Maternity Home, Dunedin Presbyterian Orphanage, Anderson's Bay St. Mary's Orphanage, Dunedin Salvation Army Home, Middlemarch Victoria Memorial Home, Invercargill Glendining Home, Anderson's Bay St. Vinoent de Paul's Orphanage, South Dunedin 7 15 16 2 31 5 9 6 17 4 24 36 8 3 23 5 2 7 33 28 8 126 3 14 9 4 35 1 18 2 11 4 1 12 8 ■2 1 3 2 2 1 i •• I '2 & I .. X '' i 3 1 1 1 12 26 15 19 12 4 5 11 47 8 17 13 i 17 5 4 7 62 23 5 12 9 31 19 12 13 6 2 3 1 3 2 1 4 11 2 1 2 1 1 6 1 2 7 1 i 3 35 '4 4 13 7 4 20 10 33 's ~2 8 5 6 11 22 6 4 5 i 1 3 Totals for 1913 554 98 41 18 10 5 464 35 21 Totals for 1912 484 182 62 36 22 10 430 33 29

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Deaths in Exempted Institutions. These, with other particulars, are shown in the foregoing table relating to exempted institutions. The following is a statement of the deaths during the five years in which a record of the deaths has been kept:— 1909 .. .. .. .. 66 deaths out of 749 infants = 8-81 per cent. 1910 .. .. .. ..63 „ 915 „ =6-08 1911 .. .. .. ..47 „ 899 „ =5-23 1912 .. .. .. ..36 „ 911 =3-95 1913 .. .. .. .. 18 „ 984 „= 1-82 Particulars of the deaths in these institutions during 1913 are given in the appendix. It is very satisfactory that this death-rate shows so marked a decrease. Adoptions. During the year 246 orders of adoption were made, and one order cancelling an adoption order. Forty-one of the adoption orders provided for premiums, and 205 were without monetary consideration. The ages of the adopted children were as follows : — With Without Premium. Premium. Under 6 months .. .. .. .. .. .. 23 71 Between 6 and 12 months .. .. . . .. 9 32 1 „ 2 years .. .. .. .. ..6 20 2 „ 3 „ 2 19 3 „ 4 „ 12 4„5 „ 8 „ O ~ D ~ . . . . . . . . .... 1 „6,,7,,... . . . . . 1 4 ~ 7 „ 8 ~ .. .. .. .. .... 6 8„9 „ 9 9 „ 10 „ .. .. .. .. .... 3 10 „ 11 „ .. 2 „ 11 „ 12 „ .. 3 „ 12 „ 13 „ 4 „ 13 „ 14 „ 4 » 14 „ 15 „ 1 41 205 The adopting parents were, — Husband and wife jointly .. .. .. .. .. .. 232 Husband alone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Wife alone .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. f> Widow .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5 Spinster .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 The amount of the premiums ranged from £5 to £260. Illegitimacy. For its obvious relation to the intentions of the Infants Act the following table is given:—

Provincial Distriots. j Illegitimate Births registered during 1913. Number of Illegiti ■ mate Children aged Twelve Months or less brought under the Act during 1913. Auckland .. Taranaki .. Hawke's Bay Wellington Marlborough Nelson Westland .. Canterbury Otago . A353 ' 37 .. i 48 .. 295 • • , 7 28 16 190 206 31 • ; 7 4 51 3 1 49 48' Totals for 1913 1,180 1,180 194 Totals for 1912 1,177 249 E. 0. Gibbes, Secretary fo ir Education.

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No. S.—SCHOOL FOE THE DEAF, SUMNEK, EXTRACT PROM REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR. Sumner, 21st May, 1914. At the time of their admission six of the new pupils were aged from 10J to 12| years. There were no peculiar features about any of these six oases, all of which should have been admitted years ago. The failure on the part of their parents to take earlier advantage of the special facilities provided by the State for the education of their afflicted children is greatly to be regretted, and is difficult to account for. In most cases this must be set down to ignorance and to the extraordinary but very common delusion that the children will in some miraculous way gain their hearing and speech when they grow older. How can one account for these two typical cases —one aged 10|, the other aged years when admitted ? Deaf from birth ; no attempt to cure deafness, and no education. It is obvious that if these children are to receive a reasonable modicum of education it will be necessary for them to remain at the school until they are practically men and women. When one considers that the hearing child usually remains at school from the age of five to fourteen years, and that when he commences what is usually called his education he has a language at his command by which he is able to express his desires and his thoughts, and by means of which he learns as much outside of school as inside it, one will not grudge a similar number of years to the education of the deaf child, who comes to school without any vocabulary and without any but the most rudimentary ideas, and who, in addition to learning all those things that the law of the land considers necessary for a hearing child to learn at school, has to be instructed word by word, slowly and patiently, in all that larger knowledge that the hearing child acquires without an effort. When the medical inspection of public-school children becomes universal it is to be expected that these cases of delayed admission will no longer occur. In one of the six cases referred to above the parents had spent some years in endeavouring by means of medical treatment, which in the end proved unavailing, to have their son's deafness cured. I am far from suggesting that parents should abstain from invoking the aid of the aural surgeon when there is any possibility of improvement resulting from the treatment; but such treatment could be just as efficiently given at this school as in the home, and without the child's education and mental development suffering. At the same time I think it necessary to warn parents of deaf or partially deaf children of the danger of having the ears of such children treated by any one but a properly qualified aural surgeon. J. E. Stevens, Director.

No. 6—SPECIAL SCHOOL FOR BOYS, OTEKAIKE, OAMARU. EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF THE PRINCIPAL. Otekaike, June, 1914. Admissions and Discharges. Boys. Girls. Number of children under the control of the school on Ist January, 1913 72 4 Number of children admitted during .. .. 1 Number of boys discharged .. .. .. .. .. 2 Number of boys transferred to mental hospital .. .. .. 1 Died 1 Age of boy actually admitted during the year : fifteen years. Number of boys and girls in the school on 31st December, 1913 .. 69 ', 4 Ages of children on the school roll on 31st December, 1913 — From five to ten years .. .. .. .. .. 8 From eleven to sixteen years .. .. .. 35 2 From seventeen to twenty-one years .. . . .. 18 Over twenty-one years .. .. .. .. .. 8 2 Total .. .. .. .. ..69 4

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During the year only one boy was admitted to the school. This must not be taken as an indicaoation that there is a shortage in the number of applications for admissions. Our waiting-list is larger than last year, and will continue to increase until our extensions allow us to accommodate more children. Two boys were discharged during the year. In one case the lad was in a very poor state of health, and physically and mentally unable to derive any benefit from special training. The other lad who was discharged had only been nominally admitted, and had not been in residence at the school. After this lad had been nominally admitted it was discovered that he was over the age of twenty-one years. This being so we had no power to detain him. This case should be dealt with by the Mental Hospitals Department under the Mental Defectives Act, as this lad should be under continuous supervision. Deaths and General Health. The number of deaths during the year was one — : a lad of Mongol type aged seventeen years. The cause of death was tubercular meningitis. This is the second death, which has occurred here during the past six years. The death-rate, as I have pointed out in former reports, is exceptionally low. The average life of mental defectives may be reckoned from twenty-one to twenty-five years. The general health of the children has been excellent. Our greatest effort is always to prevent sickness, and the large number of treatments recorded for minor ailments really indicates good preventive work. Many cases of slight ailments in our children, if not detected early and treated accordingly, are the beginnings of serious trouble. There have been no epidemics and few serious illnesses, but with this class of children much attention is required in the cases of ordinary sickness and chronic cases of ear and eye trouble. The epileptics need daily attention and constant care and supervision. Scholastic Work. The day school is arranged into classes which aim at providing the proper training for each child. The classes are small, the number in each class varying from seven or eight to fifteen. The kindergarten and training classes provide for the younger children for whom sense-training is essential. With the middle-grade children the possibility of progressing far with ordinary scholastic work is very small, so that the work of this division is mainly manual work, with a view to special training for vocational work afterwards. Even with the higher-grade children the ordinary scholastic course has to be of a most elementary character, and we aim at giving abundant opportunity for training through manual and vocational studies. During the year much patient painstaking work has been accomplished in the various classes, and the development of the minds of the children has been demonstrated by what has been achieved in the school. Many of the children who, previous to entering on their school career, were apparently most hopeless have developed surprisingly through the awakening of the senses. This has been accomplished only after very persistent effort on the part of the teachers. The keynote of all training has been the awakening of the senses through the emotions, and by external stimulus the directing of the awakened faculties into congenial occupations. Thus much creditable work has been accomplished in macrame, raffia, knitting, basketry, and other forms of handwork. The low-grade children show great interest in their performances in any form of handwork, and will work on day after day making knitted dusters, marcame bags, Smyrna rugs, &c. Manual Instruction. We are still requiring proper workshop accommodation, but I am pleased to be able to report excellent results from the tuition we have been able to give in our temporary workshops. Without an adequate number of workshops it is impossible to satisfactorily carry out the training of our children or to arrange a suitable school time-table. As has been stated previously, all the children should be engaged for half of each day on some form of manual training. This cannot be given effect to without a complete range of manual-training shops. The wood-carving department, which is a new form of manual training, this year is progressing very satisfactorily. lam hoping that a few of the boys will in time become proficient in this form of handwork. The following articles have been carved in the wood-carving department: photo-frames, coal-scuttles, tea-trays, flower-stands, pipe-racks, occasional tables, newspaper-racks, &c. These articles are on sale at the school. A fair number of the boys are making good progress in the basketmaking department. All the store, farm, and garden baskets are manufactured on the premises. In addition to the above-mentioned many other kinds of baskets —fancy and otherwise —are made. We have also commenced manufacturing our own basket hairs. Our baskets are on sale at the school, and I shall be glad to receive orders from other Government Departments and institutions for any kind of basketware which they may be requiring. At present our basketmaker instructor is partly engaged in teaching the boys to make coir mats. This arrangement works fairly satisfactorily at present while the number of boys is small. The chief drawback, however, to this arrangement is that the instructor's attention is too much divided between the two occupations. In the early stages of either basketry or matmaking our boys require constant attention and direction. This is almost impossible when one instructor has two sets of boys to teach at one time. When our new workshops are completed a matmaker should be engaged to supervise this branch of the work. At present we are making all the mats for the school, and we shall be in a position to supply all mats required for our own buildings.

15

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The whole of the painting, decorating, and renovating of both the interior and exterior of all the buildings is carried out by our own staff and boys. During the year the kitchen, administrative block, laundry block, boys' lavatories, cottage, and Principal's residence have been painted and renovated where necessary. In addition to this the boys' dormitories and many of the staff bedrooms and sittingrooms have been redecorated. We have had an exceptionally successful year on our farm. The weather has been suitable,. and good crops are assured. The farm crops this year consist of 40 acres of oats, 12 acres of potatoes, 6 acres of swede turnips, 7 acres of mangolds, 2 acres of carrots. The whole of the crops are looking remarkably well, and we hope to have exceptionally good yields all round. There have been abundant supplies of all kinds of vegetables and fruit from the garden, and all the visitors to the school compliment us on the creditable state in which the garden is kept. In addition to the general institution garden we have this year laid out small school-gardens for the boys. Instruction in gardening is included in the school time-table, and the boys evince great interest in this work. The school-gardens show quite a creditable display of vegetables and flowers, and the boys appear keen to send part of their produce to the general kitchen or to decorate the various rooms. It is worthy of note that the elder boys devote a considerable amount of their spare time in tending their own patch of garden ; this keeps them interested, and is helpful in many ways. Seaside Camp. Thanks to the kindness of the Mayor of Hampden, we were again able to arrange for our annual seaside camp for the boys who were unable to be sent home to their parents or friends. The change is very beneficial to the boys, and they eagerly look forward to their annual holiday. In connexion with the annual seaside camp, I would again draw your attention to the advisability of purchasing a few acres near the sea, so that it would be possible to erect a seaside home. This could be utilized for the annual camp as well as for the children who frequently during the year are needing a change after illnesses, which are often occurring with our children, who are all more or less physically as well as mentally unsound. Electric Lighting. This school is still lighted by means of kerosene-lamps. An installation of electric lighting is very desirable, and would minimize the risk I believe the power necessary could be'obtained from the Otekaike Eiver. The Cottage System. In conclusion, it is interesting to know that the consensus of opinion both in America and the Continent coincides with the plan we have from the commencement adopted here —viz., of building our school on the " cottage " system. Our new cottages about to be erected will accommodate about thirty-six children each. This number is as low as we can make it having due regard to initial expenditure and administrative charges. Principal.

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APPENDIX.

Particulars of Deaths in Foster-homes during 1913.

Approximate Cost of Paper. —Preparation, not given; printing (1,650 copies), £13.

Authority : John Maokay, Government Printer, Wellington.—l9l4.

Price 6d.

Locality Date. «o-i- A Se at sex. Death. Birth. Time in Foster-home. Last Total Time Foster- under home. Control. Last Fosterhome. Cause of Death. Remarks. oickland 30/3/13 v. Y. M. 0 6J Illegitimate Y. M. 0 1 Y. M. 0 2 Summer diarrhoea; pneumonia Gascro-enteritis Acute bronohitis; acute diarrhoea, Gastro-enteritis; wasting ; cardiac failure Whooping-cough; e xhaustion Inanition ; coma Debility from premature birth; marasmus Cellulitis of arm ; septicsemia Congestion of lungs .. Acute diarrhoea; bollapse Whooping-cough; exhaustion Accidental suffocation Whooping- cough; broncho-pneumonia No inqueat. Vellington 27/1/13 2/1/13 F. F. 0 4$ 0 2| Legitimate 0 4 0 1 0 4 0 1 •> 9/2/13 M. 0 2£ I Illegitimate 0 2 0 2 i> >i 1/11/13 M. 0 3} 0 2 0 2 i> j) ihristohurch 28/11/13 5/2/13 M. M. 0 4J 0 3 0 3 0 2 0 3 0 2 Inquest. 26/2/13 M. 1 11 j 1 9 1 9 No inquest. Dunedin 1/8/13 17/2/13 F. M. 0 3 „ 0 5$ 0 1 0 5 0 1 0 5 Inquest. No inquest. j t 20/11/13 F. 0 3 0 1$ 0 1$ ,, 22/11/13 22/11/13 M, M. 0 4 „ 4 7 Legitimate 0 3J 0 2 0 3J 4 6" Inqueat. No inquest. Note.—Of tin homes for treatmi )se thirteen infants four died in publi :nt. ; hospital Is where ths iy had been removed from their fosterParticulars of Deaths in Bxi IMPTBD ] Institute ONS DURING 1913. Date of Death. Date of Death. I I ! . ! r Sex. Birth. institution Certified cause of Death. Remarks. cause of Death. Remarks. Si. Mary's Maternity Home, Otahuhu, Auckland. 1913. Jan. 26 y. m. Y. m. .. I F. I 0 10 Illegitimate | 0 4 Gastro-enteritis ; synoope .. .. | No inquest. St. Vincent's Foundling Home, Epsom, Auckland. Jan. 18 Sept. 24 Nov. 16 Nov. 19 ., F. i 0 3 ! Legitimate 0 2 I Gastro-enteritis .. .. No inqueat. .. jM. 0 4 ,, 0 3, Gastro-enteritis; asthenia .. .. „ .. ] F. 0 5 ,, 0 2 J Infantile atrophy; bronoho-pneumonia .. ,, .. I M. 0 8 Illegitimate 0 7 | Enteritis .. .. .. .. ,, " Door of Hope," Auckland. Jan. 22 April 19 .. M. 0 6 Legitimate 0 2 Thymic asthma; synoope .. .. i No inquest. .. F. 0 11$ „ 0 3 Infantile atrophy .. .. .. [ ,, Mar. 2 Mar. 28 Sept. 7 Sept. 13 Sept. 18 Deo. 14 Home of Compassion, Island Bay, "Wellington. M. 0 9 Illegitimate 0 3 Marasmus .. .. .. .. No inquest. .. F. 0 2 „ 0 1J „ .. F. 1 6 ,, 0 3 Gastro-enteritis .. .. .. ,, M. 0 6 Legitimate 0 1 Tuberoular meningitis .. .. .. ,, .. M. 19 Illegitimate 0 1 „ F. 5 0 Legitimate 0 10 ] Chronic hydrocephalus ; marasmus .. ,, Feb. 21 Si. Vincent de Paul's Orphanage, South Dunedin.' .. i F. I 0 Illegitimate | 0 1 | Gastro-enteritis; exhaustion .. .. No inquest Feb. 21 Mar. 11 Mar. 24 July 3 Salvation Army Maternity Home, Dunedin. .. M. 0 1 Illegitimate I 0 1 Marasmus .. .. .. ..No inquest. ,, ill, 0 3 ,, 0 2J Acute bronchitis; exhaustion .. .. ,, .. I F. Oil ,, 01 Icterus neonatorum ; heart-failure .. ,, .. I M. 0 2 i ,, 0 2 Marasmus .. .. .. .. ,,

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AUCKLAND INDUSTRIAL EXHIBIT.

Exhibits of Pure Art.

Cabinetmaking and Applied Art Bay.

To face p. 16.]

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Exhibits of Cabinetmaking and Applied Art.

Exhibits of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Plumbing, and Blacksmithing.

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Engineering Bay.

Exhibits of Dressmaking, Sewing, etc.

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Exhibits illustrating the Rural Course in District High Schools.

Exhibits illustrating the Concrete Method of Teaching.

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No. 3. DETAILS RELATING TO MANUAL AND TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. Table J 1.— Manual Instruction.—Public Schools.

3—E. 5.

17

ibjects of Ii :strui ea< ition !hSul indl >ject. [umb< jr of llilSSI is in Si |S &s a o o O r—1 f-ii iZi Controlling Authority. o I "o 53 a ■a a H § a >. I § . a o HI n *a >.s • o o o DC a cd 3 m I Q i is B J3 S ■a o is g S O o o g 1 I i a 3 SI I pa pa i a 1 I f>, Q P w S a >>a la Capitation Payments during Year ending 31st December 1913. .IS O O if o E- , Iduoation Board, Auckland 345 759 91 73 91 99 1 30 204 1,348 117 £ s. a. 6,950 11 3 Iducation Board, Taranaki 74 141 I 13 5 10 13 8 24 4 55 5 278 63 1,292 18 11 Iducation Board, Wanganui 200 668 I 32 5 32 34 4 42 166 17 1,000 170 3,719 0 2 Iduoation Board, Wellington 125 388 42 5 20 6 47 L7 11 25 I 78 19 658 207 4,220 6 1 iduoation Board, Hawke's Bay 110 197 22 22 15 23 6 1 12 |86 8 392 111 2,164 17 5 Iducation Board, Marlborough 45 89 4 4 6 4 2 4 20 133 424 11 4 Iduoation Board, Nelson .. 65 97 31 5 27 1 18 IS 49 6 249 915 9 5 iducation Board, Grey 20 25 7 1 9 2 3 1 48 218 5 11 iducation Board, Westland 9 22 1 3 1 27 22 0 3 Iducation Board, North Canterbury 164 355 55 2 24 20 59 9 66 134 724 106 3,009 8 3 iducation Board, South Canter mry 51 98 15 12 15 2 8 38 1 189 57 1,330 15 3 iduoation Board, Otago 189 366 54 11 23 51 3 4 17 156 23 708 185 3,977 8 10 Mucation Board, Southland 175 409 37 41 29 38 4 10 95 24 I 687 1,928 12 4 Totals, 1913 1,572 3,614 403 95 250 117 419 50 68 233 1087 105 6,441 1,016 30,174 5 5 Totals, 1912 1,508 3,607 390 99 239 85 390 63 76 222 1005 121 6,297 890 24,280 17 3

Table J 2.—Manual Instruction. —Payments (by way of Capitation) to, and Expenditure (exclusive of Expenditure out of Special Grants for Buildings and Equipment) by, Education Boards during the Year ending 31st December, 1913.

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ipitation Payments. Education District. Elementary Handwork. Needlework. Woodwork and Ironwork. Cookery. Laundrywork. Dressmaking. Elementary Physiology. Swimming and Life-saving. Elementary Physical Measurements. Elementary Agriculture Science. Daj £ WO rk. Totals. Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Wellington Hawke's Bay Marlborough Nelson Grey Westland North Canterbury South Canterbury Otago Southland £ s. d. 1,250 7 2 150 4 10 551 4 7 533 16 1 312 15 3 47 19 5 117 4 11 35 1 6 14 12 9 477 14 8 127 0 3 531 1 4 372 18 0 £ s. d. 426 17 5 66 3 0 189 12 6 103 13 3 74 16 0 30 0 0 32 4 0 6 0 0 £ s. d. 1,988 3 9 179 8 10 440 2 6 737 0 0 315 15 0 147 0 0 226 10 4 74 2 3 £ s. d. 1,548 9 9 138 17 10 460 15 0 771 2 11 247 12 6 123 15 0 246 17 9 79 3 5 £ s. d. 403 14 4 £ s. d. 15 9 1 11 0 0 8 13 10 93 10 6 18 12 6 £ s. d. 20 10 5 2 0 0 37 4 6 4 10 0 44 10 6 £ s. d. 61 7 0 4 9 4 60 2 6 95 16 7 20 5 0 4 17 6 24 12 4 £ s. d. 9 15 7 33 10 0 93 0 10 28 0 7 25 5 0 14 5 7 2 5 0 £ s.. d. 8 3 4 1 0 0 32 19 6 16 10 0 3 19 8 £ s. d. 1,271 11 10 220 3 0 735 4 8 299 8 11 445 3 10 47 16 11 194 4 11 9 13 1 3 7 6 560 1 9 159 7 7 528 17 10 318 4 6 £ s. d. 479 13 8 1,234 8 5 1,507 9 8 610 8 9 £ s. d. 6,950 11 3 1,292 18 11 3,719 0 2 4,220 6 1 2,164 17 5 424 11 4 915 9 5 218 5 10 22 0 3 3,009 8 3 1,330 15 3 3,977 8 10 1,928 12 4 95 16 3 78 15 0 123 19 6 155 14 3 815 12 3 205 10 1 806 5 8 398 5 0 478 3 6 203 0 7 732 13 3 412 10 0 69 0 0 3 15 0 192 15 0 23 0 4 37 18 1 7 5 0 16 4 4 84 10 3 95 17 3 1 15 0 32 15 9 15 13 11 3 17 6 2 5 0 283 14 1 502 3 2 1,087 7 11 35 15 0 154 13 4 5 2 6 11 0 0 Totals for 1913 4,522 0 9 1,383 11 2 6,333 15 8 5,443 1 6 472 14 4 341 9 3 124 17 11 532 8 8 402 14 5 118 19 8 4,793 6 4 5,705 5 8 30,174 5 4 Totals for 1912 4,123 12 0 1,306 3 9 5,223 19 7 4,428 2 8 24,280 17 3 391 15 0 340 8 2 144 16 9 564 6 I 496 12 8 119 5 1 4,095 3 9 3,046 11 9 f. Expenditure. Education District. Elementary Handwork. Needlework. Woodwork and Ironwork. Cookery and Laundry-work. Dressmaking. Elementary Physiology. Swimming and Life-saving. Elementary Flementarv Agriculture Rural Courses Tota i Cost Physical Elementary and ni T., nt of Measurements. science. Dairy-work. High Schools Administration. Totals. Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Wellington Hawke's Bay Maryborough Nelson Grey Westland North Canterbury South Canterbury Otago Southland £ s. d. 1,160 9 10 104 12 1 670 10 1 594 14 11 266 17 7 26 19 11 234 10 4 73 1 3 14 12 9 362 6 3 100 4 9 442 16 2 166 8 2 £ s. d. 432 6 11 64 16 6 194 11 6 99 14 3 76 19 6 34 10 0 22 0 0 7 17 2 £ s. d. 1,810 9 8 172 11 2 680 13 0 671 15 8 369 19 10 72 0 2 322 19 1 70 7 10 £ s. d. 1,703 11 10 210 14 3 451 6 7 747 4 2 194 10 9 84 16 3 328 4 10 77 6 9 £ s. d. 2 0 0 21 9 4 26 18 0 148 15 6 8 15 0 £ s. d. 2 14 5 3 17 10 52 16 7 24 16 0 £ s. d. 84 5 2 6 7 6 100 7 6 32 6 10 18 4 6 2 8 0 £ s. d. 2 0 0 56 il 4 18 18 3 7 10 0 0 5 0 £ s. d. 2 0 0 65 19 1 16 0 9 3 13 3 £ s. d. 1,404 15 10 161 15 6 700 9 8 414 15 10 498 14 10 11 4 0 300 0 0 1 18 0 0 9 9 945 3 1 86 7 3 232 13 9 467 12 2 £ s. d. 404 3 7 346 5 10 1,012 16 10 1,121 19 10 540 1 6 £ s. d. 602 5 2 55 16 9 300 0 0 419 0 0 200 0 0 45 12 9 87 19 4 46 15 0 £ s. d. 7,602 8 0 1,131 14 0 4,136 2 4 4,303 16 6 2,349 3 0 287 11 4 1,330 7 7 277 11 0 26 16 2 3,894 11 0 1,487 2 11 4,120 19 1 2,344 2 2 98 16 3 79 15 0 123 19 6 167 2 6 803 15 4 246 14 6 727 13 9 745 9 1 888 16 1 310 11 9 871 1 10 610 11 3 4 10 0 192 15 0 16 0 5 19 15 3 11 13 8 21 14 1 24 1 3 346 14 11 435 3 11 1,390 4 9 230 0 0 186 9 5 264 0 0 156 4 1 36 13 5 0 13 0 2 13 9 1 14 8 9 6 11 23 10 5 6 11 6 Totals for 1913 4,218 4 1 1,402 9 1 6,694 9 1 6,478 16 4 249 14 3 86 18 7 472 10 2 119 16 7 151 13 7 5,225 19 8 5,597 11 2 12,594 2 6 33,292 5 1 Totals for 1912 283 2 8 3,772 14 2 3,917 2 3 1,334 5 1 6,449 7 6 5,813 11 0 66 7 2 448 1 6 175 14 10 109 6 10 4,964 0 7 2,296 2 7 29,629 16 2

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Table J 3.—Manual Instruction, 1913.—Secondary Schools.

19

Subjects of Instruct!* >n, and rumbe: of Clai sses in sach S ibject. Secondary Schools. J' I ! I 1 I J J ! i i i s£ 1 ! I 1 £ 3 % s 1 g s? H Capitation Payments during the Year ending 31et December 1913. Expenditure. I 1 4 I Whangarei High School. . Hamilton High School Thames High School New Plymouth High School Wanganui Girls' College Palmerston North High School .. Wellington Boys' College Wellington Girls' College Napier Girls' High School Napier Boys' High School Gis borne High School .. Dannevirke High School Marlborough High School Nelson Girls' College Nelson Boys' College Christchurch Girls' High School . . Christchurch Boys' High School .. Rangiora High School Ashburton High School Timaru Girls' High School Timaru Boys' High School Waitaki Girls' High School Waitaki Boys' High School Otago Girls' High School Otago Boys' High School Southland Girls' High School Gore High School 2 3 2 3 4 1 2 1 4 1 2 2 2 i 4 3 1 1 1 7 2 2 2 5 2 2 3 "i i 14 3 13 5 I I 12 18 4 :; 6 4 3 7 3 15 8 6 7 3 1 i 2 2 3 2 4 12 3 3 8 20 6 21 23 23 24 25 8 6 II 9 II 18 9 34 13 12 7 8 11 4 12 3 13 16 18 £ s d. 38 5 9 47 13 0 34 5 0 92 13 6 75 6 9 103 18 4 191 6 8 121 0 6 44 5 0 12 2 6 74 15 0 26 I 8 49 12 6 78 15 0 68 12 6 120 15 0 42 0 0 42 3 6 47 10 0 28 7 6 37 5 0 8 7 (i 15 15 0 6 7 6 46 5 0 44 4 0 20 2 6 £ s. d. 2917 10 128'14 8 33 6 1 J 139 6 1 I 166 2 10 130 0 0 24 15 9 52 5 4 2 2 2 33 1 6 48 16 9 18 16 1 5 5 8 2 1 2 i 3 2 1 2 1 I 5 6 4 9 3 1 1 1 47 10 0 1 i J 51 17 7 I 41 12 8 I 102 4 9 3 i 2 9 !) 8 3 4 6 1 2 2 5 I 12 10 0 132 12 10 Totals, 1913 25 32 29 26 184 28 18 3] 373 1,517 16 2 1,193 10 9 Totals, 1912 33 35 28 24 173 19 12 33 357 1,487 13 1 1,546 12 7

E.—s

20

Table J 4.—Technical Instruction, 1913.— Classes other than Classes at Day Technical Schools held during the Year ended 31st December, 1913.

Number if Student Subjects of nstructi :on, am Number of CI lasses. Capitation paid during Year ended 31st December, 1913. -t? . School or Classes. Ill TO '2, ft g •2 ° Its §95 ■a Z3 J. c o ■a a"? a O §1 ill Jo o o Ill to ■3 s §1 a O CO ao| ill *o Is o On Attendances. For Free Places. Totals. Auckland Education Board — Auckland Technical College Thames Technical School Waihi Technical School Whangarei Technical School Devonport Technical School Sundry country centres (6) Managers of the Elam School of Art .. Auckland University College Auckland School of Mines Hamilton High School Board — Hamilton Technical School Taranaki Education Board — New Plymouth Technical College Stratford Technical School Inglewood Technical School Sundry country centres (4) Wanganui Education Board — Wanganui Technical College Wanganui East, Gonville, Castlecliff Apiti Technical School Eltham Technical School Feilding Technical School Hawera Technical School Marton Technical School Sundry country centres (19) Palmertton North High School Board — Palmerston North Technical School Wellington Education Board — Wellington Technical College Petone Technical School Wellington, Masterton, and Otaki .. Victoria College Council Managers, Masterton Technical School Hawke's Bay Education Board — Napier Technical College Napier and five country centres Dannevirke High School Board — Dannevirke Technical School s. s. s. s. s. A. C. C. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. 593 46 35 14 34 .. 31 82 113 i 143 19 57 15 19 34 37 .. 32 j 61 23 ! .. 21 i 11 752 52 29 23 3 38 246 58 37 23 259 81 10 48 410 27 68 43 188 102 62 278 1,345 98 37 37 69 246 58 37 23 341 81 10 48 666 103 83 96 225 195 85 310 13 3 18 4 4 18 16 17 6 1 3 1 15 2 2 1 I 3 1 6 3 1 2 2 1 2 4 37 6 2 5 7 2 2 •■ 2 14 2 5 1 5 15 2 1 4 7 2 3 1 11 6 1 19 24 10 4 2 1 2 6 16 1 7 3 3 6 2 12 2 3 24 2 1 2 4 8 7 5 2 4 1 4 8 150 16 12 7 5 14 18 6 17 1 63 20 1 4 52 11 13 11 29 30 42 51 £ s. d. 2,584 16 0 141 17 10 99 17 3 49 8 7 2 18 0 49 10 6 960 12 8 49 0 4 10 17 0 282 10 0 30 13 1 16 18 6 50 2 0 754 12 2 73 3 0 119 9 8 51 17 1 184 15 0 156 10 10 42 9 10 96 4 10 £ s. d. 1,156 18 6 90 5 6 46 15 0 13 4 9 112 II 9 93 3 0 46 16 0 £ s. d. 3.741 14 6 232 3 4 1.46 12 3 62 13 4 2 18 0 49 10 6 960 !2 8 49 0 4 10 17 0 395 1 9 30 13 1 16 18 6 50 2 0 847 15 2 73 3 0 166 5 8 51 17 1 221 0 0 191 1 10 42 9 10 99 3 10 4 2 6 7 2 2 3 36 5 0 34 11 0 7 4 2 19 0 s. 146 I .. 345 491 8 3 4 1 4 14 9 626 16 4 229 17 3 856 13 7 A. A. s. c. A. 448 108 732 101 160 26 194 1,180 209 160 26 232 27 2 4 16 7 3 1 10 3 3 "2 1 7 3 1 12 5 7 4 22 5 4 101 23 12 7 24 1,808 7 5 310 0 0 89 0 7 40 10 3 173 0 3 1.662 11 3 153 11 0 3,470 18 8 463 11 0 89 0 7 40 10 3 257 2 9 . , 38 ' '.'. 110 80 7 1 2 6 84' 2 6 A. S. 141 504 331 504 2 6 5 3 5 1 7 1 9 10 2 7 1 ?! 35 31 335 12 6 179 19 7 138 12 6 474 5 0 179 19 7 J 25 3 22 17 '5 22 17 5

21

E.—s.

Gisborne High School Board — Gisborne Technical School Sundry country centres (12) Marlborough Education Board — Blenheim Technical School Canvastown and Picton Nelson Education Board — Nelson Technical School Westport Technical School Beefton Grey Education Board — Greymouth Technical School Country classes (2) Westland Education Board North Canterbury Education Board — Christchurch Technical College Ashburton Technical School and Methven Kaiapoi Technical School Akaroa Technical School Christchurch and three country centres Canterbury College Board of Governors — Canterbury College School of Engineering School of Art Rangiora High School Board — Rangiora Technical School .. Country centres (3) South Canterbury Education Board — Timaru Technical School I'airlie Technical School Pleasant Point Technical School Temuka Technical School Waimate. Glenavy, and Morven Timaru and Winchester Otago Education Board — Dunedin Technical College (including Portobello and Palmerston South) Oamaru Technical School Milton Technical Classes Balclutha Technical Classes Dunedin School of Art Dunedin and sundry country centres (15) Otago University Council .. Southland Education Board — Invercargill Technical College Sundry country centres (7) Gore High School Board — Gore Technical School S. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. s. ! A. A. A. A. S. C. c. c. 125 28 87 21 358 65 40 69 111 72 302 119 13 180 66 705 337 127 47 244 57 136 293 69 111 72 427 147 13 267 87 1,063 402 127 47 244 57 136 333 4 6 58 1 9 6 7 3 1 2 8 1 58 3 1 3 3 3 14 5 1 1 3 2 3 2 1 6 2 1 12 1 8 4 3 2 2 16 1 1 7 2 17 15 4 2 5 3 8 4 3 1 16 10 15 ,. 1 2 2 3 2 15 2 "2 9 12 8 44 19 1 26 5 88 45 6 3 11 15 58 60 23 14 0 31 14 9 73 3 0 12 0 4 872 11 5 174 18 4 13 4 9 62 7 6 1 11 0 15 15 6 1,079 4 0 384 17 4 47 7 9 16 2 6 182 9 3 29 14 0 431 8 9 1,463 1 9 261 3 11 17 19 4 414 16 7 65 7 7 4711 7 23 14 0 31 14 9 73 3 0 12 0 4 1,133 15 4 192 17 8 13 4 9 62 7 6 1 11 0 15 15 6 1,494 0 7 450 4 11 47 7 9 16 2 6 182 9 3 29 14 0 431 8 9 1,510 13 4 s. s. 107 29 107 29 1 2 1 2 4 2 1 9 4 56 5 9 46 18 0 56 5 9 46 18 0 A. A. A. A. A. S. 107 331 69 45 91 164 63 438 69 45 9! 164 63 6 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 4 1 8 1 2 2 5 11 1 4 1 1 36 3 3 10 3 333 18 0 15 13 9 81 14 8 158 19 0 492 17 0 15 13 9 81 14 8 1 1 5 7 0 .5 7 0 A. 329 726 1,055 3 13 12 14 3 21 20 26 112 1,190 0 7 516 14 4 1,706 14 11 A. A. A. S. S. c. 18 16 166 53 15 669 459 85 184 53 15 685 459 85 1 1 44 3 1 1 5 2 •• 6 3 2 3 17 7 2 44 48 20 66 16 4 23 13 4 10 0 3 71 19 0 148 13 2 69 17 1 28 16 0 95 12 4 23 13 4 10 0 3 71 19 0 148 13 2 69 17 1 "2 7 14 9 12 1 8 12 s. s. 54 398 139 452 139 16 2 1 6 3 2 3 7 7 1 3 10 4 49 16 159 13 5 68 19 6 72 9 3 232 2 8 68 19 6 s. 24 32 56 * 1 1 1 2 2 8 42 16 3 21 14 0 64 10 3 Totals for 1913 I 3,171 451 11,584 15,206 1 314: 160 138 118 J 110 299 268 219 1,626 16,702 0 6 5,507 15 7 22,209 16 1 Totals for 1912 — 2,477 11,050 — 290 .. -• 13,527 345 108 145 101 119 220 224 1,552 15,552 6 4 4,279 19 3 19,832 5 7

22

E.—s

Table J5.—Manual and Technical Instruction.— Grants in aid of Buildings, Equipment, Rent and Material, and Subsidies on Voluntary Contributions paid to Controlling Authorities of Classes for Manual Instruction (School Classes) and for Technical Instruction (Special, Associated, or College Classes) during the Year ending 31st December, 1913.

Controlling Authority. Statue of Classes. Buildings. Equipment. Rent. Material. Subsidies on Voluntary Contributions. Totals. School.. Special.. College.. Associated School .. Special.. School .. £ s. d. 181 6 3 £ s. d. 500 0 0 1,204 17 9 18 7 4 13 17 3 22 17 8 82 5 4 14 7 6 36 0 8 1,121 2 0 19 10 2 563 18 2 9 7 6 72 6 2 £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 74 2 4 25 8 6 300 0 0 200 0 0 10 15 3 52 13 6 £ s. d. 755 8 7 1,622 19 7 332 4 5 1,084 9 3 33 12 11 212 6 9 14 7 6 135 13 4 1,810 11 1 227 10 8 634 2 5 62 6 6 1,049 15 9 150 0 0 201 3 4 324 10 3 385 4 6 98 17 0 378 11 9 6 4 8 30 9 0 22 17 3 614 13 5 510 18 8 2 2 0 1,278 6 2 1,978 1 7 417 3 0 10 9 6 4,216 7 11 23 14 0 52 13 3 877 8 8 250 0 0 525 0 0 2,596 3 2 255 1 10 10,466 0 5 1,212 17 3 81 10 0 105 0 11 638 17 5 Auckland Education Board Auckland University College Council Managers of the Elam School of Art Taranaki Education Board 75o' 0 0 344 0 0 8o"o 0 48 13 4 13 17 1 40 12 0 18 2 0 14 10 0 44 15 11 New Plymouth High School Board Wanganui Education Board 12 io o 19 5 0 87 2 8 356 8 1 156 13 6 60 1 3 Special.. 213 18 3 99 17 9 51 7 0 Palmerston North High School Board Wellington Education Board School .. Special.. Associated College.. Associated School.. 10 3 0 139 0 0 52 19 0 445 17 7 392 12 0 150 0 0 201 3 4 Victoria College Council Masterton Technical Classes Association .. Wellington College Board Hawke's Bay Education Board .. 324 10 3 229 10 6 8 17 0 254 9 6 155 14 0 Dannevirke High School Board .. Marlborough Education Board Nelson Education Board Special.. Associated Special.. 43 5 0 124 2 3 6 4 8 46 15 0 School . . Special.. School . . Special. . School.. College.. School .. Special.. Associated School .. 165 0 0 242 15 8 30 9 0 7 17 3 247 15 2 268 3 0 127 9 0 15 0 0 74 9 3 Nelson College Board Grey Education Board Canterbury College Board 1,265 0 0 1,600 0 0 158 18 9 13 6 2 165 10 1 187 16 10 4 7 6 197 14 10 2 2 0 112 11 6 100 0 0 .10 0 0 2 2 0 1,587 1 1 23 14 0 17 5 0 203 18 4 North Canterbury Education Board 2,006' o o 60 7 5 4 0 0 46 15 0 384 17 0 Rangiora High School Board South Canterbury Education Board 35 8 3 33 11 0 250 0 0 Timarn High School Board Otago University Council Otago Education Board Associated School.. College.. School .. Special.. Associated School.. 600' 0 0 1,027 2 0 150 0 0 6,666 13 4 1.179 1 1 81 10 0 1,336 18 11 77 1 10 39 19 4 525 0 0 232 2 3 28 0 0 230 0 2 3,569 6 11 Otago HighSchool Board Waitaki High School Board Southland Education Board 33 16 2 Special.. 320 0 0 94 14 9 245 12 3 26 9 2 l6' 6 2 46 16 0 Totals, 1913! 16,775 1 4 7,726 7 9 730 10 5 1,922 19 9 8,530 16 5 35,685 15 8 Totals, 1912 13,238 2 11 8,948 6 4 405 12 6 2,034 19 11 6,271 13 11 30,898 15 7

23

E.—s

Table J 6a,—Technical Instruction.— Receipts and Expenditure of Controlling Authorities of Special Classes during the Year ending 31st December, 1913.

Receipts. Expenditure. Controlling Authority. Subsidies and Capitation. Voluntary Contributions. Buildings and Equipment. Rent and Material. ] Fees. Other Receipts. Total Receipts. Rent and Material. Other Total Expenses. Expenditure. Administration, &c. Salaries of Instructors. Buildings and Equipment. Auckland Education Board Hamilton High School Board Taranaki Education Board Wanganui Education Board Palmerston North High School Board Wellington Education Board Gisborne High School Board .. , Dannevirke High School Board .. Hawke's Bay Education Board .. Marlborough Education Board .. Nelson Education Board Grey Education Board Westland Education Board North Canterbury Education Board Rangiora High School Board South Canterbury Education Board Otago Education Board Southland Education Board Gore High School Board £ s. a. 8,444 13 11 10 17 01 453 7 10 3,817 17 3 856 13 7 89 0 7 ! 5& 8 9 ; 22 17 5 93 18 9 85 3 4 1,775 11 3 63 18 6 15 15 6 90 19 0 103 3 9 5 7 0 145 1 6 1,860 7 9 64 10 3 £ s. d. 9 2 0 98 10 6 1,003 14 7 338 1 4 88 15 0 46 15 0 £ s. d. 1,200 0 0 102 17 4 1,339 4 1 19 10 2 9 7 6 1 5 17 6 30 9 0 412 15 2 £ s. d. 378 10 9 54 0 11 131 12 9 51 7 0 52 19 0 6 4 8 33 10 0 £ s. d. 1,059 15 4 31 10 0 265 4 6 1,085 15 4 341 19 11 217 i5 0! 17 4 0 80 17 0 £ s. d. 330 7 11 145 8 9 444 2 7 124 4 7 275 0 0 30 8 9 4 11 0 20 18 2 180 0 0 624 7 4 18 5 0 32 8 0 15 12 0 63 18 6 £ s. d. 11,422 9 11 42 7 Oi 1,119 9 10 7,822 6 l\ 1,731 16 7; 426 7 1 392 7 6l 50 17 1 281 16 5 295 12 4 3,346 1 9 143 16 0 48 3 6 207 3 5 262 12 1 10 7 0 1,006 7 5 3,187 12 3 123 5 3 £ s. d. 2,460 7 9 3 3 6 105 13 11 1,013 9 7 455 15 10 85 10 10 6 4 4 34 5 7 29 11 3 188 7 5 115 1 4 £ s. d. 5,651 2 4 20 0 0 867 14 8 4,567 10 10 893 9 6 347 16 2 297 15 0 36 5 0 247 9 6 135 19 3 1,543 10 0 187 18 10 £ s. d. 13,854 4 11 83 19 2 171 14 2 517 4 10 134 4 4 66 16 4 8 6 3 3 6 0 24 0 0 2 19 8 425 4 0 179 1 11 £ s. d. 906 1 8 23 14 4 45 12 11 251 3 4 126 14 6 61 17 4 39 1 1 9 15 Oj 36 18 3 13 10 4 98 2 4 8 8 2 £ s. d. 246 4 7 165 1 4 506 16 9 107 2 11 80 7 3 13 13 7 11 0 0 29 4 8 58 9 9 £ s. d. 13,118 1 3 130 17 0 1,355 17 0 6,856 5 4 1,717 7 1 476 9 10 511 0 5 55 10 4 356 6 11 193 0 6 2,284 8 5 549 0 0 175" 8 3 20 0 0 127 9 0 2 2 0 230 10 9 39 10 6 4 4 0 42 0 11 218 15 0 25 0 0 4 7 6 I 17 is 0 467 4 4 6 0 0 ■• I 28 0 0 1 14 3 86 0 11 95 9 10 5 0 0 720 6 9 319 10 5 33 15 0 53 0 3| 320 0 6; 10 6 9 23 17 9 16 19 6 200 3 1 408 6 11 22 6 6 164 8 10 227 15 8 79 7 0 960 10 0 2,127 0 1 84 0 10 4 7 6 22 11 4 965 2 8 1,573 2 4 5 8 5 38 8 10 21 16 0 105 2 6 218 10 4 3 7 4 8 10 6 6 4 7 8 2 6 98 14 2 193 2 0 296 6 10 148 16 4 2,329 12 5 4,326 19 8 109 14 8 •■ • • • • I Totals, 1913.. 18,054 12 11 2,070 6 7 3,609 10 7 873 10 4 4,630 5 3 2,682 13 31,920 19 0 5,179 11 H) 18,439 13 6 18,036 5 5 2,013 12 8 1,339 12 7 45,008 16 Totals, 1912.. 14,313 6 11| 3,192 7 9 3,502 14 2 695 5 1 4,646 11 7 4,730 3 3 ! 31,080 8 9| 4,634 14 5, ,18,568 15 31 9,294 13 0 ,071 17 1 2,514 0 0 37,083 19

24

E.—s.

Table J 6b.—Technical. Instruction.— Receipts and Expenditure of Managers of Associated Classes during the Year ending 31st December, 1913.

