DEFENCE FORCES OF NEW ZEALAND. REPORT OF THE GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING THE FORCES FOR THE PERIOD FROM 28th JULY, 1911, TO 27th JUNE, 1912.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1912 Session II, H-19

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Session 11. 1912. NEW ZEALAND.

DEFENCE FORCES OF NEW ZEALAND. REPORT OF THE GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING THE FORCES FOR THE PERIOD FROM 28th JULY, 1911, TO 27th JUNE, 1912.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

To the Honourable the lMinister of Defence. Sir,— I have the honour to submit the following report on the Forces under my command from the date of my last year's report to the opening of Parliament on 27th June, 1912. In view of the fact that the period under review is one of the initiation of a scheme of universal service, and that the training has been entirely of an elementary nature, and practically confined to recruits, I do not propose to report on the efficiency of the Forces to take the field. I shall hope to do so next year. 1. Headquarters and District Staffs. (a.) Appointment of Quartermaster-General. The appointment of Adjutant-General and Quartermaster-General was last year held by Colonel A. W. Robin, C.8., C.M.G., t.d., New Zealand Staff Corps, but, owing to the increased amount of work devolving on these branches in the organization and equipping of the Forces under the new scheme, it was decided to separate the two offices, Colonel Robin retaining the former, and Lieut.-Colonel H. 0. Knox, Army Service Corps, Director of Transport and Supply, being appointed Quartermaster-General, the duties of Director of Transport and Supply being absorbed therewith. (b.) Officer appointed to represent the Dominion at Headquarters of Imperial General Staff. Colonel A. W. Robin, C.8., C.M.G., t.d., New Zealand Staff Corps, has been appointed to represent the Dominion at the Headquarters of the Imperial General Staff, War Office, London, and left the Dominion on 26th April to take up his new duties. (c.) Appointment of Adjutant-General (Temporary). Lieut.-Colonel (temporary Colonel) G. C. B. Wolfe, New Zealand Staff Corps, has been appointed to carry out the duties of Adjutant-General to the Forces during the absence from the Dominion of Colonel Robin. (d.) Appointments to command Military Districts. Lieut.-Colonel A. Bauchop, C.M.G., New Zealand Staff Corps, has been appointed to command the Otago Military District, and has taken up his duties on his return from England, vice Colonel Smyth, appointed to command the Canterbury Military District. Lieut.-Colonel F. W. Abbott, D.5.0., New Zealand Staff Corps, had been appointed to command the Auckland Military District, and was to have taken up his duties on his return from England early next month, vice Colonel Wolfe, appointed Adjutant-General, but I regret to say that he died on the voyage out. Lieut.-Colonel Tβ. Logan, A.D.C., New Zealand Staff Corps, has been appointed to the command in his place, with the temporary rank of colonel. Lieut.-Colonel (temporary Colonel) V. S. Smyth, New Zealand Staff Corps, has been appointed to command the Canterbury Military District, vice Lieut.-Colonel Hawkins, deceased, whose place has been temporarily filled for nine months by Lieut.-Colonel J. T. Burnett-Stuart, D.5.0., Imperial General Staff. Colonels Hawkins and Abbott, both excellent officers, are a great loss to the Military Forces of the Dominion.

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2. New Zealand Staff Cobps and Permanent Staff. (a.) Redistribution of Duties. As the result of the experience gained in the working of the new scheme, it has been found necessary to redistribute the duties of officers of the Staff Corps. This has been done, and the redistribution has resulted in the large amount of work necessitated by its development falling more evenly on all officers. (b.) Appointments to the New Zealand, Staff Corps. The present strength of the New Zealand Staff Corps is sixty-six, and it is not proposed to take in any more officers to fill the establishment of 100, except through the Royal Australian Military College, as recommended by Lord Kitchener. It would be obviously unfair to those cadets now in training there to bring in any one over their heads, and in the meantime we must make the best of it, and work short-handed till they become available. (c.) Appointments to the Permanent Staff. The Permanent Staff has been increased by the appointment locally of twenty-nine Quarter-master-sergeants, one for each regiment of Mounted Rifles and Infantry, and of seventy-three additional Sergeant Instructors. This increase in the number of N.C.O.s is absolutely essential, it having been found quite impossible for the previously existing staff to cope with the instruction of the large number of Territorials and Senior Cadets, and at the same time to carry out the necessary work of registration, &c, in the areas, and exercise a proper care and supervision of the arms, equipment, and clothing. I am confident that the appointment of the Quartermaster-sergeants will be the means of saving much money to the country by obviating the heavy losses and deficiencies which have hitherto prevailed. They underwent a course of instruction at Headquarters before being posted to units. The following will be the permanent establishment of N.C.O.s of the Permanent Staff (inclusive of nine N.C.O.s on loan from England, who will eventually be replaced by members of the New Zealand Staff) :— 115 Area Sergeant-majors. 29 Regimental Sergeant-majors. 29 Regimental Quartermaster-sergeants. 8 Brigade Sergeant-majors. 1 Field Artillery Instructor. 4 Engineer Instructors. 4 Signal Company Instructors. 4 Field Ambulance Instructors. 6 on loan to the Education Department for the instruction of Junior Cadets. 200 (d.) The Permanent Forces of the Dominion will thus consist of— New Zealand Staff Corps (officers) ... ... ... ... ... 100 New Zealand Permanent Staff (non-commissioned officers) ... ... 200 Royal New Zealand Artillery : All ranks ... ... ... ... 300 600 The establishment of the Territorial Force is 30,000, which gives a proportion of one permanent officer, non-commissioned officer, or man to every 50 Territorials, exclusive of Cadets and Rifle Club men. This proportion is very low, but if the present excellent standard of permanent soldiers is maintained it will, I think, be sufficient. 3. Classification of Departmental Staff. The provisional classification of-the officers and clerical staff (civil branch) of the Department, gazetted in conjunction with that of other Departments of the Public Service, and the appeals in connection therewith having been considered as requested by the Public Service Classification Board, a revised classification of the departmental officers concerned has been submitted, which it is considered places the position of officers or appointments and the merits of their occupants in their proper sequence, and which it is hoped will be adopted for the efficiency and well-being of the Department. 4. Special Training of Permanent Officers and Non-commissioned Officers. (a.) The following officers have been sent Home and to India for training during the past year : — To England : Lieut.-Colonels Bauchop, C.M.G., Abbott, D.5.0., Major McDonald, Captain Seddon, Lieutenants Turnbull, Burn (A.H.), Garland, New Zealand Staff Corps, and Lieutenant Standish, Royal New Zealand Artillery. To India : Major Potter, New Zealand Staff Corps, and Captains Symon and Smythe, Royal New Zealand Artillery. This list does not include Colonel Robin, who is at the War Office; Brigadier-General Davies, who is commanding the 6th Infantry Brigade at Aldershot; and Majors Richardson and Gardner, who are at the Staff College at Camberley.

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The places of these fifteen officers have been filled by the fifteen officers of the Imperial Army on temporary loan to the Dominion; and the training which they will have received at Home and in India will, I am sure, be of great value to the Dominion. (b.) A special camp of instruction is now in progress at Trentham for the new non-commis-sioned officers mentioned in paragraph 2 (c), and a special instructional battalion for a limited number of permanent and Territorial officers and non-commissioned officers has also been formed there. Our thanks are due to the Wellington Racing Club for their generosity in placing stabling and buildings at our disposal, free of charge. B. Staff College. Majors G. S. Richardson, New Zealand Staff Corps, and M. M. Gardner, Royal New Zealand Artillery, have been admitted to the Staff College, Camberley, England. These officers sat for the entrance examination last June. Further vacancies have been asked for at the Staff Colleges both at Camberley and at Quetta, India, for next year, which it is anticipated will be filled. 6. Royal Australian Military College. Six new Cadets have been sent to the Royal Australian Military College, which brings up the number of New Zealand Cadets at the College to sixteen. There were fifteen candidates this year, of whom nine failed in the entrance examination. Two of the original ten sent last year failed in their examinations at the end of the year, and have dropped a year. The position, therefore, is that we have eight in the second year of their course and eight in the first. Satisfactory reports of their progress and conduct have been received. 7. Appointments, Promotions, etc., of Territorial Officers. The following table gives a summary from 17th March, 1911, to 31st May, 1912 : — Territorials. Senior Cadets. First appointments .. . . . . 473 Appointed . . .. . . .. 426 Promotions . . .. . . . . 284 Resigned . . . . .. . . 22 Resignations . . .. . . 158 To Territorials . . .. . . 7 To Reserve .. .. .. .. 116 Deaths .. .. .. .. 1 To Retired List .. .. .. 97 Retired .. .. .. •• 23 To Unattached List (a) .. .: 8 To Unattached List (b) .. .. 8 Commissions cancelled . . .. 3 Deaths .. .. .. 4 Total .. .. .. 1,174 Total .. .. ..456 Territorials ... ... .. . . ... ... ... 1,174 Cadets ... ... ... ■ • ... ... ... 456 1,630 8. Courses of Instruction. Courses of instruction and tactical exercises for Territorial officers and non-commissioned officers have been held in all districts. A Staff tour for the Headquarters and District Staffs and senior Territorial officers was held under my direction in February. A special report on it has been issued. 9. Examination of Officers for Promotion. (a.) Officers of the Royal New Zealand Artillery and New Zealand Staff Corps. Arrangements have been made with the War Office for officers of the Royal New Zealand Artillery and New Zealand Staff Corps to take the same examination for promotion as officers of the Regular Army at Home. The first examination under this system was held last December, when twenty-one officers sat. llie following extract from the report issued by the War Office on the examination is most satisfactory : " It is gratifying to note that twenty-one officers of the New Zealand Military Forces attended the examination in subject (d). The work submitted was very creditable. This was the first examination at which officers of the New Zealand Permanent Military Forces have been examined in the papers set for officers of the British Regular Army." Twenty-four officers sat for the examination held last month under the same arrangements. (b.) Territorial Officers. The system of examining officers of the Territorial Force for promotion has been completely revised, and is now on a par with that of the examination of officers of the Territorial Force at Home. The card-index system has been introduced at Headquarters for the record of results of examinations. Reports on the examinations held in December, 1911, and March, 1912, have been prepared and issued for the guidance and instruction of officers sitting for future examinations; these should prove of great value to all officers.

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Promotion Kxaminati.oll,, May, 1911. (Under old Regulations.) Sixty-eight officers passed, 30 failed. Promotion Examination, November, 1911. (Under new Regulations.) Thirty officers passed in all subjects; 13 failed in one subject; 8 failed in two subjects; b failed in three subjects; 2 failed in four subjects : total failed, 29. Promotion Examination, March, 1912. Thirty-five officers passed in all subjects; 10 failed in one subject; 6 failed in two subjects; 1 failed in three subjects: total failed, 17. 10. Territorial Training-camps . All units of the Territorial Forces have completed their annual training of seven days in camp. The men being practically all recruits, the work done was only elementary; but the assembling of them in regimental, battalion, and artillery brigade camps proved most efficacious in establishing not only the regimental organization, but also an esprit de corps of which it is impossible to overestimate the value. In fixing the dates of the camps, the convenience of employers, the lateness of the harvest, the milking season, the end of the financial year, the Easter holidays, the convenience of the majority of the men, without sacrificing the interests of the minority, were all carefully considered in each district, and, though it was of course impossible to please everybody, I am satisfied that every possible effort was made to do so. In all cases where genuine hardship would have been inflicted on an individual or on his business by insistence on his attendance at his regimental camp leave from it was granted, and he was allowed to attend a later camp as a " casual." A similar concession was made in the case of any employer whose business might have been brought to a standstill by too many of his employees being taken away at the same time. But it must be remembered that half the value of the man's training is lost if he cannot do it with his own unit, and 1 earnestly trust that employers will in the future make every effort and sacrifice possible to enable their employees to go to the camps of their own regiments, &c. I personally visited nearly all the camps, and cannot speak too highly of the zeal, energy, and good will which 1 found everywhere on the part of both instructors and recruits. The progress made in the short time was, in consequence, far greater than 1 had anticipated, and confirms the opinion, which I have already expressed, that the youth of this country have a remarkable aptitude for military work. The general physique of the recruits was excellent, and their conduct exemplary. Many men who came into camp reluctantly left it unwillingly. The attendance throughout the Dominion averaged 8249 per cent., which, considering that we were dealing almost entirely with newly posted men, that the population is a very shifting one, and that since the original posting a large proportion of the men had changed their places of residence, must be considered most satisfactory. Every effort was made, within the limits of due economy, to study the comfort of the men, and though, owing to inexperience in issuing them, complaints were in a few instances made'of the insufficiency cf rations, 1 am satisfied that, on the whole, they were very well fed. In this connection 1 would like to express our gratitude to the Church of England Men's Society, the Young Men's Christian Association, various religious bodies, and the chaplains of all denominations for the great help they gave us with regard to the recreation of the men. The rule forbidding the introduction of liquor into camps was strictly observed, and, on the whole, most loyally carried out. In only one or two isolated instances was any attempt made to bring in liquor, and these were severely dealt with when discovered. Our warmest thanks are due to those landowners and racing and agricultural bodies who gave us the use of camping-grounds. Their names will be found in Appendix B. In very few cases has the Department had to pay for the hire of a camping-ground. His Excellency the Governor visited many of the camps, and expressed his entire satisfaction with the bearing of the men and the progress made. The summary of the camps held—(l) by units, (2) by camps—will be found in Appendices A and B. To enable those men who were unable for various reasons to attend a regimental camp extra "casual" camps were held. A total of 17,831 have done the week's training, and the large majority of them are looking forward with pleasurable anticipation to their next year's camp. 11. Pabadbs and Drills. As the training really only began in earnest with this year's camps, it is too early to be able to say definitely how the regulations on the subject and the scale have worked. Drill centres have been established wherever even a few Territorials, Senior Cadets, and Rifle Club men can be assembled together, and every effort has been made to minimize the difficulties and distances for them. Itineraries for instructors have been carefully worked out, and every drill centre has been visited as frequently as possible. The attendance, especially in the country districts, has been good, except in the case of Senior Cadets in certain of the towns. Many men and employers have said that attendance at parades and drills causes hardship, owing to the time taken in getting ready for and in going to and returning from them, and they would prefer that extra days at camp should take the place of some of the parades and drills laid down. It will be a matter for consideration and local adjustment whether —at any rate for those in the back districts where in winter the roads are practically impassable after dark, and in

