REHABILITATION BOARD (REPORT FOR YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1944)

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1944 Session I, H-18

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1944 NEW ZEALAND

REHABILITATION BOARD (REPORT FOR YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1944)

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly pursuant to Section 17 (2) of the Rehabilitation Act, 1941

Wellington, Ist May, 1944. Sir, — In accordance with the Rehabilitation Act, 1941, we present hereunder the second annual report of the Rehabilitation Board. This is divided into two parts. Part I of the report covers the twelve months' period ended 31st March, 1944, and not only deals with the work of the Rehabilitation Division of the National Service Department up to the Ist November, 1943, and that of the Rehabilitation Department thereafter, but also records the activities of other Departments and organizations as agents of the Board in particular rehabilitation fields. Part II deals briefly with the steps taken to establish a reconstruction and national development planning organization for the explicit purpose of discharging the State's responsibility in this field assumed by Part II of the Rehabilitation Act. This Part of the report describes the nature of the Organization for National Development (the planning organization) and the part to be played in it by the Rehabilitation Board. We have, &c., F. Baker, Director of Rehabilitation and Member of the Rehabilitation Board. B. G. Ashwin C. W. Batten E. L. Cullen, M.P. I Members of S. W. Gaspar [ the H. Tai Mitchell f Rehabilitation A. 1). Park/T. N. Smallwood | Board. R. G. Macmorran G. P. Shepherd J

To Major the Hon. C. F. Skinner, Minister of Rehabilitation and Chairman of the Rehabilitation Board, Wellington.

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CONTENTS

Page Preface .. .. .. .. .. • • • • • • • • • • .. 3 PART I. —REHABILITATION Section I.—Organization—- ra f? e B. Provision of Employment— Pago (i) Reorganization of Rehabilitation Board .. 4 (i) General Placement .. .. .. ..15 (ii) The Council .. .. .. .. ..4 (ii) Relations with Man-power Authorities .. 15 (iii) Rehabilitation Committees .. .. ..4 (iii) Intermediate Employment Schemes .. .. 15 Section II. —Departmental Administration— (iv) Selective Placement in Industry .. ..16 (i) Establishment of Rehabilitation Department •. »5 Section X.-^-Education (ii) Appointment of Director and Staff .. .. ..5 (i) Administration .. .. .. .. .. ](i (iii) Retention of Agent Departments .. .. 5 (jj) Applications received and Courses approved .. .. Hi (iv) Decentralization of Departmental Work .. .. 5 Overseas Bursaries .. .. .. 16 (v) Summary of Departmental and Committee Machinery 5 Prisoners of War .. .. .. ..16 Section 111. —Departmental and Loan Expenditure 6 (v) Vocational Guidance .. .. .. .. 17 Section IV.—Demobilization— (vi) Refresher Courses .. .. .. ..17 (i) Developments in Liaison Procedure .. .. 6 (vn) Liaison with Education Services in the Forces .. 17 (ii) Progress of Demobilization .. .. 6 (iii) Analysis of Causes of Demobilization .. ..0 Section Xl.—Farm Training and Settlement— (i) Administration .. .. .. .. ..17 Section V. Treatment (ii) Application and Grading Procedure .. 17 (i) General Provision •• •• •• ' (iii) Training Facilities available .. .. ..18 (ii) Provision of Mcdical Advice .. .. .. 7 (iy) Training Results .. .. . . . ..18 Section VI. —Pensions and Rehabilitation Allowances — ( v ) Settlement Facilities available .. .. •• 19 (i) Pensions .. .. .. ..7 ( v >) Settlement Results .. .. .. ..1!) (ii) Rehabilitation Allowances " !'. ! 7 (v") Servicemen's Settlement and Land Sales Act, 1943 .. in (viii) The Settlement Outlook .. .. .. 20 Section VII.—-Provision for the Disabled— (i) Administration .. .. .. .. 7 Section Xll.—Financial Assistance— (ii) The Problem analysed .. .. .. 7 a. Loans— (iii) The Means of Solution .. .. .. 8 (i) Administration .. .. .. . . 20 (iv) Special Provision for the Blinded .. .. .. 8 (ii) Loan Facilities available .. .. 21 (v) Manufacture and Fitting of Artificial Limbs .. .. 9 (iii) Lending Results .. .. .. ..21 (vi) Vocational Training .. .. .. 9 (iv) The Lending Outlook .. .. .. 21 (vii) Therapeutic Employment .. .. .. 9 B. Grants— (viii) Possible Establishment of Rest Centre .. ..9 (i) Facilities available, and Procedure . ..22 (ix) Selective Placement and After Care .. 9 (ii) Grants made .. ' .. ..' 22 Section VIII. —Special Arrangements eor Rx-servicemen Section Xlll.—Housing and Furniture — (i) General .. .. .. .. ■ • }0 (i) General .. .. .. .. .. 22 (ii) Ex-servicemen m Licensed Industries .. .. 10 (ii) Allocation of State Rental Dwellings .. ..22 (iii) Domestic and 1< oreign Business Supplies .. .. 11 Assisted Erection of Dwellings .. .. ..22 (iv) Personal and Household Requirements .. .. 11 (iv) Assisted Purchase of Existing Dwellings .. ..23 (v) Release and Purchaso of Army Vehicles .. 1 1 # t _ ## . . . 23 (vi) Employment .. .. .. •• ..11 (vii) Other Fields .. .. .. .. ..11 Section XIV.— Special Provision for Maori Ex-servicemen--Section IX.—Employment— (?) Administration .. .. .. .. .. 23 . m . . i- ™ i 4. (n) Employment .. .. . . .. 16 A. raining or ,mp oymen p arm Training and Land-settlement .. ..24 (l) Administration .. .. .. .. 11 ). ' © (ii) << A » Class Training 12 M 24 W !!S"£ lasS rp rainlng " " n Section XV.—The Future in Focus .. . ..24 (iv) C Class Training .. .. .. Id (v) Other Forms of Training .. .. .. 14 (vi) The Trade Training Outlook .. .. 14 Section XVl—Appreciation .. .. . .25 PART II. —RECONSTRUCTION Section I.—lnterdependence oe Reconstruction and Page | Pa BJ ~ oa Section 11.—Organization .. .. .. ..20 Rehabilitation .. .. .. .. ~ 2b | APPENDICES Appendix I.—The Interpretation of ELiouirLiTr and Page | Pago Priority for Rehabilitation Assistance .. 27 | Appendix lE-Charts and Statists Tables .. .. 28

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PREFACE

(i) The second annual report of the Rehabilitation Board is presented at a time when the armies of the United Nations are marching from victory to fresh victory. Each day sees Germany sinking further into defeat, while her Eastern partner, Japan, has been forced back on to a desperate defensive that will ultimately turn into the unconditional surrender for which the Allies are fighting. This is a time which we are justified in regarding as the " beginning of the end," and in this preface the Board appropriately desires to outline its interpretation of the objectives of rehabilitation, with full regard for the responsibilities entrusted to it under the Rehabilitation Act, 1941. (ii) The Board considers that its immediate and basic responsibility is to give all ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen the opportunity of returning to civil life on terms at least as favourable as those which would probably have applied, as a result of their own efforts, if they had not been required to serve in the Armed Forces. (hi) If rehabilitation goes only thus far, none shall be placed at an economic disadvantage by his or her service—though it cannot be denied that physical and psychological sufferings and Usabilities can never be entirely compensated for, or offset* (iv) It may be said that this is a restricted interpretation of rehabilitation in the sense that it merely confirms the pre-war status quo, whereas the more farsighted leaders of the Allied Nations are thinking in terms of a new order that will enable the mass of the people in all countries to attain to progressively higher economic and cultural levels. The achievement of such a social order is a task of statesmanship in its widest sense, and if the Board succeeds in fully discharging its basic responsibility to ex-servicemen as defined it will consider that it has realized the primary objective of the Rehabilitation Act. (v) Beyond its basic responsibility the Board recognizes a second responsibility, and one perhaps even more onerous of discharge. This is the responsibility of carrying out the Government's intention to reward, to the fullest possible extent, the meritorious service of men and women members of the Forces. In undertaking this responsibility the Board is mindful of the great difficulties in correlating merit with known or presumed hazard or with duration and zone of service. Nevertheless, it is the Board's practice, and intention for the future, to give the benefit of any reasonable doubt to the ex-serviceman in. this respect. (vi) Both responsibilities, although directly assumed by the Board, depend for their acquittal on the successful conversion of the New Zealand economy from a war to a peacetime one. This clearly can be effected only by the active support and co-operation of all sections of the community. (vii) Tt is not the function of the Board to control the general economic environment. Its function is to operate within the conditions created by the war and the reconstruction to follow, with the object of providing a scheme of special treatment for the men and the women who, on land, sea, and in the air, have contributed so magnificently to the Allied cause. (viii) In Appendix I of the report a brief outline of the system at present being operated in providing assistance is given. This interprets the present attitude of the Board to the question of priority and extent of assistance. As economic conditions and the various activities which go to make up national life return to normal this attitude will be subject to review from time to time. (ix) The inevitability of observing some priority schedule; is demonstrated by examples in most of the fields of rehabilitation assistance. The present housing shortage, for example, cannot be fully overcome until a full complement of labour is available in the timber-milling, construction, and allied industries and the normal inflow of imported builders' requirements is resumed. (x) Similarly, until various materials and labour shortages are overcome, land-development, and therefore the establishment of ex-servicemen on farms, must proceed at a very reduced rate. It is interesting to note in this regard that both in South Africa and Canada a definite pronouncement has been made that no land-settlement will be undertaken until after the cessation of hostilities. (xi) In different ways almost all of the other fields of rehabilitation activity are also affected by the exigencies of war—exigencies which must be expected to persist for some time after the war. It is in the light of these factors that the Board has found it necessary to proceed in the various ways and to the differing extents that are dealt with in the following sections of the report.

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PART I.—REHABILITATION SECTION 1.-ORGANIZATION (i) Reorganization of Rehabilitation Board 1. Following the transfer of the portfolio of Rehabilitation in August, 1943, to Major the Hon. C. F. Skinner, M.C., a returned serviceman of the present war, the Rehabilitation Board was reorganized. 2. Mr. M. Moohan, who bad been Chairman of tbe Board since its inception in February, 1942, in retiring from the Board in October, 1943, relinquished this office to the Minister. The present Board takes this opportunity of placing on record the great contribution made by Mr. Moohan to the very difficult question of formulating the original rehabilitation plan. This gentleman showed great breadth of vision in conceiving many of the original principles on which rehabilitation is still based, and displayed unbounded energy in giving effect to the various decisions which were made during his term of office. At the first meeting of the Rehabilitation Council following Mr. Moohan's retirement, the warmest tributes were paid by all members of the Council to the work which Mr. Moohan had done, 3. Subsequently two sitting members of the Board, Mr. C. W. Batten and Mr. S. W. Caspar, were appointed full-time salaried members and were located in the Head Office of the new Rehabilitation Department. In addition, the newly-appointed Director of Rehabilitation became a member of the Board. 0 4. In February of the current year the Board was further enlarged by the addition of one of the joint Managing Directors of the State Advances Corporation, the Under-Secretary for Lands, and the Under-Secretary for Native Affairs. The addition of representatives of the Corporation and these two Departments to the Board was undertaken because each of them acts as an agent of the Board in its particular field. It was considered that the appointment of a representative to the Board would contribute to understanding by the Departments concerned of the numerous aspects of rehabilitation. 5. The executive work of the Board has been much facilitated by the establishment of executive committees—namely, the Loans, Lands, Trade Training, Education, and Maori Finance Committees. Each of these committees, subject to the unanimous decision of its members and the overriding decision of the Board, wields the executive authority of the Board in its particular field. 6. Between March and November, 1943, the Board met on thirty-two occasions and between November, 1943, and March, 1944, on nine occasions. In addition, the Executive Sub-committee comprising the Minister of Rehabilitation, the Director, and Messrs. C. W. Batten, S. W. Caspar, and E. L. Cullen, M.P., has met seventeen times since it was set up in November last. 7. Table I of Appendix II gives the names of Board members. (ii) The Council 8. The personnel and functions of the Rehabilitation Council have not changed during the year. As reported in the first annual report of the Board, members of the National Rehabilitation Council, as Council members, as members of Standing Committees of the Board, and as Local Rehabilitation Committee members, have given valuable assistance to the Minister and the Board. The Council has met twice since April, 1943, and arrangements have been made for it to meet regularly at quarterly intervals henceforth. All members of the Council are ex officio members of the local Rehabilitation Committee in the centre where they reside, and the majority of them are also members of advisory or executive Committees of the Board. By this means they are kept fully informed on current developments and the fullest use is made of their specialized knowledge when formulating rehabilitation policy. 9. Table II of Appendix II contains the names of Council members. (iii) Rehabilitation Committees 10. The first annual report of the Board (.1943) advised that sixty local Rehabilitation Committees had been set up and that provision had been made for a further thirty-nine Committees 11. The number of local Rehabilitation Committees now in existence is 310, and it is not expected that any further considerable addition in Committees will be necessary. There is, however, a distinct tendency towards the setting-up of sub-committees of existing local Rehabilitation Committees to facilitate the handling of particular matters, such as loans, trade training, care of disabled men, &c. This development is regarded &s having the dual advantage of enabling specialization by Committee members in particular matters and expedition in the turnover of Committee work. 12. As rehabilitation policy has developed and the experience of Committee members has increased additional functions have been entrusted to local Committees. The stage has now been reached where local Committees, in execution of their basic responsibility to assist in the rehabilitation of all ex-servicemen in their district, are yielding a valuable advisory service not only to the Board and the various State Departments involved, but also to individual ex-servicemen encountering particular difficulties. Except with unimportant forms of assistance, which may be dispensed directly by departmental officers, the determination of the extent of assistance of all kinds merited by ex-servicemen applicants rests largely in the hands of the local Committees. The technical investigation of the feasibility of proposals submitted by ex-servicemen and supported by Committees as well as the actual provision of the assistance in question, however, remain administrative functions of the Board, working through the Rehabilitation Department and the Departments acting as agents. It is expected that "the co-opting of various district departmental officers by local Committees and subcommittees will further integrate the work of Committees with that of Departments.

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13. The Board records the valuable contributions in time and effort that the several hundred Committee members throughout New Zealand have made towards the execution of the common task. It considers that the successful initiation of rehabilitation measures in New Zealand has in large part been due to the public spirited and zealous co-operation of Committees. The future success of the Board's policy measures will, in its opinion, call for continued co-operation from representative local interests, and it looks forward confidently to continuation of such co-operation. 14. Table 111 of Appendix 11 contains the names of all centres in which local Rehabilitation Committees are at present operating. SECTION 11. DEPARTMENTAL ADMINISTRATION (i) Establishment of Rehabilitation Department 15. The establishment of the Rehabilitation Department in November, 1943, ended the arrangement under which the Rehabilitation Division of the National Service Department acted as the administrative secretariat of the Board. 16. The new Department assumed direct responsibility for the administration of the Board's policy in all fields, although this did not involve the displacement of a number of State Departments from particular fields in which they were already acting as agents of the Board. (ii) Appointment of Director and Staff 17. Coincident with the establishment of the Rehabilitation Department Lieutenant-Colonel F. Baker was appointed to, the position of Director. The new Director prior to the war had been engaged in a number of the Departments in the Government Service, and for some four years before joining the 2nd N.Z.E.F. as a Lieutenant in 1939 had been Head Ofiice Inspector in the State Advances Corporation. He served with the Forces in the Middle East, where, in addition to serving in other units, he commanded the 28th N.Z. (Maori) Battalion, attaining the rank of LieutenantColonel and the award of the D.5.0., besides being twice mentioned in despatches. Lieutenant-Colonel Baker is a member of the New Zealand Society of Accountants and of the Australian Institute of Secretaries. 18. The Rehabilitation Division of the National Service Department was absorbed into the Rehabilitation Department, and the majority of the staff was either transferred to the new Department or temporarily seconded thereto. Applications were called for the position of District Rehabilitation Officer in each of the twenty-three centres where the former Rehabilitation Division already had offices and in seven other centres at which it was proposed to open a Rehabilitation office. In effecting appointments preference was given to public servants who had returned from service overseas, either in the Great War or in the present war. To date Rehabilitation Officers have been appointed to almost all of the thirty centres in which a district office already exists or is planned. Both Head and District Office staffs were augmented by the appointment of additional specialist and clerical personnel. (iii) Retention of Agent Departments 19. The establishment of the Department did not result in abandonment of the policy whereby the services of certain other specialist Departments continued to be used by the Board. These Departments, more notably the State Advances Corporation in connection with financial assistance ; Lands and Survey Department in land settlement and development; the War Pensions Branch of the Social Security Department in connection with Rehabilitation allowances ; the Labour Department in connection with occupational re-establishment; and the Native Department in connection with Maori Rehabilitation continued to act as agents of the Rehabilitation Board. 20. Almost every Department of State is in some way involved in rehabilitation activity, and for this reason the somewhat widely advocated case for an all-embracing self-contained Rehabilitation Department has not been conceded. Agent organizations act on behalf and under direction of the Board, and already it has been amply demonstrated that this arrangement promotes and does not impair the efficiency with which rehabilitation work generally is performed. The other Departments, as in the case of the Rehabilitation Department, are at present handicapped by shortage of suitable staff, and until this situation eases it must be expected to affect in some degree the efficiency of the Rehabilitation organization. (iv) Decentralization of Departmental Work 21. When the Department had been in existence a short time it was found possible to entrust to District Offices much of the administrative case work previously carried out in the Head Office. Where previously all cases of ex-servicemen were brought under the surveillance of the Head Office by means of a rigid progress-reporting system the increasing development of policy and growing experience of district officers permitted the entire handling of all but the most difficult individual cases by local Rehabilitation officers assisted by Rehabilitation Committees. 22. It is contemplated that as policy measures are still more clearly and completely defined administration will become increasingly a local responsibility. Thus the stage should be reached where the Head Office will be principally concerned with formulating, circulating, and supervising policy measures. # # (v) Summary of Departmental and Committee Machinery 23. Table IV of Appendix II illustrates diagrammatically the departmental and Committee machinery established by the Board to implement its policy. 24. The Table shows the Board (and the Executive Sub-Committee) as the first link in the chain of authority. Next come the specialist executive Committees of the Board dealing with Financial Assistance, Farm Training and Settlement, Trade Training, Education, and Maori Rehabilitation, and working through the Head Office of the Rehabilitation Department. The 30 district rehabilitation centres and 21 sub rehabilitation centres, and their relationship both to the Head Office of the Department and the appropriate ones of the 110 Rehabilitation Committees, are next illustrated.

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SECTION 111. DEPARTMENTAL AND LOAN EXPENDITURE 25. From the outset of rehabilitation activity early in 1940 up till 31st March, 1944, a total of £2,987,506 under all heads has been directly expended or advanced by the Government on the rehabilitation of New Zealand ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen. Of this sum, £2,050,414 has been disbursed since 31st March, 1943. 26. Table V of Appendix II summarizes under major headings the break-up of the aggregate sum expended from the commencement of rehabilitation activity, and also the sum expended during the twelve months ended 31st March, 1944. SECTION IV.—DEMOBILIZATION (i) Developments in Liaison Procedure 27. Towards the end of 1943 several selected Army officers who had already served during the present war, after attending a course of instruction at the Head Office of the Rehabilitation Department, proceeded to the Middle East, and later to the Pacific, to lay the foundation of an Army Education and Rehabilitation Liaison Service. These officers are working under the command of the A.E.W.S. and they are organizing a census of every man serving in the Middle East with a view to imparting trade, technical, and academic tuition during the service of the men in preparation for their ultimate demobilization. The Army Education and Rehabilitation Liaison officers overseas (known as the Education and Rehabilitation Service, or E.R.S.) maintain contact with the Rehabilitation Department for the purpose of obtaining up-to-date information regarding New Zealand conditions and rehabilitation measures. One of the Liaison Officers concerned generally accompanies each returning draft of sick and wounded personnel, and on board ship supplies* information and advice to the men as well as machinery details of the draft to the Rehabilitation Department. The maintenance of its information service by the E.R.S. in combat areas, at base, and on board the hospital ship is of extreme importance in the rehabilitation of overseas personnel, who in many cases have been absent from New Zealand for several years, during which they have naturally been unable to keep informed on changing conditions here. 28. An extension of the Education and Rehabilitation Liaison Service in the Forces is contemplated as far as Air Force and naval personnel in the United Kingdom are concerned, and here it is planned to co-operate with the Air Force Education Service. The pursuit of educational and rehabilitation liaison work in the Forces overseas is expected to assist materially in the successful industrial absorption of men invalided back to New Zealand during hostilities, as well as to constitute a first step towards planned repatriation at the point of mass demobilization. 29. During the period under review it became necessary to overhaul the procedure under which particulars of men and women invalided out of the Forces were supplied to the Department. A ne\» arrangement has been negotiated with the Service arms in accordance with which full service particulars of all men and women discharged or demobilized from the Forces for any reason will henceforth be supplied to the Department. This comprehensive arrangement will close the gaps in information which have hitherto been occasioned by man-power and compassionate releases from the Forces and also by the posting of certain officers to reserve without transmission of advice to the Rehabilitation Department. Until this complete arrangement was introduced the first intimation of releases other than those of men and women invalided out of the Forces came generally from a direct application for assistance of one or another kind from the men or women concerned. (ii) Progress in Demobilization 30. By 31st March of the current year a total of 42,656 servicemen and women who had been discharged or transferred to the various Service reserves had been handled by the Rehabilitation Department. Of this number, 22,320 were returned men and 215 were returned women, while 19,657 men and 464 women had been dealt with by the Department on demobilization after service in New Zealand only. This figure does not include all discharges or releases for other purposes from the Forces, but only the cases of all men and women medically boarded out of the Forces plus others released on man-power or other grounds who applied for rehabilitation assistance of one or another kind. 31. Table VI of Appendix II shows the numerical progress of demobilization at three-monthly intervals since the commencement of the war. As will be seen from the table referred to demobilization has proceeded uniformly and the Rehabilitation Board, due probably to a combination of circumstances, from an employment point of view has not found it difficult to deal satisfactorily with the cases of all ex-servicemen and women as they arose. (iii) Analysis of Causes of Demobilization 32. By far the greater number of discharges has, as was so from the outset, been due to sickness rather than battle casualties. 33. Table VII of the Appendix analyses in detail the reasons for the demobilization of the total of 42,656 men and women whose cases had been dealt with as at 31st March, 1944. SECTION V. TREATMENT • (i) General Provision 34. The War Pensions Branch of the Social Security Department, in its administration of the War Pensions Act and amendments, has continued to provide the treatment facilities to ex-servicemen described in the last annual report of the Rehabilitation Board. 35. The War Pensions Branch has not found it necessary to bring to the notice of the Board any treatment problems seriously handicapping the recuperation and therefore the personal rehabilitation of ex-servicemen. As also the cases of almost all ex-servicemen and certainly all men returned and discharged through sick and wounded channels are known to the Rehabilitation Department through its contact service, the absence of such general problems gives ground for satisfaction at the success with which this important aspect of rehabilitation is being handled.

