EDUCATION: STATE CARE OF CHILDREN, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E-4, 1921.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1922 Session I, E-04

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1922. NEW ZEALAND.

EDUCATION: STATE CARE OF CHILDREN, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E-4, 1921.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

No. I.—EXTRACT FROM THE FORTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION. State Care of Dependent and Delinquent Children and Infant-life Protection. The Special Schools Branch of the Education Department provides (1) for the maintenance, training, and general upbringing of neglected and homeless and orphan children committed by Courts to the care of the State, for the training of delinquent children and juvenile offenders, for the supervision of all young persons (male and female) placed on temporary probation by the Courts ; (2) for the supervision of all infants under the age of six years maintained apart from their parents or adopted with premium, for the general supervision of children for whose upkeep pensions are paid, under the widows' pensions scheme, and for the investigation of applications for the adoption of children ; and (3) for the education and maintenance of all afflicted children—deaf, blind, feeble-minded, and for children with defective speech. The total number of children in the care of the State in 1921 was 5,157, classed under the following headings : —■ Boarded out, industrial schools, receiving-homes, &c. .. .. .. 3,830 Juvenile: probation . . .. .. . . .. .. .. 272 Infant-life: protection . . . . .. .. . . .. 70(i Deaf children .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 148 Feeble-minded children .. .. .. .. .. .. 201 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,157 The number of children committed to the care of the State during the year was 528 ; classified according to reason for committal as follows : Destitution, 156 ; vagrancy, 44; associating with disreputable persons, 14; not under proper control, 162 ; uncontrollable (complaint by parents), 13 ; transferred from gaol, 17 ; accused or guilty of punishable offences, 89 ; and, in addition, 33 were admitted by private arrangement. Classified according to age at the time of admission the numbers are as follows : Under six months, 45 ; over six months and under one year, 23 ; from one to five years, 102 ; from five to ten years, 120 ; from ten to fourteen years, 139 ; and over fourteen years, 99.

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Numbers under Control. At the end of the year there were 3,830 children under control (excluding those mentioned under separate headings below), and of these 136 were in residence at Government receiving-homes, probation homes, training-farms, and training institutions, and 167 in private industrial schools ; 2,035 children were boarded out in foster-homes, 754 were in situations, and 477 residing under license with relatives anel friends. The remainder were in various homes or institutions. Of the boarded-out children 1.20 are over the age of fourteen years and are still attending primary schools, 30 are receiving higher education (10 technical and 20 secondary), and a number are apprentices partly maintained by the State. The children over school age in employment number 643 males and 350 females (included in the total of 3,830). Of the males, 490 arc farm workers (18 skilled in dairy-work and cheesemaking and 478 competent to milk and carry out general farm-work), 36 are apprentices, and 111. otheis are employed in various trades. Of the girls there are 315 domestic workers, .1.4 apprentices, 21 factory employees, and 14 engaged in various employments such as shop-assistants, nurses, dressmakers, typists, kindergarten trainees, &c. Juvenile, Probation System,. The functions of Juvenile Probation Officers are to assist the Courts in ascertaining the lull facts regarding parents, conditions of homes, and environment of all children brought under the notice of the police, to supervise and befriend any juveniles placed on probation by the various Magistrates, and to undertake, on the application of the parents, the supervision of any children who are inclined to become uncontrollable. Tn addition, all male inmates of industrial schools or training-farms placed in situations, or with relatives or friends, are supervised by the Juvenile Probation Officers. There were 1,121 cases dealt with by the Courts in the principal centres of population throughout the year, and of these only 412 were actually admitted to receiving-homes or training institutions, 249 were placed on probation and supervised in their own homes, and the remainder were dealt with generally in a summary maimer not calling for supervision by Probation Officers. Infant-life Protection and Adoption of Children. At the end of the year there were 70.6 children under the age of six years maintained in 562 foster-homes. Of these 460 homes each had one child, 73 had two children each, and 20 homes hael three each. The payments for the maintenance of each e:hild ranged from 7s. (id. to £2 2s. a, week, but the average rate of payment was approximately 14s. a week. Adoptions. During the year 420 children were adopted, anel in 39 of these cases premiums were received, by the Department's agents and paid out at the rate of 15s. a week for each child concerned. Of the total number of children adopted, 73 were under the age of six months, 53 under twelve months, and 182 under the age of six years. Care and' Training op Afflicted Children. School for the Deaf, Sumner. The pupils under instruction during the year numbered 1.48, and of these 36 were day pupils anel 112 boarders. In 1920 special day classes for partially deaf children and for stammerers were established in Auckland, Wellington, and Dunedin, which have been continued with highly successful results, about 100 children being in attendance at the classes. Provision has also been made in these centres for night classes for the instruction of the adult deaf, 70 persons afflicted in this manner attending the classes in 1921. During the winter vacation lectures on the principles and teachings of speech were delivered by the Director of the school to teachers and students in several of the centres of population.

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Special Schools for the Feeble-minded. There are two such special schools one at Richmond for girls, and one at Otekaike, near Oaniaru, for boys. The number of girls in residence at Richmond during the year was 56, and the number of boys at Otekaike 145. Expenditure. The total net expenditure by the Department for the year 1921-22 on the above services was as follows : — £ School for the de:af .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,034 Education of the blind .. .. .. .. .. 101 Schools for the feeble-minded .. - .. .. .. .. 11, 190 Industrial schools, receiving-homes, probation system, boardirjg-oul system, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 108,622 Total .. .. .. .... .. £125,947

No. 2.—-REPORT OF THE OFFICER IN CHARGE, INDUSTRIAL AND SPECIAL SCHOOLS BRANCH (INCLUDING AFFLICTED CHILDREN AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION). Sir, - Education Department, 22nd July, L 922. 1 have the honour to submit the following report on the work- of the Industrial and Special Schools Branch for last year : - The Branch carries out the following phases of social-welfare work : (I.) Maintenance, supervision, anel training of all destitute, dependent, and delinquent children committed to the care of the State. (2.) Supervision of children and juvenile offenders placed on probation by the Courts. (•'J.) Supervision of all infants under six yeans of age maintained for payment apart from their parents or guardians. (4.) Supervision of children in cases where widows' pensions are paid by the State. (5.) Education and training of afflicted children over the age of six years. The definition " afflicted " includes deaf, blind, or improvable feeble-minded children, and chilclren partially deaf or suffering from defective speech, and stammerers. The following figures show the: number of children dealt with under the foregoing Leadings Nos. (I), (2), (3), and (5) :— Industrial schools, receiving-homes, and probation homes . . . . 3,830 Juvenile probation .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 272 Infant-life protection .. .. .. . . .. .. 706 Afflicted children Deaf .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. IIS Feeble-minded .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 201 5,157 Boarding-out System. The: majority of the children committed to the care of the Stale are not detained in institutions, but are boardoel out in foster-homes situated mainly n suburban areas and in districts in close: proximity to the: smaller centres of population. At the end of the year there' were 2,035 children boarded out 1,974 from Government receiving-homes and fil from private industrial schools (Roman Catholic). Arrange'el according to the ages of the' children the numbers at 30th June, 1922, are: as follows: Under five years, 126; from live: to ten years, 763; from ten te) twelve years, 352; from twelve to thirteen years, 194; from thirteen to fourteen years, 194; and over fourteen years. 125. These numbers include nearly 400 epidemic orphans of all ages, who are placed mainly with relatives. It is pleasing to note' that the authorities of private, industrial schools (especially St. Mary's, Auckland) have adopted the boarding-out system to a, limite:el extent for the purpose of providing for the' children belonging te: these schools. The: rate' paid to the foster-parents for the' maintenance of each child is 15s. a week, but for infants under twelve: months 17s. (id. a week is paid. Each child is provided with a very complete initial outfit, the foster-parents being required to maintain the clothing at this standard. Medical attendance, medicines, and dentistry are: provieied by the. Department, as alsei are schoe)]-books and school stationery. Upon Boarding-out Officers anel Managers of Receiving-homes rests the responsibility of selecting proper homes and of supervising the inmates in these homes. No hard-and-fast rules can be laid down as lii the type of hemic to be selected, or the nu:mbe:r of times a, hemic should be visited, or the' methods e>f supervision. Much depends upon the: personality, ability, and intuition of tho officer concerned. Frequent visiting is advocated in the interests of the children, and as a

