Turangawaewae is by no means considered complete as yet. There are many plans for improvement, both in the public buildings and in home construction. For this reason the Turangawaewae sawmill project was started: the Pa now owns a fully fledged sawmill, and a tractor of the heaviest type. Te Puea planned to have this mill used for the cutting of timber required in the pa, either for meeting-houses or homes. There is no doubt that in Dave Katipa the project has a competent works manager. If it proves successful, the communal way of life at Turangawaewae will become much easier to manage, because essential supplies and a source of ready money will always be at hand. It is for this reason probably that Te Puea was so keen to have the sawmill established during her lifetime. In Turangawaewae the traditional Maori arts and crafts are practised in an organized and extensive manner. I have mentioned the carving. The chief carver, Hoani Herangi, runs a workshop with a neat and modern look, where the carving required in Ngaruawahia is made, and also jobs for other maraes needing work done. At present a big project is in hand for renovations to the famous carved houses of Tuwharetoa, at Waihi, on the shores of Taupo. Before starting on such a work, the chief carver will listen to the elders of the other tribe relating the stories of their principal ancestors. The house is then planned to express the desired ideas. Hoani Herangi is educating several The new Turangawaewae sowmill. Carving workshop at Turangawaewae. pupils. All these craftsmen earn their living at good permanent jobs, one on the railways, another in the mines, and so on, and carving is an occupation for evenings and weekends. The whole workroom has a modern and lively feel; carving looks far from a dying art here. It is looked upon as a tapu work, and no carvings are made for sale to pakehas. The women have similar work groups for tukutuku and weaving. Some people are worried because not enough of the younger generation are learning these crafts, but there are some, and there are always enough hands at Turangawaewae for the time-absorbing task of collecting and preparing the flax. A good supply of well-tied bundles is always hanging ready for the skilled workers. What of the future? The tribes have accepted the Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act; the settlement of the Waikato claims against the confiscation of their land has resulted in co-operation by the Waikato with the Government. Obviously attitudes are changing. Yet the achievement of Turangawaewae can easily remain, and develop under the new circumstances. This highly cultivated spot has always shown, if one looks beneath the surface, a blend of the two cultures. And what a painful, lonely task it was for the people of Turangawaewae to achieve that blend! It was a rare sort of social pioneering, through which chaos was changed into order.