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(ii) Provision of Medical Advice 36. Whereas the pensions doctors have always been readily available to conduct examinations of ex-servicemen in respect of treatment, responsibility for which is recognized by the payment of pension, it has become necessary in the view of the Board to provide a general medical advisory service to recuperating ex-servicemen regardless of whether pensions or treatment specified by the War Pensions Board is involved. In certain centres the Department has been able to enlist the honorary assistance of specialists, notably psychiatrists, but the general shortage of doctors, and hence the difficulty of procuring needed advice through the usual civilian'channels, has suggested the desirability of a special medical advisory service. The Board accordingly has under action in connection with its proposed intermediate schemes, as well as the general question, negotiations for the appointment of a rehabilitation medical adviser in each of the main rehabilitation centres. SECTION VI.—PENSIONS AND REHABILITATION ALLOWANCES (i) Pensions 37. As intimated in the first report of the Board, the administration of the War Pensions Act and its amendments is a function of the War Pensions Branch of the Social Security Department. 38. The Board considers that as far as pension provisions and their administration affect the rehabilitation of the men who are its concern there is cause for satisfaction. The Rehabilitation Department has an arrangement with the War Pensions Branch in accordance with which Rehabilitation Officers refer to the appropriate Registrar of War Pensions any cases where difficulty in connection with pension applications, awards, payments, reinstatements, and appeals come under their notice. The result has been an adequate safeguarding of the pensions aspect. (ii) Rehabilitation Allowances 39. As agent to the Board (in this field only) the War Pensions Branch has with one important qualification continued to administer the rehabilitation allowance procedure as defined by the Board. The qualification in question relates to cases where there is doubt in the mind of either the Rehabilitation Officer or the Registrar for War Pensions whether an allowance should be granted or terminated. In such cases the decision of the local Rehabilitation Committee or the Rehabilitation Board now prevails. 40. Table VI.II of Appendix II gives particulars of rehabilitation allowances disbursed during the year under review and to date. SECTION VII.—PROVISION FOR THE DISABLED (i) Administration 41. The last twelve months have not seen any important changes in the administrative machinery established to provide for this aspect of rehabilitation. The Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League remains the agent of the Board in performing the bulk of the field-work undertaken on behalf of the disabled. 42. The Disabled Servicemen's League, although an agent of the Board in respect of disabled men from the present war, is an incorporated society which came into existence some years ago to provide for the needs of disabled veterans of the Great War. The League's constitution also empowers it to undertake the training and employment of disabled civilians, although this aspect is not reckoned a primary responsibility. For these reasons the League each year reports separately on its activities, including some that are not the concern of the Board. 43. This section of the report, since it deals with all phases of the disabled ex-scrviceman problem, covers the activities of the League to the extent that they are undertaken by the League as an agent of the Board. It also deals with the work of the Rehabilitation and other Departments in this field, and hence the subject is treated as a whole, with appropriate references to the League and any other organizations or Departments concerned. 44. It was stated in the last annual report that all ex-servicemen who by reason of disability presented a readjustment or placement problem were regarded as " disability cases," and were assisted in special ways, not necessary in the normal run of ex-servicemen's cases, to re-establish themselves permanently and happily. This practice has been continued during the year under review, although the former practice of " labelling "or recording disability cases, as such, has been discontinued. Under this procedure all labelled cases were followed up and the stages in their rehabilitation were recorded until it could be reported that the men in question were satisfactorily established. This procedure was followed with reasonable success when the number of cases affected was relatively small, but with the growing numbers and the increasing difficulty of deciding whether or not cases should be " labelled " as disability ones it has been abandoned in favour of recording only those cases assisted in one or more specific ways. This, combined with the general after-care contact procedure, ensures that all disabled men will be assisted for as long as they need to be, while the record of cases assisted in specific ways measures fairly completely the extent of the disabled problem and the degree of success obtained in the attempt at its solution. (ii) The Problem analysed 45. Every disabled man, whether seriously or only slightly disabled, is faced in greater or less degree with readjustment and or employment difficulties. These difficulties for the most part spring from his disability or disabilities, and in all cases the problem is to find the means of overcoming them and thereby, ensuring his permanent happy economic and social re-establishment. This re-establishment must be permanent if the man is not to be. harassed by fear of becoming economically, and therefore socially, redundant; and it must certainly be happy unless the man is to suffer the frustration begotten of the belief that he has as a charitable gesture been placed in some more or less uninteresting and trivial employment.

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46. Happy re-establishment as a citizen is practicable only if all possible therapeutic measures have been applied to the remedying of the disabled man's physical or mental disability ; if careful and complete investigation has been made into his capacity, or potential capacity given specialized training, to undertake interesting skilled professional, clerical, or other employment; if every effort is made to assist him to realize his maximum capacity in this respect; if he is durably placed accordingly ; and, finally, if he is regarded by his employer, workmates, friends and social acquaintances not as a dejected cripple living by the grace of the community, but as a war veteran who, despite his service disability, is, as a result of specialized training and tenacity of purpose, no more a social cripple than the many thousands of worthy citizens with this or that minor physical or mental limitation. 47. Permanent re-establishment presupposes an economic order in which all are assured of a reasonable livelihood and all who are capable of rendering economic service of any prudential kind are guaranteed the means of doing so. Elsewhere in this report the Board's positive interest in realizing such an order is referred to, as are the steps taken by the Board to assist in the establishment of a planning and co-ordinating organization to make this possible. (iii) The Means of Solution 48. As a general rule the solution of the problem of the disabled man is to be found in an approach which recognizes and provides for definite stages in rehabilitation, each of which presents its typical difficulties. This view involves, therefore, a " right through " technique of assistance, encouragement, and follow-up. .Such a technique has been employed by the officers of the Department and the Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League. 49. The " right through " method may involve at the appropriate stage in each case :— (a) Sympathetic and co-ordinated liaison activity by the Rehabilitation Officer and the Field Officer of the League from the time when the case first becomes a rehabilitation one until the man is satisfactorily and securely re-established ; (b) Such special treatment, institutional and otherwise, as may bo necessary to effect the physical or mental recovery of the disabled man ; (c) Assistance in overcoming other personal or domestic difficulties not connected with the man's disability, but undoubtedly affecting his recovery therefrom ; (d) Provision of therapeutic employment and recreational facilities to hasten the transition from unemployability to either normal employability or cmployability for specially selected work ; (e) Provision of special training, either concurrently witli therapeutic employment or thereafter ; (f) Placement in carefully selected and, as far as possible, permanent employment, and also post-placement contact. 50. The liaison procedure followed by the Department and the League ensures'that every exserviceman whose case might conceivably present a disability problem is personally interviewed before his service pay ceases. From the time of the first contact until it is possible to record the man's satisfactory establishment he is frequently and helpfully contacted, and any new development or difficulty is discussed with him. The value of " right through " contact of this nature is immeasurable. 51. As commented in the section of this report dealing with treatment, the War Pensions branch of the Social Security Department is providing adequate treatment facilities for ex-scrvicemen. For example, the more important disabilities already discussed are met by special medical measures, where such are possible. These include periodic specialist examination and prescriptions in tuberculosis, skin conditions, and sight and hearing cases, while clinical facilities for psychiatric cases and balneological treatment for such rheumatoid conditions as it is prescribed for are also provided. 52. The only respect in which the Board has found it necessary to augment the facilities provided by the War Pensions Board and the Health Department has been where special additional occupational therapy or readjustment measures have been necessary. 53. Additional facilities provided by the Board include the treatment, training, and general guidance of all totally blinded or industrially blinded ex-servicemen ; the specialized training and guidance of disabled men in the vocational and recreation centres of the League, and therapeutic employment under the intermediate scheme. (iv) Special Provision for the Blinded 54. With particular reference to blinded ex-servicemen, the Board found it desirable to make special arrangements, and early in the current year the Fairview Convalescent Home, Mount Eden, was acquired as a temporary training centre and hostel for blinded men. The four ex-servicemen inmates of the Institute for the Blind were transferred to Fairview and, by arrangement with the Institute, the part-time services of a competent instructor in Braille were obtained. The services of a trained female occupational therapeutist were also obtained, and with the aid of Braille watches and talking books procured by the Board the training and general welfare of blinded ex-servicemen are receiving every consideration. 55. Thus far only eight men have returned totally blinded, while eleven returned and three home-service men have been discharged partially blinded. The training of both totally and partially blinded men at the Fairview Convalescent Home will be pursued with the implicit purpose of getting them to take up avocations in industry. This has been the point in establishing Fairview, for, as is well known, the New Zealand Institute for the Blind ministers to the needs of blind persons who expect to remain inmates of the Institute. Importance is attached to the discovery of suitable occupations for blinded men by means of the occupational survey referred to elsewhere. That such men can be economically employed in industry is proved by the current engagement by a freezingworks establishment of a blinded man who has returned from the present war as well as the employment of blind persons in other industrial concerns. *

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(v) Manufacture and Fitting of Artificial Limbs 56. The last report of the Board mentioned that the limb manufacturing and fitting equipment and plant of the McKay Orthopaedic Society had been taken over and entrusted to the Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League to operate as part of the new vocational training and recreational centre erected by the Board in Wellington. An up-to-date limb manufacturing and fitting and experimental department of the centre now performs the bulk of the limb manufacturing and fitting work on behalf of ex-servicemen. 57. Since/ the establishment of the limb department at the Wellington Centre it has become increasingly equipped to handle the manufacture and fitting of the various classes of artificial limbs. Notwithstanding this, there is ample room for further development and technical improvement in this field before the Board will regard the position as entirely satisfactory. In particular, there is need for the appointment of a full-time trained orthopaedic surgeon at the Wellington Centre and at any of the other centres where limb manufacturing and fitting are subsequently undertaken, while the establishment and fitting-up of the Auckland Centre, as well as the training of an increasing number of artificial-limb and surgical-footwear manufacturers, require pushing ahead. The Board is moving actively in each of these respects. 58. Table XXI of Appendix II gives details of the progress towards re-establishment of all leg and arm amputees as at 31st March, 1944 ; while Table XXII gives particulars of limb-fitting results to date. (vi) Vocational Training 59. At the Wellington Vocational Training Centre, and at its district workshops in Auckland, Christchu'rch, Dunedin, and Invercargill, the League, with subsidy assistance from the Board, is training a considerable number of disabled men from the present war in addition to other men not the concern of the Board. It is the intention of the Board to erect and entrust to the League for management training centres, similar to the Wellington Centre, in each, of the other main centres, and the erection of the new Dunedin centre is well advanced, there being every likelihood of its being in operation by June of this year. Meantime the League workshops, despite their limited accommodation and facilities, are able to handle the more seriously disabled men transferred to them for training. 60. Specially-devised training, graded to meet the physical and mental conditions of the trainees, is being provided by the League at one or another centre in the following trades and callings : cabinetmaking ; clerical work ; basketwork ; arts and crafts ; artificial-limb , making ; boot-repairing; french polishing; leatherware manufacturing; mop-manufacturing; paua-shell jewellery and trinket manufacturing ; ropeware manufacturing and upholstery. The occupations in which training is provided are steadily extending, as might be expected. 61. Table XXIII of Appendix II gives details of ex-servicemen undergoing training with the Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League as at 31st March, while Table XXIV gives details of men absorbed into industry from the League as at the same date. (vii) Therapeutic Employment 62. The provision of employment, whether permanently or temporarily, which will assist the physical recovery and psychological readjustment of the disabled man has throughout been regarded as fundamental. 63. Accordingly disabled men undergoing training in the Vocational Training Centres of the League; have been trained or employed with as much emphasis on their physical and psychological recovery as on the attainment of particular trade skill. A number of men who have been employed at the Vocational and Recreational Centres and who have left of their own accord, or who have been placed from the centres in employment for which they were not trained by the League, has been greatly assisted by the therapeutic value of the work done or attempted in the company of other similarly disabled men at the centres. 64. In the Employment Section of the report the establishment of a Therapeutic Employment or Intermediate Scheme is mentioned. It is expected that the setting-up of local schemes under the general authority will go far towards solving the dual question of what employment men who are not quite fit for normal employment can undertake and how their progress to industrial employability can be hastened. In the next report of the Board it will be possible to evaluate more reliably the contribution which the intermediate scheme is at that point making to the solution of the disabled-man problem. (viii) Possible Establishment of Rest Centre 65. On more than one occasion in its consideration of therapeutic measures the Board has studied the question of whether a special rest centre for ex-servicemen should be established. The central idea behind proposals of this nature is that in order to hasten the post-institutional recuperation of invalided men and develop still further the tuition in occupational therapy these men would probably have received while in hospital a rest centre, midway between the hospital and the vocational centres managed by the Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League, would be desirable. 66. The Board has regarded such proposals as possessing a certain merit, but a recent survey of cases of men likely to benefit from such treatment and to be willing to sojourn at a rest centre did not reveal a sufficiently large number of cases to recommend such a measure. Subsequently the position may be otherwise, but in the meantime the Board considers that the provision of suitable light work on specially organized intermediate schemes (described in Section IX B (iii) of this report) accompanied by selective placement in industry renders a special rest centre unnecessary at this stage. (ix) Selective Placement and After-care 67. All the measures so far referred to will not singly or collectively enable the permanent and happy rehabilitation of disabled men unless they arc followed by selective industrial placement—that is to say, all that will have been done up to this stage must be regarded as preparatory to the return of the disabled man, if this is at all possible, to a suitable industrial avocation yielding him the ruling

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emolument and thus assisting his social readjustment and his personal contentment. Except in a very few desperate cases, prolonged idleness on full pension, or indefinite stay on the Intermediate Scheme or in the Vocational Centres, will be neither desirable nor practicable. The Vocational Centres and the Intermediate Scheme must, instead, be in a position to release men definitely more fitted for industrial placement at approximately the rate at which new and more serious cases are being assumed by them. 68. Given this foundation selective placement in industry becomes the culminating step 111 the solution of the disabled man's case. It is for this reason that such significance is attached to the compilation of the occupational monograph and the subsequent placement campaign referred to in the Employment Section of the report. 69. Continued friendly after-care or post-placement contacts with disabled men are regarded as important. Very often the men in question suffer minor physical or psychological setbacks even after satisfactory establishment has been reported, and here the value of friendly advice and encouragement is most helpful. Post-placement contacts of this kind are often the means o averting a break-down in employment, and therefore a recession in every aspect of the disabled man s case. Rehabilitation Officers and League Field Officers have therefore co-operated closely in following up all the cases of all the more seriously-disabled men with a view to encouraging to discuss any difficulties or developments likely to prejudice their long-term rehabilitation. The results obtained from this follow-up service have amply justified it. SECTION VIII. —SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR EX-SERVICEMEN (i) General 70. Thus far assistance to rehabilitate themselves has in the main been extended to ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen in accordance with financial employment and other procedures specifically devised as rehabilitation measures. It has, however, become apparent that these measures, though fundamental, do not provide all that is desired in the innumerable social and economic fields in which affinities with rehabilitation responsiblity are being increasingly revealed. The need to provide for ex-servicemen in these many fields has accordingly occupied the Board. 71 It is recognized that the planned reconstruction and development of the national economy olfer the best promise of durable and worthwhile rehabilitation for all ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen, and the plans being prepared by the Organization for National Development are expected to create and safeguard favourable conditions for the administration of specific rehabilitation measures. Nevertheless the impossibility and undesirability of bringing every detailed aspect of rehabilitation within the'scope of the general development plan are conceded, and attention has therefore been directed to the engrafting of particular limited arrangements for ex-servicemen on existing general civilian arrangements. 72. Application of these arrangements for ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen has already extended to a number of particular fields, and it is certain that this practice will, as rehabilitation develops, come to berelied upon more to interweave efforts for the civil re-establishment of men and women from the' Forces with the general economic activity of the community. The particular fields in which such arrangements have already been applied and their nature are now discussed. (ii) Ex-servicemen in Licensed Industries 73. Under the authority conferred by the Industrial Efficiency Act, 1936, some thirty-four important industries are licensed with the Bureau of Industry (Department of Industries and Commerce). The effect of licensing is to require firms or persons contemplating establishment to obtain first a license to do so from the Bureau of Industry, while .there are other provisions m the procedure administered by the Bureau facilitating the preparation and introduction of Dominion plans in the industries affected. The licensing policy of the Bureau is based upon the economic justification for the enterprises concerned, and the objects of this policy are elimination of wasteful competition and increased industrial efficiency in existing enterprises. 74 In addition to the licensed industries operating under the Industrial Efficiency Act the transport industry is also subject to licensing and supervision by the Transport Licensing Authorities working under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Transport and the Commissioner of Transport, while breadbaking and pastry-cooking is subject to licensing by the Wheat and Flour Controller; and the delivery of milk is licensed by local bodies. Control also exists in different forms m a number of other business fields. 75. The Rehabilitation Board has made representations to the Bureau of Industry and the Transport Department and other controlling persons and organizations to secure recognition in licensing practice of the following rehabilitation requirements . (a) That licensees mobilized for service with the Forces be dissuaded from disposing of their businesses at this stage ; that the license attaching thereto be suspended during the licensee's service with the Forces ; and that on the licensee s death or return to civil life the license bo revived and made subject to transfer in the usual way (b) That during the absence of any licensee on service with the Forces temporary licenses only be issued to new operators for the duration of the war ; (c) That in the transfer of existing licenses preference be accorded ex-servicemen ; and (d) That the owner of any licensed business who is himself not a member of the Armed Services be required to transfer any licenses which are considered to be surplus, having regard to the number of men employed by him and the needs of ex-servicemen ior business of such kind.