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general rule this is carried out; but the Department arranges a further safeguard by obtaining confidential reports every quarter from the: headmasters or class-tcache:rs of the schools which the children attend. Whe:re:ver possible arrangements are also made for local honorary Lady Visitors to visit the foster-homes monthly, or oftencr if necessary, and generally to keep a friendly eye on the children concerned. For certain types of dependent children there is no question that the boarding-out system is superior to all other systems of dealing with them. The fact that under the boarding-out system children have the opportunity of growkig up as ordinary members of the community under decent conditions is in itself sufficient to commend the system apart from any other consideration in its favour. Associated with boarding out, it is essential that there should be cottage homes where a preliminary training in correct habits and discipline may be carried out. This is provide:d for in the receivinghomes for children and older girls, and in probation homes for boys. As these homes are of limited capacity, the period for which any one child is kept in residence is necessarily limited, but further provision is made at the Boys' Training-farm, Weraroa, and at the Cavershani Industrial School for the accommodation for periods up to twelve months (or longer if necessary) of boys and girls respectively who after a trial at board fail to do well. Juvenile Probation System. The results obtaincel during the past live years have: proved be:yond doubt the e:fficacy of probation under propesr supervision as a means of reforming tho largo number of boys and youths who, on account of the lack of proper home conditions, woulel, but for the intervention of the Department, drift into a career of crime and general lawlessness. Difficulty has been experienced, however, in obtaining the services of capable Probation Officers. To be successful as a Probation Officer a man must have exceptional qualifications : lie: must possess initiative, be sympathetic though firm, and must at all times be: prepared to de:votc the whole of his time to his work. For the man who carriess out his eluty properly there can be no fixed hours he must be pre:parcd to respond at all times to any call for assistance or advice. Probably the most important part of a Probation Officer's work lies in home-visiting, and in many cases he is called upon to insist on reforms on the part of the pare:nts and in the home conditions as a necessary aid in the reformation of the boy. The numbers dealt with by the Juvenile Probation Officers in the main centres during last year are shown in the following table : —

Children dealt with by the Courts in the various Districts in the Year 1921.

si! Plf *£6 CD bD « ■as d oj lis .Ii p I 8 a B S « oS • hS a xi-f a a ! £ ra co >> a .R I ch I £ R I 8P 02 fi Ph «S M j £ T3 a • a m bo.a Ii i 3 o 4C» oo "p -a § bu d CD UJ J-d d o 02 I S «S oi -a -a .2 » a <3« SPB o II I 1 P Ei p North Auckland Auckland South Auckland VVanganui Hawke's Bay Palmerston North Wellington .. Nelson West Coast .. North Canterbury South Canterbury Otago Southland 5 If 1 6 1 5 3 5 20 9 6 3 i i 15 92 25 16 25 15 113 3 7 65 25 65 19 5 44 4 1 32 22 1 ii 9 1 i 2 3 n 16 2 4 i 8 2 i i 3 12 13 7 6 4 11 '7 2 4 1 i 2 43 6 4 i 1 3 18 18 II i 9 1 2 2 14 2 2 1 29 3 3 3 2 2 2 1 5 2 i 2 i 2 2 i Totals . . 21 36 9 1 12 1 3 18 26 n 140 59 485 140 47 43 i O +- 1 61) cp d w f p II 0 m i <§« of? ° P p 60 bt EC g a a E co co cj3 a O ,-! H be g> ■g I s % M « O «{ S.3 £ £.1 bo cd fi O M i a a CO CO •^ e cfl fi . oj d w .2 PR SB eg p. s H ti ■5? .16 5 d CD I 8 "a ©• H North Auckland Auckland South Auckland Wanganui Hawke's Bay Palmerston North Wollington Nelson West Coast North Canterbury South Canterbury Otago Southland ' 5 1 1 5 !! 2 .. .'! I !! i i .. '.'. '.'. i 1 1 2 .. 2 i i 13 2 1 i 30 303 46 23 56 19 226 6 17 139 51 152 44 i 4 i '3 i i i 2 .! .! 4 3 3 i 2 Totals . . 14 I I 2 I 6 3 I 3 1 4 i i I 1 13 2 1,121 i

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The numbers dealt with by the Juvenile Probation Officers in the main centres during the year totalled 1,121, and wore dealt with as shown in the following table:—

Assisted Service, Higher Service, . and Employment ok State Children over School Age. An important part of the work carrie:d out by Managers of institutions, Boarding-out Officers, and Juvenile Probation Officers is the placing of State children in suitable avenues of employment. On the care and discrimination exercised by these officers in this work depends the future of the children, and also the question whether, when they reach the adult stage, these young charges will become assets or liabilities to the State. The Department is fully alive to the importance of this particular phase of the work, and, as a matter of fact, reviews the action taken in each individual case. As a general rule these young people are encouraged to take up rural occupations, as experience has shown that for the majority of lads who are taken from the crowded city areas life in the country offers the best chance of permanent reformation. There are a considerable number, of course, who are eminently suitable for trades and similar occupations, and for these the Department finds suitable openings. In the case of the latter considerable difficulty is experienced in boarding them in suitable homes ; probably this difficulty could be got over to a certain extent by utilizing part of the: accommodation at each receiving-home and probation home for the purpose of housing these young people in the early stages of apprenticeship at least. At the end of 1921 there were twenty-seven children at service receiving assistance (assisted service in most cases refers to apprenticeship). There were 30 children receiving higher education— 20 secondary and 10 technical. In addition there were 120 children over the age of fourteen years still attending the: public schools and being maintained by the Department. ' Nature of Employment at 31st December, 1921, of Boys having left School. At the end of the year there were 496 farm workers —18 skilled in dair.y-work and oheescmaking and 478 others competent to carry out general farm-work. There: were 36 boys apprenticed as folleiws : 5 bootmakers, 4 coach builders, 3 carpenters, 3 bakers, 3 printers and bookbinders, 3 painters, 2 engineers, 2 cabinetmakers, 2 saddlers, 2 french-polishers, 1 joiner, f electrical engineer, 1 basketmaker, 1 boatbuilder, 1 confectioner, 1 barber, and 1 jockey. Boys otherwise employed (not apprenticed) totalled 111, as follows : 24 labourers, 17 factory hands, 10 clerks, 9 shop-assistants, 6 bootmakers, 4 blacksmiths, 4 orchardists, 3 seamen, 3 Post Office employees, 3 motor mechanics, 3 butchers, 3 painters, 2 joiners, 2 cabinetmakers, 2 carpenters, 2 minors, 2 bakers, 2 gardeners, 1 basketmaker, 1 foundry-worker, 1 tinsmith, 1 tile-worker, 1 ironmonger, 1 elriver, 1 cycle-worker, 1 fireman, 1 railway employee, and 1 domestic help. Total number of boys employed was therefore 643 (496 form workers, 36 apprentices and 111 others). Nature of Employment at 31st December, 1921, of Girls having left. School. There were 315 domestics ; 14 apprentices (9 dressmakers, 3 bookbinders, 1 tailoress, anel 1 milliner) ; 21 factory employees and 14 in other employment as follows : 3 shop-assistants, 2 laundresses, 2 tailoresses, 2 clerks, 2 waitresses, 1 nurse, 1 dressmaker, and 1 telephone exchange employee. This gives a total of 350 girls employed (315 domestics, 14 apprentices, 21 factory employees, and 1.4 others). Admissions during 1921. During the year 528 children were committed to the care of the Department (519 to Government schools and 9to private industrial schools), as compared with 535 for the previous year. The following tabic shows the new admissions according to age : — Beiys. Girls. Total. Under six months . . .. . , .. 22 23 45 Over six months and under one year . . . . . . 12 11 23 One year to five years . . . . . . 56 46 102 Five years to ten years .. . . . . 75 45 120 Ten years to fourteen years . . .. . . 92 47 139 Over fourteen years .. .. .. 68 31 99 Totals .. .. .. ..325 203 528

