understand, form of Maori culture. Personal culture is impossible to describe in generalisation; abstractions approach such description but do not cover it in all its detail and subtlety. Some things one can say with safety. Personal culture is not an amalgam but an integrated whole; not bits of this and bits of that; not the best of both worlds; it is my way or his way. It is the basis of a person's self-esteem and confidence. To speak of pride in one's culture does not mean pride in the culture of someone else but pride in one's own attainments within a cultural tradition, or of one's participation in some valued activity. You are not your brother's keeper in this matter. The only experience of this kind of Maori culture that you can control is that which you possess. Whatever you decide to keep will be kept. Whatever you decide to change will change. Whatever you ignore will cease to exist within your version of Maori culture. Lamenting the sins of omission of others is a profitless occupation. Schools can't keep Maori alive as a language nor can arts be perpetuated by the immature efforts of children. What you consider should be done you must expect first of all to do yourself: or you must move others by your actions, to feel the need for action. Your own personal culture cannot be externally evaluated—there are no known standards by which such evaluations can be carried out, except perhaps in moral matters or in other ways on which there are strong social sanctions on which people reach something like general agreement. But it can be internally evaluated by the standards you set yourselves, by the degree to which you satisfy yourself that your actions are worthwhile. If you have found this paper a little confusing and maybe confused I am both sorry and glad; sorry because of any necessary disappointment it may have caused but glad because I suspect that anyone who is simply and straightforwardly dogmatic on a matter like this is usually wrong and probably dangerous. Think again of those 165,000 individual cultures—there's diversity, and richness, in 165,000 different lines of development for you; and in the face of all that, it would be a brave man (and not a wise one) who would speak or write of Maori Culture as if, like the horse when the motor car came, it had no future at all.

NOVEL ABOUT MAORI GIRL The First Full-Length work of fiction to depict a Maori in present-day New Zealand society is to be published in London this month by William Heinemann Limited. Entitled “Maori Girl”, the novel is by Noel Hilliard, aged 31, a teacher at the Mangakino District High School. It is planned as the first of a series depicting Maori-pakeha relationships in New Zealand today. The Maori girl of the title is one of a large family brought up on a dairy farm in Taranaki. Economic circumstances force the children to leave home to seek work. The girl finds that her rural Maori background has ill-equipped her for life in Wellington. The book describes her difficulty in finding accommodation and employment, and her efforts to escape from her loneliness in what is for her an alien and hostile city. Mr Hilliard attended the Gisborne High School and Victoria University. Before teaching, he was for some years employed in daily newspaper work in Wellington. He is married, with two children.

STUDENTS' FEDERATION A recommendation for a full-scale research programme into all aspects of Maori education, including the pre-school child, was put to the Commission of Education by a newly formed Federation of Maori Students. The resolutions submitted were: Courses in Maori pronounciation in primary schools; encouragement of the teaching of the Maori language at elementary and advanced levels; provision of special classes in a small number of Maori schools for four-year-old children; the introduction of Maori studies as a core subject at all teachers' colleges; the teaching of Maori myths, traditions and history as an integral part of all school courses and of traditional Maori arts, crafts, games and cultural activities in all primary schools; recognition by New Zealand universities of Maori studies as an arts unit for any degree requiring arts units and the intensification of vocational guidance to Maori students at an early post-primary level.