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summer it is difficult to get the men together—it may not be possible, without incurring any extra expense, to make some modification of this nature. In this connection it should be understood that the scale of drills and half-day and whole-day parades is convertible and interchangeable, and that there is no objection on the part of the military authorities to the drills and parades in country districts being "lumped" together, under'regimental arrangements, into week-end camps, or extra days before or after the regular week in camp, provided that no expense is thereby incurred to the public. The period in the summer between the shearing and the harvest should be suitable for this purpose, and tents can always be supplied for it by the Department. It must be remembered, however, that a certain number of attendances at parade and drill throughout the year are necessary for the inspection of arms and equipment, if for no other reason. From paragraph 238 of the General Regulations it will be seen that the thirty drills of the scale laid down can, if desired, be worked off as follows: Thirty drills = fifteen half-day parades; fifteen half-day parades = seven and a, half whole-day parades; seven and a half whole-day parades = forty-five extra working-hours or an extra week in camp, in addition to the thirty drills, twelve half-day or six whole-day parades have to be done annually. These could be worked off by a whole-day parade at the local drill centre once every two months. There is also the musketry to be considered, and arrangements could, in most cases, easily be made for this to be done in conjunction with some of these whole-day parades. It must be clearly understood that these proposals only mean the " lumping " together of what has to be done throughout the year without pay or rations, and that the public cannot therefore be asked to bear any cost in connection with them. In any case, every effort should be made whereby the services of the excellent material from the backblocks is not lost to the Territorial units. 12. Cadets. It is very necessary that the training of the boy should be continuous and under the same authority from the time he commences his cadet training at the age of twelve till he ceases it on joining the Territorial Force at the age of eighteen. There has been a tendency for the Junior Cadets under the Education Department, the Senior Cadets under the Defence Department, and the Boy Scouts independently of either Department, to pull in different directions. With this object I have made recommendations, to which 1 hope effect will be given, for the unification of all methods of boys' training. 1 am very strongly of opinion that up to the age of fourteen the training should be chiefly only in physical drill, and should be of a non-military character. It is quite time enough for a boy to embark on his military career at the age of fourteen. I think the Boy Scout methods may be adopted in great measure in the training of both Junior and Senior Cadets, and have given instructions that they shall be as far as the latter are concerned. Unavoidable delay in issuing arms, equipment, and clothing to the Senior Cadets has handicapped the development of their training, but steady progress is now being made. The visit of Lieut.-General Sir Robert Baden-Powell to the Dominion gave the cadet movement a satisfactory fillip. 10,958 cadets were reviewed and addressed by him at Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. 13. Harbour-defences. During the past year I have again inspected all the coast defences, and have nothing to add to what I reported under this heading last year. The new battery at Auckland will be ready for action when a few details have been completed, and the new battery at Wellington is complete and has been fired from. It is intended to supplement the coast defences with mobile armament, and on arrival of the new field-guns the 15-prs. will be issued for this purpose. This is an excellent gun, and will lend variety to the training of the coast-defence troops. 14. Permanent Force. There are now seventy-five men in the Field Artillery section. The establishment is 120. We have not as yet been able to complete it, partly because some of the originally selected have been found unsuitable, and partly because recruiting is bad. Employment in New Zealand is plentiful and wages good, so that it is difficult to get recruits. The Garrison Artillery instructional cadres are too small, and I have been compelled to "ask for an increase of the establishment in order that the work may be efficiently done. I am well satisfied with the work done during the past year by the R.N.Z.A., and consider that the care taken by them of the fort armaments and the instruction given by them to the Territorial Garrison Artillery are deserving of the highest commendation. 15. Artillery Horses and Mules. The establishment of new field batteries in the various centres necessitated a certain number of trained gun-horses being available for the training of these units These have been selected by officers of the Veterinary Corps, under the orders of the Director of Veterinary Services, with the result that a serviceable lot of seventy-four horses have been acquired, at "an average cost of about £26 each. The steady demand in Australia for horses of this class (half-draught) rendered the matter of obtaining them somewhat difficult, and the Veterinary officers are much to be commended for the excellent stamp of horse acquired. The horses have been concentrated at Wellington for training, and when this has been completed they will be distributed to the field batteries throughout the Dominion. A small number of mules (four) have also been obtained, and are being trained for use with the mountain battery established at Wellington. It is proposed to purchase eleven more, at a cost of £20 apiece.

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16. Ordnance.

(a.) Field-guns and, Howitzers. None of the new field-guns or howitzers have arrived, although shipments of small stores and equipment pertaining thereto have been received. The latest advice received is that eight 18-pr. guns and carriages for Auckland and Hamilton, and four 18-pr. guns and carriages for Invercargill, were despatched from London on the 13th May. (b.) Mountain Guns. The four Vickers-Maxim 295 in. mountain guns have arrived, and have been issued to D Battery at Wellington. (c.) Maxim Guns. The thirty-six Maxim guns ordered have not yet arrived, but the High Commissioner has been asked to hasten manufacture and supply. The conversion of the Maxim gun-mountings in the Dominion is being delayed owing to the non-arrival of the Mark IV tripod mounts and detailed instructions asked for. Pack saddlery and other equipment in this connection is coming to hand, and when the guns arrive they will be distributed for the training and use of the machine-gun sections of regiments. (d.) Animal Indents, Ordnance Stores, and, Ammunition. The annual indents for ordnance stores and ammunition have been put forward. In addition to reserves of gun-ammunition, provision has been made for practice ammunition. 17. Changes in Organization of this Forces. • The following new units have been raised : — (a.) A howitzer battery at Palmerston North. (b.) A second battalion of the 9th Regiment (Wellington East Coast Rifles). (c.) A Railway Corps, under a Director of Railway Transport; consisting of two battalions, one in each Island. Eight companies are allotted to the North Island Battalion, which has an establishment of 28 officers and 626 rank and file: the present strength is 2 officers and 349 rank and file. Seven companies are allotted to the South Island Battalion, which has an establishment of 25 officers and 592 rank and file : the present strength is 1 officer and 335 rank and file. (d.) A Post and Telegraph Corps, under a Director of Post and Telegraph Services, consisting of two battalions, one in each Island. The North Island Battalion consists of seven companies, with an establishment of 25 officers and 828 rank and file, and a present strength of 12 officers and 315 rank.and file. The South Island Battalion consists of five companies, with an establishment of 19 officers and 585 rank and file, and a present strength of 1 officer and 192 rank and file. 18. Regulations. The General Regulations (provisional) for the New Zealand Military Forces, approved in May, 1911, have proved generally very suitable. The necessary amendments will be submitted for your consideration in due course. 19. Publications, Libraries, and Training-manuals. The following publications have been issued since the date of my last report : — Final Instructions for Posting for 1911 . . . . August, 1911 (Appendix C). Handbook on Military Law .. .. .. September, 1911. Memorandum on Musketry Training . . . . November, 1911 (Appendix D). Quarterly Army List (last quarter, Ist April, 1912). Military Journal (two quarterly numbers) . . January and April, 1912. Physical-training Plates . . .. .. January, 1912. Dress Kegulations . . .. . . . . February, 1912. Memorandum re Registration and Posting for 1912.. March, 1912 (Appendix E). Army or General Orders .. .. .. Ist of each month. Reports on Promotion Examinations held in November, 1911, and March, 1912. Report on Staff tour .. .. .. .. June, 1912. Copies of the two numbers of the New Zealand Military Journal have been issued free to all officers on the Active List. The Journal has been very well reviewed by the Press, and should be of great assistance to the Territorial soldier in improving his military knowledge. Libraries have been instituted at districts and also at Headquarters. Supplies of the various training-manuals have been procured from England, and issued free In every officer and N.C.O. of the Territorial Force. In all, 7,000 copies have been so distributed. The Luge number of personal record-books, Proclamations, and notices necessary for the initiation of the universal-training scheme have been printed and distributed as required. The departmental forms, &c, in use, where necessary, owing to the development of the Territorial Force, have been revised to comply with the new Regulations and organization, and are being printed and distributed as required for use.

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20. Area System. The area system is working very satisfactorily, and as time goes on it should work even more smoothly than it does at present. In one or two instances it has been necessary to alter group and area boundaries, but this has been a simple matter. Owing to the difficulty of training in very sparsely populated districts, six exempted areas have been gazetted—three in the North Island and three in the South. 21. Registration. The registration of all youths available for training up to the 31st May has resulted as follows: —

From the latest census returns available, it appears that 27,080 between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one were liable for registration as Territorials, and 35,698 between the ages of fourteen and eighteen as Senior Cadets. It will thus be seen that the registration of Territorials has been in excess of those estimated to be liable. The shortage of 2,501 in the Senior Cadets is accounted for by the fact that about that number of boys over the age of fourteen are still at primary schools, and are therefore included in the Junior Cadets. 22. Medical Examination. The medical examinations for 1912 will be carried out on the same lines as last year. The medical standard for Senior Cadets will remain the same. Those available for Territorial service will be classed by the Medical Officers as under : (a) Totally unfit for service; (6) fit for Territorial Force; or (c) fit to serve in a Rifle Club. Judging by the results of the medical examinations, 1911, it is estimated that about 5 per cent, will be classed under (a), totally unfit for service; about 60 per cent, under (6),. fit for service in Territorial Force; and about 35 per cent, under (c), fit for service with a Rifle Club. The report of the Director of Medical Services for the year is attached as Appendix F. 23. Musketry. A memorandum on musketry training was prepared and issued by the General Staff (Appendix D). It has not yet been possible to carry out the annual course of musketry (except for old soldiers), owing to the bulk of the Territorial Force being in the most elementary recruit stage, but I trust that early next summer we shall be able to take it in hand more completely. In the back country, where no regular ranges exist, there should be no difficulty in improvising short ranges and targets where, with proper precautions, the men can fire their course. Very successful rifle meetings have been held by the Dominion Rifle Association and at the headquarters of districts. The question of the establishment of a small School of Musketry has engaged my attention, but I do not think that, till our expenditure becomes normal, the expense of starting it, under our present elementary conditions of training, would be justified. 24. "Rifle Clubs. Circular Memo. No. 12/1912, issued in March (Appendix E), makes provision for the formation of Rifle Clubs and for utilizing existing Rifle Clubs to absorb the 35 per cent, mentioned in paragraph 22, who are not physically fit for the Territorial Force, and also provides for the organization, control, &c, of such clubs. Those posted to Rifle Clubs are required to attend a minimum number of eighteen afternoon or evening drills at convenient drill centres, and to fire a prescribed course of musketry, entailing at least six attendances at a rifle-range. The instruction will be undertaken by permanent officers and N.C.O.s, and it should be borne in mind that very shortly all young men posted to Rifle Clubs will have undergone training between the ages of fourteen and eighteen years in the Senior Cadets. The utilizing of Rifle Clubs for the above purpose is to avoid a TTiultiplication of divisions of the Forces, and will place the New Zealand Military Forces in two categories for training and defence : (a) Ist line —Territorial Force and Reserve; (b) 2nd line —Rifle Clubs and the training sections affiliated to Rifle Clubs. It will be seen that the Rifle Clubs exercise a very important function in the defence scheme, and I am glad to be able to report that representatives of existing members of Rifle Clubs have promised their cordial support and co-operation in enabling us to make the training universal by means of their organization.

District. Territorials. Senior Cadets. Totals. Auckland .. Canterbury Otago Wellington 7,665 6,649 6,084 8,202 9,018 7,613 6,451 10,115 16,683 14,262 12,535 18,317 Totals 28,600 28,600 33,197 61,797

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25. Rifle-ranges. There are some 267 ranges in the Dominion, and out of these over 200 are held on sufferance or payment of rent (about £300 per annum). The question of acquiring most of these ranges must be faced. On last year's estimates £10,000 was set aside for this purpose, but only £600 was expended. All recommendations for the taking-over of land under the Public Works Act, and for repairs and upkeep sent in by Officers Commanding Districts, have been carried out, but, owing to pressure of work in connection with the initiation of the training, it has not been possible to give this question as much consideration as I should have liked. It will be taken in hand forthwith, and, as in the case of the drill-halls, we must try and acquire the rifle-ranges by degrees. 26. Rifles and Ammunition. (a.) Small Arms. During the year 8,000 rifles, M.L.E. (Short , ), Mark 111, have been imported from England. This enabled the arming of the Royal New Zealand Artillery and Territorial Force to be completed. The Royal New Zealand Artillery, Territorial Field Artillery, Garrison Artillery, Engineer, and Mounted Rifle units are armed with this latest-pattern rifle, as used in the Imperial service, whilst the Infantry regiments are armed with the rifle M.L.E. (Long), Mark I*. The rifles (Short), Mark I, with bayonet, pattern 1903, withdrawn from Mounted Corps, have been issued to the Senior Cadets. Two thousand rifles, M L.E., have been ordered for the Rifle Clubs, and the provision and pattern of more rifles for Senior Cadets are under consideration. (b.) Small-arms Ammunition. The supply of small-arms ammunition, as required by contract with the Colonial Ammunition Company (Limited), has been well maintained, and the quality is good. In addition, the company has supplied a certain amount of '310 ammunition for Senior Cadet rifles of that calibre, and will, in all probability, complete the total order for this type of ammunition in about two months' time. This will provide an ample supply of cadet ammunition for some years to come. (c.) Reserves of Small-arms Amm,unition. A reserve of small-arms ammunition, as recommended b)' the Colonial Defence Committee, is being gradually built up, and it is anticipated the total reserve required will be completed in three or four years' time without any further increase in the present annual output, and consequently without any extra expense. An increased order for cordite has been placed to meet our requirements under the existing contract with the Colonial Ammunition Company. (d.) Testing Small-arms Ammunition. The Testing Officer has efficiently carried out his work. Arrangements have been made whereby a new and more suitable site for velocity-range and laboratory, adjacent to the works of the Colonial Ammunition Company, has been secured; the erection of the necessary buildings and construction of range will be put in hand without delay. 27. Akmourers . In the course of the year the departmental Armourers carried out the usual inspection of all arms on issue, but, as the rearming of the various units was in transition, and many of the arms were in the old companies' stores, very little improvement was seen. This is also accounted for by the fact that only a proportion of the old members of corps remained to look after them. It is hoped, however, that now, with a more frequent inspection by the officers and N.C.O.s of the Permanent Staff, and also the attention of the Staff Quartermaster-sergeants recently appointed, a considerable improvement in the care and preservation of all arms will be effected. The Armourers have been recently reorganized as follows in lieu of the three Imperial Armourer Sergeants and six local Assistant Armourers previously employed : One-Senior Armourer (warrant officer), three Armourer Quartermaster-sergeants, five Armourer Sergeants, two (or more as required) apprentices (five-years course). The Senior Armourer will remain at Defence Stores, Wellington, for technical purposes, and training apprentices, as required. The Assistant Armourers will be promoted to the rank of Armourer Sergeant on passing the necessary qualifying examination, and to Armourer Quartermaster-sergeant by selection. These will be distributed two to each military district, to carry out the inspection or repair of arms throughout the year. The provision of apprentices to undergo a five-years course of apprenticeship will provide for (lie increasing demands on this service. 28. Dbilt.-halls. To supply drill-halls at every small drill centre throughout the Dominion where a small number of members of the Territorial Force require to be drilled is an impossibility, on account of the cost. Store-rooms at regimental or company headquarters are a necessity, but till the equipment of the Forces was completed the provision of permanent drill-halls was deemed to be of secondary importance.