Oistriet. CD O o o fl cS — fl 44 44 So o o a £ o a o pi s V H '•B j tj TJ fl fl n tj rrjTj ,fl TJ w t c '3 £? 'fi * 2 B 0 fl I-H o I Ed a B 4H TJ 9 a cl T3 a TJ I 3 Q b o 1 p fl Q d CO ■a CD I h !• ..s 5.1 s .OjH 5 2 « I'll ill p. o |2t£ H I i # ! © >> S 4-1 H a a<l fe. O 13 1 tr rQ TS fl 13 § o H4 M 2a O fl TJ fl CD rt ca 6 <D O fl ■? s g-Sco s '■§ fl 4. o ■5" I § & P. <S * 42 2 •3 'g II 1 I 5 I d 4* fl si flW V 00 Is ■§ H I 39 303 46 23 66 19 226 6 17 139 51 152 44 North Auckland Auckland .. South Auckland Wanganui .. Hawke's Bay Palmerston North Wellington Nelson West Coast North Canterbury South Canterbury Otago Southland .. .. 15 | .. .. 106 I .. ..8 .. ..8 .. .. 37 3 . . .. 71 .. .. j 4 .. 3 .. .. 46 .. .. 22 ..49 1 .. 18 .. 15 52 18 5 5 11 34 2 1 61 12 19 14 9 91 2 j 3 1 13 4 6 10 5 8 12 6 2 i .. 1 i i i i 1 1 5 i 2 1 4 6 1 1 4 i 8 1 .. 96 i i 6 3 i 3 3 3 10 10 9 48 9 2 4 •• ! 2 1 i .. 'i ! l 3 5 ii 2 i i 6 1 1 4 4 3 6 2 1 1 2 .. i 2 6 .. I " I Totals ..390 1 21!) 8 288 35 I 25 I ! 8 29 22 11 2 11 22 5 4 1 1 1 1,121 20

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Table: 14 attached to this report shows the new admissions classified according to the causes of admission, Of the total number (528), 156 were destitute, 175 not under proper control, and 89 hael been charged with punishable offences. Of the children admitted under these three headings all excepting 58 were placed out in foster-homes before the end of the year. Table 17 gives particulars of the character en- state of the parents at the time' of the 1 admission of the children-. From this table- I have selected the following figure's showing (1) the number of children of drunken parents, anel (2) the number of children of feeble-minded parents. Admission of Children during 1921 on account of the Drinking Habits of one or both Parents. Drunken mother .. . . .. .. .. .. 28 Drunken father .. .. .. .. .. .. 52 Both parents drunkards .. .. . . .. .. .. 8 88 Admission of Children during 1921 on account of Menial Deficiency of one or both Parents. Mentally deficient mother . . . . . . .. . . .. 30 Mentally deficient father .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 Both, parents defective mentally .. .. .. .. .... 40 The following figures show the number of committals to industrial schools for the past twelve years: Year 1910, 290 ; 1911,389: 1912,405: 1913,328; 1914,405: average for five years before the war, 363. Year 1915, 453 ; 1916,436; 1917,358; 1.918,381; 1919,864; 1920, 535 ;' 1921, 528 : average for seven years after commencement of war, 508 (excluding epidemic orphans the average is 440).

Schools for the Feeble-minded. Numbers at 31st December, 1921.

Particulars of Expenditure for the Year 1921-22.

In residence On vacation With friends . . At service In hospital Missing In probation homes Riohmond. 39 12 1 4 I (Itekaike. .1.25 14 3 I 2 Total. 164 26 1 4 3 1 2 Totals 56 145 201

Stoke. Otekaike. Richmond. Total. I I £ £ £ £ Salaries .. .. .. .. 3.305 4,184 1,420 8,969 Advertising .. .. .. .. .. 10 .. 10 Maintenance of buildings . . .. .. lit) 152 213 475 Maintenance of institutions .. .. 636 3.640 1,487 5,763 Additional buildings .. .. .. Or. 368 460 .. 92 £ 4,184 10 152 3.640 460 £ 1,420 213 1,487 £ 8,969 10 475 5,763 92 3,743 8,446 3,120 15,309 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. 835 Recoveries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,955 3,120 Net cost to Department .. .. .. .. .. £11,189 _J . I have, &c, J. Bbok, Officer in Charge, Special Schools Branch. The Director of Education, Wellington.

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No. 3.—SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF, SUMNER. REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR (ABRIDGED). I have the honour to lay before' you my report for the year 1921. The, number of pupils under instruction during the year is shown in the following tabulated statement: — Hoys. Girls. Total. Pupils of 1.920 who returned to the school .. .52 44 96 Admitted during 1921 .. .. .. ..30. 22 52 Total under instruction .. .. .. 82 66 148 Absent .. .. .. .. .. ..1 3 4 Total on roll .. .. .. .. .. ..83 69 152 Left during the year 1921 .. .. .. ..35 15 50 Expected to return in 1922 .. .. .. ..48 54 102 Of the L4B pupils under instruction, 38 attended as day pupils and I 10 as boarders at the school. The, pupils may be classified as under:— Boys. Girls. Totals. Deaf children.. .. .. .. .. ..57 55 112 Lip reading pupils (adults) .. .. .. ..2 7 9 Children witn defective articulation .. .. ...13 4 17 Stammerers . . . . , . . . . . 10 . . 10 Totals .. .. .. ..82 66 148 Special day classes, similar to the special class which was instituted in Wellington in 1920, were opened early in the year at Auckland and at Dunedin, and were staffed by teachers from this school. They are attended by partially deaf children that are unable to profit by the instruction given at the public schools, and also by children who stammer or who have other defects of speech. Most of tho latter attend as part-time pupils. The number of pupils admitted to these classes up to the end of the year was as follows : Wellington, 55 pupils ; Auckland, 40 pupils ; Dunedin, 60 pupils ; In connection with each of these special classes there is an evening class for the adult eleaf, who are given instruction in lip-reading. The number of sue-li that have: attended up to the present is as follows : Wellington, 19 ; Auckland, 27 ; Dunedin, 25. As these' classes for deafened adults are becoming better known they are increasing in size at a rate which tends to become em harassing, there being a limit to the number that can be taken by a, single, teacher in each centre. The lip-readers attending these classes are very enthusiastic, and in each of the three towns mentioned have formed themselves into a club, meeting two or three limes a week for practice, which is the main thing in lip-reading. It woulel be of advantage if a special clay class similar to those already established in Auckland, Wellington, and Dunedin wen- instituted in Christchurch, In the schools in anel around the latter city are many children whose speech requires correction, and who could attend a special class if centrally situated, but who cannot spare the' time to come to Sumner. (The same applies to the adult deaf of the districts. Meanwhile the general education of many eif these defective' speakers is being seriously retarded for the want of a little skilled treatment. Defective speech is often, of course, a natural accompaniment and result of feeble mentality, but freqeuntly it is not, anel in the latter event it is readily corre'cfable by any teacher who understands the mechanism e>f speech. The necessity of all young teachers receiving as part of their training a thorough knowledge of the mechanism of speech, anel also some practical,experience in the work of speech-correction, is ervident. 1 am afraid that far too little of this special knowledge is possessed by most teachers, though it is pleasing to finel in some' quarters a growing appreciation of its importance. Of the 112 deaf children under instruction, 24 came from the Auckland District, 5 from Taranaki, 7 from Hawke's Bay (inclusive of Gisborne), 17 from Wellington, 5 from Nelson and Marlborough, 26 from Canterbury, 27 from Otago, and 1 from Australia. As I have repeatedly pointed out, nei time shoulel lee lost by parents or by teachers in cases of acquired deafness. Lip-reading is muoh me>re readily learned before deafness becomes total than afterwards. There' is a mistaken notion prevalent that its acquirement is prejudicial to the hearing, but this is entirely erroneous, even though it be held in some cases by medical men who ought to kneiw better, As a, matter of fact, through relieving ear-strain, it is more' likely to be beneficial than otherwise. In almost all cases eif acepiired deafness, unless lip-reading is resorted 'to, a highly morbid anel gloomy state of mind is set up, which has a most detrimental effect on future progress, anel which can only be prevented by restoring the deaf person to social intercourse by means of lip-reading. Hence the promptly reporting of all cases of deafness, either complete or partial, shoulel be regarded as a matteu' of urgency by all responsible porsems, more especially by teachers. There are certain facts about deafness that should be known to all teachers and parents. One of these is that if a, child becomes eleaf at an early age- it will become: quite dumb in a few months time', unless it be properly taught. This applies to children up to the age of eight years. After that age, whore hearing is completely lost, the speech does not, as a, rule, entirely disappear, but has a tendency to become weak and inaudible, and the child exhibits a growing disinclination te> speak at all, which in course' of time renders it almost dumb. If such children are given the benefit of special instruction without any loss of time: their speech will remain natural always. Another fact that shoulel be more generally known is that by the' Education Act of 1914, parents, teachers, and others are bound under a penalty to send notification of cases of deafness among children to the Minister of Education. Parents should get the advice of a specialist at tho very first symptom e>f auditory trouble in their chilclren, No time should be lost in the matter, as prevention is better thiin cure, There are forms eif deafness which, if taken in time, can lie remedied by skilled treat-