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76. Already, as far as the transport industry is concerned including taxi businesses, goods and passenger road -service businesses, and mail-contract businesses —a regulation has been gazetted instructing licensing authorities when issuing new licenses or transferring existing ones to extend special consideration to ex-servicemen applicants. A procedure has been evolved in accordance with which the consideration of applications' from ex-servicemen by transport licensing authorities is assisted by recommendations in particular cases from local Rehabilitation Committees. 77. Of the industries directly concerning the Bureau of Industry steps to safeguard the interests of ex-servicemen similar to those taken under the transport licensing procedure have already been taken or are in the course of being taken in the cases of the fishing and motion-picture industries. As necessary it is hoped to make similar arrangements in the cases of the 30-odd remaining industries licensed under the Industrial Efficiency Act, and although it is recognized that it is not possible at this stage to secure the degree of provision for ex-servicemen that would have been possible had the procedures in question been introduced earlier much can still be done. (iii) Domestic and Foreign Business Supplies 78. Ex-servicemen assisted by the Board to establish or re-establish themselves in businesses dependent on domestic and/or foreign supplies, as well as ex-servicemen established without assistance, are receiving a limited degree of preference in the allocation of stocks. 79. In so far as the allocation of domestic stocks is concerned, such assistance as is being made available is being voluntarily accorded by wholesale and manufacturing organizations on the representations of the supply authorities or the officers of the Rehabilitation Department, but the degree of co-operation forthcoming from these organizations is not regarded by the Board as being entirely satisfactory. 80. In the cases of ex-servicemen about to set up or recommence businesses handling imported stock lines an arrangement has been made with the Customs Department whereby, as far as is consistent with the general import licensing policy and the legitimate claims of existing firms trading in the lines concerned, special consideration in the granting of import licenses is accorded ex-servicemen provided their applications are supported by the appropriate Rehabilitation Committee. (iv) Personal and Household Requirements 81. With the assistance of the Ministry of Supply the Board has been able to negotiate preference to ex-servicemen in the purchase of necessary personal and household goods such as clothing, blankets, linen, cutlery, building-materials, and a number of other lines indispensable to an ex-serviceman re-establishing or newly establishing a home. The Rationing Controller and his District Controllers have also co-operated gratifyingly in making necessary additional issues of appropriate coupons to purchase necessary goods. (v) Release and Purchase of Army Vehicles 82. Five years of war, accompanied by an almost complete cessation of the importation of motorvehicles, have greatly emphasized the difficulties faced by ex-servicemen, in common with civilians, in obtaining suitable motor-vehicles at reasonable prices. Accordingly the negotiation with the Ministry of Supply of an arrangement under which those ex-servicemen who are recommended by their Rehabilitation Committee receive a degree of priority in the release of Army vehicles and abatement of dealers' commission has been of distinct assistance to a number of ex-servicemen. Rehabilitation Committees support only those applications which are from ex-servicemen who require the vehicle for the successful pursuit of a business or calling which is such as to offer fair prospects of long-term rehabilitation, or from ex-servicemen who are so seriously disabled as to make the possession of a car indispensable. By this procedure the very limited number of suitable vehicles available for release is being used to the best advantage from the rehabilitation viewpoint. (vi) Employment 83. Considerable interest has been shown by the organizations concerned and the public in proposals of various kinds designed to give ex-servicemen preference in employment opportunities. In particular, attention has centred on proposals for the reservation of suitable forms of light employment for disabled ex-servicemen. 84. Adequate worthwhile employment opportunities are available to all fit ex-servicemen, and this position for civilian as well as ex-servicemen workers is expected to endure in the favourable environment created by the full employment objective of the Organization for National Development and the Government. Furthermore, at the present time with the sponsoring of rehabilitation trade and occupational training schemes and the provision of generous educational facilities the question of employment preference for fit ex-servicemen is rendered largely academic. 85. Importance is, however, attached by the Board to the creation of special employment opportunities for semi-fit or partially-disabled ex-servicemen. In the appropriate placement of this class of ex-servicemen there is already arising one of the more difficult rehabilitation problems. 86. The means by which it is hoped to secure absorption in private employment for this class of ex-serviceman are discussed in the following Section of this report—i.e., Employment. Preference to disabled servicemen is in the meantime being helpfully extended by many private employers on their own initiative, while, as far as the State Services are concerned, a definite policy of absorbing as many semi-fit and partially-disabled ex-servicemen as possible is being followed as a result of a Government decision made in response to representations of the Rehabilitation Board. Already a number of amputee and other seriously-disabled men. has been absorbed into specially-selected positions in the State Services, where they are being given every encouragement and consideration. (vii) Other Fields 87. It is inevitable that the question of particular arrangements for ex-servicemen will arise in a number of fields other than those already commented upon. The Board will endeavour to make such arrangements in these fields in the most effective and reasonable manner as the need arises. Emphasis is, however, placed on the desirability of keeping the question of preference for ex-servicemen in perspective with that arising from the needs of citizens as a whole.

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SECTION IX. EMPLOYMENT A. TRAINING FOR EMPLOYMENT (i) Administration 88. In February, 1944, the Board formally assumed direct responsibility for the administration of the Carpentry and Engineering Training Centres, until then operated by the Labour Department for the purpose of training auxiliary war workers. Some time before the taking-over of these training centres by the Board the trainees were almost entirely ex-servicemen, but in the pre-department period—i.e., up till November, 1943—the Board found it convenient to use the training service offered through the Labour Department by the Dominion Auxiliary Workers' Training Council. 89. The effect of taking over the various training centres by the Board was not only to relieve the Labour Department (as distinct from the National Service Department) of any functions relating to training and placement of workers, but was also to transfer in tolo the responsibility for the full-time training of adult workers, civilian as well as ex-servicemen, to the Rehabilitation Board. The administration of general employment matters remains the responsibility of the National Service Department as has been the position since its inception. 90. " A " Class training—i.e., full-time training of fit men in rehabilitation training centres—and the results recorded to date are discussed in a separate subsection which follows. 91. In the "B" Class training field—i.e., subsidized long-term training with selected private employers- the Department has been greatly assisted by the local Trade Training Advisory Committees which have been constituted for various trades in different localities as necessary. The requisite contracts of engagement have been drawn between the Board and the ex-serviceman on the one hand and the Board and the employer on the other. The progress of "B " Class training and questions arising out of this form of trade training are also dealt with below. 92. Early in the current year the administration of " C " Class training, the third form of trade training for fit men—i.e., completion of apprenticeship contracts interrupted by war service— was reviewed, and the joint responsibilities of the Labour Department in the matter of reviving the original contract, and the Rehabilitation Board in the payment of subsidy and supervision of training, were clearly defined. Likewise the financial and other obligations of the employer were clarified. Progress in this class of training is discussed in the subsection devoted to it. 93. Mr. A. J. Ridler, a returned soldier of the 1914-18 war, during the year was appointed as Controller of Rehabilitation Trade Training and Employment. Mr. Ridler's experience of employment matters is contributing materially to the success of the training and placement of ex-servicemen. (ii) " A " Class Training 94. Full-time training in Rehabilitation Trade Training Centres in the case of carpentry and footwear training, and at technical colleges in the case of engineering, including general engineering and welding, is now being imparted at one or more of seven centres -namely, Auckland, Rotorua, Napier, Petone, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin, At each, of these places there is a Rehabilitation Carpentry Training Centre operating, while in six other centres the establishment of a similar Centre is contemplated. Footwear-manufacturing is taught at Auckland only, and engineering courses are at present being taught at Auckland, Wellington, and Christchurch. The demand for footwear trainees has now lessened and the need for continuing the footwear school is at present under review. 95. If the demand for housing now and in the immediate post-war years is over-shadowed by any other demand, it is that for skilled construction workers. Since New Zealand dwellings are predominantly of wooden construction the implication as far as the call for carpenters and joiners is concerned is obvious. Other trades, especially those in the building industry, offer wide scope for training activity, but none is so clamant, or likely to become so, as the carpentry trade. For this reason the Board has in the main concentrated its " A " Class training on this trade. 90. The " A " Class training schedule envisages as a norm a theoretical plus practical training term of up to four months in the training*centre, after which the trainee proceeds to a further eight months of field-work on the erection of State houses under special supervision. During his four months' training at the centre and for the first four months of his improvership in the field the trainee is paid by the Rehabilitation Board at the rate of £5 ss. gross weekly. During the second four months improvership he is paid by the Board at the rate of £5 7s. 6d. gross per week, after which he is placed with a selected employer on approved carpentry work, for which he must be paid the full journeyman's wage. 97. At the present rate of construction " A " Class field trainees graduating from the seven carpentry training centres are erecting approximately one hundred and fifty dwellings per year, and approximately five hundred selected ex-servicemen trainees are passing through the centres annually. Field trainees are employed entirely on State housing contracts, and the contract procedure is for the Housing Department to credit the Rehabilitation Board with the usual labour share of the contract price and for the Board to meet the difference between this and the necessarily higher labour and overhead costs. As their field training term draws to its end there is generally little to distinguish the man-hour output of trainees from that of trained journeymen employed on similar work, while qualitative comparisons have been very favourable to the Board's trainees. It is expected that the number of State houses erected annually by " A " Class trainees will grow considerably as more centres are opened, while the cumulative total of dwellings erected by ex-servicemen trainees during and after their training has already made a worthwhile contribution to the solution of the shortage of accommodation for ex-servicemen. 98. Not the least difficulty in developing " A " Class training facilities as extensively and speedily as the Board would desire is that of obtaining sufficient competent instructing staff at the terms offered. Noticeable already in "A " Class carpentry training this difficulty will also attend every extension of "A " Class training. Temporary difficulty in acquiring an adequate stock of tools and equipment for instructional purposes is also at present a limiting factor in this form of training.

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99. Since the first ex-servicemen were admitted to the training centres in 1940 (then administered by the Labour Department) some 48 returned and 41 men from the home Forces have satisfactorily completed carpentry courses, and all of this number, except some few who could be regarded as irreducible wastage from the scheme, are reckoned in terms of their agreement to be still working at their trade. As at 31st March of this year 248 returned and 118 men from the home Forces were receiving tuition in carpentry centres or in the field. Similarly, 159 general engineering and welding ex-servicemen tradesmen and 36 boot and shoe ex-servicemen operatives have been trained and placed at their trade since 1940, while as at 31st March, 1944, the numbers of such trainees undergoing training were— general engineering and welding, 45 ; boot and shoo manufacturing, 18. 100. Table IX of Appendix II gives particulars of all " A " Class training applicants, trainees, and graduates into industry as at 31st March, 1944. (iii) " B " Class Training 101. Except in minor details it has not been found necessary to modify the "B " Class trade training procedure explained in the Board's last year's report. The only noteworthy development has been the relaxation of the original rule that " B " Class training would not be approved if " A " Class training facilities in the trade concerned were anywhere available. The training of married ex-servicemen who have served overseas or who have served for at least twelve months in New Zealand, with approved employers in their own localities is now permitted in consideration of the difficulty and inconvenience arising from the trainee's having to be away from home while undergoing training at the "A " Class Training Centre. Single men are, however, still expected to proceed to the " A " Class Training Centre where one exists for the trade concerned. 102. The local Trade Training Advisory Committees previously referred to are yielding valuable assistance to the Board and its officers in the pre-selection consideration of " B " Class trainees ; in the supervision of " B " Class contracts, and in the encouragement of ex-servicemen during their training period. These Committees are composed of representatives of the employers' and workers' organizations in the trade concerned, plus the District Rehabilitation Officer, and, as might be expected, the technical knowledge which such a Committee possesses, and the standing which it has with employers and workers, qualify it to exercise an important function in regard to rehabilitation trade training. 103. Since March, 1943, when " B " Class training was being provided in only a very few trades there has been a marked and gratifying extension of this form of training, both in the number of trades and skilled occupations concerned and in the number of traineeships approved in. these trades and occupations. At the present time "B " Class traineeships are current in no fewer than sixty-five trades and occupations, and this number of denominations affected leaves no doubt as to the wide scope which " B " Class training can be expected to cover as general demobilization is followed by training and placement in a large number of the skilled avocations. To attempt, to provide for " A " Class training in all of these callings —i.e., to attempt to establish specialized training centres for each of such callings would be manifestly undesirable. 104. While " A " Class training facilities have so far been provided only in those trades suitable for male workers this is not so where "B " Class training is involved. Here the policy is to provide training facilities in approved trades and occupations for ex-servicewomen as well as men. Although the number of " B " Class training engagements involving women is so far small it is anticipated that a number of the several thousand women at present serving with the Forces will wish to avail themselves of this form of assistance. 105. Table X of Appendix II gives details of "B" Class training applicants, trainees, and graduates into industry as at 31st March, 1944. (iv) " C " Class Training 106. The remaining separate form of training assisted by the Board is "C " Class training. As already remarked, this class of training, which is similar in method to " B " Class training, is confined to ex-servicemen resuming contracts of apprenticeship interrupted by war service. The number of apprentices who were old enough to be recruited to the Forces has been considerable, and correspondingly extensive provision will need to be made for ex-servicemen apprentices. 107. Before the promulgation of the Suspension of Apprenticeship Order Emergency Regulations in February of this year the responsibilities of previous masters to ex-servicemen apprentices wishing to resume interrupted contracts were defined in the 1.939 Suspension of Apprenticeship Orders Emergency Regulations and the amendments thereto gazetted in the subsequent war years. These regulations and their amendments obliged the previous master to re-engage the apprentice for a period to be determined in terms of the regulations, by the Labour Department's District Registrar of Apprentices, but the increased financial responsibility of the employer arising out of the Board's desire to ensure that all ex-servicemen trainees receive a reasonable living wage was not satisfactorily defined. Adherence to the terms of the original apprenticeship order would have limited the ex-serviceman to a juvenile's wage scale, and to clarify this aspect, as well as the general conditions surrounding the resumption of interrupted apprenticeships, the consolidated 1944 regulations were gazetted. 108. The consolidated Suspension of Apprenticeship Order Regulations envisage two sub-classes of " C " Class trainees —viz., those who are twenty-one years of age or more at the time of resuming their contract, and those who at such time have not attained adulthood. With both, sub-classes, if the apprentice at any time within six months of his release from the Forces seeks the resumption of his apprenticeship it is revived either for the term unexpired at the date of suspension or for three years, whichever is the shorter period. If the apprentice is twenty-one; or over or if the original contract would have expired had it not been suspended he is to receive full journeyman's wages during the remainder of his training—i.e., because of the policy of the Board to assume subsidy responsibility as mentioned later although such responsibility is not specifically laid upon the Board by the regulations in question. Of this amount the master is required to pay to the apprentice the weekly wage prescribed by the original apprenticeship order for the last six months of the contract plus onethird of the difference between this sum and the journeyman's weekly award wage. The remaining

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two-thirds of this difference is paid to the apprentice in the form of subsidy by the Rehabilitation Board. Where a resuming apprentice has not attained the age of twenty-one the original contract is revived, and for the purposes of determining the wage rate applicable he is credited with the full period of his service with the Forces. This contract continues in force either until it expires or until such time as the apprentice attains adulthood, whichever is the sooner, and in the event of the latter alternative prevailing the contract is revised to give similar consideration to the apprentice to that given the apprentice who is already an adult at the time of resuming his contract. 109. Table XI of Appendix II gives details of the " C " class training cases which had so far been dealt with by the Board as at 31st March, 1944. (v) Other Forms of Training 110. " A," " B," and " C " Class training cover almost all cases of trade and occupational training of fit ex-servicemen and ex-service women. However, for fit men training as farmers and as professional workers means are also provided in the first type of cases under the farm training and in the second under the education procedure. Each of these is dealt with in the appropriate section of the report. 111. The special training of semi-fit and permanently partially disabled ex-servicemen is also provided by means of a variant of the " A " and " B " Class procedures in the vocational centres administered by the Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League (Inc.) as an agent of the Board. An account of this form of training and the results being achieved is contained in the section of the report dealing with " The Disabled Ex-servicemen." Selective placement of semi-fit and partially-disabled men in specially chosen avocations in industry as contemplated by the Board (dealt with in Part B of this section of the report) will possibly involve special measures to assist the men in question to master the chosen occupations, and the Board is at present examining this question. (vi) The Trade Training Outlook 112. Influenced by the experience so far accumulated by it, as well as by information concerning the skilled labour content of the Forces and the broad pattern of economic reconstruction thus far tentatively outlined, the Board has already been able to draw some distinction between trades in which training ought to be accelerated and extended and those in which training should not be encouraged, or if encouraged, then only in particular predisposing circumstances. 113. First, it is evident that for some years after the war at least there will continue to be an extreme shortage of buildings of almost all kinds, but especially dwellings, public buildings, and industrial buildings. This fact must be recognized as one of the most striking and inevitable marks of national reconstruction and development, and, this being so, the need to train and place large numbers of constructional workers in all trades has no immediately foreseeable end. For this reason the Board will maintain its emphasis on training in the building trades, more particularly in carpentry, but also in bricklaying, painting, roof-tiling, plastering, plumbing, and wood-machining. Depletion of timber stocks and the growing importance of brick veneer work in housing construction focus particular attention on the training of bricklayers, and the opening of an " A " Class Bricklaying, Plastering, and Rooftiling Training Centre is at present under consideration by the Board. Arising out of the expansion of constructional activity there will be a parallel demand for skilled and semi-skilled workers in allied and feeder trades and industries, such as bushfelling and sawmilling, composition wall and exterior board manufacturing, glass, brick, poilite, and fibrolite ma,nufacturing, to mention only a few. Where the operations involved are not merely repetitive but call for definite training and acquisition of technical knowledge the Board will encourage the training of ex-servicemen in the trades or occupations concerned on a subsidy basis. 114. Secondly, trades and occupations ministering to the everyday needs of both ex-servicemen and civilians will require to be reviewed with the object of augmenting their skilled labour content where necessary. On this showing all of the furnishing trades, the catering trades, and the fishing and transport industries offer examples of definite scope for training activity on the part of the Board. Manufacture of furniture is at least as important as housing construction and is discussed in Section XIII of the report. 115. There are, however, already discernible trades and callings in which the Board is reluctant to train inexperienced ex-servicemen. These include such trades as motor engineering, radio servicing, and electrical wiring, in each of which many men have either been trained or semi-trained while in the Forces. The absorption of these men at these trades, and almost all of them will require further civilian training, might be more than can be reasonably undertaken and accordingly the training of other ex-servicemen in these trades, except in special circumstances, is being discouraged. 116. In certain trades and professions subject to licensing and control, notably plumbing, electrical wiring, massage, x-ray, and pharmacy, the Board must have regard to the limiting conditions imposed by the licensing authority. In the case of electrical wiring this aspect has been all but disposed of, but in certain of the other callings, and particularly in plumbing, in which trade the training of exservicemen will require to be most actively encouraged, these limiting considerations have not yet been disposed of to the satisfaction of the Board. In the case of the plumbing trade the Board has made certain representations to the New Zealand Plumbers Registration Board and to the trade concerning the minimum training term and other conditions of entry upon the trade, and these are the subject of negotiations. 117. As a matter of policy the Board is not subsidizing the employment of fit ex-servicemen as an employment promotion measure, but instead is limiting its training facilities to those trades and callings in which manual skill plus trade knowledge must be gathered over a somewhat lengthy term of training. Subsidies thus become compensation for absence of skill and experience, and as soon as these deficiencies are overcome the subsidy assistance is withdrawn. 118. Where it is feasible for an employer to engage and train unskilled ex-servicemen in terms of a " green labour " clause in the appropriate award or industrial agreement the Board will not ordinarily assist by the payment of a subsidy. Semi-skilled occupations in secondary industry and in commerce are, however, being increasingly favoured for training purposes where prospects of long-term engagement exist, while special assistance towards the training of men in callings requiring special skill or knowledge will be made available,

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B. PROVISION OF EMPLOYMENT (i) General Placement 119. The industrial absorption of fit ex-servicemen lias to date presented no problem. The general man-power shortage, together with the buoyant industrial conditions obtaining, has ensured the placement or self-placement of all ex-servicemen as they became fit and available. The extent to which this has been so is illustrated by Table XIII of Appendix 11, which shows the total of both fit returned and home service men and women awaiting placement as at 31st March, 1944, to be as low as 71. Even this figure would represent mainly the number of men and women available for placement at the end of a given period and the bulk of them would have been placed or self-placed shortly after the period in question. 120. Rehabilitation Officers have endeavoured, with considerable success, to dissuade men from postponing their establishment in more stable if less remunerative employment because of the lure of the relatively high wages of purely wartime jobs. 121. Table XII of Appendix II shows the industrial distribution of some 27,725 of the 4-2,656 ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen whose cases have been dealt with by the Rehabilitation Department. It also shows the stage and mode of disposal of the balance of 14,931 who for varying reasons are not in industry. It will be seen from this table that self-placement and self-establishment in own businesses have accounted for the industrial absorption of a much greater number of men than has placement by the Department. This is so, notwithstanding that many men who are shown as self-placed in employment or self-established in businesses or on farms have been so only after leaving one or more positions in which they were placed by the Department. Regardless of with whom lies the responsibility for their absorption it is evident from Table XTII (table showing stages in disposal of cases of all ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen whose cases have so far been dealt with) that the re-employment of fit ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen in New Zealand has so far given no cause for concern. (ii) Relations with Man-power Authorities 122. Although the regulations under which the industrial man-power procedure of the National Service Department is administered empower Man-power Officers to direct all ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen into suitable employment and to withhold consent to termination of employment, this power has not been used except in the cases of Grade I returned servicemen and home-servicemen generally. Grade 1 returned servicemen have in general been brought back for specific essential work. Thus while men demobilized after service in New Zealand only have generally been subject to manpower direction the majority of returned men —i.e., those medically graded lower than Grade I have been exempted from direction. It has been found that the operation of the general supply and manpower controls has tended to restrict the employment of non-directed returned men to essential or nearly essential employment, a conclusion supported by a comparison between the industrial destinations of returned (generally undirected) men and those of ex-home-servicemen (generally directed) shown in Table XII of Appendix 11. 123. The Board records its satisfaction at the harmonious co-operation extended by Man-power Officers in dealing with the cases of ex-servicemen subject to direction, and also in supplying Rehabilitation Officers with particulars of special vacancies notified by employers to them and likely to be suitable for ex-servicemen who might be available for placement. (iii) Intermediate Employment Schemes 124. While the re-employment of fit ex-servicemen has presented no groat problem it has already tended to be otherwise in so far as recuperating and partially-disabled men fit for light work only have been concerned. Of small magnitude, and in no way serious at present, this difficulty can be expected to grow greatly as further drafts of sick and wounded men are repatriated. 125. With the declared objective of providing suitable temporary therapeutic employment for recuperating ex-servicemen as a means of hastening their successful re-absorption into the industrial and social life of the community the Rehabilitation Board has obtained Cabinet approval to the establishment of local Intermediate Employment Schemes as necessary. One such local scheme is already in existence and others are being arranged. 126. Intermediate Schemes will generally be arranged with local bodies in co-operation with the local Rehabilitation Centre, and subsidy on the basis of labour-cost in respect of each man will be payable by the Board. As would be expected from the objective of the scheme, the local body or other employing authority would require to provide congenial light employment with facilities for work under cover in wet weather. Importance is attached to the; separation of Intermediate Scheme work from existing local authority works. The stipulation that an Intermediate Scheme will not be approved if its commencement would displace unsubsidized local-body employees arises from the necessity of distinguishing between civilian employment promotion works, which are not a concern of the Board, and the special recuperative employment envisaged under the Intermediate Scheme procedure. There is provision for the payment of award wages to Scheme employees ; rest pause and time off concessions where necessary ; review of individual cases aided by medical opinion ; and transfer to selected employment in industry as soon as readjustment and recuperation have proceeded sufficiently far. 127. Although only one such scheme (the Ocean Beach Intermediate Scheme) has so far been commenced, the results achieved from it have been so encouraging as to recommend the extension of the idea to other centres where the benefit of experiments at Ocean Beach will enure. 128. A recent survey of cases likely to benefit either from special after-care measures in a rest centre or from employment on Intermediate Schemes has put the Department in possession of the necessary information to negotiate schemes with local bodies in the centres indicated by the survey. m