9

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In centres where only a company, half-company, or .squad, or even smaller body of men was availably for training, District Staffs were instructed to approach local bodies, &c, with a view to obtaining the free use —or at nominal rates, to assist the universal-training movement—of halls, sheds, schools, and schoolgrounds, for training purposes. A circular requesting the co-operation in this respect of all County Councils, Education Boards, Borough Councils, Town Boards, Road Boards, &c, was issued, and in many centres assistance has been given by placing the use of the buildings at the disposal of the local military authorities for one or more nights a week. In several cases where Coronation memorial halls are being erected with the assistance of Government subsidies, store-rooms for equipment are being provided and the buildings used for training purposes. In the larger centres, where none or insufficient drill-shed accommodation existed, the renting or leasing of suitable premises has been approved, such as Hamilton, where the increased number of units established necessitated the leasing of the Horse Bazaar, and letting the existing drill-shed and grounds to meet same; Pahnerston North, where the Manawatu Agricultural and Pastoral Association's premises have been leased; and Hawera, where negotiations for the lease of the local Winter Show Society's premises are under way. The Dunedin Garrison Hall being unequal to requirements, a new site has been acquired on behalf of the local trustees, who propose disposing of the existing property, and providing an up-to-date drill-shed, &c. The increased number of units, and the fact that the buildings are now required continuously for training purposes, preclude any revenue being derived from them to meet charges for liabilities. The latter have therefore been assumed by the Department in the case of the Dannevirke and Pahiatua drill-sheds and Alexandra orderly-room, which have been taken over from the local trustees. A grant of £600 has been approved to secure the extension and use of the Petone Navals drill-shed for four other companies. Grants for additions or repairs have been made in the case of drill-sheds at Auckland and Greymouth, and minor alterations and repairs have been carried out in other cases where necessary. Sites for drill-sheds have been acquired at AVhangarei and Thames, and an extension to the drill-shed reserve has been obtained at Timaru. Similar arrangements and negotiations are in progress throughout the country, and by degrees we shall set all drill-halls on a satisfactory footing. 29. Artillery Gun-sheds and Stables. The establishment of field batteries in the various centres necessitated the provision of accommodation, where such did not exist, for the horses and guns to be stationed there. Plans and specifications for the requirements in this direction have been approved, and the necessary buildings will be erected as early as possible at Hamilton, Wellington, Christehurch, Nelson, Dunedin, Auckland, Napier, Palmerston North, and Invercargill. 30. Stores, Offices, and Magazines. Additions to the Headquarters offices, Wellington, necessary to provide accommodation for the Staff, have been made. A new clothing-store building, in brick, has recently been provided in Wellington, being keenly wanted to ensure the safety, and to facilitate the handling, of the large supply of clothing and miscellaneous stores required for the equipment of the Territorial Force and Senior Cadets. An office for the Director of Stores and his clerical staff is also being erected, to replace the old and insanitary premises previously occupied, and which were originally erected by the Imperial troops some sixty years ago. Repairs and additions to the District Storekeeper's residence, Auckland, have been carried out. Additions to the district store at Auckland are under consideration, to cope with the increased requirements in that direction. The provision of another small-arms-ammunition store or magazine in the Otago District is considered necessary, to relieve pressure on existing magazines. 31. Training-grounds. The reservation of the training areas in the Waimarino district, in the North Island, and in the Waimakariri district, in the South Island, has been completed. A certain amount of treeplanting for shelter and tactical purposes has been carried out on the Waimakariri Reserve. As the past year has been the initial one for the Territorial Force, and training has been restricted to regimental camps in suitable local centres, no concentration at these sites for manoeuvre purposes has yet taken place. 32. Clothing and Equipment. fa. J Accoutrements. Sixteen thousand sets of the Mills web Infantry equipment; and 16,000 water-bottles, Mark VI, were ordered, and of these some 10,000 sets have come to hand. Ihese are being issued to Infantry regiments, from whom the buff and brown leather equipment is being withdrawn. The Mounted regiments are equipped with the brown-leather bandolier equipment, an additional order for 1,000 sets, to complete, having been placed in the Dominion. The Garrison Artillery, Field Artillery, and Engineers are equipped with brown leather acoutrements, in addition to which these and Mounted Rifle regiments are equipped with the Mark IV water-bottle.

2—H. 19.

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10

For the Senior Cadets, it is anticipated that the brown-leather equipment withdrawn from the Infantry regiments will be sufficient. (b.) Clothing. Contracts for the manufacture in the Dominion of the hats, caps, uniforms, greatcoats, and puttees required for equipping the Territorial Force and Senior Cadets for the period of two years from the 21st March, 1911, were placed, and the clothing of these Forces has been carried out as far as the resources of contractors and woollen-manufacturers allowed. The contracts stipulated that all garments must be made in the Dominion from materials of New Zealand manufacture. In this connection the shortage of skilled labour for making up garments has proved a considerable handicap. The number of uniforms estimated to be required to be issued has been exceeded, as it was found that many of the old Volunteer uniforms were not fit for reissue, and there was also a strong objection raised against wearing uniforms that were previously worn. This objection could not be very well overruled considering that service was compulsory. The issue of clothing to the Territorial Force was commenced in January last, since when the following articles have been issued to regiments and other units up to the 31st May : Territorial uniforms—Jackets, 16,937; trousers, 11,536; pantaloons, 4,840; greatcoats, 6,396; hats, felt, 16,270; caps, forage, 14,373; puttees, pairs, 11,199. Senior Cadet uniforms —Jackets, blouse, 9,184; trousers, 7,100; shorts, 2,200; hats, felt, 9,241. The material is similar to that issued to the Imperial Forces —a drab worsted or woollen mixture weighing, for jackets and trousers, 10 oz. to each yard; for greatcoats and pantaloons, 14 oz.; 29 in. wide in each case. The proportion of small sizes per hundred, requisitioned for the city corps, compared with those requisitioned for country corps, is very noticeable, and if the requisitions for uniforms can be taken as any indication, the physique of the men in the large centres is evidently not to be compared with that of those belonging to country districts. The uniform for Senior Cadets is of the same material as above, and consists of hat, blouse, jackef, and trousers or shorts as preferred by the company. Owing to the great demands made upon contractors for the supply of uniforms for the Territorial Force, the supply of Senior Cadet uniforms had to stand over for some time. A good supply is now on hand, and the various Senior Cadet companies are being equipped as expeditiously as possible. The cost of uniforms for the various arms of the service is as follows: Mounted Rifles and Field Artillery (consisting of jacket, pantaloons, hat, cap, greatcoat, and puttees), £4 Bs. Id.; Garrison Artillery and Infantry (consisting of jacket, trousers, hat, cap, greatcoat, and puttees), £4 4s. 4d. The difference in cost of above is accounted for by the larger sized greatcoat and pantaloons required for Mounted Rifles and Field Artillery. Senior Cadet uniforms—Jacket, trousers, and felt hat, £1 ss. 2d.; or jacket, shorts, and felt hat, £1 2s. 4d. The difference here is accounted for by the fact that shorts are manufactured at a cheaper rate than trousers. (c.) Boots. The want of a good military boot for the Territorial Force having been strongly felt owing to the flimsy character of boots often worn by members of the Territorial Force for marching or camps, and to give the men an opportunity of obtaining same as a nominal cost, a pattern boot was selected by a special Board of officers convened for the purpose, and a contract for the supply of them was placed. The first delivery of boots from the contractor was received in January last, and samples were at once distributed to regiments and units, so that members of the Territorial Force could become acquainted with their merits. Supplies were also sent to each camp of instruction. Up to the 31st May, 3,862 pairs have been sold, showing that the necessity of having good marching-boots is becoming more extensively appreciated. To prevent competition with trade sales, issue is only made on the requisition of officers commanding units. (d.) Dress Begulations. Dress Regulations for the New Zealand Military Forces have been adopted and issued. These provide for the uniform equipment of the various branches of the service, and stipulate that the service uniform only is compulsory for the Territorial Force and Senior Cadets, and that no distinctions other than those necessary to distinguish the various arms must be worn. Full-dress uniforms are optional, and where provided by units must be maintained from private and not from public funds. Regimental badges for the various units have been selected by thorn and approved for adoption, with any necessary amendments which will tend to the uniformity of equipment and add to the esprit de corps of the Territorial Force. (c.) Equipment Begulations. The requirements of the Forces having been gauged, and the directions in which equipment will require to be increased to meet the services demanded having been noted, Equipment Regulations for the Forces will be shortly put in hand. (f.) Camp Equipment and Cooking-utensils. The expansion of the Forces necessitated the camp equipment being increased during the year by the addition of 500 circular tents and 20 hospital marquees. The equipment now available as under is distributed to the four military districts in proportion to requirements : 101 marquees, hospital; 30 tents, operating; 2,700 tents, circular.

11

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The supply of camp cooking-utensils has also required adding to. With the exception of camp-kettles, which are a special pattern not produced locally, these articles are procured in the Dominion. (g.) Medical Equipment. The medical equipment in the Dominion has been redistributed in accordance with the increased number of Field Ambulance ambulances, and the provision of additional medical equipment is at present under consideration. Instructions have been issued to ensure that certain medical equipment is available at all forts and camps of instruction. (h.) Veterinary Equipment. The veterinary equipment available in the Dominion is distributed to the four military districts, and used principally for instructional purposes. It will, however, be necessary to obtain additional veterinary medicine-chests, sets of farriers' tools, and field forges, so that these may be available in the camps of Mounted regiments. Wallets, veterinary services, &c, for use with the field batteries are being ordered. (i.) Transport Vehicles. Four additional water-carts have been added to the equipment during the year, making nine in the Dominion. The tanks were imported and the bodies constructed in the Dominion. Considerable additions to these and other vehicles will be required if the full establishment for units is to be completed. There are five general-service wagons available for use with the Forces. The general-service wagon, Mark V, ordered as a pattern with a view to getting any others required manufactured in the Dominion, has been received. Five small-arms-ammunition carts are available. One cable-cart is on hand, and four on order. Three Imperial and five colonial pattern ambulance-wagons are available. fj.J Signalling Equipment. Provision should be made for pack-saddlery for the transport of signal stores in the field. Sufficient supplies are in hand to partially equip the Signal Companies, and there are sufficient instruments in the Dominion for training. Signal flags and poles can be made in the Dominion, and also signalling bull's-eye lamps, if required. (I.J Capitation. It has not yet been possible to finally square up the capitation grants of all old Volunteer units, but the matter is engaging my attention, and I have ordered the assembly of a board of officers in each district to give finality to the matter. 33. Wireless. Experiments with wireless telegraphy are being carried out; a transmitting and receiving station is being set up at Dorset Point, and a receiving station at Fort Ballance. We are now awaiting the arrival of an induction-coil. If signalling between the above stations is found possible we should be able to establish communication with wireless stations on land and sea at considerable distances, unless the stations are syntonized in a special manner. Permanent stations could be set up to meet all military requirements at small expense, and I propose shortly to make definite rceommendations with regard to them. 34. Aviation. The question of aviation has been under the consideration of the General Staff, and preliminary arrangements have been made for the training of certain officers and non-commissioned officers in this important subject; but till next year, when the training is more advanced and our expenditure has become normal, I do not propose to make any definite recommendations or incur any expenditure in connection with the purchase of aeroplanes. We must learn to walk before we attempt to fly. 35. Mapping. A military topographical survey of the Dominion was commenced on the Ist November, 1911. The total area surveyed to date and plotted on the field-maps is eighty square miles. 36. Affiliation with Home Army. (a.) His Most Gracious Majesty the King has been pleased to confer on the 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Eifles and on the Ist (Canterbury) Regiment the honour of becoming their Colonel-in-Chief.