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ment, but it is most dangerous for the ear to be interfered with by any person other than a properly qualified aural surgeon. If such a man can do nothing for a deaf child it is mere waste of time and money going elsewhere for advice, more especially to impostors who claim to be able to cure permanently the worst cases of deafness. The general health of the children was good during the year. School was interrupted for a time by an outbreak of measles anel chicken-pox, but there were no serious cases of illness. Farming and gardening operations were again carried on successfully, the total value of tho produce raised eiuring the, year being over £530. I have, efec, J. E. Stevens, The Director of Education, Wellington. Director, School of tho Deaf. EXPENDITURE ON THE SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF, 1921-22. £ Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,294 Advertising, &c. .. .. .. . . .. .. 1.8 Maintenance of pupils and sundry expenses .. .. .. 2,407 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. 288 Maintenance of buildings, furnishing, &c. . . . . . . 369 New buildings .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 8,415 Less Parental contributions and amount received from Hospital and Charitable Aid Board .. .. .. .." ..2,288 Income from investments .. .. .. .. .. 53 Sale of farm products .. .. .. .. .. 40 2,381 . Net expenditure . . . . . . .. ~ £6, 034 The net expenditure for the year 1920-21 was £6,050.

No. 4.—STATISTICS: INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL AND PROBATION SYSTEM, AND SPECIAL SCHOOLS.

Table II. —Expenditure on Industrial Schools and Probation System, Io: iools and Pro: iation System, 1921-22. i T ,-,. ,.■ General Repairs to Buildings, t,t„... t>..h u,.„r. Institution. Maintenance. Furnishings, Ac. New Buildings. Repairs to Buildings, Furnishings, &o. New Buildings. Totals. Receiving home— £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s d. Auckland .. .. .. .. 676 14 5 84 18 G Hamilton .. .. .. .. 1,511 3 4 38 16 10 16 3 Wanganui .. .. .. .. 418 G 8 0 13 6 4 19 6 Napier .. .. .. .. 1,304 11 8 26 1 10 7 19 0 Boys'Training-farm, Weraroa, .. .. 5,137 0 9 68G 17 8 Receiving-homo, Wellington .. .. 2,468 19 2 20 17 9 Children's Home, Miramar .. .. 292 9 0 3 17 435 17 9 Receiving-home, Nelson .. . . 840 3 4 83 7 2 Receiving-home, Christchuroh .. .. 2,689 0 4 47 9 4 207 12 7 TeOrangaHome .. .. .. 7 18 1.06 8 11 0 15 0 Burnham Industrial School .. Or. 336 11 1 Caversham Industrial School .. .. 2,843 7 3 233 9 4 319 12 8 Boarding-out officers .. .. .. 47 12 3 100 3 5 15 0 Probation Homes— Auckland .. .. .. .. 817 4 4 174 13 8 26 16 8 Wellington .. .. .. . . 372 2 6 17 17 11 93 1 5 Christchuroh .. .. .. 1,461 9 0 24 12 10 26 13 10 Dunedin ... .. .. .. 345 15 6 21 10 2 8 2 4 Inmates not resident at an institution .. 6,591 18 6 ... £ s. d. 84 18 G 38 16 10 0 13 6 26 1 10 68G 17 8 20 17 9 3 1 7 83 7 2 47 9 4 106 8 11 £ s d. I 0 3 4 19 6 7 19 0 435 17 9 207 12 7 0 15 0 £ s. d. 233 9 4 100 3 5 174 13 8 17 17 11 24 12 10 21 10 2 319*12 8 1 5 0 26 16 8 93 1 5 26 13 10 8 2 4 30,303 11 0 31,012 0 10 Totals .. .. .. 27,498 8 7 1,671 0 5 1,1.34 2 0 27,498 8 7 1,071 0 5 1,134 2 0 Salaries Boarding out— Payments to foster-parents .. .. .. .. 71,670 1 5 Payments to Postal Department for pay- .. .. 884 6 G mont of orders . Refund of maintenance payments.. Refund of inmates' earnings Repairs to Central Offices Travelling-expenses, rents, &c. 71,670 1 5 884 G G 72,554 7 11 152 9 5 58 18 11 11 4 0 9,51.7 14 8 Less recoveries— From parents and others .. .. .. .. .. 26,485 14 2 ,, Sales of farm-produce .. .. .. .. 4,278 6 0 „ Inmates'earnings for clothing, cfec. .. .. .. 5,792 1.0 10 „ Deficient outfits, &c. . . ,. .. .. .. 776 16 5 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. 161 6 9 143,610 0 9 37,494 14 2 Total net cost £100,115 12 7

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Table Ila. —Government Expenditure on Private (Roman Catholic) Schools, 1921-22. Gross Expenditure. & St. Mary's, Auckland .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,034 St. Joseph's, Upper Hutt .. .. .. .. .. 754 St. Mary's, Nelson .. .. 465 St. Vincent de Paul's, Dunedin .. .. .. .. .. 249 Total .. .. .. .. .. £2,502 Table 11 b. —Government Expenditure on the Maintenance op Inmates sent to Other Institutions, 1921-22. £ Door of Hope, Auckland .. .. .. -. .. 6 St. Mary's, Otahuhu .. .. .. .. . . 9 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. £15

Table I2. —Salaries and Cost of Maintenance of Government Industrial Schools (including Receiving-homes, Probation-homes, etc., and Special Schools for 1920-21, and 1921-22.

Table I 2a. —Gross Recoveries from Parents and Others. 1920-21. 1921-22. £ £ Industrial schools .. .. .. .. .. 19,548 22.620 Special schools .. .. .. .. .. 3,848 3,258 Charitable Aid Boards (industrial and special schools) .. 21,256 6,076 £44,652 £31,994

Table I2b.—Cash Sales of Farm-produce, 1921-22.

2—E. 4.