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(iv) Selective Placement in Industry L 29. The Board has regarded the selective placement in industry of partially-disabled, and semifit men as following logically on such special provisions as institutional treatment and training-either on Intermediate Schemes or in the vocational centres managed by the Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League. 130. Consideration has been given to the possibility of reserving particular occupations for partially-disabled men, as has been done in the United Kingdom, and the procedure connected with the King's Roll in the United Kingdom, has also been investigated to determine the advisability or otherwise of its application to New Zealand. For varying reasons the idea of a King's Roll in New Zealand is not regarded as offering the same promise of success as apparently attends it in Britain. Instead the Board has determined on the compilation of a comprehensive industrial and occupational New Zealand monograph assembled with particular regard to those aspects bearing on the employment of the partially-disabled or semi-fit. With the detailed information that this monograph will yield the Board will be in a position to initiate a campaign for the selective placement of partially disabled men. 131. It is hoped that with the co-operation of employers and organizations of both employers and workers it will be possible to re-arrange substantially the labour content of industry in such a way as to give preference to the semi-fit and partially-disabled as far as particularly suitable vocations for" such men are concerned. By this means it should be possible to rehabilitate most of New Zealand's disabled ex-servicemen without prejudicing the chances of employment of fit civilians and without important diminution of output as far as the disabled men themselves are concerned. It is recognized that the Dominion's economy, because of its relative simplicity and lack of suitable secondary industries, will not offer the same scope for placement of semi-disabled men as would the more specialized economies of Great Britain and the United States, but, nevertheless, it is thought that much can be done in this direction even as far as New Zealand is concerned. Much importance is attached to the degree of co-operation volunteered by employers in carrying out this scheme, and it is considered that with such co-operation forthcoming the idea of a King's Roll may not need to be further urged. SECTION X.—EDUCATION (i) Administration 132. When the Department was established towards the close of 1943 an Education Section was set up in the Head Office, and the officer in charge thereof assumed the position of Secretary of the Board's Education Sub-committee. 133. The Rehabilitation Education Committee has been augmented during the last twelve months and now has seven members, including two representatives of the Board —viz., the Chairman and the Director of Rehabilitation —the Director of Education, the Vice-Chancellor of the University of New Zealand, the Director of the Army Education and Rehabilitation Service, the Director of the Air Force Educational Service, and a representative from the staff training section of the Public Service Commissioner's office.. 134. It has not been found necessary to make significant additions or modifications to the extensive educational facilities discussed in the Board's last report, but there has during the year under review been a marked increase in the number of applications for assistance. To ensure the efficient and understanding consideration of these applications a comprehensive administrative procedure involving the co-operation in all cases of district Vocational Guidance Officers or Honorary Education Advisers has been instituted. (ii) Applications received and Courses approved 135. To date 588 applications for educational assistance of one or another kind have been received. Of this number, 577 have been received during the last twelve months, betokening the considerable development already commented upon so far as this aspect of rehabilitation is concerned. Of the total applications received, 397 were successful, while of the balance of 180 a number of applicants though not granted all of the assistance applied for, were afforded modified assistance. The remainder were either unsuccessful altogether or withdrew their applications. 136. Table XIV of Appendix II gives details of facilities granted to ex-servicemen to date under the education procedure, while Table XV shows the distribution of students as between different courses in respect of which applications have so far been approved. (iii) Overseas Bursaries 137. Bursaries payable at £250 per annum sterling, plus tuition fees and expenses incurred in the purchase of books and material, have been awarded to five ex-servicemen for periods ranging from six months to three years. Bursaries of this kind are as a rule reserved for ex-servicemen who are sufficiently advanced in the line of study involved to pursue a course which would ordinarily be unavailable in New Zealand. Every ex-serviceman granted an overseas bursary is required to enter into a bond with the Board in terms of which he is obliged to pursue his profession or calling in. New Zealand for a stipulated period the duration of which is varied according to the extent of assistance granted. Consideration is at present being given to the question of how applications for overseas bursaries from members of the Forces who may still be overseas at the cessation of hostilities can best be handled. (iv) Prisoners of War 138. Study facilities for prisoners of war have been steadily improving, and arrangements have been made through the High Commissioner in London and the International Red Cross Society for the provision of text-books and other study material to New Zealand prisoners, r

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(v) Vocational Guidance 139. Since the. Board's last annual report was written there has been considerable development in the vocational guidance aspect of rehabilitation. The full-time Vocational Guidance Officers in the four main centres have been supplemented by part-time Honorary Education Advisers in thirty-five other centres, and they, as well as the Vocational Guidance Officers in the four centres, are not only co-operating with the rehabilitation organization in the consideration of applications for educational facilities, but are also providing in co-operation with Rehabilitation Officers valuable vocational advice to ex-servicemen. (vi) Refresher Courses 140. During the year the Board's Education Committee set up a special sub-committee to investigate the question of post-graduate refresher courses for ex-servicemen. Arising from these investigations the Board now has in hand the provision of refresher correspondence courses, short-term full-time lecture courses, and special overseas post-graduate courses. 141. The Victoria University College has, at the suggestion of the Board, instituted a refresher course for practising barristers and/or solicitors, and this commenced with the opening of the 194-4 University session. It is anticipated that similar courses in other professions may require to be introduced, and this subject is at present under consideration. (vii) Liaison with Education Services in the Forces 142. Among Home Service Army personnel, as well as Middle East and Pacific Army and Air Force members, the A.E.R.S. (Army Educational and Rehabilitation Service) is providing educational facitilities. In addition, the R.N.Z.A.F. Educational Service is providing tuition of various types to Navy and Air Force members in the Pacific, while arrangements are being made for the same service to impart tuition to personnel of all service arms in the United Kingdom. 143. As mentioned in an earlier section of this report, the A.E.R.S. representatives are conducting an education and rehabilitation census of all Army personnel, and it is hoped to extend this to Air Force and Navy members. The census forms when completed not only enable the A.E.R.S. to encourage men to pursue appropriate courses while in the Forces, but also put in the hands of the Board's Education. Committee detailed information concerning each applicant for rehabilatation educational assistance. This ensures that there is no hiatus between any course commenced while in the Forces and any undertaken through the Rehabilitation Scheme. It also enables more efficient consideration of applications from ox-servicemen for educational and other assistance. 14.4. A working arrangement has been made with the A.E..R.S. and the R.N.Z.A.F. Educational Service by which the Rehabilitation Board does not become responsible for providing education assistance until the serviceman is either discharged from the Forces or otherwise, for all practical purposes, permanently released therefrom. Up to this stage the responsibility to provide tuition remains with the A.E.R.S. or R.N.Z.A.F. Educational Service, whichever is involved. SECTION XI. FARM TRAINING AND SETTLEMENT (i) Administration 145. Following the reorganization of the Board and the establishment of the Department in 1943, a Farming Section was set up in the Head Office, and the officer in charge assumed the secretarial duties arising out of the work of the Farms Advisory Committee of the Board. 146. Towards the end of the year under review a comprehensive farm training and settlement procedure was introduced, and an important aspect of this was the constitution of some fifty-five local farming sub-committees to co-operate with the local Rehabilitation Committees in the consideration of applications and in the making of recommendations to the Executive Committee of the Board. The creation of specialist local Farming Committees has not taken away from the appropriate Rehabilitation Committee the function of recommending the degree of assistance which the ex-serviceman might be granted, but has ensured that in the grading of applicants and the decision as to what further training, if any, may be required the specialized experience and knowledge of men intimately connected with the farming industry will lie obtained. 147. Although it has been operating for only a short time, the farm training and settlement procedure is working efficiently and is readily able to cope with the considerable number of applications already being received. Indications to date arc that a large number of men arc likely to come forward for training and/or settlement during the year 1944-45. (ii) Application and Grading Procedure 148. The application and grading procedure now in force is summarized thus : each applicant for assistance is referred by the District Rehabilitation Officer to the local Rehabilitation Committee, which considers whether the circumstances of his case ;j ustify his establishment or re-establishment on his own account. Since training facilities are not generally granted to men who are not also to be established on. their own farms all applications must first be considered from this angle. If the Rehabilitation Committee considers that the applicant merits establishment, he is referred to the appropriate Farming Sub-committee. Frequently for the convenience of applicants the Rehabilitation Committee and the Farming Sub-committee sit together. The Sub-committee, which is made up of an experienced farmer nominated by the local Rehabilitation Committee as chairman, and representatives of the State Advances Corporation and the Lands and Survey Department, then recommends the grading of the applicant " A," " B," " C," or " D." These grading letters, as explained in the Board's last report, signify : — " A " —Fully experienced and qualified for immediate settlement. " B " —Partly experienced but in need of further training before settlement would be prudent. " C "—lnexperienced, but suitable for training with a view to ultimate settlement. " D " —Not suitable, for one or more reasons, for settlement.

2 11. 18.

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149. When a definite application for training and/or settlement is received it is dealt with by the Farms Committee of the Board immediately. " Following determination of eligibility, and grading, which is always related to the districts and types of farming in which the ex-serviceman may have had former experience, he is provided with an Eligibility and Grading Certificate, which entitles him to apply for training and/or settlement in the type of farming and in the districts indicated in this certificate, thus dispensing with the need for subsequent interviewing and grading. (iii) Training Facilities available 150. Men graded " A " require no further training, but " B " and " C " Grade men must undergo prescribed training before they can be regraded to " A." It is a function of the local Subcommittee concerned, when considering grading, to recommend what further training ought in its opinion to be undertaken before settlement. Training measures include : — (a) Subsidized training with approved private farmer employers ; (b) Training on blocks being developed by the Lands and Survey Department; (c) Training on Rehabilitation Board training farms ; (d) Training at agricultural colleges. 151. The subsidized training of men with private farmers is facilitated by the co-operation of the Returned Services' Association and other organizations in nominating farmers who are both willing and suitable to engage one or more trainees. Nominated farmers who are subsequently approved by the local Farming Sub-committee engage trainees under the following-wage and subsidy scale

152. The Farming Sub-committee is required to nominate the term of training, and the gross commencing wage and corresponding subsidy rate are fixed after reference to the farming experience, if any, of the trainee. The training term nominated by the Sub-committee may be varied according to the progress of the trainee. 153. Where a married trainee is provided by the employer with satisfactory separate housing accommodation, the employer's contribution is reducible by 10s. weekly. Any adjustment on account of meat, milk, &c., being supplied by the farmer is a matter for negotiation between the farmer and the trainee. 154. The training of " B " and " C " Grade applicants on blocks of land administered by the Lands and Survey Department is effected by the engagement of the trainee at the instance of the Farming Sub-committees. This method is an alternative to training with private farmers and the conditions of employment are the same, the Lands and Survey Department being regarded for this purpose as a private farmer. 155. Trainees placed on one or other of the two training farms (Homewood at Te Puke and Wairarapa near Masterton) administered on behalf of the Board are employed for as long as may be necessary on the indicated class of work. Such trainees are paid in full by the Board on the following basis : single men, £3 per week and found ; married men, £4 per week, plus free house and bulk furniture, and Cabinet authority has been sought (since obtained) to bring the emolument of these trainees into line with that of trainees on private farms. The number of men who can be trained on these two farms is necessarily small, and the emphasis as far as choice of method is concerned must therefore be on training on private and State-owned properties. 156. Full-time tuition at Lincoln and Massey Agricultural Colleges, where it is approved, is provided under the conditions and for the periods appropriate to the available courses. While pursuing such courses student-trainees are paid at the following rates by the Board : single men, £2 per week, plus board and lodgings ; married men, £4 per week, plus board and lodgings (for students only). In addition, the Board meets the college fees and expenses incurred in connection with books, instruments, and other study material—i.e., under the education procedure. Only men with satisfactory practical experience are approved for courses at the agricultural colleges. Ihe value of refresher courses for fully-experienced men who have not practised farming for a considerable period is recognized by the Board and the local Farming Sub-committees, and these cases are also provided for. (iv) Training Results 157. As the Board's training and settlement procedure has been in operation for only a short time the number of men who have completed one or another form of training is, as would be expected, small and comprises mainly men who have pursued relatively short-term refresher courses at the agricultural colleges. To date sixteen men have completed training of one or another kind and have been graded " A," while six men have discontinued training. As at 31st March, 1944, there was a total of seventy-three men undergoing training of various kinds. 158. Table XVI of Appendix II gives detailed information concerning applications for farming and/or settlement; trainees undergoing training; and trainees who have completed training or who have discontinued it.

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Extra where Farmer's Share „ . , TI7 Board and Board (including Period. Wage. Lodgings riot i0ta1. Subsidy. Board and provided. Lodgings). _ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. First six months .. .. .. 3 15 0 1 5 0 5 0 0 2 10 0 2 10 0 Second six months .. .. 3 17 6 150 526 1 15 0 376 Third six months.. .. .. 426 150 576 1 7 6 400 Fourth six months .. .. 450 150 5 10 0 176 426

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(v) Settlement Facilities available 159. Settlement may be assisted by any one of three methods thus : (a) by establishment as a freehold farmer or by purchase of an existing lessee's interest in a leasehold ; (b) by establishment as a Crown lessee on a single-unit farm acquired by the Crown under section 51 of the Servicemen's Settlement and Land Sales Act; (c) by establishment as a Crown lessee on a subdivision of property acquired by the Land Settlement Board under the provisions of the Small Farms Act. 160. An " A " Grade applicant may apply for a loan to purchase any single-unit farm which is available for sale, provided it is in the locality and of the type in respect of which he has been graded. A single-unit farm is defined as a farm which, when fully developed, will not be capable of subdivision into two or more economic holdings. 161. The general limit for farm loans is £5,000, including finance for stock and chattels, but in the case of sheep-farms the limit is extended to £6,250. The interest-rates charged are :— Farms. —4J per cent., except during the first year of the term of the loan when the rate is 2 per cent, and in the second, third, and fourth years when it is 3 per cent. Stock and Chattels. —5 per cent, except during the first year when the rate is 2f per cent. 162. Where an ex-serviceman has been granted a loan to acquire a farm, but is financially embarrassed pending the receipt of farm income, the Rehabilitation Loans Committee may grant seasonal advances on current account to tide the borrower over this difficult period. 163. Where " A " Grade applicants are established on single-unit properties acquired by the Crown under section 51 of the Servicemen's Settlement and Land Sales Act the mode of establishment is leasehold tenure in terms of the Small Farms Act, 1932 33. The lease provided for under this Act is of thirty-three years' duration, but is perpetually renewable. The rent is based on the unimproved vaiue and "is fixed at 2 per cent, of that value during the first year of the lease at 3 per cent, during the second and third years, and at 4 per cent, thereafter. The value of improvements is secured, by a mortgage administered by the State Advances Corporation on behalf of the Board, and up to 100 per cent, of the cost of stock and chattels may bo advanced. The interest rates in these cases are the same as those referred to in paragraph 161. 164. In those cases where the ex-serviceman is established as a Crown tenant on subdivisions of properties acquired under the Small Farms Act disposal of the subdivision is by ballot, which is confined to men graded " A " for the particular district and for the class of farm for which the subdivisions are best suited. The Lands Settlement Board, together with representatives of the Rehabilitation Board, comprises a Land Settlement Committee to control the purchase of land for subdivision and settlement thereon of ex-servicemen. Any further development work on subdivisions prior to balloting is undertaken by the Land Settlement Board. The tenure provided for is the same as that for single-unit properties acquired under the Servicemen's Settlement and Land Sales Act. (vi) Settlement Results 165. To date a total of 264 men has been established as farmers. Of this number 255 were established as freeholders or by purchase of the existing lessees' interests in leasehold assisted by loans, and 9as lessees on subdivisions allocated under the Small Farms Act. Since the number of ex-servicemen established before Ist April, 1943, was very small there has been no attempt to distinguish between the figures for the twelve months just ended and the cumulative total. 166. At the outbreak of war the Lands and Survey Department had under development a total area of 200,000 acres, comprising private land purchased and Crown land set apart for improvement, subdivision,' and settlement under the Small Farms Act, 1932-33, and the Land Laws Amendment Act, 1929. Included in this land is property comprising reverted securities, the reconditioning of which is in progress. 167. Much of this land will be suitable for settlement by ex-servicemen, but the exact area cannot be determined until the development programmes are further advanced. A rough estimate of the suitable area would be between 80,000 acres and 100,000 acrcs. 168. Soon after the outbreak of war a decision was made to proceed with the purchase of reasonably-priced privately-owned properties capable of ultimate subdivision into two or more economic units, and to the 31st March properties totalling 56,000 acres had been so acquired. Of these, only one, the Te Tawa Block in the Bay of Plenty comprising two dairy units, had been settled at the 31st March. The others were still controlled by the Land Settlement Board, which, was proceeding with their development in readiness for settlement For reasons beyond the control of the Government these development programmes could not be completed as quickly as desired. Japan's entry into the war produced serious deficiencies in the supply of essential materials, particularly of fertilizers, fencing-wire, piping, and building requisites, and in consequence the Land Settlement Board was forced into the position of restricting its land purchase and development operations. However, both the Land Settlement Board and the Rehabilitation Board fully realize the urgent demand there is, and will be, for properties, by returned servicemen, and every endeavour is being made to complete development programmes as quickly as circumstances will permit. 169. A total of £470,006 has been expended on the purchase, development, and miscellaneous charges involved in connection with the properties allocated and others purchased for settlement purposes but not yet available for allocation. 170. Table XVII of Appendix II gives the number of ex-servicemen established to date on farms of various kinds under the two methods discussed herein. (vii) Servicemen's Settlement and Land Sales Act, 1943 171. The purpose of the Act was to enable the acquisition of land for the settlement of discharged servicemen and to provide for the control of sales and leases of land m order to facilitate the settlement of discharged servicemen, as well as to prevent undue increases in the price of land, undue aggregation of land, and its use for speculative or uneconomic purposes.