I&—19

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(b.) The distinction of Colonel-in-Chief has been accepted by the following :— f .C. Field Marshal the Right Hon. Frederick Sleigh,"Earl Roberts, K.G., K.P., G.C.8., 0.M., G.C.5.1., G.C.1.E., v.d., of the regiment of Royal New Zealand Artillery and the New Zealand Artillery. Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Viscount Kitchener, of Khartoum, K.P., G.C.8., 0.M., G.C.5.1., G.C.M.G., G.C.1.E., of the corps of New Zealand Engineers, (c.) The distinction of Honorary Colonel has been accepted by the following : — Lieut.-General Sir Herbert Charles Onslow Plumer, X.C.8., of the 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles. Sir William Russell Russell, of the 9th Regiment (Wellington East Coast Rifles). (d.) Approval has been obtained for the affiliation of the senior regiment of Mounted Rifles in each district to " King Edward's Horse (The King's Oversea Dominions Regiment)." 37. Next Year's Training. The experience gained during the past year shows that in this, as in all other countries in the world, the late autumn is, as a rule, the most suitable time for holding the annual camps, which should be the climax of the training season. Considerable latitude was given to commanding officers in choosing the dates of their camps, as it was realized that we were of necessity in an experimental stage, and that we must gain our experience in that way. The advantages of holding the camps during the late autumn are that the harvest is over, the milking season is drawing near its slackest time, the end of the financial year has been passed, and the greatest part of the military year has been available for putting in the required number of drills and parades which, in a proper scheme of progressive training, must all precede the annual -camp. The only disadvantage is that the days are shorter and the weather probably colder and wetter than in the summer, but this is a disadvantage common to autumn camps and manoeuvres in all countries, and cannot be helped. May is, however, the latest month in which camps can be held. After that, not only does it become too cold and wet, but it is not possible to further postpone the posting and beginning of the training of the quota of recruits for the following year. Arrangements will therefore probably be made for next year's Artillery, Engineers, and Infantry camps to be held during March and April, and for the Mounted camps in April and May, the latter being put last because they contain the largest proportion of men engaged in the farming and dairying industries. Should the harvest be early, it may be possible to hold them earlier. Brigade camps will be held, economy of money and instruction and increased efficiency being thereby attained, while at the same time opportunity will be afforded to the brigade commanders to exercise their commands. With this object in view, sites for camps must be selected which will give room for the exercise in open country of considerable bodies of troops. During the past year many of the camp-sites, though admirably suited for the preliminary instruction and recruits' drill which was carried out, afforded little or no opportunity for work in the field. The question of the combined training of all arms must, as far as the camps are concerned, wait till the year 1913-14. The stages of the inception of the new scheme of training must be progressive. In the meantime, during the forthcoming summer months of 1912-13, District Commanders will arrange for combined exercises of the three arms in connection with the carryingout of the requisite number of half-day and whole-day parades. With reference to paragraphs 11 and 23 of this report, it will be a matter for consideration in the future whether it may not be more convenient to employers and farmers, and to those who have to be trained in the Territorial Force, if the number of annual parades and drills were definitely reduced by regulation, and the number of days in camp increased instead. The rates of pay for camp would probably have to be proportionately reduced. This course might enable a portion of the musketry practice of country units to be done during the period of camp, where convenient, and would, I think, result in greater efficiency generally. It is the general experience in the training of citizen troops that it is after the first week that the benefits of the training really begin to show, and there is no question but that much more can be done in camp than at individual parades and drills. The extra expense involved would be met, to a great extent, by the reduction in the travellingexpenses of Instructors, consequent on the diminution of the parades and drills at local drill centres. I propose in the near future to consult employers of labour, farmers, &c, on this subject, and to work out the details as regards expenditure. T shall then be in a position to report to you more definitely on the question. In any case I wish to make it clear that I do not propose to recommend any increase in the amount of training. The suggestion is only that a variation of the scale may be found advisable. Further, I am strongly of opinion that no question of expediency, of difficulties, or of expense, within reasonable limits, should be allowed to prevent the excellent material for soldiers which exists in the country districts from being available for service in Territorial units. Our aim must be to train, in properly organized bodies, an efficient Field Army composed of the best material available, a very different proposition to merely teaching drill and shooting to those young men who can be reached or collected at a minimum of inconvenience and expense. 38. Finance. Owing to the non-arrival of the new field-guns from Home, the money voted on last year's estimates for payment for them has not been expended, and the vote of the Department is therefore considerably underspent.

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This will necessitate the provision on this year's estimates of a similar sum to meet this capital and non-recurrent expenditure. As regards the future, I am confident that the normal annual expenditure on a Territorial Force of 30,000 men, 35,000 Senior Cadets, and a second line of 25,000 Rifle Club men need not exceed the amount originally stated in Parliament and by Lord Kitchener. 39. Conclusion. In conclusion, 1 wish to bring specially to your notice the excellent work that has been done by all the permanent officers and non-commissioned officers and by the civilian staffs of the Department in initiating the new scheme. Those who were taken on locally in order to start it have, almost without exception, more than justified their selection. I do not think that the magnitude of the undertaking has been generally realized, and I am convinced that, had it not been for the tact, loyalty, and unceasing hard work of all those who have been concerned in its inception, there would have been little chance of its having become already practically an assured success. The success has also been due in great measure to the interest and cordial co-operation shown by the Territorial officers of all ranks, most of whom, I am glad to say, have taken their military responsibilities very seriously. They evidently do not intend that their military knowledge shall suffer more than can possibly be helped from the fact that they are not able to devote all their time to soldiering. ' 1 have the honour to be, Sir. Your obedient servant, Alex. J. Godlet, Major-General, Wellington, 27th June, 1912. Commanding New Zealand Forces.

APPENDICES.

APPENDIX A.

NEW ZEALAND MILITARY FORCES 1912.—RETURN OF ATTENDANCE AT CAMPS BY UNITS.

Unit. S" ft Ua 2 1 S3 4)4) «'g o ft « D tj Xlrrf <0 3 o | CD S <i o "eS O H 4 1» H.| . O o •o S35 — E3 ■2 II i Sa 5 ■s ii.o si.- | |g SSlS g$ . 5 lo 4j S3 -44 §4* fl S oj 3-8.3 a .- o S» 4 9 Bo ,3,2 ooo £So« S a sS3 "8 fc fc so Ph fc H _6 7 8 9 i 10 11 1 Atrc JKLAND MlLITAI IY Disi raid. 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles 1 lth (North Auckland) Mounted Rifles Auckland Field Artillery Brigade .. Auckland Garrison Artillery Division No. 3 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers 3rd (Auckland) Regiment (" Countess of Ranfurly's Own ") 6th (Hauraki) Regiment 15th (North Auckland) Regiment .. 16th (Waikato) Regiment Auckland Mounted Signal Company Auckland Infantry Signal Company.. No. 1 Field Ambulance .. ... No. 5 Mounted Field Ambulance 369 428 291 178 280 136 715 16 Nil Nil 3 11 3 71 385 428 291 181 291 139 786 15 15 13 5 16 Nil 73 3 13 41 20 66 43 Nil 5 64 5 16 4 148 ! 50 416 504 413 191 376 159 1,057 92-55 84-92 70-46 94-76 77-39 87-42 74-36 128 163 159 309 74 46 207 544 667 572 500 450 205 1,264 396 454 531 18 104 104 6 94 33 92 Nil 2 9 Nil 490 j 487 623 18 106 113 6 50 22 58 2 10 6 2 27 43 10 115 17 12 Nil Nil Nil Nil 15 I Nil j Nil 407 I 311 610 634 710 20 116 135 8 80-33 76-81 87-75 90-00 91-38 83-70 75-00 414 390 314 11 (Over) 116 108 1,024 1,024 1,024 31 62 251 116 Totals .. 4,010 334 4,344 287 5,349 81-21 2,385 7,734

H.—l9.

APPENDIX A—continued. New Zealand Military Forces, 1912. —Return of Attendance at Camps by Units — continued.

Percentage of number who had leave from camp, including sick 3-90 Percentage of number absent without leave .. .. 8"04 Percentage of number unaccounted for owing to change of residence or other unknown cause .. .. .. 5 - 57 17-51+82-49 = 100%

14

Unit. S S ft €■9 1 1 2 _^^5 O P. S3 a « QJ QJ i, .o-a S3 S %£ 3 Q P OS *! I c i -*^ < b( ■¥> o i r 1 a S O o ■*4_g ■° S9 c 2 I I 43 a P 6_ sss£ Si" s a cS p ■ -2 a . S7ip jsai 'A m 7 8 o ■♦a < O <D e3 Ph 9 .S+s Is 10 0 O I 3 m u J Canti 'KRBURY Y Milita: i.RY DlS 5TRIOT. 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeo- 396 manry Cavalry) 8th (South Canterbury) Mounted Rifles 273 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles .. 357 Canterbury Field Artillery Brigade .. 181 Nos. 4 and 8 Companies, N.Z. Garrison 1.16 ArtiUery No. 1 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers 124 1st (Canterbury) Regiment . . 632 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment . . 521 12th (Nelson) Regiment .. . . 406 13th (North Canterbury and West- 569 land) Regiment Canterbury Mounted Signal Company 11 Canterbury Infantry Signal Company 56 No. 3 Field Ambulance .. .. 106 No. 6 Mounted Field Ambulance .. 51 ■ 27 423 15 j 16 10 464 464 91-16 80 544 71 NU 15 18 344 357 196 134 8 I 32 3 i 19 26 12 25 41 18 396 NU 401 396 86-87 401 89-03 232 84-48 194 69-07 148 143 268 106 544 544 500 300 8 232 Nil 194 17 123 181 112 131 141 755 702 518 700 7 20 27 19 25 13 235 147 86 106 12 173 30 1,040 100 976 85 708 57 888 173 81-50 1,040 72-60 976 71-93 708 73-1.6 888 78-33 32 224 48 316 256 205 1,264 1,024 1,024 1,144 Nil 2 35 Nil II 58 141 51 Nil Nil Nil 4 2 2 5 7 Nil 13 1 61 NU 146 1 63 1.3 84-62 61 95-08 146 96-58 63 80-95 18 1 105 53 31 62 251 116 Totals .. .. .. 3,799 732 4,531 179 723 322 5,755 5,755 78-73 1,798 7,553 Oi •TAGO M 'Iixitary DlSTRI ICT. 11 372 6 413 1 279 20 265 Nil 99 172 131 265 235 51 62 600 199 569 485 7 4 123 89 544 544 544 500 150 205 1,264 1,024 1,024 1,024 31 62 251 116 5th Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars).. 296 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles .. 268 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles .. 241 Otago Field Artillery Brigade .. 1.83 No. 2 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery 90 No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers 91 4th Regiment (Otago Rifles) .. 420 8th Regiment (Southland Rifles) .. 401 10th Regiment (North Otago Rifles) 304 14th Regiment (South Otago Rifles) 411, Otago Mounted Signal Company .. 19 Otago Infantry Signal Company .. 48 No. 2 Field Ambulance .. .. 96 No. 7 Mounted Field Ambulance .. 22 29 94 25 16 6 14 114 232 75 , 101 5 3 1 3 325 362 266 199 96 105 534 633 379 512 24 51 97 25 13 27 11 44 2 5 38 41 22 13 Nil 4 12 NU 23 18 1 2 1 27 14 118 20 4 Nil 3 15 1 6 143 78 664 33 825 34 455 10 539 NU 24 NU 58 372 87-37 413 87-65 279 95-34 265 75-09 99 96-97 143 73-43 664 80-42 825 76-73 455 83-30 539 94-99 24 100-00 58 87-93 128 75-78 27 92-59 4 128 1 27 Totals .. .. .. 2,890 718 3,608 232 247 204 4,291 4,291 84-08 2,992 7,283 Weli iLINGTOK s Milita !RY DlS 3TKICT. 27 490 490 72-86 54 544 Queen Alexandra's 2nd (Wellington 339 I West Coast) Mounted Rifles 6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles .. 363 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted 422 Rifles Wellington Field Artillery Brigade .. 147 Mountain Art llery Battery .. 160 Wellington Garrison Artillery Division 314 No. 4 Field. Company, N.Z. Engineers 104 5th Regiment (Wellington Rifles) .. 588 7th Regiment (Wellington West Coast 502 Rifles) 9th Regiment (Wellington East Coast 444 Rifles) 1st Battalion 9th Regiment (Wellington-East Coast 451 Rifles) 2nd Battalion 11th Regiment (Taranaki Rifles) .. j 598 Wellington Mounted Signal Company 18 Wellington Infantry Signal Company 26 No. 4 Field Ambulance ... .. 123 No. 8 Mounted Field Ambulance .. 24 18 357 12 94 24 35 387 457 16 7 15 10 11 429 10 484 429 90-21 484 94-42 115 183 544 667 38 24 12 22 64 1.72 185 184 326 126 652 674 8 Nil Nil Nil 18 28 Nil 10 21 4 43 46 2 195 6 200 13 360 11 141 97 810 83 831 195 94-87 200 92 360 90-56 141 89-36 810 80-49 831 81-10 305 13 90 64 214 193 500 213 450 205 1,024 1,024 . 82 526 11 32 31 600 600 87-67 424 1,024 114 i 565 Nil 21 26 612 612 92-32 412 1,024 110 Nil ! 4 • 3 3 708 18 30 126 27 34 NU 1 9 NU 53 Nil 2 10 Nil 36 831 Nil 18 13 46 Nil 145 NU 27 831 85-20 18 100-00 46 65-22 145 86-90 27 100-00 193 13 16 106 89 1,024 31 62 251 116 Totals 4,623 725 5,348 144 361 366 6,219 6,219 85-99 2,484 8,703 Grand totals . . .. 15,322 2,509 17,831 842 1,738 1,203 21,614 21,614* 82-49 9,659 31,273 * This number only were posted for 1911-12, as it i till 1914. -12, as it is necessary to reach the fi 11 estab] lishment b; degrees, md it wi] not be ci impleted

h.—l9;

APPENDIX B.

NEW ZEALAND MILITARY FORCES, 1912.

15

Camp. Date. j I Units. ! Officers. Men. Camp-site, how obtained. Oringi Feb. 10-19 .. (a.) Unit Camps. D Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery F Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery J Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery No. 4 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. 5 2 3 3 155 Given by Mr. H. Gais75 ford. 67 101 Wairongoa Feb. 14-22 .. 4th Regiment (Otago Rifles) 13 398 19 401 Given by Messrs. Thompson and Co. Annadale (Piako) Feb. 17-25 .. 6th (Hauraki) Regiment 16th (Waikato) Regiment Cadets 22 4 373 Given by Major R. C. 6 Allen (6th Hauraki Regiment). Kensington Park (Wha.igarei) Feb. 23-Mar. 2 26 379 15th (North Auckland) Regiment No. I Field Ambulance Cadets 15 2 438 Rented ; cost, £10. 3 Feb. 24-Mar. 3 17 441 Mandeville B Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery C Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers . . 3 3 I 96 Given by Mr. J. Hargest. 66 Forts Dorset, Kelburne, and Balhnce Waitati Mar. 2-10 .. 7 162 Nos. I, 3, 5, and 9 Companies, Wellington Divisional Garrison Artillery 12 305 Government property. Mar. 2-10 Otago Mounted Brigade Signal Company Otago Infantry Brigade Signal Compa^r 1 3 19 Given by Mr. McEwan. 45 Kakariki (Greatford) Mar. 6-14 4 64 7th Regiment (Wellington West Coast Rifles) J Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 5th Regiment (Wellington Rifles) 9th Regiment (Wellington East Coast Rifles) Cadets 19 i 493 Given by Mrs. Howard, Westoe. 7 's 2 22 505 Fort J e r v o i s (Lyttelton) Mar. 9-17 No. 4 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery 1st (Canterbury) Regiment (two coast defence companies) 3 66 Given by Mr. Gardner, 126 Purau, and Government property. 192 Mar. 9-17 3 Seatoun Reserve (Wellington) No. 4 Field Ambulance 7 119 Government property. Hamilton ' Mar. 10-18 Auckland Field Artillery Brigade Ammunition Column No. 3 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. Auckland Infantry Brigade Signal Com8 6 3 148 Given by Waikato Agri23 cultural and Pastoral 129 Association. 101 Marakeke Mar. 16-24 pany 17 401 9th Regiment (Wellington East Coast Rifles), 1st Battalion 9th Regiment (Wellington East Coast Rifles), 2nd Battalion 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted Rifles F Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 5th Regiment (Wellington Rifles) No. 4 Field Ambulance Cadets 18 19 436 Given by Mr. Sydney Johnston. 442 1 6 13 1 . 6 43 899

H.~19,

APPENDIX B— continued.