Salaries. Maintenance and Ag o of Schools lencios. 1920-21. 1921-22. 1920-21. 1921-22. Dare of State children School for the Deaf Schools for the Feeble-minded £ £ 28,416 31,012 6,396 5,294 11,548 8,969 £ 28,713. 2,283 8,148 £ 29,169 3,082 7.083 Totals .. 46,360 45,275 39,144 39,334

Item. Hoys' Training-farm, Weraroa. Special School, Otekaike. Special School, Nelson. Totals. Cheese Butter and butter-fat .. Milk Cream Eggs Poultry Vegetables Orchard Sheep Wool.. Cattle Hides Pigs .. Flour Cereals Mats and baskets Sundries £ s. d. 795 G 3 59 10 3 918 11 6 10 8 4 249 II 5 20 12 0 26 19 4 9 G 4 £ s. d. 217 4 4 31 8 3 0 19 3 7 19 i) £ s. d. 4 10 G 42 2 1 107 9 2 0 G 0 2 !) 5 338 0 7 127 1 G 47 1 3 22 0 0 7 8 7 7G 17 G £ s. d. 795 0 3 281 5 1 992 1 10 118 16 9 249 17 5 20 12 0 37 8 G 347 12 11 248 1 G 63 16 2 1,91.4 18 8 2!) 12 11 478 17 10 G 8 2 1,819 IG 8 13 17 5 303 5 8 121 0 0 IG 14 11 73 2 0 8 G 11 98 14 8 G 8 2 3G 12 3 131 18 4 9 5 G 2 2 0 3G 5 II 134 0 4 82 3 8 Totals I — 4,203 17 5 723 2 1 814 0 6 5,801 0 0

E.—4.

Table I3.—Numbers under Control at 31st December, 1921.

10

Government Schools. Particulars of Children belonging to the School. It ■ss II sz a Sa 3-6 CD ■O p 1 c Si M S P-: o 03 fjH S.Ph Eg™ P4 r° -1<5 S « Ph 3 c •>■ =F 8 ! i i £ fi o g Id Ph£:=. o o 0 -a B. i G. B. B. G. - B. B. G. j B. , G. I B. j G. B. G. I B. B. B. G. B. B. G. B. G. In the schools Boarded out At service With friends Under guardianship Committed, but on probation .. In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. .. In mental hospitals .. ... Adopted In refuges or cognate institutions In orphanages, cottage homes, &c In probation homes Absent without, leave In gaol At School for the Deaf At Special School, Otekaike At Special School, Richmond At St. Stephen's College At Te Aute CoUege Temporarily at Caversham Temporarily at Hamilton Receiving-home Temporarily at Wanganui Receiving-home Temporarily at St. Mary's, Auckland .. Temporarily at Weraroa Temporarily at Nelson Receiving-home Temporarily at St. Joseph's, Upper Hutf Queen Victoria School for Maori girls .. '.. 57 17 '.. 1 16 56 1 198 157 | 7 14 24 46 8 8 27 34 1 1 1 .. i .. .. ' .. 1 5 ; 17 41 40 31 13 11 13 12 5 2 1 1 1 .. 4I 29 20 10 1 1 j 7 1 32 42 4 27 10 22 1 ; .. j 1 1 3 I 2 .. j 3 2 36 90 7 7 9 '1 :: ... 1 1 1 48 9 7 | "9 58 6 1 5 52 2 6 235 74 35 27 41 2 2 2 1 6 3 1 1 1 1 2 19 2 3 15 13 4 4 3 I 177 45 I 28 i 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 | i 2 j 1 3 2 65 43 5 1 1 1 3 2 2 37 16 6 3 5 1 13 2 4 :: ::l :: . 5 ! :: ;:' "l : i 4 1 1 .... 14 1 71 24 266 270 ! Totals .. 75 74 67 56 65 j 56 j 100 53 1 1 i 101 G4 79 208 348 265 3 123 I 49 i 1 21 19

11

E.—4

Table I3.—Numbers under Control at 31st December, 1921— continued.

3—E. 4.

Government Schools. Private Schools. All Schools. Particulars of Children belonging to the Schools. it — S3 MS" £3 3 o » • i* i 1.1 co &." = .s Hi . |]H C o Ph ill s — —i Q 02 Totals of all Schools. I B. O. B. B. G. B. B. G. B. B. G. B. I B. G. G. B. G. G. B. G. Both Sexes. In the schools Boarded out At service With friends Under guardianship Committed, but on probation In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. In mental hospitals Adopted In refuges or cognate institutions In orphanages, cottage homes, &c. In probation homes Absent without leave In gaol At School for the Deaf At Special School, Otekaike At Special School, Richmond At St. Stephen's College At Te Aute CoUege Temporarily at Caversham Temporarily at Hamilton Receiving-home Temporarily at Wanganui Receiving-home Temporarily at St. Mary's, Auckland Temporarily at Weraroa Temporarily at Nelson Receiving-home .. Temporarily at St. Joseph's, Upper Hutt Queen Victoria School for Maori Girls .. 3 196 38 19 16 135 56 20 1 1 "2 1 20 7 20 4 8 2 i6 1 89 27 14 6 18 64 49 16 2 2 4 5 24 3 1 22 13 2 1 13 1 1 36 25 11 27 2 41 30 22 25 5 46 13 6 1 •2 8 1 2 3 17 "2 6 19 4 6 2 I 116 1,163 452 286 13 4 13 6 1 1 2 I 26 . 32 4 48 "2 1 1 1 3 2 18 187 872 302 191 4 1 11 8 23 6 3 1 3 "7 5 1 4 1 301 2,03< 75< 47' 1' 1 2 2 3 1 1 1 3 2 •• 2 1 1 9 2 3 5 1 1 3 I "l "2 1 2< 1 5 ■• 21 3i '.2 •• .. 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 o 1 .. .. •• ■• •• •■ •" 1 6 2 3 6 18 1 4 1 ■• - •• • •• 2 •• •• '■ •• .. •• I . I 4 1 " ( Totals .. 275 241 5 28 40 16 101 123 69 35 17 144 159 16 29 14 20 35 12,199 1,631 3,830

E.—4.

Table I4. —Admissions in 1921, classified according to Causes of Admission.

Table I5. —Admissions in 1921, classified according to Status at 31st December, 1921.

Table I6. —Admissions in 1921, classified according to Number in Residence at 31st December, 1921.

12

Gover: iment Sch< ids. Private Schools. All Schools. 3rr) li ?a oil "I s| r> O "^ » O o 3 *£ is p cu a o flrJ MO) .fa F « o o> K © a .roll If 'Sfe 0) M ■111 ■§! H? .s.s - a o.oo 0<" QO g§ s I* I 2-5 g=l ftife -5 e - - .555 WJ 00 <B a -2 Ma a « os) 0 , l,J 0+= fl o V.$ i- 1 o Si S3 S3 3 o 00" =s m *« g« OrS «S S3 fi «| . o en a >tg o 0 fitfl to ao n 5 "I -1-3 <u p 15 Totals of all Schools. Admitted as G. B. B. G. B. G. B. a B. B. G B. B. G. B. a. B. B. 3r. B. B. G. G. B. G. Both Sexes. Destitute Begging Vagrant In disreputablo associations Not under proper control (complaint by police) Uncontrollablo (complaint by parents) Accused or guilty of punishable offences Transferred from gaol By private arrangement 23 18 4 1 1 2 3 2 25 16 11 13 19 U 2 1 88 68 , 156 *2 "2 8 li. 12 i 11 1 'i 4 i i 22 5 22 9 44 14 12 7 3 7 5 6 2 3 21 13 12 4 3 89 73 162 12 29 10 1 3 4 6 13 16 2 12 4 18 1 13 1 7 1 82 89 • 2 ■4 1 '5 14 3 '5 3 1 "2 1 3 '2 4 14 li) 3 14 17 33 Totals 3sl I 36 18 13 Bsl 2 I 2I 46 33 1 32l 131 41 I 4I '325 1 '203 528 Issi 9 4 29 i7 33 136 41 17 1