Receipts. Expenditure. School. Subsidies and Buildings Capitation. Voluntary and Contributions. Equipment. Kent and Material. Fees. Other Receipts. Total Receipts. Administration, Ac. Salaries of Instructors. Buildings and Equipment. Rent and Material. Other Expenses. Total Expenditure. Elam School of Art, Auckland.. Wellington Technical School '.. Petone Technical School Masterton Technical School Napier Technical School Waipawa Technical School Christchurch Technical School.. Akaroa Technical School Ashburton Technical School Kaiapoi Technical School Timaru Technical School Pleasant Point Technical School Waimate Technical School Fairlie Technical School Temuka Technical School Dunedin Technical School Balclutha Technical School Tokomairiro Technical School .. Oamaru Technical School £ s. d. 960 12 8 6,795 18 8 463 11 0 257 2 9 1,464 8 9 5,730 a 0 16 2 6 435 9 11 61 11 6 492 17 0 15 13 9 60 12 6 37 4 3 81 14 8 3,931 5 9 12 19 3 23 12 7 95 12 4 £ s. d. 200 0 0 596 17 0 195 1 9 364 12 0 149 4 0 17 10 0 1,752 0 8 52 12 0 601 17 1 111 10 0 259 3 3 14 18 6 75 15 0 32 11 6 104 4 2 5,257 8 10 68 16 0 48 2 6 126 16 6 £ s. d. 763 17 3 60 0 0 23 2 4 254 9 6 2,170 19 4 27 9 6 1 0 0 302 2 5 £ s. d. 120 12 0 703 16 10 20 0 9 19 15 0 124 2 3 294 1 10 124 3 6 £ s. d. 74 11 0 1,040 13 10 116 4 0 120 12 0 145 3 6 8 5 0 964 0 3 16 7 6 296 3 3 53 4 0 318 13 8 25 15 0 146 18 6 34 2 6 104 7 0 769 6 0 17 3 0 62 10 0 126 16 3 £ s. d. 291 9 3 583 10 10 86 11 6 5 17 0 367 11 4 1,078 11 0 27 4 3 343 14 7 68 7 1 22 15 10 6 10 0 41 14 4 2 6 3 26 3 4 283 1 2 0 11 0 0 18 0 £ s. d. 2,411 2 2 9,780 17 2 904 11 4 767 18 9 2,504 19 4 25 15 0 11,989 13 1 112 6 3 1,828 17 10 295 12 7 1,455 16 8 62 17 3 336 16 10 112 0 2 666 9 2 17,135 19 9 99 9 3 135 3 1 351 0 7 £ s. d. 188 13 1 1,307 17 3 96 12 5 150 0 0 133 0 3 8 18 0 1,453 1 9 10 18 9 186 19 1 39 8 7 115 17 8 13 10 1 57 13 8 21 6 3 86 7 8 674 18 6 24 0 2 30 12 9 122 10 3 £ s. d. 790 0 0 6,781 5 8 537 10 0 457 10 7 1,730 14 0 2 0 0 5,151 4 2 53 0 0 796 10 6 142 0 0 744 17 10 27 15 6 243 14 0 55 17 0 141 4 6 3.443 8 6 31 1 0 55 10 0 176 15 0 £ s. d. 920 2 0 249 19 6 67 17 11 21 14 2 355 1 3 5,168 7 8 2 4 6 407 11 6 1 0 0 305 0 7 £ s. d. 238 16 9 1,056 13 4 42 14 9 34 8 5 215 2 10 895 4 1 20 0 10 260 5 2 19 6 5 50 1 8 0 9 4 33 15 2 0 3 6 21 17 2 405 3 7 1 19 4 0 10 0 4 5 7 £ s. d. 59 19 6 445 13 7 80 5 4 47 19 5 28 6 9 0 16 8 448 8 3 14 10 8 117 7 2 44 11 3 5 8 6 7 14 8 46 7 5 13 12 5 28 1 0 253 16 4 0 15 0 26 7 5 27 0 0 £ 8. d. 2,197 11 4 9.841 9 4 825 0 5 711 12 7 2,462 5 1 11 14 8 13,116 5 11 100 14 9 1,768 13 5 246 6 3 1,221 6 3 49 9 7 381 10 3 90 19 2 729 4 1 22,302 5 10 141 10 1 160 11 1 330 10 10 60 4 6 1 5 0 350 0 0 6,666 13 4 ii 16 6 4 10 8 •-. 228 4 8 451 13 9 17,524 18 11 83 14 7 47 10 11 1 15 6 • • .. •• Totals, 1913 !0,936 9 10i 110,029 0 9 3,236 16 9 50,977 6 3 4,722 6 2 21,361 18 3 ,3,300 17 11 56,689 0 11 10,620 18 8 1,713 4 0 4,440 16 3 25,606 17 3 1,697 1 4 Totals, 1912 17,131 11 3 . I 6,510 14 el 4,209 6 5 3,875 7 1 40,335 17 2 4,276 10 9 20,048 19 ■9 9,816 1 0 J2,889 16 10 1,839 16 0 38,S71 4 4 6,934 3 11 1,674 14 0

c.—c.

Table J 7. —Number of Students in Attendance at Technical Classes other than Classes at Day Technical Schools during the Year ending 31st December, 1913.

Table J 8. —Occupations of Students in Attendance at Technical Classes other than Classes at Day Technical Schools during the Year ending 31st December, 1913. Domestic pursuits .. .. .. .. 3,054 j Woodworkers .. .. .. .. 535 Professional pursuits .. .. 2,880 \ Painters, plasterers, &c. .. .. .. 162 Clerical pursuits .. .. .. .. 1,752 Printers, &c. .. .. 151 Students .. .. ■• •• •• 1,774 Skilled labourers .. .. .. .. 53 Agricultural pursuits .. .. 854 Labourers .. .. .. .. .. 156 Employed in'shops or warehouses .. .. 1, 144 Seamen .. .. .. .. .. 52 Dressmakers, milliners, &c. .. .. .. 230 Engaged in various other trades and industries 344 Tailors and tailoresses .. .. .. 84 Engaged in various public services .. .. 253 Engineers and mechanios .. .. .. 638 Occupation not stated .. .. .. 251 Electrioians .. .. • •. 238 Plumbers, metal-workers, &c. .. .. 601 Total .. .. .. ..15,206

Table J 9. —Number of Free and other Students taking Grouped Courses occupying not less than Four Hours a week and Eighty Hours a Year at Technical Classes other than Classes at Day Technical Schools during the Year ending 31st December, 1913.

4—E. 5.

25

Special Classes. Associatei 3 Classes. College Classes. Totals. Education District Males. ! Females Males. ] Females. Males. Females. Males, j Females. Grand Totals. Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Wellington Hawke's BayMarlborough Nelson Grey North Canterbury South Canterbury Otago Southland 990 169 1,022 60 375 19 179 145 138 19 585 345 683 311 1,232 100 334 53 408 209 242 44 559 302 102 1,026 184 144 595 147 92 26 3 1,184 830 169 311 1,022 ! 1,232 1,112 i 695 559 ; 481 19 53 179 408 145 , 209 1,276 i 1,269 345 : 525 1,368 1,168 345 302 2,014 480 2,254 1,807 1,040 72 587 354 2,545 870 2,536 647 848 326 739 791 481 568 290 236 44 41 Totals, 1913 4,046 4,477 3,225 2,726 452 280 7,723 ! 7,483 15,206 Totals, 1912 3,693 3,664 3,035 2,533 388 214 7,116 | 6,411 13,527

ABLE 7.—Number of Stt dents in Atte: DANCE at Tec !HNICAL OlASSEI S OTHER THAN il/ASSES at Day Technical Schools durin< THE 1 EAR EN1 ding 3 1st Deci :mber, 1913. Special Classes. Associate! 3 Classes. College Classes. Totals. Education District Males. Females Males. Females. Males. Females. Males. Females. Grand Totals. Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Wellington Hawke's Bay Marlborough Nelson Grey North Canterbury South Canterbury Otago Southland 990 169 1,022 60 375 19 179 145 138 19 585 345 683 311 1,232 100 334 53 408 209 242 44 559 302 102 1,026 184 144 595 147 92 26 3 1,184 830 169 311 1,022 1,232 1,112 695 559 481 19 53 179 408 145 , 209 1,276 i 1,269 345 : 525 1,363 1,168 345 302 2,014 480 2,254 1,807 1,040 72 587 354 2,545 870 2,536 647 848 326 739 791 481 568 290 236 44 41 Totals, 1913 4,046 4,477 3,225 2,726 452 280 7,723 ! 7,483 15,206 Totals, 1912 3,693 3,664 , 3,035 2,533 388 214 7,116 I 6,411 13,527 Table J 8.—Occupations of Students in Attendance at Technical Classes other than Classes at Day Technical Schools during the Year rnding 31st December, 1913. Domestic pursuits .. .. .. .. 3,054 j Woodworkers .. .. .. .. 535 Professional pursuits .. .. .. 2,880 i Painters, plasterers, &c. .. .. .. 162 Clerical pursuits .. .. .. .. 1,752 Printers, &o. .. .. .. ..151 Students .. .. .. •• 1,774 ] Skilled labourers .. .. .. .. 53 Agricultural pursuits .. . .. 854 Labourers .. .. .. .. .. 156 Employed in shops or warehouses .. .. 1,144 Seamen .. .. .. ,. .. 52 Dressmakers, milliners, &c. .. .. .. 230 Engaged in various other trades and industries 344 Tailors and tailoresses .. .. .. 84 Engaged in various public services .. .. 253 Engineers and mechanics .. .. .. 638 Occupation not stated .. .. .. 251 Electrioians .. .. ■ .. .. 238 Plumbers, metal-workers, &c. .. .. 601 Total .. .. .. ..15,206 Table J 9. —Number of Free and other Students taking Grouped Courses occupying not LESS THAN FOUE HOURS A WEEK AND BlGHTY HOUES A YeAE AT TECHNICAL CLASSES OTHER than Classes at Day Technical Schools during the Year ending 31st December, 1913. a >urses a] □d Nunit >er of St idents. Controlling Authority o O I 5 s a & si HO o Ja Bo o a, £ o _ <e a Cβ fl « .S3 '3 ■ga 00 III s ,2 a" IS! Ill III a a .2 o I o p i 8 I CO ■a Auckland Education Board Managers of Elam School of Art Auckland University College Taranaki Education Board Wanganui Education Board Palmerston North High School Board . . Wellington Education Board .. Masterton Technical Classes Association Victoria College Council Hawke's Bay Education Board Nelson Education Board Grey Education Board Canterbury College Board of Governors North Canterbury Education Board South Canterbury Education Board Otago Education Board Otago University Southland Education Board Gore High School Board 5 1 2 1 10 1 2 11 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 251 47 182 54 206 30 49 72 77 30 \l0 f 4 89 10 •• 52 2 4 87 249 8 25 82 28 224 1 18 35 3 71 200 13 169 64 11 28 23 41 8 10 61 19 17 139 1 67 27 74 5 4 48 13 181 3 8 66 95 68 18" 73 1 36 758 139 18 86 435 150 794 45 10 117 216 112 252 463 04 474 45 63 19 126 67 164 .19 20 79 8 12 25 U 1 16 39 20 24 25 16 2 21 2 4 Totals, 1913 39 1,366 22] 191 1,149 401 655 307 4,290 Totals, 1912 27 856 • 274 72 1,043 304 490 180 3,219 I I 4—E. 5.

E.-5.

Table J10.—Number of Free Pupils in Attendance at Technical Classes during the Year ending 31st December, 1913.

Table J 11.—Day Technical Schools.—Courses taken by Students in Attendance during 1913

Table J 12.—Summary of Expenditure by the Government on Manual and Technical Instruction during the Year ending 31st March, 1914. Capitation— £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. ~ ... .. f Public school olasses .. .. 29,486 6 2 Manual instruction .. j geoondary-school classes .. 1,192 12 0 30,678 18 2 / Special classes .. .. .. 7,429 16 4 t> v, ;™i i m »t.,.»i,j«» J Associated classes .. .. 7,659 18 6 Technical instruction j Day technical schoo]g 15,279 19 0 ( College classes .. .. .. 1,671 16 3 32,041 10 1 62,720 8 3 Free places at olasses other than those at day technical sohools .. .. 5,764 17 1 Subsidies on voluntary contributions— Manual instruction .. .. .. .. .. 713 15 9 Technical instruction .. .. .. .. .. 6,600 7 7 7,314 3 4 Home-soience bursaries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 719 10 6 Grants — Buildings, equipment, and rentManual instruction .. .. .. .. 3,897 3 4 Teohnical instruction .. .. .. .. 18,130 9 9 22,027 13 1 Material for teohnical classes .. .. .. .. .. 1,661 15 4 23,689 8 5 Railway fares, &c. — Instructors of classes .. .. .. .. .. 2,058 17 1 Students .. .. .. .. .. .. 308 13 4 Free pupils .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,542 15 6 Publio-Bchool pupils attending manual-training centres .. 3,795 17 9 .. 7,706 3 8 ExaminationsScience and art, Board of Education, London .. .. 116 10 6 Technological, City and Guilds of London Institute .. 513 2 2 .. 629 12 8 Inspectors— Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 900 0 0 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. .. 133 11 11 .. 1,033 11 11 Sundries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 19 9 109,586 15 7 Less recoveries (examination fees, &o.) .. .. .. .. ~ 221 1 9 Tota, •• •• ■• •• •• ■• .. "£109,365 13 10 "This total inoludes £7,602 from National Endowment revenue. The total expenditure by the Government by way of capitation, subsidies, and grants was for manual instruction £35,289 17s. 3d., and for technioal instiuction £64.198 19s. 10d. The expenditure for the previous year wag respectively £33,592 9s. 2d. and £58,263 Is. sd.

26

At Day Technical Schools. At other Classi )S. Education District. Males. Females. 459 229 37 45 226 199 380 i 214 63 47 58 95 40 68 301 162 55 52 252 111 44 34 1,915 1,256 Males. Females. Totals. Totals. Auckland Taranaki Wanganui Wellington Hawke's Bay Nelson 169 142 311 G88 82 425 594 110 153 108 463 107 363 78 76 90 31 10 71 149 48 147 239 79 10 Grey North Canterbury South Canterbury Otago Southland 174 208 382 53 73 146 67 199 140 Totals for 1913 .. 676 831 762 1,507 j ( 3,171 Totals for 1912 .. 613 1,375 1,580 897 2,477

School. Induf Courses of Instn Agricultmal. Doe iction and Nui nestic. Comr nber of Studen lercial. | Ai its. it. Gej teral. Tol ;fils. Capitation paid during Year ended 31st December, 1913. itrial. Auckland Wanganui Wellington Napier Westport Christchureh Dunedin Invoreargill M. 121 ' SI ; 52 23 10 105 41 26 F. M. 20 8 F. M. F. 42 15 23 50 M. 48 15 40 9 F. 112 51 130 2 M. IT. 6 M. :iii F. J 24 M. 189 90 92 32 10 187 59 80 P. 154 90 159 52 £ s. d. 4,389 3 9 2,202 0 9 2,626 0 0 1,007 0 0 258 17 6 4,235 19 5 2,224 10 10 1,588 8 9 39 117 44 16 43 18 44 112 114 66 1 229 159 82 10 Totals, 1913 409 77 I 307 217 587 7 36 24 739 925 18,532 1 0 Totals, 1912 377 58 256 213 j 562 2 11 34 13 684 842 14,807 12 4 I i__ I i i

27

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Table J 13.—Number of Candidates who passed the Science Examination of the Board of Education, and the Technological Examination of the City and Guilds of London Institute, 1913.

Subjects of Examination. Science Subjects. Practical geometry and graphics —Lower Practical mathematics —Lower Machine construction and drawing —Lower Machine construction and drawing—Higher Applied mechanics (materials and structures) —Lower Applied mechanics (machines and hydraulics)—Lower Heat engines—Lower Building-construction —Lower Building-construction —Higher Heat —Lower Magnetism and electricity—Lower Inorganic chemistry—Lower Number of Number of Candidates. Passes. .... 2 1 3 1 .... 7 4 1 18 15 10 7 '.. I 1 1 14 12 6 *4 .... 1 1 12 4 .... 1 1 Totals, 1913 76 51 76 5] Totals, 1912 111 I 68 111 68 Technological Subjects. Telegraphy —Grade I Telephony—Grade I Telephony —Final .. .. Electrical engineering—Grade 1 Electrical engineering—Grade II (first paper) Electrical engineering—Grade II (second paper) Electrical engineering—Grade II (whole examination) Electrical engineering—Final Electric wiremen's work —Grade I . . Electric wiremen's work —Final Plumbers' work —Grade I Principles of leadwork —Grade II .. Principles of leadwork —Final Plumbers' work—Grade II (practical) Plumbers' work —Final (practical) Plumbers' work —Grade II (whole examination) Plumbers' work —Final (whole examination) . : Mechanical engineering—Grade I .. Mechanical engineering—Grade II .. Mechanical engineering—Final Structural engineering—Grade I . . Motor-car engineering—Grade I .. Carpentry and joinery—Grade I .. Carpentry and joinery—Grade II .. Carpentry and joinery—Final Cabinetmaking —Grade I . . Mine-surveying—Grade I .. Woodwork —First year Woodwork —Final Metal-work —First year Millinery Dressmaking Plain needlework. . Plain cookery 1 1 .... 2 11 1 1 11 6 : :: :: I i i . :: ::. \ ' l 1 .. .j 2 2 .. 38 25 23 8 i 1 1 37 33 .. 1 .. 23 15 : .. ..' 10 10 .. I 19 11 14 6 3 : :: ;: I "i 18 ]2 13 9 .... 4 3 5 3 2 2 13 9 8 4 .... 2 5 4 15 14 3 3 54 f 47 Totals, 1913 343 236 343 236 Totals, 1912 .. Hi 290 I * One candidate passed with distinction. f One candidate was awarded a bronze medal.

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Table J l4.—Return op Staffs of Schools and Classes for Manual and Technical Instruction conducted by the undermentioned Bodies as Controlling Authorities or Managers, as the case may be, during the Tear ending 31st December, 1913, Exclusive of Clerks, Caretakers, etc., and of Part-time Instructors receiving Salaries or Allowances of less than £100 per Annum. Auckland Education Board. —Director, £700. Assistant Director, £400. Forty-one instructors (maximum salary £375); also two itinerant instructors in agriculture, one at £400 and one at £350. Managers of the Elam School of Art.—Director and secretary, £450. Three instructors (maximum salary, £150). Taranaki Education Board.—Superintendent £80, and Assistant Superintendent £75 (also Inspectors of Schools). Director, £250. Five instructors (maximum salary, £206); also one itinerant instructor in agriculture at £100. Wanganui Education Board. —Six Directors at £450, £350 (also itinerant instructor in agriculture), £250, £62, £47, £20, respectively. Nineteen instructors (maximum salary, £320); also two itinerant instructors in agriculture, one at at £340 and one at £315. Palmerston North High School Board. —Director, £300. Two instructors (maximum salary, £275). Wellington Education Board. Ten instructors (maximum salary, £260); also itinerant instructor in agriculture at £325. Managers of the Wellington Technical College.—Director, £700. Twenty-two instructors (maximum salary, £330). Managers of the Petone Technical School. —Director, £75. Managers of the Masterton Technical School. —Director, £80. One instructor at £115. Hawke's Bay Education Board. —Director (also itinerant instructor in agriculture), £450. Four instructors (maximum salary, £230); also itinerant instructor in agriculture at £320. Managers of the Napier Technical College. —Director, £376. Four instructors (maximum salary, £368). Managers of the Waipawa Technical Classes. Director, £10. (lisborne High School Board. —Director, £25. One itinerant instructor in wool-classing, £225. Nelson Education Board. —Director (also instructor), £350. Six instructors (maximum salary, £250); also one itinerant instructor in agriculture at £350. Grey Education Board. —Director, £25. Four instructors (maximum salary, £200). North Canterbury Education Board. —Director (also Director, Christclmrch Technical College), £100. Four instructors (maximum salary, £200) j also two itinerant instructors in agriculture, one at £400 (also instructor, Christchurch Technical College), and one at £250. Managers of the Christclmrch Technical College.—Director, £600. Assistant Director, £360. Fifteen instructors (maximum salary, £290). Managers of the Ashburton Technical School. —Director, £300. One instructor at £150. Managers of the Kaiapoi Technical Classes. —Director, £25. Canterbury College Board of Governors. —-School of Art: Director, £500. Five instructors (maximum salary, £265). South Canterbury Education Board. —Director. £300 (also Director, Timaru Technical School). Three instructors (maximum salary, £210); also one itinerant instructor in agriculture at £350. One instructor (itinerant) in dressmaking, £163. Managers of the Timaru Technical School.—Director, £50. Managers of the Fairlie Technical School. —Director, £15. Managers of the Pleasant Point Technical Classes. —Director and secretary, £10. Managers of the Temuka Technical Classes. Director and secretary, £60. Managers of the Waimate Technical Classes. Director, £20. Otago Education Board.—Director, School of Art, £400. Ten instructors (maximum salary, £252). Three itinerant instructors in agriculture, each at £300. One itinerant instructor in wool-classing, £145. (See also Southland Education Board). Managers of the Dunedin Technical College.—Director, £600. Ten instructors (maximum salary, £270). Managers of the Oamaru Technical School. —Director and secretary, £100. Managers of the Milton Technical Classes. —Director and secretary, £16. Southland"Education Board. —Director, £400. Eleven instructors (maximum salary, £275); also one itinerant instructor in agriculture at £300, and one in wool-classing at £86. (See also Otago Education Board). Gore High School Board. —Director, £10.

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APPENDIX. MANUAL AND TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION IN THE SEVERAL EDUCATION DISTRICTS. AUCKLAND. Extract from. the Refokt of tub Education Boahd. Technical classes in Auckland were carried on during the year at a great advantage over previous years, on account of the new Seddoii Memorial Technical College being available; but, as was anticipated, the three stories of the new College proved quite inadequate for requirements, and the old Rutland Street building, as well as the JNormal School, had also to be utilized. The completion of the College by the addition of the two top stories is an urgent necessity. Domestic science (cookery and laundry-work) and woodwork were taught at the Manual-training Schools at l'onsonby, Newmarket, Newton, Devonport, Heleiisville, i'ukekoho, Thames, Waihi, Whangarei, Hamilton, and Cambridge, and woodwork only at the Otahuhu Manual-training School, it is hoped that during the year the Department will see its way to provide the necessary funds for the erection of similar schools at Te Kopuru, Dargaville, Waipu, Maungaturoto, Paparoa, and Te Aroha. Considerable progress was made with the teaching of agriculture in the primary schools, 192 schools being recognized for this subject, as against 167 m the previous year. The number of schools in which handwork was taught increased from 230 in 1912 to 267 during last year. Teaching of swimming and life-saving was given in nineteen schools during the year, being an increase of five on the previous year. Seventy-nine schools below Grade IV were recognized for the teaching of sewing, as against seventy-two in 1912. EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF THE INSPECTORS OF SCHOOLS. it is gratifying to know that school-gardens are being successfully carried on in an increasingly large number of schools, and that teachers are beginning to realize the importance of the work involved, which is now coming to be recognized as an essential part of the school curriculum. We have noticed, however, that operations in this connexion do not provide for sufficient co-ordination between indoor and outdoor work. It is most necessary that pupils should be familiar with actual gardening operations, know the best methods of digging and trenching, learn how to sow, plant, and cultivate the ordinary vegetables and flowers, be able to apply the processes connected with budding and grafting, understand something of the importance and means of destroying insect pests, and be conversant with other operations and processes learnt in the garden itself. But there are other matters equally necessary in a comprehensive course of gardening, matters which specially lend themselves to class-room treatment. We refer to such phases of the subject as the composition and nutrition of plants, the sources of foodsupply, the composition of air and water, and an examination of some of the commoner elements and compounds necessary for plant-life. We not infrequently find but little knowledge of these more or less theoretical but none the less necessary phases of the subject consequent upon confining the course of study mainly, if not entirely, to actual manual operations. The subject, in short, should be regarded as belonging partly to the garden and partly to the class-room, and no course of instruction will meet with our approval that fails to provide for the correlation of what we have termed indoor and outdoor work. In all schools of Grade IV and upwards, where facilities exist, gardening should be regarded an essential subject, and should provide much of the instruction in uature-study for pupils in the upper classes. G-ardening operations and naturestudy to some extent differ as to the objective: boch aim at developing observation, thoughtpower, reasoning ability, and verbal expression; both endeavour to interest the child in Nature and her laws; but whereas the latter aims mainly at quickening the natural curiosity and spontaneous activity of youth, the former adds the powerful economic interest, for gardening operations should not lose sight of the necessity for making the work profitable. " Agriculture, even in the grades, is something more than nature-study: It is nature-study plus utility; it is nature-study with an economic significance; it js nature-study which articulates with the afiairs of real men in real life; it is nature-study in which the child may influence the process; it is nature-study which distinctly stimulates industry." Extract from the Report of the Director of Technical Education and Manual Training. Handwork. —There was a slight increase in the number of schools in which handwork subjects, such as brush drawing, plasticine-modelling, free-arm drawing, crayon-work, paper folding and cutting, &c, were taught, the number being 267, as against 230 in 1912. Auckland City and suburban schools, as in previous years, received considerable assistance from the art instructors of the Technical College—Messrs. J. W. Ash and D. J. Pajne — who paid a number of visits to the schools during the year. It is now some years since similar instructors held classes in the country centres and have visited the country schools, and there is no doubt that if the finances would permit a great fillip would be given to the teaching of handwork in country schools by the appointment of one or more country art instructors.

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Swimming and Lift-saving. —Seeing liow important it is that all children should be taught swimming and life-saving, it is remarkable that so few teachers make any effort .to teach this subject in their schools. Out of more than six hundred schools in Auckland, in nineteen only was swimming and life-saving a recognized subject of the school curriculum, this being an increase of five over the previous year. Needlework. —Seventy-nine schools below Grade IV employed external sewing-mistresses under the .Manual and Technical .Regulations. The number of schools in which needlework was similarly taught in 1912 was seventy-two. Domestic Science and Woodwork. — Instruction in woodwork to boys, and cookery and laundrywork to girls, in the upper standards of the primary schools was given in the following manualtraining schools: Ponsonby, Newmarket, Newton, Devonport, Helensville, Pukekohe, Waihi, Thames, Cambridge, Hamilton, and Whangarei. Instruction in woodwork was also given at the Otahuhu Manual-training School. Speaking generally, the work carried out in these centres was very satisfactory, and the value of the training received by the children was much appreciated by the parents. Elementary Agriculture and Nature-study. —The teaching of agriculture in the primary schools continued to make steady progress. Not only was the number of schools in which this subject was taught increased from 167 in 1912 to 192 last year, but there was every evidence that the average quality of the work done by the pupils was much in advance of that done in any previous year. This success was in a very large measure due to the indefatigable efforts of the itinerant instructor —Mr. J. P. Kalaugher. There was veiy keen competition for the prizes offered by the Board for the best improvements in the school-gardens during the year, and it is much to be regretted that the Board has decided to discontinue the offering of such prizes. The rural course as laid down by the Department was taken in the following district high schools : Cambridge, Pukekohe, Paeroa, and Waihi. In order to make these courses as successful as possible the Board appointed in August last an itinerant agriculture instructor—Mr. A. V. Donnan, Diplome of the Hawkesbury Agricultural College in New South Wales. During the short time that Mr Donnan visited the district high schools at the end of last year his efforts were such as to make it very evident that the Board was most fortunate in securing the services of an instructor who, whilst possessing the necessary expert knowledge, was also a first-class teacher. Classes in elementary agriculture for country teachers were conducted by Mr. J. P. Kalaugher at the Technical College, Auckland, in January, in July, and in September. In all these classes, which were much appreciated by the teachers, excellent work was done. Technical Training of Teachers. —The teachers of the Auckland Training College, as in previous years, attended the Technical College for instruction in art, domestic science, and woodwork, the number of men students being forty-one and women students sixty-seven. Special classes for teachers, other than those who were students at the Training College, were held at the Technical College, Auckland, in the following subjects : Art, agriculture, arithmetic, algebra, book-keeping, botany, English, commercial geography, geometry, hygiene, Latin, and physiology. Two special short courses in botany and hygiene respectively were held at the College for country teachers who wished to obtain their D or C certificates in these subjects, and were unable to attend the full course at the College spread over the whole of the session. These special classes for teaciiers undoubtedly supplied a great want in the profession, and are certainly not the least important classes of the College, seeing that the better trained our teachers are the better educated will the children and thus the general community be. Compulsory continuation classes were established last year at Devonport and at Pukekohe. Some feelings of resentment were shown by students on account of their being compelled to attend these classes against their will: still, on the whole most satisfactory work was done. At Devonport the subjects taught were English, arithmetic, dressmaking, woodwork, book-keeping, and business methods, the number of individual students in attendance being thirty-four, and the number of class entries 107. At Pukekohe the subjects of instruction were English, arithmetic, dressmaking, woodwork, shorthand, and book-keeping, the total number of class entries being 129', and the number of individual students enrolled fifty. In addition to the compulsory continuation classes at Pukekohe and at Devonport, which have already been dealt with, technical and continuation classes were held last year at Thames, Whangarei, Waihi, Cambridge, and Te Aroha. Thames. —The classes at Thames proved even more popular than in the previous year, the number of individual students in attendance being ninety-one, and the number of class entries 286. Eighty-seven students sat for examination in December,, and of these fifty-one passed. The subjects of instruction were as follows: English, commercial arithmetic, shorthand, typewriting, book-keeping, woodwork, theory and practice of plumbing, and dressmaking. Whangarei. —At Whangarei the following classes were held last year: English, commercial arithmetic, woodwork, book-keeping, drawing, brushwork, poker-work, and painting. The number of individual students enrolled was forty-three, the number of class entries being seventyfive. Of the twenty-two students who sat for the examination in December fourteen passed. Waihi.— The following classes were conducted at Waihi: English, commercial arithmetic, shorthand, book-keeping, commercial correspondence, woodwork, cookery, and dressmaking' During the year Mr. S. H. Macky, who had been Superintendent of the technical and continuation classes at Waihi since their inauguration, was transferred to Auckland, and in consequence resigned his position as local Superintendent. Mr. A. T. Smith was appointed in his place The number of students enrolled was " sixty-three, the number of class entries being 176 The number of papers worked at the December examinations was thirty-three, and nineteen successes were obtained.

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Cambridge. —The Board's itinerant dressmaking instructor—Miss M. Noble—who also conducted the dressmaking classes at Waihi and Thames, held dressmaking classes at Cambridge, the number of students in attendance being four. Te Aroha. —A plumbing class, at which six students attended, was conducted at Te Aroha by Mr. Franklin, Sanitary Inspector to the Health Department. Four certificates were obtained in the Plumbing Examinations of the City and Guilds of London Institute, and three in the Plumbing Examinations held by the Auckland Technical College. In order that the public might have an opportunity of seeing some of the work done by pupils in the primary and manual-training schools and in the Technical College, a court was erected on the grounds of the Auckland Industrial Exhibition, which was held at the end of last year and the beginning of the present year. The collection of exhibits was a very comprehensive one, embracing as it did handwork such as brush drawing, &c, done by children in the primary schools; woodwork, laundry-work, &c, from the manual-training schools; and work done by pupils in the various classes of the Technical College, including dressmaking, millinery, applied art, architectural drawing, machine-drawing, carpentry and joinery, cabinetmaking, plumbing, foundry-work, smithing, turning and fitting, concrete-work, &c. That the exhibit was very interesting to the general public was shown by the large number of people who visited the court during the Exhibition. Seddon Memorial Technical College. —As has previously been stated, the three stories of the new College proved woefully inadequate for present requirements, and whilst it was found possible to house the day classes in the new College, for evening classes several rooms of the Normal School, Wellesley Street, as well as the old school building in Rutland Street, had to be made use of. The number of individual students enrolled at day and evening classes of the College last year was 1,627, as against 1,519 in the previous year. Day Technical School for Boys and Girls. —There was a slight increase in the number of pupils in the day school for boys and girls last year, the number being 345, as against 321 in 1912. The courses of instruction provided were the same as those of the previous year. There was a gratifying increase in the number of students taking up the agriculture course, the number in attendance being twenty, as compared with twelve in the previous year. Three acres of land for experimental purposes have now been provided by the Agricultural and Pastoral Association near to the Otahuhu Station, and it is hoped that this will have the effect of largely increas : :> ; the number of students taking up the agriculture course. Evening Classes. —Continuation Classes : Judging by the number of students in attendance at the continuation classes last year (101), there is still a large number of Boys and girls who leave school without having first passed the Sixth Standard. It is, however, gratifying to know that many of the best students we have passed through the Technical College have previously been students of the continuation classes, where they obtained their certificates of proficiency before entering the College proper. Last year twenty-seven of these students obtained certificates of proficiency, and nine certificates of competency. Technical Classes: The courses of instruction provided were the same as in the previous year. The work of the classes as a whole maintained the high standard of former year's. In the College examinations at the end of the year 1,336 papers were worked, the number of successes being 947, and the percentage of passes 70. In the examinations held by the City and Guilds of London Institute the students of the College were again very successful, no less than eighty-five certificates being obtained. This success compares favourably with any other in the Dominion. Now that the Board of Education, South Kensington, have discontinued the elementary examinations in science, and practically the whole of the elementary art examinations, the number of students who entered for these examinations was comparatively small. The number of successes obtained by Auckland students last year was thirteen, the most notable success being in building-construction, where three higher certificates were obtained. In conclusion, I wish to tender my thanks to the Board for the confidence it has shown in me by giving me so free a hand in carrying out the work of the Technical and Manual Training Branch. I also wish to express my appreciation to my staff for the energy and enthusiasm which they have shown in carrying out their duties. George George, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at Auckland, Devonport, Pukehohe, Te Aroha, Thames, Waihi. Whavqarei, and in the Waihato by the Auckland Education Board. - . . ~ . . Recei Pts- £ s. a. Expenditure. £ s. d. Cr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 3,75118 5 Salaries of instructors .. 5 651 2 4 Capitation on olasses .. .. .. 2,748 6 5 Office expenses (including salaries, etaCapitation on account of free places .. 1,307 3 9 tionery, &c.) .. .. 1 836 110 Capitation on account of day Teohnical Advertising and printing .. '.' 234 0 8 School .. .. .. .. 4,389 3 9 Lighting and heating .. .. " 281 10 2 Rent • • • ■ • • • • • • 344 0 0 Insurance and repairs .. . 108 15 1 Furniture, fittings, apparatus .. .. 1,200 0 0 Rent .. .. .. 236 13 0 Material .. .. .. .. 34 10 9 Material for class use '.'. " " 669 8 8 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 7 10 Auckland Exhibition exhibit 183 10 1 £ ees •• •• •■ •• .. 1,059 15 4 Jane E, MoLeoa Memorial Prize Fund re'Voluntary contributions .. .. 2 10 turned to donors .. 62 14 6 Sales of material .. .. .. 235 8 4 BuiMings .. •.. 9 892 12 8 Interest on Jane E. McLeoa deposit .. 48 9 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus " 3961 12 3 Miscellaneous .. .. .. ..90 10 10 " ' Dr. balance at end of year .. .. 7,943 12 11 R. Crowe, Secretary.

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Extract prom the Report op the Director of the Elam School op Art. The total number of attendances registered during the year was 26,434. This is slightly less than the previous year, the attendances towards the end of the year accounting for this. The work at the Auckland Industrial Exhibition took away a number of our artisan students, who like others had to work longer hours than usual ; and for the last two months the strike and the stoppage of the tram service made it impossible for many students, especially those living iit a distance, to attend as regularly as usual. The attendance of the more advanced students, those classed as " fourth year or over," was again excellent all through the year. Speaking generally, the work done during the year was very satisfactory, and although it was still necessary to hold the classes at two different parts of the city, on account of our new building not being ready, the work did not seem to suffer from the inconvenience to students and teachers. I had hoped that the year 19L'5 would have seen us installed in our new school, but from various reasons the commencement of the building was delayed, and later the progress suffered from the strike, in common with all buildings in course of erection. However, I am now assured that the new school will be quite ready for us by the time the classes recommence in March next. The attendance at the life classes has been excellent all through the year, and in most cases the students have made very noticeable progress in their work. Mr. Fristrom, the instructor, has a happy knack of arousing and keeping a very keen interest in their work in the students, and he is to be congratulated on the excellent work done in his classes during the year. Miss Copeland, who joined the staff of the school at the beginning of the year from the Wanganui Technical College, has also done much good work in her classes, and has succeeded in rekindling the interest of the students in such subjects as leather-embossing and stencil-work, which seemed in danger of languishing. The attendance at the wood-carving classes has not been quite so good as usual, but this may be partly accounted for by the fact that a number of the old students have taken up repousse copperwork in the clace of wood-carving. There is a small but representative exhibit from the school at the Auckland Industrial Exhibition which has attracted a large amount of attention. The action of the Education Department in bringing together at this Exhibition work from all the art schools in the Dominion is to be highly commended, the display being most interesting to students as well as to the public. In this connexion I regret that so far nothing has been done by the Education Department to replace by local examinations those of the Board of Education. London, which have bten so much altered as to be practically useless to the Dominion. E. W. Payton, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect'of Associated Glasses conducted by the Managers of the Elam School of Art. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on classes .. .. .. 960 12 8 Dr. balanoe at beginning of year .. .. 319 1 0 Buildings .. .. .. .. 750 0 0 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 790 0 0 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 80 0 0 Offioe expenses (including salaries, staPurniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 13 17 3 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 101 6 1 Material .. . .. .. 40 12 0 Advertising and printing.. .. .. 49 10 6 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 200 0 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 35 15 10 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 74 11 0 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 2 0 8 From trustees Elam bequest .. .. 291 9 3 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 226 0 0 Dr. balanoe at end of year .. .. 105 10 2 Material for class use .. .. .. 12 16 9 c Models.. .. .. .. .. 57 5 0 Sundries .. .. .. .. 2 14 6 Oontraots (new buildings, additions, &c.) .. 900 0 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 20 2 0 £2,516 12 4 £2,516 12 4 C. J. Tunks, Chairman ) ~, E. W. Payton, Secretary | of Managers. KXTRAOT FROM THE REPORT OF THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE HAMILTON HIGH SCHOOL. The only technical class conducted during the year was a class in plumbing. This was attended by twenty-four students, a considerable number of whom sat for the qualifying examination in'plumbing at the end of the session. Little interest is shown in technical instruction, ami so few students were forthcoming for classes in dressmaking, cookery, and woodwork that the Board deemed it inexpedient to conduct evening, classes in these subjects. R. English, Secretary. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at the Hamilton Technical School by the Hamilton High School Board of Governors. Receipts. £ «. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on classes .. .. 1.0 17 0 Salaries of instructors .. .. 20 0 0 Fees .. .. .. ■. .. 31 10 0 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 12 0 Dr. balance at end of year .. 88 10 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 2 16 Material for class use . . .. 23 14 4 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus . . . . 83 19 2 £130 17 0 £130 17 0 E. English, Secretary.

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TARANAKI. EXTRACT PROM THE REPORT OP THE InSFEOTOKS OP SCHOOLS. Some form of handwork has been taken up by the majority of the schools in the district. In addition to the ordinary handwork subjects, manual subjects were recognized by the Department in 159 cases, the subjects of instruction, with one or two exceptions, being the same as taken up in previous years. The advantages of the rural course at the Stratford District High School are becoming more widely recognized and appreciated by the parents of the district. It is now admitted by those competent to judge that the instruction provided is educational in the strict meaning of the term, and also utilitarian. The teaching of such subjects as physics, chemistry, dairying and agriculture lends itself to the adoption of the most modern methods, and the useful nature of the knowledge inculcated has been proved to be of service on the farm. One serious objection that parents advanced against this scheme —viz., the disadvantages under which intending candidates for the Public Service Junior Examination laboured —has now disappeared. Scholars taking the rural course have been prepared during the past year for this examination, and the percentage of passes has been very gratifying indeed. In the past the duration of the course in this branch of education has been two years, llie consequence has been that at the completion of the two years rural students, finding that no provision was made for more advanced work in the subjects of this course, and also discovering that the passing of Matriculation and Public Service Senior in the ordinary subjects was an impossibility, left the school. An extension of the rural course is necessary so that pupils can advance in the subjects of the course to the standard required by the Public Service Senior Examination. The problem of arranging this extension is intimately connected with the staffing of the schools, 'and is very difficult of solution, at least as far as district high schools are concerned, whose staffs are limited by regulation. The extension, however, will, if ever arranged, be of great benefit not only in lengthening the school life of many secondary students, but also in still further developing that mode of acquiring knowledge which has proved so successful during its first two years. During the past year a week was devoted to the more technical side of the various subjects, and in this time valuable assistance was rendered by Dr. T. L. Paget, who gave a short course of lectures in hygiene; Mr. W. Kirkman, who instructed the students in the technique of dairying; and by Mr. R. McK. Morison, who demonstrated on several branches of agriculture. The appointment of Miss E. A. Jackson, M.A., enabled the scientific teaching to be considerably extended. This teacher has been responsible for the chemistry and physical science of the firstyear students, as well as botanj- and hygiene for the same class. In addition to the dairy science and agriculture classes, Mr. Morgan has taken chemistry and physical science with the Public Service Junior classes, as well as the advanced science work. A two-years course has been provided in chemistry and physics, and the aim of the instruction has been to inculcate elementary principles that could be applied to the cognate subjects dairying, botany, and agriculture. As it is so absolutely essential that these principles should be thoroughly mastered, great attention has been paid to them. Besides serving as the foundation for other subjects, these sciences were taken by candidates at the Public Service Junior Examination. There is still scope, however, for more advanced work in these subjects. Dairying was probably the subject in which the students took keenest interest, due, no doubt,, to the fact that the knowledge derived could be so easily applied to home needs. A feature of this year's work, was the installation of a Gerber tester, and the comparison of results obtained by its use and the Babcock. In the hands of reliable students the Gerber gave results that compared very favourably with the more accurate but still more laborious gravimetric analysis; and its superiority as regards clearness of test, ease and rapidity of manipulation, over the Babcock was proved by students themselves. Another feature of the year's work which proved of inestimable benefit to the scholars was the instruction given by Mr. Kirkman at the Stratford Butter-factory. This short course resolved itself into two sections—the first dealing with the manufacture of butter on a large scale, and the second the application of modern principles to home churning, separating, and working, and preparation for the market. Elementary instruction, whenever possible out of doors, was given in surveying. The sightingcompass was used by the students in preparing sample road-maps, and for the purpose of elementary triangulation. The necessity of providing a model theodolite for this class was made apparent during the year, and this defect it is intended to remedy this year. Girls of the first and second divisions took a course in hygiene under Miss Jackson, whose instruction included lessons on food, elementary physiology, and first aid. The school was indebted to Dr. T. L. Paget for kindly consenting to give a short course on those parts of the syllabus that could only be adequately interpreted by an expert. It is recommended that the various elements which are at present rather loosely connected be more closely correlated, so that a more comprehensive scheme of domestic science could be formulated for the girls of the rural division. The work in agriculture alternated between laboratory experiments and outdoor work. The former included the chemistry of the subject, the testing of soils, manures, and seeds. The time available for outdoor work was spent in (1) the experimental plots—one on the cultivation of grasses under a scheme of co-operation with the Department of Agriculture, the other on the application of green-manuring to the cultivation of potatoes, mangolds, and turnips—(2) on the growing and care of the vine and tomato in the glasshouse. Mr. R. McK. Morison gave several lessons on pruning, grafting, and planting: of fruit-trees.

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Extract from the Report of the Director of the New Plymouth Technical School. At the New Plymouth Technical School the day classes have prospered steadily. During the year sixty-six students received tuition in one or other of the courses —commercial, industrial, and domestic. From the day classes six students were successful in passing the Junior Intermediate and the Public Entrance Examinations. The total number of students at all classes was 375. I should like to see students taking a longer course than many of them do. Not a great deal of good can be obtained in one year. In the commercial class the great drawback is the high price of typewriters. For a class of twenty students at least ten typewriters are necessary. This means an outlay of £180 out of a capitation of about £200. Of the night classes one of the most important was a dairy-science class for factory managers and employers. The class was conducted by Mr. A. H. Hustwick, and was well attended. Some of the students came as far as sixteen miles to attend. The course of lessons included—Full analysis of milk, both pure and adulterated, illustrating theory, as follows : Fat by Baboock test; theory of specific gravities; total solids, and deductions therefrom; ash; fat by chemical analysis, comparisons with Babcock test; interpretation of these results; colostrum milk, showing abnormalities compared with normal milk. Babcock test; the why and the wherefore, with experiments illustrating. Testing Babcock glassware. Analysis of butter : Moisture, salt; comparisons between factory and laboratory methods. Making and checking normal solutions (acid, alkali, silver, <fee). General laboratory practice. I still find that compulsory military training interferes with the night classes. It would be a good thing if sufficient accommodation could be provided to enable all drills for the week to be carried out in one night. At the City and Guilds of London Examination, held during the year, five of the plumbing students were successful in passing (either wholly or in part) the Plumbing Examination; while one student from the day class passed the First-grade Examination in Electrical Engineering. In addition to the classes held in New Plymouth itself, classes were also held at Urenui (dressmaking and millinery), Waitara (dressmaking and millinery), and Inglewood, Midhirst, and Tariki (dressmaking). These classes were well attended. As regards classes held at centres away from the railway, the great drawback is the time taken up in travelling. At the Stratford centre a number of technical and continuation classes were held. The class in dairy science was well attended. It was conducted by Mr. F. J. Morgan, M.Sc, who has devoted much time to the subject. The scheme of work dealt with the chemistry of milk, its preservation, its adulteration, chemical means of detecting fraud, &c. In connexion with fraud, a demonstration was given showing the detection of watered milk by the freezing process. The class was attended by most of the dairy-factory employers of the district. The total number of students at all classes was ninety-one. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Glasses conducted at New Plymouth, Waitara, and Urenui by the Taranaki Education Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on classes .. .. .. 273 15 9 Dr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 120 15 8 Capitation on account of free places .. 112 11 9 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 685 3 5 Buildings .. .. .. 18 2 0 Office expenses (including salaries, staPurniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 80 5 8 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. 20 10 9 Material .. .. .. .. 35 10 11 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 32 0 6 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 52 13 6 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 16 11 0 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 163 17 0 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 23 14 6 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 34 17 0 Material for class use .. .. .. 44 2 1 Deposit fees .. .. .. .. 116 11 0 Caretaker .. .. .. 29 16 6 Material sold .. .. . - .. 214 0 Refunds.. .. .. .. .. 113 0 6 Refunds.. .. .. .. 10 12 6 Rates .. .. .. .. .. 715 0 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 250 Contraots (new buildings, additions, &o.) .. 83 14 8 Dr. balance at end of year.. .. .. 340 9 3 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 67 0 9 £1,244 5 4 £1,244 5 4 R. W. Whbtteb, for Secretary. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at Stratford, Midhirst, and Tariki by the Taranaki Education Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Or. balance at beginning of year .. .. 34 12 0 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 155 1 3 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 50 110 Office expenses (including salaries, staRent .. .. .. .. 14 10 0 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 416 5 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 1 19 8 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 112 9 Fees .. .. .. .. 94 12 6 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 10 0 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 010 0 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 3 3 6 Material sold .. .. .. .. 16 3 Material for class use .. .. .. 1 5 11 Caretaker .. .. .. 12 12 6 Contracts (new buildings, additions, &c.) .. 14 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 3 15 6 Or. balance at end of year.. .. .. 13 0 5 £197 12 3 £197 12 3 R. W. Whbttee, for Secretary.