NEW ZEALAND MILITARY FORCES, 1912— continued.

16

Ccm?. Date. Units. Officers. Men. Camp-site, how obtained. Papatoetoe Mar. 17-25 (a.) Unit Camps— continued. 3rd (Auckland) Regiment (" Countess of Ranfurly's Own ") No. 7 Company, Auckland Divisional Garrison Artillery 15th (North Auckland) Regiment No. 1 Field Ambulance, A Section Cadets [ 26 1 6 2 689 2 13 97 Given by Mr. McLaughlin. 35 801 Hamilton Mar. 19-27 .. 16th (Waikato) Regiment 3rd (Auckland) Regiment (" Countess of Ranfurly's Own ") 6th (Hauraki) Regiment No. 1 Field Ambulance 17 519 1 Given by Waikato Agricultural and Pastoral Association. 65 2 Mar. 23-31 .. Nos. 1, 6, and 7 Companies, Auckland Divisional Garrison Artillery 17 9 587 271 Government property. forts Bastion, Cautley, and Takapuna )rari Mar. 23-31 .. 8th (South Canterbury) Mounted Rifles Canterbury Mounted Brigade Signal Company 18 255 11 Given by Mr. Guyon MacDonald. Joalgate Mar. 23-31 .. 18 226 E Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Canterbury Brigade Ammunition Column 4 2 95 14 Given by Major J. Deans (1st Mounted Rifles, Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry). Mar. 23-31 .. 6 109 tichmond Park (Nelson) Vestport H Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 5 61 Rented; cost, £15. Mar. 23-31 .. No. 8 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment (coast defence company) 2 44 29 Given by Westport Harbour Board. Mar. 23-31 .. 2 73 lerton No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. 4 87 Given by Mr. Orbell. lore Mar. 26-April3 8th Regiment (Southland Rifles) B Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery C Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 4th Regiment (Otago Rifles) 10th Regiment (North Otago Rifles) .. 14th Regiment (South Otago Rifles) .. Reserve of Officers 13 398 2 2 33 1 7 Given by Agricultural and Pastoral Association. 1 Ireymouth 14 443 Mar. 30-April7 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment (half-battalion) No. 3 Field Ambulance, C Section 10 251 Given by trustees, Racing Club. 28 10 279 langiora Mar. 30-April7 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment (half-battalion) 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry) No. 1 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. 1st (Canterbury) Regiment Cadets 5 274 Given by trustees, Agricultural and Pastoral Association. 1 1 3 4 Mar. 30-Apr. 7 9 279 Given by Mr. G. MacMahon. Tapawera 12th (Nelson) Regiment (six companies) No. 8 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery No. 3 Field Ambulance, B Section Cadets 15 1 391 23 ;4 20 Orari Apr. 1-9 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment 21 414 500 Given by Mr. Guyon MacDonald. Marshlands (Christchurch) Apr. 4-12 No. 1 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. Canterbury Infantry Brigade Signal Com6 2 118 54 Given by owner of Foxe's Farm. pany 8 172 Templeton Apr. 4-12 1st (Canterbury) Regiment No. 3 Field Ambulance, A Section Cadets 20 3 2 482 47 Given by trustees Domain Board. 25 529

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APPENDIX B— continued.

NEW ZEALAND MILITARY FORCES, 1912— continued.

3—H. 19.

17

Camp. Date. Unit3. Officers. Men. | Camp-site, how obtained. (a.) Unit Camps— continued. >tago Heads .. Apr. 4-12 No. 2 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery.. Otago Field Artillery Brigade Ammunition column 5 85 1 13 2 Government property. [otueka Apr. 4-12 5 100 Given by Mr. Staples. 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles (two squadrons) 12th (Nelson) Regiment 15 134 1 'rentham Apr. 4-12 16 134 Government property. 5th Regiment (Wellington Rifles) D Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Wellington Divisional Garrison Artillery No. 4 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. Wellington Infantry Brigade Signal Company N.Z. Post and Telegraph Corps Cadets 24 i 3 569 1 9 18 23 17 12 Wyndham lamaru Apr. 11-19 Apr. 11-19 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles 10th Regiment (North Otago Rifles) .. B Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery C Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. 4th Regiment (Otago Rifles) 8th Regiment (Southland Rifles) 14th Regiment (South Otago Rifles) Cadets 45 15 632 259 Given by Racing Club committee, and trustees recreation reserve. Given by North Otago Agricultural and Pastoral Association. 12 297 1 4 3 35 45 13 3 i 16 398 .awera Apr. 17-25 11th Regiment (Taranaki Rifles) Queen Alexandra's 2nd (Wellington West Coast) Mounted Rifles 7th Regiment (Wellington West Coast Rifles) Cadets 16 2 587 1 Given by Hawera Racing Club. 3 lotukarara Apr. 19-27 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry Cavalry) 1st (Canterbury) Regiment 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment No. 3 Field Ambulance No. 6 Mounted Field Ambulance Cadets 21 20 588 376 1 2 Given by trustees of Waihora Park3 2 5 48 11th (North Auckland) Mounted Rifles.. 15th (North Auckland) Regiment ! 25 14 432 277 14 Rented ; cost, £30. [aunu (Whangarei) Apr. 24-May 2 I .. May 1-9 14 291 Given by Mr. James Norrie. [ilton 14th Regiment (South Otago Rifles) .. 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles C Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. 4th Regiment (Otago Rifles) 8th Regiment (Southland Rifles) 10th Regiment (North Otago Rifles) Otago Mounted Brigade Signal Company No. 2 Mounted Field Ambulance 16 2 404 3 3 8 24 112 58 4 4 18 620 ft'airongoa May 1-9 No. 2 Field Ambulance B Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery Ammunition Column No. 2 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery.. 14th Regiment (South Otago Rifles) No. 7 Mounted Field Ambulance i X 95 1 2 3 1 20 Given by Messrs. Thompson and Co. 1 2 122

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APPENDIX B— continued.

NEW ZEALAND MILITARY FORCES, 1912— continued.

18

Camp. Date. Units. pfflcers. Men. Camp-site, how obtained. Avondale May 2-10 (a.) Unit Camps— continved. 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles .. 22 No. 7 Company, Auckland Divisional Gar- 1 rison Artillery No. 3 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers 3rd (Auckland) Regiment (" Countess of Ranfurly's Own ") 15th (North Auckland) Regiment 16th (Waikato) Regiment Auckland Infantry Brigade Signal Com347 7 4 70 Given by Avondale Jockey Club. 6 4 2 pany No. 1 Field Ambulance Cadets .. .. .. .. 1 5 May 2-10 24 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted 26 Rifles 445 416 Given by Mr. Guthrie Smith. 'utira talclutha May 10-18 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles .. .. 15 5th Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars) 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers 8th Regiment (Southland Rifles) 10th Regiment (North Otago Rifles) 14th Regiment (South Otago Rifles) Cadets .. .. .. .. 1 231 3 67 1 11 2 26 Given by the Town Council. May 10-18 16 341 Given by Mr. J. C. Chaytor. [arshlands (Blenheim) 10th (Nelson) Mounted Rifles (two squad- 13 rons) —■ 195 (faverley May 17-25 Queen Alexandra's 2nd (Wellington West 23 Coast) Mounted Rifles i 336 Given by the Okotuku Domain Board. (lack Bridge on Silverstream May 18-26 5th Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars) .. 15 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles .. 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles B Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery No. 2 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers 8th Regiment (Southland Rifles) .. I 10th Regiment (North Otago Rifles) 14th Regiment (South Otago Rifles) Otago Mounted Brigade Signal Company j No. 7 Mounted Field Ambulance ' .. 281 20 I U 2 3 30 12 7 3 1 Given by Mr. J. Gow, Wingatui. I 1S 6th (Manawatu) Mounted Rifles ... 19 ! J Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery .. Wellington Mounted Brigade Signal Com- 1 pany No. 8 Mounted Field Ambulance .. i 3 370 349 4 17 Given by Messrs. Robinson Brothers and the Foxton Racing Club. 'oxton May 22-30 ! 21 May 22-31 23 ■ | 391 Given by the Rotorua Jockey Club. iotorua 4th (Waikato) Mounted Rifles .. 24 3rd (Auckland) Mounted Rifles .. G Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery . . Auckland Divisional Garrison Artillery 1 6th (Hauraki) Regiment .. .... 16th (Waikato) Regiment .. .. j 3 Auckland Mounted Brigade Signal Com- , 1 409 16 2 30 79 17 pany j No. 5 Mounted Field Ambulance .. 1 Cadets .. .. .. .. 1 5 Given by trustees, Domain Board. 31 558 (b.) Casualty Camps. Templeton May 2-10 1st Mounted Rifles (Canterbury Yeomanry i 1 Cavalry) E Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery .. Canterbury Brigade Ammunition Column No. 4 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery | No. 1 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers 1st (Canterbury) Regiment .. .. 5 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment Canterbury Infantry Brigade Signal Company No. 3 Held Ambulance .. .... Cadets .. .. .. .. 5 25 6 3 5 I 15 i 117 I 43 • 2 I : 16 11 232

ft.-rld.

19

APPENDIX B— continued.

NEW ZEALAND MILITARY FORCES, 1912—continued.

Totals. Officers. Men. Total. 792 17,152 17,944 The reason that the total of this return is 113 greater than that of Appendix A is accounted for by the inclusion of some cadets and Post and Telegraph Corps men who attended camps, and of sime men who did a portion of their training at one camp and the rest at another.

Camp. Date. Units. Officers. Men. Camp-site, how obtained. (6.) Casualty Camps— continued. Ashburton May 2-10 8th (South Canterbury) Mounted Rifles No. 1 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. 1st (Canterbury) Regiment 2nd (South Canterbury) Regiment Cadets ! 3 i 6 5 68 1 I Given by Agricultural and Pastoral Association. 175 May 2-10 " ! 15 1 244 ■ Given by trustees, Racing Club. O m 6 t o (Greymouth) - ] 13 84 No. 8 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery 13th (North Canterbury and Westland) Regiment Cadets - I '2 3 Spring Creek (Blenheim) May 9-17 H Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 12th (Nelson) Regiment No. 3 Field Ambulance Cadets 5 i 97 6 110 7 Given by Mr. J. C. Chaytor. 7 Wanganui May 17-25 8 123 Putiki Rifle Range, Government property. 7th Regiment (Wellington West Coast Rifles) 3 '172 ; Mastertbn May 17-25 D Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery F Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 9th Regiment (Wellington East Coast Rifles) No. 4 Field Ambulance .. 1 6 197 Given by Agricultural and Pastoral Association. 4 1 Trentham May 18-26 Wellington Divisional Garrison Artillery No. 4 Field Company, N.Z. Engineers .. 5th Regiment (Wellington Rifles) j Wellington Infantry Brigade Signal Co m pany No. 4 Field Ambulance 4 205 3 3 59 4 Government property. i 1 1 70 Alexandra Military Depot (Wellington) June 7-15 D Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery ; J Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery j 1 22 15 Government property. June 7—15 1 37 Given by Agricultural and Pastoral Association. Palmerston North ! Queen Alexandra's 2nd (Wellington West Coast) Mounted Rifles 6th (Manawatu) Mounted. Rifles 9th (Wellington East Coast) Mounted Rifles I) Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery 7th Regiment (Wellington West Coast Rifles) No. 8 Mounted Field Ambulance ■ • 2 18 23 34 I 6 2 3 85 Given by Mr. McEwan. fvaitati June 7-15 5th Mounted Rifles (Otago Hussars) 7th (Southland) Mounted Rifles 12th (Otago) Mounted Rifles C Battery, N.Z. Field Artillery No. 2 Company, N.Z. Garrison Artillery 4th Regiment (Otago Rifles) 8th Regiment (Southland Rifles) 10th Regiment (North Otago Rifles) .. 14th Regiment (South Otago Rifles) Otago Mounted Signal Company i No. 7 Mounted Field Ambulance 23 5 16 i 1 17 34 2 21 2 1 1 122

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APPENDIX C.

FINAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR POSTING. Posting Committees. 1. (a.) The posting in each area-group will be carried out by a Posting Committee, composed as follows :— President — The Officer i/c the Area-group. Members — The Adjutants of the Mounted Rifle regiments concerned. The Adjutant of the Field Artillery brigade or an officer of the R.N.Z.A. detailed to act • 11-,-,I 1 -,- , for him (in groups) from which men for Field or Mounted Artillery units or Engineer units are drawn). The Staff Officer to the Coast Defence Commander (in groups from which men for Garrison Artillery units are drawn). The Staff Officer for Senior Cadets. A permanent officer to be detailed by Officer Commanding District to carry out the posting to the Medical units in the district (in groups from which men for the Medical units are drawn). The following will also attend : — The Area Sergeant-majors of the group. The Sergeant Instructors of units concerned. (».) The President and members, while acting as executive Posting Officers, will be responsible for representing the views of their respective Commanding Officers. The Posting Officer for Medical units will represent the views of the Principal Medical Officer of the district. (c.) As some of the above-mentioned officers and warrant officers are concerned in the posting in more than one area-group, the dates of sitting of the Posting Committees must be arranged so as to ensure the attendance in each case of all concerned. The Posting Committee will sit in the office of the Officer i/c the Area-group, and will assemble, under district arrangements, as soon as the medical examination is sufficiently advanced to admit of the posting being undertaken. A programme showing the proposed dates of sittings of the different Posting Committees in each district must be forwarded to Headquarters as soon as arranged. 2. Preliminary instructions for posting (Circular Memo. No. 54/11, of 30th June, 1911) have already been issued. The principles laid down in that memorandum should not only have been carefully studied by all concerned, but also tentatively applied to each area-group before the Committees sit. The area-maps described in Headquarters letter No. 11 M.O. 2755/3684, of 31st July, 1911, and the Registration Roll-books, will also be available. These, together with this memorandum and such special instructions as O.C. Districts may issue, will furnish all the data that the Posting Committees will require. The attention of all those concerned in the posting is called to paragraphs 168 and IC9 of the Regulations (Provisional) for the Military Forces of New Zealand, and to the article on the " Conditions of Service and Training in the New Zealand Territorial Force," of 27th April, 1911, contributed by the General Staff. Special attention is to be paid to the posting of employees belonging to the same firm, so as to provide that all are not required for training at the same time. Numbering of Senior Cadet Companies. 3. The Senior Cadet companies in each military district will be numbered from 1 upwards, the numbers being allotted by O.C. Districts with due regard to the seniority of existing companies. It is intended that all Senior Cadet companies should also be known by Territorial designations, but the numbers alone will be used for the purpose of posting. Maps to be submitted by Committees. 4. (a.) The results of the posting as carried out by each Posting Committee will be submitted to District Headquarters in the form of a series of maps for each area-group, with short explanatory notes attached \vhere necessary. The maps recommended for use in the country area-groups are the maps issued by the Lands and Survey Department, and obtainable on application by O.C. Districts from the District Headquarters of that Department at Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin. In the purely city area-groups at the four centres the most convenient large-scale map of each city will be used. (b.) The maps (or tracings from maps if found more convenient) which must be submitted for each area-group are as follows (the member of the Committee who is responsible for each map is stated in each case) : — (i.) Map showing the postings to the Infantry battalion and Infantry Brigade Signal company (if any) furnished from the group. (Officer i/c Area-group.) (ii.) Map showing the postings to the Mounted Rifle regiments and Mounted Signal company (if any) in the group. (Adjutants, Mounted Rifles.) (iii.) Map showing the postings to batteries of Field and Artillery and Ammunition Column, and Field Company Engineers (if any) in the group. (Adjutant, Field Artillery Brigade, or the officer detailed to act for him.)

20

21

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(iv.) Map showing the postings to the Garrison Artillery companies (if any) in the group. (Stuff Officer to Coast Defence Commander.) (v.) Map showing the postings to the Medical units in the group. (Posting Officer for Medical units.) (vi.) Map showing the posting to Senior Cadet Companies in the group. (Staff Officer for Senior Cadets.) (c.) There will be no posting to the Army Service Corps. Those shown on form M.T. 7, 3 (c) and 3 (d), will be posted (by an Officer i/c Area-group) to the Kailway Corps and Post and Telegraph Corps respectively. No maps will be required in this case. The detailed organization of these corps is still under consideration. 5. (a.) Each map will show the subdivision of the area-group into company, squadron, or corresponding areas as described in the first half of paragraph 11 of Circular Memo. No. 54/11, of 30th June, 1911. The proposed drill centres in each company, &c, area will be clearly shown, and each company, squadron, or corresponding area will be named after the company, squadron, &c, which it is to furnish. The purpose of these maps is to show clearly the organization of the various arms down to the lowest administrative body — i.e., the squadron, company, &c. It is, of course, realized that it may not be possible to carry out at once in its entirety the principle of allotting every soldier and cadet to a drill centre within one hour's journey of where he lives; it is inevitable that a few must be outside this radius; but this detailed development of the organization, as described in Circular Memo. 54/11, must be borne in mind by those responsible for the posting. It is not, however, necessary to complicate the maps now being asked for by endeavouring to show on them the allotment of each individual to a definite drill centre. Nevertheless, it must be clearly understood that every man must now, for purposes of administration, be posted definitely to a squadron, battery, company, section of an ambulance, &c.; until this is done he cannot be enrolled, clothed, and armed. The question of how men beyond the radius of compulsory attendance from a drill centre are to be trained must be for the further consideration of the regimental and company, &c, authorities; such cases can only be solved by the exercise of ingenuity on the part of those intimately acquainted with local conditions. There is a solution to be found in every such case if it is sought. (b.) The drill centres must be shown, and must be carefully chosen. The more closely the drill centres of the various arms can be made to coincide, the greater will be the facilities for training, since the visits .of the permanent instructors will be the more easily arranged; also, since much of the preliminary training required at ordinary drills is common to the different arms, members of the different arms will often be able to attend and be drilled simultaneously at the same centre. (c.) Each battery, Garrison Artillery company, Field company of Engineers, and Signal company should be drawn from one centre, as it is necessary to their efficiency that they should train as units. This is not the case with Field Ambulances, the organization of which should include section centres, so as to provide for the inclusion of men in outlying districts. Ammunition columns should not be recruited up to more than a quarter of their establishment. 6. It is realized that the postings carried out by the Posting Committees must remain subject to some alteration as regards the interior organization of units. The final adjustments will be made gradually by regimental authorities, who are, of course, at liberty to transfer individuals from squadron to squadron, or company to company, &c, within their units in order to facilitate attendance at drills and parades. ■. ■ Returns to be approved. 7. The posting returns (maps), on receipt at District Headquarters, will be carefully studied and checked by O.C. Districts, and will be submitted by them to Headquarters, Wellington, for final approval. Any modifications in the boundaries of areas and area-groups that may have been rendered advisable by the distribution of the population as revealed by the registration returns will be made at this stage. The returns will be examined at Headquarters, and returned without delay to O.C. Districts, who will pass them back with the necessary corrections and remarks to the Presidents of the Posting Committees. Action of Posting Officers. 8. (a.) The enrolment in the Territorial Force will then be carried out. Forms XV (except the oath) of the Personal Record-books of those posted to the Territorial Force will be completed, the Area Sergeant-majors being authorized to sign for the " Officer carrying out the Posting." The Record-books of each unit will then be passed, with the maps, to the responsible officers as shown in paragraph 4 (6). The Record-books of those posted to the Railway Corps and Post and Telegraph Corps will be retained by the Officer i/c the Area-group. The Record-books of the Senior Cadets will not be completed at this stage, but will be retained by the Area Sergeant-majors concerned. The Personal Record-books of those not passed as physically fit, either permanently or for the current year, will be sent to the registered holders, the Duplicate Record-books being retained by Officer i/c Area-group. (6.) The Posting Officers will then —(1) notify each man of the unit or units for which they are severally responsible as to the company, squadron, &c, to which he is posted, and the name of his company, &c, commander (post-card forms for this purpose are being supplied); (2) furnish each company, &c, commander with a nominal roll of those posted to his company, &c. The Record-books (both personal and duplicate) of such men will be sent with the roll. If possible, a copy of the map showing the boundaries of the unit and of the company, &c, areas should also be sent. The services of Area Sergeant-majors of the group and Sergeant Instructors will be distributed to the best advantage among the Posting Officers. Voluntary clerical assistance from Territorial officers and N.C.O.s should be invited and gratefully accepted.

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Action bt Company, etc., Commanders. 9. Company, &c, commanders will compare the Personal and Duplicate Record-books and see that they are complete. They will retain the books pending the receipt of instructions (which will be issued in due course) as to the issue of arms, accoutrements, and uniform. Company, &c, commanders will be responsible that the oath is administered at the first parade which the soldier attends. They will complete the nominal rolls received from the Posting Officers under 8 (b) (2) by entering the address of every man against his name. Action by Staff Officer for Senior Cadets. 10. As soon as the action required under 8 (a) and (b) is completed in each group, a report to that effect will be sent to District Headquarters. The enrolment of the Senior Cadets will then commence, the services of Area Sergeant-majors being placed at the disposal of the Staff Officer for Senior Cadets for that purpose. The Staff Officer for Senior Cadets will now issue to Area Sergeant-majors his instructions, which he should have prepared while the enrolment in the Territorial Force was proceeding. These instructions will include— (i.) The maps showing the postings to Senior Cadet companies in each area as finally approved : (ii.) The name and address of every Senior Cadet Company Commander in each area : (iii.) Any other necessary instructions. Action by Area Sergeant-majors. 11. On the receipt of these instructions each Area Sergeant-major will take for his own area the steps previously taken in the case of the Territorial Force by the responsible officers under 8 (a) and (b) : i.e., he will — («.) Complete Form 111 of the Personal Record-books (except the oath), sign them, and forward them to the company commander. (6.) Notify each boy, on the post-card form supplied for the purpose, as to the company to which he is posted, and the name of his company commander. . (c.) Furnish each commander with a nominal roll of those posted to his company. Action by Senior Cadet Company' Commanders. 12. Same as action by Territorial Force company, &c, commanders under 9. Special Instructions for Officers Commanding Districts. 13. The General Officer Commanding wishes to particularly impress upon District Commanders the importance of the posting and enrolment, and the necessity of seeing that it is methodically and carefully carried out. District Commanders should visit each area-group headquarters in their district at least once while the posting is in progress, and should use their Staffs for the same purpose. These and previous instructions have been made as comprehensive as it is possible to make them for general application. But the strictly geographical nature of the organization necessitates decentralization, and calls for the exercise of judgment and initiative on the part of all concerned. The posting, enrolment, and equipment of the Forces must, from the present time until they are completed, take precedence over all else. 14. O.C. Districts will notify Headquarters (1) when the action required under 8 is completed in each area-group, and again (2) when the action required under 11 is completed in each area-group. 15. The General Officer Commandins; wishes to express his entire satisfaction with the manner in which the officers of the New Zealand Staff Corps and the warrant and N.C.O.s of the Permanent Staff have carried out their difficult task up to the present time. J. T. Burnett-Stuart, Headquarters, N.Z. Military Forces, Lieut.-Colonel, Imperial General Staff. Wellington, August, 1911.

APPENDIX D. MEMORANDUM ON MUSKETRY TRAINING. (Issued by the Dominion Section or the Imperial General Staff.) The "Memorandum on Training" already issued by the Director of Staff Duties and Military Training lays stress on the fact that all training must be progressive, and that the elementary portion is the bed-rock of efficiency. In musketry this is especially so, and if our recruits are ever to become accurate shots under service conditions it will only be brought about by a progressive course of training, with particular care being paid to the elementary portion—the recruits passing the standard tests in each stage before going on to more advanced instruction. The elementary training of the recruit will be carried out by the permanent instructional staff, but it is expected that company officers and N.C.O.s will be able to assist when necessary. They must, therefore, neglect no opportunity, by attending classes, studying, &c, of acquiring the present simple and satisfactory methods of giving instruction, and remember the following always :—

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The visual angle method —the apparent size of the object, if its size is known. Put out two fatigue-men at 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 yards (the limit of individual fire), so that the recruits may get impressed on them what a man looks like at those ranges. If one man is in khaki and the other in dark clothing, an additional lesson will be learned, as to the effect of clothing, background, light, &o. Also, get the fatigue-men to stand, kneel, and lie down. The lattei position will convince the recruits that 600 yards is the limit of individual fire, because (1) it is the limit of useful individual eyesight; (2) that beyond fire would be controlled by a leader using glasses; and (3) that an expert shot, knowing the range, fired twelve shots at a service target before getting a hit. In elementary training the recruit is warned against any unnecessary movement when in a firing position, as in most cases it will only be by movement on his part that he can be detected. To illustrate, get the fatigue-men to move their limbs about at the different points. The recruits are then taught the influence exercised by ground and features in the landscape on general impressions of distance, and when objects are over- or under-estimated (Paragraph 315, Musketry Regulations, Part I, 1909). Make a man always give his reasons for his estimate — discourage guessing. Let him check his estimate by trying the different methods of judging distance. Paragraph 323 of the Musketry Regulations says : "In every company, in addition to instructional exercises, at least one test in judging distance of four objects will be held for all ranks in every three months, distances from 200 to 800 yards." Paragraph 327 : " Officers, N.C.O.s, and men whose mean error exceeds 20 per cent, and those who have attended less than two tests will be regarded as inefficient." Subheads of a progressive course of judging distance for recruits : — (1.) Show them a short unit of measure, say 100 yards, and then make them pace it. (2.) Study the comparative visibility of the human figure at various ranges up to the limit of useful individual eyesight. The same with different-coloured background. (3.) The same in light and shade, according to the position of the sun. (4.) The influence of open and crowded landscapes, noting objects of known size in the vicinity of the target. (5.) Explain the various methods in judging distance. (6.) Judge short distances first, making each man give a definite reason for his answer. (7.) Judge distance from service positions, decreasing the time-limit. Aimino Instruction. Sequence of instruction as follows : — (1.) Explanation and adjustment of sights. (2.) Explanation of rules for aiming in detail (illustrate with diagrams). (3.) Reasons for taking a full sight. (4.) Reasons for aiming at the bottom, of the target. (5.) The instructor, with sling unloosened, will take an absolutely correct aim from a tripod rest with his eye in the correct position at a point above and in line with the butt, and will explain system of focussing the vision— (a) Look at back sight and see that it is upright; (b) look at fore sight and see it is correctly centred; (<•) direct eye to the mark. Finally cause each man to look along the sights and so get a photograph in his mind of what a correct aim looks like. (6.) Each man to set his sights and aim from a tripod, and to be told common faults when aiming. Adjustment of Sights. The instructor explains the reasons for the sights being placed on the rifle, and then assumes the loading position and shows how they are adjusted, after which men are ordered to set the sights for some particular range, remaining in the loading position until the instructor has verified the adjustment. They should then lower the slide, centre the wind-gauge, and order arms. This practice is continued until the men adjust quickly and accurately. (See tests.) Alloavance foe Wind. Explain the wind-gauge and how,it is adjusted. All recruits should know the wind-tables. To give men practice, place a target in charge of a fatigue-man at a distance where it would be necessary to aim off the mark with a strong wind blowing, then tell men to set their sights and estimate the allowance to be made for the wind then blowing, and aim off; next signal to the fatigue-man, by means of a flag, how much to the right, or left, he is to place the disc, showing the correct allowance to be made. Then check the aims and point out any errors. The difficulty when aiming off is to keep the correct elevation. This can only be done by aiming on the sixo'clock line, so that the mark can be seen over straight edge of cap of the back sight. Aiming Instruction: Second Stage. 1. (a.) Develop rapidity of aim by constant practice with the eye disc. (b.) Explain how to aim at moving and vanishing targets, (c.) Cause men to aim and snap at fatigue-men moving across their front, appearing and disappearing. 2. Train men to aim at features of the ground by posting a few fatigue-men under cover at ranges between 200 and 600 yards. Cause each man, by signal, to expose himself for a few seconds, fire a blank round and disappear again five or six times, when the recruit should (a) locate, first by sound and then by sight, the position of the firer, (b) judge distance and allow for wind; and when fatigue-man has finished firing, set his sights and aim from a tripod rest at the ground supposed to be occupied. When all have aimed, order them to stand clear of the tripods. Fatigueman signalled, to stand up, when instructor should check each man's aim and point out errors.