.2 P A3 a cS t 2, o ii 5 ill 3* s|, le* S|| SB© 5S-S ° 9 2i rc.^0) .13.3 "r=S 852 ■Sop. aBpn gp^ ft t> «* r^g 1 .o C SSa 111 a o L In H Totals. Status at 31st December, 1921. a "Eb w m B. G. — B. G. B. ! G. B. G. B, G. ; B. G. B. G. B. G. B. G. i ioth Soxes. In residence Boarded out .. At service With friends In hospitals, convalescent homes, &e. In mental hospital In refuges or orphanages At special school, Richmond At special school, Otekaike Missing Adopted Discharged by warrant or written off the books Died.. 2 77 5 1 3 53 1 7 3 3 11 2 4 2 15 1 2 1 i 5 1 6 1 i 13 59 5 4 1 2 is 42 1 3 1 1 4 1 3 3 h i i 20 22 ■2'.) 9 1 2 3 1 i i 3 4 4 i 8 2 1 1 2 3 50 177 44 21 4 31 127 10 13 6 1 7 1 81 304 54 34 10 1 10 1 3 1 2 i i 12 2 G 3 1 14 6 3 1 21 1 2 5 i "l 2 2 2 ■■ Totals 88 68 22 22 5 l 9 I 89 73 6 I I 7 82 7 19 14 14 3 325 203 528

love: mment Schools. Private Schools. All Schools. Particulars of Children in Residence at the 31st December, 1921. a _*§ -CO -rj O bj3 afl 3 M oS .Ma Ai a a .£ B a «! g <l,g no o IH H Ph B. G. B. .J l| II <-* o CO A a o S-a &a D I ri 4 p 00 «i s „ s a a S-a S-a II is ►j Ii ri ri B. G. B. G. II a a I %i I! I? U §3 II 6i *t °l Ph S £ o H si s3 Totals. B. G. B. G. B. B. B. G. B. B. G. a. I Q. j .a. I q. Isggg^ Destitute Begging Vagrant Disreputable associations Not under control (complaint by police) Uncontrollablo (complaint by parent) Accused or guilty of punishable offences Admitted by private arrangements Transferred from gaol.. 1 1 2' 2 1 .. 1 i 2 1 2 4 2 4 6 i 8 3 2 1 15 3 2 1 18 5 1 31 2 2' 1 1 i i 7 3 2 13 3' 13' 1 ••I ] 1 3 3 3 2 2 1 ..12 1 8 4 j 22 1 2 2 20 1 20 1 21 2 1 1 1 I 4 1 4 5 8 1 8 1 9 •• •• •• •• I •• Totals I I llO 4 3 2 4 4 I lol Is 1 3 I 2 50~ ! 28 ~ I I 3 50 31 81 I ..

13

E.—4

Table I7.—Admissions in 1921, classified according to Parents' Circumstances and Character

The numbers of children admitted were —From Auckland, 100 ; Wellington, 89 ; Christchurch, 53; Dunedin, 45; Napier, 22; Invercargill, 15; Wanganui, 13; Timaru, 11 ; Pukckohe, 11 ; Gisborne, 10; Temuka, 9; New Plymouth, 8; Gore, 7; Palmerston North, 7 ; Taihape, 7 ; Balclutha, 6; Carterton, 6; Greymouth, 6; Hawcra, 6; Maungaturoto, 6; Otahuhu, 6; Wairoa, 6; Blenheim, 5 ; Hamilton, 5 ; Helensville, 5 ; Rotorua, 5 ; Whangarei, 5 ; Ashburton, 4 ; Hastings, 4 ; Oamaru, 4 ; Bluff, 3 ; Cambridge, 3 ; Thames, 3 ; Foxton, 2 ; Kaiapoi, 2 ; Nelson, 2 ; Otorohanga, 2 ; Westport, 2 ; Whakatane, 2 ; Clinton, 1 ; Coromandel, 1 ; Dargaville, 1 ; Dannevirke, 1 ; Feilding, 1 ; Huntly, 1 ; Kawakawa, 1 ; Mercer, 1 ; Opotiki, 1 ; Paeroa, 1 ; Pahiatua, 1 ; Port Awanui, 1 ; Russell, 1 ; Te Karaka, 1 ; Tokomaru Bay, 1 ; Waihi, 1 ; Waipiro Bay, 1 ; Waipu, 1; Waimamaku, 1 ; Winton, 1 ; Woolston, 1. The records show that, of the total number of chileiren admitted, 28-22 per cent, were known to be illegitimate.

Seasons i for Com imittal < if Child] 'en, Fathers described as Mothers described as 6 a 3 tn o a 60 a '5b .1, <D n 0 c 00 .2 » flg sS SPh •Ii Sti gft Cfi r■3 (0 n « S 'S3 ft O S .* <oo-«+= r< O g a -22 ,Q cd cSP-i >, OJ2 ii Sf o O I-H CD O <H ■s SI cn-r-1 s a o 3 °Qj PI Q •3 a Ph a o rO *H 5 OQ a 3 u H Total. Dead Good ,, ,, ... •. Questionable .. ,, ,, . . . • Bad Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink .. Mentally weak Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink .. Mentally weak Deserter Unknown Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink .. Mentally weak Deserter Unknown Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink.. Dosertor Dead Good Questionable Addicted to drink.. Mentally weak Physically unfit Good Questionable Addicted to drink.. Dead Good Questionable Mentally weak Good Dead Good Questionable Bad Addicted to drink.. Mentally weak Physically unfit .. Unknown 4 12 3 1 1 3 16 6 "2 2 5 16 2 1 1 2 2 6 5 1 1 7 2 2 8 1 2 3 1 1 5 i 1 3 3 5 1 3 10 15 5 1 4 7 2 1 3 18 23 3 3 i 4 4 1 1 9 37 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 7 12 2 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 10 39 10 3 5 1 28 90 19 2 9 10 3 1 8 30 52 3 1 3 4 1 5 9 11 9 1 1 15 17 7 8 4 1 4 5 1 2 13 3 2 1 5 24 24 3 3 10 1 7 1 Addicted to drink 3 5 5 2 5 4 i 1 1 I 2 1 4 1 3 5 1 5 Montally weak Dcsorter "2 9 2 2 3 ,, ■. .. ,, • . • . 2 Physically unfit Unknown 3 12 15 7 1 1 2 2 3 i i 1 2 1 2 7 3 3 • • 3 1 2 i Totals 156 14 1G2 89 17 528 44 13 33

E.—4.

Table I7a. —Admissions classified according to Religious Belief. (Magistrates, after hearing the evidence, direct in what religious denomination children committed are to be brought up.)

Table I8. —Deaths, 1921.

Table I9.-Inmates discharged from Industrial Schools during 1921.

14

§ i g o . "trW * . O .52 I J s . | 11 | &■ "| 1| I * S D l !« 1 & g -<§ %< 1 I <j Ph P3 • g 03 FQ p£o GO P H . | Number .. .. 279 ; 108 92 21 9 6 2 1 1 9 528 Percentage .. .. 53-0 20-5 17-3 j 4-0 1-8 1-1 : 0-3 0-1 0-1 1-8 100-0

Age at Death. Status at Death. Certified Cause of Death. School to which belonging. Yrs. mos. 0 1 At board .. Marasmus; exhaustion .. .. .. Wellington Receiving-home. 0 8 In hospital .. Broncho-pneumonia; heart failure .. „ 2 2 At board .. Congenital valvular heart-disease; enteritis ,, 3 11 „ .. Pneumonia .. .. .. .. Auckland Receiving-home. 4 11 In hospital .. Scarlet fever; cardiao failure .. .. Wellington Receiving-home. 6 9 At board .. Phthisis .. .. .. .. Auckland Receiving-home. 8 3 In hospital .. Diphtheria; myocarditis .. .. .. Christchurch Receiving-home. 10 3 At board .. Influenza .. .. .. .. Auckland Receiving-home. 13 (i In hospital .. Tubercular broncho-pneumonia; enteritis .. St. Vincent de Paul's. 10 9 With friends .. Shook following burns through accidental Boys' Training-farm, Weraroa. scalding 17 8 In hospital .. Nephritis of pregnancy; puerperal eclampsia Auckland Receiving-home. 17 10 „ .. Broncho-pnoumonia; heart-failure .. Under guardianship, Juvenile Probation Officer, Palmers - ton North. 18 4 ,, .. Pulmonary tuberculosis .. .. .. Wellington Receiving-home. 20 10 In mental hospital .. Phthisis; broncho-pneumonia .. .. Auckland Receiving-home.