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Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at Inglewood, by the laranaki Education Board. Receipts. & s. d. | Expenditure. £ s. d. Cr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 18 12 6 j Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 27 10 0 Capitation on olasses .. .. .. 16 18 6 Office expenses (including salaries, staFurniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 210 0 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 016 0 Material .. .. .. .. 4 0 0 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 113 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 615 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 0 7 3 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 10 10 0 Material for class use .. .. .. 0 411 Befunds.. .. .. .. 10 0 0 Bates .. .. .. .. .. 10 0 Material sold .. .. .. .. 2 0 0 Caretaker .. .. .. .. 0 16 10 Buildings .. .. .. 10 17 6 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 5 19 Cr. balance at end of year.. .. .. 18 10 6 £66 6 0 £66 6 0 K. W. Whetter, for Secretary.

WANGANUI. Extract from the Report of the Education Boakd. During the year special classes were held at twenty-eight centres, the number of subjects being forty-three, the number of students in attendance at all classes 5,096, and the total number of individual students 1,928. The new .school building at Manaia was opened at the beginning of the year, but apart from the attendance of the day classes, the school, through lack of interest on the part of the residents, has failed to realize the expectations that were entertained of it. It is not too much to expect that during the present year this, the centre of a prosperous district, will fall into line and prove that prosperity and progress are not necessarily exclusive. There is at present a movement on foot at Foxton, Rongotea, and Kimbolton to secure funds for the erection of buildings suitable for the accommodation of day and evening technical classes. The Board is pleased to be in a position to report that, partly owing to careful management and partly owing to generous local contributions, the financial condition of the technical schools of the district has been placed on a sound footing. The Wanganui Technical College has already made up some of the deficit of the previous year in respect of finance. At the beginning of the year (1913) the compulsory clause embodied in the Amendment Act of 1910 was brought into operation at Wanganui, Wanganui East, Hawera, and Eltham. Concerning this matter the Superintendent of Technical Instruction and the Directors of the schools where the Act was operative have something to say, but the Board expresses the belief, after having read the reports on the working of the classes month by month, that the operation of the clause at the schools named has been entirely beneficial, and accordingly hopes that (lie application of it will be extended during the present year. Without question the best work in the technical department is done in elementary agriculture. I lie pupils taking the rural course at our district high schools outnumber those taking the literary course by nearly two to one. During the year farm camps in sheep-sheaiing, stock-judging, orcharding, wool-classing, and general agriculture were held both in the North and South, and pupils have been continuously in attendance at the Marton and Feilding school farms. The Board is sure that notwithstanding all the efforts made in the district to meet the requirements of agricultural education there is an immense field yet to be covered. In connexion with this phase of its work the Board again recognizes the strenuous work done by Mr. James Grant, Wanganui, Mr. R. A. Browne, Hawera, and Mr. O. A. Banner, Feilding. The thanks of the Board are due to the following gentlemen for the interest that they have shown in the agricultural training of our boys : To Mr. Short, of Parorangi, who allowed the boys to camp at his Almadale farm for the purpose of studying stock; and Mr. Matthews, of Mount Stewart, who put his flock of sheep at the disposal of the boys for shearing purposes; to Mr. Lonsdale, Manager of the Moumahaki State Farm, who allowed the boys to camp at the farm for the purpose of studying general agriculture; to Mr. J. Henson, of Waitohi, for the use of his farm and stud flock for shearing instruction; to Mr. J. G. Wilson, of Bull's, for the use of land, horses, and implements at the Marton School farm; and to Mr. F. Y. Lethbridge, of Makino, for the use of land for the purposes of a school farm at Feilding The Board has also to acknowledge the receipt of prizes and donations to be applied to the purposes of technical education from the following : Feilding , Agricultural and Pastoral Association, Feilding Borough Council, Feilding Chamber of Commerce, Eltham Borough Council, Eltham County Council, Foxton Horticultural Society, Hawera Borough Council, Wanganui Medical Conference, Wanganui Butchers' Union, Wanganui Shakespeare Club, Wanganui General Employers' Union, Wanganui General Labourers' Union, Wanganui Horticultural Society, St. John Ambulance Society, Wanganui County Council, Wanganui Builders' Association, New Zealand Farmers' Union (Feilding), New Zealand Farmers' Union (Hawera), Pohangina County Council, Rangitikei County Council, Kiwitea County Council. Extract from the Report of the Superintendent of Manual and Technical Instruction. Staff and Organization. —Several important changes in organization took place during the year. Mr. Banner, who had held the combined positions of Supervisor of Agriculture and Director of Technical Education for the Southern District, found that he could not do justice to both, and was accordingly relieved of the directorship, his place being filled by the appointment to that office of Mr. James Matthews, whose record as Director and instructor at Apiti recommended

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him to the Board. There is no doubt but that Mr. Banner has found his appropriate niche and that Mr. Matthews will make his work at Feilding a success. In the North Mr. H. W. Jackson was appointed to assist Mr. Browne, the Director of the Hawera Technical School, but, though the appointment relieved Mr. Browne to some extent, the position in south Taranaki cannot be considered satisfactory till Mr. Browne, like Mr. Banner, is able to give the whole of his time to agriculture. Unfortunately, south Taranaki is a much smaller district than the Board's Southern District, and the capitation allowance is insufficient to free it from financial stress; but if south Taranaki were to emulate north Taranaki, and make a small contribution towards technical education on the basis of its output of butter and cheese, the whole of Mr. Browne's time could be devoted to agricultural teaching and investigation, to the great advantage of south Taranaki, which, prosperous though it be, could be made vastly more prosperous by utilizing to the fullest extent Mr. Browne's splendid qualifications. Scope of Work. —lt may be worth while to consider the various ramifications of the manual and technical subjects in our school courses. It should be premised that in the primary-school course there is neither specialization nor anything in the shape of vocational work. Handwork at this stage, and for the most part at the secondary stage also, is merely a .member of the copartnery of school subjects leading up to right thinking, right feeling, right willing, and right acting, that tend to produce capacity and character. In the primary school, then, handwork comprises drawing in pencil, chalk, or brush; constructive work in paper, cardboard, plasticine, all ending in elementary science (usually agriculture) and woodwork for the boys, and cookery and home science for the girls, who also take needlework during the entire course. In the secondary departments the work in some respects tends a little towards specialization and the vocations. The tendency is manifest in the engineering classes at the Wanganui Technical College, in the commercial classes of all the schools, in the elementary agriculture of all the schools, and more particularly at the school farms and the agricultural camps. Handwork and technical work in the secondary departments may be set out thus : Elementary science (compulsory for all pupils); constructive work—engineering (Wanganui), woodwork, metal-work, practical mathematics, constructional drawing for boys and brushwork for girls, and, for girls only, cookery, dressmaking, laundry-work, and home science. To this should be added commercial work, taken largely by both boys and girls. In the continuation and Junior Free Place classes, where a manual or technical subject must be taken, it is usually taken in the form of woodwork, metal-work, engineering, art or commercial work. Manual and technical classes for adults cover a wide range of subjects, the chief of which are commercial work, domestic arts, agriculture, pure and applied art. It is but a matter of time, fortunately, when the adult technical class as we have known it will disappear altogether, for an adequate system of technical instruction is developing which will by and by be an integral part of the education of all young people from the primary school to the university. Much of the last paragraph might, at the first glance, be characterized as so much parade, but it is hot parade without a purpose. It suggests the very pertinent question, What is the justification of it all 1 This is not the place to defend manual and technical work on the general principle that any education that fails to provide for it is incomplete; here it must be justified on the ground that it contributes to the well-being of the State by facilitating the production and exchange of wealth. That the manual and technical work taken in our district does this is perhaps evident from the following considerations : The pupils in our commercial classes are eagerly sought for; more and more of the pupils in our secondary classes are taking practical courses leading - to specialization and the vocations; constructive classes, such as engineering, building-construction, carpentry, and plumbing, contribute to the efficiency of labour; the domestic arts classes contribute to personal efficiency; and classes in the various branches of agriculture stimulate the direct production of wealth. Of course, there are, as in all educational work, waste and misdirected effort, but these will be more and more eliminated as technical training is more nearly adapted to social and economic needs. As compared with the previous year, there was a great increase in the number of attendances as well as in the number of individual pupils, a fact that is accounted for in the Central and Northern Districts by the operation of the compulsory clause. The greatest increase took place in the commercial classes. The problem will now be to provide other classes sufficiently useful and attractive to withdraw the attention of the pupils from the allurements of the desk and typewriter. Dressmaking fell off' in the Centre and North, but increased in the South. It is one of those subjects that require a periodic rest. The number of adults, apart from teachers, taking agriculture was eighteen —ten at Hawera and eight at Feilding—an increase of two on the previous year. This number does not include the demonstrations to farmers given by Mr. Browne in the Northern District. The attendance in magnetism and electricity increased from thirty-six to fifty-four, there being forty-one pupils at Wanganui and thirteen at Hawera. At the present time teachers in this subject are urgently required both at Wanganui and Feilding, but impossible to procure. Considering the importance of the subject in the arts and industries the lack of capable teachers is greatly to be regretted. At Wanganui the number in attendance at the mechanical-engineering classes rose from twenty-seven to thirty-four, but there was a slight falling-off in applied mechanics. In view of the superior equipment and teaching-ability, it is a matter for regret that so many young people engaged in the engineering trade fail to take advantage of the instruction offered. We have now had a complete year's experience of the working of the compulsory clause as applied to continuation classes. Considering the far-reaching nature of the innovation, it is surprising that it has been administered with so little friction. The liberal scale of exemptions, and the fact that the attendance of girls has not been insisted on, have no doubt conduced to a quiet acceptance of the position on the part of both parents and pupils. Irregular attendance

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was prevalent at first, but as soon as it was seen that a penalty attached to a breach of the regulations defaulters were speedily brought to heel. Other difficulties besides that of attendance were experienced : for reasons of economy pupils attending under the clause, and pupils who had gained Junior Free Places, were placed in the same classes in some subjects, a very regrettable but unavoidable arrangement. Different courses should be arranged for the two kinds of pupils. Those who fail to secure at the primary schools either competency or proficiency certificates should no doubt be required to continue their formal work in English and arithmetic till they reach a reasonable standard of competency, but those leaving school with either the one certificate or the other might very well take their English and arithmetic along with their technical subject. Suppose, for example, that the pupil is taking engineering, he should be required to write clear and accurate descriptions of the tools and machinery in use, their purpose, manufacture, adaptation to their uses, and their historical development; while, so far as arithmetic is concerned, the calculations needful to describe their construction, method of working, and efficiency should be sufficient. It is the exceptional pupil who desires to continue his formal studies; the majority do not object to apply what they have already learned, but they detest what appears to them to be learning for learning's sake. Another difficulty arises from "the fact that at the smaller centres students over seventeen do not care to attend with pupils much younger; but this is a difficulty that in time will cure itself. In two respects the Act appears to need amendment: pupils who reach the age of seventeen find that if they are to continue their studies they must pay the class fees, an obstacle that may prevent their reaping the best fruit of their previous studies. If they are compelled to attend till they are seventeen it would appear to be a reasonable sequel to allow them to attend voluntarily till they are twenty-one free of charge especially if their work and conduct be favourably commented on by the Principal of the school' Ihen, again, it is possible for a pupil to qualify for exemption from attendance at the primary school at the age of thirteen, while by statute he is not required to attend the continuation school till he has reached the age of fourteen, and thus his attendance is lost durino- the very year that it would prove most useful to him. I have to thank Mr. Clark, organizer of technical classes Wanganui, and Messrs. Jackson and Lightbourne, of Hawera and Eltham, for detailed information on the working of the compulsory clause. One thing remains to be done—the Legislature should pass an Act requiring employers to allow employees between the ages of fourteen and seventeen tune off for the purpose of attending continuation classes. It is doubtful if employers would lose much by adopting such a course, and it is certain that the employees would gain much Till such a measure is passed we shall have travelled but half-way in the direction of establishing an equitable and efficient system of continuing the work done in the primary school I have received from each of the special instructors reports which show "interest'in their work sympathy with their pupils and a lively faith in the cause that they represent. The Technical Committees continue to render great service to the cause of education by giving much of their time, influence and business ability to the advancement of technical education. In the smaller towns some of the Committees have voluntarily coalesced with the District High School Committees The time appears to be ripe when the Technical School Committees should receive statutoTrecoi nitron, in the same way as such recognition is conferred on School Committees. It is with sincere pleasure that I record my conviction that the Board has in its manual, technical, and agricultural staff an altogether exceptional body of men and women-exceptional in their ability Tn their character, and m their loyalty to each other and to the Board. aouity, m tlicir G. D. Bbaik, Superintendent. Extract from the Report of the Director for the Northern District The past year has seen distinct developments in this district. In the first place the com pulsory attendance of pupils at continuation classes was brought into force at Hawera and at Eltham, with distinct advantage to the running of both schools. The individual enrolments a As regards special classes at Hawera, two in gymnastics for I'lrhV* +™1 v those for whom they were intended-the free-plSe "?rls f C6pt amol,J? T ***>"-«** siting, has btlTounrnSLar 6 ; £ef *" » * of the earnings of the school. Now that T' T I *"* Small P Ortion fee receipts will tend to disappear entirely edU ° atl ° n 1S ° btamed under *c compulsory clause

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Outside Hawera and Eltham little has been done in the way of regular classes, unless we count lectures and demonstrations to farmers. Dressmaking was taken at Kapuiu, Manaia, Mangatoki, and Patea; drawing and painting at Waverley, Patea, Matapu, and Mangatoki. At present rates of capitation we can count out classes in the smaller centres unless under the most favourable conditions. Lectures and demonstrations have been given to farmers and others at Manaia (three), Otakeho (three), Itawhitiroa, Mokoia (three), Hawera, Eltham, Meremere, Ohangai, and Ngutuwera. Except at Ohangai and Meremere the attendance was in all cases good. Farmers now regularly apply to us for advice as regards putting down and the treatment of their pastures, growing fodder crops, orcharding, &o. ' As a result we can now count on the whole-hearted support of the farming community. The work of the year has shown that it is inadvisable to force pupils to attend classes in English and arithmetic under the compulsory clause where these students are already well up in those subjects. I should recommend some oral arithmetic and book-keeping, also a little composition be taken each night in connexion with the subjects of a course of work. This could very easily be done, and would give needed variety to the evening's work. A further recommendation is that the regulation as regards a minimum number of hour attendances for free pupils in each subject should be relaxed where, say, a half-hour class is taken as part of a course — e.g., where window-ticket writing forms part of a commercial course, or where, say, elementary book-keeping forms part of a domestic course. Improvements to grounds and attention to environment have received a great deal of attention, and our efforts are bearing fruit in school surroundings that give pleasure to the senses, and at the same time cultivate in the children the best of habits. In the leading schools the children assume control of hedges, and plant orchards, shrubberies, and flower-borders. They prepare, keep in order, and use lawns, and in many other ways take pride in the appearance of grounds and buildings. In this connexion the Hawera Agricultural and Pastoral Association and also the Winter Show Committee, give prizes for the best-kept grounds. A special feature this year was made of courses of work. A couple of schools would be taken morning or afternoon for a week, and special attention devoted to some phases of agriculture or dairy-work — e.g,. study of pasture plants, the care of pastures and top-dressing, lucerne-growing, manures and their application to crops, orchard-work in all its branches, sterilization and cleansing of milk-vessels. This method of instruction has proved itself infinitely superior to an occasional lesson. It is hoped to bring the teachers to a centre for instruction in such topics. In connexion with the above courses of work lectures and demonstrations were given to farmers, who attended well, and showed keen appreciation of the possibilities of agricultural instruction. Donations of manures, fruit-trees, shrubs, and flowers were freely given to the schools. While no objection is made to the growing of a variety of crops in the school-gardens, special encouragement is given to manurial and cultural experiments dealing in rotation with root and fodder crops, and already tangible results are in evidence. In nearly all our schools lucerne is being experimented with. Whenever time could be given to such work an attempt was made during the year to show how the inherent love of the open in children could be turned to good account. Teachers generally are rattier afraid of placing themselves in the hands of the children as regards nature-study, which is very easily taken if the natural instincts of the child are encouraged. Owing to difficulties met with in running the rural course, special means had to be taken to overcome these, and as a result we hit upon a plan that spells success in this work. As regards instruction in practical work, this is now taken in short courses of a fortnight three times a year. The first fortnight followed after the reopening of the schools, and consisted in the past year first of instruction in practical farm-work at Moumahaki State Farm. Here we were kindly received, and every encouragement given to the lads, who took a hand in practically all the ordinary operations of the farm. The second fortnight—in July at Hawera—was given over to practical work in dairy science, top-dressing, and orcharding. Practically all the orchards of the town were placed at our disposal, and whatever was necessary in the way of sprays, &c, was provided by the owners. As a result our lads became so expert that they were later able to take on work on their own account, earning monej' freely throughout the year. In December an attempt was made to start shearing. Over a thousand sheep were available, but owing to continued wet weather, on only two days could active shearing be attempted. However, plenty of instruction was given in setting up and sharpening blades, in studying woolsorting, and the structure of wool. Owing to the continued bad weather arrangements were then made for the lads to meet at the head factory of the Hawera Dairy Company. Here the staff, and especially Mr. Dunlop, the general manager, gave every encouragement to the boys, who were initiated into every department of practical dairy-factory work. The manager expressed himself as quite agreeable at any time to run the factory by the help of our lads alone. Unfortunately, from the three district high schools at Eltham, Patea, and Hawera only some dozen boys were available for this summer course. At a public meeting held at Hawera in December, and attended by representatives of farmers and townspeople, unanimous endorsement was given to the rural work now taken in this district. Both sections of the community recognize its value, and are anxious to extend its scope. To this end a Junior Collegiate School is asked for. Such a school would meet the agricultural wants of southern Taranaki for many years to come. Extract from the Report op the Supervisor for the Central District. Marton. —This year has, on the whole, been more successful than last. The response to the efforts made has not been as satisfactory as we would have liked. It seems strange that classes in agriculture and wool-classing do not interest the younger farmers, but such is our experience.

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The classes in dressmaking started well, but gradually dwindled down to an attendance of three. Of the new classes the one in German, conducted by Mr. Palm, has been most successful. One pleasing feature is the liberal response by local bodies in the matter of contributions to the school funds. Taihape. —Three classes—dressmaking, woodwork, and book-keeping—were conducted, during the year, and were fairly attended. Hunterville. —Notwithstanding vigorous efforts only one class was started in this place. It was confidently expected at the beginning of the year that several classes would be formed, but when the time to start arrived there was but one small class offering. During the year all the school-gardens with the exception of two have been visited at least once, some gardens several times. The work done by the pupils, as in former years, has varied in direct proportion to the amount of interest displayed by the teacher. In many cases good work has been done; in a few cases the work has been disappointing. It was expected that a selection of experiments from the leaflet would be attempted by the pupils, and that tlie results would be set down faithfully, yet several schools omitted these experiments altogether. In some schools the experiments were well done. It is customary in some schools to work the garden up till the Christmas holidays, but after the holidays no attempt is made to estimate the weight of the various crops per acre. This work is important as a training in method, and should on no account be neglected. The notebooks are still a stumbling-block. Some consist of blackboard transcriptions. The other extreme is reached by those who never look at what the pupils are putting in the books. It is necessary again to state that the pupils' part should be kept separate from the teacher's notes, but that the pupils' work needs the constant supervision and criticism of the teacher. The flower-gardens are increasing both in number and quality. ' The tools are in a satisfactory condition. A few renewals have been made during the year. The school-gardens have been receiving a considerable amount of attention. Very good work has been done during the year at Marton District High School and Fordell. Orchards are coming slowly. So far the best one is at Ruahine. The nature-study part of the course is very often lacking. There is nothing to be gained in this work by teaching scraps of botany. What is wanted is to follow the growth of some tree, shrub, or annual plant during the whole year, and note the changes that take place from week to week and record these by notes and sketches. Several schools have been doing this during the year. A sample notebook is sent to me monthly for examination. The teacher's part in this exercise is to direct the pupils and to advise them in cases of any difficulty they may experience. The Rangiwahia Agricultural and Pastoral Association gave handsome prizes for competition among the school-gardens in that district. One result was a marked improvement in the appearance of the gardens. The Marton Agricultural and Pastoral Association is offering prizes for the judging of stock. The competition should interest the lads who have been to the Almadale camps, and it is hoped they will roll up in force. A class for practical work in elementary physiology and hygiene met regularly every Friday evening throughout the year. Most of the students were working for the D examination. On Saturday afternoons a class of teachers took practical dairy science for the same examination. The requirements for the "practical certificate in both these subjects will next year be in advance of what was required this year. The students will have to work longer hours or else take two years to the course. After this it will not be possible to give much instruction in theory, so that the students should note that the mastering of the facts of the sciences should be undertaken early in the year. Those who study hardest will profit most from the practical course. Dr. Hatherly gave a series of lectures to the students in the physiology class on first aid and ambulance. On Fridays throughout the year I taught the boys of the rural course botany, dairy science, and agriculture. The senior boys spent some considerable time at the examination of seeds. In dairy science the boys learned the use of the Babcock and Gerber testers, the acid test, the buttermoisture test, the various tests for added preservatives, and for pasteurization. The theoretical side of agriculture was studied. The girls of the domestic course had lessons in horticulture during a part of the year. A small garden is being prepared, and it is proposed to grow vegetables for the use of some of the cookery classes in the College. Both the boys and girls have had practical work in pruning. The boys in the Marton and Taihape District High Schools received twenty hours' instruction in dairy science on similar lines to the boys in the Technical College. During the first half of the year I taught one day a week in the Hunterville District High School. I gave lessons in chemistry, botany, dairy science, and agriculture. The work taken at the Marton School farm this year does not differ very much from that taken last year. Mr. R. B. Ryder gave a series of lessons on wool-classing. Mr. Banner and I undertook the lessons on farm practice, farm animals, first aid to farm animals, and farm mechanics. This year the boys from Feilding did not attend. The total enrolment was thirty-four. The boys came from Taihape, Hunterville, Marton, and Wanganui. Towards the end of the year a considerable number of boys left to take situations. During the second week in March we had a camp at Mr. Short's farm at Almadale for the purpose of studying the Hereford, the Clydesdale, and theßomney. The weather was bad and to some extent marred the work. As at last camp, a typical animal was studied, and when the boys had mastered the leading features of this animal, other animals were brought along and compared with the first. On the last day of the camp an examination in horse-judging was set and supervised by Mr. Carruthers. Six Clydesdales which the boyshad not previously seen were selected. The boys were required to pick the first, and third best out of the six. and write out their reasons for their decision. This test was _ witnessed by a number of farmers. Messrs. Burrell and Booth represented the Feilding Agricultural and Pastoral Association, who were giving the prizes for the judging test. The gold medal was awarded to J. Stewart, Feilding District High School, the silver medal to J, A.

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Delves, Wanganui Technical College. It is noteworthy that on Messrs. Burrell and Booth's report being given to the Feilding Agricultural and Pastoral Association some fourteen prizes were immediately donated for the next March camp. It will be necessary to remain in camp a fortnight in order to qualify for all these prizes. In carrying out the rural course of instruction under the direction of the Board it has been the custom to give the boys practical work under actual farming-conditions. In this way lessons have been given on some phases of animal husbandry and agriculture. This year a new series of lessons in animal husbandry was instituted—namely, sheep-shearing. At first some difficulty was experienced in getting sheep for the experiment, but after some time a couple of farmers were found who had enough faith to allow the boys to try their 'prentice hands on their flocks— Mr. John Henson, of Mount Stewart, and Mr. A. Matthews, of Sandon. Mr. Henson gave the use of his shearing-shed, which is distant from Feilding about five miles, llie board accommodated eight boys. The shed contained the appliances found in most sheds, except shearingmachines. Our camp equipment was designed for fine-weather conditions. We had a large marquee for use as a dining and sleeping room, but it was not a success. It leaked very badly, and was blown down on two occasions. A new marquee was obtained, but it proved no better than its predecessor. It was far from being waterproof, and had to be abandoned. Fortunately there was a small whare near the shearing-shed. This was cleaned out and made a tolerably good bedroom and dining-room. A couple of small tents were obtained, and served very well for a number of the boys to sleep in. The boys had to undertake • their own cooking. The Feilding contingent had received lessons in cramp cookery from Mrs. Woolf. They cooked potatoes, meat, and puddings well, and even managed to bake scones. The groups of boys who cooked the meals were so arranged that each group contained at least a couple of Feilding boys. The weather from the 24th November was must unseasonable. Rain fell daily on ten consecutive days, thus making it most difficult to get the sheep dry enough for shearing. The number of boys selected for the camp was twenty-four. Two failed to come, hence the roll number was twentj--two. These came from Wanganui (five), Marton (one), Hunterville (three), and Feilding (thirteen). The training of the boys in shearing and wool-craft was in the hands of Mr. W. T. Hambly, who has had a lifelong experience among sheep and wool. We are also deeply indebted to Mr. John Henson and his sons, and to Messrs. Reid and Mitchell, for much valuable help given during the camp. During the first few days the boys had abundant practice in the following operations : Picking up and throwing out of fleeces, skirting, classing, rolling, placing in bins, pressing, sewing bales, branding, and drawing up specifications for the wool-broker. After twenty bales were thus dealt with the first lessons in sheaving were given. Ihe boys were taken in pairs and the correct methods of catching the sheep and bringing it on to the board and of holding it for shearing were explained and practised in detail. After three days' practice the boys shore 185 lambs and ewes. With better weather-conditions this tally could easily have been surpassed. Lessons were also given in wool-classing, establishment and management of a flock, both from the farmer's and the manufacturer's standpoint. The boys were not allowed to sacrifice neat work for speed. The result of this policy was that the_ sheep received very few cuts, and were neatly and closely shorn. The men most interested —Messrs. Henson and Matthews —have declared publicly that they are most satisfied with the work of the boys. The conduct of the boys was excellent. Notwithstanding the many discomforts they had to put up with there was not a murmur from a single boy. An examination in shed practice lasting nearly five hours was given. The boys acquitted themselves satisfactorily, gaining marks ranging from sixty-six to ninety. It is recommended that the next camp be held earlier, and that it be continued for a month. Boys could be brought out in two relays of twenty-five each. The time may be stated provisionally as from the middle of October to the middle of November. Extract prom the Rkport op the Supervisor for the Southern District. It is very satisfactory to note that the roll number and the average attendance for the year broke previous records. The total term enrolments for the district numbered 1,018, while individual students reached the total of 577. There were fifty-seven free-place students—fortyfive junior'and twelve senior—on the rolls. Despite the fact that many of the students had to travel long distances to attend their respective classes, the attendance throughout the district has been very satisfactory. A word of praise is due to the instructors for the efficient manner in which they have performed their duties. It is gratifying to know that although some of the itinerant instructors have to travel in some instances over thirty miles to classes in the outlying districts, they have braved rain and flood and Met their students at the appointed hour. Examinations, City and Guilds of London: Plumbing, four passes; St. John Ambulance Association, first aid, fourteen certificates; book-keeping—preliminary two passes, junior two passes; shorthand, five certificates; proficiency certificate, two passes; Senior Free Place, seven qualified. In the arts crafts, twenty-one awards—twelve firsts, seven seconds, two very highly commended —were gained. Mr. Primmer, Government Veterinarian, delivered lectures at Feilding and Rongotea. The Committee used its best endeavours to get compulsory continuation classes inaugurated, but without success. It is to be hoped that next year will see the introduction of free compulsory continuation classes in Feilding. Thanks are due to the local bodies, the Chamber of Commerce, the Agricultural and Pastoral Association, and private subscribers for donations received during the year. Classes for teachers in art, agriculture, and singing have been taken throughout the year. I have to express pleasure at the good work done by the Technical School Committee of the district. Technical classes have been conducted during the year at the following centres: Apiti, Pohangina, Kimbolton, Rongotea, Foxton, Kiwitea, Ashhurst, Bunnythorpe, Cdlyton, Sanson, and

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Awahuri. The work done at these centres has been of good quality, and the instructors concerned are deserving of special thanks. The people of Apiti still maintain a keen interest in technical education. At Eongotea an endeavour is being made to erect a fully equipped building. A good start was made at Foxton during the last term. At Feilding the total roll was 551. There were thirty-seven free-place students —twenty-six junior and eleven senior—on the rolls. Classes were held in the following subjects, the roll numbers being shown in parentheses : English (35), arithmetic (35), book-keeping (17), shorthand and typewriting (37), plumbing (14), agriculture (8), woodwork (9), art (23), wood-carving and metal-work (18), dressmaking (45), art needlework (34), cookery (4), elocution (13), ladies' tailoring (26), home nursing (13), motor class (31), first aid (24), teachers' singing (58), teachers' art (80), teachers' agriculture (31). In conclusion, I wish to thank the Chairman of the Board, the Director of Education, and all those ladies and gentlemen who so willingly assisted in the formation of classes at the various centres, and also the teachers for their co-operation. Mr. 0. A. Banner reports as follows : — During the year all the school-gardens except two have been visited. Forty-eight schools took the agricultural course, having an approximate total enrolment of 700, with an average attendance of 612. Thirteen schools took the combined course of agriculture and dairying, having a total approximate enrolment of 268, and an average of 244. The work is showing a decided improvement, more attention being paid to school-grounds. Fruit-trees are occupying an important place in the school-garden, which adds more interest in the various operations of culture. The notebooks could in a number of cases be largely improved upon, the main objection being that too often they are written up at the dictation of the teacher, and so individual effort is crushed. The garden tools were well kept. In some instances fresh supply of tools will soon have to be made, the tools having outlived their usefulness. The year has been a most successful one in the secondary work. Our heartiest thanks are due to Mr. F. Lethbridge and his manager, Mr. McLeod, for their assistance in making the practical farm-work possible. Thirty-five boys of the Feilding District High School completed the course of work taken at the farm, out of a total enrolment for the year of forty-two. Potatoes have been the main crop sown this year. The Christmas vacation was upon us before the completion of operations, but thanks to the enthusiasm of the boys we were able to complete the spraying, &c. One important point comes to light, in view of the probability of agricultural high schools, and that is the great advisability of having a short vacation at Christmas and a long one at midwinter, when farm operations are almost suspended. During the mouth of June an onslaught was made on a number of orchards around the town, where the boys pruned the trees and mixed and applied sprays. More orchards were offered by the residents than could be availed of. The science work was also taken at the Feilding District High School, which included four matriculation boys, thirteen boys for other examinations (chiefly Public Service), and twenty-five rural-course boys. Botany, chemistry, and physical measurements were the subjects taken. At Bull's agriculture was taken, the main difficulty being the practical work. Ihe work was done in the school plots, which is not altogether satisfactory working with the primary pupils. The prospects for the Southern District for next year are exceedingly bright. At the teachers' class on agriculture at Feilding the syllabus for Class C was worked through, the main difficulty being the practical work. Plenty of laboratory practice was given, pruning, &c, being carried out. Our main difficulty is the distance of the farm plot from town. In view of departmental regulations regarding practical work (total of eighty hours), I beg to strongly recommend that next year's agricultural class for teachers be taken at Marton. Having a class-room, land to work, convenience of trains, all make for more satisfactory conditions both for instructors and students. The attendance dwindled down towards the end of the year, and in future I think it will be better to award ihe certificates during November. An examination was given at the end of the year, ten being in attendance, and all doing well. Extract prom the Report of the Principal op the Wanganui Technical College. The College opened on Tuesday, the 4th February, with 174 pupils. The total number of pupils enrolled during the year was 190, made up as follows : Girls, 94; boys, 96 : total, 190. We have completed the year with some 134 pupils on the roll (60 boys and 74 girls). Many of our senior pupils have left within the last month to go to positions in town, but in practically all these cases the maximum amount of capitation has been earned. I feel, however, that the Education Department is not sufficiently stringent in safeguarding the Free Place Regulations from abuse. These regulations were not framed with a view to allowing irresponsible pupils, at the instance of irresponsible parents, to attend for a few months only and then leave for the first offer of work that comes along. Such pupils are of little use to any school, and mean a great financial loss to the country. We have reason to feel gratified at the improved financial position of the day classes this year, our capitation earnings being about £350 in excess of last year's. There is still room, however, for much improvement, as out of the five departments (high school, commercial, engineering, agricultural, and domestic) only the two first mentioned can show revenue in excess of expenditure. I am glad to say that of the three immediate requirements outlined in my last annual report we have this year been successful in attaining one—viz., the institution of a domestic course. This course was established with an attendance of some fifteen girls, and, though it is not yet carrying out the whole scheme of work proposed for it, still it has made a fine start, and promises great success for the future. lam still looking forward with eagerness to the time when we can have a science master. With three laboratories to be maintained in an efficient state, with a wide range of science subjects to be taught under more exacting conditions than formerly, and with a growing demand for evening science classes, there is quite sufficient

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work in science alone for a highly qualified teacher. At present I have myself to take a large portion of the science work, the result being that the laboratories cannot be maintained as they should be, and the necessity of squeezing in the requisite amount of practical instruction among other multifarious duties is certainly very disheartening to any one dissatisfied with merely second-rate work. I think we are moving forward a step in the direction of founding a boarding establishment. At the time of writing consideration is being given to securing an option over a piece of land in the vicinity of our College grounds. I feel sure that if twenty influential citizens could be got to take the matter up the residential portion of the College would shortly be an accomplished fact. I firmly believe that such an establishment would be the very life of the engineering, agricultural, and other technical courses, and as now the Board has the right of deciding on the place of residence of scholarship-holders who require board, these, too, could be housed and supervised under the very best conditions. It is with feelings of much gratification that I was enabled to proceed this year with the publication of the first number of our College magazine, tlie Index. I hope that it will secure extensive circulation and intensive reading. As it is obtainable for the small sum of Is., I hope parents will see that there is at least one copyin every home. I desire to thank the editors and all others who in any way contributed towards the production of the magazine. During this year there have been few changes on the staff. Miss M. Steven, 8.A., B.Sc, entered the school in February in succession to Miss Gordon, as assistant in the High School department, and she has fully justified the wisdom of the Board in appointing her to the position. Mr. A. Morrison, assistant to the engineering department, left in September, and was succeeded by Mr. Frank. Jackson, who came to us with very high credentials. Miss A. Aramburu entered on her duties as Registrar at the beginning of the year. I can touch only briefly upon tlie athletic side of our school life, though in my opinion it is of exceedingly great importance, since every kind of strength and success in life has a physical basis. The Index will supply full details to those seeking them. Our tennis-courts were ready for play before the end of March, and ever since have afforded much pleasure to the girls and boys of the school. Though not yet adepts in the game, we expect our girls soon to be carrying off laurels in competitions with other schools. Ihe football season was very successful, and though our boys did not win the coveted victory in the match again Palmerston High School, still they showed their mettle, and proved themselves quite worthy of their promotion to the rank of third-grade players. In cricket and hockey our boys and girls had successful seasons, as the reports in our magazine fully testify. The swimming tournament held in April was a thorough success, and our first athletic meeting, held in Cook's Gardens on tlie 16th April, proved to the public the rapid strides our school organizations have made. Our Cadet Corps received a supply of uniforms early in the year, and now we are waiting for rifles to complete the equipment. The high standard of efficiency by the corps was evidenced in the Senior Cadet competitions recently held in Wanganui, in which our teams won two of the principal events. In this connexion my hearty thanks are due to Captain C. A. Stewart and Acting-Lieutenant G. J. McNaught. The camera and field club has been a most welcome addition this year to our school organization. The suggestion of the editors of our magazine re the formation of a reading circle and debating club, to meet either in the school or at the residence of the masters on Friday or Saturday evenings, is an excellent one, and I hope it will come into operation next }'ear. This scheme is adopted at the Sydney Grammar School among pupils resident in the suburbs. The success attending our school social indicates the importance of developing friendly intercourse among our pupils. The school had a very successful initial scholastic year. One boy passed the Senior Public Service Examination, two boys matriculated, six pupils passed the Junior Public Service Examination, five boys passed Technological Examinations in connexion with the City and Guilds of London Institute, twenty-four pupils passed in the Education Board's Bookkeeping Examinations, and twenty-two obtained certificates in Pitman's Shorthand Examinations. This year 127 pupils have sat or are sitting for outside examinations. Already six successes are announced in the Technological Examinations of the City and Guilds of London Institute, the subjects taken being mine-surveying, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering. We trust that when all the results are announced our pupils will have done even better than last year. I must not omit to mention two very important additions to the ordinary school curriculum. Mr. Sydney Butler, L.R.A.M., A.R.C.0., gave instruction to the girls in vocal music for one hour a week during the year, with the result that, in addition to the training thereby gained, we were enabled to arrange several entertainments from time to time, some achieving great success. During the winter term also the Board kindly allowed me to arrange with Dr. Elizabeth Guiyi for a series of ten lectures to be delivered to the girls in sex physiologj r . We were extremely fortunate in securing the services of Dr. Gunn, and nothing but good can result from her admirable lectures. I desire here to express my thanks to the members of the staff for their cordial assistance in the work of the school. Mr. Stewart deserves a special word of praise for the whole-hearted manner in which he has supervised the field sports of the boys. We are under a deep obligation to all donors towards our prize fund. I would also tender my thanks to the members of the Board, to Mr. Braik, to the office staff, and to the Technical Committee for the encouragement and support during many occasions of anxiety and difficulty during the year. And now, let my last word be to the parents. As their sons and daughters will tell them, we have a school motto which may be thus interpreted—" Patience and perseverance will overcome all difficulties." Many parents, by their sympathy and encouragement, have been a real source of inspiration to us all; and I would here say that we desire to see the parents of our pupils oftener, and get into personal touch with them. I am sure many points of disagreement might be cleared away were there more direct intercourse than at present. For. instance, I might convince some fathers why a boy belonging to the engineering or agricultural course should keep up his literary and scientific studies, and not be kept merely at purely

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technical subjects, or why a girl should not spend all her time learning book-keeping and shorthand —in short, why this College stands for something more than a mere glorified workshop. I would ask parents to bear in mind the interpretation of our motto, and be patient, not expecting extraordinary results to be achieved in a few months' time. Every pupil entering here should spend at least two .years in the day school —three if possible. Certainly we refuse placidly to accept judgment on the achievements of pupils who have been less than a year in the College. The evening session began on Monday, the 3rd March, and concluded on Friday, the 28th November. There was this year a greater demand than formerly for classes other than those usually undertaken by us, and this demand we could not always supply. For instance, we were asked to form classes in such subjects as French, Latin (elementary), printing, painter's work, pharmaceutical chemistry, esperanto, &c, but in all these cases there was either an insufficient number of students available to make the class a success or else we could not obtain the services of suitable instructors. Regarding instructors, I may state that we do not always get instructors of sufficient ability or personality to carry out the work in the best manner possible. Many who are thoroughly qualified cannot be persuaded to give their services, and thus we have sometimes to be content with instructors of lesser ability. This, of course, has to be expected in a town of the size of Wangamii. I must add, however, that on the whole we have a very capable body of teachers, and to them all I tender my sincere thanks for their hearty co-operation in the work of a very strenuous year. The inauguration of the compulsory continuation and technical classes lias on many occasions given some rather knotty problems to solve. Our aim is to place students in classes having a bearing upon their occupation in life. For instance, what technical class shall an apprentice to the tailoring or hairdressing trade take? Book-keeping is bound to be useful, but perhaps the student will only go into such a class under compulsion; and unless his tastes lie towards carpentrj', or some form of art or applied art, we are rather in a quandary. These difficulties are perhaps only transient, and with the lapse of time they will no doubt find a remedy. Meantime we do our best to suit every student, and if there are causes of complaint we trust that they will be temporary only. Mr. E. C. Isaac spent two or three days in the College in connexion with our Auckland exhibit. This time was devoted mainly to the practical classes, and in arranging for samples of students' work for our display at the Auckland Exhibition. An official visit was also made to the school by Mr. F. M. Spurdle, Chairman of the Technical College Committee, accompanied by the Director of Education. An excellent report was furnished on the control, administration, instruction, and sj'llabus of work carried out. Art Department. —This year Mr. Seaward instructed these classes single-handed, except that the Saturday morning juvenile art classes was taken by Mrs. Izett. The attendance in this department was not all that could be desired, owing mainly to the fact that some of our best senior students have left us and their places have not been Tilled. One is forced to the conclusion in these athletic times that drawing, painting, and sketching have not the same attractions to the youth, especially the feminine youth of the community, as formerly. We suffer in this respect in common with other centres. What is badly needed in the town is an art society, the best of all institutions to foster art in our schools and colleges. Owing to certain changes in the syllabus and conditions of the South Kensington examinations we had no candidates this year. Several of our students, however, were successful in New Zealand competitions. Applied Art Department. —This department continues to be successful as of yore under the able management of Mr. Andrews. This year Mr. Frank Tarrant was appointed assistant in the evening classes. The scholarship class, supported by the citizens of Wanganui, was well attended; but, sad to relate, two or three of the scholarship-holders did not appreciate their opportunities as they should, and there was even a difficulty in getting some apprentices to the furniture trade to accept scholarships. The students' work in wood-carving, modelling, leatherembossing, metal-work, and enamelling reached a very high standard, and many prizes were gained in Christchurch, Palmerston North, and Wanganui. This year we were able to start a class in design in connexion with the applied art, with considerable benefit to the students and to the capitation retui-ns. Commercial Department. —The instructors in this department are as follows: C. T. Cox, A.N.Z.A.A., F.R.A. (N.Z.), head of department; Misses Bamber, Inkster, and Hamilton. Owing to change in the regulations governing the Accountancy Examinations, we are forced to relinquish the class in commercial law—-a class that achieved much success under Mr. Dunkley. This department still holds the lead in the number of its students, and, judging by the success achieved in the Board's Book-keeping Examination, ami the Pitman's Shorthand Examination, it is even eclipsing the high standard of efficiency attained in previous years. Engineering Department.— -Mr. E. Crow, Assoc, Memb. A.S.C.E., A.1.M.E., continues to fill his position very ably as head of this department. During the year we lost the services of Mr. A. Morrison, assistant in this department; but his place has been filled by Mr. Frank Jackson, who comes to us with an excellent and many- v sided reputation. This department has extended its field of usefulness in undertaking a considerable amount of work about the grounds and premises, in installing electric light in the Board's offices, and in placing fire-alarms in the Girls' College. The attendance in the workshop showed a considerable improvement on last year, and a pleasing feature of the whole department was that the attendance of students was better towards the end. than even in the middle of the year. In addition to the usual classes in mechanical drawing, heat, steam, and mechanics, Mr. Crow held a class in marine engineering which proved very successful. Owing to the altered conditions of the external Technological Examinations we did not have many candidates; the majority were successful.

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Domestic Department. —Unfortunately we have to admit that this department was not nearly so successful as in previous years. In cookery there was a nurses' class for one term with an attendance of about a dozen. Another small class for ordinary students was carried on under Miss Mollison for one term, but the number was insufficient to make the class successful for a second term, and so it had to be stopped. The same apathy as regards cookery was evidenced in the dressmaking classes under Mrs. Taggart. No doubt the agitation at the beginning of the year about girls being out in the evening was responsible to a considerable extent for the paucity of numbers; but this does not altogether account for the smallness of the attendance and the want of enthusiasm among the girls. When one considers the success attending our venture in starting a domestic course among the day girls, the failure this year among the evening students is all the more marked. Woodwork Trade Glasses. —These were conducted by Mr. J. Bruce (building-construction) and Mr. E. Miller (carpentry and joinery, and elementary carpentry). Considering the support given by the Master Builders' Association, the attendance at the class in building-construction is exceedingly poor. The apprentices in the woodwork trades do not realize the opportunitj? thus slipping from them. The practical classes in carpentry have been exceedingly well attended. At the beginning of the year we had some difficulty in obtaining a successor to Mr. Law, who had resigned his position ; but in the appointment of Mr. Miller we obtained a capable instructor. To make the course of instruction in the woodwork department complete we should have classes in practical mathematics, workshop science, and architectural drawing; but in spite of all our efforts we were unable to get the students to give up sufficient of their spare time for such classes. I am glad to state, however, that we were able to commence a class in furniture-trade drawing and design. This class 'is under the able direction of Mr. William McLeod, a wellknown architect in the town. We hope to extend the scope of work and usefulness of this class very considerably next year. Plumbing Classes. —Mr. John Graham continues to manage these classes with much skill and thoroughness. We have reason to be proud of the high standard of work set and attained in this department. Not only are the classes well attended, but the students always have a keen interest in their work. Compulsory Continuation Classes. —The number of students enrolled in these classes was about one hundred and forty. As we found that a considerable number of young students were willing to enrol as Junior Free Place pupils, we enrolled them, accordingly. Had it not been for this the number enrolled as compulsory students would be over two hundred. The attendance during the first part of the year among the boys in these classes was far from satisfactory, but the enforcing of penalties by the Board's Truant Officer had a marvellous effect in correcting bad attendance. All through, the girls attended badly, and unless a penalty for non-attendance is to be enforced the position is not likely to improve. The bugbear among man}' of the compulsory students is the regulation making English and arithmetic compulsory subjects. I hope an alteration in the regulations will have the effect of making the classes more congenial to the students. The chief classes held during the year outside of the various departments mentioned above were devoted to the study of the following subjects : Maori, first aid (men), first aid (women), matriculation subjects, Public Service subjects, singing, and elocution. All these classes proved particularly successful. I desire, in conclusion, to thank the Press for the liberal manner in which it has granted space for notices of classes and meetings during the year; Mr. E. H. Clark for his assistance as organizer; the Chairman and members of the Technical Committee for their help and support; the Director of Education and the Board's official staff for assistance and courtesy at all times during the year. W. A. Armour, M.A., M.Sc, Principal. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at Apiti, Ashhurst, Awahuri, Bunnythorpe, Castlecliff, Colyton, Eliham, Feilding, Foxton, Gonville, Hawera, Hunterville, Kapuni, Kimbolton, Kiwitea, Manaia, Mangatoki, Marton, Matapu, Patea, Pohangina, Rongotea, Sanson, Taihape, Wanganui, Wanganui East, and Waverley by the Wanganui Education Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation, Day Technical School .. 2,202 0 9 Dr. balanoe at beginning of year.. .. 4,628 12 8 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 1,402 2 6 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 4,567 10 10 Capitation on account of free places .. 213 14 0 Office salaries .. .. .. .. 123 11 5 Buildings .. .. .. .. 213 18 Advertising, printing, and stationery .. 246 14 3 Bent .. .. .. .. .. 31 15 0 Lighting, heating, and cleaning .. .. 411 8 2 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 1,125 510 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 126 0 5 Material .. .. .. .. 99 17 9 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 56 9 6 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 356 8 1 Examinations, &c. .. .. .. 25 15 4 Training of teachers (1912) .. .. 210 0 0 Material for class use .. .. .. 194 13 10 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 1,085 15 4 Clerical assistance .. .. .. 80 0 0 Voluntary contributions .. .. 647 6 6 Telephone .. .. .. .. 23 3 7 Instructors' coach and train fares .. 68 16 3 Instructors' travelling-expenses .. .. 230 11 2 Material sold, &c. .. .. .. 65 810 Rates .. .. .. .. .. 17 19 6 Examination fees .. .. .. 19 12 6 Library, prizes, and games .. .. 219 4 2 Contributions to instructors' salaries .. 35 4 8 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. 15 18 4 Contributions to library, &c. .. .. 22 10 0 Buildings .. .. .. 52 19 5 Refunds—Miscellaneous .. .. 20 7 10 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 464 5 5 Refunds —Apparatus .. .. .. 2 2 6 Dr. balance at end of year .. .. 3,662 11 5 £11,484 18 0 £11,484 18 0 W. H. Swanger, Secretary.