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172. The Act is therefore an important rehabilitation measure, and by providing for the control of sales and purchases it ensures that land will be available to discharged servicemen at economic prices. Already there is ample evidence that the Act has had a steadying effect on land-prices. 173. Properties that are capable of subdivision into two of more economic units may bo acquired compulsorily provided : — (a) That the owner shall have the right to retain any part of the land constituting an economic holding and containing the homestead (if any) or, at the owner's option, any smaller area containing the homestead. (?;) That during the present war the land of any serviceman who is for the time being serving outside New Zealand in any of His Majesty's Forces or in any British ship shall not be so taken. Native land is expressly excluded from the operation of this part of the Act. 174. Provision is made for any property that is the subject of an application to the Land Sales Court for consent to transfer to be acquired for rehabilitation purposes. 175. At the date of this report no properties have been so far acquired under this authority, but a number has been under consideration. (viii) The Settlement Outlook 176. The war situation to-day, from all reports, is not dissimilar to that of late 1918, when there were indications of the prospective early return of large numbers of servicemen who would show interest in various forms of farming. 177. However, the scope for land-settlement then and now is not comparable. In the period of peace between the two wars the bulk of the Crown land of reasonable quality has been disposed of under varying forms of tenure, and what remains offers limited field for additional settlement, particularly by ex-servicemen who have been, assured that they will not be asked to expend their time and energies fighting Nature on lands of inferior quality. Admittedly agricultural science has advanced over the last twenty years to an extent sufficient to justify the hope that areas once despised because of their apparent infertility, notably the lands in the pumice belt, can now be successfully settled provided they are handled in accordance with proven practice. 178. The purchase of existing single-unit farms by ex-servicemen will not solve the problem of providing for all those who are qualified, or likely to become qualified, for farm settlement. Those owners who are replaced by this form of settlement in. many cases retire or look to some other trade or calling for their livelihood, but others again go on the market for some other type of property and add to the competition, for the comparatively limited number of suitable properties offering. 179. What is the possible solution of the unsatisfied demand for land by ex-servicemen ? Seemingly it lies in the acquisition and closer settlement of properties at present held in private ownership by persons whose total holdings are more than sufficient for the economic needs of themselves and their dependants. A limiting factor for the time being towards rapid development of a plan along these lines is the shortage of materials referred to elsewhere in this report. Moreover, in any plan for closer subdivision of existing holdings, due regard must be had to the fact that, in more than isolated instances, the cost of subdivision and the incidental expense of providing additional buildings and settlement facilities cannot be fully recovered in the capital loadings allocated to the individual sections. The increased production does not in every case bridge the gap between costs and disposal values. 180. The encouragement of diversified farming appears to offer a partial solution of the problem, in that it will or should enable the settler to obtain a reasonable income from a much smaller area. Diversified farming must, however, be allied with industrial development—e.g., the extension of the canning and dehydration industries to ensure a market for produce beyond the immediate capacity of the local "markets and New Zealand's capacity to absorb products. 181. The Rehabilitation Board is paying particular attention to the question of land-settlement in all its branches, and its decisions and policy will bo guided always by expert opinion and research. 182. Many ex-servicemen have disclosed more.than a passing interest in co-operative farming, and the Board is investigating the merits of this form of settlement. SECTION XII.—FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE A. LOANS (i) Administration 183. The State Advances Corporation has continued to act as the agent of the Rehabilitation Board in the provision of financial assistance to ex-servicemen, and, consequent on the re-organization of the Board in March, 1944, a Rehabilitation Loans Committee was appointed comprising the Director of Rehabilitation ; Messrs. A. D. Park and T. N. Smallwood (Joint Managing Directors of the Corporation); Mr. C. W. Batten (Rehabilitation Board Member); the Under-Secretary of Lands ; and the Secretary to the Treasury. This Committee has been authorized to carry out the functions of the Rehabilitation Board as contained in sections 10 (2) and 11 (1) of the Rehabilitation Act, 1941, and is subject to the formal control of the Board as explained in para. 5 of this report. 184. There has been close collaboration between. District Officers of the Corporation and the local Committees, of which District Rehabilitation Officers are ex officio members. This has assisted generally in the consideration of applications for financial assistance, and the benefit of these arrangements will be obtained as the newly-appointed committees become fully acquainted with the Board's policy. In the first instance the local Committees furnish their recommendation on the application particularly as affecting the question of eligibility for the assistance applied for, and it is their responsibility to see that all relevant facts are taken into consideration. Any applicant dissatisfied with the decisions of a local Committee has a right to appeal to the Rehabilitation Board, and likewise, if the Loans Committee is unable to approve the recommendation of the local Committee, the latter may submit a report direct to the Board.

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(ii) Loan Facilities available 185. The following is a summary showing generally the limits within which the Rehabilitation Loans Committee now operates, and the interest rates and concessions applicable to each type of loan : — (a) Loans for tools of trade : Up to £50, free of interest. (b) Loans for the purchase of furniture : Up to £100, free of interest. (c) Loans for the purchase of businesses : Up to £500, with interest at 4£ per cent, with a reduction to 2 per cent, for the first year. (N.B.—Consideration will be given to increasing the limit amount for loans of this type provided the venture is regarded as essential from the national viewpoint and provided the business is not capable "of absorbing more than one operator.) (d) Loans for the purchase of farms and stock : Up to £5,000 as a going concern. For a sheep-farm this may be increased to £6,250. Interest on land loans to be at the rate of ,4-j- per cent., with a reduction to 2 per cent, for the first year and 3 per cent, for the three subsequent years. (e) Loans for the separate purchase of stock : Up to £1,500. Interest on stock loans at the rate of 5 per cent., with a reduction to 2f per cent, for the first year. (f) Loans for the purchase or erection of houses : Up.to £1,500, with interest at the rate of per cent., reducible to 2 per cent, for the first year and 3 per cent, for the second year. 186. Loans are granted by the Rehabilitation Loans Committee for the purchase or erection of houses or for the purchase of farms and stock, and the guarantee given by the Government enables the Board to make loans up to 100 per cent, of value for rehabilitation purposes. Loans for businesses, furniture, and tools of trade are made from funds provided by Treasury from the War Expenses Account. Loans are also available for rehabilitation purposes in cases where ex-servicemen require finance to effect necessary improvements to existing farms or house property. Loans for re-financing of existing mortgages are not available unless there are special justifying circumstances, such as reduction in the earnings of the ex-serviceman arising out of a service disability, unusually high interest rates, or some other conditions that are considered unduly onerous. These loans do not normally carry interest concessions. 187. In addition to the foregoing concessions, assistance is being given to ex-servicemen as under (a) The contribution of 2 per cent, which is required from other borrowers from the Corporation is now being paid on behalf of ex-servicemen from the War Expenses Account; (b) A right of repayment of amounts of principal in excess of instalments is granted to ex-servicemen with interest adjustments at instalment dates ; (c) Registration fees in connection with loans granted to ex-servicemen and stamp duties on mortgages from ex-servicemen have now been waived ; (d) The New Zealand Law Society has agreed to a special reduced scale of fees for preparation of mortgages and instruments of security in respect of rehabilitation loans ; (e) Reports and valuations of businesses for the purchase of which ex-servicemen require loan finance have been furnished by public accountants at a reduced scale of fees. 188. Where application is made for a loan for the purchase of a farm or for the purchase or erection of a house and the price approved by the Land Sales Committee or (as the case may be) the cost of acquiring the section and erecting the dwelling exceeds the normal lending-value of the property as determined by the Loans Committee, the difference may in appropriate cases be advanced by way of interest-free loan, repayable only in the event of sale of the security. This arrangement is known as the supplementary loans provision. The purpose of this is to enable the purchase of properties, as far as possible, at pre-war values, it being' recognized that values accepted for transfer by Land Sales Courts need only conform to values as at December, 1942 (the date of the introduction of the stabilization plan). The Board has approved applications for retrospective supplementary loans provided that they have not pre-dated December, 1.942, and in some few cases where hardship has been established supplementary accommodation in respect of loans negotiated before that date has been granted. (iii) Lending Results 189. Table XVIII of Appendix II gives details of the loans granted by the Rehabilitation Loans Committee during the year and the total of all loans approved since the inception of the scheme. It reveals that a total of £1,972,740 has to date been expended by the Loans Committee on behalf of the Board. Of this sum, £1;595,552 have been disbursed during the twelve months ended 31st March, 1944. (iv) The Lending Outlook 190. With increasing numbers of ex-servicemen returning to civil life it follows that the problems attending the provision of financial assistance will also increase. It has been the policy of the Rehabilitation Board to give preference to applications from men with the greatest service, particularly in battle zones, and the needs of those men still overseas are not being overlooked. It has been recognized that in order to ensure that there may be available for such men a fair share of the better class of farms, homes, ox businesses it will be necessary to defer the applications of men with a lesser degree of service. 191. This policy does not, of course, preclu4e the immediate consideration of deserving cases irrespective of service where the assistance required will place the applicant back in his pre-service position. This is rehabilitation in the truest sense. 192. The ultimate intention of the Board is, of course, to make suitable provision for all servicemen and servicewomen whose period of service, disability, or loss of opportunity justify the granting of assistance. This eventually will certainly include all men and women who have served outside New Zealand.

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B. GRANTS (i) Facilities available and Procedure 193. It has not been necessary to vary the extent of assistance available through the medium of compassionate grants since the Board's last report was prepared. Cases of indigence or particular hardship may be assisted by a special grant provided that there is no alternative method of repairing the situation. Where financial assistance is desired to purchase farms, businesses, dwellings, tools of trade, furniture, or other property necessary to the rehabilitation of the ex-serviceman it is expected that the loan facilities already referred to will be availed of. 194. Local Rehabilitation Committees continue to exercise the powers of making grants of up to £10 on hardship grounds and of recommending to the Board the making of any grants in excess of this sum. Grants of up to £10 are disbursed by the appropriate Rehabilitation Officer as soon as the Rehabilitation Committee decides to make them, and this procedure meets the most urgent cases satisfactorily. (ii) Grants made 195. Fortunately, provision by way of grants above mentioned has had to be made in only a relatively small number of cases. To date a total of £2,378 has been disbursed, and all of this amount .was paid out during the last twelve months. 196. Table XIX of Appendix II details the grants made by Committees and by the Board during the year ended 31st March, 1944. SECTION XIII. HOUSING AND FURNITURE (i) General 197. The housing situation for ex-servicemen, as for civilians, remains most difficult. The considerable number of building-trade workers who are still in the Armed Forces; shortage of labour in all constructional trades as well as in feeder industries ; the near impossibility of obtaining certain necessary supplies from overseas ; and the rapidly increasing number of ex-servicemen seeking housing accommodation combine to provide the explanation for this situation. 198. Partial alleviation of the housing situation for ex-servicemen has been made possible by the allocation to ex-servicemen of 50 per cent, of all State rental dwellings becoming available ; the granting of financial assistance to ex-servicemen for the erection of new dwellings or the purchase of existing ones ; and, finally, by the actual erection of State houses by ex-servicemen building trade trainees. 199. The outlook is for a persisting shortage of housing for some time yet to come, although the part which an intensification of building activity and trade training can play in overtaking the shortage is obvious. Accordingly, the Board, in co-operation with the Ministries of Works and National Service, is sponsoring all measures ensuring the availability of greater stocks of building materials and a greater supply of building trades and allied workers. (ii) Allocation of State Rental Dwellings 200. Local Rehabilitation Committees have continued to allocate 50 per cent, of all State rental dwellings becoming available to those ex-servicemen whose' cases are most urgent and deserving. Between September, 1942, when the preferential allocation of dwellings to ex-servicemen was introduced, and the 31st March of this year a total of 1,429 dwelling units had been allocated. Despite this, however, there remain 2,678 unsatisfied ex-servicemen applicants for State houses. The fact that unsatisfied ex-servicemen applicants numbered, only 619 on 3.lst March, 1943, measures the increasing seriousness of the housing problem, as it affects ex-servicemen. 201. Table XX of Appendix II gives details on a district basis of the number of State rental dwellings allocated to ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen to date and during the twelve months ended 31st March, 1944. (iii) Assisted Erection of Dwellings 202. Loan accommodation with, a limit of £1,500 is provided to approved ex-servicemen applicants for the purpose of erecting new dwellings. Inside this limit the Board is, where necessary, granting by way of loan up to 100 per cent of the ruling pre-war cost for such a house and is also granting a supplementary loan to cover any increase in building costs arising out of wartime conditions. Supplementary loans are discussed more fully in Section XII of the report, which deate with financial assistance. At present there is some restriction oil building activity on behalf of individuals, but the Government has directed that the Building Controller give special consideration to applications for building permits received from ex-servicemen. Provided the proposed dwelling does not exceed the actual space requirements of the ex-serviceman and his family, and subject to use of certain materials, there is little difficulty in his obtaining a permit. Again, in the supply of timber, which is also subject to control, the ex-serviceman who has been granted a building permit receives special consideration. 203. To date 122 private dwellings have been erected by ex-servicemen assisted by the Board, and 103 of this number have been erected during the last twelve mouths. 204. Table XYIII of Appendix II apportions between districts the. number of new dwellings erected with the assistance of the Board.

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(iv) Assisted Purchase of Existing Dwellings 205. Similar loan accommodation to that granted to ex-servicemen erecting new dwellings is made available in cases of purchase of existing dwellings, the sale and purchase in each case being approved by the appropriate Lands Sales Committee. Since supplementary loans, where they are necessary, are made free of interest and do not require to be repaid while the ex-serviceman or his dependants occupy the dwelling as a home he is in effect able to purchase a house and avoid being involved in any greater weekly or monthly payment than would have required to be made in 1939 for the purchase of a similar dwelling. 206. To date 746 dwellings have been purchased by ex-servicemen assisted by the Board, and 573 of this total were purchased during the twelve months ended 31st March, 1944. 207. Table XVIII of Appendix II shows the number of assisted purchasers of dwellings in various districts to date and during the twelve months just ended. (v) Furniture 208. The difficulty faced by ex-servicemen in securing suitable reasonably priced furniture is second only to that of obtaining housing accommodation. 209. To date 2,023 men have been granted furniture loans by the Board (the corresponding figure for the twelve months ended 31st March, 1944, was 1,446). 210. It is apparent that if the growing needs of ex-servicemen are to be satisfactorily met the manufacture of furniture must be accelerated and at the same time reasonable standards in construction and materials will require to be observed. In this regard certain prescriptions have been drawn up by the Standards Institute and the Board proposes that these should be applied in all cases of assisted purchase of furniture by ex-servicemen. 211. The close relationship of the output of furniture with the supply of skilled labour in the furniture-manufacturing industry has prompted the Board to stimulate the training of ex-servicemen in the furniture trades wherever this has been possible. SECTION XIV.—SPECIAL PROVISION FOR MAORI EX-SERVICEMEN (i) Administration 212. Last year it was reported that the same rehabilitation facilities as were available to pakeha ex-servicemen were also open to Maori ex-servicemen, but that, in addition, special measures to provide for their social needs were planned. 213. During the last twelve months a detailed administrative procedure has been introduced by the Board in co-operation with the Native Department, other interested State Departments, and Maori Tribal Executive Committees. This procedure is a dual one in the sense that an alternative method is open to Maori ex-servicemen to seek any form of assistance afforded by the Board. The first alternative is that the ex-serviceman proceed through the general channels as do pakehas. The second is that he apply through the special channels devised to meet the particular needs of Maori ex-servicemen, and it is probable that the bulk of Maoris will prefer the specially created channels. Choice of one or other method of application does not affect the extent of assistance likely to be forthcoming. 214. The special organizational facilities'created for the use of Maori ex-servicemen present both a local and a national aspect. In the local field the Tribal Executive Committee assists the ex-service-men to lodge his application for the desired facility with the District Registrar of the Native Department. The latter, on the basis of his Farm Supervisor's report, if it is a matter affecting land settlement, as it very often is, reports on the application to the Maori Rehabilitation Finance Committee. The Maori Rehabilitation Finance Committee is a Joint Committee of the Rehabilitation Board and the Board of Native Affairs. It is the national organization which decides applications for various forms of assistance received through the special, as distinct from the general channels. The Head Office of the Native Department puts into operation the decisions of the Maori Rehabilitation Finance Committee. Emphasis is laid by the Rehabilitation Board on the necessity for uniformity in the consideration given applications for assistance, whether received through the general channels or those created for the specific use of Maori ex-servicemen. 215. It has been found desirable to appoint a number of Maori Rehabilitation Officers. These officers, to date six in number, are attached to various Rehabilitation Offices which are centres of Maori population. They visit the villages in their district and contact every ex-serviceman. Thus they are able to assume the role of " Guide, Counsellor, and Friend " to Maori ex-servicemen just as do the European Rehabilitation Officers in the cases of Pakeha ex-servicemen. In addition, a Maori section has been established in the Head Office of the Department to co-ordinate the work of Maori Rehabilitation Officers. The policy of appointing returned ex-servicemen as Rehabilitation Officers has been adhered to in the cases of all appointments of Maori Rehabilitation Officers ; indeed, all Maori officers appointed to date have served in the Middle East in the 28th Maori Battalion. 216. Under each of the headings already dealt with in the previous sections of this report subjectmatter of particular relevance to Maori rehabilitation has been discussed. In the absence of specific comment under others of the headings already dealt with it can be assumed that the provision made for Maori ex-servicemen has been the same as that for ex-servicemen generally. (ii) Employment 217. The special training of Maoris in the " A " class Maori Carpentry Trade Training Centre at Ohinemutu has continued since the Board's last report. At present there are under training at the centre, thirty-one ex-servicemen. 218. In addition to the Carpentry Centre at Ohinemutu (Rotorua) it is the Board's intention to open a similar school at Gisborne to provide for the carpentry training of East Coast Maoris, and at Kaikohe to meet the needs of North Auckland Maori ex-servicemen. The shortage of tool-supplies has compelled the Board to postpone the establishment of these and other similar (pakeha) schools in the meantime.

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219. In the employment field generally the placement or self-placement of Maori ex-servicemen has so far presented little difficulty. This position is, however, likely to become less satisfactory as greater numbers of Maori ex-servicemen are demobilized and concentrated in Native communal areas and as the general shortage of agricultural and allied labour in such localities is overcome. The placement of Maori ex-servicemen who transfer to European centres of population presents no problem, but, inasmuch as a wholesale shift of native population to European centres is neither practicable nor desirable from the viewpoint of the Maoris, the employment problem becomes increasingly one of providing industrial openings in proximity to Maori-settlements. As the land areas occupied by Maori communities, even if fully developed, could not provide , all with the desired standard of living, the need appears to be for positive action in the direction of establishing small scale industrial and handicraft ventures close to centres of Maori population. This need is at the core of the entire Maori question, and it affects Maori ex-servicemen returning to Native communities just as it affects the other members of such communities. 220. Table XXV of Appendix II gives details of the progress reached in dealing with the 765 returned servicemen and 1 returned servicewoman and 509 home servicemen and 11 women whose cases have so far been handled. (iii) Farm Training and Land-settlement 221. Although native lands are not in all districts sufficient to provide all Maoris with a reasonable standard of living, much importance is attached to agricultural policy in Maori rehabilitation, and the Maori Rehabilitation Finance Committee is acquiring lands for the settlement of Maori ex-servicemen just as is the Lands Department for the settlement of pakeha ex-servicemen. To date only one considerable property, the Carroll Estate of 1,700 acres in the Hawke's Bay, has been acquired for this purpose, but other properties are to be purchased as necessary. 222. Clarification of ownership of Native lands presents a difficulty in establishing Maori exservicemen, and already it is evident that two approaches to the question are possible. First, there is that which seeks to individualize land and after development place single ex-servicemen on it as freehold farmers or Crown lessees in somewhat the same way as is done with European ex-soTvicemen settlers. The second approach is that which, recognizing the joint title under which much Native land is held and the suitability of communal endeavour for Maori people living in Maori communities, seeks to develop jointly held property on a co-operative basis and establish ex-servicemen within the framework of such co-operative endeavour. This latter approach involves an overlapping of the problems of Maori ex-serviceman settlement and Native settlement generally, but unless the joint owners of land are all ex-servicemen this overlapping is inevitable. 22.3. While the training and establishment of ex-servicemen on single unit holdings is the more orthodox method and therefore the one more readily followed, the Rehabilitation Board, in co-operation with the Board of Native Affairs, is directing research into the second approach. 224. Thus far few Maori ex-servicemen have been established on farms, but several have been graded under the European procedure and are at present undergoing training of one or another kind. 225. Table XVI of Appendix 11, which gives details of ail farm trainees, includes the several Maori trainees so far in training. (iv) Housing 226. Maori ex-servicemen have equal opportunity with pakeha ex-servicemen in the allocation of State rental dwellings and in the provision of financial assistance to purchase existing dwellings or erect new ones. Where finance is provided for the erection of a dwelling importance is attached to the continuous availability of employment in the locality in question. 227. The problem of Native housing is, if anything, more acute than the general housing problem. In an attempt to provide an immediate partial solution special arrangements have been made by the Maori Rehabilitation Finance Committee for the assembly of temporary dwellings constructed from disused service hutments. This provision is of a temporary nature only and is not regarded by the Rehabilitation Board as offering a final solution to the housing difficulties of Maori ex-servicemen. SECTION XV. —THE FUTURE IN FOCUS 228. A short statement of the objectives of rehabilitation as the Board sees them is contained in the Preface to the report, while the mechanical rules for the time being observed in determining what different ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen may expect in the way of assistance are defined in Appendix I. The body of the report is a record of situations met and assistance rendered in particular fields. It remains to restate briefly the major rehabilitation questions that will require to be dealt with in the future —in other words, to bring the future of rehabilitation into focus at this stage as far as is practicable. 229. The dominant marks of the picture thereby revealed are now dealt with in turn. 230. Firstly, in the sphere of organization the needs that have yet to be filled appear to be further integration of Board and Committee procedure attended by decentralization of executive functions ; expansion of departmental staffs (those of Agent Departments as well as the Rehabilitation Department) ; and, of course, provision of adequate suitable departmental accommodation. These developments are at present retarded by the relative administrative inexperience of the personnel of Committees and the experimental nature of certain procedure in operation ; the difficulty in obtaining sufficient officers of the necessary calibre ; and the great difficulty in providing adequate suitable office accommodation. 231. Secondly, in the sphere of demobilization the creation of adequate machinery, both overseas and in New Zealand, to handle the mass demobilization of the Forces and their smooth and speedy reception into New Zealand is an obvious need. Building on the facilities already in existence to deal with this aspect detailed plans are, as far as is possible, being worked out in advance in co-operation with the Service Arms and other interested organizations.