8" CO a 5 ti .a I ■2| ft CD a o PI'S "H (=1 — 2 CD O °3 B. G. a o . .mrg « f] ce n rO-W PhI CO •OH r-.° oW Ph I I (0 Vl M S CD a o S3 bo a a "*S > S o a ri B. a. a o r 51 > cfl .- bU <" S si? ri CD a o rfi] b'c (3 t> o CD & ri <D r4 g o si ri a a P-lrf P-l <g J.© O d Oki rn" rH S 1 V . p be I r . O QJ - 8 S S -a,® 3 g-r* W ri s Particulars of Discharge. G. B. B. G. n. j a. J b. I g. B. G. B. B. G. By warrant By death Attained the age of twenty-one years Married Adopted Written off 5 3 11 2 G 12 9 4 i 11 1 13 2 3 1 3 i 5 170 1 1 9 i 1 4 2 1 i 2 1 3 15 7 j i 1 i 1 i i 1 io 6 181 Totals 1 II 26 10 6 11 ! 3 2 1 5 10 13 60 .a '53 o ri a o "booi .s a a o CD ,3 a . o a — o -Si or S £^. OH M CD a o > d .- o p5 d o JB 01 to 5 m GO 0 o *J .21 ■-< w ■30'C 00O ri J! 43 -a Pi °'S en S3 « a oM n I 1 C3 N a . -§■3 en O c a CD o o OS'S -si "in C oM |« 3 a Ph CD -a fi a 8 w o B O O H SI a-s A g -CO So CH M . Particulars of Discharge. o H o H B. G. B B. G. B. G. B. G. B. B. G. B. G. G. B. B. G. Both Sexes. By warrant By death Attained the age of twenty-one years Married Adopted Written off 3 4 ■13 2 5 3 13 3 4 16 i 1 1 1 2 1 26 i 4 1 9 1 1 3 22 i 23 .. ii .'. 1 .. 1 .. 2 2 41 2 1(1 1 2 2 339 7 2 ii 22 83 7 38 4 16 14 422 14 40 4 27 36 2 I i Totals 52 28 2! I 17 1 1 28 16 1 26 11 2 2 381 162 543

15

E.—4

Under the provisions of the Industrial Schools Act, 1909, power is given for the detention beyond the age of twenty-one years of any inmate who, upon application being made to a Magistrate by the Manager of the school at the direction of the Minister of Education, is found, to be morally degenerate or otherwise not (in the public interest) a fit person to be free from control. In the nine years since this Act came into operation there have been eighty-eight orders issued extending the period of control, sixty-three of the inmates concerned being girls. The Act provides for extension for four years, and gives power to the Court on similar procedure to renew the order from time to time for a period of four years. It is expected that the number of those over whom authority beyond twenty-one years will be needed will always be small in proportion to the whole number of inmates ; but the value of such an enactment in respect of the remainder who have to be detained is obvious, both in their own interests and in that of the community at large.

No. S.—INFANT-LIFE-PROTECTION STATISTICS.

Particulars of Children admitted to and removed from Licensed Foster-homes during 1921.

Rates of Payments by Parents or Guardians. An account of the rates paid is given in the following statement: — 1 at the, rate of ss. per week. 26 at the rate of 17s. 6d. per week. 1 „ 6s. „ 96 „ 20s. 5 „ 7s. 6d. „ 3 „ 21s. 5 „ Bs. „ 1 „ 225. 6d. 1 „ 9s. „ 11 „ 255. 133 .. 10s. „ 10 „ 30s. 1 „ 10s. 6d. „ 1 „ 425. 1 „ 10s. lOd. ~ 6 adopted with premium (10s. per week), fl „ Us- „ 1 (12s. 6d. „ 26 „ 12s. „ 29 „ (]ss. 126 „ 12s. 6d. „ 1 „ (235. 2 „ 13s. „ 1 „ (40s. 3 „ 14s. „ 1 „ (60s. 196 „ 15s. ~ 13 adopted without premium, but who 1 ~ 15s. 6d. ~ are still under supervision. 2 „ 16s. 1 „ 17s. The following is a comparison of the rates paid during the last five years : — 1917. 1918. 1919. 1920. 1921. Under 7s. per week. . .. 19 11 7 2 2 7s. and under 10s. per week 75 52 53 22 11 10s. per week .. .. 532 502 368 240 133 Over 10s. per week .. 215 294 376 531 508

-3 a 3 b0 (D O P -d "H •3 o PI !H Hi 00 ffl CM CO a bo S bp fjrj <] c? <q d ° d ° D '« CJ as (D f-" (D Ph ft S is g "St* <D>H -a 6 S 60 cs<j CO HH S g T3 6 a wj M-H rt ° 00 f O0 I CO ii i CO 13 <£ C 60 C8<j IOhh a ° I CD V) I CD Ph it S CO rH to iS i K"l 60 CO "I rH H--oo o > O o On the books at 31st December, 1920 Placed in licensed homes during the year 75 105 109 136 116 93 69 94 797 160 75 108 60 49 39 21 9 521 Totals 235 180 217 196 165 132 90 103 1,318 Withdrawn from homes — Eemoved by parents or guardians Deaths Adoptions without premiums In homes to which exemption was granted Brought under the operation of the Industrial Schools Act Written off the books for various causes , 27 45 78 50 49 46 19 29 343 2 5 1 8 1 1 1 11 12 3 1 1 6 i l 3 1 2 6 48 7 1 6 9 8 5 5 1 4 39 6 13 34 24 13 16 11 52 169 Total withdrawals 41 74 136 96 ' 74 69 35 87 612 On the books at 31st December, 1921 65 67 168 95 98 94 50 69 706

E.—4.

16

Foster-homes. The 706 infants in foster-homes at the end of the year were distributed as follows :— In 460 homes each having one .. .. .. .. .. 4Q(j In 73 „ two .. .. .. .. .. 146 In 20 ~ three .. .. .. .. .. 60 In 8 ~ four .. .. .. 32 In 1 „ eight .. .. .. .. .. 8 562 70 6 Eleven of the homes were those in which children under six were boarded out by Charitable Aid Boards. The total number of licensed homes was 815, so that at the end of the year there were 253 licensed homes in which for the time being no infants were boarded. Exempted Institutions. From the provision that " it shall not be lawful for any person in consideration of any payment oi' reward te) receive or retain in his care or charge any infant for the purpose of nursing or maintaining it apart from its parents or guardians for a longer period than seven consecutive days unless such person is licensed as a foster-parent " the Minister may grant certain exemptions, and under this authority exemption has been granted to the institutions set forth in the following list, which shows also the numbers dealt with and the deaths. The conditions of tho exemptions provide for inspection, and for the removal of the infants only with due formality.

Of the above 523 children, 21 have no parents living, 66 have a mother only, and 112 have a father only. The remainder (324) have both parents living.