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Extract fj<om the Report of the Director of the Palmekstou Nobth Technical School. The work for this year has gone on smoothly and well. In all there were fifty-two classes working. The commercial classes still attract a large number of students, and good work has been done, the averages in the classes keeping up very well indeed. It speaks well for the popularity of the school that so far there has been no necessity to employ compulsion to get the boys and girls to attend evening classes. With one or two exceptions all students who left the primary schools at the end of the last year with competency or proficiency certificates to take up work are attending evening classes at the Technical School. The number of free-place students increased from about ninety to 130, and seventeen are being recommended this year for Senior Free Places. The science classes were not so good this year, but promise to be better next year. The work of the engineering classes has gone on smoothly, and the attendances have kept up very well; extra machinery is now being installed, so that by next year we should have one of the best-fitted workshops in the Dominion. Next year we hope to enter some candidates for the South Kensington and London City and Guilds Examinations. The plumbing class still continues to do good work, as was evidenced by the recent successes at the London City and Guilds Examinations, there being only two failures out of ten candidates. The agriculture and woolclassing classes, though only small in numbers, have been very well attended, and the students have made good progress. One of the classes won the wool-classing competitions at the recent Manawatu Agriculture and Pastoral Show. The domestic department shows a considerable advance in numbers, especially the dressmaking, there having been nine classes, with an average attendance of about fourteen for the whole year : in fact, the numbers in one term reached as high as 135. Millinery and cookery classes were well attended, with very satisfactory results. The work of the woodwork and cabmetmaking students has this year reached high-water mark, and the instructor deserves great credit for the splendid work turned out. The Standard VI class continues to be well patronized, and about fifteen are sitting for their proficiency and competency certificates. This class is one of the most useful in the school, and its success is chiefly owing to the interest shown in his pupils by the teacher. A course of instruction in subjects necessary for the Public Service Entrance Examination as well as Senior Free Places has been fairly well attended. Sheep-shearing classes were again conducted with great success. The necessary sheds and grounds were lent by the Manawatu and West Coast Agricultural and Pastoral Association. As showing the interest in. these classes and the- appreciation of the good work done, the Director of the Technical School has been able to raise by contributions from the farmers and \arious local bodies sufficient money, with the Government subsidy, to procure four stands of shearing-machines and one grinder for the school, so that we now have our own machines. The people of Palmerston North certainly contribute liberally to assist the funds of their Technical School. The art department shows an improvement in numbers since last year, and excellent work has been done by the students. In the recent Agricultural and Pastoral Association Show entries were made in twenty-three classes out of twenty-eight, and eighteen first-classes were taken. The best work has been forwarded to Auckland for exhibition purposes. In the National Competitions of the Board of Education, London, out of four book prizes won by New Zealand students one came to Palmerston North. The buildings and equipment have been maintained in good order and repair during the year. The thanks of the school are due to the numerous well-wishers for prizes, trophies, and donations received during the year, and to the Press for their ready assistance at all times. The instructors have been punctual and regular in attendance, and ready at all times to assist in promoting the welfare of the school. F. D. Opie, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at the Palmerston North Technical School by the Palmerston North High School Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on classes .. .. .. 626 16 i Dr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 331 17 5 Capitation on account of free places .. 229 17 3 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 893 9 6 Furniture, fittings, apparatus .. .. 19 10 2 Office expenses (including salaries, staMaterial .. .. .. .. 51 7 0 tionery, &o.) .. .. .. 311 13 3 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 156 13 6 Advertising and printing.. .. .. 33 6 7 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 341 19 11 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 82 14 3 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 181 710 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 28 1 9 On account of public-school olasses .. 20 7 0 Caretaker .. .. .. .. 52 0 0 Sales of material.. .. .. .. 45 17 7 Material for class use .. .. .. 126 14 6 High School— Freight, cartage, and sundry expenses .. 55 2 11 Material .. .. .. .. 7 0 0" Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 134 4 i Proportion art-master's salary .. .. 50 0 0 Eefunds .. .. .. .. 10 0 Dr. balance at end of year .. .. 317 711 £2,049 4 6 £2,049 4 6 William Huntee, Secretary. WELLINGTON. Extract from the Report of the Education Board. Manual Instruction. —The growth of the work in this department led the Board to appoint an additional instructress in domestic science, an additional instructor in woodwork, and an additional instructor in agricultural science. The Board desire to urge that without any sacri-

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fice of efficiency, but rather with a gain of both efficiency in actual instruction and economy in administration, a still greater reduction may be made in the record and return work, especiallj' in this department of education. For instance, it is suggested in connexion with the rural course that the certificate of the Board's Inspectors as to the carrying-out ol a prescribed course should suffice. A full report on the district high schools appears in the Inspectors' report. The Board desires to support strongly the arguments of its Inspectors in favour of a more adequate provision in the educational system of the Dominion for the thorough training of youths who will follow country pursuits. It is nothing short of remarkable that in a country so largety dependent for its prosperity on the proper development of agricultural and pastoral enterprise so little shou'd have been done towards affording to its youth in properly equipped colleges a thorough training in agricultural science and practice. It is very certain that delay is much more costly to the country than action. Saturday classes were held for instruction of teachers, as follows : Wellington—Elementary home science, hygiene, woodwork and cardboard modelling, experimental science (physics), drawing and handwork, practical laundry class for instructors. Masterton—Elementary hygiene, physiology and first aid, drawing and hand. work. A. fortnight's instruction in nature-study and agriculture was also held at Masterton during September. The course was attended by thirtyeight teachers, who obtained a week's extension of the term holiday for the purpose. Mr. C. Gumming was in charge, and with him were associated Miss Kilroe, who gave instruction in hygiene, and Mr. Howe and Mr. Grant, in woodwork useful for the garden, the school, and the laboratory. Mr. Cockayne, of the Agricultural Department, rendered valuable assistance by lecturing and also directing the field-work undertaken. Extract from the Report of the Inspectors of Schools. In handwork 107 schools, or 63 per cent, of the total number of schools, have been earning capitation, taking on an average three subjects per school. The chief subjects taken were plasti-cine-modelling (ninety-five schools), brushwork (seventy-four), paperwork (sixty), free-arm drawing (twenty-eight), carton or cardboard modelling (twenty-three). Swimming and life-saving classes were carried on in ten schools, and, in addition to district high schools, two schools earned capitation for advanced needlework and dressmaking. We are pleased to observe that the sewingmachine has been introduced into other schools than those which are actually earning capitation. While there are not wanting schools in which handwork is still regarded as an end in itself, and where the individual spontaneous work has not been fully recognized, yet there are many where the careful choice and rational treatment of various occupations afford valuable training, both sensory and intellectual, and we are glad to be able to say that the number of such schools is increasing. Good progress continues to be made in the primary woodwork and cookery classes. In cookery the scope of the work was somewhat wider than in former years, and the work of some centres was much in advance of anything previously attempted. Laundry-work was commenced at one centre, and we hope to have soon in operation a fuller domestic-science course which shall include hygiene, physiology, and first aid, for our primary classes. Capitation-earning classes in elementary science were conducted in eighty-eight schools, or 53 per cent, of the schools in operation during the year, though this does not represent the whole of the science-teaching of the district. The city and suburban schools took physical measurements (eleven schools), hygiene, physiology, and first aid (seven), chemistry and physics (five). Two country schools earned capitation for botany. Elementary agriculture, more or less correlated with nature-study, forms the science subject of most of the country schools, and where too much time is not devoted to mere cultivation this subject has been the medium of much valuable elementary work in chemistry, physics, and natural science. Our observation shows that some teachers are rinding progress in this respect hindered by over-large gardens. In general the work of the garden has been satisfactorily performed; but real progress in agricultural science cannot be attained until teachers have learned to look with less favour on the perfection of mere mechanical skill, and to lead the pupils, where possible by individual experiment and observation, towards that gradual revelation of herself with which Nature rewards the patient investigator. In general our reports on the work of the district high schools are satisfactory in character, though two of these schools were considerably affected by changes in the staff. The secondary programmes are mainly based on approved rural and domestic schemes, and a portion of each week is devoted to practical work in the garden, the laboratory, the workshop, and the cookeryroom. It was in order to encourage programmes of this character that the Board established the Senior B Scholarships, in which marks are given for practical work done during the year, and it is gratifying to find that the number of competitors for these scholarships is increasing. In 1911 eleven pupils under sixteen years of age obtained the number of marks necessary to qualify for a scholarship, in the following year the number rose to fifteen, while last year twenty-one were -successful, and of the competitors who had been two years in the secondary classes only one failed to qualify, his failure being in the written and not in the practical test. This result shows a steady increase in the efficiency of the practical work of these schools, and when it is remembered that the average time of a pupil in the secondary classes is two years or slightly under, these classes may be said to accomplish all that can reasonably be expected of them in " bringing about a more intimate relation than, generally speaking, at present obtains between the course of instruction at district high schools and rural pursuits." There are two branches of education which should receive more encouragement in the Dominion—namely, agricultural training for our boys and domestic training for our girls. In our last year's report we dwelt at some length on the question of a course in domestic or home science for our girls, and we do not purpose

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repeating those remarks here. ITie district high schools cannot be expected to give to our scholars the training which is the proper function of a specialized or vocational school, but they can and do give an introduction to such training. They will not make farmers of our boys, but they will give those who wish to become fanners an additional interest in their work, and also a training in scientific method which will assist them materially in their efforts to solve many of the problems of the farm. The weak point in the system is the lack in the North Island of some distinctly vocational institution on the lines of Lincoln College in Canterbury, where our rural scholarship-winners could effectively carry on their agricultural training. Another obstacle to the success of any practical or vocational course is the examination incubus which dominates our system from the University college to the primary school. Many parents contend that their childien are handicapped unless they can prepare for the Public Service and Matriculation Examinations, and as these examinations are at present constituted it is not possible for tho limited staffs of our district high schools to carry on the practical training and at the same time prepare pupils for matriculation. As far as the Public Service Examinations are concerned, the difficulty might be met by a slight modification of the rural course, such as limiting the branches of science to be taught, and adding elementary mathematics as a subject. The problem, however, is not so easy in the case of matriculation, as a language other than English is necessary for this examination, and to introduce another language into the rural course as a compulsory subject would be of little benefit to the majority of dietrict-high-school pupils who enter on their secondary course at fourteen and leave school within two years. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted, by the Wellington Education Board, in Wellington and in certain Country Centres.

Extract from the Report or the Director of the Wellington Technical College. The work of the year 1913 has brought into further prominence the great difficulties attending the development of technical instruction in Wellington. The urgent need of improved equipment, the impossibility of housing classes in the antiquated and ill-designed buildings occupied by the College, and the crying necessity for pfaying-grounds and rooms devoted to mental and physical recreations have all been felt in an accentuated degree during the year. The accommodation provided is now sadly overtaxed. It is long since it was impossible to provide separate class-rooms, workrooms, and laboratories for special classes, and now the provision of any sort of space for class and laboratory work has become very difficult, so that in several cases it was not only impossible to conduct the classes under fair conditions, but exceedingly hard to find any room at all for many promising students well qualified to benefit by a course at the College. The Technical Education Board has made strenuous efforts during the year to obtain a suitable central site sufficient for buildings large enough to provide for present necessities. Through the generous co-operation of the Wellington City Council and the Wellington Education Board an excellent site, capable of being easily added to as occasion arises, has been promised to the Board. As soon as the consent of the Education Department has been given the Technical Board will be in a position to close with the offers of the City Council and Education Board, and it should not be long before the hopes of the Board are realized and a well-equipped central Technical College worthy of the city is erected,

Eeceipts. Grants from Government. Centre. Dr Capitation on Armarnrna Classes. Apparatus. Material. Receipts. at End of Year. Totals. Wellington Masterton Olaki i .. £ s. d. 42 17 0 44 16 7 17 0 £ s. d. 9 7 6 £ s. d. £ s. d. 52 19 0 152 3 4 122 16 8 £ a. d. 57 1 1 20 7 10 £ s. d. 314 7 11 188 1 1 17 0 Totals 52 19 0 275 0 0 89 0 7 9 7 6 77 8 11 503 16 0 Bxpe: iditure. Centre. Dr. Balance at Beginning of Year. Administration : Cr. Balance at End of Year. Material. Apparatus. Totals. Salaries of Instructors. £ s. d. 17 6 2 8 13 0 £ s. d. 196 19 6 150 16 8 £ B. d. 47 19 10 13 17 6 £ s. d. 52 2 5 14 13 11 £ s. d. £ s. d. 314 7 11 188 1 1 17 0 Wellington Masterton Otaki .. L 17 0 Totals i 25 19 2 347 16 2 61 17 4 66 16 4 1 7 0 503 16 0 G. L. St: IWAET, Sei iretary.

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Attendance, &c. —The numbers attending the various classes of the College show a small increase over those for the previous year, notwithstanding that many intending students were refused for lack of room. The total number of students who received instruction has, however, substantially increased, owing to the spread of extra-mural work done by the College. As in previous years, the number of class entries in the associated classes shows a respectable increase, mainly due to a larger proportion of the students taking grouped courses. The increase in total class entries is about 9 per cent., whereas the increase in students is less than \\ per cent, so far as associated classes are concerned. There was also an increase of 5 per cent, in the numbers attending the day Technical School. As regards regularity of attendance the record for the day Technical School is very satisfactory, while in the associated classes the majority of the students made good attendances, except during the fourth quarter of the year, when the attendance was badly affected by industrial disturbances in the city. The total of class entries—viz., 2,387 —is a record for the associated classes of the College. The average class entries for the year were as follows: Art and art crafts, 269; building-construction, 26; painting and decorating, 4; carpentry and joinery, 48; plumbing, 91; engineering, 235; science, 325; domestic economy, 109; English, Latin, and arithmetic, &c, 655; commerce, 455; " Amokura " classes, 170 : total, 2,387. The numbers of those who took grouped courses during the year 1913 and attended well enough to earn higher capitation were as follows: Elementary commercial, 158; high commercial, 116; science and mathematics, 56; trades, 231; domestic, 35; art and art crafts, 72: total, 668. Adding 45 " Amokura " boys and 250 day Technical School students it appears that, out of 1,430 students enrolled during the year, 963 took grouped courses of some value, a percentage of 67"4, as compared with 66 - 3 per cent, for the year 1912, showing a slight improvement, mainly due to the increase in free-place students. Leaving out paying students in day classes who were compelled to attend grouped courses, there remain 690 fee-paying students, of whom 243 took grouped courses. On the other hand, only about twenty free-place students out of about 690 failed to take a grouped course. I would submit that these facts have some bearing on the question of compulsory attendance at continuation and technical classes. It is necessary to remember, however, that free places obtained under present conditions are likely to be held by students more interested in education than would be the case if all those who had left the primary schools were compelled to attend. The following is an analysis of the numbers of students during the year 1913 : Day Technical School—Free students, 240; paying students, 10: total, 250. Associated classes—Junior free students, first year 109, second year 105; senior free students, first year 137, second year 67, third year 30; paying students, 732: total, 1,180. Students taken elsewhere, 391. Grand total, 1,821. Of the 1,180 students in associated classes 770 were males, 410 females These include students taking woodwork and drawing at the Wellington Boys' College, students in drawing and design at the Wellington Girls' College, students in drawing, blackboard illustration, &c, at the Teachers' Training College, and probationers and public-school teachers taking drawing, illustration, &c. Associated Glasses. —Art: Good work continues to be done in the art classes, as is shown by results obtained in the British National Competitions. The close co-ordination which is now possible between the work done in drawing, &c, in the secondary schools, in the Teachers' Training College, and in the Technical College is having a good effect, and should have considerable influence on the development of art in the city. In addition, it is fortunate that the industrial students of the Technical College, training for callings such as architecture, building, plastering, painting and decorating, &c, should be able to attend both pure and applied art classes in an institution which also takes care of their science and technical work, and should thus come into intimate contact with students whose aims and ideals are often different from their own. The widened outlook and clearer perception possible in these circumstances must have a beneficial effect, apart altogether from the actual knowledge acquired and manual skill developed by the student. On the other hand, association with students who have a definite industrial aim in their studies is valuable to those whose interests in art or science are purely platonic. Science and Mathematics. —The classes in science and mathematics continue to increase in numbers, and a satisfactory feature is that the increase is made up largely of students who are taking engineering, .building architecture, or other industrial courses. Engineering. —The engineering classes show,a satisfactory improvement, and larger numbers of trade students now take classes in science and mathematics. The want of suitable mechanicalscience laboratories is being more felt every year, as it is practically impossible with the present equipment to prepare a satisfactory scientific basis for the work of the students. Building Trades. —The improvement noted in 1912 continued through 1913, and good work was done by several of the students. Commercial Glasses. —These classes show a small increase for the year, which would undoubtedly have been much larger but that the College was obliged to refuse many applications at the beginning of the year. Judging by results in Senior Civil Service and other examinations, sound work appears to have been done by a large number of the students. Continuation Subjects. —There was a considerable increase in class entries, largely due to the increase in the number of free-place students. In English alone the number of entries was over 350. Apart from other more important considerations, there is little doubt that a sound knowledge of the mother-tongue is a good commercial asset to the young tradesman or clerk, and even from the lower standpoint fully justifies the regulations which "make English a compulsory subject for_ Junior Free Place students. It is to be noted, however, that less than half of the students taking English were compelled by regulation to do so.

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Domestic, Economy. —These classes showed a gratifying increase during the year, and will, I hopg, soon reach proportions more in accord with the importance of the subjects and the size of the town. The difficulty at present is to find room for students that are offering, and the sooner the College has decently good accommodation for domestic classes the better it will be for the persons and purses of future citizens. A very successful exhibition and sale of goods made by students in the cookery classes was held at the end of the year, about £45 being taken. The work done by the students in this as in other departments showing at the annual exhibition was very favourably criticized by the Press and the public. Day Technical School. —The numbers in the day Technical School are steadily increasing, though too large a proportion is still attracted to courses in the commercial department. Yet it must be said, in defence of that department, that students leaving appear to have no difficulty in securing appointments in which the remuneration is greater to begin with than that of apprentices to trades, and the prospects often considerably brighter if more illusive than those before a trade apprentice. The buildings and equipment have been kept in good order and repair during the year. Both are, however, ridiculously inadequate, keep the work backhand increase the difficulties of teaching and learning enormously. The thanks of the school are due to the following contributor of money to the funds of the school during the year —Wellington City Corporation, .£300; and to the following contributors of prizes for competition among day arid evening students in the December class examinations : Wellington Gas Company; McLeod, Weir, and Hopkirk; Searle, Joy, and Co.; A. T. Clarke; W. S. Wheeler; 0. S. Watkins; H. D. Vickery; Miss K. Williams; A. and T. Burt (Limited); H. W. Johnson; W. D. Robinson; Wright and Carman; Smith and Smith (Limited); Collins Bros, and Co. The thanks of the College are also due to the City Council for valuable gifts of electrical machinery and apparatus, to Messrs. E. W. Cameron and Co. for the gift of a model destructor to the plumbing classes, and to others who have lent or presented material and apparatus for the instruction of the students. W. S. Lα Tbobb, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Associated Classes conducted at the Wellington. Technical College. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Or. balance at beginning of year .. .. 759 7 7 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 6,781 5 8 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 1,808 7 5 Office expenses (including salaries, staGapitation on account of free places .. 1,662 11 3 tionery, &o.) .. .. .. 753 14 0 Capitation on account of Day Technical Advertising and printing .. .. 153 5 0 Sohool .. .. .. .. 3,325 0 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 175 18 8 Bent .. .. .. .. .. 278 0 0 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 162 0 7 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 60 0 0 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 284 1 0 Material .. .." .. .. 425 16 10 Examinations, &c. .. .. .. 15 2 6 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 296 17 0 Material for olass use .. .. .. 772 12 4 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 1,040 13 10 Typewriter repairs .. .. .. 47 16 6 Voluntary contributions .. .. 300 0 0 Library .. .. .. .. 239 0 4 On account of olaeses at Wellington Colleges 80 0 0 Prizes .. .. .. .. 40 14 3 On account of classes at Training College 142 10 0 Sundries .. .. .. .. 90 19 0 On account of N.Z.S. " Amokura" classes 46 3 3 Scholarships .. .. .. .. 75 0 0 Bales of material .. .. .. 216 1 4 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 249 19 6 Sundries .. .. .. .. 23 16 3 Cr. balance at end of year .. .. 698 15 5 Callendar Memorial Scholarships .. 75 0 0 £10,540 4 9 £10,540 4 9 David Robektson, Chairman) ~, W. 8. Lα Trobb, Secretary f of Mana g ers - Extract prom the Report of the Director op the Petone Technical School. The progress of the school has been most pronounced during the last year. The work throughout has been carried out by pupils and teachers with a degree of enthusiasm that is most commendable. The teachers have not spared themselves in their desire to do the best for the pupils, and these generally have shown by the excellence of their work that they have appreciated the work of their teachers. In some cases the attendance has been irregular, but taking all things into consideration good work has been done. The heavy rainfall we have had during the year has in some cases materially interfered with tKbse who live at a distance. While speaking of attendance I would like to point out the very great need there is of regularity. It is not the brilliant student who is going to make a success of things, but the one who has the grit in him to persevere in his work. Year after year we find some pupils making a fresh start, but after a month or two giving it up. Some of these pupils do no good to themselves, and are certainly no advertisement to the school. I think, however, that this class of student will soon be a thing of the past, with the assistance of parents and the example that is being set by some very earnest students to engender a desire for technical education in those who have just left school. Great progress has undoubtedly been made this year by the pupils in the wool-classing division. We have again to thank the manager of the Wellington Woollen-mills, who has so generously placed at our disposal such a fine variety of wool, without which we would not make much progress; outside support in other directions has also greatly assisted the class. Messrs. S. and H. Burridge examined the class for the first section during the year, and the four students who sat passed with first-class honours. They recommended also that we start a shearing class, so that the students could get actual shed experience. We decided to try the experi-

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ment. Wet weather seriously interfered with shearing operations, but the class was a great success. In all 500 sheep were shorn, and some of the students towards the end of the course were able to shear at the rate of seventy a day. Mr. Burridge was so pleased with the way they worked that he offered to let them shear, at the ruling rate, any more sheep he could get. The instructor in this class was Mr. Burke, a thorough expert in the art of shearing. Mr. Neilson has been of great assistance to the wool-classing students. He came out twice during the year and gave lectures. He also took three of the students with him to Terawhiti Station, and he has had another away with him for six weeks. Applications have come in from several places for classes, and in some cases we have not been able to supply the demand, as it would be suicidal to send a man who is not thoroughly competent. This is a splendid class for young men, as there is a large demand for competent wool-classers. During the year Mr. Ackroyd also gave two lectures to the class. Students from the school are at sheds all over the province, while applications for classers have been received even from the South Island. The reports from the various instructors are throughout of a highly satisfactory nature. The instructors have given me every assistance, and have tried in every way to make my work as light as possible. The attendance at the plumbing class was large at the beginning but fell off after the first term. Tn order to improve the general efficiency of this class some .slight alterations are being made. Excellent work is being done in this class by a few young and promising pupils. The electricity class is now held on two nights a week, and everything seems to be working excellently. No doubt by the time the class reassembles the wireless apparatus will have arrived. As I have pointed out before, this class suffers from want of a workroom, but now that the Department has granted £315 no doubt that difficult}' will soon be removed. The matriculation class has done splendid work. It is undoubtedly a difficult class to teach, as there are so many subjects and the students are at different stages of progress. Mr. Olson has done a year's hard work, and I regret very much that he finds that he has not the time to devote to the school. The physical-science class has done good work during the year. Mr. Hey is an enthusiast in his work, and does not spare himself. As years go on this class will become a most important one, and I hope to see a number of pupils taking this subject for Senior Public Service next year. The art class, which is now held at night, has had a more successful 3?ear and has been better attended than during the past three years. Good work has been done by several pupils. The instrumental-drawing and trade-drawing class has done more advanced work this year than last. The work of the third-year students was very good indeed. The first-year pupils also did better work this year. This class is gradually working in with such classes as carpentry, plumbing, and electricity, and when students realize it is better to take a course of study than one isolated subject the better it will be for all concerned. The cookery class this year has not been so successful in point of numbers as last year. This no doubt is somewhat due to the beginning of a millinery class, at which some of the students attended who otherwise would have attended the cookery class. I think that this is one of the most important of the domestic classes, and I should like to see it better supported The millinery class, which was started as an experiment, kept up its numbers very well, and good work seems to have been done. The dressmaking class has been to me one of the most disappointing classes for a number of years. This year it started off excellently, but there was a large decrease in the second and third terms. I have certain proposals to make with regard to the domestic classes which might to a certain extent save expense and stop the overlapping which seems to exist. I would suggest that in the first quarter dressmaking and cookery, in the second quarter dressmaking and millinery, and in the third quarter millinery and cookery be taken. If this policy were adopted I do not think it would be a retrograde step. I think that we would probably get a far better total attendance than we do now, and a great saving would be effected. The English and arithmetic classes have been larger this year than last, and Mr. King and Mr. Olson have done particulaiiy good work in teaching pupils of unequal attainments. I must express my regret that Mr. King feels compelled to give up two of his nights a week after being so long associated with these classes. The shorthand and typewriting class has done very good work this year, and Mr. Mitchell is to be congratulated on the manner he has handled such a large class. Three extra typewriters were obtained at the beginning of the year, and we now have a sufficient number. It is probable that we shall have to exchange two Barlocks, which are getting old and easily go out of order. If this class goes up to over thirty next year it will be necessary to appoint an assistant instructor. The arrangement made last year whereby Mr Olson and Mr. Hey were appointed to assist me worked splendidly. In fact, I could not possibly have done the work without their help. Some five or six boys have during the year obtained their Standard VI competency pass, and others are sitting for the various examinations which are being held. Three are sitting for subjects in the Public Service Senior Examination, six are sitting for Matriculation, while twelve more pupils are taking subjects for the Public Service Entrance or Intermediate Examinations. The carpentry class has done an excellent year's work, and some of the work is a credit to the pupils and to their very enthusiastic instructor, Mr. Walton. The Cadets have had a satisfactory year. I must take this opportunity of thanking Sergeant-Major Ryan for the keen interest he has taken in our company. Mr. W. Olson resigned his commission during the year owing to pressure of business. I must thank the staff, one and all, for their loyal and generous support throughout the year; likewise the Board of Managers for the hearty way they have supported any suggestions that I have put before them, and also the honorary secretary for his help and advice at all times; the Education Board and the Education Department, too, for their support on all occasions. During the year we had a visit from Mr. Isaac, the Department's Inspector. His inspection was very thorough, and the advice ho gave was invaluable. I must not omit to

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thank the Petone and Hutt Borough Councils, the Gear Company, Wellington Woollen Company, and the Petone Working-men's Club for their donations, which are of such great assistance to the school. I must also thank Dalgety and Co. for their kindness in lending us their sheep-shearing machines. . J. H. Ltnsky, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in'respect of Associated Glasses at the Petone Technical School. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ r. d. Or. balance at beginning of year .. .. 68 10 V Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 537 10 0 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 310 0 0 Office expenses .. .. .. .. 512 0 Capitation on account of free places .. 153 11 0 Registrar's salary .. .. .. 15 15 0 Furniture .. .. 23 2 4 Advertising, &o. .. .. .. 917 6 Material .. .. .. .. 20 0 9 Lighting, &c. .. .. .. .. 62 7 4 Subsidies .. .. .. .. 95 15 0 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 3 0 7 Pees .. .. .. .. 116 4 0 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 248 Sales of material .. .. .. 17 4 10 Material .. .. .. .. 40 10 1 On account of public-school classes .. 69 6 8 Caretaker .. .. .. .. 75 0 0 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 99 6 9 Bank charges .. .. .. .. 110 Cartago .. .. .. .. 3 10 Auditor .. .. .. .. 13 4 Furniture and apparatus.. .. .. 67 17 11 Cr. balance at end of year .. .. 148 1 6 £973 1 11 £973 1 11 Alexander Thomson, Chairman) x„, J. G. Castle, Hon. Secretary f of Mana B ers - Extract from the Report of the Managers of the Masterton Technical School. The opening of the school for the year took place on the 10th March, and the work of the three full terms was completed towards the dose of November. Classes were conducted as under : Art—Painting, freehand drawing, general drawing, model-drawing, and light and shade; dressmaking; plumbing, theory and practice; woodworking; shorthand (Pitman's and Gregg's systems) and typewriting; book-keeping; Civil Service subjects; English and arithmetic; elocution. At the beginning of the .school year classes for the teaching of the theory of building and machinery construction were opened, but owing to the very poor support given these it was reluctantly decided to close them down. It is hoped that this year these classes will be resumed in connexion with the woodworking classes, and that many boys and young men will take advantage of the excellent opportunity afforded by the teaching of these subjects by so able an instructor as the one whose services are available. Wood-carving will probably be added this year to the woodworking department. The roll number for the first term was 228, and the average attendance 157; second term 238, average 192; third term 230, average 192. The percentage of attendance for the year was 78. There were forty-three free-place pupils, and these were instructed in a large number of subjects. The total ices paid by the pupils amounted to £115 6s. 6d., over £40 more than the preceding year. The financial year of 1913 began with a debit balance of £89 os. 7d:, but there was a credit from annual and ordinary capitation on behalf of the classes, and this amount, together with subsidies on voluntary contributions and grants which did not come into credit till later, augmented the funds. During our financial year of 1913 some amounts which were in abeyance from the previous year were paid off, a complete outfit for the woodworking classes obtained, the expenses of the school exhibition paid out of revenue, and the advance in salary of the secretary provided for. The year 1913 closed with an apparent debit balance of £32 14s. 5d., but when the annual capitation, together with rent payments, come to hand there will be a credit balance. Their attention to their duties by the staff was most commendable, and the work of students creditable, while the discipline maintained has been the cause of much favourable comment. The art classes have grown in favour and the work done was of so high an order of merit as to win the cordial approval of competent judges. The dressmaking and art-needlework classes have grown to large proportions, and much enthusiasm is being shown in connexion with the enrolments for the year 1914. The revival of the woodworking class has proved most popular. The Managers would impress upon all parents whose children are not entered upon the rolls of secondary schools to carefully consider the advantages of the Masterton Technical School both for free-place and other pupils. Take, for example, the book-keeping and typewriting and shorthand classes. In all of these classes the work done has been more than favourably referred to by business men of this town and district. The attendance at the Gregg light-line classes was very large, and that at the Pitman's fair, while the book-keeping class was one of the best attended in the school. For boys and girls who may be taking up employment after passing out of the local schools this school affords an opportunity that should be more largely availed of by our young people. Here they may carry on further studies to fit them for commercial and Public Service pursuits, as well as to obtain practical instruction which must prove invaluable to those having the mechanical turn. At the opening of 1913 it became necessary to appoint a new secretary, and the Managers decided to try the experiment of combining that office with that of Director of the school. From a number of applicants Mr. J. T. M. Hornsby was chosen, and he has proved a very valuable officer. He has displayed a great amount of enthusiasm in the working of the school, and his constant supervision has had the best results. At the close of the year a school exhibition was held, at which the work of the pupils was submitted to public scrutiny. Not only did the public take a deep interest in the exhibition, but very heartily congratulated the Managers on the evidence so afforded of the excellence and value of the work done by the students.

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There can be no doubt but that the exhibition did much to further popularize the school, as is evidenced by the desire of so many young people to join the classes for 1914. The Managers desire, in connexion with the school exhibition, to thank in the warmest terms the ladies who so generously as well as enthusiastically aided them in their project. Thanks are also due to the professional musicians for their help , the ladies and gentlemen who assisted the instructors in the placing of exhibits and the decoration of the rooms; the performers who provided such excellent programmes for the concerts; the instructors for their zealous and successful efforts; the W.F.C.A., Levin and Co., Perry and Co., Mr. Whittaker, Watson and Co., and Graham and Co. for their help, and many private individuals for their generous gifts. Once again during last year a decided effort was made to start a veterinary class, but without success. The Masterton Agricultural and Pastoral Society at once offered assistance, the services of a master of veterinary science were forthcoming, but as only one or two students offered the Managers were compelled to abandon the scheme. It is a matter for regret that in a district like Masterton so valuable a project as that of the carrying-on of instruction in veterinary science should not long ago have been brought to a successful issue. The Managers are still anxious to get the class set up, and will be glad to hear of a movement amongst our young farmers in the direction indicated. Other classes which might be successfully started here are those for wool-classing (all the necessary appliances are in our possession from the former very successful trial given to the teaching of this valuable technical subject), mechanical engineering, study of electricity, cooking and other branches of domestic science, or any other class or classes which may be desired by students. The Managers would also call attention to the opportunity afforded to others than juniors to improve themselves by attendance at the classes in this school —for example, in English, arithmetic, book-keeping, typewriting and shorthand. Young people who have left school and are gaining their livelihood can, if they wish, come to this school and take all the subjects which will enable them to pass the Public Service Entrance Examination or the Matriculation Examination. Young men who are working at the plumbing trade should be aware that they can no longer be employed on sanitary work till they have obtained their certificates. These certificates can be obtained on examination at this school, and are conferred by the City and Guilds of London Institute. The Managers are looking forward to a most successful year in 1914; the classes are filling up rapidly, and at the opening of the school on Monday, the 9th March, they will be glad to welcome parents and pupils. To the Press of Masterton our best thanks are due for the whole-hearted manner in which the proprietors of the two newspapers have helped the school by the publicity given so ungrudgingly in their columns. We have further to thank the Town Lands Trust for the financial assistance given, also the Borough Council for their annual grant. W. H. Jackson, Chairman. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ended 31st December, 1913, in respect of Associated Glasses conducted at the Masterton Technical School. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on olasses .. .. .. 173 0 3 Dr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 89 0 7 Capitation on aooount of free plaoes .. 84 2 6 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 457 10 7 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 201 3 4 Office expenses (including salaries, staPees .. .. .. .. 120 12 0 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 81 4 9 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 163 8 8 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 21 13 6 Kent for use of rooms for examinations .. 19 15 0 Lighting and heating .. ~ .. 34 4 2 Sales .. .. .. .. .. 514 4 Insuranoe and repairs .. .. .. 12 17 7 Disoount and rebate on acoounts paid .. 0 2 8 Rent .. .. .. ..- .. 100 Dr. balance at end of year .. .. 32 14 5 Material for class use .. .. .. 33 8 5 Caretaker and materials used in class-rooms 32 17 11 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 21 4 2 Cartage and freight .. .. .. 0 10 0 Telephone .. .. .. .. 6 4 10 Sundries .. .. .. .. 6 10 5 Bank charges and exchange .. .. 2 6 3 £800 13 2 £800 13 2 W. H. Jaokson, Chairman ) ~, J. T. M. Hornsby, Secretary J° f Maaa ? rS> HAVVKE'S BAY. Extract from the Report ov tub Education Board. The Board is strongly of opinion that the time has arrived when the management and administration of technical education throughout the district should be placed under its control. It recognizes the pioneer work that has been done by the present controlling authorities and the managers of associated classes, but is satisfied that if the whole were placed in charge of the Board, which has already a permanent administrative and teaching staff for this special branch of education, the work would be more efficiently and economically controlled. As shown by the Director's report, the schools are now well equipped for subjects of manual instruction, and the Inspectors report themselves well satisfied with the results and the prospects of further achievements. Special evening classes were continued at Hastings and Woodville. At Woodville only two classes were formed —shorthand and woodwork. The results were not encouraging. At Hastings a vigorous effort was made to carry on classes on a scale commensurate with the size and importance of the town. Mr. Morris, the local Director,

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was successful in inaugurating promising classes in plumbing, wool-sorting, wood-carving, cookery, cabinetmaking, millinery and dressmaking. From a roll number of over a hundred the attendance dwindled to practically nil. The Board's Director (Mr. Loten) expresses the opinion that "before an evening technical school will be a success in Hastings it will be necessary for the School Committees at Hastings, Mahora North and South to ask the Board to put into force the regulations governing compulsory attendance of all young people under seventeen years of age." The science (rural) course was introduced into the Hastings, Waipawa, and Woodville District High Schools in 1910. The object of the course was to give pupils a scientific training, with a bias, if possible, towards agriculture. Ihe first portion of the object has undoubtedly been attained, for the pupils receive a thorough training in scientific methods. The course is spread over two years. At the end of the year the numbers of pupils taking the course were as follows : Hastings, 39; Waipawa, 35; Woodville, 16: total, 90. Agriculture and dairy science are now taken by all district-high-school pupils for the Public Service Entrance Examination, and agriculture for Matriculation. The excellent results achieved by the pupils at these examinations is proof of the good work being done. The Director in his annual report gives much interesting information regarding the work of these classes. The new secondary and technical buildings at Woodville have been completed and brought into use. The buildings are most conveniently arranged, and the laboratory, kitchen, workshop, and class-room are well equipped and greatly appreciated. The increased attendance at the science classes at Waipawa necessitated the enlargement of the laboratory in that school. With the assistance of the Department this has been carried out. The local Technical Association, which takes an interest in the technical work of the school, subsidized a grant for the purchase of a set of very high-grade meteorological instruments, which were elected under the direction of the Rev. Mr. Bates, the Government Meteorologist, to whom the pupils' readings of the various instruments are regularly submitted. Teachers' Saturday training classes were held during the year in Gisborne, Napier, Hastings, Dannevirke, and Woodville. The subjects taken were drawing, elementary science, agriculture, and agricultural bacteriology. The total number of students enrolled in these classes was 182, the average attendance being 128. In addition to the above the Board arranged with the Technical authorities at Napier and Gisborne for classes in elementary hygiene. Ihirty-eight teachers attended these classes. Instruction in the practical work of agriculture, dairying, hygiene, and drawing was given to these teachers at a winter-school course held at Hastings in June. As a result of these classes an increased number of teachers entered for the teachers' D examination. The Board is making every possible effort to afford its teachers the best facilities for improving themselves on the right lines, but the grant available was insufficient to cover the cost of what was done last year, and there still remains a very great deal to be undertaken if it be found possible to increase the available funds. Extract fhom the Report of the Inspectors of Schools. Handwork is fully reported on by Mr. Loten. We have to commend the earnestness, intelligence, and success which mark his efforts to recover adequate educational values from labour directed in the various ways indicated by the numerous subjects grouped under this name. The teachers respond to these efforts with pleasing results, especially in science—agriculture, dairying, meteorology, chemistry, physical measurements, and home science; quite a number of teachers treat these subjects in practical ways, which both in matter and in method give a splendid return for the time spent on them. It is a side of our endeavour that we hope to see extended and developed till the school becomes a real organ set apart for training our youth, not only in a narrow personal culture, but also in the ideals and with the equipment for practical social service. Our school products are of value in proportion as they bring the pupils into harmony with the social environment into which they will shortly be launched, and provide them with the knowledge and faculty for taking immediate part in its activities and development. The district high schools have their programmes of the first two years based on the rural course; thereafter matriculation, generally with a rural bias, becomes their aim. In both courses excellent work is being done, and the classes have been carried on with conspicuous success. The standard compares favourably with that of secondary schools. The total average number of students in attendance at the three schools was 106, of whom ninety were taking the rural course. An increase is expected during 1914. Extract from the Refort of the Director of Manual and Technical Instruction. Before dealing with the usual detailed work in connexion with classes I think reference should be made to what appears to me would be an important forward movement in the development of technical education in Hawke's Bay— i.e., an extension of the Board's powers in the direction of placing under the Board's control all technical education. Such an innovation would necessitate the establishment of a technical department, and the reorganization which must follow would, apart from its educational advantages, tend to more efficient and economical control. Another matter worthy of the serious consideration of the Board is the necessity of providing immediately the means of greater facilities in technical education in Gisborne. At the present time Gisborne and suburbs must have a population of between eleven thousand and twelve thousand. It is a rapidly growing town and the outlet for an extensive and rich back country, and to my miud its importance demands the establishment of a day technical school. The present technical buildings, which belong to the High School Board, should be taken over by the Education Board, and with slight structural alterations, when removed to a site (preferably near the railway-station), could be utilized for this purpose.