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232. Thirdly, the provision of generous pension and rehabilitation allowance facilities will be continuing responsibilities for some time after the war, as will be the provision of up-to-date and adequate treatment and recreational facilities. The need to keep abreast of the most modern developments overseas in this last respect is fully appreciated. 233. The fourth field —employment —presents for the future the long-term problems of arranging the durable and appropriate placement or self-placement of the bulk of the members of the Forces, including many who may subsequently be dislodged from purely wartime positions they are at present filling ; the training of unskilled men and women for skilled or semi-skilled avocations, as well as the retraining of disabled men ; the dovetailing of service training courses with rehabilitation courses and industrial engagements ; the negotiation of preferential arrangements in various employment fields in the interests of ex-servicemen and the provision of an adequate living wage to all ex-servicemen in industry. What is already being done in these matters is discussed in Sections VIII and IX of the report, while for the future the remarks contained in Part II (Reconstruction) of the report have particular relevance. 234. In the fifth field —education —the need will be to repair the gaps in study which service has implied for most servicemen, and to provide tuition and, where justified, living allowances, to young ex-servicemen whose service has prevented them from embarking on their academic careers. With minor developments the educational facilities at present available promise to meet the need in this field without difficulty. 235. Field number six—that of farm training and settlement —will continue for some time to present the problems that at present distinguish it. These are shortage of man-power, rural housing, fertilizers, fencing, and other developmental materials and implements. 236. The seventh field—financial assistance —must also be expected to retain for some time the special problems which at present mark it. They arise not so much out of shortage of money as out of shortage of the various forms of property -houses, farms, and businesses to the purchase of which loan-moneys are applied. These shortages once overcome, and they will be largely overcome by the work of ex-servicemen themselves, the Board will be in a position to relax its priority schedule and assist any who merits it. 237. Housing and furniture together comprise the eighth field. The difficulties here combine to present a national problem of first magnitude and its solution can only be gradually effected by the augmentation of man-power and material resources and their most efficient organization. 238. The ninth field —the rehabilitation of the war disabled —will for years after the war present special treatment, training, placement, and individual readjustment problems. The treatment, training, and recreational facilities already provided or contemplated are expected, together with the selective placement of this class of ex-serviceman, to enable a good solution to the problem of the disabled man. 239. The future as it affects Maori ex-servicemen—the tenth field—holds the special difficulties of Native farm development and settlement, Native housing, Native education, and Native employment. The measures taken by the Board in conjunction with those operated by the Board of Native Affairs are expected to achieve ultimate success in each of those matters. 240. The eleventh and last aspect to be focused is the rehabilitation of at least a proportion of the several thousand women at present serving with the Forces. Thus far the rehabilitation of ex-service-women has presented few difficulties, as many of them have married and established homes. In the future, however, special problems affecting ex-servicewomen may arise. Among these will be the general attitude to the employment of women and with this the question of women's wages, and the degree of assistance that can justifiably be given in each of the fields already discussed, to women who might marry and by so doing might find it impossible or difficult to pursue the line in respect of which they may have been assisted by the Board. In this particular field negotiations are in train for the establishment of a Women's Ad visory Committee to ensure that the interests of women are not overlooked. 241. Varied, and difficult though, the problems of the future promise to be, the means of their solution are either already held or, given the co-operation of all concerned, can in the opinion of the Board be brought within reach. To the task of solving these problems the Board invites any who can assist in any way to address himself or herself accordingly. SECTION XVI.—APPRECIATION 242. Again the Board records with pleasure its appreciation of the assistance afforded it by all persons and organizations who have in any way co-operated in implementing the rehabilitation plan. 243. The members of the National Rehabilitation Council and the specialist committees of the Board have earned the warm gratitude of the Board for the most helpful manner tin which they have without exception, and often at considerable inconvenience and sacrifice of time, participated in Council and Committee deliberations. To the Chairman, Secretary, and members of local Rehabilitation Committees, Trade Training Advisory Committees, Farming Committees, and Maori Tribal Executive Committees the cordial thanks of the Board are proffered for the detailed and often onerous duties they have conscientiously performed. 244. Appreciative reference is also made to the zealous and painstaking co-operation of the Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League and its officers as the Board's agent in the " disabled" field. Likewise the willing assistance of agent Departments of State, including the State Advances Corporation, the Lands and Survey Department, the War Pensions Branch of the Social Security Department, and the Native Department, is recorded with full recognition of their staff and organizational difficulties. 245. Other organizations, more notably the Returned Services' Association, the New Zealand Federation of Labour, the Associated Chamber of Commerce, the Manufacturers' Federation, and the Farmers' Federation have all contributed to what degree of success has attended the Board's efforts, and in acknowledging this the Board expresses the hope that the continued co-operation of all these organizations will greatly facilitate the execution of the common task. 246. In conclusion, the Chairman and members of the Board extend their thanks to the staff of the Head and district offices of the Department for the keen and unremitting efforts with which they have pioneered its work.

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PART lI.—RECONSTRUCTION SECTION 1.-INTERDEPENDENCE OF RECONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION 247. It was stated in last year's report that the Board regarded the Government's plans for the conversion of industry from a war to a peace time bagis, and its subsequent expansion, as the framework within which measures for the rehabilitation of ex-servicemen were to be devised and administered. 248. This conception has received ample confirmation during the last twelve months 1 -so much so that the relationship of each separate field of rehabilitation activity with post-war reconstruction has become evident. The implication for the future of rehabilitation generally is obvious. 249. Brief examination of the nature of each of the more important field's interdependence with economic reconstruction and development lends weight to this viewpoint. 250. The payment of pensions and rehabilitation allowances, and the provision of adequate treatment facilities, are generally regarded as absolute responsibilities which can be, and are, fully discharged without question. Experience, however, emphasizes the point that the maintenance of a liberal pensions and treatment system is closely connected with budgetary considerations and therefore with the level of general prosperity. 251. The dependence of the Board's trade, &c., training and general placement plans upon bouyant employment conditions is even more obvious. These conditions in turn depend upon the degree of success with which reconstruction and national development are pursued in New Zealand. 252. As with employment, so it is with education, land-settlement, and housing. Each of these can only be successful in a favourable economic environment. 253. Similarly, the success of the Board's measures for the establishment of ex-servicemen in businesses or on farms, is closely related to the degree of post-war monetary stability realized, and this is likewise conditioned by the outcome of reconstruction policy generally. 254. The rehabilitation of Maori .ex-servicemen, and, for that matter, improvement in the living standards of the Maori people generally, as commented earlier in this report depend upon industrial and agricultural conditions such as to ensure full employment. Such conditions' postulate an expanding economy and hence a sympathetically increasing demand for labour. 255. The considerations just examined leave no doubt that the fate of rehabilitation measures singly and as a whole is inextricably bound up with the success or otherwise with which national reconstruction and development are planned and put into operation. SECTION lI.—ORGANIZATION 256. Following on Ministerial discussions late in 1943, in which the Chairman participated, the Organization for National Development was created early in the current year. 257. All the major Departments of State are in one way or another involved in.the organization, which, for obvious reasons, is directly responsible to the Prime Minister. Associated with the Prime Minister in the policy direction of the organization is a Cabinet Sub-committee of Ministers most directly concerned namely, the Ministers of Finance, Industries and Commerce, Works, Agriculture, and Rehabilitation. The Executive Committee of 0.N.D., comprising the Permanent Heads concerned, including the Director of Rehabilitation, and working in close co-operation with a Chief Executive Officer, Mr. J. S. Hunter, until recently Director of National Service, is responsible to the Cabinet Subcommittee for organizing and co-ordinating the activities of the several (so far nine) major Research and Planning Committees, which are in turn comprised of the various State and non-State organizations affected. The Secretariat to the Executive Committee is located in the Prime Minister's Department. Each of the main Research and Planning Committees will, as necessary, create specialist sub-committees to deal with particular assignments allotted them. 258. The important Personnel Committee is concerned with all questions in reconstruction and national development affecting individuals in an economic sense. It functions under the chairmanship of the Minister of Rehabilitation, but plainly its order of reference extends far beyond the economic rc-establishment of ex-servicemen only. For this reason the Rehabilitation Department has associated with it on the Committee representatives of the Returned Servicemen's Association ; the National Service, Labour, Education, Army, Navy, Air, and Native Departments, as well as representatives of employers and workers. The latter are represented by nominees of the Employers' Federation and the Federation of Labour. The various Specialist Sub-committees of the Personnel Committee are constituted in such a way as to include a representative of each organization concerned. 259. With the establishment of the Organization for National Development the Rehabilitation Board's responsibility, in so far as Part II of the Rehabilitation Act, 1941, is concerned, is limited to the defined responsibilities entrusted to its representatives on the organization. This ensures that in every field of national reconstruction and development the appropriate Department or organization will be attending to its particular responsibilities, which will be dovetailed into the whole. For the Rehabilitation Board this means that it can concentrate on its main task of re-establishing ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen in circumstances made as favourable as possible by co-ordination with developments in the broader economic sphere. 260. Now that it has been'established, the Organization for National Development will henceforth report separately on its activities. Such observations on its activities as may appear in subsequent reports of the Rehabilitation Board will be confined to specific assignments undertaken by the Board or the Department as participators in the Organization.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX I.—THE INTERPRETATION OF ELIGIBILITY AND PRIORITY FOR REHABILITATION ASSISTANCE (i) The body of the report is, in the main, an account of the various needs of ex-servicemen and the steps taken, to meet them. Detailed information about the extent of assistance afforded in each field is contained in the report and in the statistical tables which make up Appendix 11. It remains to make some explanation of the principles by which the Board has been guided in dispensing the various forms of assistance. In short, while the report has told what assistance has been given, it is still necessary to answer the question, " Who can qualify for what under the Rehabilitation Scheme ? " This Appendix seeks to answer this question. (ii) The Rehabilitation Act.—After defining ex-servicemen in such a way as to include any who has served with His Majesty's Forces either in New Zealand or overseas, or has served in the Mercantile Marine other than on a purely coastal vessel, the Act empowers the Board to provide in any ways it deems necessary for the civil re-establishment of ex-servicemen or their widows and any dependants. Specifically the Act empowers the Board to acquire property for disposal to ex-servicemen ; to extend financial assistance to ex-servicemen ; and to provide for the training, placement in employment, and after-care of ex-serviceinen. Neither in the Act nor in any subsequent Order in Council gazetted under it is the Board instructed to have regard to defined principles in making assistance available, and no doubt the Government in framing the legislation recognized the impossibility at that stage of adequately and equitably providing for all cases by means of rule-of-thumb principles. (iii) In this situation the Board has from time to time found it desirable to vary the emphasis on the different considerations which it has had to take into account in deciding what has been necessary to assist the civil re-establishment of ex-servicemen or their widows and dependants. Nevertheless, as policy in each of the fields of assistance has crystallized, and. as administrative procedure has in consequence developed, it has become possible to establish certain general principles in the light of which eligibility for assistance of various kinds, the extent of such assistance, and the priorities to be recognized as between different classes of ex-servicemen can be uniformly, and the Board thinks, equitably determined. These principles, as an interdependent whole, provide a general answer to the question of who is entitled to what. (iv) The Policy in Operation. —All servicemen, irrespective of zone or duration of service, are entitled to assistance to enable them to return to civil life on terms at least equal to those enjoyed prior to their entering the Forces. This is the basic responsibility in rehabilitation as defined in the preface to this report. (v) There is also, as mentioned in the preface, a second responsibility. This is to carry out the Government's intention to reward to the fullest possible extent the meritorious service of the men and women who have served in the Forces—correlating merit with known or presumed hazard or with duration and zone of service. (v:i) As a matter of basic responsibility the first must be given immediate fulfilment. In discharging the second, owing to the large number of men involved and the present shortage of man-power and material resources available to meet civilian needs, it had been found necessary to defer the claims of some ex-servicemen. The extension of financial assistance to all ex-servicemen at this stage would result in the limited supplies now available being exhausted and make conditions even more difficult for the rehabilitation of those men who are still to return from overseas and who will be amongst those having first claim to assistance. (vii) The following schedule of priorities and assistance available has been adopted in respect of Army personnel who have been discharged from the Forces or whose National Service commitments are not inconsistent with the assistance sought:— (a) Eligible for immediate assistance for house, farm, and business loans and allocation of State rental dwellings : all men who have actually seen front-line service or have served outside New Zealand for six months or over in any of the following areas: — (1) European Zone : (2) Middle East: (3) East Asia : (4) Pacific Area, including New Caledonia and the area forward from that base. (b) Eligible now for house, and farm loans in the case of A Grade farmers, and for business loans which will at the same time cater for their housing needs : men who have served in the Pacific other than in the area referred to above, Canada, America, or other noncombatant areas who married before leaving New Zealand or while overseas and have seen twelve months' service or more outside New Zealand. (viii) This classification refers to Army personnel, but the eligibility of members of the other Services, including the Mercantile Marine, is determined similarly. In assessing the claims of Air Force personnel, however, the hazardous nature of the work done by flying personnel is recognized and all air-crew personnel who have been engaged on operational or test flying either in New Zealand or overseas are eligible for immediate assistance on discharge. Pilots engaged as instructors are regarded similarly. (ix) The restrictions discussed, in so far as they apply to returned men, are confined to farming, business, and housing loans, and do not extend to other assistance the scope of which is not necessarily confined by limitations dictated by present conditions. For example, in the fields of trade, &c., training and education where the means of assistance are much less restricted the practice has been, and continues to be, to extend facilities applied for to any ex-serviceman whose service has involved a comparatively serious break in his civilian plans, and who gives evidence of his capacity to benefit from the assistance in question.

27

ll.—lB

APPENDIX II. —CHARTS AND STATISTICAL TABLES INDEX

Table I.—Showing Members of the Rehabilitation Board as at 31st March, 1944 Ma jor the Hon. C. F. Skinner T. N. Smallwood "1 H. Tai Mitchell. (Chairman). or } C. W. Batten. Lieutenant-Colonel F. Baker. A. D. Park. J S. W. Caspar. R. G. Macmorran. B. C. Ashwin. G. P. Shepherd. E. L. Cullon, M.P. Table ll— Showing Members of the National Rehabilitation Council as at 31st March, 1944 Major the Hon. C. F. Skinner T. N. Smallwood G. P. Shepherd. (Chairman). or C. W. Batten. Lieutenant-Colonel F. Baker. A. D. Park. J S. W. Caspar. H. Tai Mitchell. B. C. Ashwin. H. Marshall. T. A. Black.* E. L. Cullen, M.P. M. R. Clarke. R. Eddy, M.L.C. H. G. Dickie. T. R. Lees. D. I. Macdonald. J. H. Boyes. E. T. Tirikatene, M.P. R. M. Fenton. W. E. Leadley. R. G. Macmorran. S. Macdonald (Mrs.)

* Resigned.

Table III.—Showing District Rehabilitation Committees operating as at 31st March, 1944

28

Table No. Subject. » | Vage. I Rehabilitation Board Members .. .. . • • • • • • • • • 28 II National Rehabilitation Council Members .. .. .. • • • • 28 III District Committees .. . • • • • • • • • • • • • • 28 IV Board, Departmental, and Committee Machinery .. . { .. .. • • 29 V Departmental Expenditure .. .. .. • • • • • • • • 30 VI Rate of Demobilization . . .. ■ • • ■ • • • • • • 30 VII Causes of Demobilization .. .. .. .. •• •• 31 VIII Rehabilitation Allowances disbursed .. . . .. ■ • • • • • 32 IX Particulars " A " Class Trade Trainees .. .. .. ■ • • • • ■ 33 X Particulars " B " Class Trade Trainees .. .. .. . • • • • • 34 XI Particulars " C" Class Trainees.. . . .. • • • • • • • • 36 XII Analysis of Industrial Disposal of Ex-servicemen and Ex-servicpwomen .. .. 36 XIII Analysis of Stages in Rehabilitation of Ex-servicemen and Ex-servicewomen .. .. 38 XIV Educational Facilities granted .. .. .. .. • • • • • • 38 XV Educational Courses approved .. .. .. • • ■ • • • • • 39 XVI Particulars of Farm Trainees .. .. .. • • • XVII Farm Settlement Results XVIII Loans granted .. ■. . . • • • • • • ■ • • • 40 XIX Compassionate Grants approved XX State Rental Dwellings allocated XXI Progress in Re-establishment of Amputees . . .. . • ■ ■ • • 41 XXII Artificial-limb Manufacturing and Fitting Results XXIIt Particulars of Trainees,, with Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League .. .. 42 XXIV Particulars of Ex-trainees with Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League absorbed 42 into Industry XXV Analysis of Stages in Rehabilitation of Maori Ex-servicemen and Ex-sorvicewomon .. 43

(N.B. —At this date there were 110 Committees) Town. Town. Town. Town. Akaroa. Hawarden. Ohakune. Tauranga. Alexandra. Hawera. Opotiki. Te Aroha. Arrowtown. Helensville. Opunake. Te Awamutu. Ashburton. Hokitika. Otautau. le Karaka. Auckland. Huntly. Oxford. To Kuiti. Balclutha. Inglewood. Paeroa. Temuka. Blenheim. Invercargill. Pahiatua. Thames. Bluff. Kaiapoi. Palmerston. Timaru. Cambridge. Kaikohe Palmerston North. Tolaga Bay. Carterton. Kaikoura. Patea. Tuatapere. Cheviot. Kaitaia. Pioton. Upper Hutt. Christchurch. Lawrence. Pongaroa. Waihi. Coromandel. Leeston. Putaruru. Waimate. Cromwell. Levin. Queenstown. Waipawa. Dannevirke. Lower Hutt. Baetihi. Waipukurau. Dargaville. Lumsden. Bakaia. Wairoa. Dunedin. Manaia. Banfurly. Waitara. Bketahuna. Marton. Rangiora. Wanganui. Bltham. Masterton. Beefton. Warkworth. Fairlie. Matamata. Riverton. Wellington. Featherston. Milton. Rotorua. Westport. Feilding. Morrinsville. Roxburgh. Whakatane. Geraldine. Motueka. Ruatoria. Whangarei. Gisborne. Murchison. Stratford. Winton. Gore. Napier. Taihape. Woodville. Greymouth. Nelson. Takaka. Wyndham. Hamilton. New Plymouth. Tapanui. Hastings. Oamaru. Taumarunui.

H.-18

Table IV.—Showing Board, Departmental, and Committee Rehabilitation Machinery

29

H.—lB

Table V. —Showing Departmental Expenditure (All Services) on Rehabilitation for Year ended 31st March, 1944, and to Date

Table VI.— Showing Rate of Demobilization of Ex-servicemen and Ex-servicewomen as at 31st March, 1944

30

Year ended i To Date m ' '31st March, 1944. from Outset. - - ■ ■ ■ — - — £ £ Administration expenses (assessed) .. .. •. 85,963 125,943 Educational facilities, including books, tuition fees, and sub- 3,584 3,584 sistence allowance Farm training, including fees and subsistence allowance at 337 337 approved agricultural colleges and training farms and subsidy to approved employers Grants to Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League (Inc.) 4,900 7,400 Land and building: Vocational Training Centres .. .. 38,979 49,795 Plant, machinery, and equipment .. .. . . 2,809 2,809 Purchase artificial-limb factory .. .. . • ■ . ■ ■ 3,758 Special grants to ex-servicemen on compassionate or hardship 2,378 2,378 grounds Therapeutic employment for ex-servicemen .. .. 5,607 5,607 Trade training — Centres operated by Rehabilitation Department: includes 56,506 81,204 establishment and operational charges, trainees' wages, separation allowance and travelling-expenses, tools, plant and equipment (year ended 31st March, 1943-44 assessed by Labour Department) Private firms and Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment 16,122 16,296 League : includes subsidy to employers and separation allowance Travelling-expenses of ex-servicemen including fares, furniture, 1,779 1,779 removals, and loss of earnings Miscellaneous .. .. . ■ ■ • • • • • 376 488 Rehabilitation allowances .. .. •• 235,522 243,382 Loans (farms, business, housing, tools of trade, furniture, &c.) 1,595,552 1,972,740 Purchase of lands for settlement, development, and other (Not available) 470,006 expenses in connection therewith £2,050,414 £2,987,506

Ex-camps, Ex-overseas. New Zea]lmd . Date. Total. Number. Number. 31st July, 1940 29 1 29 31st December, 1940 .. ■■ •• 112 112 31st March, 1941 .. .. .. •• •• 833 833 30th June, 1941 1,220 1,220 30th September, 1941 .. .. •• •• 1,591 available.) 1 o'kck 31st December, 1941 .. .. •• 2,565 2,565 31st March, 1942 .. .. .. •• 3,478 3,478 30th June, 1942 .. .. .. •• 4,536 I 4,536 30th September, 1942 .. .. .. •• 5,167 J 5,167 31st December, 1942 .. .. .. 6,246 9,223 15,469 31st March, 1943 .. .. .. .. 7,847 11,447 19,294 30th June, 1943 .. .. .. •• •• 9,093 13,513 22,606 30th September, 1943 .. .. •• 11,866 15,790 27,656 31st December, 1943 .. .. •• 17,173 17,470 34,643 31st March, 1944 .. .. .. • • ■■ 22,535 20.121 42,656

H.—lB

Table VII. —Analysis of Causes for Demobilization of all Sick and Wounded Ex-servicemen and Ex-servicewomen as at 31st March, 1944