Admissions, n„»tv, a On the Books at 1921. ■ 31st December, 1921, S s ~® 2P » S2~I «T~^~ s 3 a £f . 3 3 a f |. 3 3 a af a . g«j «],§- a . a<i a a^ Name of Institution. |g, =»3 J-g % g,S J g, £-g 3 M g 2«! a a "f.S'g S-0 a <0 |-_§■§ 2™ aS "f.g« • ,t2 2 tj'W ' , U_, 0)J3 rrt fl 3° S3 'S.SJi So s| So £® i?3 ■g £§ a i § oS- "2 -So -Sop ►5 Dw rj !3 5 fiw L9 J3 O p — P £ pq 3 a. |d pa 3 eh -m, (1.) (2.) (3.) (4) (5.) (6.) (7.) (8.) (oT) Salvation Army Boys' Home, Russell .. .. .. .. 1 2 St. Mary's Industrial School (Girls'Branch), Auckland 15 .. .. 1 .. ,. 15 St. Joseph's Orphanage, Takapuna, Auckland .. 15 .. .. 1 .. .. 15 Mission House of the Order of the Good Shepherd, Auckland .. Day nurse ry on ly. Orphan Home, Papatoetoe, Auckland .. .. 4 10 Children's Home, Ponsonby, Auckland .. .. 12 14 Methodist Orphanage, Mount Albert, Auckland .. 2 4 Leslie Orphanage, Remuera, Auokland .. .. ., .. .. 7 9 Manurewa Children's Home, Auckland .. .. 8 St. Mary's Home, Otahuhu, Auokland .. .. 23 19 50 2 3 5 ..59 Salvation Army Orphanage, " The Grange," Heme Bay, Auck- .. .. 1 3 land Salvation Army Maternity Home, Auckland .. .. 1 3 4 .. .. 1 .. 4 4 Cook County Women's Guild Grfiobo, Gisborne .. 2 2 Salvation Army Samaritan Home, Gisborne.. .. .. 4 2 14 2 .. 8 Children's Home, Palmerston North .. .. 1 Manawatu Willard Children's Home, Palmerston North 1 6 Salvation Army Bethany Home, Napier .. .. .. 5 6 12 1 2 4 4 8 St. Hilda's Home, Otane, Hawke's Bay .. 4 g Wanganui Orphanage, Gonville, Wanganui .. .. 2 4 Salvation Army Boys' Home, Eltham, Taranaki .. Presbyterian Orphanage, Berhampore, Wellington .. 7 17 Levin Memorial Home, Wellington.. .. .. 3 ., 5 St. Joseph's Orphanage, Upper Hutt, Wellington .. 39 63 Home of Compassion, Island Bay, Wellington .. 21 5 62 4 5 15 15 71 Salvation Army Gills' Home, Owen Street, Wellington 1 2 Salvation Army Boys' Home, Island Bay, Wellington 4 4 St. Mary's Orphanage, Nelson .. .. .. 7 Nazareth House, Christohurch .. .. .. 20 28 Sacred Heart Orphanage, Mount Magdala, Christchuroh 10 31 St. Saviour's Home, Shirley, Christohurch .. .. 19 24 Methodist Orphanage, Papanui, Christohurch .. Salvation Army Maternity Home, Christohurch .. .. 1 2 3 1 .. 2 Presbyterian Orphanage, Papanui, Christohurch .. 9 18 Children's Convalescent Cottage, New Brighton, Christchuroh .. .. 382 10 St. Saviour's Orphanage for Boys, Otipua Road, Timaru 6 6 Salvation Army Boys' Home, Temuka, Canterbury .. 9 9 St. Mary's Orphanage, Mornington, Dunedin .. 8 13 St. Vinoent de Paul's Orphanage, South Dunedin .. .. 1 .. 7 .. .. 1 1 .. 7 Glendining Home, Anderson's Bay, Dunedin .. Salvation Army Maternity Home, 15 Dunblane Street, Roslyn, 12 1 13 1 .. 1 2 1 9 Dunedin Salvation Army Home, Anderson's Bay, Dunedin .. 6 5 Presbyterian Orphanage, Gordon Street, Invercargill 3 10 Viotoria Memorial Home, Inveroargill .. .. .. 3 4 10 1 1 3 Totals .. .. .. 71 43 768 8 3 17 26 25 523

17

E.—4

Deaths in Fostek-homes. Of the 1,318 infants that were at one time or another on the books as being in foster-homes during 1921, six died ; all of these died in hospitals to which they had been removed for treatment. Three of the six were under twelve months, and five were of illegitimate birth. The following is a statement of the number of deaths during the time that the infant-life-protection system has been iti the Department's charge :— 1908 .. .. .. 26 deaths out of 1,017 infants = 2-56 per cent. 1913 .. .. .. ..13 „ 1,330 „ =0-98 1918 .. .. .. .. 6 „ 1,341 „ = 0-44-1919 .. .. .. .. 10 „ 1,403 „ = 0-71 1920 .. .. .. .. 14 „ 1,306 „ = 1-07 1921 .. .. .. .. 6 „ 1,318 „ = 0-47

Deaths in Exempted Institutions. These, with other particulars, are shown in the foregoing table relating to exempted institutions. The following is a statement of the deaths since 1911, when a record of the deaths was first kept:— 1911 .. 47 deaths out of 899 infants dealt with = 5-23 per cent. 1916 .. .. 9 „ 939 „ = 0-96 1918 .. .. 15 „ 955 „ = 1-57 1920 .. .. 19 „ 1,002 „ = 1-89 1921 .. .. 17 „ 1,210 „ = 140

Adoptions during the Year 1921. During the year 420 orders of adoption were made; 34 of the adoption orders provided for premiums, and 386 were without monetary consideration. The following shows the ages of the adopted children : —

The amount of the premiums ranged from £20 to £450.

Age. i With Premium. WithoutPremium. Total. | Under 6 months .. .. .. .. 9 64 73 Between 6 months and 12 months .... 11 42 53 „ 1 and 2 years .. .. .. .. 6 51 57 2 „ 3 „ 2 40 42 3 „ 4 „ .. .. .. .. .. 31 31 4 „ 5 „ 3 21 24 5 „ 6 „ 2 26 28 6 „ 7 „ .. .. .. .. .. 24 24 7 „ 8 „ .. .. .. .. .. 18 18 8 „ 9 „ .. .. .. .. 1 12 13 9 „ 10 „ .. .. .. .. .. 9 9 10 ,,11 .. •• .. 7 7 „ 11 „ 12 „ .. .. .. .. .. 8 8 12 „ 13 .. .. .. .. 3 3 13 „ 14 „ .. .. .. .. 14 14 14 „ 15 .. .. 16 16 34 386 420 The adopting parents were— Husband and wife jointly .. .. .. .. .. .. 385 Widow .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Spinster .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Batchelor .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Wife only .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Husband only .. .. .. .. .. ' .. .. 4 _ _ 420

8.—4.

Illegitimacy.

Deaths amongst Illegitimate Children during 1921.

No. 6. —COSTLEY TEAINING INSTITUTION. Balance-sheet for Year ending 31st December, 1921. Assets. £ s. d. Liabilities. £ s. d. Mortgages .. .. .. .. 21,715 0 0 Costley bequost .. .. .. 12,150 0 0 Accrued interest .. .. .. 158 18 6 Hodge bequest .. .. .. 742 3 9 War-loan stock .. .. .. 1,500 0 0 Revenue Account as below .. .. 10,710 G 4 Cash in bank of New Zealand .... 25 16 0 Jackson, Russell, Tunks, and Ostler .. 202 15 7 £23,602 10 1 £23,602 10 1 Revenue Account. Dr. £ s. el. Or. £ s. d. To Maintenance Account .. .. 340 9 1 By Balance, Ist January, 1921 .. 9,700 11 10 Expenses .. .. .. 66 8 0 Interest rocoivod .. .. .. 1,416 11 7 Balance earrieel forward .. .. 10,710 6 4 £11,117 3 5 £11,117 3 5

Approximate Cost of Paper. —Preparation, not given; printing (775 copie)s, £2S os.

2By Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Pi'inter, Wellington.—l 92-

Price 9d.~\

18

Provincial Districts. Number of Illogiti- Illegitimate Children Tlleuitimite mato Children aged under G Years of Births registered Twelve Months Age in Licensed durinn 1921 or loss brought I oster-homes at ° ' undor tho Infants 31st December, Act during 1921. 1921. Whangarei fVuckland Hamilton Hawke's Bay Gisborne 29 238 87 73 14 77 60 244 21 26 187 39 111 47 1 30 2 2 4 79 10 8 2 18 26 63 4 2 142 19 66 5 Wanganui Palmerston North Wellington Selson Lrreymouth North Canterbury ■South Canterbury .. Dtago Southland 4 12 43 1 1 ■1!) 4 20 5 Totals for 1921 1,253 174 448 Totals for 1920 449 1,424 172

District. Under 6 Months. Over G Months and under 1 Year. Over 1 Year and undor 2 Years. Over 2 Years and under 3 Years. Over 3 Years and under 4 Yoars. Over 4 Years and under 5 Years. Over 5 Yoars and under 6 Years. Totals. Auckland .. Taranaki .. Hawke's Bay Wellington Marlborough Nelson Westland .. Canterbury 28 7 38 4 4 3 i 2 1 1 1 i 1 I 2 39 LO 45 1 1 3 21 14 3 i 3 18 LO 3 i 3 l i 1 Otago Southland .. Totals.. 107 12 137