8.—5

A matter that has already been brought under the notice of the Board is that of a separate domestic-science and woodwork school for the primary-school pupils of Napier. At present by an arrangement with the Technical Classes Association the Board's classes are instructed by the staff of the Technical School. As I have already pointed out to the Board, two possibilities have to be taken into account in considering this question — (a) an increase of pupils at the Technical School, and (b) an increase in the number of classes (primary) requiring instruction in these subjects. An increase of pupils at the Technical School lessens the accommodation for the Board's classes, whilst it must be quite evident that there is a limit to the number of outside classes that the school.can accommodate. Hence the need for immediate action. If a site could be obtained from the Harbour Board or Borough Council in the vicinity of the Tramway Depot an up-to-date domestic-science laboratory and demonstration room and manual-training room could be erected which would be in a position easily reached by all the pupils attending the Napier schools. Failing a site in this locality I would respectfully suggest that the building be erected in the grounds of the new Napier West School. Primary School Glasses: Agriculture and Dairy Science. —The number of classes recognized for 1913 was eighty-three. Of these, fifty-four schools had classes in elementary agriculture, twenty-seven schools a combined course of instruction in agriculture and dairy science, and two classes in dairy science. The yearly average attendance of pupils receiving instruction in these subjects was 1,475. In addition to the above, fifteen schools carried out a course of gardening, but were not recognized under the Manual and Technical Regulations. During the past five years over eighty-nine schools have been fully equipped with tools for school-gardening and with sufficient scientific apparatus for elementary experiments. Dairy apparatus has been supplied to thirty-six schools. I am pleased to say that most of the teachers lay particular stress on the care of implements, and as a consequence the majority of the tools are in excellent condition. The list below shows the number of implements at the end of the year, and the approximate value, allowing for depreciation; in compiling this list only tools in first-class condition have been included: Spades, 800; forks, 500; rakes, 472; Dutch hoes, 820; draw-hoes, 80; handforks, 860; hand-trowels, 901; wheelbarrows, 20; water-cans, 300; milk-testers, &c, 36. Value, £430. In addition to the above equipment sixty schools have been supplied with sufficient chemical apparatus to carry on simple experiments. The value of this apparatus is not included in the £430. A few schools (unfortunately only a few) have provided apparatus to aid in science-teaching. Most of this apparatus is due entirely to the efforts of the teachers. To my mind home-made apparatus is just as effective as elaborate scientific apparatus, and it certainly has the advantage of being more easily manipulated. Otane and Makuri Schools are easily to the fore in this matter. The majority of the schools are doing satisfactory work Those schools mentioned in my reports of the past two years as being good schools still maintain their position in this branch of school-work. As indicated in my last annual report, a certain portion of the time devoted to practical work should be utilized in improving the general appearance of the school-grounds. Lawns should be laid down flanking the main entrance to the school, and plantations of native shrubs should fill spare corners, &c. These two latter recommendations —(1) lawn and (2) shrub plantations —are matters that should be brought under the notice of School Committees for Arbor Day celebrations. Woodwork. —Classes in woodwork were held at Gisborne, Napier, Hastings, Waipawa, Dannevirke, and Woodville. At these centres fifteen schools (represented by twenty-nine classes) received instruction; included amongst these are two Cathofic (technical), two high-school (Gisborne), and three district-high-school classes, leaving twenty-two primary classes. With respect to the work of these classes, the best work was produced at Gisborne centre; the drawings were very good, and the exercises and models a credit to the pupils and the instructor. In the Cential and Southern Wards the work was not up to the standard of the previous year. The instructors evidently failed to impress upon the pupils the need for accuracy, and with inaccurate and careless drawings the completed exercises and models possessed certain bad features —usually lack of finish. The woodwork-rooms are, as far as possible, being slowly improved. Woodville and Hastings have been lined and ceiled during the year, and I respectfully recommend that the Board apply to the Department for a grant to enable them (the Board) to complete the same work at Waipawa. Domestic-science Glasses. —These are held at the same centres as the woodwork classes —Twentyone primary-school classes, three district-high-school classes, two high-school classes, and two Catholic classes. Ihe syllabus of instruction (as would be expected) is more difficult and elaborate for secondary than for primary classes. The primary course includes household accounts, elementary home science, cookery, and dressmaking. Each pupil has an hour's practical work in cookery for twenty weeks, and two hours' practical work in dressmaking for twenty weeks. The average attendance (primary classes) was: Cookery, 399; dressmaking, 383; roll, 403. Mrs. F. Cross, domestic-science mistress, Southern and Central Wards, resigned her position in April, and Miss Violet Hyde was appointed to the vacant position. During the year the Waipawa District High School girls entertained the Board members and the members of the Technical and School Committees at dinner. The dinner, which was a four-course one, was prepared and served by the girls under the direction of Miss Hyde. With the appointment of Miss Hyde a forward movement has been made in the method of t: eating the subject of dressmaking in the Central and Southern Wards, and Hastings, Waipawa, Dannevirke, and Woodville centres are now producing work equal to Napier and Gisborne. Handwork Glassies. —There has been an increase in the number of schools taking different branches of handwork compared with last year. The total number of schools earning the departmental grant for handwork was eighty-four, with a yearly average attendance of 7,920 pupils. All. the material used in connexion with these classes is supplied to the schools by the Board. During this year the Board ordered for the use of these classes 7,200 brush-drawing books,

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3,024 brushes for brush drawing, 4,320 crayon-books, 4,320 tubes yellow ochre, 4,320 tubes Prussian blue, 4,320 tubes crimson lake, 2,160 boxes of crayons (seven colours in each box), 1 cwt. paper for folding, 3£ cwt. plasticine, 1,440 plasticine boards, 9 gross plasticine tools, bcxes of coins, clock-faces, &o. Compasses, set-squares, pencils, rulers, and rubbers are also supplied to the pupils of the woodwork course. In consequence of the above order parents are relieved of considerable expense in this direction. Other Classes. — The upper standard in Gisborne School takes agricultural chemistry. Physical measurements are taken in the upper standards at Napier Main, Napier South, Port Ahuriri, and Standard V, Gisborne. Average attendance, 226. With the exception of Gisborne School the teaching of swimming and life-saving is not carried out on a systematic basis. The Gisborne School has well-organized classes for this work, and the instruction is given regularly and thoroughly. A number of schools have been equipped with sets of meteorological instruments. The set comprises five instruments —rain-gauge, wall thermometer, aneroid, maximum and minimum thermometer, wet- and dry-bulb thermometer. Since the beginning of the year forty-four schools have been equipped and thirty-six sets are on order, and will be forwarded to schools as soon as they arrive from Home. Rural Course in District High Schools. —This course was introduced into the three district high schools three years ago. The object of the course was to give the pupils a scientific training with a bias, if possible, towards agricultural. The first portion of the object has been attained, for undoubtedly under Mr. Morris the pupils receive a thorough training in scientific method. The science subjects of the course —science of common life, dairying and agriculture — are taken by Mr. Morris, Miss Hyde takes the girls for domestic science and dressmaking, Mr. Dandy the boys for farm woodwork, and the remaining subjects of the course are taken by the staff of each district high school. The science course is spread over two years. At the end of the year the total numbers of pupils were as follows: Hastings, 39; Waipawa, 35; Woodville, 16 : total, 90. The roll number at the beginning of the year was 120. From these totals it will be seen that thirty pupils left during the year. Commenting on the number of pupils who leave during the year the assistant instructor says: " I think that 25 per cent, is too great a number to lose during the year, and it would be decidedly advantageous if some system were devised whereby pupils could be compelled to remain at least one year in the school after being admitted." Owing to the distance separating the district high schools a large proportion of Mr. Morris's time is spent in travelling. At Waipawa and Hastings matriculation classes in agricultural science (including agriculture, dairying, and elementary physics) were established. The Hastings class was instructed by Mr. T. S. Atkinson and the Waipawa one by Mr. Morris. Agriculture and dairy science are now taken by all district-high-school pupils for the Public Service Entrance Examination, and agriculture for Matriculation. The results of these examinations, together with my oral examination at the end of the year in science subjects, is positive proof of the excellent work being done by Mr. Morris. With reference to the garden-work, the following extract , has been made from the report of the assistant instructor in agriculture : " As this part of the scheme seems to be most important it will be necessary to give a brief review of the garden activities at each school. At Woodville the gardens are very satisfactory. Flower-gardens were established for the girls of the High School and Standard VI, whilst the boys of Standard VI and the District High School worked the ordinary plots. The orchard at this school is looking splendid, and next year a number of the trees should be bearing. As regards Waipawa very much the same can be said. Miss Smith has control of the flower-plots. The agricultural plot in the Domain is equal to either of the school-gardens at Woodville and Hastings. At Hastings we are still dealing with our strip of poor land, and getting rather remarkable results. Miss Hodgson still has the flowergarden under her control, and generally has it looking very picturesque. The flower-massing is! excellent. Too much praise and credit cannot be given to Miss Hodgson for the manner in which she works." A very successful and educative visit was paid to Mr. Horton's nursery in March by the District High School pupils for practical work in budding. A visit was also paid to Arataki Experimental Farm by the District High School pupils, and later they were given a demonstration in butter-making at the Heretaunga Factory. The pupils of the different district high schools also visited the local gasworks. If the time can be spared these visits will be carried on each year. The following gentlemen have placed their orchards at my disposal for pruning practice: Hastings, Mr. Pegler; Waipawa, Mr. Bibby; Mr. Harding. Mr. Morris and myself desire to place on record our appreciation of the assistance rendered us by the head teachers and assistants of the district high schools. Training classes for teachers were held at Gisborne, Napier, Hastings, Dannevirke, and Woodville. The subjects taken were art, science, agriculture, and brush drawing. The total number of students on the rolls of these classes was 110, and the average yearly attendance 82. The classes in art and science were formed for the purpose of preparing pupil-teachers and probationers for the D examination. In addition to these above-mentioned classes for pupil-teachers and probationers, the Board also asked the Napier Technical Association and the Gisborne High School Board to inaugurate classes in elementary hygiene. Thirty-eight teachers, of whom twenty-two were pupil-teachers and probationers, attended these classes. In addition to these lessons, instruction in the practical work of agriculture, dairying, and hygiene was given at the winter school which was held at Hastings in midwinter. The subjects taken at the winter school, and the time devoted to each, were as follows : Agricultural and dairying, thirty hours; practical hygiene, sixteen hours; drawing—model ten hours, instrumental ten hours; vocal music, twelve hours. Altogether thirty-nine students attended this school. Included amongst these were the twenty-nine teachers who joined the course at the beginning, and seven other teachers from Board and Catholic schools. The work treated at the winter school was as follows : Model and

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instrumental drawing—These two branches of drawing were treated as fully as time would permit. In model-drawing the instructor found it necessary to commence with first principles. The models were then treated singly in the undermentioned order —cube, hexagonal prism, cylinder, cone, ring; next, groups of two models weie set, and finally a test group was set containing three models. In instrumental drawing a number of the students made a very poor attempt at the various problems set. This was slue to the subject being entirely new to them. The course in practical hygiene included first aid to the injured, ambulance-work, and the dissection of hearts, kidneys, livers, lungs, rabbits, ko. The students also attended a demonstration lesson given by Dr. Reid on the dissection of a sheep. During the session thirty hours were devoted to practical work in agriculture and dairying. This work included the following : Measurements of length, area, and volume; English and metric system; purification of liquids by filtration, evaporation, and condensation; methods of finding the specific gravity of liquids. Methods of testing milk, skim-milk, cream, butter, and cheese for percentage of butter-fat. Creaming of milk : (a) Shallowpan setting; (6) deep-pan setting; (c) dilution method; (d) hand separator. Testing milk for acidity; preparation of the decinormai alkaline solution; preparation of the indicator. Experiments with the following preservatives : (a) Formalin, (b) boric acid, (c) salicylic acid. Use of thermometers and lactometers; use of lactometer in estimating total solids, &c. The course in agriculture included demonstration lessons in pruning and spraying, preparation of cuttings, methods of budding; demonstration lesson in trenching school-garden; methods of appl} T ing lime and manures; seed-testing. Experimental work: Finding specific gravity of different soils, experiments showing osmosis, capillarity, retentive power, porosity, transpiration, the presence of starch in leaves, the giving-off of oxygen from leaves and carbonic oxide from germinating seeds; experiments with various substances to show power of flocculating clay particles; tests with soils to show presence of nitrates, phosphates, &c.; experiments in seedtesting, &c, and essentials of germination. Whilst acknowledging the good work done by the instructors of the correspondence course, and also paying a tribute to the earnestness of the students, I must state emphatically that I do not expect the first year's work to be productive of any great results. If these teachers are enabled to break themselves into methodical habits of study and to accustom themselves to answering examination-papers, I am firmly convinced that with this foundation an excellent year's work can be done next year, 1914. The evening technical work, commenced in 1912, at Woodville and Hastings, was continued during 1913. At Woodville only two classes were formed—a class in shorthand with a roll number of sixteen and an average attendance of nine, and a woodwork class, roll twelve, average attendance nine. The response to the endeavours to inaugurate classes at this centre has clearly proved that (1) insufficient pupils are available, or (2) there is no demand for technical education in this centre. At Hastings a very promising start was made. Well-attended classes in the undermentioned subjects were formed : Plumbing, wool-classing, wood-carving, cookery, cabinetmaking, millinery, dressmaking. For the first quarter over a hundred students were on the evening rolls. The attendance was regular, and excellent work was being done. The second quarter opened with an attendance under fifty, and as winter approached the attendance in a number of classes dropped to below the minimum, and these classes were closed. As no improvement took place when the warm weather approached it was decided that all classes should shut down at the end of the quarter. I must confess that T was greatly disappointed at the failure of this school, especially after the success of 1912 and the promising beginning in February, 1913. There are, however, a number of reasons that contend against attendance at evening technical schools : Many boys do not leave work until 6 o'clock, and as the classes commence at 7.30 p.m. an hour and a half is insufficient to reach home, change, have tea, and get to school in time. Many pupils live a long distance from the school, and their parents object to them being out late'at night. Many pupils have night-work occasionally, and their absence breaks the continuity of the work, and hence interest in the work is lost, and the pupils gradually drop away from school. Perhaps the greatest factor in the want of interest shown in the work of the Technical School lies in the ease in which positions are obtained. There is such a large demand for boylabour that as soon as a boy obtains his Sixth Standard leaving certificate he can obtain a position. In fact, instead of a boy or girl having to compete against a number of their sex for a position, it is more the reverse —the employers competing for the services of the boys, &c. In conclusion, I am forced to state that before an evening Technical School will be a success in Hastings it will be necessary for the School Committees at Hastings, Mahora North and South to ask the Board to put into force the regulations governing compulsory attendance at evening classes of all pupils (boys and girls) under seventeen years of age. Ernest G. Loten, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Glasses conducted at Dannevirke, Gisborne, Hastings, Waipawa, and Woodville by the Hawke's Bay Education Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Gr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 207 11 10 Salaries of instructors ' .. .. .. 247 9 6 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 93 18 9 Office expenses (inoluding salaries, staFurniture, fittings, apparatus .. .. 517 6 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 13 10 3 Material .. .. .. .. 33 10 0 Advertising and printing.. .. .. 6 12 8 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 46 15 0 Lighting, heating, and cleaning .. .. 12 17 2 Pees .. .. .. .. • • 80 17 0 Insurance and renairs .. .. .. 15 6 Sales .. .. .. .. .. 20 18 2 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 880 Transfer of Dr. balance Teachers' Classes Material, &c, for olass use .. .. 42 3 10 Account (as on 31st December, 1912) .. 7 6 8 Buildings .. .. .. .. 319 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 20 1 0 Or. balanoe at end of year .. .. 140 8 0 £496 14 11 £496 14 11 G, Crawshaw, Secretary.

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Extract from the Report op tub Director of the Napier Technical College. The work is carried on in branches as follows : (o) An organized day Technical School of 86 pupils; (6) an evening school, 331 pupils; (c) classes for cookery and woodwork from private schools, 88 pupils; (d) teachers' training classes in science and art, 36 pupils; (c) primary-school classes in cookery and dressmaking (six classes) 140 pupils, and in woodwork (seven classes) 165 pupils : total, 836 pupils. The day-school curriculum is divided into three courses : Mechanical course and commercial course for boys, and a combined- domestic and commercial course for girls. Ihe roll of eightysix is made up of forty-eight first-year pupils, twenty-nine second-year, and nine third-year. Of this number, sixteen withdrew during the year owing to sickness and. in the case of the senior pupils, obtaining appointments. It is a matter of regret that six of the withdrawals were firstyear pupils, as it is quite obvious that very little good of a permanent character can be done in such a short period ; at least two years is necessary if any real benefit is to be derived by the pupil. The attendance has been very good, and I have to congratulate both parents and pupils that this is so, because irregular attendance can lead to nothing less than dissatisfaction on the part of teacher, pupil, and parent. Two exhibitions of school-work have been held, one at the Agricultural and Pastoral Show at Hastings, and also an exhibition in the College buildings, which was attended by a large number of people. The College has also forwarded an exhibit of. first- and second-year work in engineering, machine-drawing, needlework, dressmaking, and millinery, also plans and full working patterns, to the Auckland Exhibition. The usual games — i.e., tennis, swimming, football, and cricket —also physical drill for girls, have been carried on, and it is a matter for congratulation that so many swimming pupils have qualified for distances ranging from 100 yards to two miles, the latter distance being covered by two girls. Two examinations were held —half-yearly and yearly —and at the latter sixty-one pupils presented themselves, with satisfactory results. I regret to have to report that Mr. Newman, having obtained an appointment in Invercargill Technical School, is leaving at the end of the year. Mr. A. Hyne has been appointed to the position. Mr. Godson, late of South Kensington Art School, has been appointed art master to the College, and will take up his duties at the beginning of 1914. Through the generositj; - of an anonymous donor it has been possible to install electric light in three workshops. The evening classes have been carried on in a similar manner to the previous year, classes being held ir English and composition, arithmetic, mathematics, shorthand, typewriting, bookkeeping, building-construction, woodwork, geometry, plumbing, engineering, machine-drawing, electricity, electric wiring, wool-classing, art, sign and ticket writing, cookery, dressmaking, hygiene, needlework, and millinery. The subjects were combined into courses suitable for the various trades—commerce or domestic—considerable reductions being made in the fees for pupils taking two or more subjects. The general attendance at the classes was, I regret to say, unsatisfactory, especially in the case of first-year pupils, any little attraction in the town being quite sufficient to keep several away. This is to be deplored, as the work of the first year is necessarily the groundwork of that which follows, and in this way the educational value of the classes is greatly reduced. The total number of individual pupils attending the evening classes, was 331. The highest average for any month was 423, the lowest 370, compared with 380 highest and 301 lowest in the previous year, but the greater number of pupils attend for two or more evenings per week. It is a matter for surprise and regret that such important classes as electricity, electric wiring, and building-construction should lapse before the end of the session for want of support. The time must surely come when the individual who is equipped with the knowledge of the scientific side of his trade as well as the practical side will come out on top. Six pupils passed the examinations of the City and Guilds of London Institute in plumbing, two in millinery, one in metal-work, and one in cabinetmaking. Nineteen pupils obtained certificates from Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons for shorthand, as follows: Five for speed at eighty words per minute, five for theory, and nine obtained the elementary certificate. An important feature of the year was the establishment, under the Education Amendment Act, 1910, of continuation and technical classes for all persons under the age of seventeen who were not being otherwise suitably educated. The attendance is compulsory under the Act, but I am happy to report that very little friction occurred, most parents assisting me in carrying on these classes. Some of the pupils were at first very disinclined for work, but gradually entered into the spirit of the scheme and have really done good work, especially towards the end of the year. Seventy pupils who had not obtained proficiency certificates were enrolled during the year, and attended for two evenings per week, taking English, arithmetic, drawing, and geography as for Standard VI, in the hope that some of them might be able to obtain proficiency certificates. This was foujid to be impracticable, partly owing to the low educational standard of the pupils, and partly to the fact that the majority of them, worked hard all day and were unfit for study. For the year 1914 arrangements will be made so that these pupils study English and arithmetic for one evening per week, and any other subject that applies to their work on another evening. Undoubtedly these classes were a success, particularly so in many cases. Our wool-classing students were successful in getting placed first, second, and third at the Agricultural and Pastoral Show competitions for wool-classing. This most important class has been carried on during the whole of the year with a roll of seven pupils. The work done during the year in all classes has been very good, and great praise is due to the various instructors for their energy and earnestness in carrying out their duties, and also for the support that they have given me at all times. In conclusion, I have also to return most hearty thanks to parents for assisting me in many ways, the staff for unfailing loyalty and earnestness in their work, the Board of Managers, also the various contributing bodies and persons for financial assistance which is absolutely indispensable. Walter Fossey, Director.

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Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Associated Classes conducted at the Napier Technical College. Receipts. . & s. d. Expenditure. & s. d. Or. balance at beginning of year .. .. 735 6 1 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 1,730 14 0 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 318 0 11' Office expenses (including stationery, &0.).. 23 10 1 Capitation on account of free places .. 139 7 10 Advertising and printing.. .. .. 47 3 6 Capitation on account of day Technioal Lighting and heating .. .. .. 43 6 4 School .. .. .. .- 1,007 0 0 Insurance and repairs .. .. . 19 0 4 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 254 9 6 Material for class use .. .. .. 215 210 Material .. .. .. 124 2 3 Rates .. .. .. .. .. 610 0 Fees .. .. .. .. 145 3 6 Prizes, &c. .. .. .. .. 10 1 6 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 149 4 0 Cartage, &c. .. .. .. .. 11 15 3 On account of public-school classes .. 188 10 0 Buildings and fittings .. .. .. 41 1 3 Controlling authority (teachers' classes) .. 51 0 0 Furniture and apparatus .. .. 314 0 0 Sales of material .. .. .. 110 16 4 Cr. balance at end. of year .. .. 778 0 4 Interest .. .. .. .. 17 5 0 £3,240 5 5 £3,240 5 5 J. H. Sheath, Chairman | » M Walter Fossey, Secretary] 01 Mana g ers - Extract fbom the Report of the Director of the Waipawa Technical School. The continuation classes which were opened at the beginning of the year had to be closed after a three-weeks trial, the number of pupils being below the minimum fixed upon by the Managers. An effort was made to open a class at Waipukurau for hygiene and first aid, but no pupils were forthcoming. A similar class was conducted for a term of twelve weeks at Waipawa, and was attended by seven students, who all through the term showed great interest both in the theoretical aud practical work of the class. Mr. Winlove, of Waipukurau, having offered free of charge the use of his workshop and plumbing appliances, and the pupils being supplied with material by their employers, a capable instructor was engaged and a class for plumbing was conducted during the last term of the year, but with the exception of four apprentices who had previously signified their desire for such a class no pupils offered themselves. This class was opened as an experiment, and the arrangement worked well, the only drawback being the dearth of pupils. As in previous years, the Education Board continued to carry out a wide and wellorganized syllabus of manual instruction in the school classes, which are conducted here under special instructors for three days a week. The subjects taught are woodwork, domestic science (including cookery and dressmaking), agriculture, dairy science, and the science of common life. John D. Watson, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Classe conducted by the Waipawa Technical Classes Association. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Cr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 81 3 1 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 2 0 0 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 850 Office expenses (inoluding salaries, staVoluntary contributions .. .. .. 17 10 0 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 650 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 213 0 Bank charges, &o. .. .. .. 016 8 Cr. balance at end of year.. .. .. 95 3 5 £106 18 1 £106 18 1 J. D. Watson, Secretary of Managers. Extract from the Eeport of the Governors of the Gisborne High School. Special classes in book-keeping, shorthand and typewriting were carried on at the Technical School, and the results were fairly satisfactory; the attendance, however, was rather disappointing. Classes in plumbing, both theoretical and practical, were also held, and the results were very satisfactory. Examinations in this subject under the auspices of the City and Guilds of London Institute and the Plumbers' Board of New Zealand were held. In the former five pupils (apprentices) gained passes in Grade I, two in Grade II (theory), one in principles of leadwork, Grade 11, and one in plumbers' work (practical), Grade 11. The result of the examination held by the Plumbers' Board is not yet to hand. Wool-classing at various centres throughout the district was also carried on, and the instruction was much appreciated by the farmers. The question of the continuance of these classes will be considered by the Board early in the coming year. The donations in aid of the classes from the Gisborne Borough and Cook County Council, the Gisborne Sheep-farmers' Meat Company, and the local Plumbers' Board of Control were much appreciated. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at the Gisborne Technical School by the Gisborne High School Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Cr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 37 12 5 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 297 15 0 Capitation on speoial olasses .. .. 55 8 9 Office expenses (including salaries, staSubsidies on voluntary contributions .. 26 0 0 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. 27 711 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 217 15 0 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 10 9 6 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 62 15 0 Lighting, heating, and oaretaker .. .. 24 3 10 Wool-olassing .. .. .. .. 911 5 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 15 9 7 Sales of material.. .. .. 20 17 4 Hire of typewriter .. .. .. 2 0 0 Dr. balance at end of year .. .. 81 0 6 Examinations, &c. .. .. .. 6 0 0 Material for class use .. .. .. 39 1 1 Labour—wool-classing .. .. .. 12 0 3 Travelling - expenses — instruotor of woolclassing .. .. .. 68 7 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 8 6 3 £511 0 5 £511 0 5 W. Morgan, Secretary.

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EXTBAOT FROM THE REPORT OF IHE GOVERNORS OF THE DaNNEVIRKE HIGH SCHOOL. Through lack of interest in technical education it has not been found possible to carry on many classes at the Technical School. The plumbing class, with a roll of ten pupils, was carried on for two terms. The attendance was fairly good. Three of the pupils came all the way from Woodville. The typewriting and shorthand class wag maintained for two terms with a roll of fifteen pupils, but the attendance was irregular. Statement of Receipts and .Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Glasses conducted at the Dannevirke Technical School by the DannevirJce High School Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. & s. d. Cr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 11 16 5 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 36 5 0 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 22 17 5 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 2 0 6 Material.. .. .. .. .. 648 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 216 1 Pees .. .. .. .. 17 4 0 Insuranoe and repairs .. .. .. 17 9 Sales of material.. . .. .. 4 11 0 Material for olass use .. .. .. 9 15 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 3 6 0 Cr. balance at end of year.. .. .. 7 3 2 £62 13 6 £62 13 6 Thomas Macallan, Secretary. MARLBOROUGH. Extract from the Report of the Education Board. School classes in woodwork, cookery, and advanced plain needlework were again held at the Blenheim Technical School, being attended by pupils from the following schools : Picton, Springlands, Grovetown, Renwick, Fairhall, Marlborough High School, and Convent. Recognized classes in handwork and manual instruction were held in. forty-three schools, but practically every school in the district takes handwork as a regular subject. Courses of instruction for teachers were held during the year as follows : Elementary agriculture and dairy-work, by Mr. L. J. Wild and Mr. W. A. G. Penlington; hygiene and physiology, by Dr, Adams. Extract from the Report of the Inspector of Schools. School classes in woodwork, cookery, and advanced plain needlework were conducted in the Blenheim Technical School, and satisfactory work was achieved. The following schools were represented : Picton, Springlands; Grovetown, Renwick, Fairhall, and Convent. Recognized classes in handwork and manual instruction were held in forty-two schools, but practically every school takes as a regular subject handwork in some form. Near many of our schools good facilities exist for the practice of swimming and life-saving, and I regret that only four schools formed classes in this most important subject. Since the establishment of the municipal baths in Blenheim swimming has become most popular with the scholars, and already we have some fine swimmers amongst both boys and girls. It is an art easily and quickly learnt, and if only from a health point of view it should certainly not be neglected. The time is well spent, and I see no reason why during the summer months swimming should not take the place of physical exercises. Swimming is one of the finest of physical exercises. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at Blenheim by the Marlborough Education Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on classes .. .. .. 85 3 4 Cr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 315 13 2 Training of teaohers .. .. .. 180 0 0 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 135 19 3 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 30 9 0 Office expenses (including salaries, staDr. balance at end of year .. .. 213 1 4 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 29 11 3 Material for class use .. .. .. 13 10 i Teachers' allowances for expenses .. 11 0 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 2 19 8 £508 13 8 fc £508 13 8 E. Hylton, Secretary.

NELSON. Extract from the Report of the Education Board. Very satisfactory progress has been recorded at the Technical Schools in Nelson and Westport, and also in connexion with the maaual-training schools at Nelson, Westport, Reefton, Motueka, and Wakefield. As indicated in the last report, Mr. F. C. J. Cockburn has assumed the duties of Director of Technical Education, which office he holds in conjunction with the position of art master at Nelson Technical School. Very liberal support in the matter of attendance is accorded to the Nelson Technical School. The expenses of management have been considerably curtailed without impairing the efficiency of the institution, though it is a matter for regret

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that no financial assistance is provided by the City and County Councils for increasing the usefulness of the school. The Board's thanks are due to Mr. Cawthorn for a donation of £30 to the funds of the school. The attendance tit Westport Technical School was quite satisfactory up to the commencement of the industrial trouble towards the end of the year. The day engineeringclasses, which are a feature of this institution, had the small roll number of ten for the year. I wish to again emphasize the necessity for a proper recognition of the work of the engineering school by the Eailway and Marine Departments. The training afforded to the students is admittedly more thorough than that gained through apprenticeship in the ordinary way, and yet at the present time the students who attend the school cannot count the time spent at the school as part of their apprenticeship term. The matter has been brought under notice several times, and should now be rectified without further delay. Extract from the Report of the Inspectors of Schools. Various branches of elementary handwork have been recognized in fifty-eight schools, as compared with forty-eight in our last return. The number of schools doing paper-folding is the same as that of last year. In the case of every other branch more general ti-eatment has prevailed. The ten schools in which needlework is recognized are in charge of male sole teachers, and the classes are taken by visiting teachers. All the other branches of handwork and manual training except cookery, woodwork, ironwork, and dairy-work are taught by members of the regular staff. The number of schools taking manual training has increased to fifty-five,, and the following were the classes receiving instruction: Metal-work, 7; woodwork, 10; cookery, 24; elementary agriculture, 41; physiology and first aid, 18; dairy-work, 12; swimming and lifesaving, 14; physical measurements, 6; elementary chemistry, 1. Trie subjects taken by permanent instructors from the Technical staff were treated at the manual-training centres of Nelson, Wakefield, Motueka, JVVestport, and Reefton. Under the new regulations it will now be compulsory for ail the boys in Standards V and VI who are out of reach of one of these centres to take where practicable elementary agriculture, and for the girls to take practical home science. Physiology and first aid and swimming and life-saving may still-be taken as subjects under the Manual and Technical Regulations. Much of the matter treated of under the former heading may be dealt with either as science or in the course of lessons on health. The teaching of swimming in our high-grade schools has received an additional fillip from, the opening of public baths at Westport and Reefton. The lack of such conveniences in Nelson City is still unfortunately put forth as an excuse for neglecting to give the girls of the local school similar instruction. We regret that the subject does not receive as much attention ■as its importance warrants, and that any child should have to leave school without ample opportunity being afforded him to acquire so useful an art. For two of the hottest months of the early year this practice might well supersede all other forms of physical exercise. Classes for the instruction of teachers were held at Nelson in drawing, elementary chemistry, and elementary botany; and at Westport in drawing, elementary chemistry, and elementary physiology and Irygiene. We congratulate the Technical School staff upon their success under the new management, especially the improvement in methods, attendance, and finances, and hope that the time will soon come when the institution will cease to be a drain upon funds that should be devoted to primary education. One feature of the work undertaken, the continuation class, seems to be very little in favour. It may be carried on at any centre, even if no technical school has been established, but probably the smallness of the capitation fee prevents the formation of any but large classes. Extract fbom the Report of the Director of Technical Education. Manual-training cla.sses were conducted at the Nelson, Wakefield, and Motueka centres under special instructors in woodwork and cookery, and were well and regularly attended, and did good work. The appointment of Mr. G. Coleman as assistant enabled the classes at Wakefield to run for the first time a lull year's course of sixty hours. The present arrangement for the hop-picking holidays considerably disorganized the work during the early part of the year. It is to be regretted that the Board were unable to see their way to the establishing of classes in woodwork for the boys at Motueka on similar lines to the cookery classes for girls. During the year an extension of the woodwork-room in connexion with the Nelson Technical School was made, and a small addition was also made to the art-room. These improvements were much needed, and will greatly tend to the comfort and to greater efficiencj' in working. The numbers of children from the public schools attending at the various centres for instruction in woodwork and cookery during the year were as follows: Woodwork —Nelson centre, 152; Wakefield centre, 72: Cookery —Nelson centre, 160; Wakefield centre, 60; Motueka centre, .'S4 : total, 478. Interest in technical education in the Nelson District continues to grow, as evidenced by the increased attendance at all classes. A large number of students have taken up definite courses of work. Unfortunately, the accountancy class, which in the past had been such a successful one, had to be abandoned at the end of the first term owing to the number of students being insufficient to warrant its continuance. The regulations requiring candidates for the Accountancy Examination to first obtain their Matriculation are largely responsible for the falling-away in this class. The plumbers' class also had to be abandoned owing to the lack of interest shown by the students. Probably under the improved conditions this class will prove more successful during the session 1914. Such a class as this, whilst absolutely essential and practically the only source available where the youth may obtain that knowledge, theoretical and practical, necessary to enable him to practise his calling, cannot from the nature of the work possibly be a large class, and therefore self-supporting, in a small centre like Nelson. Much benefit generally would be

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conferred upon the College if local bodies and others would come forward and take a live interest in the work of the College. There is a real danger that in the endeavour to make ends meet the educational- interests of the students may be overlooked, and that one section of the College maybe starved in order to make good deficiencies in another section. After an interval of nearly two years an effort was made to revive the class for mechanical engineering. During the last term a start was made. It ran for a short term of nine weeks, and, although only a small class, and greatly handicapped by the shortage of necessary tools, &c, was most successful, the students being regular in attendance and enthusiastic over their work. Ihe commercial classes were very well attended, one very satisfactory feature being the largely increased attendance at the English and arithmetic classes. More and better work could be done if more typewriting-machines were available. Many of the machines in present use are of an obsolete pattern and quite incapable of producing good work. The domestic course proved popular, the dressmaking classes being particularly sought after, and many intending students had to be refused admission. The telegraphy class steadily grew during the year, and did some good work, many of the students obtaining their promotion early as a direct result of their efforts in this class. A further loan of instruments was obtained from the Post and Telegraph Department to meet the increased needs of this class. The evening class in cabinetmaking and carpentry was composed principally of amateurs who did some very creditable pieces of work. It is rather disappointing to find that such a class is not taken advantage of by the young apprentices in the trade. The photography class was not attended as well as might have been expected, but turned out some very excellent examples of the art. The evening class in cookery was also very poorly attended, and lapsed at the end of the second term. During the last term a short course of invalid cookery was started for the nurses from the Hospital. A short course in cookery was also started for Boy Scouts. The art and art-craft classes, as in previous years, attracted a large and increasing number of students, who took up various branches of art, wood-carving, copperwork, embossed-leather work, enamelling, stencilling, lead-light working, design, drawing and painting from nature, ticket-writing, &c. The usual classes for teachers in drawing, chemistry, and botany were held on Wednesday and Thursday evening's and on Saturday mornings. These were rather late in commencing owing to the hop-picking holidays. Courses of work in farm carpentry were conducted at Stoke Orphanage and were attended by some fifty boys. Ihe following is a summary of the numbers enrolled and the subjects taken : There were 416 students on the rolls taking technical subjects; of these, 81 held Junior* Free Places and 43 Senior Free Places, a total of 124 pupils. 194 students took up grouped courses of work, earning the higher rate of capitation; 117 students took commercial subjects, 123 art and artcrafts, 21 photography, 33 telegraphy, 8 mechanical engineering, 48 carpentry and cabinetmaking, 80 cookery, 156 dressmaking, 83 millinery, 96 English and arithmetic, and 8 accountancy. A most successful year was brought to a termination by the annual exhibition of work, which was formally opened by the Chairman of the Board. Manual-training classes in metal-work (190 pupils) and cookery (152 pupils) were conducted at Westport, and in woodwork (forty-eight pupils) and cookery (forty-two pupils) at Reefton by special instructors. The day technical classes in mechanical engineering at Westport commenced the session with a roll of thirteen, but fell away towards the end of the year to nine. This is a smaller number than in previous years. Six made the maximum number of hour-attendances (800), thus qualifying for the higher rate of capitation ; three made 600 and one made 400. The smaiiness of the class was to a certain extent accounted for by the unsettled state of affairs in Westport during the latter part of last year. When the Railway Department recognizes the work of the students the future of this particular class will be assured. Special classes were held for the most part during the evenings. The subjects taken were typewriting, shorthand, book-keep-ing, art, mechanical engineering, and carpentry. The attendance in most cases was far from satisfactory; in fact, several students will forfeit their free places from this cause. In seven cases holders of free places failed to attend the classes in arithmetic and English, although these are compulsory subjects and their free places are held conditionally upon their attending. This is a serious matter. In the first place, the student has failed to gain any real benefit, and also it means a considerable loss of revenue to the school. In this case it will probably amount to not less than £50. During the 1912 session at tho Nelson Technical School no less than sixteen students forfeited their free places on account of irregularity in attendance, but in 1913 we had no loss from this cause. I attribute this fact to the system adopted during the year of sending out notices to all free pupils who were absent twice in succession without the cause being known, and I would suggest that the same system be adopted at Westport. Amongst the paying students a similar laxity in attending was apparent. In out of a roll of seventeen at the beginning of the session only five were in attendance at the end of the session. Similarly, in shorthand and typewriting the session began with seventeen pupils and finished with five. Other cases could also be quoted. Excellent facilities have been provided for technical instruction in W T estport, and I confidently expect that during the present year the .work and scope of the school will be better supported and appreciated. To the local bodies in the Westport District our thanks are due for donations provided towards the support of the school, and also to the Inangahua County Council for their contributions towards the expenses of conducting classes at Reefton. I hope that during the present year additional classes will be formed at Reefton centre. In conclusion, I have to thank the Education Department for meeting the requirements of the College in so ready a manner, the Post and Telegraph Department for the loan of instruments, the Board's staff for the valuable assistance rendered to me during the course of the year, and the members of the College staff for their loyalty and support. F. C. J. Cockburn, Director.

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Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at Nelson, Reefton, Westport, and certain Country Centres by the Nelson Education Board. Receipts. £ s. d. | Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on special classes .. .. 1,060 14 6 Dr. balance at beginning of year.. .. 2,048 8 9 Capitation on account day Technical School, Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 1,543 10 0 Westport .. .. .. .. 258 17 6 Office expenses (inoluding salaries, staCapitation on aocount of free places .. 279 3 3 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 87 10 2 Buildings .. .. .. .. 165 0 0 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 36 811 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 247 15 2 i Lighting and heating .. .. .. 64 8 4 Material .. .. .. 127 9 0 Material for class use .. .. 98 2 4 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 74 9 3 Instructors' travelling-expenses .. .. 12 7 4 For instruction in woodwork for pupils at Cartage and freights .. .. .. 8 4 7 Boys' Training Farm, Nelson .. .. 176 16 0 , Incidentals .. .. .. .. 8 12 9 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 230 10 9 Buildings .. .. .. .. 363 3 1 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 100 19 0 : Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 62 0 11 On aocount of publio-sehool classes for years 1912 and 1913 .. .. .. 500 0 0 Governors, Nelson College, towards instructors' salaries.. .. .. .. 73 6 8 Rents .. .. .. .. .. 51.0 8 Dr. balance at end of year .. .. 986 15 5 £4,332 17 2 | £4,332 17 2 N. E. Williams, Secretary.

GREY. Extract fbom the Report of the Education Hoard. Elementary handwork vow practically forms part of the ordinary school curriculum, and is regularly practised in all schools in the district. Of the total average attendance of 1,765 pupils capitation for handwork was earned by 1,689, and in the remaining small schools a considerable amount of work was also done, although not sufficient to earn the Department's allowances. Capitation for cookery was earned by 141 girls and for woodwork by 178 boys, fourteen schools participating in the instruction, which was given in the properly equipped Technical School at Greymouth. Elementary agriculture instruction was also given at three schools. The past yea: , has seen the Board's scheme of technical education fairly inaugurated, and the results already achieved must be gratifying to all interested in educational work. The twenty-seven evening classes established at Greymouth and Runanga centres had total roll numbers of 626, and were attended by 320 individual students, of whom twenty-three were Senior and eighty-five Junior Free Place holders. To accommodate the various classes the Board had to rent suitable rooms in four different buildings. The attendance of the evening classes at Greymouth and Runanga speaks volumes for the appreciation by the students of the valuable instruction given. This result was largely due to the teaching ability and enthusiasm of the four permanent instructors. During the year two exhibitions of technical work were held — one in June, consisting of exhibits kindly loaned for the occasion by nearly every technical school in the Dominion; and the second in December, which consisted wholly of work executed by students of the Grey District. In both instances the exhibitions were visited by practically the whole population of the Grey District and by many from neighbouring centres. Judging by the interest taken, the nature of the exhibits was a revelation to many people of the practical, artistic, and useful results of technical education. Extract from the Report of the Inspector of Schools. Handwork is rapidly finding its true place in the schools of this district,- and various branches are being taken, even in some of the smaller schools, in correlation with other subjects. It is being recognized as a valuable aid in supplementing the general work, and is no longer looked upon by the better teachers as a bugbear in the shape of an extra subject. During the year recognition was granted for the following subjects : Physical measurements, three classes; agriculture, three; needlework, one; elementary handwork, forty-five. In addition there were nine school classes in woodwork and eight in cookery, the work being taken by special instructors at the Greymouth Technical School. During the year teachers' Saturday classes were held for physical science and instrumental drawing and handwork. A winter school for teachers was held during the mid-year vacation, the subjects taken being ambulance and first aid, free drawing, handwork, and vocal music. All these classes were well attended, particularly by teachers from distant schools, and much useful work was done. Extract from the Report of the Director of Manual and Technical Instruction. During the year a considerable advance was made. The work for some time has been to a large extent spasmodic in its nature, and it was felt by the Board that no satisfactory improvement could be effected until it was placed in the hands of permanent instructors whose main interests would be centred in their classes. This important step could not be taken until there was some assurance of the probability of the establishment of sufficiently large classes. A provisional prospectus was accordingly prepared and circulated extensively throughout the district. This pamphlet set out in detail the various courses of work that might be suitable to the needs of ■the district, explained the privileges and conditions attached to free places at the classes, and Contained forms of application for admission as students. Then an exhibition of work done by

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students was held, the Principals of various technical colleges kindly supplying the exhibits. The newspapers of the district took the matter up and enthusiastically seconded the efforts of the Board. As a result of the publicity given through these various agencies a great deal of interest was evoked in the matter of technical work, and a large number of applications for enrolment were received. From an analysis of these it was considered possible to undertake courses in commercial work, domestic science, applied science, handicrafts, and art. Mr. James Connor was appointed to take up the commercial classes and to c.arry out the duties of registrar; Miss M. E. McDonald was placed in charge of school cookery and evening domestic-science classes; and Mr. J. Golville Cook was engaged for school woodwork and evening classes in applied science, handicrafts, and art. As the attendance rapidly increased it was found necessary to employ temporary instructors. Miss A. A. Jones was accordingly appointed to assist with the dressmaking and millinery classes, and three local assistants were engaged to take over part of the work of the shorthand, typewriting, English, and arithmetic classes. Four classes were conducted at Runanga, and stii dents from that town also came to the Greymouth centre for such practical work as typewriting, cookery, carpentry, &c. As the Technical School at Greymouth has only two rooms, equipped for woodwork and cookery respectively, it was necessary to engage temporary quarters for the accommodation of some of the classes. These, fortunately, are fairly suitable, but they are not so satisfactory as properly designed permanent class-rooms would be. It was well past the middle of the year before a commencement could be made with the instructional work, but a satisfactory course was accomplished before the year ended. Notwithstanding considerable dislocation of business owing to industrial troubles, the attendance was exceedingly good. There were nine school classes in woodwork and eight, m cookery, the pupils in some cases coming a considerable distance by train to attend. The total roll number of these school classes, including one from the Greymouth Convent and one from the Marist Brothers' school, was 375. The total roll of the evening classes taking the various branches of art drawing, geometrical and mechanical drawing, carpentry and joinery, building-construc-tion, wood-carving, dressmaking, millinery, cookery, shorthand, typewriting, book-keeping, English and arithmetic was 626. Attending these classes there were twenty-three Senior and eightj'five Junior Free Place holders. At the close of the year we held an exhibition of work done by school and adult classes in our own district. A great deal of interest was evinced in this, and there was much favourable comment upon the advance made in such a short period. Thanks are due to the officers of the Education Department for advice and assistance, and for their courtesy and consideration generally; to the Press, local bodies, associations, and private individuals for their active support; and to the permanent and temporary instructors for their whole-hearted services rendered under considerable but unavoidable difficulties. W. S. Austin, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Glasses conducted at Greymouth by the Greymouth 1 Education Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on special classes .. 63 18 6 Dr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 135 6 6 Material .. .. .. .. ..220 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 187 18 10 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 39 10 6 Office expenses (including salaries, sfcaVoluntary contributions .. .. 20 0 0 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. 71 18 2 Sales of material ~ .. .. .. 15 15 0 Advertising and printing .. 6 17 6 Grazing-rent .. .. .. 210 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 6 4 5 Dr. balance at end of year .. .. .. 626 0 2 Repairs .. .. .. .. 30 1 3 Material for class use .. .. ..882 Caretakers .. .. ~ .. 11 17 6 Exhibition expenses .. .. .. 27 9 9 Instructor's coach fares .. .. 19 2 6 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 179 111 By transfer to Teaohers' Training Account .. 85 9 8 £769 16 2 £769 16 2 P. F. Daniel, Secretary. WESTLAND. Extract from the Report of the Education Boakd. The following recognized classes have been in operation during the year : School classes in handwork, eight schools; school classes in elementary agriculture, three schools; school classes in elementary home science, girls of secondary class, Hokitika District High School; school classes in elementary physical science, boys of secondary class, Hokitika District High School. In addition a teachers' class for school method, home science, needlework, and vocal music was in operation for twenty-four weeks, the instructors being Mr. L. F. de Berry, M.A., Miss Ward, and the Inspector of Schools. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at Hokitika by the Westland Education Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. & , d, Capitation on speoial olasses .. .. 15 15 6 Dr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 48 14 9 Training of teachers .. .. .. 32 8 0 Dr. balanoe at end of year .. .. .. 0 11 3 £48 14 9 £48 IT~9 A. J. Morton, Secretary.