31

Ex-overseas. Ex-camps, New Zealand. Disability. , , Total. Male. Female. Male. Female. Typhoid fever .. .. .. .. 7 .. 1 .. 8 Undulant fever .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. 2 Scarlet fever .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 Dengue fever .. .. .. .. 17 .. 2 .. 19 Malaria . . .. .. .. .. 104 .. 4 1 109 Glandular fever .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Diphtheria .. .. .. .. 18 .. 3 .. 21 Acute poliomyelitis .. .. .. 14 .. 11 I 26 Measles .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. 2 2 Influenza .. .. .. .. 15 .. 11 .. 26 Vincent's angina .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Pulmonary tuberculosis .. . . .. 231 .. 489 4 ! 724 Tuberculosis of the vertebral column .. 1 . . 3 . . 4 Venereal disease .. .. .. .. 45 .. 33 2 80 Dysentery .. .. .. .. 168 2 9 .. 179 Septicaemia and purulent infection .... 3 I 4 1 9 Herpes zoster .. .. .. .. 3 .. 1 .. 4 Hydatid disease .. .. .. .. 5 .. 11 .. 16 Other diseases caused by helminths (tapeworm, 12 5 1 18 hookworm, filaria, &c.) Mycoses .. .. .. .. .. 49 .. 13 1 63 Cancer .. .. .. .. .. 13 .. 5 1 19 Other tumours .. .. .. .. 29 1 25 1 56 Acute rheumatism, rheumatic fever .. .. 503 3 625 10 1,141 Chronic rheumatism and gout .. .. 771 5 732 6 1 514 Diabetes mellitus .. .. .. .. 29 .. 47 2 78 Diseases of the thyroid gland .. . . 104 1 157 7 269 Obesity .. .. .. .. .. 3 .. 4 .. 7 Toxaemia .. .. .. ., 1 .. 2 .. 3 Beriberi .. .. .. . . .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Anaemia .. .. .. .. .. 12 .. 7 4 23 Other diseases of the blood .... .. .. 3 1 4 Encephalitis .. .. .. .. 2 .. 3 .. 5 Meningitis .. .. .. .. 24 .. 68 1. 93 Cerebral haemorrhage, thrombosis, &c. .. 11 .. 20 .. 31 Paralysis .. .. .. .. 29 .. 25 1 55 Mental deficiency .. .. .. .. 96 .. 115 .. 211 Insanity .. ' .. .. .. .. 358 2 182 (i 548 Neuroses .. .. .. .. 1,592 7 843 27 2,469 Other mental and nervous disorders .. .. 455 2 425 48 930 Epilepsy .. .. .. .. 83 .. 109 .. 192 Neuritis, sciatica, &c. .. .. . . 110 . . 143 4 257 Headaches .. .. .. .. 188 .. 226 13 427 Other diseases of the nervous system .. 6 .. 1 . . 7 Diseases of the eye .. .. .. 1,061 I 490 2 1,554 Diseases of the ear and mastoid process .. 697 5 456 1 1 159 Diseases of the heart .. .. .. 245 2 530 6 783 Diseases of the arteries .. .. .. 14 .. 30 .. 44 Hasmorrhoids .. .. .. .. 53 1 50 .. 104 Varicose veins .. .. .. .. 297 2 336 1 636 Phlebitis and thrombophlebitis .. .. 9 .. 4 .. 13 High blood-pressure .. .. .. 120 1 119 2 242 Other diseases of the circulatory system .. 13 .. 29 1 43 Diseases of the nasal fossae and annexa .. 337 .. 283 7 627 Bronchitis .. .. . . .. 308 .. 312 3 623 Pneumonia .. .. .. .. 54 3 74 .. 131 Pleurisy .. .. .. .. .. 70 .. 60 2 132 Asthma .. .. .. .. .. 479 1 504 8 992 Chest trouble n.o.d. .. .. .. 282 1 441 11 735 Other diseases of the respiratory system. .. 23 .. 9 .. 32 Diseases of the mouth, pharynx, tonsils, &c. .. 82 .. 36 1 119 Ulcer of the stomach or duodenum .. .. 258 .. 557 1 816 Other and undefined diseases of the stomach .. 597 3 637 12 1,249 Diarrhoea and enteritis ...... 29 2 17 1 49 Appendicitis .. .. .. .. 60 1 69 2 132 Hernia .. .. .. .. .. 184 .. 385 .. 569 Other and undefined diseases of the intestines 288 .. 278 11 577 Diseases of the liver and biliary passages .. 68 2 31 1 102 Peritonitis .. .. .. .. 7 .. 10 1 18 Nephritis .. .. .. .. 23 .. 23 1 47 Other diseases of the kidneys and uterus .. 119 4 147 3 273 Kenal calculi .. .. .. .. 23 .. 8 .. 31 Diseases of the bladder .. .. .. 32 .. 51 .. 83 Urethral stricture .. .. .. .. 15 ... 9 2 26 Diseases of the genital organs .... 54 .. 40 2 96 Pregnancy .. . . .. .. .. 9 .. 12 21 Diseases of the skin and oellular tissue .. 767 4 504 6 1,28] Osteomyelitis . . .. .. .. 19 .. 36 .. 55 Other diseases of the bones .. .. 98 .. 125 3 226 Flat feet and other foot disabilities .. .. 905 2 1,342 26 2 275

H.—lB

Table VII —continued

Table VIII.— Showing Rehabilitation Allowances disbursed for Twelve Months ended 31st March, 1944, and to Date

32

Ex-overseas. Ex-camps, New Zealand, Disability. ~ " TotaL Male. Female. Male. Female. Other diseases of the joints and organs of move- 116 .. 168 1 285 ment 25 Burns and scalds .. .. •• 17 •• ° •• , Gunshot wounds .. .. •• •• 1,496 .. 45 .. , Fractures 418 39 383 2 842 Amputations— Lees, arms, hands, and feet .. .. 214 .. 20 .. Digital .. . 72 .. 44 .. 116 Other injuries !. 1,392 2 2,184 25 3,603 General debility .. .. •• •• 362 lo 304 Head trouble n.o.d. .. •• ■■ 83 1 76 .. Post operation .. • • • • • • 5 .. 49 Other and ill-defined conditions .. .. 428 12 1,063 22 1,5 A,m .. •• 116 1 241 1 OOJ Ifeoholism :: : 10 •• 7 1 18 Sub-totals 17,535 138 16,993 345 35,011 Other Reasons Returned to military servico .. Privilege leave .. .. I 4,661 61 1,623 13 6,358 Not yet discharged .. . • i Deceased ...... J Prisoner of war on parole .. .. •• 99 •• •• Compassionate grounds .. . • • • 10 16 11 6.) 10 Conduct 16 17 •• " Own request .. . • • • • • • • 1 ' 0iJ A J_ ' Totals .. .. •• •• 22,320 215 19,657 464 42,656

Number Number Number of Number of Allowances Total Allowgranted, granted, 19th Children disbursed, ances disbursed, Classification. 1st April, February, 19t hFebruary, J st^P^ 194 , 3 ' 1943, to 31st 1943, to 31st iql/ t „ qTst to 31st March, 1943, to .(1st March, 1944. March, 1944. to 1944 Jferch! 1944 l944, March ' 1944> Single members— £ s. d. £ s. d. Males .. 3,147 3,518 .. .. 82,608 15 0 85,566 16 3 Females .. 164 171 .. • • 4,305 0 0 4,353 15 0 M arried members— Without children 1,534 1,709 .. .. 59,272 10 0 60,899 15 3 With children 2,351 2,647 4,396 4,971 89,335 15 0 92,562 6 9 Totals .. 7,196 8,045 4,396 4,971 235,522 0 0 243,382 13 3

H.—lB

Table IX.— Showing "A" Class Trainee Ex-servicemen undergoing Trade Training, trained and placed in Industry as at 31st March, 1944

3—H. 18.

33

Returned from Overseas. Ex-camps in New Zealand. I Discontinued Discontinued Class and Centres. Completed I Training for Completed Training for Training. Training Health and Training. Traming Health and and placed. other and placed. other Reasons. Reasons. Carpentry i Auckland .... 56 14 1 12 6 Rotorua (Maoris) .. 20 .. 11 .. ; Napier . ■ 30 .. 2 10 .. .. Wellington .. .. 58 26 6 37 31 j 10 Christchurch .. .. 44 8 4 23 4 , j Dunedin .. • • 40 .. 4 25 Engineering Auckland .. - • • 1 2 .. 2 1 .. Wellington .... 12 17 3 .. 11 3 Christchurch .... 7 35 14 4 23 3 Dunedin .. .. • • • • 1 Welding Auckland .... 6 7 .. 1 19 Wellington .. .. 3 '5 •• •• Christchurch .. .. 6 4- 2 2 5 Dunedin .. .. ■ • 7 .. • • 5 Footwear w Auckland .. • • 8 14 8 9 19 Wellington .. .. • • 1 • • • • • • Christchurch .. .. • • 1 Dunedin .. . ■ 1 • • • • Miscellaneous Trades Wellington (draughtsman) ,1 1 • • • • 1 .. Totals .. 293 152 45 136 132 28

H.—lB

Table X.—Showing Particulars of "B" Class Trade Training Applicants, Trainees, and Graduates into Industry as at 31st March, 1944

34

iAiiLt A. KJXIUYTiiw — - i TT . . Failed to complete | Applications to Date. Approved to Date. Declined to Date. W.tMrawn to Date. Under Consideration. to' Date!" 'St&STX.* ™°»°» overseas Zealand. ovSeas. Z»l5 ovJSeas. SlancL overseas, ovSfeas. Zwland. overseas. Zealand! overseas. Zealand. overseas, j Zealand. ~ r .. s 2 2 Accountant .. •• •• *", # # .. .. 1 Artificial-limb maker .. . • • • '' l " " 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Architectural draughtsman •• •• ~ j \ .. 1 .. 2 Baker .. •• •• * 1 i .. .. 1 Boat builder.. •• 1 " 2 j ., 2 .. .. •• •• •• •• •• •• ( Bootmaker .. •• •• • • 2 •• •• •• • • *• " * Clicker .. • • • • ' .. .. 1 Operative .. •• •• j " '' j .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Surgical .. • ■ • • " * j '' .. .. .. .. .. .. • • •. • • • • • • Sole-cutter . • • • * * * 10 .. .. 1 .. 2 2 5 Boot-repairer • • ■ ■ ~ 3 ' _. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Bricklayer .. • • • • *" i 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Butcher .. •• Q "; 7 oo 5 5 11 7 •• 5 1 22 4 Cabinetmaker -■ •• 17 6 \ ° .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. •• .• • Cabinetmaker's machinist .. j •• , 2 3 3 1 2 3 .. 6 1 Carpenter .. •• .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 •• •• Carpet layer and planner .. i •• 2 " __ __ .. j .. 1 .. .. .. i Cinema-projectionist .. • • 2 .. ■ • j Clay-moulder -• •• £ " "o .. .. .. ' .. •• 1 Clerk - - • ■ • • \ ■■ Y \\ .. .. .. .. .. • • 1 Clothing-presser .. • • * '' 2 _ .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Commercial artist . • • • 2 • ■ .... .. . • • • 1 Cooper .. •• •• | "• j ' .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Coppersmith -• j 1 .. .. .. .. 1 Cycle mechanic .. • • i y y _ .. .. .. 4 .. 1 Dental mechanic .. •• *j 1 j 2 .. .. •• 1 •• 1 Diesel mechanic .. • • 4 .. _ 1 Dressmaker .. • • • • j " j Dry-cleaning and pressing .. j • • ° 1 Electrician .. •• •• J •" " j .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Electrical Engineer .. •• 1 „ 2 5 3 1 v 1 1 10 2 Electrical wireman .. • • ** g 3 _ j _ _ _ _ 3 Engineering: General .. » • • 2 j j __ .. .. .. 1 Engineering: Diesel .. •• j> 2 .. .. .. .. 2 Engineering: Draughtsman .. 2 .. _ _ _ _ _ _ Engineering: Mechanic •• 1 •• j _ _ __ .. .. .. .. .. •• •• •• Engineering: Marine •• 1 •• " "j 3 .. 2 1 1 . ■ 2 i .. •• •• Fitter and turner .. • • lu * _ _ 2 .. .. .. • • Floor moulder •• •- •• -* .. 1 .. .. .. .. 2 .. French polisher • • • • *' _ _ .. .. .. 1 Gas engineer • • • • "I 1 .. • • • • • • • ■ • • • • 1 Glazier ■ • • ■ • • " 4 .. . • • ■ • • I * * 2 Glass beveller and silverer .. 4 " i i 1 • • 1 • • ! 1 • • • • • • '" " Grocer .. f S \ 1 4 . 3 .. i 4 .. •• •• •• Hairdresser: Men . • ■ ■ I 1 I .. 2 .. •. 1 1 ■ • • • I Hairdresser: Ladies .. •• j a " .. .. ..j.. .. 1 •• •• •• •• 1 Knitting Machine mechanic i - 8 ' 1 1 1 " I *.* 8 " " Joiner .. •• * • „ " 1 ! .. •• I ■ • I 2 .. 1 Leather-bag maker ..

H—lB

35

Leatherworker .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 I .. I • • • • • • • • • • Lead-burner .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. | .. I • • • • • ♦ • • * • ! Linotype- operator .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. * * * * '' * *. *" * * Live-stock buyer .. .. 2 .. 2 .. .. .. .. ••! •• •* " * * ! Manufacturing jeweller .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 j • • • • • • ..... Masseur .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. • • • • • • 1 • • • • • • • • Meat-grader . • • • 2 .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. • • • • • • • • Mechanic, motor .. .. 13 2 5 1 5 1 3 .. .... 4 1 .. .. .. Mercer .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 • • - • • • • • Motor-body builder .. .. 2 " .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. • • 2 .. .. | Nursery gardener .. .. 4 .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. 1 •• 2 Optical mechanic .. .. 2 2 2 1 .. 1 .. .. .. •• 2 .. 1 Painter .. .. .. 5 .. 4 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 4 •• •• .... Painter and paperhanger .. 6 1 4 .. .. .. 2 .. .. 1 •• •• 1 Panel- beater.. .. .. 9 .. 7 .. .. .. 1 .. 1 •• Pharmaceutical chemist .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. •• •• •• 1 Perambulator-maker .. .. 1 .. .. .. . . .. 1 . • • • Photographer, commercial .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. •• • • I * Piano-tuner .. .. .. 3 2 2 2 .. .. .. .. 1 2 1 .. 1 Pig-research assistant .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. •• •• •• •• •• •• •• • • * Plasterer: Solid .. .. 4 .. 3 .. 1 .. .. .. .. •• 3 Plasterer: Fibrous .. .. 4 .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. 1 •• 1 •• 1 Plumber .. .. .. 10 3 7 .. 2! 2 .. .. 1 1 3 Plumber and sheet-metal worker 1 .. .. .. I .. .. 1 Printing-machinist .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .... 1 .. .. •. 1 Radiographer .. .. 1 .. .. .. Radio serviceman .. .. 1 2 1 .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. 1 Radio technician .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 Refrigerating engineer .. 2 .. .. .. 1 .. -. .. 1 Saddler .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. •. •• 1 Sanitary inspector .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Saw doctor and tool specialist .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Seed-cleaner .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 • • Sheep experimental worker and 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. •• •• 1 wool technician Sheet-metal worker .. .. 2 .. 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Sign writer .. .. .. 1 .. 1 Splint-maker .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Surveyor .. .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. •• 1 Surveyor, quantity .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. •. 1 •• Switchboard operator .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• •• .. .. 1 Tailor .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Ticketwriter and window dresser 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Toolmaker .. .. ... 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Typewriter mechanic .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • • • • • • • • 1 Upholsterer .. .. .. 12 .. 8 .. 3 .. 1 • • • - • • ® • • • • Veneering .. . „ .. 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Vulcanizer .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 J .. .. .. .. • • 1 Watchmaker .. .. 2 1 2 1 .. .. .. .. .. •• 2 .. .. ,.. Welder, electrical .. .. 2 .. 1 .. 1 Wood-turner .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Wood-machinist .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. . - • • • • • • • • .... Wallboard filler .. .. j ] .. .. \ .. .. .. .. 1 Woolclasser .. .. .. i 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. . .. .. 1 Wall and floor tiler .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. ... ( .. 1 Wool-sorter .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. 1 • Totals .. .. 337 68 211 21 47 35 36 6 43 6 147 12 3 3 7 1

H.—lB

Table XI.—Showing "C" Class Trainee Ex-servicemen as at 31st March, 1944

Table XII. —Showing Industrial Analysis of the Disposal of all Ex-servicemen and Ex-servicewomen dealt with as at 31st March, 1944

36

— Ex-overseas. ZellancL TotaI * Training .. .. .. 18 20 38 Completed training.. .. 4 2 6 Discontinued training .. 1 .. 1 Totals .... 23 22 45

~T i Placed in Self-placed In Established in Own Employment. Employment. Enterprise. Industrial Group. Upturned from Ex-camps in Returned from Ex-camps in j Returned from Ex-camps in Overseas. New Zealand. Overseas. New Zealand. ' Overseas. New Zealand. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. 1 . I ! Primary Industry 1. Pishing and trapping .. .. .. 7 .. 4 39 51 15 19 2. Farming: Sheep .. .. .. 68 .. 59 .. 245 .. 343 2 48 .. 50 3. Farming: Dairy . .. ....... 75 .. 95 2 427 .. 723 , 5 234 .. 355 4. Farming: Other .. .. .. 89 101 1 321 431 2 176 .. 225 5. Flax growing and milling .. .. 22 .. 27 .. 12 .. 28 .. 2 6. Sawmill (bush), &c. .. .. .. 54 .. 42 .. 143 .. 127 .. 28 .. 8 : 7. Mining: Coal .. .. .. .. 11 .. 16 .. 32 .. 35 ! 8. Mining: Gold.. .. .. .. 1 ' ... 9 28 .. 39 .. 5 .. .. >. ! 9. Mining: Other .. .. .. 1 .. .. 6 7 4 6 10. Quarries: Gravel, sand, &c. .. 4 .. 7 .. 20 .. 19 .. .. .. 1 Building and Construction 11. Road, railway, earthwork, &c. .. .. 112 .. 156 .. 189 .. 264 .. 6 .. 10 12. Housing and other buildings .. .. 210 .. 239 .. 354 .. 599 .. 79 .. 150 Transport and Communication 13. Railways: Workshops, &c. .. .. 68 .. 59 .. 928 .. 587 .. ... .. .. .. 14. Tramways: Workshops .. .. 20 .. 27 .. 61 .. 86 1 15. Motor services, &c. .. .. .. 153 .. 196 .. 601 .. 795 4 118 .. 194 16. Shipping services, &c. .. .. .. 46 .. 63 .. 379 .. 431 .. .. .. 2 17. Air services .. .. .. .. 1 .. •• .. 3 .. 4 18. P. and T. radio broadcasting : .. 10 .. 24 .. 187 .. 312 2 .. .. Power-production 19. Electricity and supply .. .. .. 31 .. 25 .. 79 .. 131 .. .. .. 3 20. Gjas production and supply .. .. 20 .. 16 .. 19 .. 51 .. .. .. .. , Secondary Industry 21. Engineering, all .. .. .. 196 .. 396 2 448 .. 548 4 16 .. 73 1 i : Food and Drink >22. Meat freezing, curing, &c. .. .. 177 .. 201 1 291 .. 343 .. 3 23. Butter and cheese manufacturing .. 28 .. 27 .. 63 .. 117 24. Grain-milling and cereal-food making .. 14 .. 17 .. 16 .. 23 1 25. Sugar-refining .. .. .. .. 2 .. 4 .. 4 .. 7 26. Bread, cake, and pastry making .. .. 13 .. 19 1 67 .. 75 3 17 .. 15 .. 27. Biscuit and confectionery .. .. 19 27 31 57 2 2 .. 6 28. Jam-making, preservin .. .. 4 .. 11 .. 9 .. 26 1 29. Brewing and malting .. .. 29 .. 39 .. 98 .. 119 1 1 . . 1 30. Aerated water, cordials .. ... .. 8 9 19.. 27 3 2 31. Other food and drink .. .. .. 13 .. 27 2 52 .. 85 1 17 .. 14 Textiles, Fibres, Clothing, and Leather 32. Fellmongering and wool-scouring.. .. 15 .. 9 .. 10 .. 23 .. .< .. 1 :33. Tanning .. .. .. .. 10 .. 21 .. 16 ..14 .. .. ., 2 Woollen and knitting mills .. .. 18 .. 23 1 27 .. 48 3 35. Silk-hosiery mills .. .. .. 5 .. .. .. 4 1 3 36. Flock, felt, carpet, &c., mills .. .. 15 .. 12 1 18 .. 23 .. .. .. 1 37. Hats and millinery manufacturing ... 1 .. 4 , ., 5 .. 12 .. .. .. 1 1 38. Clothing-manufacturing, not knitted .. 9 19 2 35 1 52 7 4 10 2 39. Boot, shoe, and slipper making ... .. 30 52 43 57 1 16 8 40. Boot-repairing .. .. .. 3 .. 7 .. 3 .. 15 .. 13 .. 5 41. Leather, other; saddlery, &c. .. ... 4.. 6 1 11 1 10 1 4.. 6,. 42. Laundries, dry-cleaning, &c. .. .. 6 .. 26 .. 21 .. 23 3 143. Others, including furs, &c. .. .. 3 9 7 16 2 8 Building-materials, Timber, and Furniture 44. lime and cement making .. .. 4 .. 9 .. 23 .. 29 .. .. .. 1 i 45. Brick, tile, pottery, &c. .. .. 15 .. 26 .. 34 .. 47 .. 3 .. 4 46. Asphalt, asbestos, &c. .. .. .. 4 .. 5 .. 6 .. 14 .. .. .. 1 47. Wallboard manufacture, fibrous plaster, &c. 7 .. 12 .. 14 .. 23 .. 2 .. 3 48. Timber-mills, sash, &c., works .. .. 64 .. 46 .. 93 .. 101 .. 5 .. 6 49. Wooden box and case making . . .. 10 .. 14 . . 6 .. 21 .. 2 .. .. .. 50. Cabinet and hard furniture .. .. 41 .. 32 ., 35 .. 99 .. 9 .. 26 51. Upholstering, soft furniture .. .. 6 12 16 51 .. 3 8 52. Others, including glass-bevelling, &c. .. 17 .. 15 .. 30 .. 28 .. 4 .. 3 ..