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The range is taken by mekometer and made known to the men. As men improve, the exposure of fatigue-men should be reduced from 6 to 4 seconds, and the distance gradually increased from 200 to 600 yards. Firing Instbuction. - The instructor, while allowing no slackness in performing the preliminary motions of any firing position, should not unduly labour such details, but rather devote his energies to the essential points of each position. He should train men to assume any firing position quickly and accurately. Such faults as undue constraint, finger or trigger in loading position, lack of grip with either hand, eye near cocking-piece, or contact of face and right hand, should not be overlooked. A brief explanation, accompanied by demonstration with the rifle on the part of the instructor, followed by practice in assuming the position by the men, should be the method employed. During pieliminary exercises no commands are necessary, men are told to carry on the motions independently immediately after explanation by the instructor. Special attention must be directed to the working of the safety catch, to guard against accidents. The Standing Position: Loading. The instructor comes to the correct position and gives reasons for different motions in so doing, the object of turning half right and carrying out the left foot, and explain the following points about the position of the rifle : (a.) Muzzle pointing vp —for safety and convenience in loading and adjusting the sights; butt well forward —to admit of the rifle being brought easily and quickly to the aiming position, (b.) The position of the left hand —for control at the point of balance, (c.) Position of left elbow —for support when loading and adjusting sights. Order further practice in assuming the loading position until the soldier is proficient. During " rest " men should be warned against carrying the right shoulder too much to the rear in assuming the loading position, as it leads to the following faults when aiming : (a) Placing the butt on the biceps instead of in the hollow of the shoulder —results in gun-shyness; (6) the eye is brought too near the cocking-piece, causing a blurred and consequently inaccurate aim; (c) the nose and mouth are brought near to the fingers and thumb of right hand—result, a blow at each round, causing gun-shyness. Watch for any tendency to place the finger on the trigger, a common fault in loading. Illustrate the correct method of loading, pointing out that jambs frequently occur through (a) failing to push the last cartridge out of the charger into the magazine; (b) on finding the bolt does not go home freely, men draw it back for an extra push, thus engaging the bolt-head behind the rim of the next cartridge in the magazine; (c) failing to draw back the bolt to its fullest extent. Increase the men's proficiency in rapid fire by practice in loading and unloading with dummy cartridges, and in manipulation of the bolt, with the butt at the shoulder; constant practice with the eye-disc to develop rapidity of aim; timed snapping practice to acquire quick and smooth, let-off, and by muscle practice. " Rapid fire " does not mean getting off so-many rounds a minute, but rather a man's best rate, consistent with reasonable accuracy. The Aiming Position. It is found that the best results are obtained by dividing the instruction in the aiming position into two stages : — (1.) The instructor will show, after loading, how the rifle is held in the shoulder without lowering the cheek on the butt, at the same time pointing out (a) the correct position of the butt, (b) the position of the left hand and elbow, (c) the position of the right shoulder, (d) the position of the forefinger on the trigger and grip of remaining fingers and thumb of right hand —all as laid down in the Regulations. Cause men to bring rifle to shoulder luithout aiming until above points are mastered. (2.) The instructor will next show the position when aiming, pointing out (a) the position of the aiming-eye—well back from cocking-piece; (6) the position of the head —not inclined sideways; (c) the need for restraining the breathing. The squad should now combine (1) and (2) until proficient. Trigger- pressing. The mode of pressing the trigger makes all the difference between a third-class shot and a marksman. The forefinger is used because it is more readily placed on the trigger; the first joint is used because it is the most sensitive; the.bottom of the trigger gives bigger leverage; a good grip of the small of the butt prevents jerking and pulling. The instructor should demonstrate how the trigger should be squeezed by placing his hand over recruit's. Declaration of point of aim is most important always. Retaining the aim after pressing and constant snapping are the greatest aids to a smooth let-off. Lying Position: Loading. As this position will be mostly used on service, particular care must be taken to see that it is correctly done, pointing out that (a) the firer lies obliquely to line of fire to allow him to get his left elbow under rifle for support when firing; (6) the rifle and left forearm rest on ground for convenience in loading, well forward to allow rifle coming quickly and readily to the shoulder, and without undue movement. Load and unload as for standing. Adjustment of sights is the same as for standing, except that the rifle is drawn back through the left hand, with as little movement of head and body as possible, until the sights can be seen.

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(1.) That the recruits be divided into squads of not more than seven or eight men, opened out in the form of a semicircle round the instructor, their eyes directed to an easy aiming-mark to their front : each man to face same, to assist instructor in correcting inaccurate positions. (2.) The instructor always carries a rifle, with which he illustrates what he wants done, and lays stress on the points to be observed in the position he is illustrating. Tie should stand about five paces to the right front of the squad. (3.) He then tells the squad to " carry on," on which each man practises the movement until told to rest. The instructor in the meantime inspects each man in turn, and does not pass him until he is correct. He can, and must, only watch one man at a time, while the others, instead of standing idle and getting bored, as in the old days, are practising the movement. Faults must not be allowed to pass unchecked, otherwise the recruit will get into bad habits difficult to eradicate. During periods of " rest " the instructor can ask the squad questions bearing on the work in hand. The following progressive course of training for recruits is to be carried out: — (1.) Improvement of eyesight. (2.) Judging distance. (3.) Aiming, allowing for wind, &c. (4.) Trigger-pressing. (5.) Various firing positions. (6.) Grouping and application, with miniature and ball. (7.) Classification practices on range. (8.) Individual field practices and collective field practices. The following instruction can be carried out on a well-equipped miniature-cartridge range :-— (1.) Grouping and application. Snapshooting at moving and vanishing targets. (3.) Practical instruction in the use of the extreme-range sights. (4.) The sighting of rifles for longer distances. (5.) The training of a fire-unit commander in controlling, directing, and obserivng the fire of his men, in distribution of fire, in indicating difficult features of the ground. The training of men in recognizing difficult features, the use of fieldglasses, and in the principles of mutual support —all by means of picture-targets. If a 30-yards range (for service ammunition) is available, men can use their own rifles from the commencement, and so get accustomed to the discharge and the recoil. Visual Training. The soldier's eyesight must be trained to enable him to (a) quickly pick up service targets at close ranges, (&) judge distance, (c) recognize the point of aim in collective fire, (d) quickly align his sights on the mark, (c) to watch for the " strike " of bullets. Teach him his "military vocabulary"—viz., the terms applied to different features of the ground, such as " crest-line," " forward " and " reverse " slopes, &c.; what a battery, &c, looks like in action, so that his powers of description will be improved for reconnaissance, and so that he may quickly recognize a target or aiming-mark in collective fire. With practice, it has been proved that a man's eyesight can be strengthened for military purposes. The description and recognition of difficult objects—such as a fold in the ground, &c.—necessitates the employment of some system, which must be the same throughout the Forces, as fire-unit commanders are often interchanged. The Hythe method is quick and easy to understand. A few prominent landmarks —called " decsription-points " —are impressed on the minds of all so firmly that their attention is at once directed to any of the description-points which may be named. The position of the target with reference to any one of these description-points is described by directing the attention to an imaginary vertical line passing through the target, this line being so-many finger-breadths right or left of the description-point, the fingers to be held vertically and at arm's length; then the position of the target is indicated on the vertical line by means of the figures on the imaginary clock-dial placed on the description-point. If, in the fire-unit commander's opinion, the objective is an exact number of finger-breadths from the description-point, he should order rather less than the actual measurement, thus allowing the men with the largest hands to recognize the point of aim quickly; otherwise, in some cases, the objective may be hidden by the hand. Where a clock-ray leads direct to a palpable target, time is saved by dispensing with finger-breadths, in which case the fire-unit commander's orders would be " Bridge (the description-point) three-o'clock ray —at mounted men —1,500 —rapid fire." On the quick and accurate recognition of targets depends the correct tactical application of collective fire. Judging Distance. " In practice good shooting will depend primarily upon the accurate location of the enemy's position and movements, combined with certainty in judging distance." No matter how good a shot a man may be, unless he can judge distances his skill is wasted —in fact, the better a shot a man is, the less likely is he to do any damage if he fails to judge distance correctly. It is important, then, that no opportunity should be wasted of training in this direction. The Musketry Regulations, Part I, lays down the methods of judging distance, and aids to the same. The best of all is the " unit of measure," of not less than 100 yards. A man may have his own unit of measure —whatever distance he is most familiar with, such as a polo, football, or hockey ground. It is quite a good thing to print on a board, on the parade-ground or near the drill-shed, that " This parade-ground is 100 yards long," or " From here to there is 150 yards," so that the men will get the impression of those distances fixed in their eyes and so use one of them as a unit of measure when judging distance.

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The Aiming Position. The instructor will illustrate how, by bringing the left elbow well forward, the rifle can be readily brought into the shoulder without unnecessary movement. The common fault of the eye being too near cocking-piece can be checked by (a) lying less obliquely, and thereby advance the right shoulder; (b) raising the body by means of the elbows; (c) drawing back the chin; (d) placing the butt closer in the chest and slightly higher than usual. The Kneeling Position. Points to be observed : (a.) That the left knee is in advance of the foot, to enable the firer to get closer to cover; it also facilitates a ready advance. (6.) The left leg, hand, and arm, and the right shoulder, should be in the same vertical plane when firing in the open. Firing from Cover. Isolated cover —lie with legs straight. Continuous cover —lie obliquely. Firing round cover —the rifle to rest against the side of the cover for steadiness and minimum of exposure. Exposure is greater firing over cover, but the results are better. Muscle Exercises. The muscle drills are the correct exercises necessary to harden those muscles used when firing, and so enable the men to stand the strain and fatigue imposed during rapid fire for long periods. The exercises should be practised for a few minutes after each drill. Provided the recruit has reached a satisfactory standard in aiming, and in holding his rifle firmly while pressing the trigger, he may now begin a course of firing. Attention is drawn to section 73, paragraph 351, Musketry Regulations, Part I, 1909, on the " Elementary Training of Trained Soldiers," where it says that " elementary training should be continued throughout the year." Grouping. A test for consistency of aim and trigger-pressing. The grouping practice to be repeated until the standard is reached. Application. When a recruit has shown by the result of his grouping to have acquired sufficient skill in aiming and trigger-pressing, he will be instructed in applying his shots to a definite mark. This form of practice, in which aiming or sighting is altered as may be found necessary, is called " application." (Section 78, paragraph 368, Musketry Regulations, Part I, 1909, and the special instructions for carrying out the practice.) Classification Practices. The above should be fired during a favourable time of the year for individual firing. With the exception of those who are exempted by the Regulations, every man on the strength of his unit will be classified at or before the end of the year. Conduct op Range Practices. Commanding officers will cause such orders to be framed as local conditions necessitate to ensure safety, and will arrange that copies are always available during practice. Officers superintending on the mounds or at the butts must make themselves acquainted with their respective duties, as a precaution against accident. (See Musketry Regulations.) Individual and Collective Field Practices. Simple musketry problems, carried out under as near as possible practical conditions. Accuracy of fire is of first importance in individual fire at close range, and in collective fire it is the foundation of close grouping. Skill is cultivated and developed by range and individual practices. Individual field practice trains the men to fire on their own initiative at service objectives from service positions, to judge distance and allow for the " error of the day," to make the best use of the ground, in observation of fire and in the principles of mutual "support, as the men work in pairs. Collective field practice trains fire-unit commanders in picking up indistinct targets, in controlling, directing, and observing the fire of their men, in mutual support, enfilade, oblique and covering fire, and trains the men in fire discipline. The effect of collective fire depends on (a) close grouping, and on (b) the value of the fire direction, fire control, and fire discipline. Failure or shortcomings in any of these must result in loss of fire effect. Close grouping is brought about by (a) skill with the rifle; (b) firers' knowledge of any sighting errors of their rifles • (c) clear and concise indication of target and aiming-mark by fire-unit commanders; (d) quick recognition of target and aiming-mark by rank and file. If range accommodation is not available, a great number of useful practices can be carried out on a miniature-cartridge range or 30-yards range, except for allowing for the " error of the •day." With landscape targets young soldiers can be taught the following :— (1.) To increase his military vocabulary: (2.) To train his eye to pick up natural features of the ground : (3.) Elementary ground reconnaissance, such as selecting covered lines of advance, ground favourable for observation, good aiming-marks, &c. : (4.) Recognition of difficult targets and aiming-marks : (5.) N.C.O.s in selection of prominent objectives as description-points : (6.) Also in indication of targets for collective fire and in the use of field-glasses