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NORTH CANTERBURY. Extract prom the Report of the Education Board. The Director of Manual Training refers in his report to the good work done during the yea: , and to the satisfactory conduct and attendance of the pupils. Cookery and laundry-work, which previously had been taken separately, have now been joined in one course, thus providing greater variety and helping to maintain the interest of the pupils. The average attendance at the Christchurch centres was 880 in the case of woodwork and 828 in cookery (including laundry-work). During the year representations were made to the Board urging that the control and supervision of the manual-training classes should be in the hands of the Board's Inspectors, the instructors to be regarded as assistants in the school and the work arranged by the head teacher. The proposal did not commend itself to the Board, the existing arrangement under which the Inspectors report on the work done having proved very satisfactory. At a conference of instructors held during the year the importance of co-ordinating the teaching of drawing with that in the primary schools has been emphasized, and the opinion expressed that the Department should formulate a scheme of geometrical drawing for primary schools having special bearing on manual training. In this connexion it m&v be pointed out that in the departmental Inspector's report on the Board's manual classes at the city centres it is stated that the instruction is on satisfactory lines, and that it would be an advantage if the work at country centres were placed under similar supervision. This the Board has arranged by asking Mr. Howell to report on the work carried out at these centres, in regard to which there are otherwise few changes to record. At Amberley, owing to lack of support, the technical classes for adults have been discontinued for a time. At Ashburton the interest in the work lias been well maintained, with a large increase in the number of pupils. The attendance at Kaiapoi has not been quite so good as in the previous year. At Leeston and Doyleston, too, there has been a falling-off. Ihe Board is hopeful that as the outcome of a recent conference between its representatives and the local Managers the interest formerly taken in technical work at Leeston will be revived, and that it will be found practicable for children from the surrounding schools to participate in the advantages to be derived from manual training. The school classes in cookery and woodwork at Akaroa and Rangiora have been continued during the year. At the Lyttelton centre some alterations have been carried out in order to improve the conditions under which the school classes are conducted. It is a matter for regret that in such an important centre there should be no technical classes. The reports from the several Committees supervising the work at the country centres are appended. At twenty-seven schools classes in swimming and life-saving have been held, while the schools taking some form of handwork numbered ninety-eight. There were 130 schools in which recognized classes in agriculture were carried on. During the year the question was raised as to how far the Board should expect female teachers in sole charge to take up instruction in this subject. After careful consideration the Board has agreed that the instructor in agriculture shall confer from time to time with the Chief Inspector in order that any difficulty arising may be dealt with, and the subject receive such attention as is desirable and possible having regard to the claims of the ordinary subjects of the syllabus. In his report the Chief Instructor in Agriculture gives a brief outline of the work undertaken during the year. A full rural course was continued at Lincoln and Kaikoura, while the re-established centres at Darfield and East Oxford have taken up similar work. At three other district high schools agriculture has been taken as a subject, while 136 recognized classes have been held at primary schools. Upwards of seventy teachers and students attended special classes during the year, their attendance and attention to work being reported as almost invariably entirely satisfactory. During the year classes in woodwork, cookery, agriculture, &c, were carried on for the benefit of teachers, and bi-weekly classes in physiology were also established for pupil-teachers and probationers, who previously had little or no opportunity of complying with the requirements as regards the practical work in this subject. Extract from the Report of the Inspectors of Schools. It has come to be generally recognized by teachers that a reasonable amount of time given to handwork has a beneficial effect upon the child's attitude towards other subjects of the curriculum. It has also become evident that '' constructiveness on the part of the child is of the essence of education." The'proper place for handwork is in active co-ordination with the whole work as a means of supplementing and accenting the instruction given. In connexion with the various forms of handwork there should be continuity. If a certain form is adopted in the lower classes it should be carried right through the school, as otherwise no great success can be achieved. With effective correlation between handwork and other subjects, interest may be added and substantial progress made with a moderate dissipation of energy. In future teaching the constructive element will be in close association with'the other forms of instruction. The wide field for initiative and strong incentive to originality afforded by the new syllabus will be welcomed by progressive teachers. Extract from the Report of the Director of Manual Training. On my visits to the centres during the year I had formed very favourable impressions of the work that was being done, and a oareful comparison of the results of these with those of former years has quite confirmed their correctness. It has been a pleasure to me to notice on my visits how, almost without exception, the classes have presented that appearance of cheerful industry which is a sure sign that pupils are interested and are making progress. The regula-

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tions under which the classes are conducted have been obeyed with a minimum of friction, and the number of disciplinary cases dealt with lias been very small. It is well known and only natural that a part-time teacher finds more trouble in maintaining discipline than a full-time teacher. It is much to the credit of the staff, and a testimony to the interest they are able to inspire, that troubles of this kind have been very few indeed. I can say without hesitation that the Board have never had better reason to be satisfied with the work, conduct, and attendance than during the past session. In the case of two classes only can the reports as a whole be considered as below the standard of "good," and even these would be termed "satisfactory." In certain others, to which I should like to call attention, there are features worthy of special mention. The class that labours under the greatest difficulties is the one that has the best attendance record of all. The Belfast pupils do not get back to their railway-station until 5 o'clock, and then some of them have two or three miles to walk home. Yet what do we find? Out of eighteen boys on the roll thirteen have not missed a single attendance and two have missed only once; while the conduct of both boys and girls has been all that could be desired. Burwood has also a long distance to come, and some of the pupils live far from the tram, yet though their class starts at 9 o'clock the girls have made 96 and the boys 94 per cent, of the possible attendances, and in their reports nothing appears below " good." Woolston School sends, of course, larger classes, but twenty-three boys have never missed, twelve have missed only once; the girls have also a very good attendance record, while the work and conduct of both is " good," and in the case of the girls exceptionally so. The classes from St. Albans School have in the past established a high reputation, and this has been well maintained; thirty-three boys have not missed, seventeen have missed only once, while the record of the girls is little behind. In work and conduct both are "very good." Addington deserves to be classed with St. Albans, the reports for Standard VI being specially meritorious. In the case of Waltham each section of each standard has reached a high level, and two of the classes have been singled out by the instructor as particularly good. From. Opawa S6 sixteen out of twenty-two boys have not missed, and three nave missed only once, while both boys and girls have received no remark below " good " for either work or conduct. North Linwood is equally worthy of praise. Nineteen boys have not missed, and eight only once; while in Standard VI (girls) fifteen have not missed, and all are recorded as "very good." The above classes have been singled out only because of special merit, but I should like to emphasize again the fact that in most of the others the standard is not far below that of the classes commented on. In connexion with the woodwork one curious fact may be mentioned —viz., that the best work has been done by classes from the schools adjacent to the centres, both Sydenham S6 and Normal S6 being decidedly above the ordinary level. In the case of the latter some of the boys have shown an almost embarrassing keenness to work after school hours. The exercises done by both these classes are highly creditable. This year a special effort has been made in the woodwork classes to encourage boys to think more about their work and as far as may be to express their own ideas in the construction of exercises. In many cases, especially in classes under Mr. Barrett and Mr. Hand, the experiment has been most successful —freedom has proved a decided stimulus. Here, as in other branches of education, it is by affording opportunities for self-development and individual initiative that we shall obtain the most fruitful results. To encourage the boys who have done such really good work, and to give the general public an opportunity of making themselves acquainted with its character and the standard reached, it was arranged to hold an exhibition of exercises and drawings in the window of Messrs. Hastie, Bull, and Pickering, to whose kindness we are greatly indebted. The display was very favourably noticed by the Press of Christchurch, and attracted a good deal of attention, but experience showed that a larger window was necessary to do full justice. Should the exhibition be held another year it will no doubt be possible to make more adequate arrangements, and perhaps to extend it to include the work of the girls' department, In the domestic-science department two innovations have been made. Formerly cookery and laundry-work have been kept quite separate, the latter instruction being confined to the last term, but during this session the two subjects have been joined in one course, thus providing great variety and helping to maintain better the interest in both. When laundry-work was first introduced it was not altogether popular, and a number of parents objected to provide the girls with the garments necessary for practice; but I am glad to say that this is now quite a thing of the past. Parents have come to recognize the practical value of the instruction given, and the serious difficulty of securing material has disappeared. The regulations of the Department now permit of combined courses of coakery and home-management covering a period of sixty hours, and advantage has been taken of this to give such instruction in certain classes in which Standards V and VI are taken together, and the duration of the lesson is one hour and three-quarters. At the end of the second term a conference of manual-training instructors was held to consider and to compare our methods of work. It was well attended even by instructors from the distant centres, and was generally felt to be most beneficial. In spite of the inconvenience and expense the conference entailed to several of the members, there was a unanimity of opinion that the annual conference was desirable. I have no alterations or additions to buildings to report, though we are looking forward to such reorganization of the buildings at the Normal School when the new Training College is erected as will give a room for woodwork worthy of the importance of the subject, and where it may be carried out under as clean and hygienic conditions as obtain in an ordinary classroom. The provision of a good stove at the West Christchurch centre has added much to the comfort of the classes in winter, changing what has always been on frosty mornings a very cold place into a genially warmed workshop.

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We have again experienced changes on our staff. Mr. Hawkins, who acted as part-time ■assistant instructor, received a full-time appointment as instructor in woodwork and buildingconstruction at Gisborne Technical School; while Miss Hyde, who was part-time instructor in cookery, obtained an important appointment in cookery, dressmaking, and needlework under the Education Board, Napier. The work of Mr. Hawkins has been taken up by Mr. Brown and Mr. Judkins, and that of Miss Hyde by Miss Gilmour. But a much greater change has been caused through the withdrawal of Mrs. Gardner from all work in connexion with the primaryschool classes in order to take up the position of Lady Principal of the Girls' Training Hostel. It is unnecessary for me to say how great is the debt which the community owes to Mrs. Gardner for the pioneer work which she did for many years in the face of difficulties and discouragements that would have daunted any without her faith and cheerful courage. Miss Beck, who has for seme years past been associated with Mrs. Gardner, is now ably carrying on her work at the Technical College, assisted by Miss Truman. During the coming year I propose to visit America and Europe, and intend specially to inquire into recent developments of manual training both as regards town and country schools. I trust the information I shall obtain as to the methods in use elsewhere may enable us to improve and to extend the already valuable work that is being done. I am greatly indebted to the staff for the cordial manner in which they have co-operated in making the work so great a success, and I am confident that in my absence the work will be carried out with just the same conscientiousness and care. In conclusion, and on behalf of the staff, I desire to convey to the Board an expression of our appreciation of the encouragement and support which they have always extended to this work. John H. Howell, Director. Extract from the Report op the Chief Instructor in Agriculture. The number of classes at work during the year was as follows: Primary schools, 136; district high schools taking agriculture as a subject, 3; district high schools taking a full rural course, 4. The work begun during the previous year at the Lincoln and Kaikoura District High Schools has been continued and still further consolidated. The pioneering is not y&t over, but there is no doubt that the work is beginning to win its way in the public regard, whilst the special subjects are very popular with the pupils. It is desirable to still further extend the curriculum so as to include such subjects as poultry and bee-keeping, wool-classing, and laundry-work. The year was marked by the re-establishment of the District High Schools at Darfield and East Oxford as new centres for the teaching of rural science. A good start has been made, and it is to be hoped that the parents will show that they are alive to the value of this new opportunity by making a public-spirited effort to support these institutions. I cannot speak too highly of the zeal and ready co-operation in this work on the part of my assistant, Mr. Amess, and of the headmasters and secondary assistants at all these centres. As to quality and mode of treatment, the work in the primary schools still varies from excellent in a few cases to inferior. Each year sees an increase in the number of teachers who realize and make an honest effort to secure the true aims of agriculture as an educative subject. On the other hand, there are those who apparently are slow to apprehend its value or use in the hands of a skilful educator. This is seen in the fact that one still finds that children have been told certain facts, instead of having been given the opportunity of acquiring them by means of observation and deduction. Too much is made of the ability to memorize the fact, whereas what is really of chief moment to the child is the process by which it has been guided to the acquisition of the fact for itself. Then again, one still finds in many cases that the proper use of the school-garden as a field laboratory is little availed of. I have referred on previous occasions to both of these aspects of the treatment the subject is apt to receive, and lest it be thought that I am peculiar in the view that I have always insisted upon, I take the liberty of quoting from a well-known competent authority, who says : "A pupil may pass through an elaborate course of gardening having an end purely horticultural, and emerge with little save an accumulation of information and a knowledge of routine. So long as outward results in the form of crops and a know-ledge of horticultural facts are the primary end in view, rather than the mental'activities necessitated by a study of the fundamental principles underlying operations, and the intellectual growth of the pupil as he reflects and plans and decides in order to bring about desired results, the educational aspects of the subject are being wholly ignored. Prize cabbages and potatoes may be grown by either method. In one case these are the sole aim in view, and failure to produce them indicates failure of the garden-work. In the other case the aim is purely educational; growth, not vegetable but intellectual, is the main object,' and failure to stimulate the latter is in no wise whatsoever compensated by growth of cabbages which would catch a judge's eye on a show table. The main end of one is the production of tangible results; of the other, by the very nature of its aim, intangible results. One method is educationally dead; the other is educationally intensely alive. One is horticulture, the other is school-gardening." The zeal and persistence of the teachers in some of the sole-charge schools is worthy of special commendation. In spite of the multiplicity of classes and subjects they contrive to carry out a praiseworthy amount of work in agriculture. In this connexion I have been wondering whether some plan might be devised whereby the Fifth and Sixth Standard pupils might be sent from these schools to larger centres for, say, one day a fortnight, for woodwork, cookery, and agriculture. The arrangement would necessitate the attendance of an instructor in agriculture, but would relieve the teacher of the responsibility of these subjects and would secure more complete instruction in agriculture than can be given to a small class in a sole-charge school. Upwards of seventy teachers and students attended special classes for agriculture during the year. The attendance and attention to work were almost invariably entirely satisfactory. Somp thirty teachers attended during the session of the summer school in January.

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Extracts from Reports on Special Classes at Various Country Centres. Doyleston —The dressmaking class was conducted by Miss L. M. Rennie in the Doyleston Hall for three terms of twelve lessons each, the number on the roll being fifteen in each term, and the attendance good. Some of the pupils have attended the classes for three years. Cooking classes were conducted by Miss H. G. Rennie for two terms. The attendance had fallen off, and the instructress thought it was not advisable to go on for the third term. The woodwork class was started towards the middle of the year with an instructor from the College (Mr. Barrett), but was not the success that was expected. The cost (£1 10s. a lesson) was, however, too great to allow of the class being continued for more than one quarter As the pupils had work to finish it was thought advisable to carry the class on for another quarter with Mr. Pearce as instructor at 10s. per lesson. These classes, though small, were well attended, and much interest was shown on the part of the pupils and instructors, and some good work was done. Amberley. —The attendance at the adult classes has this year been disappointing. They have now been discontinued for a time. The school classes are still doing good work, and continue to be appreciated. The thanks of the Committee are due to the Kowai County Council for a continuance of its grant in aid. During 1914 an effort will be made to revive the interest in the classes.

Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted by the North Canterbury Education Board in Christchurch and certain Country Centres.

H. C. Lane, Secretary. Extract from the Report op the Director op the Ci-iristchurch Technical College. Since the College first opened in 1907 hardly a year has gone by that has not been marked by some noteworthy events, but the session just "completed has a record that easily surpasses that of all its predecessors. Whether we regard it from the point of view of numbers, or additions to buildings, or the extension of our work and activities, there have been striking developments in each direction. The total roll number for 1912 was 1,330, of which 343 were pupils in our day school and 987 in the evening school and special classes. During the last session our roll number reached the surprising figure of 1,475, of which 415 were pupils in our day school and 1,060 students in the evening school and special classes. 1 think it will be agreed that to be able to report an increase of 145 on a previous roll so large as 1,330 is a very significant fact. When three years ago our number reached 1,250 I felt that, considering what had been the experience of similar centres where technical education had been longer established, it would not have been any matter for surprise if this number proved to be our high-water mark under present conditions. These expectations have not so far been realized, and the growth of last year is surely remarkable. We recognize clearly, of course, that numbers are no sure test of the value of the work that is being done, but they show at any rate the need felt for this insti-

Receipts. Centre. Cr. Balance at Beginning of Year. Grants from Government. g g> «; § >>i if U if! i Fees. On n Volun- Account „ r tary of Ba ' a t noe Contri- Public- w } , butions. school v£>? Classes. ear - Totals. Christchurch Amberley Leeston and Doyleston Kaikoura £ s. d. 24 4 10 24 10 2 £ s. d. 40 7 3 4 15 3 36 6 9 9 9 9 £ s. d. £ a. d.; £ a. d. 1 42 0 0 : 2 2 0: 11 18 5 10 7 6! .. 29 2 6 ..300 £ s. d. £ a. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 82 7 3 2 2 0 15 12 0 .. 60 14 6 j 100 6 11 26 10 9 39 0 6 2 2 0 15 12 0 26 10 9 282 9 2 I Totals .. 48 15 0 90 19 0 10 7 6 2 2 0 86 0 11 2 2 0 Expenditu; :e. Centre. Salaries of Instructors. Administration. iministration. Cr. Office Ex- I Reut Buildings. : nf . Balance penses i Advertising, and and „ UIner at Totals, (including Printing, Material. Equipment. &x P en8es - End of Salaries, Lighting, and Year. Stationery, Heating. <fec). Ihristchurch.. .mberley jeeston and Doyleston Haikoura £ 8. d. 32 10 0 38 17 0 54 1 4 39 0 6 I ! I £ s. d. £ a. d. I £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ a. d. £ s. d. 090 49 83 82 73 5 9 0 0 16 3 3 10 4 .. 0 19 3 11 2 8 60 14 6 10 0 3 1 6 1 18 1 4 7 6 7 2 3 28 16 3 100 6 11 39 0 6 690 3 17 9 585 17618 10 6 89 72 282 92 Totals .. 164 8 10

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tution. But while our evening school has shown great progress, it is true in our case, as in that of other evening schools, that in comparison with the population the numbers taking advantage of the instruction are altogether too small, and that the progress of the pupils is for tin: most part slow. This is, in general, through no fault of the instructors or of the pupils, but on account of the conditions of the work. The time given to it is too short, and at the end of the day young students who have been engaged for eight or nine hours in their ordinary occupations are not able to give to their studies that concentrated energy which success demands. As I have pointed out before, for young students under seventeen or eighteen years of age the conditions of employment should be such that they can either attend day classes or have such relief as will compensate for evening work. The number of pupils in each of the day-school departments this year is as follows : Comiuevc J .al, 157 : industrial, 107; domestic science, 114; agricultural, 37. Our staff changes have been regrettably numerous. Acting under medical advice Miss Hood-Williams was compelled to ask for leave of absence for some months. While we have all very deeply regretted Miss Hood-Williams's temporary retirement, it has enabled the pupils to have the able services of Miss Digby and the staff to make the acquaintance of a most genial and willing colleague. Miss F. Williams joined our staff at the beginning of the year in succession to Miss Candy, and I should like to express the hope that her connexion with the school may be a long and pleasant one. Mr. Close, our instructor in engineering, left at the end of the first term to take up a similar position in the Brisbane 'leclmical College, and the Board has been fortunate in securing in Mr. Bauchop one who I am sure will render to the school, not only in the engineering class-room, but in those important activities outside, most useful services. Although Mr. Baucbop has been unable this year to take up full-time work, as he was finishing his studies for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering at Canterbury College, he has already proved a valuable addition to the staff. At the beginning of the second term Mrs. Gardner relinquished her duties us head of the domestic-science department to take up the important position of Principal of the Girls' Training Hostel, where she will be able to carry on work of oven greater value to the community. Miss Beck, who has been on our permanent staff ever since the opening of the College, has taken over the responsible position thus vacated, and is carrying out the duties in a most able manner. Miss Truman has been promoted to the position of assistant instructor, and Miss Thornton and Miss Graham appointed assistants in the department, while Miss Taylor and Miss Watson are acting as assistants at the Hostel. Partly owing to the growth of the school and the staff changes that have taken place, we have been glad to avail ourselves of the services of the following parttime instructors in the day school : Mr. Dunbar in the engineering department, Mrs. Wallwork in drawing, and Miss Schneider in general subjects. The extensions of the main buildings comprise a second story to the old woodwork and engineering shop, together with outside lavatories. This has allowed much greater accommodation both for mechanical engineering and for woodworking, and in addition to the provision of new workshops for sheet-metal work and bookbinding, has set free a shop that will be used as an electrical-engineering laboratory. But by far the most notable addition to our buildings and the most important extension of our work since the foundation of the College has been the Girls' Training Hostel and the activities connected with it. It was regrettable that it was impossible to commence work at the Hostel before the second term, because there has been & considerably larger number of girls at the Technical College who required training at-the Hostel than could be arranged for in the course of two terms. Growth in numbers and extensions to buildings are, however, no measure of success. Unless the school has succeeded better in its endeavours to train not merely for the home, for the office, the workshop, or the farm, but also to develop those qualities of mind and heart that go to the making of the good citizen, it has no cause for gratification. Now, as far as workshop instruction is concerned, there can be no doubt that its efficiency this year has been injuriously affected by the great inconvenience and distraction caused at times by the alterations to the buildings, but the great improvement in our conditions that has resulted should enable us to do much better in future. Certain of the staff changes that I have already mentioned have caused an undesirable break in the continuity of the work, so that on the whole, through circumstances which we could not avoid, we have not quite the same ground for satisfaction with the results as we had in previous years. In all other respects, arid especially in those matters which count most, the development of a healthy tone and the growth of a worthy school spirit, there has been, I am confident, marked development. Two new classes were formed during the, session, one in veterinary science arid one in motor-engine construction. The attendance at the veterinary-science class was much smaller than in this district the importance of the subject would lead us to expect; but the motorengineering class was a decided success, although, unfortunately, the equipment came to hand so late that the students were not able to get as much practical instruction as was desirable. The Board had hoped to be in a position to include in the course instruction in motor-car driving, which, in view of the gradual supersession of horse traction, is becoming of increasing importance not only to amateurs, but to trade drivers. Unfortunately, the Department could not see its way to recognize this as a technical subject, and therefore would give no grant towards the necessary equipment. We hope that further representations that have been made will induce the Department to reconsider the matter. Owing to the lack of proper accommodation pending the additions to the workshops, it was decided to drop the classes in tinsmithing and sheet-metal work for the session, but now that a special room is available for this work the classes will be recommenced under the instruction of Mr. G. Beck, who has been recommended by the Tinsmiths' and Sheet-metal Workers' Union for the position. 1 regret to report that, as regards

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our class in bookbinding, the attendance was so small that the Board has decided that this class must be dropped for the present unless a greater demand is forthcoming. Every requisite facility has been provided, the equipment for the class being ample for the purpose, while the Board has been fortunate in securing the services of Mr. Wraight, who, in addition to a thorough colonial experience, has had the advantage of Home and technical-college training. Yet in spite of all this, and of the earnest endeavours of the officials of the union to encourage the class, the numbers have been very small. Our shearing classes at Addington and Glenmark were again very successful, although owing to the occupation of the showgrounds by the special police, it was unfortunately necessary to close the class at Addington some weeks earlier than we would otherwise have done. The Board has decided that in future the minimum course of instruction should be two weeks, but that the working-day should be increased from six hours to eight hours. In 1912 a teachers' diploma in needlework was instituted, and similar diplomas may now be obtained in dressmaking and millinery. Iliese are the highest awards that the College gives, and are obtained only after a searching examination. At the arts and crafts exhibition two displays of class-work were made—viz., in typography and signwriting —and to each of these a first-class diploma was awarded. A representative collection of the work done in all trade classes except plumbing was prepared and forwarded to the Auckland Exhibition. The Board felt it was very desirable that the Christchurch public should have an opportunity of seeing the character of the work that is being done, and we are greatly indebted to Messrs. W. Strange and Co. (Limited) for kindly allowing us the use of their corner window for a week for the display of the exhibit before it was sent to Auckland. 1 am sure that all who were able to examine the display will agree that it was very creditable to the Staff and students alike. Some two years ago a clause was inserted in the carpenters' and joiners' award for the North Canterbury District to the effect that an apprentice who gained a second-years-course certificate at the Technical College should be paid during the last two years of his apprenticeship at the rate of not less than 2s. in excess of the ordinary apprentice rates. For the first time this qualifying examination has been held, being conducted by Messrs. Pearce and Stubberfield as representatives of the employers and Mr. Rusbridge as representing the Technical College Board. Of fifteen apprentices who presented themselves for the examination, which included both theoretical and practical tests, three qualified for the award. We confidently expect that in future years 1913 will be regarded as noteworthy through an important step taken in the direction of securing wider interest and co-operation on the part of employers and workers in the trade classes — viz., the appointment of honorary visitors for each such class. In general two honorary visitors were appointed by each union of employers or workers for whose trade a class was in existence, the honorary visitors being asked to visit the class from time to time and to make any suggestions with regard to the improvement of the equipment or instruction that they might see fit. The object of such an appointment is twofold. In the first place, and mainly, the College hopes to receive suggestions that will be of value in developing the work that is being done; and in the second place, it hopes that the honorary visitors will, by their reports to tht bodies which they represent, render valuable service in making better known the excellent, opportunities that the College offers for trade training. One of our chief tasks is to educate not merely our students but the public, and to educate the public is perhaps the more difficult, and in this, we need all the assistance we can get. The members of the Board, who are thoroughly representative of the public bodies in our district, are the chief agents in this work; but in the honorary examiners they have very valued coadjutors, and we trust that the honorary visitors will render no less help. Last year I had to report a great improvement in the arrangement for physical culture for girls in our day school. This year even greater progress has taken place. The Board was able to secure the services of Mr. Sarelius, who has had not only the advantage of special training in Sweden for the work, but has been for several years in actual practice in his profession. Mr. Sarelius has given two days a week to the girls, each pupil getting not less than two half-hours' instruction. This is admittedly insufficient, but if the exercises are properly followed up great benefit must result. During the third term Mr. Sarelius has also taken a class for boys for, two and a half hours per week, who will themselves be able to give valuable assistance in future in this branch of the work. I hope that in the near future we shall be able to arrange for physical-culture classes in connexion with our evening school also. Games have never before been so systematically carried out, partly no doubt owing to the fact that the exceptionally dry winter caused few interruptions. We have been, however, hampered by lack of room. The part which we are allowed to Use at Lancaster Park is quite inadequate for a school of our size, and during the hockey season we had to supplement this by renting a ground in Sydenham Park. Two teams of girls took part in the Secondary Schools' Hockey Association competitions, and basket-ball was largely played. Hockey was perhaps the most popular winter game with the boys, and the eleven acquitted themselves very creditably in matches, while the Rugby football team and the cricket eleven are certainly the strongest we have ever had. Swimming among the boys is in a very satisfactory condition, mainly owing to the regulation of the School Council which has made this pastime compulsory for boys during the first and third terms; but among the girls I regret to say that it was most disappointing. I hope that by next year means will be adopted to remedy this state of things, for there is no better or healthier exercise than swimming, and now that the city has provided such excellent baths it is more than a pity that so few girls avail themselves of them. The athletic sports were far more successful than in the two previous years, a large majority of the boys and girls entering for the events, and more pleasing still than the numbers was the evidence afforded that many of the

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competitors had gone in for careful training. So keen was the enthusiasm aroused that the Council decided to hold monthly sports, three running events for the boys and three for the girls to take place at each meeting. I am pleased to say that at the athletic meeting held in December our school won the secondary-schools championship. A very pleasing feature of the session lias been the increased activities of the Past and Senior Students' Association founded last year. In addition to the ordinary meetings of the literary and debating society, social evenings, a mock banquet, and even a dance were arranged, and not less than four hockey teams have taken part in the competitions. The association has been greatly hampered b}' the very unsatisfactory character of the only grounds it was able to obtain, but with the laying-down of the playing-fields at Ensor's Road the sports club in connexion with our evening school will enter upon a new era. We shall be able to provide three hockey-grounds for next year, and possibly one football-ground, although the latter is somewhat doubtful, as the grass has not taken very well in some parts of the lower field. For the summer all the cricket-pitches that will be required for some time to come will be available, together with a grass and asphalt tennis-court and a croquet-lawn. We look forward within a few years to having teams worthy to uphold the reputation of the College in each of its branches of sport. I cannot close this reference to the Past and Senior Students' Association without expressing my warm appreciation of the valuable services so cheerfully rendered to the association by the president, the secretaries, and the editor of the magazine, upon whom have devolved multifarious duties of which their fellow-members have little knowledge. It is to their devotion that the association so largely owes its success. My report would be incomplete without reference to the day-school entertainment at the end of the second tei.ni. It was the most ambitious and at the same time the most successful attempt that we have yet made, and the school will have some difficulty in future years in maintaining the standard reached. The first part of the programme comprised the fairy and clown scenes from " A Midsummer Night's Dream," and when it is remembered that all the scenery, dresses, &c, were provided by the school it will be realized what a test it was of our resources and how much we owe to the members of the staff concerned in the production. The second part consisted of dances by the pupils of Mrs. Wallwork and physical display by the pupils of Mr. Sarelius. Towards the end of last year the experiment was tried of providing lunch at the school for the staff and such country pupils as desired it. This was so successful that it was decided to continue, and even to extend it, this year, so that each day lunch has been served to some seventy individuals. Miss Beck and her assistants do this with great economy and despatch, and without any apparent disturbance of the regular work. I need not say that it is most highly appreciated by all who take advantage of it. I may mention in addition a large number of girls are provided each day with tea or cocoa. The most notable event in the school year has been the establishment of a system of government of the pupils by the pupils. In previous years we had a school parliament, which has done very good work, but it was felt that the time was ripe for the extension of the principle, and this has been carried out during the last part of the year. A president, two vice-presidents, and executive officers (the prefects) were elected by the school Assembly, and representatives to the school Council were chosen from each class in the school. The regulation of all matters outside the class-room has been handed over to their care, and I am bound to say that this has been most fruitful in good. The officers have done most useful work, and have been faithful and zealous in the performance of their duties. John H. Howell, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Associated Glasses conducted at the Ghristchurch Technical College. Receipts. £ s. d. i Expenditure. £ s. d. Or. balanoe at beginning of year .. .. 1,163 0 3 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 5,151 4 2 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 1,079 4 0 ; Office and general working-expenses .. 1,103 210 Capitation on account of free places .. 414 16 7 Advertising and printing .. .. 103 11 3 Capitation on account of day Teohnioal Lighting and heating .. .. .. 193 611 School .. .. • • • • 4, 235 19 5 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 53 0 9 Buildings .. .. .. •• 2,000 0 0 Material for olass use .. .. .. 895 4 1 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 170 19 4 Purchases of books and stationery .. 244 16 2 Material .. .. • • ■ • 294 110 Fees and deposit refunds .. .. 56 19 0 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 1,034 1 6 Scholarships .. .. .. .. 96 13 4 Fees .. .. .. •• ■• 964 0 3' Prizes .. .. .. .. 49 19 9 Voluntary contributions .. .. 717 19 2 Buildings and property .. .. .. 4,569 2 8 Sessional charges and deposits .. .. 165 14 5 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 599 5 0 Sales of books and stationery .. .. 330 7 0 Cr. balance at end of year .. .. 36 7 5 Material refunds .. ' .. .. 142 14 6 Salary refunds, Education Board and Canterbury College .. .. .. 310 10 6 Material refunds, Education Board (material, lighting, &c.) .. .. .. 66 13 7 J Prize fund .. .. .. .. 34 3 2 Sundry refunds .. .. .. 28 710 £13,152 13 4 £13,152 13 4 George Scott, Chairman 1 ~, John H. Howell, Secretary) of Mana S er s.

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Extract prom the Report of the Director op the Ashburton Technical School. 'Ilie session commenced in February with a large increase on the entries of the previous year. This large increase has been maintained throughout the year, and should be a source of satisfaction to the Managers and to the community, for on both it reflects great credit. The number of individual students attending technical classes was 402, school classes in woodwork 222, and in cookery 240. The collective roll number of the school, including all classes, was 1,244. While the number of individual students has increased by fifty-two, the roll number has increased by 244. This is due to the fact that the classes have been reorganized under the groupedoourse system, which means that nearly all of the students are now taking an approved course of related subjects. The details of the rolls of the various departments are as follows : Domestic science—Home nursing and first aid (two classes), twenty-eight students; cookery (three classes), eighty-five students; dressmaking (seven classes), 151 students, millinery (three classes), sixty-four students. Commercial —English (three classes), seventy students; arithmetic (two classes), sixty-two students; shorthand (two classes), thirty students; book-keeping (two classes), fifty-three students; typewriting, thirty-one students. Trade classes—Practical mathematics, five students; trade drawing, ten students; carpentry (four classes), fifty-three students; metal-work, ten students; magnetism and electricity, nine students; wool-classing (two classes), students; sheepshearing (two classes), thirty-two students. Art —Coppenvork and wood-carving, four students; painting and designing, eighteen students; teachers' drawing, eight students. In addition, physical culture was taken by seventeen students. All classes have increased with the exception of that for copperwork, which had to be discontinued at the end of the first term. The painting class is still small. The trade classes are still lacking those that should be there, especially apprentices, and still greater effort will be made next year to awaken the interest of employers and open the eyes of the employed to the advantages of these classes. The wool-classing and sheep-shearing classes have both been very successful this year, and if this continues, in the case of sheep-shearing increased accommodation will be necessary. Two students sat for the City and Guilds of London Examination in cookery, and both obtained passes. Three students entered for the shearing competition at the Christchurch Agricultural and Pastoral Show, one of them winning third prize. The special course started at the beginning of the year by the Board has been very successful; it seems to have supplied a real want, enabling, as it does, boys and girls to utilize their free places who would not otherwise do so. A start was made with a girls' hockey club during the year, and a very successful social was held in connexion with the same. I hope next year to report considerable developments in the social side of the school. A comprehensive exhibit was sent to the Auckland Exhibition including work in carpentry, metal-work, drawing, cookery, dressmaking, and millinery. It is regrettable that something should not be done, if not to compel at least to encourage, the continuance of studies after leaving school in the cases of those pupils who have not obtained proficiency certificates entitling them to free places. An eminent writer on education in a recent article said that education should have an essential minimum, which is that girls should become fit for motherhood and mentally and technically fit for managing a household; that the boys should become fit for fatherhood and mentally and technically fit to earn a living in some department of labour. This minimum cannot be given in a system that casts the child adrift at fourteen years. If the children who fail to get proficiency certificates were given the opportunity to pursue their studies by being granted a free place at technical classes at other than day technical schools we should go a long way to securing this " essential minimum." If not a free place to all, then at least to those who secure a competency certificate, for it is from this latter class, which includes the plodder who only requires his chance to continue his education and becomes a valuable national asset, that we largely draw our artisans and agriculturists. It is this class and not the brilliant few that has placed Germany in the forefront as an industrial nation. A large number of children between the ages of fourteen and sixteen are entering upon industry without the specialized training which modern industrialism is constantly making more necessary, and which might influence them in the direction not only of efficiency but of ambition. We must have a connexion between education and industry, and a means of maintaining this connexion after industrial life has begun. This step should be taken, as a Professor of Economics points out, partly in the interests of industry and trade, in order to provide a greater national efficiency in technical processes, and partly on the more direct human ground of preventing the drift of children leaving school into the unskilled occupations which lead afterwards to the problem of the residuum. The plea therefore for free technical training on behalf of all those children not fortunate enough to secure proficiency certificates cannot be too strongly urged. During the year a total of 436 primary-school children attended the Ashburton centre, 198 boys taking woodwork and 238 girls taking cookery and domestic science. They have attended from the following places : Rakaia, Chertsey, Dromore, Fairton, Hinds, Tinwald, Springburn, Alford Forest, Anama, Mt. Somers, Greenstreet, Elgin, and from the Convent. The keenness that the pupils show for this work and the remarkable regularity of attendance must have a good effect upon their general school-work. Next year I am rearranging the time-table so that there will be no attendance during the winter months, and arrangements will also be made to provide the pupils with a hot lunch. There is an urgent necessity for a building at Methven for woodwork and cookery classes. Methven could be made a centre for the following places : Methven, Highbank, Lauriston. Lyndhurst, and Alford Forest. T hope the Board will see its way to put this in hand soon, so that we can, if possible, start these classes during the coming year. I have to thank each and every member of the staff for their very efficient and enthusiastic work, which has enabled the Board to place on record such a very successful year. The tharks of the Board are due to the following contributing bodies —County Council, Borough Council, High

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School Board, Canterbury Sheepowners' Union, Ashburton Agricultural and Pastoral Association, Borough and Hampstead School Committees and private subscribers—who have contributed money and produce. I must personally thank the Board for the whole-hearted manner with which they meet and support my suggestions and thus encourage and help me to carry them through to a successful issue. A. L. Moore, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Associated Classes conducted at the Ashburton Technical School. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on classes .. .. .. 370 2 4 j Dr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 180 3 3 Capitation on account of free places .. 65 7 7 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 796 10 6 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 46 IS 0 Office expenses (including salaries, stationFurniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 27 9 6 cry, &o.) .. .. .. *.. 79 8 10 Material .. .. .. .. 77 8 6 Advertising and printing.. .. .. 31 8 0 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 452 6 7 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 53 17 7 Pees .. .. .. .. 296 3 3 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 22 4 8 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 149 10 6 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 15 4 6 On account of public-school olasses .. 163 18 3 Material for class use .. .. .. 245 0 8 On account of high-school classes.. .. 47 10 0 Caretaker, repairs, carting, &c. .. *.. 64 12 11 Deposits .. .. .. .. 51 3 o', Text-books, stationery, telephone, &c. .. 19 3 7 Sales of material .. .. .. 26 17 8 I Bank charges, &c. .. .. .. 518 3 Receipts—Bazaar, break-up, &c. .. .. 45 16 1 Deposits returned .. .. .. 15 9 6 Sundries .. .. .. .. 215 0 Sundries .. .. .. .. 12 211 Sales of text-books, stationery, &c. .. 514 7 Contracts (new buildings, addition?, &c.) .. 217 1 6 Dr. balance at end of year .. .. 119 18 10 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 190 10 0 £1,948 16 8 £1,948 16 8 H. Davis, Chairman ) „, T A. L. Moore, Secretary } of Mana ß ers - Extract prom the Report of the Director or this Kaiapoi Technical School. During the year classes have been held in tho following subjects—wood-carving, millinery, cookery, woodwork, dresscutting, and wool-classing; and the attendance, though not so good as last year, remains satisfactory. It is with regret that I have to report that insufficient support was given to the proposed classes in art, cookery (adults), book-keeping, English, and arithmetic. The numbers attending the classes were as follows: carving, 13; wool-classing, 26; dresscutting, 58 and 62; millinery, 14 and 16; woodwork, 15 and 18; school classes for cookery, 48, and for woodwork, 48. It is satisfactory to be able to report that the wool-sorting class made a good start this year, and it is certain that during next year, through being commenced earlier, it will be even more successful. Such a class supplies one of the needs of the district. During the past year the scheme for bringing school pupils from outlying districts in to the school has been extended to include Waikuku, Eyreton, and the Court's Island schools. Last year's contributing bodies have again kindly responded this year, the finances of the association thus receiving valuable assistance. The buildings and grounds are in splendid order, and the work has run harmoniously throughout the year. In February last a very creditable display of woodwork and wood-carving done at the school was given at the local horticultural show. Twenty boys also competed in the woodwork section at the recent show held by the Northern Agricultural and Pastoral Association. It is also intended to make a display of technical work before the commencement of next year's classes. Thomas A. Gates, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Olasses conducted by the Kaiapoi Technical Glasses Association. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ a. d. Or balance at beginning of year .. .. 23 310 Salaries of instructors .. .. 142 0 0 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 61 11 6 Office expenses (including salaries, staFurniture, fittings, apparatus .. .. 10 0 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 28 1 3 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 74 7 0 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 4 3 0 Fees .. .. .. .. 53 4 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 7 4-1 Voluntary .pontributions .. .. .. 37 3 0 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 100 On account of public-school classes .. 58 7 (i Material for class use .. .. .. 18 6 5 Sales of material.. .. .. .. al6 0 Instructors' board and lodging .. .. 27 7 8 Refund of fees, &c. .. .. .. 4 3 7 Bank charges .. .. .. .. 012 (i Caretaker, &c. .. .. .. .. 16 11 (5 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 10 0 Cr. balance at end of year .. .. 72 10 2 £318 16 5 £318 16 5 J. H. Blackwbll, Chairman ) ~T Thos. A. Gates, Secretary i of Mana S ers - Extract from the Report of the Director of the Akaroa Technical School. The following classes were held : Cookery—Adult, sixteen students; school, twenty-two students. Woodwork — Adult, seventeen students; school, twenty students Dressmaking, eighteen students. Considerable interest continues to be taken in all the above classes. Great enthusiasm is shown by all the teachers, and solid progress has been made by the pupils. The

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Managers regret that they were again unable to form classes in wool-sorting. Now that there has been an interval of three years they hope to be more successful. An effort was made to have a class in veterinary science. Owing to our distance from a large centre it was found, however, that it would be too expensive to have an instructor from Christchurch. We have to thank the Agricultural Department for sending us an expert in veterinary work. He gave two very interesting and instructive lectures that were very well attended. Alex. Gray, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Associated Glasses conducted at Akaroa by the Banks Peninsula Technical Glasses Association. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d Or. balanoe at beginning of year .. .. 14 116 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 53 0 0 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 16 2 6 Office expenses (including salaries, staSubsidies on voluntary contributions .. 26 6 0 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 0 3 9 Fees .. .. .. .. 16 7 6 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 113 0 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 26 6 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 110 On aooount of publio-school olasses .. 17 10 6 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 8 10 Sales ofjmaterial.. .. .. .. 913 9 Material for class use .. .. .. 20 010 Bank charges, &o. .. .. .. 0 16 8 Cleaning .. .. .. ..1140 Water and drainage .. .. .. 2 10 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 2 4 6 Cr. balance at end of year .. .. 26 3 0 £126 17 9 £126 17 9 John Bruce, Chairman ) ~, Alex. Gray, Secretary (^Managers. Extract from the Report of the Board of Governors of the Rangiora High School. The technical classes controlled by the High School Board are steadily growing in popularity, pupils attending classes from places as far distant as Bennett's and Scargill. Pupils from the primary schools at Fernside, Swannonoa, Loburn, and Southbrook are also attending for instruction in woodwork and cookery. The Director reports that sixty-six primary-school pupils received instruction in woodwork and fifty-five in cookery, and that the teaching at all the classes seems to have been of a satisfactory nature, the syllabus of instruction following approved lines and the instructors being persons of considerable experience. The new syllabus seems to be creating a greater demand for work of this nature, and applications have been received from several more schools. The problem of conveyance is in some cases an obstacle to attendance, and it will evidently not be satisfactorily settled until the Department makes a special grant on the lines of that made for conveyance of children attending public schools. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Glasses conducted at the Rangiora Technical School, by the Rangiora High School Board. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on classes .. .. .. 103 3 9 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 227 15 8 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 95 9 10 Advertising and printing .. .. 10 0 On account of public-school olasses .. 49 0 3 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 22 17 9 Sales of material .. • .. .. 14 18 3 Eent .. .. .. .. .. 17 1 3 Dr. balanoe at end of year .. .. 33 14 9 Material for olass use .. .. .. 21 7 7 Instructors' board and lodging .. .. 6 4 7 £296 6 10 £296 6 10 S. S. Clark, Secretary. Extract from the Report of the Chairman of the Board of Governors of Canterbury College. School of Engineering. —The income in this department exceeded the expenditure by £577, due to the fact that very little was expended on apparatus and upkeep of plant owing to the absence of the Professor in Charge. The account commenced the year with a credit balance of £261 and ended with a credit of £839, which amount has been carried forward, and will be required during the current year for the purchase of apparatus and plant. Students' fees showed an increase of £53 as compared with the previous year, and the Government capitation for technical classes amounted to £431, as against £384 in 1912. Salaries were increased by £64, while the amount expended on apparatus, upkeep of plant, and stores totalled only £88, as compared with £365 during the preceding year. The proposed additions to the buildings used for the School of Engineering having now been completed, greater facilities are given for carrying on the work as arranged for in the four-years course. That these additions have not been made too soon is shown by the fact that the possibility of completing the degree course in a shorter time has attracted a larger number of students than has hitherto been the case, and had the additions not been made it would have been almost impossible to deal with the influx. The Board has spent a large amount of money in providing, from first to last, an engineering school that shall meet the wants of all those in the Dominion who wish to take up engineering as a profession, and this has been recognized by the Government, as a special grant is made each year to help in the upkeep and equipment. Considering the population of the Dominion it seems that, for the present at all events, one such school is sufficient, and that the expense of duplication, such as has been proposed in another portion of the Dominion,

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is, to say the least, unwise. Two such institutions would not only increase the expense per student, but would of necessity interfere with efficiency, it being a well-accepted fact that one large and well-equipped school can more easily and more efficiently deal with the work than two, which of necessity must have smaller staffs and fewer students. It appears to me that if it is necessary on the score of expense to the student that instruction should be given nearer home, the simpler way out of the difficulty is for centres at a distance to offer scholarships which will be of sufficient value to enable the holder to take up residence at a school already established and fully equipped. I am pleased to note that the Public Works Department has appointed several Engineers from the ranks of our graduates, and is also offering special facilities for a two-years course to those of their officers who wish to avail themselves of the opportunity. Since it is necessary for Government Engineers to be corporate members of the Institute of Civil Engineers, the fact that the course at the Canterbury College School of Engineering is one of the few that is recognized by that body is, in this connexion, of considerable value to our students. Only three such schools of engineering outside Great Britain are thus recognized —viz., those of the McGill University, Canada, the University of Sydney, and the University of New Zealand. The numerous appointments held by ex-students of this school bear evidence of the fact that the training given is thorough, and that there is no difficulty in well-qualified men obtaining good positions. School of Art. —This account shows a profit on the year's working of £218. The Government capitation for free places fell from £151 in 1912 to £48, but the capitation for technical classes shows an increase of £273 on that received for the previous year. Fees received from students totalled £470, as against £412 in 1912. The amount paid in salaries was £1,778, an increase of £111 on the total paid in the preceding year. The credit balance at the end of the year was £1,008. In 1912 the Director was able to report that the attendance was higher than in previous years, and it is pleasing to record that the value of the school is fully recognized, as is shown by the fact that a still larger number of students avail themselves of the opportunities offered them. There are only two means by which the public can judge of the class of work that is being carried on in the school—viz., the annual exhibition of work at the close of each year, and the display made at the exhibition in the Art Gallery. At the latter this year a Board room was designed and equipped for the purpose of this display, and this showed very clearly the excellence, both in design and decoration, of the work of the students, while the completed work shown on the walls and in the rooms of the school itself pointed very clearly to the thoroughness of the teaching given, and proved that steady advance is being made in the various departments. The students again competed with the students of the schools of art in Great Britain, and it is a matter of congratulation that they met with a considerable measure of success, one obtaining a National prize, while five others were commended for their drawing and painting from still life. As the conditions of competition have now been so altered that students from outside Great Britain can no longer enter, there will not be the same means of comparing the work done here with that done at Home. In view of this it would be a wise thing if the Government of New Zealand was approached with the idea of arranging for a competitive display of the work done in the various schools in the Dominion, and of giving some distinctive award to the successful ones. At present the only examination held by the Government is that for teachers belonging to the Education Department, and that is only for such drawing as may be required to obtain a primary-school teacher's certificate. Were some such scheme as I have mentioned above adopted it would be a means of enabling those who take up art as a profession to obtain a diploma. This is done in England by some, of the educational bodies, and the diplomas granted have a distinct value. I have in a former report suggested that a travelling scholarship should be granted to a brilliant student, and it appears to me that the time has come when such a scholarship should be established, and this proposal, in conjunction with the one mentioned above, might be submitted to the Education Department, and the Government thus approached with a view of enabling successful students to obtain fuller recognition of their work. For some time it has been felt that more accommodation was required at the school, and as by careful management a balance of £1,000 is available for use in this direction, an effort will be made to build additional rooms for painting and for lectures. If such an effort is successful it must greatly improve the conditions under which the staff and the students can work. Extract from the Report of the Professor in Charge, School of Engineering. The attendance at the school probably reerched low-water mark in this year; the number sitting for examination was also a minimum. Many causes have operated to bring this condition of affairs about. In the case of University students the change in the length of course had a marked effect, many preparing for entry deciding to study for another year before going up for examination. The teaching of engineering at technical schools in other centres has diverted students who would have come here for the associateship courses, and who in some cases have been led to believe that they are undergoing a preparatory course of training for the School of Engineering. It cannot be too widely made known that the training given at these institutions is no more fitted to prepare a student for taking up our engineering courses than it is to prepare him for those leading to the B.A. and B.Sc. degrees: this will be the more evident when it is remembered that a University student has to keep terms for at least one year in B.A. subjects before sitting for the Engineering Entrance Examination. The number of evening students has been much reduced by the competition of the local Technical College, where efficient free instruction is given by old Canterbury College students in many of the engineering subjects taught here. Such duplication of teaching in the same town is to be deplored; indirectly, however, it

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has resulted in partial compensation. The preponderance of youths has been destroyed, and the bulk of our evening students are now grown men, many of whom are in responsible positions, who fully realize the advantages to be obtained and the necessity for steady work. From applications already made it is evident that there will be a large increase in the number of University students in 1914. During the year 136 individual students attended lectures, and the hourattendances per week were 913 (three less than the previous year). Twenty-three matriculated students were studying for University degree or for the associateship of the School of Engineering, and in addition six students were taking their preliminary year in the College. Thirty lectures per week were delivered, and instruction was given for 105 hours per week in drawing, experimental and field work. At the University examinations of 1912 one student sat for and obtained the degree of B.E. (Civil). Four students sat for and passed the first portion of the second Professional Examination. Six students sat for and passed the first Professional Examination. At the Associateship Examinations of 1913 one student passed' the final examination in electrical engineering, and two students passed the final examination in civil engineering, whilst the passes in the other subjects of the associateship course taken at the School of Engineering were—in mechanical drawing, 3 ; mechanical drawing and designing (fourteen days), final, 1; steamengine (elementary), 4; steam-engine (intermediate), 3; applied mechanics, 2; mechanics of machinery, 2; hydraulics and pneumatics, 3; strength of materials (elementary), 6; strength of materials (intermediate), 4; strength of materials (advanced), 4; steam-engine (advanced), 2; surveying (elementary), 3; surveying (advanced), 1; theory of workshop practice, 1; buildingconstruction, 3; principles of civil engineering, 1; electrical engineering (intermediate), 4; electrical engineering (advanced), 1. The Second-} r ear Exhibition was awarded to Mr. I. R. Robinson. The University Engineering Travelling Scholarship was obtained by Mr. W. L. Parker, B.E. (Electrical). Ninety-three certificates were awarded to students who attended lectures and passed examinations in the following subjects: Freehand mechanical drawing; descriptive geometry and settingout work; mechanical drawing, Section I, Section II (mechanical), Section 111 (electrical); steam-engine (elementary); applied mechanics; strength of materials; electrical engineering. During the year the following appointments were obtained by past students : Engineer and Manager, Invercargill Tramway's; Engineer, Public Works Department; Assistant Engineer, Lyttelton Harbour Board; Draughtsman, Lyttelton Harbour Board; Assistant Engineer, Public Works Department; Government Harbour Engineer (Queensland); Assistant Engineer (Government), Nigeria; Assistant Engineer, Public Works Department; Chief Power-house Engineer, Lake Coleridge; Instructor in Engineering, Technical College, Christchurch; Draughtsman, Lyttelton Harbour Board (second appointment); Assistant, Engineer, Public Works Department (Electrical); Assistant Surveyor, Public Works Department; Foreman of Tunnel-works, Lake Coleridge: Instructor in Engineering, Technical College, New Plymouth. It is gratifying to notice that this list shows additions to the large number of old students who are holding important public appointments in the Dominion. During the year tests were made in the engineering laboratories on dumping-bands for the Wellington Harbour Board; cast steel bars and aluminium ttansmission-cable for the Public Works Department; and on bronze, ventilators, stone, bricks, aluminium cable, and pressuregauges for various private individuals and firms. It having become evident that increased accommodation and plant would be required to successfully carry, on the shortened University course, the Board of Governors, on the recommendation of the Professor in Charge, in February, 1912, sanctioned the expenditure of £5,550 on buildings and apparatus. Sketch-plans were prepared, a subsidy was obtained from the Government, and work on the buildings commenced during the past year. Application for recognition of Auckland University College as a College at which the first two years of the University engineering course could be taken was made by the Auckland authorities to the University Senate. Consideration of the matter was postponed to the 1914 meeting of the Senate. It need hardly be pointed out that the population of the Dominion is not sufficient to justify the existence of two Engineering Schools. At Canterbury College some £20,000 have been expended on buildings and plant, whilst the current expenditure is about £5,000 per annum. Up to the present the average total cost to the country of each graduate has been about £800, an amount which decreases with each man turned out. The capacity of the School of Engineering is only very partially utilized; it is capable of dealing with many times the present number of students; and whilst this is the case the establishment of a second school at Auckland would appear to be a pointless waste of public funds. It would be far more economical for the Dominion to provide every Auckland student desirous of taking up engineering with a bursary to cover the cost of transport, living, and education at Canterbury College. The Professor in Charge was granted leave of absence for the session, and whilst in England and on the Continent visited the principal engineering colleges and many large engineering and industrial undertakings. The necessity of such periodical visits was on this occasion, after an absence of ten years, strongly emphasized by the great progress made in engineering during that period. Changes have been so rapid that the technical journals and Press have given little indication of the great alterations in practice, especially in steam-turbine and internal-combustion-engine work, and in the whole routine of workshop practice. What was standard ten years ago is obsolete to-day. For the term of absence of the Professor, Mr. P. H. Powell, Lecturer in Electricity, was appointed Acting Professor in Charge, to whom the writer is much indebted for the efficient and tactful way in which the school was carried on; his thanks are also due to the other members of the staff, all of whom successfully used their best endeavours to secure good results. ■Robt. J. Soott, M.lnst.C.E., M.lnst.Mech.E.. Fellow Am.lnst.E.E,, Professor in Charge.