H.—lB

Table XII—continued

4—H. 18,

37

Placed in Self-placed in Established in Own Employment. Employment. Enterprise. Industrial Group. Returned from Ex-camps in Returned from Ex-camps in Returned from Ex-camps in Overseas. New Zealand. Overseas. New Zealand. Overseas. New Zealand. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Male. Female. Other Secondary Industries 53. Glass-manufacture .. .. .. 5 .. 9 .. 4 .. 6 54. Rubber-goods manufacturing, &c. .. 8 .. 36 1 27 .. 29 .. .. .. 2 55. Paint and varnish making .. .. 8 3 1 18 21 2 3 56. Soap and candle making .. .. 4 .. 6 .. 5 .. 12 .. .. .. 1 57. Manure-manufacturing, chemical fertilizer 9 .. 20 .. 14 .. 20 58. Chemicals, drugs, &c. .. .. .. 3 14 1 34 37 1 3 2 59. Paper and cardboard manufacturing .. 6 .. 9 .. 8 .. 5 60. Carton, cardboard-box making .. .. 2 .. 8 .. 5 .. 11 1 61. Printing, publishing, &c. .. .. 14 17 4 90 212 3 5 .. 14 62. Tobacco-processing and cigarettes A 2 7 2 6 18 1 63. Other (miscellaneous industries) .. .. 13 18 22 45 3 3 1 Commerce and Finance 64. Banks, insurance, trustees, public account- 17 1 22 .. 202 1 271 . . 18 .. 54 ants, &c. 65. Retail shops (all kinds) .. .. .. 173 .. 220 12 857 2 1,214 33 107 .. 281 2 66. Stock and station agents: Wool, hide, &c. 87 .. 70 .. 249 .. 207 1 3 I Public Administration and Professional 67. Health, religion, and social welfare, &e. .. 30 .. 38 .. 139 34 156 8 25 1 18 68. Education, all types .. .. .. 31 14 1 87 1 53 3 1 69. Defence, Army, Navy, and Air .. .. 132 .. 163 1 145 .. 87 1 70. Lawyers, police, justice, and prisons .. 9 .. 5 .. 28 .. 29 .. 9 .. 23 71. Government Departments (not covered by 111 .. 73 3 247 .. 291 5 other industrial group) 72. Local authorities n.e.i. (including fire brigade) 26 .. 59 .. 142 .. 135 Miscellaneous Services and Proeessions 73. Entertainment, sport, &c. .. .. 7 .10 1 31 89 3 5 13 74. Hotels and catering .. .. .. 29 52 1 235 312 7 24 33 1 75. Miscellaneous professions (music, artists, 4 2 ., 13 19 13 28 1 authors, &c.) 76. Other services (including domestics, gardeners, 36 69 4 36 4 146 25 8 16 1 &c.) , Totals .. .. .. .. 2,559 I 3,245 46 8,272 45 10,624 136 1,070 1 1,718 8 No Industry 77. Training for industry .. .. .. 474 .. 153 78. Invalids and inmates of hospitals, prisons, 2,517 15 1,225 96 &c. 79. Out ofindustry, not seeking employment, &c. 7,388 153 2,663 176 80. Unemployed, seeking employment .. 40 .. 29 2 N.B.—The totals shown In Group No. 79 include those shown in Table XIII in Categories 1, 1A, 2, 3, 8, 20, 21, 23, 24, 24A, and 25.

H.—lB

Table XIII.—Showing Progress towards Re-establishment of all Ex-servicemen and Ex-servicewomen dealt with as at 31st March, 1944

Table XIV.— Showing Total Educational Facilities granted from Outset up to 31st March, 1944

38

Ex-overseas. Ex New Zealand. Total. Men. Women. Men. Women. 1. Not yet discharged (remains on pay) .. ■■ 4,290 49 774 30 5,143 1a. Retained on service strength —returning to active service 93 .. 2. Returned to military service .. .. •• 2,06.1 52 726 11 2,850 3. Still on privilege leave .. .. • • • • 409 5 35 1 450 4. Serving civil sentences .. ■ ■ • • • • 25 .. 32 .. o7 5. In mental institutions .. .. • • • • 45 .. 19 1 65 6. In hospitals, sanatoria, &c... .. . • • • 500 2 162 8 672 7. Recuperating, but not as institution inmates: Enrolled 546 4 329 33 912 7a. Recuperating, but not as institution inmates: Not 1,401 9 683 54 2,147 enrolled i ' ' 8. Intentions undecided but following up .. .. 205 2 167 20 394 9. Undergoing full-time training in— (а) Carpentry .. . 248 .. 118 .. 366 (б) Engineering .. .. • • ■ • 35 .. 9 • • 44 (c) Boot and shoe manufacturing . . . . 9 . . 9 (d) Transferred to Disabled Servicemen's League for 82 .. 13 .. 9o training (e) Wool-classing • .. •• •• •• •• •• (/) Farming .. .. • • • • • • 58 .. .. • ■ (g) Students (full time) .. .. ■ ■ • • 41 .. 4 .. 45 (h) Architectural draughtsman .. .. 1 •• •• ■■ * 10. Placed with pre-service employer .. .. . ■ 210 .. 206 . . 416 11. Self-placed with pre-service employer .. .. 3,968 22 6,539 49 10,578 12. Placed with subsidy with other private employer .. 68 .. 22 . . 90 13. Placed without subsidy with other private employer .. 2,017 1 2,779 43 14. Self-placed with other private employer .. .. 4,018 23 3,893 82 8,016 15. Placed with subsidy in State employment .. .. 12 .. 8 ... 20 16. Placed without subsidy in State employment.. .. 252 .. 230 3 485 16a. Self-placed without subsidy in State employment .. 286 .. 192 5 17. Placed under State settlement schemes .. .. •• •• •• , • • 18. Returned to own business .. .. •• 271 1 802 3 18a. Returned to own farm .. •• •• '65 .. 547 1 713 19. Acquired own business .. .. . • • • 341 .. 286 4 631 19a. Acquired own farm .. .. •• 293 .. 83 .. 37b 20. Depending on private means .. .. •• 19 •• 11° | 21. Action closed as refusing all help .. .. • • 56 2 184 6 248 22. Enrolled for placement (fit) .. . • • • 40 29 2 71 23. Left New Zealand .. .. •• 67 2 24 .. 93 24. Unable to trace (final) .. .. • • • • 52 .. 433 24a. Temporarily lost contact .. .. •• •• 63 .. 114 3 180 25. Deceased .. •• •• •• •• 73 •• 88 1 26. Established a home (women) .. .. • • • • 41 .. 9.) Total of sections 1-26 inclusive —i.e., total returned 22,320 215 19,657 464 42,656 or demobilized to date, including Maoris I

(N.B. —The number of cases where facilities were granted before 1st April, 1943, was very small) Facility. Ex-overseas. Ex New Zealand. Total. Full-time bursaries — (as) In New Zealand .. .. .. 138 12 150 (b) Overseas .. .. .. •• 5 •• Jj Fees and books .. .. . 170* 39 209 Miscellaneous facilities ...... 28 5 33 Totals .. .. • ■ 341 56 397 __ * The disparity between the grants for books and fees and the grants for full-time bursaries is accounted for by grants of books and fees to part-time and correspondent students.

H.—lB

Table XV.— Showing Number of Applications for Educational Courses approved from Outset up to 31st March, 1944

Table XVI.—Showing Farm-training Results as at 31st March, 1944

Table XVII.—Showing Land-settlement Results as at 31st March 1944

N. 8.—(1) In addition to the nine men established as Crown tenants under the Small Farms Act, five other ex-servicemen have been established similarly on a twelve months' probation, after which they will probably be granted the lease. (2) The Servicemen's Settlement and Land Sales Court procedure has not been operating sufficiently long to have permitted the establishment of any men under it.

39

Course. Ex-overseas. Ex New Zealand. Total. Agriculture degree and diploma course 60 3 63 Architecture ........ 7 i 8 Arts course .. .. .. .. 22 8 30 Commercial (including Accountant's Pro- 88 10 98 fessional) Correspondence courses: Various .... 44 12 56 Correspondence courses: Education Depart- 8 2 10 ment Miscellaneous courses other than correspondence 11 3 14 Dentistry .. .. .. • • 4 .. 4 Diploma courses: Various .... 26 2 28 Engineering .. .. .. ■ ■ 25 7 32 Law .. .. .. .. • • 8 3 11 Medicine .. .. • • • ■ 12 2 14 Music .. .. .. • • • • 1 1 Science .. .. .. .. .. 26 2 28 Totals .. .. .. • • 341 56 397

Applicationa Approved Declined Withdrawn i'ailed to com- Under Completed (Jnder to Date. to Date. to Date. to Date plete Training. Training. Training. Action. Class of Training. L. Ex- Ex Ex- Ex Ex- Ex Ex- Ex Ex- Ex Ex- Ex Ex- Ex Ex- Ex o/seas. N.Z. o/seas. N.Z. o/seas. N.Z. o/seas. N.Z. o/seas. N.Z. o/seas. N.Z. o/seas. N.Z. o/seaB, N.Z. Dairy .. 67 4 53 1 5 2 5 2 2 .. 24 .. 10 7 Sheep .. 58 2 39 1 3 .. 6 1 2 .. 26 10 Mixed .. 40 2 28 .. .. 2 7 7 .. 2 .. 5 Poultry 16 1 13 1 .. .. 3 .. .. .. 13 1 4 Bee .. 2 3 2 .. .. 1 .. 1 1 1 Tobacco, hops, agri- 4 1 3 .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. 2 .. .. .. 1 culture, &c. Totals .. 187 13 138 3 8 6 21 4 6 .. 72 1 16 .. 23 1 N.B.—Included in the total of 73 men shown as under training are 15 men who have been placed with subsidy with private farmers.

Established with Aid of Established as Crown State Loans —mainly Tenants under Total. Freehold. Small Farms Act. Ex-overseas. Ex N.Z. Ex-overseas. Ex N.Z. Ex-overseas. Ex N.Z. 244 11 5 | M9

H.—lB

Table XVIII. -Showing Rehabilitation Loans authorized for Year ended 31st March, 1944, and to Date

40

(N.B.— Figures for year ended 31st March, 1944, follow the to-date figures and are in italics) Class of Loan. — — ~ Grand Total. Purchase of Farms, Residential. Tools of Trade. Furniture. Businesses. Miscellaneous. . &C. . Province. j , Erection of Houses. Purchase, &c. Supplementary. Total Resident, al. Am „„ ni Number. ! Amount. Number. Amount. Number. Amount. Number. Amount. Number. Amount. — — r~ i Number. I Amount. Number. | Amount. Number. | Amount. Number. [ Amount. 1 Auckland .. 39 jl06,254 29 36,540 119 124,890 4 6o0 148 |l62,080 32 962 311 2/,008 71 __ .. 406 228,550 Waikato .. 85 293,234 28 32,140 63 55,245 6 8 O 0 91 88,235 16 591 270 25,589 48 24,148 . .. 415 369,939 HaWk povS'.Bay U US 6 IjOO f 3 &S2 ./ ™ 49 fsfolo il wl *I'S) fs S " !! 194 96,695 Taranaki .. 16 53,005 2 2,570 18 14,235 .. .. 20 16,805 .. .. 79 7,551 4 2,035 76 54,560 Wellington .. 28 90,075 23 29,780 121 137,08o 2 250 144 167, llo 23 564 498 45,082 89 .. 607 277,607 West S RS I MS tt ll'S 1 S 3 S Sffl !! ~ aSSL, .. g -,505 22 26,855 241 239,435 U I.«0 » -,030 38 778 356 32,150 54 16,921 1 33 736 373,417 0tag ° •• - S fr'SI $ two % fs'S 125 39 Ts'S » 4U W u'S 34 1 « Ifo Southland .. 10 26,415 2 2,400 32 32,230 5 325 34 34,955 4 121 72 6,61. 13 4,103 ■■ — -1 4,240 a - lal'g 1 ?3 *"

H.—lB

Table XIX.—Showing Special Grants authorized by Rehabilitation Board and Rehabilitation Committees as at 31st March, 1944

Table XX. —Showing Allocation of State Rental Houses to Ex-servicemen during Period 1st April, 1943, to 31st March, 1944, and to Date

Table XXI. —Showing Progress towards Re-establishment of all Leg and Arm Amputee Ex-servicemen returned and ex-camps, New Zealand, as at 31st March, 1944

41

Number of . Grants. Amount " (a) Authorized by Board— £ s. d. Ex-overseas .. .. .. 37 1,047 1 1 Ex New Zealand .. .. 17 413 0 0 Sub-total .. .. 54 1,460 1 1 (b) Authorized by Rehabilitation Committees — Ex-overseas .. .. .. 73 631 15 3 Ex New Zealand .. .. 33 286 9 .9 Sub-total .. .. 106 918 5 0 Total .. .. .. 160 2,378 6 1

Number of Houses and Flats let to Ex-servicemen. StlU P endm gProvince. 7TT7 j n . p . . p . . _ . . Returned 0t^ era < and During Period. Previously. Total. Servicemen. Q H . ome , servicemen). Auckland .. .. 213 250 463 925 12,759 Waikato .. .. 69 32 101 194 1,111 Hawke's Bay, Poverty Bay 43 19 62 91 680 Taranaki .... 35 13 48 62 389 Wellington .. .. 302 115 417 924 10,285 Nelson, Marlborough, West 20 5 25 58 456 Coast Canterbury .. .. 73 100 173 272 2,417 Otago .. .. 71 33 104 131 908 Southland .... 30 6 36 21 138 Totals .. .. 856 573 1,429 2,678 29,138

Ex-overseas. Ex New Zealand. Stage of Re-establishment. 2 Arm Leg Arm Amputee. Amputee. Amputee. Amputee. On service pay, not yet discharged (still receiving 8 7 .. 2 treatment) On pension .. .. .. .. .. 3 On pension, awaiting fitting and placement .. .. 2 .. 1 On pension, not yet fit for fitting of limb .. .. 3 3 .. 1 On pension, recuperating but limb not to be fitted .. .. 1 On pension, recuperating and awaiting fitting .. 2 6 .. 1 On pension, fitted but still recuperating .. 37 2 .. 2 On pension, fitted and awaiting placement .. .. 2 On pension, unfitted and placed .. .. .. 3 2 1 On pension, unfitted arid self-placed .. .. 7 5 On pension, fitted and placed .. .. 27 21 5 1 On pension, fitted and self-placed .. .. 45 16 3 1 On pension, fitted and granted special bursaries .. 3 2 On service pay, fitted and awaiting placement .. 1 On service pay, fitted but still recuperating .. 5 Returned to military service .. .. .. 1 .. 1 1 Total .. .. .. .. ..149 65 11 9 ■ .

11.—18

Table XXII. -Showing Progress in Artificial-limb Manufacturing and Fitting up to 31st March, 1944

Table XXIII. -Showing Ex-servicemen undergoing Training with Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League as at 31st March, 1944

Table XXIV. -Showing Ex-servicemen absorbed into Industry after Training with Disabled Servicemen's Re-establishment League as at 31st March, 1944

42

Recuperating prior to In process of being Fitting. Fitted. Fitted. Nature of Fitting. ~Ex-overseas. Ex N.Z. Ex-overseas. | Ex N.Z. Ex-overseas. | Ex N.Z. Two legs .. •• •• •• ■ • | q o One leg .... 25 2 3 .. 118 8 Two arms .. • • 2 .. • ■ • • • • " One arm .. .. 16 3 6 1 41 5 Totals .... 43 5 9 1 162 14

Undergoing Training. Trade. Total - Ex-overseas. Ex New Zealand. Cabinetmaking .. .. • • 32 4 36 Clerical .. .. • • • • • • Basket-ware .. • ■ • ■ ~ l Arts and crafts .. • • • • • Artificial limbs .. ■ • ■ • 4 j Boot-repairing .. • • ■ • 11 " French polishing .. .. •• 2 .. Leather work .. ■ • • • 11 * Mops 2 1 A Paua shell . ■ • • • ■ ' . Rope work .. • • • • 1 Upholstery ,. • ■ • • 1 ■ Totals 82 13 95

Absorbed into Industry. Occupation Employed. Established in Own Enterprise. Placed. Self-placed. With Assistance. Assistence. Boot-repairer .. • • • ■ • • • • Cabinetmaker .. • • • • " • • Carpenter .. .. • • • • • • Clerk .. • • • • • • 1 ' French polisher, leather work Labourer .. .. ■ • ■ • Messenger .. .. • • • • 1 • • Painter .. • ■ • • ■ • • • r Plasterer .. . • • ■ • • ■ ■ Shop-manager .. ■. • • 1 Splint-maker .. • • • • 1 Storeman .. • • • • • • • • ' Tool-sharpener .. • • • • • ■ Totals .. •• " i 7 1° J 2 1 Note.—In addition, fivemen who were employed with the League for training were unable to continue on account of disability.

H.—lB

Table XXV. —Showing Progress towards Re-establishment of all Maori Ex-servicemen and Ex-servicewomen as at 31st March, 1944

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (2,180 copies), £110.

By Authority: E Y. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 944.

/Vi'ce'is.]

43

Table XXY. —Showing Progress towards Re-establishment op all Maori Ex-servicemen and Ex-servicewomen as at 31st March, 1944 Ex-overseas. Ex New Zealand. —— Total. Men. Women. Men. Women. 1. Not yet discharged (remains on pay) .. .. 123 .. 27 .. 150 2. Returned to military service .. .. .. 24 1 11 .. 36 3. Still on privilege leave .. .. .. .. 12 .. 1 .. 13 4. Serving civil sentences .. .. .. .. 6 .. 3 .. 9 5. In mental institutions .. .. .. .. 1 .. 2 .. 3 6. In hospitals, sanatoria, &c. .. . . .. 34 .. 6 .. 40 7. Recuperating, but not as institution inmates: Enrolled 23 .. 13 .. 36 7a. Recuperating, but not as institution inmates: Not 151 .. 44 1 196 enrolled 8. Intentions undecided but following up .. .. 11 .. 12 .. 23 9. Undergoing full-time training in— (a) Carpentry .. .. .. .. .. 22 .. 12 .. 34 (b) Engineering (c) Boot and shoe manufacturing (d) Transferred to Disabled Servicemen's League 2 .. .. .. 2 for training (e) Wool-classing (/) Farming .. .. .. .. .. 5 .. .. .. 5 (g) Students (full time) .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 10. Placed with pre-service employer .. .. ,. .. .. 1 .. 1 11. Self-placed with pre-service employer .. .. 59 .. 133 2 194 12. Placed with subsidy with other private employer .. .. .. 1 .. 1 13. Placed without subsidy with other private employer .. 38 39 3 80 14. Self-placed with other private employer .. .. 161 .. 115 2 278 15. Placed with subsidy in State employment 16. Placed without subsidy iu State employment .. 19 .. 9 .. 28 16a. Self-placed without subsidy in State employment .. 13 .. 9 .. 22 17. Placed under State settlement schemes 18. Returned to own business .. .. .. .. 2 .. 4 .. 6 18a. Returned to own farm .. .. .. .. 21 .. 27 .. 48 19. Acquired own business .. .. ,. .. 3 .. 2 .. 5 19a. Acquired own farm .. .. .. .. 3 .. 1 .. 4 20. Depending on private means .. .. .. 2 .. 3 .. 5 21. Action closed as refusing all help .. ,. .. 3 .. 13 .. 16 22. Enrolled for placement (fit) 23. Left New Zealand 24. Unable to trace (final) .. .. .. .. 4 .. 10 1 15 24a. Temporarily lost contact .. .. .. .. 5 .. 6 .. 11 25. Deceased .. .. .. .. .. 16 .. 5 .. 21 26. Established a home (women) .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 Total of sections 1-26 inclusive —i.e., total returned 765 1 509 11 1,286 or demobilized to date Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (2,180 copies), £110. By Authority: E Y. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.—1944. Pnce'is.]