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Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Or. balance, Ist January, 1913 .. .. 261 510 Salaries .. .. .. .. 2,98116 8 Students' fees .. .. .. .. 598 5 6 General Expenses— Fees for certificate of assooiate .. .. 2 2 0 Insurance .. .. .. .. 42 12 10 Testing fees (share of) .. .. .. 39 0 9 Goal, gas, and electricity .. .. 11l 17 8 Sale of graph-books and slide-rules .. 810 2 Printing and stationery .. .. 50 5 0 Fines.. .. .. .. .. 0 4 0 Advertising .. .. .. .. 23 0 3 Government grants — Laboratory stores .. .. .. 7 5 0 For specialization in engineering .. 2,000 0 0 Apparatus for surveying, &o. .. .. 7 19 10 Capitation for technical classes .. 431 8 9 Experimental-work apparatus— Grant in aid of material .. .. 46 610 Applied mechanics and mechanical enGrant in aid of furniture, fittings and gineering .. .. .. 21 2 8 apparatus .. .. .. .. 106 15 4 Hydraulics .. .. .. 33 9 11 Contributions — Electrical engineering .. .. 7 8 1 From Museum, Library, and Sohool of Stores and chemioals (electrical engineerTeohnical Science Endowment .. 525 0 0 ing) .. .. .. .. 115 0 From superior-education reserves (Col- Upkeep of plant (repairs to machinery) 24 12 2 lege)— Expenses of exhibit at Auckland ExFor general .. .. .. 500 0 0 hibition .. .. .. .. 12 17 9 For exhibitions .. .. .. 60 0 0 Interest .. .. .. .. 6 2 4 For scholarships .. .. .. 90 0 0 Sundries .. .. .. .. 22 4 7 Contributions — Toward expenses of Registrar's office .. 120 0 0 Toward travelling-expenses of members of Board .. .. .. .. 13 6 6 Toward salary of assistant in mathe matios (College) .. .. .. 10 0 0 Rent of building (College) .. .. 162 10 0 Ground rent .. .. .. 20 0 0 Appro priations— Exhibitions .. .. .. .. 60 0 0 Scholarships.. .. .. .. 90 0 0 Cr. balanoe, 31st Deoember, 1913 .. 838 12 11 £4,668 19 2 £4,668 19 2 Geo. G. Mason, Registrar. Extract prom the Report of the Director of the School of Art. The attendance and progress of the students during the year have been very satisfactory. The number of individual students was —First term, 367; second term, 377; third term, 382. The exhibition of students' work was held during December. The exhibits were appreciated by the public, and during the week the exhibition was open a large number visited the school. The Press gave several favourable reports on the advancement of the work of the school. In connexion with the arts and crafts'exhibition at the Art Gallery, the school designed and executed the decorations of a small Board-room suitable for a Chamber of Commerce. The room was designed and the mural and modelled decorations, stained-glass windows, carpet and metal fittings carried out by the various classes in the school. The room formed the chief feature of the exhibition. During the exhibition several classes were held at the Art Gallery, giving the public an excellent opportunity of seeing the practical side of the school's teaching. A special diploma was awarded to the school for its combined exhibit. Instruction was given in drawing and painting from life, still life, antique, and landscape. A special feature was made of figure and landscape composition, book-illustration, and etching. More important work was done during the year in design, particularly in connexion with jewellerywork and enamelling. A number of posters were carried out, and some excellent designs for needlework. The work of the artistic-crafts department comprised jewellery, enamelling, repousse work, wood and stone carving, gesso-work, tooled-leather work, and lead-light work. Classes for these crafts were held in the morning, afternoon, and evening. Considerable progress has been made in the modelling department. Life classes were held on Wednesday mornings, and creditable work was done. Most of the students attending the day classes have attended at least one modelling class weekly. The evening trade classes have again done good work. The attendance in the architecture department has improved. Three special evening classes were held weekly during the year, and very creditable work executed. Good work has again been done by the signpainting class. A number of general students, including architects' pupils, attended during the year. Classes for teachers and pupil-teachers were held on Saturday mornings and Monday evenings for elementary drawing, design, brushwork, and modelling. It was again difficult to accommodate the large numbers of students in the small rooms available for this work. Special classes were also held on Tuesday afternoons for elementary drawing and handwork subjects for Training College students. The Arts and Craft Guild has merged into a Students' Association this year, the principal work of the guild being still carried on by means of monthly meetings, lectures, and criticisms. The formation of a Students' Association has been the means of improving the social side of the school. At the close of the year a wordless play was produced, based upon Kingsley's version of the life of Perseus, the scenery and costumes being carried out by the students. It was most successful, and contained some very excellent pictorial effects, the grouping and colour arrangement reflecting great credit on the students. In connexion with the National Competitions amongst schools of art in Great Britain, this school was successful in obtaining a National prize and five commends for work comprising

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drawing and painting from life and still life. The usual local examination was held at the end of the year. Two scholarships, valued at £25, and eleven scholarships carrying free tuition, were awarded to students of the day and evening classes. Some means of enabling a brilliant student to visit and study in the art centres of the Old World is needed in New Zealand. An effort ought to be made to bring this about. A triennial scholarship, granted by the Education Department, would give a great impetus to the study of art in this country. At the present time there is little to encourage a student to go behind what is possible in the local art schools, and even for those intending taking up art-teaching there is no form of teaching certificate issued by the Education Department. At the present time the certificate of the English Board of Education is not open to colonial students. It is time some New Zealand art-teaching qualification was made possible; there must at the present time be several hundred students in different parts of the Dominion taking up the study of art with the object of becoming teachers. In England the Board of Education and several of the universities grant diplomas to art teachers. Thanks are due to Messrs. J. W. Gibb, Hammond and Co., and Sydney Smith for special prizes, and also to W. H. Montgomery, Esq., for a valuable prize for figure-drawing, and to the executors of the late Mr. William Sey for prizes in connexion with the signwriting class. In conclusion, I have to thank the Board for the support given me in my efforts to further the benefits and growth of the school. R. Herdman-Smith, F.S.A.M., &c, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. dCr. balance, Ist January, 1913 .. .. 790 14 4 Salaries; .. .. .. .. 1,778 0 0 Students' fees .. .. .. .. 469 10 0 Instructing pupils of Boys' High School in Interest .. .. .. .. 30 1 1 j woodwork and drawing .. .. 120 0 0 Government capitation— ! Insurance .. .. .. .. 17 13 3 For free places .. .. .. 47 11 7 Gas .. .. .. .. .. 74 18 10 For technical classes .. .. .. 1,463 1 9 Fuel .. .. .. .. .. 16 4 6 Government grants— i Repairs.. .. .. .. .. 26 2 5 For material .. .. .. .. 66 4 8 Advertising .. .. .. .. 24 15 11 For furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 58 14 9 Printing, stationery, &c. .. .. .. 62 15 0 Contributions— Official postage-stamps .. .. .. 610 0 From Museum, Library, and School of Telephone .. .. .. .. 8 15 0 Technical Science endowment .. 400 00 j Apparatus .. .. .. .. 47 5 9 From North Canterbury Board of Bduca- j Material .. .. .. .. 42 16 3 tion, for instruction in drawing .. 90 0 0 Subsidy to life classes .. .. .. 75 0 0 From Boys' High Sohool, for instruction Books for school library .. .. .. 56 14 5 in drawing and woodwork .. .. 140 0 0 Grant for prizes .. .. .. .. 15 4 7 From students of life classes towards j Expenses of exhibit at Art Gallery .. 22 1 0 cost of model .. .. .. 5 0 0 i Sundries .. .. .. .. 20 7 7 Contribution towards expenses of Registrar's office .. .. .. .. 80 0 0 Contribution towards travelling-expenses of members of Board .. .. .. 7 2 2 Scholarships .. .. .. .. 50 0 0 Cr. balance 31st December, 1913 .. .. 1,008 11 6 £3,560 18 2 £3,560 18 2 Geq. G. Mason, Registrar.

south Canterbury, Extract from the Report of the Education Board. The Board has special reason to feel satisfied with the work done by -the various technical associations in the district and with the development of agricultural instruction at so many of our schools. In South Canterbury, the granary of New Zealand, this is a most important matter, and the Board is desirous of doing all in its power to foster interest in the problem of securing the best results from our lands. Extract from the Report of the Inspector of Schools. The scheme of rural instruction in district high schools has been fully carried out at Teinuka and Pleasant Point, the equipment for the course being in every way complete at Teinuka, and, though not so elaborate at Pleasant Point, being sufficient there also. The scheme has not yet been fully adopted at Waimate. In the school-grounds at Temuka and at Pleasant Point experimental plots have been laid down under the direction of the agricultural instructor, and for special purposes of the rural course the gardens at Temuka are deemed by those most capable of judging to be second to none in the Dominion. Extract from the Report of the Director of Technical Education. As in previous years, the work was carried on by the Board under three distinct heads— (1) Associated classes, (2) special classes, (3) school classes. During the j r ear associated classes have been recognized at Fairlie, Pleasant Point, Temuka, Waimate, and Timaru. At Fairlie classes were conducted in singing, dressmaking, and agriculture. Both of the classes in singing and dressmaking were successful ones, and the farmers in the district benefited greatly by the class in agriculture, which consisted of a course of eleven lectures by different lecturers on subjects connected with farming and stock-raising. At Pleasant Point classes were conducted in dressmaking, ambulance-work, and veterinary science. The

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continuity of the work suffered considerably in this centre owing to a change of Directors. At Temuka classes were conducted in wool-classing, dressmaking, singing, commercial work, and sheep-shearing. All these classes were well attended, and the students were most enthusiastic over the work; in wool-classing especially so. This class is gaining in popularity every year, and no doubt the farmers in the district appreciate the value of the instruction received. It was found impossible to carry on technical classes in cookery at Temuka during the past year, as it is difficult to keep up the supply of students in small places. At Waimate classes were conducted in wool-classing, veterinary science, sheep-shearing, dressmaking, cookery, and carpentry. Two wool-classing classes were ably conducted by Mr. Harte. The demand for the services of students taught by Mr. Harte is quite evidence enough that the instruction is on the right lines. The class in veterinary science was attended by about twenty students, and a good deal of useful practical instruction was given in connexion with the treatment of affected stock. Well-attended classes were also carried on at Morven and Glenavy. The establishment of sheep-shearing classes was quite a new departure, and their complete success warranted the venture. Instruction was given in both machine shearing and blade shearing. The work done was favourably commented on by all who visited the classes. At Timaru classes were conducted in building-construction, wood-carving, millinery, cookery, woodwork, dressmaking, drawing, plumbing, wool-classing, typing, shorthand, Standard VI work, elocution, book-keeping, commercial arithmetic, matriculation-work, electricity, home nursing, ambulance-work, sheepshearing, painting, and commercial English. The domestic and commercial courses of instruction in the above were well attended, but the trades and art courses did not receive the measure of support they should have done. Wool-classing was again a very popular class here, and it is hoped to be able to extend the work still further. To this end an up-to-date wool-classing room has been built containing all necessary appliances and apparatus. All of the technical schools in South Canterbury are in a flourishing condition financially, a fact which justifies their existence, as they depend largely on voluntary contributions and subsidies for their support. Special classes were confined to a class in dressmaking at Winchester and teachers,' classes in drawing and agriculture. The class in agriculture was well attended, and teachers evinced considerable interest in the work, the number on the register being fifty-one. In connexion with this class practical work was taken up in agricultural chemistry. Two classes in drawing were ably conducted by Mr. William Greene; the course of instruction included blackboard drawing, freehand drawing, model-drawing, and drawing with coloured chalks. Tlie instruction given in this class was very much appreciated by the teachers who attended. One hundred and twenty classes for elementary handwork have been carried on during the year at thirty-five different schools. These classes were for the following subjects : Plasticinemodelling, paper-folding, paper-weaving, carton-work, cardboard-modelling, brushwork, freearm drawing, bricklaying, stick-laying, elementary design, chalk drawing, and needle pricking. There is a slight increase in the number of classes taking elementary handwork, and also in the number of schools taking up the work. In the larger schools of the district the courses of instruction taken up were almost identical with those taken up last year. Some of the smaller schools have added to their subjects, and the interest seems to keep up all round, indicating that there has been steady progress. The most popular subjects were paper-folding, carton-work, cardboard-modelling, and plasticine-work. Last year eleven schools with no female teacher received financial assistance from the Department under the Manual and Technical Regulations, which enabled the Board to provide a salary for an outside instructress in needlework. One hundred different classes for advanced handwork, taken at thirty-five different schools, were carried on in this district last year. These subjects were agriculture, woodwork, cookery, swimming, physical measurements, chemistry, botany, agricultural chemistry, dressmaking, physiology, surveying, dairy science, &c. Classes in cookery, domestic economy, and hygiene were conducted at five different centres —Timaru, Temuka, Waimate, Pleasant Point, and Fairlie. The Board was rather unfortunate in losing the services of its two capable instructresses, who had done good service for the Board for a number of years past. Early in the year Miss Stuart and Mrs. Ellis were appointed to take the places of Miss Wilson and Miss Rennie, and these two ladies have ably carried on the work during the year. Ihe new cookery-room at Temuka, specially fitted up for taking laundry-work, gave immense advantage over the old room by way of providing more accommodation and greater conveniences. The room at Waimate has also been considerably enlarged, and no doubt the work for the future will be carried on with a greater degree of comfort to both pupils and instructresses. About four hundred girls attended the cookery classes in the different centres, and without doubt the practical knowledge gained by these girls should be invaluable to them, more especially in these times when there is such a scarcity of domestic help. Woodwork classes were also, as in former years, conducted at five centres, in conjunction with the cookery classes. About four hundred boys attended these classes, and the interest and enthusiasm in the subjects is still maintained; as a means of developing thoroughness of work, mental alertness, and physical fitness, woodwork has no equal, and it is rather unfortunate that such a small percentage of the pupils in the district is able to take advantage of the instruction given in both woodwork and cookery. Wherever possible pupils were conveyed by rail to the different classes, but trains do not always suit, and it is difficult with a limited staff to make arrangements to take all available pupils. Swimming and life-saving as school subjects have again received due attention during the year, and the number of expert swimmers amongst school-children of both sexes is largely on the increase. The annual swimming competition conducted by the Board brought out a good field of competitors, and it was very evident from the exhibition at the sports that both teachers and pupils were taking a very keen interest in the subject. The handsome challenge shield presented by the Board was again won by the Timaru Main School. Agriculture as a school subject was

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taken up at thirty-four different schools, an increase of five for the year, and every inducement was given to make pupils and teachers take an increased interest in the work. No doubt the instruction given will tend to create among the children a great love for rural life and its activities. There is evidence that School Committees and the public generally are taking more interest in the surroundings of the schools. At some schools sums of money are raised annually for the purpose of helping on the school-gardens. Most of the agricultural and horticultural societies in the district do their best to encourage the growth of flowers amongst the children, and one has only to visit the different shows in the district to see evidence of well-kept gardens and a love of nature. Rural courses of instruction have also been taken in connexion with the Temuka and Pleasant Point District High Schools; fifty-six pupils received instruction in the following subjects : Agricultural botany, agricultural chemistry, agricultural zoology, dairying, surveying, dressmaking, cookery, woodwork, chemistry, and physics. Although the capitation allowed by the Department for school classes does not allow of any margin of profit, a glance at the balance-sheet will show that the classes have been self-supporting, as when all claims have been paid over by the Department there will be a credit balance of about .£l5O on the technical account. All schools have been liberally supplied with material and apparatus, and, although there has been no stint, there has been no waste. In conclusion, I have to thank all teachers of manual and technical subjects for their loyal co-operation in carrying on the work during the past year. I have also to state that all claims and applications were met by the Department with promptness and fairness. Richings Grant, Director. Extract from the Report of the Instructor in Agriculture. In briefly reviewing" the work of the past year I would first like to indicate the nature of the course of agricultural instruction being carried on in the schools of South Canterbury. Hitherto the greatest defect has been a lack of system and uniformity, coupled in many instances with lack of knowledge as to the scope and nature of the work suited to the requirements of the scholar in the primary school. I have looked upon the rectification of this defect as my first duty, and have therefore prepared and placed in the hands of teachers a scheme of nature-study and agricultural instruction so graded through the standard classes that there is neither break nor overlapping, that the work of any one standard follows logically upon the work of the previous standard, while being the necessary groundwork for the work of the next standard, and that there be no break on entering the district-high-school syllabus of instruction which takes the pupil up to matriculation standard. I believe no similar scheme has been prepared elsewhere in New Zealand, and certainly no such graded scheme is in operation. That it is both workable and suitable is vouched for by the teachers themselves. I believe it to be in the best interests of the pupil that all teachers should adopt a uniform course, but the scheme in no way interferes with individuality of treatment. A comprehensive garden calendar suited to this district has also been issued, to assist teachers with their garden-work. All schools earning capitation in gardening have been regularly visited for the purpose of supervision and instruction. Five classes per week have regularly been conducted at both Pleasant Point and at Temuka District High Schools in the following subjects : Agriculture (theoretical and practical), agricultural botan}', agricultural chemistry, and dairy science, amounting to about four hundred hours' instruction altogether. Other special subjects of the rural course are agricultural zoology, physics, pure botany, surveying, and woodwork, taken by the school staff and by the woodwork instructor. Pupils have been prepared in agriculture and in dairy science for both Civil Service and Matriculation, and it is satisfactory to note that all were successful in these subjects. The work at Temuka has been of a very high order, and a special word of praise is due both to Mr. McLeod and Mr. Connell for their enthusiastic co-operation. The experimental plots (occupying threequarters of an acre) have possibly no rival in the district high schools of the Dominion. On my application the Agricultural Department decided to co-operate with us in some of our experiments, and have this year supplied all seed for an extensive series of variety trials. During the winter months a course of eighteen lectures in agriculture was given to a class for teachers, many of whom were desirous of taking the subject for their Class D or Class C examination, while a course of elementary agriculture chemistry was provided to assist such to qualify for the practical certificate. At the Winchester Agricultural and Pastoral Show, and at Pleasant Point, exhibits illustrating the nature of our experimental work at the high schools were staged, and attracted considerable attention. Several lectures on seasonable topics were delivered at meetings of farmers, while a considerable amount of correspondence with farmers and teachers relative to agriculture was undertaken. A commencement has been made with a scheme of garden-building. Formerly many gardens existed only during half of the year owing to a total lack of perennial plants and shrubs. I have attempted to get teachers to make use of the gardens to beautify the grounds rather than edge the garden in a corner, and to adopt a policy of snrub-planting for a year or two. Ihe real purpose of the garden is, however, to supply the material for nature-study, and to teach elementary notions of tillage and of garden practice, and this on the basis of actual observation. An appeal to observe Arbor Day in a truly practical manner was heartily responded to by the majority of the schools, many of the local Committeemen lending valuable assistance and showing a sympathetic interest in this work. Part of "my time has been devoted to the preparation of coloured charts and of material for teaching purposes, and to collecting and mounting collections of weeds, blights, &c. The camera supplied by the Board is destined to be of considerable value, especially in preparing lantern-plates and micro-photographs. Lastly, I wish to acknowledge the courtesy and harmonious co-operation of teachers, Inspectors, and office staff, and to thank the Board for its fairness and ready assistance at all times.

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Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Glasses conducted at Timaru and Winchester, by the South Canterbury Education Board. Receipts. £ s. d Expenditure. £ s. d. Gr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 338 17 9 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 79 7 0 Capitation on special classes, Winchester .. 5 7 0! Office expenses (including salaries, stationPees .. .. .. .. .. 500; cry, &c.) .. .. .. .. 13 10 7 Advertising and printing.. .. .. 0 17 0 Lighting and heating .. .. . ■ 2 11 11 Material for class use .. .. .. 21 16 0 Janitration .. .. .. .. 211 0 Refund fees .. .. .. ' .. 511 6 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 22 11 i Or. balance at end of year .. .. 200 8 5 £349 i 9 £349 4 9 J. A. Valentine, Secretary. Extract from the Report op the Managers of the Timaru Technical School. With the close of the present year the school celebrates the thirteenth year of its existence, and the Managers have again to report a very successful year's operations. The school started work for the year on the 10th March, and continued till about the middle of October. Altogether 438 individual students joined the school during the year, and the following list gives the number entered for each class: Building-construction, 17; wood-carving, 8; millinery, 19; cookery, 66; woodwork, 45; dressmaking, 47; drawing, 14; plumbing, 22; wool-classing, 25; typing, 70; shorthand (junior), 47; shorthand (senior), 31; Standard VI, 12; elocution, 21; book-keeping, 72; commercial arithmetic (junior), 41; commercial arithmetic (senior), 51; matriculation-work, 9; electricity, 6; home nursing, 16; ambulance-work, 29; sheep-shear-ing, 11; painting, 20; commercial English (junior), 41; commercial English (senior), 45. The entries show a good increase on last year's figures, and compare very favourably with the attendances in other towns of the Dominion. One hundred and seven free students attended the school during the year —sixty-six junior and forty-one senior. When it is taken into consideration that most of these students are at work during the day, and that taking up a free place means attendance at the school on two three, or four evenings during the week, it is a splendid sign that so many students do take up free places voluntarily. There are so man}' influences nowadays to distract young people's attention from attendance at technical and continuation classes —local picture-shows and other distractions. Compulsory military training also considerably interferes with the attendance of the male students. On the whole the attendance of the free students was exceptionally good; very few failed to make the number of attendances required by the Act. During the year the Managers met ten times and attended to every detail in connexion with the school. Visiting committees were appointed each month, and official visits were paid to different classes whilst at work. The Technical Inspector, Mr. E. C. Isaac, paid a visit of inspection to the school on the 18th August, but, as lie was engaged on exhibition business, he did not have an opportunity of seeing all the different classes at work ; however, he expressed himself as satisfied with what he had seen. At the close of the session examinations were held in the different subjects and certificates were granted to deserving students. No examination was held in plumbing on account of the fact that the Plumbers' Registration Board now examines all plumbers who wish to qualify for licenses; a number of our students sat for this examination. Nine students sat for the Standard VI examination; four gained proficiency certificates, and three gained competency certificates. In the City and Guilds of London Institute Examination held last May Mr. Duncan Menzies gained a pass in Grade II plumbing, and Miss Dora King gained a first-class certificate in dressmaking. Twenty candidates sat for the Senior Free Place Examination, and they were all granted Senior Free Places by the Department. As the South Canterbury Art Society had arranged to hold an exhibition of pictures in the school, it was found impracticable to have an exhibition of work done by the students, as has been done in past years. The art exhibition opened on Tuesday, the 14th October, and closed on the 30th October. The exhibition produced a great display of pictures from some of the best artists in New Zealand; it was well patronized by the public, the different rooms being crowded every night and during the afternoons. The exhibition must have had a very beneficial effect, first, in educating the public of Timaru in matters connected with art, and, secondly, in advertising the school. In response to an application sent to the Department on the Bth July, 1912, asking for increased accommodation in the way of providing a room for teaching wool-classing, a sum of £250 was granted on the 18th June, 1913. For this amount an up-to-date wool-room has been erected on the west side of the present building. The room is complete with all necessary appliances and apparatus, and it should prove of great benefit in carrying on classes of such importance to the community. The room has been specially lighted with the idea of carrying on classes during the daytime, and it is hoped to be able to inaugurate such classes during the incoming session for the benefit of farmers' sons and others. As in previous years, definite courses of instruction have been carried out involving attendance at classes in related subjects on one, two, or three evenings per week. The courses carried out were a domestic course, a trades course, a commercial course, and an arts course. The domestic course, consisting of English, arithmetic, dressmaking, millinery, cookery, and domestic economy, was well attended, and there can be no question as to the value of the practical instruc-

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tion given in this course; as a preparation for the home life of our girls its utility cannot be overestimated. The commercial course, consisting of English, arithmetic, book-keeping, typewriting, shorthand, and commercial correspondence, was exceptionally well attended, and the reason is not far to seek : the instruction given is all in the hands of experienced teachers, and the courses of instruction are specially arranged to benefit those looking for employment or those who are already in employment. Employers of labour also in this line are always ready to take the recommendation of instructors when making appointments. The trades ar.d arts courses were not so well attended as might have been expected. It is very difficult to understand why apprentices are not willing to take advantage of capable instruction in such subjects as building-construction, carpentry, joinery, &c. An attempt was made to form a modelling class, as it was thought it would be a great benefit t<; plasterers and others in this line, but the class was but poorly attended. Many students took up unrelated subjects as they could not find the time to devote themselves to a course of study. Plumbing in theory and practice has always been a good class at this school, and last year was no exception. The success of the class depends upon the fact that the Managers have always been able to secure the services of competent instructors. Woolclassing was again an excellent class, and without doubt the popularity of this class is entirely due to the enthusiasm of the instructor and the scope of his instruction. Besides dealing with the commercial aspect of the question he gives instruction in the structure of fibre, effects of climate, feeding, and soil, on the production of wool, and the adaptation of flocks to different localities. Farmers are not slow to take advantage of this course of instruction. An innovation into the curriculum of the year's work was the introduction of a sheep-shearing class. This class was started mainly at the instigation of the Farmers' Union, and by the courtesy of the Christchurch Meat Company the Managers were enabled to make use of the company's sheds at Smithfield. It was anticipated that there would be some difficulty in securing a constant supply of sheep for the students, but this difficulty was overcome by the farmers in the vicinity freely offering their sheep. The class was not a large one, but it was a very successful one so far as it went, and the experience gained will no doubt prove beneficial in carrying on the work in the future. The classing, pressing, and baling of the wool was all done by the students attending the class. A glance at the balance-sheet will show that the funds of the school are in a sound healthy condition. To bring about this result the Managers have to practice strict economy with regard to all expenditure, as the school has no endowments, but has to depend on its own resources for its existence. It is pleasing to note the large amount collected in fees, thus demonstrating the fact that students are ready to pay for the instruction given. When everything is taken into consideration the year's work must be considered highly satisfactory. The number on the roll increases year by year; the attendance during the past year was all that could be desired. The examiners report that the different classes did good work, and the diligence and general behaviour of the students were quite exemplary, not a single case of insubordination having to be reported. As long as this spirit exists among the students there can be no doubt about the future success of the school as a whole. The thanks of the association are due to all who in any way contributed to the success of the school during the year, to local bodies and citizens who gave liberally to the funds, to the Press who always loyally support the school and are ever ready to help on the cause of technical education in the town. A special word of thanks is due to the teachers for the very able manner in which they carried out their onerous duties. The whole success of the school depends on the staff, and Tiniaru has been well favoured in this respect in past years. The Managers also desire to acknowledge with thanks the prompt attention of the central Department to all claims and applications made during the year. Gilbert Dalglish, Chairman. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Glasses conducted at the Timwru Technical School. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Or. balanoe at beginning of year .. .. 127 10 6 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 744 17 10 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 333 18 0 Office expenses (including salaries, staCapitation on acoount of free places .. 158 19 0 tionery, &o.) .. .. 24 19 4 Buildings .. • • • ■ • • 250 0 0 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 30 9 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus.. .. 52 2 5 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 44 6 2 Material .. •• •• .. 60 4 6 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 718 2 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 143 8 6 Examinations, &c. .. .. .. 8 5 0 p ees ~ .. .. .. .. 318 13 8 Material for olass use .. .. .. 50 1 8 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 115 14 9 Cartage, &o. .. .. .. .. 2 13 6 Sales of material.. .. .. .. 9 8 4 Refund of fees .. .. .. .. 15 0 Sundry refunds .. .. .. .. 10 10 3 Water rates .. .. .. .. 110 0 Interest 2 17 3 Buildings 235 16 3 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 53 10 7 Arohitect .. .. .. 12 13 9 Drainage .. .. .. .. 3 0 0 Cr. balanoe at end of year.. .. .. 362 0 11 £1,583 7 2 £1,583 7 2 Gilbebt Dalglish, Chairman) , M Etchings Geant, Secretary fOl mana g er^

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Extract from the Report op the Managers of the Temuka Technical School. The Board of Managers consisted of thirteen members as against ten for the previous year— namely, Messrs. M. McLeod (Chairman) and C. J. Bilton, representing the subscribers; J. W. Joynt and J. Bambridge, the Temuka Road Baord; A. Frew and H. Bell, the Temuka Borough Council; G. Thomson and D. Mclnnes, the South Canterbury Education Board; W. F. Evans, the Temuka Caledonian Society; T. Gunnion, the Temuka Bicycle Club; F. Sanders, the Temuka District High School Committee; M. H. McLeod, the Temuka branch.of the Farmers' Union; and Mr. G. Cartwright, the Temuka and Geraldine Agricultural and Pastoral Association. The usual monthly meetings were held, and the members attended well, paid close attention to the working of the school, and took a great interest in the pupils. The staff worked enthusiastically. The new instructor in commercial subjects, Mr. A. C. Buist, made satisfactory progress with his students, and Miss Jeannie Anderson, who had a large class in singing and voice-production, spared no pains to bring her pupils up to a good standard. The other members of the staff have been with us for years, and we have again to express our very best thanks to them as well as to Miss Anderson and Mr. Buist for their continued enthusiasm. At the instance of the Farmers' Union a sheep-shearing class was formed under Mr. John Collins, who proved himself a very capable and painstaking instructor. Mr. Samuel McCully very kindly supplied a shed and some requisites free of cost, gave the class of sheep suitable for learners, and provided food. The Managers desire to express their gratitude to both Mr. and Mrs. McCulh - for the trouble they took to help the class along, for it must be remembered that the shearing took longer than it would have done with experienced shearers. It is hoped next year to pay the students half-rates for the sheep they shear after, say, the first week. Although there were only seven classes this year and fewer students —a fact chiefly due to military training—yet they were more industrious, while their work was better and their attendance more regular than on any previous year. Since our last report the cookery-room has been completed, and is a great acquisition to the school. We have again to point to the generosity of Mr. John Mclnnes, Winchester, in the matter of supplying several bales of wool for the wool-classers free of charge; and we would also express our sincere thanks for the continued interest taken by those who supplied stud fleeces and by Mr. H. Bell, one of our Managers. A suitable wool-case has been erected for the safe keeping of the stud fleeces presented. At the end of the term Miss Anderson's class gave a concert. During the evening the certificates were presented by His Worship the Mayor, Colonel Hayhurst. Those present showed considerable interest in the proceedings, and expressed their pleasure at the work shown. We have much pleasure in drawing attention to the continued interest that our townspeople take in the classes, and this is proved by the substantial donations that are received not only from local bodies but from private individuals. The fees, too, are satisfactory, and the Managers wish to thank all for their liberal support. It will be seen from the balance-sheet that the association is in debt to the amount of £18 10s. Bd., which is due to the fact that at the 31st December no Government grants for the year 1913 had been received. When these are received the association will be found to be in about the same position as it was last year. M. McLeod, Chairman )» t> , ~, J. T. Smart, Director fof Board of Mana gers. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Associated Glasses conducted at the Temuka Technical School. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Or. balanoe at beginning of year .. .. 44 4 3 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 141 4 6 Capitation on olasses .. .. .. 81 14 8 Office expenses (including salaries, staBuildings .. .. .. .. 350 0 0 tionery, &o.) .. .. .. 66 17 6 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 52 12 10 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 5 6 3 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 104 7 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 11 2 3 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 51 11 4 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 3 18 Sundry refunds .. .. .. 16 3 4 Material for class use .. .. .. 21 17 2 Sale of windmill .. .. .. 10 0 0 Bank charges, &c. .. .. .. 0 11 0 Dr. balance at end of year .. .. 18 10 8 Caretaker .. .. .. 27 10 0 Buildings .. .. .. .. 391 10 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. .. 19 2 0 Architeot .. .. .. .. 36 1 9 Grant to School Committee as part share of improving school-grounds .. .. 5 0 0 £729 4 '1 £729 4 1 M. McLeod, Chairman ) r -. T J. T. Smart, Secretary | of Mana S ers - Extract from the Report of the Direotob of the Waimate Technical School. Without a doubt the past session has been the most successful in the history of the association. The farmers of the district have now become thoroughly convinced of the great value of the work being done, and are giving the institution their whole-hearted support. The attendance at the classes has been remarkably good, and the enthusiasm shown by both pupils and teachers alike has been most gratifying. Thirty-nine students received instruction in wool-classing, the attendance being excellent. These facts speak volumes for the ability and enthusiasm of the instructor, Mr. H. F. Harte. There has been a very great demand on the part of sheepowners for the services of the students of this class as wool-classers in the various sheep-shearing sheds.

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The roll of the class in veterinary science was twenty, many of the students coming long distances in order to attend. The instructer, Mr. Patterson, M.R.C.V.S., dealt with his subject in the most practical way, illustrating his lectures by examples from the actual animal. The students were encouraged to bring in affected stock, and there was never lacking an ample supply of material to work upon. The establishment of classes for sheep-shearing was quite a new departure for the association, but their complete success fully warranted the venture, instruction was given both in machine and in blade shearing, there being seventeen students in the former class and fifteen in the latter. The association is much indebted to Mr. B. C. Studholme for the loan of his sheep-shearing sheds. During the three weeks in which the classes were carried on, 3,700 sheep were shorn, and all the owners expressed their great satisfaction with the students' work. Classes in dressmaking were carried on at Waimate, Morven, and Glenavy, Miss Coe being the instructress at each place. The total number of students enrolled-was seventy-three. The classes proved most useful and popular, and were greatly appreciated by the country students, who formed the largest proportion. Fifteen students attended the class for cookery, and the work done was most satisfactory. Improvements are now being made to the cookery-room, and it is hoped that there will be a considerable addition to the roll next year. Only nine students attended the carpentry class. The attendance on the whole was not satisfactory, the class still failing to attract the right class of student. Reviewing the whole year's work, the Managers have cause to be gratified at the results. The classes liave now passed beyond the experimental stage, and their future success is assured. G. Pitoaithlt, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Glasses conducted at the Waimate Technical School. Receipts, £ s. d. , Expenditure. £ s. d. Or. balance at beginning of year .. .. 40 0 9 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 243 14 0 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 60 12 6 Office expenses (including salaries, etaMaterial.. .. .. .. .. 11 16 6 I tionery, &c.) .. .. .. 32 3 9 Fees .. .. .. .. *. 146 18 6 j Advertising and printing .. .. .. 14 17 0 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 75 15 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 10 12 11 Sundries .. .. .. .. 3 0 0 Bent .. .. .. .. .. 2 13 1 Sales of material .. .. .. 38 14 4 Material for class use .. .. .. 31 2 1 Dr. balance at end of year.. .. .. 412 8 Expenses—Shearing classes .. .. 46 7 5 £381 10 3 £381 10 3 Benest Hassall, Chairman ).-.»• W. H. Beckett, Secretaryf of Mana g ers - Extract from the Report of Director or the Fairlib Technical School. The year's work began in March. Mr. C. J. Talbot was elected Chairman, and Mr. R. B. Clarke was appointed Director. During the year classes have been conducted in dressmaking, singing, and agriculture. The pupils for dressmaking increased so much in number that the class had, during the second quarter, to be divided into two. Miss M. Smith, who conducted the classes, gave great satisfaction to her pupils. The singing class conducted by Miss Anderson was very well atetnded, the average attendance being twenty-four. The agricultural course consisted of a series of eleven lectures covering a variety of subjects. The actual attendance was much better than that shown by the register of attendance. The association is indebted to the various lecturers who gave lectures during this course. Educationally the agricultural course was a great success, but we regret that the attendance was not much larger. The attempts made to form cookery and shearing classes were unsuccessful, owing to the lack of prospective pupils. The total receipts for the year were £133 4s. 3d., and the expenditure £90 19s. 2d., leaving a credit balance of £42 ss. Id. R. B. Clarke, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Glasses conducted at the Fairlie Technical School. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Cr. balance at beginning of year .. 21 4 1 Salaries of instructors .. .. 55 17 0 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 37 4 3 Office expenses (including salaries, staFurniture, fittings, apparatus .. .. 15 0 tionery, &c.) and telephone .. 19 0 3 Material .. .. .. .. 410 8 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 0 6 0 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 18 19 6 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 2 0 0 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 34 2 6 Material for class use .. .. .. 1 11 3 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 13 12 0 Auditor .. .. .. .. ..068 Interest .. .. .. .. ..263 Janitration .. .. .. ..7180 Instructor's board .. .. .. ..400 Cr, balance at end of year .. .. 42 5 1 £133 4 3 £133 4 3 Charles J. Talbot, Chairman) , -.„ E. B. Clarke, Secretary f of Mana g ers -

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ExTHACT FROM THE REPORT OF THE MANAGERS 01' THE PIISASANT POINT TECHNICAL SCHOOL. During the year clases in ambulance-work, veterinary science, and dressmaking have been conducted. All the classes were well attended and good work was done. Thanks are due to the instructors for their untiring efforts. Next season it is hoped that classes in sheep-shearing, singing, and other important subjects may be inaugurated. The various local bodies have as usual lent financial assistance to the association, but little has been done in this direction by private subscribers. J. Maze, Chairman ) » ~, t « l< x ot Managers. J. Methven, Secretary ) & Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Glasses conducted at the Pleasant Point Technical School. Receipts, £ s. d. Expenditure, £ s. d. Cr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 52 12 1 Salaries of instructors .. .. ..27156 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 15 13 9 Office expenses (including salaries, staSubsidies on voluntary contributions .. 717 6 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. 11 8 9 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 25 15 0 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 14 0 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 7 10 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 017 4 On acoount of public-sohool classes .. 6 7 6 Material for class use .. .. .. 0 9 4 Bent .. .. .. .. .. 026 Caretaker .. .. .. .. 6 18 0 Bank charges, &c. .. .. .. 0 16 8 Cr. balance at end of year .. .. 65 19 9 £115 9 4 £115 9 4 J. Maze, Chairman ) t~, T ,- ' c ol Managers. Jas. Mbthven, Secretary) OTAGO. Extract fbom the Report of the Kducation Board. Instruction in elementary handwork (paper-work, brushwork, cardboard and plasticine modelling, &c.) continues to be imparted in nearly all the schools in this district, though capitation was earned last year by only eighty-six schools. Cookery and woodwork instruction was given to the pupils of forty-four schools, the average attendance at the former being 1,064 girls and at the latter 1,155 boys. Elementary-agriculture classes were carried on at 150 schools, the average attendance" being 2,068. The full rural course, embracing cookery, dressmaking, physics, chemistry, botany, physiology, woodwork, mensuration and surveying, and practical agriculture, was provided at the district high schools at Balclutha, Tokomairiro, Mosgiel, Lawrence, and Tapanui, and partial courses at Palmerston and Alexandra. The total number of students receiving instruction through the medium of the Dunedin School of Art was 804, including 140 day students. 323 evening students, 123 training-college students, 72 pupil-teachers and probationers, 103 adult teachers, and 43 day students of the Dunedin Technical School. During the year an extensive addition to the accommodation of the school was provided. The old two-storied building at one time used as a Model School and gymnasium in connexion with the Normal School (now the Moray Place School) was altered and equipped for the purposes of the arts and crafts section of the school at a cost of i>965 2s. Bd. Technical classes were also held as follows: Wool-classing—Papakaio, Kurow, Tokarahi, Windsor, Maheno, Palmerston, Maungatua, Berwick, Tapanui, Waitahuna, Lawrence, and Hillend; woodwork, dressmaking, typewriting, and agriculture, at Tapanui; woodwork and dressmaking, at Lawrence. The total expenditure on manual and technical instruction was —Salaries, material, &c, for school classes, £4,120 19s. Id.; for special classes, £1,364 9s. 9d.; buildings, furniture and fittings, school classes, £1,875 18s. 10d.; special classes, £965 2s. Bd. : total, £8,326 10s. 4d.— a decrease of £3,121 17s. sd. as compared with the previous year. Extract from the Report of the Inspectors of Schools. In six of our district high schools the rural course is in full operation. The woodwork and cookery rooms and the science laboratories are fully equipped, and ample ground for present experimental needs has been provided. The visiting instructors have carried out their duties with energy and enthusiasm, and the permanent staffs have maintained keen interest in the future prospects of their pupils. Of the instruction, we have to report that the science subjects have been very well treated, and, so far as our observation goes, we are of opinion that it is this side of the course that makes the strongest appeal to the pupils. Mathematical work is being well kept up, and, although it is possible that less ground is covered in pure mathematics than was formerly the case, there has been a decided gain in the practical mathematics. Woodwork and cookery have been enthusiastically taken up by the pupils, though in the latter subject we feel that greater attention must be paid to the scientific principles underlying the various processes than they have so far received. With girls in the primary schools we are of opinion that practice is more important than theory; but with high-school pupils who are receiving good training in physics and chemistry the application of scientific principles to cookery can be insisted upon with benefit. With regard to the syllabus of instruction laid down for the rural course we have to say that in our opinion it is too heavy and too inelastic. Too many subjects are included, at the cost of thoroughness. The educational principle that few subjects thoroughly treated will give better educational training than many subjects treated superficially has, we fear, been overlooked by the

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compilers of this course. In all our district high schools there are pupils preparing for the vanous public examinations, and the imposition on these of the rural course is a very serious matter. The successful oarrying-out of the course depends largely on the amount of capitation that can be earned under the regulations, and the tendency is to regard the course as a capitation-earning scheme rather than as an educational scheme. To us it is evident that at no distant date some radical alteration in this respect will have to be made. Meanwhile, we think that in such public Departments as those of Lands, Agriculture, Irrigation, Forestry, Dairy, and Stock, preference 01 employment should be given to pupils who have taken a course of instruction in schools where the rural course has been carried on. This would tend in some measure to place such candidates on an equality with those who, by taking fewer subjects in secondary schools, can make a better appearance in written examinations. Extract from the Hepobt of the Director of the School of Art. The staff afforded instruction to 140 day students, 323 evening students, 123 students in training, 72 pupil-teachers and probationers, 103 adult teachers, and 43 day students of the Duuedin Technical School. The senior day students have taken a keen interest in the varied programme of work arranged for them. There has been a steady improvement in the quality of their drawing, light and shade, and painting, both in oil and water colours. The lack of incentive in the way of examination m the less popular but very necessary branches of their training, especially in model-drawing, geometrical drawing, and perspective, has greatly interfered with attendance and thoroughness in these subjects. The altered scheme of the English Board of Education has thrown the machinery for the encouragement and systematic development of junior students somewhat out of gear, and there is a decided necessity for the substitution of a system of single-subject examinations by the Dominion authorities. An endeavour has been made in every case to provide a suitable course of related subjects for each student, having regard to individual requirements, temperament, and aspirations. It is pleasing to note a growing tendency on the part of architects to allow their pupils facilities for attendance at the day classes in such subjects as water-colour painting, &c. Although the attendance of the senior day students has been excellent and their successes at the competitions of the various art societies throughout the Dominion most gratifying, the number of whole-course junior students coming forward is not nearly so large as the population of Dunedin should warrant. Parents, especially of the more leisured classes, might well take into consideration the elevating influence of art upon the characters of young people and the desirability of providing intellectual and pleasurable employment for the spare time of our future citizens. Apart from the refining influences of pure art, with the establishment of our art-crafts department, opportunity is provided for the acquisition of so many entrancing hobbies directly bearing upon the beauty of the home, that the refusal to take advantage of the provision is unthinkable. When the community awakes to the direct value of the art-craft training at their disposal, there will be more sons, and daughters at work to make the home beautiful and, in consequence, more home life. In May the art-crafts department of the school was opened in the presence of a large number of distinguished citizens and prominent educationists. The extensive alterations to the two-story building formerly used as class-rooms and gymnasium by the Normal Training College have converted it into a suitable series of studios, well arranged and handsomely appointed. The daylight arrangements are excellent, and for artificial light .as well as power electricity has beer, employed throughout. The entrance from Moray Place and the internal planning reflect great credit upon Mr. Rodger, the Board's architect. A most complete equipment for art metal-work, enamelling, art jewellery, repousse wood and stone carving, modelling, casting, &c, has been provided, making the large studio one of the best and most convenient in the Dominion. The school was fortunate in securing the services of a brilliant young craftsman, Mr. Nelson Isaac, whose all-round training in art combined with his special knowledge and talent in modelling and the art crafts renders the prospects of the successful development of this department most hopeful. The fact that ninety-three students availed themselves of the opportunity to acquire some knowledge of the art crafts is ample justification for the institution of this department. The most popular crafts were metal-work, enamelling, and art jewellery. There will be a still greater increase in the public interest taken in the two latter subjects when it is realized how inexpensive the work really is. The small amount of material used makes enamelling and art jewellery much cheaper hobbies than photography. A dark room has been arranged to a design furnished by Mr. Blair Mason, E.C., Engineer to the Otago Harbour Board, and an enthusiastic and scientific photographer. It is hoped to be able to arrange classes in this subject from the practical, artistic, and scientific side during the winter of 1914. As soon as funds permit another of the'studios will be equipped for art bookbinding, for the successful teaching of which Otago has a special opportunity in the presence of Miss Joachim, whom studies in England and Germany have thoroughly acquainted with the subject from the art aspect. It is intended to use the remaining room as an animal-studio. The provision of facilities for the study of these practical crafts has enriched the opportunities for the inculcation of the principles of design, and considerably widened the useful aspect of the subjects to jewellers, furniture-designers, wood and stone carvers, architects, &c. The requirements of students of the Otago School of Mines have been met, and attention has been given to the preparation of candidates for the drawing examinations of the New Zealand University and Education Department. Classes have been held for the training of pupil-teachers and probationers in the drawing requirements of the new syllabus. Classes in free drawing, instrumental drawing, and blackboard illustration have been provided for the students of the Training College. An attempt to vitalize this portion of the work has been made, through the courtesy of Professor Benham, by making direct studies of animals, birds, &c, in the museum, and by increasing the number of memory exercises from such studies. Plant-form studies, and designs

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based upon them, also formed part of the coarse, whilst a very rigid insistence upon the correct use of instruments raised the standard of work done in geometrical drawing to a very creditable degree of neatness and precision. On Saturday from 9.00 a.m. to 1 p.m. provision was made for teachers residing outside Dunedin. Pupil-teachers, probationers, and uncertificated teachers were prepared for the drawing subjects of the new D syllabus. Certificated teachers had every opportunity given to them to obtain a thorough acquaintance with drawing and handwork in all the branches required for their school-work. A special series of lectures and demonstration*, with individual practice, was provided on " Animal drawing and illustration on the blackboard," and was followed with interest. Wood-carving, clay and plasticine modelling, stencilling, design, perspective, brush drawing and colour-work were also subjects of instruction. The standard of work presented in the examinations in drawing and design for the proficiency certificate of the elementary schools again showed an all-round improvement. This year the competition in design was especially keen, some excellent work being presented, and two medals were presented by myself for the best examples in this section during the test. These medals, however, are presented to individuals, and your Director is of opinion that a challenge shield, to be held during the year by the school earning the best average of marks for drawing and design at the Proficiency Examination, would be an excellent incentive and afford a rairer criterion of successful teaching. Under that impression a prominent art amateur was approached, and I am pleased to be able to report that, with the approval of the Board, a challenge shield will be available for competition in 1914. The attendance at the evening classes increased very considerably during 1913, and courses of drawing suitable to the various requirements of groups of students were arranged. Freehand, geometry, model-drawing, perspective, light and shade, drawing from the antique, drawing from life, plant-form, design, painting, modelling, and the art crafts were the principal subjects of instruction. To encourage these students and with a view to more effective instruction they were given the opportunity of attending either Wednesday afternoon or Saturday afternoon classes in painting without further fee, but the offer was not much availed of. The work of students in the life class was very enthusiastic, and was stimulated by the addition to their ranks of one or two well-known artists whose presence in the class had an excellent effect. For trade students classes were provided in freehand, instrumental drawing, mechanical drawing, machine-construction, building-construction, architectural drawing, architecture, perspective, drawing and design for cabinetmakers, decorative painters, and ticket-writers. To break down barriers between the students, to build up a spirit of enthusiasm for the institution, and to encourage private study, an arts and crafts club was formed under the management of an executive elected by the students, and presided over by your Director. Very successful competitions were held in art and crafts subjects, some excellent lectures were delivered by eminent experts, and papers were read by members of the club. The club is building up a spirit of comradeship among the students and developing their instincts for the social amenities. In place of the usual school picnic a fancy-dress parade was held in April. The function was a pronounced success. The development of the social aspect of the school is one of the most gratifying features of the year's progress, and the students fully appreciate the kindness of the Board in granting them facilities for holding their meetings and functions. The annual exhibition of students' work was again held in conjunction with the autumn exhibition of the Otago Art Society, and earned warm commendation from the Press and expressions of approval from the public. A very varied collection of studies, paintings, drawings and designs, including craftwork and casts from modelled studies, was forwarded in November to the Auckland Exhibition. No official awards have so far been declared in this connexion, but from numerous congratulatory letters received it would appear that the exhibit has created interest and earned some distinction for the Dunedin School of Art. In students' competitions within the Dominion, Dunedin succeeded in gaining creditable results. At the New Zealand Academy we gained first place in drawing the head from life, and first place in painting from life. The Otago Art Society awarded us first place in landscape, first place in drawing from life, and first place in painting from life. Thanks are due to the Board for the very generous spirit in which they have allowed the extensive improvements effected in the buildings and internal arrangements during the year. When the new entrance and hall come into being the attraction of the school should be further materially improved, the present first effect being decidedly dingy. My thanks are also tendered to the staff for their loyal attention to duty and the keen interest they have taken in any suggestions for increasing the effectiveness of the school-work. R. Haworidgb, Director. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Classes conducted at Dunedin and certain Country Centres by the Otago Education Board. Receipts. £ 8. d. Expenditure. £ a. d. Capitation on olasses .. .. .. 145 1 6 Dr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 2,141 3 1 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 17 18 0 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 960 10 0 Material .. .. .. .. 28 0 0 Office expenses (including salaries, staFees .. .. .. .. .. 720 6 9 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 20 16 8 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 42 011 Advertising and printing.. .. .. 106 1 4 Sales of material .. .. .. 53 0 3 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 73 5 1 Transfer Dr. balance " Instruction Material for class use .. .. .. 105 2 6 of Teachers" now under " Train- Cleaning, &c. .. .. .. .. 98 14 2 ing College".. .. .. 37 0 9 Buildings .. .. .. .. 672 17 4 Less transfer part Cr. balance Furniture, fittings, and apparatus .. 292 5 4 "Wool-classing" due to Balolutha Teohnioal Classes Association ..276 34 13 3 Dr. balanoe at end of year .. .. 3,429 14 10 £4,470 15 6 £4,470 15 G S. M. Park, Secretary.

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Extract from the Report of the Managers of the Dunedin Technical School. The Board of Management for the year consisted of twenty-one Managers, elected as follows : Ihree members —Messrs. G. C. Israel, Parker McKinlay, M.A., and C. R. D. Richardson, B.A. — representing the Otago Education Board; seven members —Messrs. A. Burt, T. W. Kempthorne, G. M. Thomson, M.P., J. H. Wilkinson, W. A. Scott, C. W. Chamberlain, and Dr. Colquhoun— the Technical Classes Association; four members—Messrs. W. Burnett, Thomas Scott, R. S. Menzies, and Alfred Washer —the Dunedin City Council; Mr. S. Solomon, the Mornington Borough Council; Mr. H L. Christie, the Taieri County Council; Mr. J. Lillie, the Maori Hill Borough Council; Mr. James A. Plazlett, the Pharmaceutical Association; Mr. Jesse Haymes, the labour unions; Mr. John Harris, the St. Kilda Borough Council; Mr. Walter Gow, the Hardware Association. Mr. Thomas Scott was again re-elected Chairman, and Mr. G. C. Israel hon. treasurer. The institution now consists of practically two separate departments — a day Technical School, employing a staff of fifteen full-time instructors, and associated classes, providing courses of instruction for students engaged either part or full time during the day. The majority of the associated classes are therefore held in the evening, and the instructors in connexion therewith are for the most part employed on only two or three evenings a week. The enrolment of pupils for the day school was 218, and for the associated classes 1,055, making a total of 1,273 individual students who joined classes during the year 1913. This number is a record in the history of the school. The erection of the King Edward Technical College, of which the foundation-stone was laid on the 20th March, 1913, by the Hon. W. F. Massey, Prime Minister, has proceeded rapidly, and the building will evidently be completed in six or seven months less than the contract time. The progress made with the building and the amicable manner in which the architect, the works inspector, and the contractor have co-operated has rendered the work of the Building Committee pleasant as well as satisfactory. Mr. McLellan, the energetic contractor, besides expediting operations, has shown himself most anxious to make the building a substantial and complete one. With this end in view he has in several instances granted concessions and made additions at his own expense. At the end of 1912 the Managers, when signing the contract for the new College, deleted the items for electric lighting, heating, and finishing of corridors, thus reducing the Board's direct liability at that time to £26,421, the limit of the sum then in sight. As the erection of the building proceeded, however, it was found necessary to reinstate the items and authorize the completion of the College. But no provision has so far been made to meet the increased liability, and it is now necessary for the Managers to make an effort to collect £4,000, the amount which, with the Government subsidy, is still required to cover all expenses, including architect's fee and cost of supervision. ' The contractor having handed over the workshops, the machinery has been transferred from the present premises, and is now being placed in position under the direction of the Board's staff. A substantial grant in aid of the purchase of machinery, appliances, benches, &c, has been agreed to by the Education Department, and the Managers are now in a position to thoroughly equip the workshops. The Managers desire to here note and acknowledge the courtesy with which the officials of the Education Department have considered and discussed matters in connexion with the building, fittings, and appliances. The Managers are still in the happy position of being able to say that their applications have always been granted by the Government, and they regard this as a tribute to the moderate and reasonable nature of their demands. To the many honorary examiners, who devote considerable time and attention to the examination of the work and written papers of students, your Board again tenders hearty thanks. The members of the staff are also deserving of commendation for the earnest and painstaking manner in which they have discharged their duties. We recognize that the progress and success of the school is due in no small manner to the loyalty and enthusiasm of our teachers. EXTBACT FBOM THE REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR OF THE DUNEDIN TECHNICAL SCHOOL. The school has had another successful year. The total enrolment of individual students was 1,273, an increase of forty on the corresponding number for 1912. In the day Technical School the courses are arranged to suit the requirements of young people seeking instruction having a direct practical bearing upon the trade or calling they purpose entering upon when they leave school. Ihe courses for which provision was made and the attendance thereat in 1913 were as follows: Domestic science—First-year girls, 34; second- and third-year girls, 10. Industrial course —First-year boys, 31 ; second- and third-year boys, 10. Commercial course —First-year pupils, 15 boys, 54 girls; second-year pupils, 3 boys, 42 girls; third- and fourth-year pupils, 18 girls. Art course —1 girl. A comparison of these figures with those given for the previous year shows that the domestic course and the industrial course are growing in favour at the same rate. Notwithstanding the disabilities under which the training in domestic science is given in the day Technical School, it is evident that good work is being done. Experts and authorities agree that our practical methods are on correct lines, while the appreciative reference frequently made by parents to this branch of our work is based upon the observation of the results, and may therefore be regarded as most satisfactory evidence of the utilitarian value of the course. It is now, I believe, generally recognized that a girl's education is not completed until she has undergone a course of practical instruction in household affairs, and on this account it is satisfactory to observe indications that on the opening of the new College the domestic-science department will be largely attended. The industrial course, designed to give a general training in mathematics, science, drawing, and handwork in wood and iron, is year by year attracting an increased number of boys. That this course is beneficial from an educational and practical

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point of view is justified by the work of the students, both in the school and afterwards at the shops. Farm-blacksmithing and milk-testing were added to the course as supplementary subjects for lads intending to follow agricultural pursuits, and The experiment proves that there is a demand for this class of work. An effort is now being , made to extend the scope of the agricultural branch by the inclusion of elementary book-keeping and wool-classing,, and before the end of the year arrangements may be made for a sheep-shearing class. The commercial course continues to attract a large number of pupils. So many are the openings offering that it is unusual for the boys to attend for two years—the minimum time required to complete the course. The majority of the girls continue the full period, and before leaving the school reach a higher state of proficiency in commercial work. The demand, however, for well-trained girls is still greater than the supply, and I note with satisfaction the positions occupied in commercial houses throughout the city by ex-students of the commercial department of the day Technical School The evening classes were attended by 1,055 individual students, classified as follows: Junior Free Place holders, 209; Senior Free Place holders, 125; other than free-place holders, 721. One of the outstanding features in connexion with the evening classes is the strong support accorded the mechanical-engineering and domestic departments. Many of the students taking one of these courses attend the school on four evenings a week, but those who have for two years fulfilled the requirements of the day Technical School are in a position to satisfy the regulations by attending two or, at most, three evenings a week. This, taken in conjunction with the fact that nowadays boys and girls are expected to have undergone special preliminary training before going to work is, in my opinion, a strong argument in favour of these young people takingadvantage of the day Technical School on the completion of their primary-school course. A good foundation for a trade or for commercial life is laid; their services are of more value when they enter as apprentices, cadets, or beginners, while they can continue their studies without the strain that is imposed upon those who proceed to work immediately upon passing through the standards of the public school. The trade classes, especially those for carpentry and plumbing, continue to be well supported. These classes are confined to carpenters and plumbers respectively, and provision is made for all grades, from the apprentice to the journeyman. The new workshops offer increased facilities for instruction in these two branches. A special department has also been provided for cabinetmakers, and a grant has been obtained for a complete outfit of tools, benches, machinery, <fco. Further, it has been arranged to take drawing and designing in connexion with the practical work in cabinetmaking. Taking account of these facts, I anticipate that the strictly trade section of the class will show considerable extension. The division for amateurs, known as the woodwork class, has always been popular, and last year the class had to be duplicated. I wish to call attention to the fact that several of the best working members of the class were ladies, and that their exhibits attracted special attention at the display at the conclusion of the session. During the year 1913 two grades of classes in sanitary science were formed, and proved a great success. Practically all the students of these classes sat at the examination for certificates issued by the Royal Sanitary Institute. That the average age of the students of this class exceeded thirty years is mentioned in order to give me an opportunity of stating publicly that where a sufficient number of adults desire it they are taught in separate classes from the junior and younger students of the evening classes. As in previous years, special dressmaking, needlework, and cookery classes were held for the purpose of preparing candidates for the City and Guilds of London examinations in these subjects. Six of the students gained first-class and eight second-class certificates for proficiency in one or other of these subjects. The special classes for the training of nurses in invalid cookery were well attended, thirty nurses from public institutions being in regular attendance. The ordinary classes for cookery, dressmaking, and needlework were also well attended. It may therefore be taken for granted that, despite the disabilities under which the work has been carried on, the domestic department is doing good work. The success of this department justifies the complete and elaborate arrangements made for it in the new College. Angus Marshall, Director Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December. 1913, in respect of Classes conducted by the Dunedin Technical Classes Association. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ a. d. Or. balance at beginning of year .. .. 658 7 5 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 3,443 8 6 Capitation on classes .. .. ■■ 3,931 5 9 Office expenses (including salaries, staBuildings .. •• •• •• 6,666 13 4 tionery, &o.) .. .. .. 332 12 5 Material •• •• •• .. 228 4 8 Advertising and printing.. .. .. 113 19 10 Subsidies on voluntary contributions ..3,102 5 2" Lighting and heating .. .. .. 119 12 9 ji ees _ _ .. .. .. .. 769 6 0 Insurance and repairs .. .. .. 108 13 6 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 2,155 3 8 Rent .. .. .. .. .. 12 6 0 Sales of material .. .. • • 101 9 0 Material for olass use .. .. .. 392 17 7 Callander Scholarships .. .. .. 75 0 0 Janitor.. .. .. .. .. 105 0 0 Fixed deposits matured .. .. .. 3,000 0 0 Water rates .. .. .. .. 21 10 0 Interest on fixed deposits .. .. 105 0 0 Callander Scholarships .. .. .. 75 0 0 Refunds 112 2 Buildings 17,433 11 4 Bank overdraft .. .. .• •• 1,500 14 7 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus.. .. 91 7 7 Unpresented cheque .. .. .. 7 4 1 Law-costs .. .. .. 99 0 Expenses in connexion with exhibits .. 4 8 0 Sports fund .. .. .. .. 7 8 0 Library fund .. .. .. .. 11 2 0 Refunds .. .. .. .. 18 6 7 Interest, on overdraft .. .. .. 112 9 . £22,302 5 10 £22,302 5 10 Thos. Scott, Chairman | ~, Angus Mabshall, Secretary! of Mana g ers <

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EXTRACT FROM THE REPORT OF THE MANAGERS OF THE O.AMAJRU TECHNICAL SCHOOL. Ihe Managers have to report an uneventful year and a c , ratifying increase in the number attending the classes, 182 individual enrolments having been registered, with the attendance well maintained. The majority of those attending the classes took keen interest in their work, and made satisfactory progress. It is satisfactory to be able to report that the prospects for the ensuing session are encouraging from the outlying districts. The thanks of the Managers are due to the public bodies who have contributed to the funds of the association, and to the Press for publicity. Statement of Receipts and Expenditvre for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Glasses conducted at the Oamaru Technical School. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. dCr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 62 10 5 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 176 15 0 Capitation on olasses .. .. .. 66 16 4 Ofnoe expenses (including salaries, sta Capitation on account of free places .. 28 16 0 tionery, &c.) .. .. .. .. 100 3 0 Material .. .. .. .. 115 6 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 812 0 Subsidies on voluntary contributions .. 66 1 0 Lighting and heating .. .. .. 6 7 6 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 126 16 8 Insurance and repairs .. .. . ■ 7 7 9 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 60 15 6 I Bent .. .. .. .. .. 100 Material for class use .. .. .. 3 5 7 i Gleaning .. .. .. 18 13 8 : Rates .. .. . .. .. 480 Bank charges .. .. .. .. 010 0 Refund of fees .. .. .. .. 10 0 I Petty cash .. .. .. .. 2 0 0 ! Auditor .. .. .... .. 0 13 4 i Cash in hand .. .. .. .. 0 10 0 Cr. balanoe at end of year.. .. .. 82 10 2 £413 11 0 £413 11 0 Fred. S. Aldred, Chairman i , „ A. A. McKinnon, Secretary i ° Extract from the Report of the Managers of the Balclutha Technical Classes Association. The strenuous efforts made by the Board of Managers to induce the young people of the town to take advantage of the opportunity for instruction afforded by the evening classes met with very moderate success. The number of students enrolled was, however, sufficient to justify the holding of two classes, one for shorthand and one for typewriting, the number of pupils being seven and eight respectively. These classes were held in the new and commodious classrooms in the Technical School, and had the good fortune to be under the control of an excellent and painstaking teacher in the person of Miss Owen. The attendance throughout the session was very good, and the spirit of work and keenness of the pupils were all that could be desired. At the end of the course it was the general desire to continue for an additional term, but this, owing to the lateness of the season, was impracticable. Next session it is hoped not only to extend the course of lessons, but also to award merit certificates to those acquiring a satisfactory speed and accuracy. Although the classes were small in number of students, they were very successful, and as a result the Managers confidently expect that in 1914 the numbers taking shorthand and typewriting will show a large increase, and that classes in other subjects will be established. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Classes conducted by the Balclutha Technical Classes Association. Receipts. £ s. d. ; Expenditure.. £ s. d" Cr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 89 0 0 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 31 1 0 Capitation on classes .. .. .. 12 19 3 Office expenses (including salaries, stationSubsidies on voluntary contributions .. 35 11 6 cry, &c.) .. .. .. .. 016 8 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 17 3 0 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 21 2 li Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 33 4 6 Lighting and heating .. . . .. 2 10 Sales of material.. .. .. .. 0 11 0 Material for class use .. .. .. 1 19 4 Fees refunded .. .. .. . . 0 15 0 Buildings .. .. .. .. 17 10 0 Furniture, fittings, and apparatus . . ~ (i(i 4 7 Cγ. balance at end of year .. .. 46 19 2 £188 9 3 £188 9 3 D. T. Fleming, Chairman ) , M Wμ. W. Turner, Secretary I ot fflana g ers - Extract from the Report of the Managers of the Milton Technical Classes Association. Classes in dressmaking (sixteen students), oarpentry (eleven students), book-keeping (twentyone students), painting (twelve students), typewriting (twelve students), shorthand (seven students), and cookery (six students) were held. The number of individual pupils enrolled was fifty-three, with eighty-three class entries, a decrease of twenty-three individual pupils and sixteen class entries as compared with the previous year. With the exception of the classes for cookery and dressmaking all the classes have shown an increase in the number of students in attendance. The attendance throughout the session was satisfactory. During the year a circular-saw bench, with fretwork attachment, and a wood-turning lathe were installed for the use of the carpentry class. Thanks are due to the School Committee for again placing at the disposal of the association the class-rooms and workshop.

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Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Classes conducted by the Milton Technical Glasses Association. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Cr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 86 13 5 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 55 10 0 Capitation on associated classes .. .. 23 12 7 Office expenses (including salaries, stationSubsidies on voluntary contributions .. 42 7 6 cry, &o.) .. .. .. .. 16 12 6 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 62 10 0 Advertising and printing .. .. .. 9 9 6 Voluntary contributions .. .. .. 515 0 I Lighting and heating .. .. .. 410 9 Sale of text-books .. .. .. 018 OJRent .. .. .. .. .. 010 0 ! Instructors' expenses .. .. .. 713 0 I Bank charges &c. .. .. .. 15 4 i Text-books .. .. .. .. 2 7-1 Caretaker, cleaning, &c. .. .. .. 9 0 0 Donation to School Committee .. .. 5 0 0. Sundries .. .. .. .. 11 9 Typewriters .. .. .. . ~ 47 10 11 Cr. balance at end of year ~ .. 61 5 5 £221 16 6 '■ '. £221 16 6 n J. E.. Laing, Secretary of Managers. Extract from the Report of the Professor in Charge, Home-science Department, University of Otaqo. A great many things have happened in regard to the home-science department during the current year; most, I am glad to say, matters for congratulation. The first and the most important is the fact that the Government has guaranteed the permanent continuance of the course. It has, we are told, "justified its existence," and it has already been shown (by the number of students who have come forward to take it up) that there is a need for it. Personally, I am of opinion that the next few years will prove in a still more emphatic manner both that there is an increasing demand for the course and also that it has met a real need. My reason for holding this opinion is as follows : Our first two students have just completed the three-years degree course (the degree of Bachelor of Science in Home Science has just been conferred on them), and likewise our first three diploma students, and it rests with them (and with those who will follow in the next few years) to prove that it is desirable for women to take up this kind of education, and that it would be an even better thing to have it introduced into girls' schools all over the Dominion. These first students have already secured good and important posts, although they have just completed the course. Miss Gladys Cameron, M.Sc. (and shortly to become B.Sc. in Home Science), has been appointed domestic-science teacher at the Wellington Girls' College (salary, £200). Miss Helen Cameron, B.Sc. in Home Science, is to help with the work of the home-science department as assistant lecturer and demonstrator, and will take classes both at the Training College and also with the home-science diploma students. Miss Annie Stevenson, B.Sc. in Home Science, has been appointed teacher of domestic science at " lona," the new Girls' College at Havelock North (salary, £150, with board and residence). Miss Gladys Holford, our first diploma student, is now teacher of cookery under the Wanganui Education Board, and.has already commenced her duties (salary, £130, rising to £150, with travelling-expenses and extra payment for evening classes). Miss Isabel Watt, our second diploma student, is continuing some higher work during next winter session, and wishes to gain experience in teaching; so (following my advice) she has accepted a smaller piece of work in Dunedin in order to carry out her plans for the future. Other students will soon follow. Two more will, I hope, have completed the diploma course at the end of the summer session. Two other important posts have offered themselves during the current year, but we had no one yet ready to fill them. One was an application for a degree student to teach in the Presbyterian Ladies' College, East Melbourne; the other an application for an organizing instructress and inspector of householdmanagement schools and classes for Western Australia (salary, £260, rising to £300 by annual increments). But our work is still in its infancy, and the latter position naturally requires some one of ripe experience and older in years than any of our students can yet be. This year a large number of fresh students are again coming forward, so that our department will shortly be larger than ever. Last winter we started work with nine degree students, seventeen diploma students, and twenty-one taking single subjects or group-courses of work, making a total on the roll of forty-seven students. A matter for considerable regret, however, is the fact that the Government cannot, from lack of funds, yet build us a large kitchen and laundry for teaching purposes (much less an hostel) or give us permanent quarters at the University. So long as we have no kitchen and no rooms of our own in which to teach the practical side of our subjects we shall be seriously handicapped in our work, and shall always be open to the criticism which has been continually hurled at our heads for the last three years —namely, that we are " not laying sufficient stress on the practical side of our work, and that we are not showing the advantages of a scientific education in the domestic arts." I am greatly disappointed that the longed-for day when we shall be equipped with an adequate kitchen and laundry seems yet as distant as ever. But as we shall very shortly have outgrown our quarters at the University, provision will have to be made in that respect at no very distant date. Meanwhile I hope the Council will give mo permission to approach the Board of Management of the Technical School to ascertain if it would be possible to work in conjunction with them, as far as the domestic arts are concerned. Winifred L. Boys-Smith.

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SOUTHLAND. Extract frcto the Report op the Education Board. The manual and technical classes have been administered with considerable success by Mr. W. A. McCaw as Director from their small beginnings till they have grown to form one of the largest and most complex of the Board's departments. To the management and organization of these classes Mr. McCaw has devoted much thought and many years of hard work, and to him is due in a large measure the credit of establishing the school classes (particularly those in woodwork, cookery, and agriculture), the teachers' training classes, the numerous evening classes, and, lastly, the day Technical School. The substantial buildings in which many of these classes are conducted in lnvercargill are a monument to Mr. McCaw's industry, skill, and enthusiasm. The Board felt, however, that it was too much to require one man to supervise the numerous branches of manual and technical teaching and at the same time to manage the building and architectural department, and it was therefore reluctantly decided to relieve Mr. McCaw of the directorship of technical instruction. The financial and clerical part, and much of the general supervision of the work, was handed over to the new Secretary and his staff, the Technical College was placed under Dr. Hansen as Principal, and the school and teachers' classes were placed more under the direct control of the Inspectors. The Board decided that in the interests of technical education it was advisable that the direct control of the day school and the evening classes should be taken over by a separate Board of Management, and to this end the local bodies, agricultural societies, Employers' federation, and others were approached by representatives of this Board. The result has been encouraging, a majority of those approached having agreed to contribute to the funds of the Technical College, and a Board of Managers, thoroughly representative of the community, will shortly be appointed and assume control of the Technical College. Extract from the Export of the Inspectors of Schools. In one form or other hand-and-eye work may be said to be universal throughout the schools of the district. The public, which cannot be expected to have more than a superficial knowledge of modern educational theory and practice, coutents itself with a little good-humoured banter on such subjects as brushwork and plasticine. Woodwork and cookery, however, meet with more solid opposition since the teaching of these subjects means attendance at a manual centre. To allay feelings of doubt as to the efiScacy of this training and its effect on the other branches of school-work, a timely pamphlet was issued during the year for the enlightenment of parents and others interested. Opportunities were also given on various afternoons during the term for inspection of the classes at work. In these ways an attempt was made to dissipate the clouds of suspicion and misapprehension through which many at present view manual training. During the year evening continuation classes were held at one centre only out of Inveruargill —Greeniiilis. This, it must be confessed, is a disappointing fact. There must be throughout the country districts many youths whose education in the ordinary elementary course has been, through various circumstances, incomplete or defective. In addition to these one would fain hope there must be many more whose ambition is not satisfied by a pass in the Sixth Standard, who aspire, by additional intellectual effort, to make preparation for rising above their fellow-men. Yet there is hardly any evidence of the existence of such a class. It may be that to many young people the advantages to be gained from pursuing their education to a further point have not been as yet clearly enough or insistently enough demonstrated. Doubtless, too, the disinclination of teachers to increase their already arduous tasks by assuming charge of evening classes accounts in some measure for the apathy that prevails. At any rate, the question is too important to be dropped without serious consideration. If only a tithe of the time which is devoted to outdoor sports could be spared for self-improvement our country, as a whole, would reap incalculable benefit. The best safeguard for democracy is education in its fullest interpretation. Extract from the .Report of the Instructor in Agriculture.. Elementary agriculture is now taught at ninety-six schools, and visits have been paid to all except two. Twenty new schools were added this year, and at most of these time was spent giving instruction and assisting pupils with tfie initial work of preparing the garden. As nursery-work the propagation of fruit and ornamental trees by grafting, budding, and layering, &c, forms a special feature of our agricultural course, lessons on the subject having been given in every school. The subject is taught in a thoroughly practical manner :an outfit of tools—grafting and budding knives, pruners, &c. —sufficient to equip our largest classes is carried round; every pupil is taught to make a graft or insert a bud, and the actual work is carried out on stocks grown in the school-garden. Grafts of varieties suited to each particular district, also newer varieties to test from the Government experimental orchard at Arataki, have been posted out, and I am pleased to note that at nearly every school successful grafting has been ■accomplished. I am also particularly pleased to see this work successfully done by quite a number of our lady teachers. I regret to have to report that at several schools the trees have been destroyed by rabbits, mainly through the teachers neglecting to get the gates made rabbitproof. At a number of our schools the turnip and potato variety test was very satisfactorily carried out, and valuable information has been gained. This year six varieties are being tested,

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and as the same are under test in our College plot some definite results should be obtained. Latterly, at schools in which the teacher has now a knowledge of the garden-work itself, I have been giving lessons on the source, composition, and use of artificial manures. Copies of different firms' analyses are supplied to each of the pupils. They are taught to read these and also to calculate the value of the manure as based on the unit prices. This instruction will in time be of great value to the farming community, as not one in fifty at present buys his manure on its actual plant-food content as indicated in the analysis. Seeds of the leading varieties of grasses and clovers have been sent out. These, when grown, supply useful material for nature-study lessons. Lectures have been given for School Committees in twelve different centres, and upwards of £60 has thus been raised for school-garden purposes. The fact, however, that the valuable nature of the teaching given in connexion with the school-garden has thus been sheeted home to the parents in these districts is, to my mind, of much the greater importance Hundreds of grafts, bulbs, and bulblets, representing considerable money value, have been sent out from our College nursery, and in another season we shall be self-supporting as far as the equipment of schools with fruit-tree and rose stocks is concerned. Extract from the lleport of the Principal of the Southland Technical College. Bay Technical School. —Although the enrolment in the school in 1912, the first year of its operations, exceeded the most sanguine expectations, it is pleasing to record that the roll number was well maintained in the year just ended. The numbers during the two years were 144 and 163 respectively. The number of new students in attendance last year was 101. The 163 students, with the exception of two, entered during the first term, and were taking classes as follows: Commercial, sixty-seven girls, forty-four boys; trades, twenty-six boys; domestic science, sixteen girls; agricultural, ten boys. The enrolments for the commercial course in 1913 were fewer than in 1912, but as forty-seven boys and girls returned for a second year's instruction in this course, the number of commercial students was larger. The total numbers in the other classes were identical in 1912 and 1913. Free places were held by 141 students on the following qualifications: Junior Free Places, 130; Education Board Scholarships, 1; Senior Free Places, 10. As a result of the school examinations held in December Senior Free Places were awarded to thirteen students; twenty-eight qualified in this way in December, 1913. The value to the community of an educational institution where the results of the year's work are not to be gauged by examination successes may be estimated only approximately in its early years, but signs are not wanting that already there is distinct appreciation of the work done in the College, this being shown mainly in the demand for boys and girls who have taken one of the courses. Of the seventeen boys who entered for a second year in the commercial course, only seven remained at the termination of the session. One firm alone took three of our students into its employ during the year. But it is not only in offices that our students find ready employment, for a number of boys have obtained good openings in the wood- and metal-working trades. At the same time it seems necessary to impress upon parents the desirability of enrolling their children for a definite minimum period of study. In too many instances during the past session fiist-year students have been withdrawn to enter into employment a few mouths after enrolment, just at the time when they were beginning to benefit irom then , course ot work. The minimum period for which they should attend is one year; no kind of secondary training can be of real benefit if it occupies less time. The teaching staff was retained last session as it was in .1912, except that at the commencement of the second term Miss L. McKie was appointed to assist in commercial work, and Mr. J. Page to take the place of Mr. I. Galloway as instructor in physical culture. Further appointments of Mr. A. J. Newman as engineering instructor, and of Miss H. I. Gunn as domesticscience instructor, were made subsequently, to take effect at the commencement of 1914. The appointment of an engineering instructor was rendered necessary by the completion of the workshop, whilst the new teacher of domestic science is required to undertake the instruction previously given in millinery and . dressmaking in the day school, evening classes, and teachers' training classes by four different instructors. Due importance is attached in the school to the value of organized games as a means of promoting both physical development and characterbuilding, and a distinct improvement in the physique and bearing of the students is noticeable after twelve months as the result of their training in the gymnasium, on the drill-grounds, and on the playing-fields. At the same time I am pleased to record that they have taken creditable places in local athletic competitions, and that the Cadet Corps is thoroughly efficient. The activities of the school are manifold, and it would appear that the general education provided in it is a fairly full one, as opportunities are given for the training of the mathematical and scientific faculties, and of the hand and eye as far as manual skill and appreciation of form and colour are concerned, whilst an honest effort is being made to cultivate an appreciation of English literature. At the same time we lack an opportunity of developing the musical faculties of our students, and it is hoped that in the near future this want may be remedied by the introduction of class singing among the girls. Evening Classes. —These classes were placed under my control just after the session commenced, and in almost all respects they were conducted on the lines adopted in previous years.

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As an Increasing number of day-school teachers wove utilized as instructors in the evening classes, some trouble was experienced in arranging for them the necessary holidays. This trouble was, however, comparatively unimportant, for much is to be gained by a close co-ordination of the work done in the day school and evening classes, especially since many of the students attending the latter have already taken a course in the day school. The number of individual students in attendance during the year was 300, who were enrolled us follows: Senior free students, 8; junior free [students, 46; paying students, 246. The total number of enrolments in the various classes was 556, which is well up to the average for the past four years. The number of students taking commercial, domestic-science, and art classes was satisfactory, and an unusually large number enrolled for sanitary-science classes, including plumbing practice, principles of plumbing and drainlaying. The decision of the Inveroargill master plumbers to pay the fees of all apprentices attending the plumbing classes regularly throughout the session is a gratifying endorsement of the value of these classes. Kecent legislation on sanitary plumbing may be expected to do much towards putting the trade on a satisfactory footing, for the reason that it makes attendance at technical classes compulsory for the apprentice who wishes to become fully qualified. Considering that attendance at evening classes causes no small strain upon the bodilystrength of many young apprentices, who are already compelled to devote one evening weekly and occasional half-holidays to military drill, it seems natural that the next concession will have to be made by the employers in the direction of permitting apprentices to attend some of their classes during working-hours. In this matter New Zealand is not abreast of other progressive countries, where it is now proved that time thus spent results in a gain not only to the students and to the community as a whole, but directly to the employers themselves. The apathy of the woodworking trades towards technical schools, mentioned in the Report on Manual and Technical Instruction in New Zealand for the year 1912, is as noticeable in Invercargill as elsewhere, and last year it was not found possible to form classes for either architectural drawing or building-construction. The above-named report suggests that many apprentices are deluded into the idea that a course by correspondence is as satisfactory as one in which the student comes in personal contact with the teacher, but it is also likely that many of the apprentices trust to learning " all that is necessary " during working-hours. With the rajjid development of day technical schools this latter delusion should soon be dispelled. An instructor was employed last year to deliver a course of lectures on wool-classing in Invercargill and in country centres, and the results obtained by his students in classing clips during the season were satisfactory. Instruction has been given in this subject during three consecutive years, and it is noteworthy that in that time the condition of the wool forwarded from the shearing-sheds, more particularly those on small stations, has undergone a great improvement. The comments on the condition of the wool sent forward for the sales are now largely favourable, but this was by no means the case only thiee or four years ago. During rhe three years the number of students in Southland who enrolled for the course in wool-clas?ing was 421, and there can be no doubt that the instruction given has been of considerable pecuniary advantage to sheep-farmers in the province. In the annual examination held at the conclusion of the session twelve junior free students attending the evening classes qualified for Senior Free Places. No students were prepared for the City and Guilds of London or for the South Kensington Examinations. In the plumbing classes two students passed the whole examination, qualifying them for registration. xls in past years, the art classes were the only adult classes held during the day. The number of students was well up to the average, and the display of their work was a feature of the annual technical exhibition. During the year three of our students received diplomas from the Canterbury Society of Arts, as follows : First class for perspective drawing, second class for black and white, third class for black and white. In open competition one of the students also provided the winning design for the medal which is to be presented t<s, the prize-winners of the annual competitions of the New Zealand Institute of Architects. A material addition to the College has been made during the past year by the erection of a two-story building for workshops and new lavatories. The ground floor is being fitted up as an engineering workshop, with smithy and tool-room attached. II is proposed, when funds are available, to equip the second floor as a woodworking shop; the number of woodworking factories in the town is sufficient to justify the belief that a large number of apprentices and others in the trade would benefit if a full course of instruction were instituted for them. Meantime the room is being fitted as a combined draughting-room and carpenter's shop, to relieve the overcrowding in the class-rooms. It will be a relief when the room now used for the No. 2 cookery centre is available for classes of the College. Now for its third year it is still called the " temporary cooking centre," and, with increasing numbers in the day school, classes are held of necessity in the attic rooms, which are too low to afford good ventilation when used by large classes for even short periods. During the session a visit was paid io the College by the Education Department's Inspector, Mr. E. C, Isaac, who gave much valuable assistance as a critic and adviser. I have to acknowledge the courtesy and consideration of the Department in dealing with all matters relating to the College, and to thank the Education Board for the careful attention it has given to all matters concerning the welfare of the College. The steady progress of both day and evening classes affords ample testimony to the enthusiasm and energy of the teaching staff. D. E. Hansen, Principal.

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Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for *he Year ending 31st December, 1918, in respect of School and Special Classes in the Southland District, School Classes. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure, £ s. d. Handwork—-Capitation .. .. 372 18 0 Handwork— Materia] and apparatus .. 238 I ft Needlework — Needlework — Capitation .. .. .. .. 3llf 7 7 Salaries to sewing-teachers .. .. 166 (i l> Refunds .. .. .. .. +136 Material and administration . . .. 6 9 0 Grant for machine .. .. .. 210 0 Agriculture— Swimming—Capitation.. .. .. 7 5 0 Salaries .. .. .. .. 177 10 0 Agriculture — Travelling-expenses .. . . . . 60 5 9 Grant for building .. .. . . 102 0 0 Apparatus, material, tools, administraGrant for equipment .. .. .. 25 10 3 tion, &c. .. .. .. .. 218 1 8 Capitation .. .. .. .. 325 14 ti Subsidies paid to Committees .. .. 31 14 8 Subsidy, voluntary contributions .. 8 8 2 Physical measurements—Material .. 24 13 11 Contributions, school-gardens .. .. 34 11 6 Elementary science—Material .. .. 611 6 Sale of pump, knife, journals, &c. .. 4 6 8 Cookery—lnvercargill— Physical measurements—Capitation .. 88 73 j Salaries .. .. .. .. 147 5 2 Elementary science—Capitation .. 13 50 j Material, coal, cleaning, &c. .. .. 207 83 - Cookery—lnvercargill— Administration . . . . .. 17 0 0 Capitation . . .. . . .. 283 J 11 Cookery—Gore— Subsidies .. .. .. .. 10 2 0 Salaries .. .. .. .. 124 11 8 Refund fees, material, <fee. .. . . 69 1 10 Materials, &c. . . .. . . 65 4 I Grant for equipment .. .. .. 92 4 9 Administration .. .. .. 10 4 0 Cookery —Gore— Cookery—Riverton— Capitation . . .. .. .. 151 17 6 Salaries .. . . . . .. 50 0 0 Refund fees .. .. .. 24 12 0 Material, &c. .. .. .. 19 8 1 Subsidy .. .. .. .. I 18 0 Woodwork —[nvercargill— Cookery—Riverton — Salaries .. . . .. .. 271 19 2 Capitation .. .. .. .. 71 5 0 Material, cleaning, &c. .. .. 127 011 Refunds .. .. .. .. 1761 Woodwork —Gore— Woodwork —Invercargill— Salaries .. .. ..' .. 225 0 0 Capitation .. .. .. 243 1 3 Material, &c. .. .. .. 71 18 6 Refund fees .. .. .. 19 19 0 Woodwork—Riverton— Woodwork—Gore— Salaries . . .. .. . . 73 0 0 Capitation ..' .. .. .. 165 7 6 Cleaning, &c. .. .. .. 4 7 6 Refund fees .. . . .. 619 0 Woodwork—Riverton — Capitation .. .. .. .. 70 10 0 Refund fees .. .. .. 9 18 0 Special Classes;. Technical College— j Technical College— Capitation .. .. .. .. 1,746 1 0 Salaries .. .. .. .. 1,757 13 8 Subsidies .. .. .. •• 108 15 0 Stationery, printing, advertising .. 203 11 7 Donations .. .. .. .. 110 0 0 ) Cleaning and fuel .. .. .. 121 12 0 Refund and fees .. .. .. 258 10 o Material .. .. .. 160 7 I Grants for pavilion, fittings, &c. .. 467 4 4 New buildings and repairs .. .. 1,573 2 4 Country continuation —Capitation .. 29 14 3 Administration, &c. .. .. .. 35 0 0 Wool-classing— ! Country continuation—Salaries .. .. 25 8 4 Proceeds sale of wool .. .. 45 0 l> Wool-classing—Wool, &c. .. .. 58 .'! 3 Capitation .. .. .. .. 42 19 3 Fees .. .. •• • ■ 61 0 0 ! Teachers' Train , ino Classes. Capitation .. .. .. -.. 316 13 3 Salaries .. .. .. 343 18 I Grant for material .. .. .. I 14 3 Cleaning .. .. .. .. 12 10 0 .Dr. balance, 31st December, 1913 .. 3,380 13 4 Administration .. .. .. 35 12 10 Dr. balance, 31st December, 1912 .. 2,440 5 0 £9,111 610 £9,111 6 10 A. Bell, Secretary. Extract prom the Report of the Board of Governors of the Gore High School. Notwithstanding the serious drawbacks under which the evening classes were held, the 1913 session was distinctly successful. In all fifty-six individual students enrolled, twenty-four of whom were free pupils, while the other thirty-two paid fees. Twenty-four students took four classes, two took two classes, and the remaining twenty-six took one class only. In almost all cases the instructors were drawn from the staff of the local High School. r lhe Southland Education Board's woodwork instructor for the Gore centre conducted a class in, carpentry, the instructor for woodcarving travelled from Invercargill each week, and a local dressmaker took charge of the dressmaking class. Classes for the following subjects were held during the session, each for two hours weekly: English, arithmetic, shorthand, book-keeping, dressmaking, carpentry, woodcarving, and electricity. Just about the time when the classes should have started, Gore was visited by a disastrous flood. For weeks after no light was available, and therefore the session was late in commencing. So great was the disorganization in the homes and business places caused by the flood, and so wretched were the roads, that the enrolment of students suffered seriously. The number of ladies enrolled was especially small. Still, the number of students taking several

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classes was most encouraging. On the other hand, the trade classes were not taken advantage of as they should be, considering the large number of young men engaged in the various trades carried on in the town. The Board desire to express entire satisfaction at the able and conscientious services rendered by all the instructors. Statement of Receipts and Expenditure for the Year ending 31st December, 1913, in respect of Special Glasses conducted at the Gore Technical School by the Gore High School Board of Governors. Receipts. £ s. d. Expenditure. £ s. d. Capitation on classes .. .. .. 42 16 3 Dr. balance at beginning of year .. .. 65 12 0 Capitation on account of free places .. 21 14 0 Salaries of instructors .. .. .. 84 010 Fees .. .. .. .. .. 33 15 0 Office expenses (inoluding salaries, staVoluntary contributions .. .. .. 25 0 0 tionery, &o.) .. .. .. 10 10 0 Dr. balance at end of year .. .. 52 1 5 Advertising and printing .. .. 11 16 6 Material for class use .. .. .. 3 7 4 £175 6 8 £175 16 8 George Brett, Secretary.

Approximate Cost 0/ Paper. —Preparation, not given ; printing (1,500 copiM, including illustrations), £80.

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