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Fire Direction, or the Duties of a Company or Squadron Leader in a Fire Fight. He— (1.) Decides the formations to be adopted : (2.) Regulates the pace of the advance : (3.) Orders the first opening of fire : (4.) Gives directions as to targets, sighting, &c. : (5.) Attends to reinforcements of the firing-line : (6.) Attends to the ammunition-supply : (7.) Sees to communications with flanks and rear. Fire Control, or the Duties of the Section or Troop Leader. He— (1.) Carries out orders for fire direction : (2.) Indicates targets and aiming-point: (3.) Orders sighting elevation and deflection : (4.) Regulates volume and movement: (5.) Collects ammunition from casualties, and distributes the same in firing-line : (6.) Passes orders and information : (7.) Sees that men make the best use of cover. Fire Discipline. The duty of the soldier is'to carry out all orders of the fire-unit commander, and, in the absence of orders, to adjust his sights, fire his rifle, &c, in accordance with tactical requirements, independently of control. The Care and Cleaning of Arms. " Officers commanding companies are responsible for the condition of the arms on their charge." (Paragraph 84, Musketry Regulations, Part I, 1909.) The very large number of rifie-barrels ruined in the past through neglect points to the fact that commanding officers have not realized their responsibilities in this direction. It is now impressed on them that they are to take more care in the inspection of arms, and see that their officers and N.C.O.s quite understand how to instruct in the cleaning and care of arms. In the actual cleaning, stress must be laid on having the gauze well oiled, that the oil is well rubbed into the flannel, which must be of the regulation size, and that after firing blank extra care must be taken owing to greater accumulation of fouling, as the firing is in most cases more prolonged, and a great interval elapses before the rifle can be thoroughly cleaned. Section 10, Musketry Regulations, Part I, 1909, on " Instructions and Care of Arms and Ammunition," should be read to the men at intervals. Examination of Small Arms. It is necessary for all company officers and N.C.O.s to possess a competent technical knowledge of the inspection, care, and preservation of small arms. (Section 11, Musketry Regulations, Part I, 1909.) • Standard Tests. Certain standards laid down to enable an officer inspecting a unit to get some idea of its efficiency. Before proceeding to the range all recruits must pass the various tests as laid down in Musketry Regulations, Part I, 1909, paragraphs 296 to 300. Firees' Knowledge of the Sighting Errors of their Rifles. . These errors, up to 600 yards, are discovered on the classification range, and, in spite of their increasing in proportion to increase in elevation, only recently a means has been devised by which a man is afforded the opportunity of determining what the error amounts to beyond close range. Usually, in controlled fire, sights are adjusted to the range ordered. But as at longer ranges there is frequently an error of plus or minus 100 yards in the sighting-elevation of the rifle, it may be fairly concluded that, under this system, the fire of a number of rifles would, in many instances, be wasted. If, on the other hand, each man was aware of any error and made the necessary allowance for it, his rifle would normally be included in the effective portion of the cone of fire, and so assist in bringing about close grouping. The following provides the required means, and is generally given the distinctive title of "harmonization" of sights. By a careful compromise between theory and practice it has been determined at what height a bullet — miniature or service — should normally strike above the aminig-mark when it has arrived at a point 25 yards away from the muzzle. This height varies according to the sighting-elevation used, and is technically known as the " ordinate." These vertical heists or " ordinates " for various distances are measured up on a blank target from the point where the aim is taken, and horizontal lines are marked so as to be visible at the firingpoint. Careful aim is then taken with the muzzle exactly 25 yards away from the target. The position of the shot-hole will show whether the sighting of the rifle is normal or the reverse. Two useful ranges at which to find any error are 1,000 and 1,500 yards. Alteration of sights by less than 50 yards should not be allowed. That amount at 1,000 yards gives an approximate vertical

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rise or fall at a target of 2 in., and at 1,500 yards of 3 in. The following is a table which shows the approximate dimensions of the " ordinates " at various ranges, for the "303 in. S.M.L.E. rifle and for the '22 in. S.M.L.E. rifle :— •303 in. S.M.L.E., -22 in. Yards. Mark HI. S.M.L.E. Inches. Inches. 200 ... ... ... .. ... 1-50 (minus) T25 500 ... ... ... ... ... 7-00 4-25 800 ... ... ... ... ... 15-75 11-50 1,000 ... ... ... ... ... 2250 18-00 1,200 ... ... ... ... ... 31-25 26-50 1,500 ... ... :. ... ... 48-00 42-50 1,800 ... ... ... ... ... 68-00 62-00 2,000 ... ... ... ... ... 85-00 78-25 If desired, a convincing demonstration of the necessity for the "harmonizing" of the sighting of rifles can be carried out on the "before" and "after" principle. The result almost invariably obtained is that the " after " group is diminished in a vertical sense by as much as 30 per cent, to 40 per cent. For this purpose it is convenient to paste a well-defined mark on a picture-target or low down on sky-screen for each series. This harmonization is particularly important for firing at landscape-targets, and may sometimes be of use on active service to detect large errors of rifle. (The above-mentioned methods are obviously only suitable for those who have reached a reasonable standard in aiming, trigger-pressing, and control of nerve.)

APPENDIX E. PART I.—INSTRUCTIONS FOR REGISTRATION, MEDICAL EXAMINATION, AND POSTING OF PERSONS LIABLE FOR SERVICE IN THE YEARLY QUOTA OF RECRUITS FOR THE TERRITORIAL FORCE AND SENIOR CADETS. Posting foe Year 1912. Stage A, March, 1912. A notice will be gazetted during March in terms of General Regulations "re posting," paiagraph 170, also calling on— (a.) All persons who will attain the ages of fourteen to twenty-two years on or before 31st May next who have not already registered to do so. This does not mean that anybody who was over the age of twenty-one last year, when the scheme was put into operation, is affected; the age of twenty-two only refers to those persons who neglected to register last year. A supply of this notice will be sent to each Group Officer in New Zealand in poster form to be displayed on public buildings and conspicuous places. (b.) All boys attending any primary school who will attain or have attained fourteen years of age on the 31st May, 1912, or if they remain at such primary school beyond the age of fourteen on 31st May of the year in which they will have or have left such primary school. Registration of boys attending primary schools may be made by school authorities on behalf of the boys. (c.) All male persons who have not attained twenty-two years of age temporarily absent from the Dominion, not previously registered, must do so within two months of their return. (d.) All male immigrants who are between the ages of fourteen and twenty-two must register within six months after arriving in the Dominion. (c.) All male persons who, owing to change of residence, have ceased to reside in an exempted area must register within thirty days of such change of residence to an area not so exempted. If registration has already been made, the person must produce his Record-book to the nearest Area Office. (/.) Registration forms may be obtained at any military office, police-station, or postoffice, or at schools throughout the Dominion. Such forms must be correctly filled in and posted or handed to the nearest Military Area Office not later than the 31st May, 1912. Requisition should be made at an early date for supply of registration forms required in each Area to supplement the stock on hand if necessary.

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Stage B, April to May, 1912. Registration of those liable for last year who have not yet registered will continue. Efforts to be made in all Areas to locate and register those who may not yet have registered. Preliminary arrangements to be made in each district for transfer or posting from the Senior Cadets to Territorial Force of all those youths who have attained or will attain the age of eighteen on or before the 31st May, 1912, also to register and post any who may have escaped last year's registration as per notice quoted in Stage A. O.C. districts will, through their Group and Medical Officers, also arrange convenient times and places for medical examination of Territorial Force and Senior Cadet quotas at drill centres throughout their district. The experience gained last year should minimize any complaints as to recruits having to travel too far or be kept away from their homes overnight when being examined. Registration of youths who reach the age of fourteen during May will take place as follows :— (a.) Through the school. (6.) If left primary school, usual registration form is to be procured by the youth from the nearest military office, post, or police office, to be filled in and signed and handed or posted to the nearest Military Area Officer to his place of residence. Stage G, June, 1912. Medical examination and posting to units of the Territorial Force (see General Regulations, paragraphs 167, 168, 169, 170, &c.) of all youths who have attained their eighteenth birthday on or before the 31st of May, 1912, as required in Stage B to be carried out. As far as possible recruits should be posted to the branch of the service and the drill centre they desire to be trained in. Tradesmen and artificers such as mechanics, shoeing-smiths, blacksmiths, wheelwrights, bakers, butchers, shoemakers, &c, should be posted to ensure a proportion being trained in units requiring tradesmen, artificers, and mechanics. Care should be taken as far as possible not to post to the same unit more persons out of the same business concern than the employer can spare at the one time. Senior Cadets to be posted to convenient companies same as for last year. Those who may object to be medically examined should at this stage be posted without examination and dealt with as in last year's postings. All exemptions and temporary exemptions on medical grounds to be granted and issued. All transfers and discharges from the Territorial Force of those qualified under regulations should be made during June each year. The balance of the 1912 quota not required for the Territorial Force tc be posted to existing Rifle Clubs. This will not be retrospective and will only apply to those liable for service in the Territorial Force on the Ist June, 1912, or the nucleus of clubs formed under conditions hereafter prescribed. In cases of objection to take the oath an affirmation may be accepted. Should a person state his willingness to attend drills and exercises, he is to be permitted to do so, even if at the time he has not taken the oath. The medical standard below stated will be taken as a guide for posting to the Territorial Force for 1912. Medical standard for Senior Cadets will be same as for last year. 1. Medical examination of cadets. The standard is to be the same as that laid down in 1911, only the absolutely medically unfit are to be rejected. 2. In the medical examination of recruits (i.e., those eighteen years and over), examiners will bear in mind that recruits are in three categories:— (a.) Those absolutely unfit. (b.) Those sound and fit for service in the Territorials. (c.) Those fit to serve in a Rifle Club. 3. Causes for total rejection of recruits will be —Any acute or chronic disease pointing to an impaired constitution, bad spinal curvature or other bad bone deformities, loss of limbs, hernia, bad eyesight, loss of one eye. All such recruits will be entered as totally unfit. 4. For actual service in the Territorials, the recruit must be in good mental and bodily health, and.free from any physical defect likely to interfere with the efficient performance of military duty. The attention of the medical examiner will be directed to the following points : that correlation of age, height, weight, and chest-girth is not less than that which is given in the following table. Abnormally built men should not be posted to the Territorial Force. Measurement of height and chest-girth to be as follows : The recruit will be placed against the standard with his feet together, the weight thrown on the heels. He will stand without rigidity, the heels calves, buttocks, and shoulders touching the standard. The chin will be depressed to bring the vertex of the head level under the horizontal bar, and the height will be noted in parts of an inch to eighths. Measurement of Chest. —The recruit to stand erect, feet together, arms raised over the head. The tape to be carefully adjusted round the chest, the posterior upper edge touching the inferior angles of the shoulder-blades, and its anterior lower edge the upper part of the nipples. The arms will then be lowered to hang loosely by the side, care being taken that the shoulders are not thrown upwards and backwards to displace the tape. The recruit will then be directed to take a deep inspiration several times, and the maximum expansion of the chest carefully noted.

Table of Height, Weight, and Girth Measurement.

Age Last Birthday. Height without Shoes. Minimum Weight without Clothes. Girth fully expanded. RHnge of Expansion. 18 ! in. in. 62 and under 65 65 „ 68 68 „ 72 72 and upwards lb. lb. Ill to 117 117 „ 124 124 „ 136 136 in. 34J 35 35J 36 in. 2 2 2 2.,

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5. The following will be causes of rejection of recruits for service in the Territorials:— (a.) Failure to reach the standard measurements laid down, with this proviso: that examiners are not to reject recruits if they are pursuaded the recruit will speedily (.'. reach the standard. (&.) Squint: any morbid condition of the eyes, or of the, lids of either eye, liable to the risk of aggravation or recurrence. A greater error of refraction in the case of myopia I than 2-5 D. (c.) Any correction needed foi astigmatism exceeding 2-5 D. (d.) Deafness. (c.) Bad teeth (the examiner must satisfy himself that the recruit has sufficiently available efficient teeth). Loss of no special number is given as a bar, but the teeth must be numerous enough to be serviceable. (/.) A deformed chest. (g.) Severe degree of varicocele or varicose veins. (k.) Spinal curvature, except in the slight degree. (i.) Malformed and undeveloped limbs, fixed joints, and other abnormalities. 6. Eecruits not signed up as totally unfit, or not taken for service in the Territorials, to be drafted into Rifle Clubs. 7. Judging by the results of the medical examination of last yeai, it is expected that about 5 per cent, will be found totally unfit, about 60 per cent, will be posted to the Territorial Force, and about 35 per cent, to the Rifle Clubs. Stage D, July, 1912. The posting and medical examinations being completed, units of the Territorial Force and Senior Cadets will prepare and forward the necessary requisitions foi arms, uniform, and equipment. Note. —A repemsal and study of all memoranda and instructions issued duiing 1911 re registration, posting, and medical examination are recommended. The introduction of a discharge certificate for Junior Cadets on leaving school, a copy of which is to be sent to nearest Area Office, should lessen the difficulties of registration into the Senior Cadets.

PART lI.—INSTRUCTIONS FOR RIFLE CLUBS, THE FORMATION OF FUTURE RIFLE CLUBS, THE POSTING OF RECRUITS TO SAME, AND THEIR MANAGEMENT. 1. Part lof this memorandum, on the posting of 1912 quota to the Territorials, shows that about 35 per cent, of the young men liable will be available for drafting into Rifle Clubs, to undergo a certain amount of training and musketry under the universal-training scheme now in operation. The making use of Rifle Clubs for this purpose is to avoid a multiplication of divisions of the Force and to place the Defence Forces of New Zealand in two categories in their relation to training and the defence of the Dominion. (a.) Ist Line. —The Territorial Force and the Territorial Reserve. (6.) 2nd Line.—The Rifle Clubs, and the training sections affiliated to Rifle Clubs. It must be kept in mind that very shortly all young men posted to form Rifle Clubs will have undergone drill and training between the ages of fourteen to eighteen in the Senior Cadets. The drill in Rifle Clubs will thus be of a refresher character only, the end in view being that all will be drilled and practised in musketry to a state of individual efficiency to be drafted into the active ranks of the Force to fill vacancies or augment same should the necessity arise. Rifle Clubs will be given a place and function in the defence schemes, and their movement in time of necessity provided for in the mobilization instruction of the Dominion. 2. Clubs already existing will continue, and be governed by the rules and regulations already in existence. Additional members will be posted to clubs during June of each year to bring them up to strength. These annual drafts might be designated " junior members," and the G.O.C. confidently expects that the Senior {i.e., old members) of these clubs will assist the Junior members in every way. Where no clubs exist, men available will be posted, given a Rifle Club designation, and exercised and administered on same lines as nresent established clubs. 3. The strength of a Rifle Club will vary according to population and situation. As far as possible the strength of an infantry company (100, officials not included) will be taken as a guide. Sections of 25 may be formed in different parts of the Area, the general organization being similar to that of the Senior Cadets. 4. The officials of a club will be (a) a President; (b) each section of a club may have a VicePresident equivalent to a Section Commander in a company. These officials to be recommended by the military officer in charge of Group. In existing Rifle Clubs the names or changes in Presidents to be notified to the Group Officer by the Rifle Club. Officers on the Reserve of the Territorial Force to be encouraged to become Presidents and Vice-Presidents of these clubs. The duties of a President in charge of a club will be similar to those of an officer of a military company. These Presidents will deal directly on all matters with the Group Officer of the Area to which they belong. 5. Should an O.C. District consider it advisable, he may appoint an officer or officers of the Territorial Reserve or Unattached List in each Area, to assist the Group Commander with the Rifle Clubs under his charge. These officers, however, will have nothing to do with the interior economy of any club, and will receive no pay or allowances.

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6. The number of Rifle Clubs in an Area will be in relation to the personnel available, as in the case of Senior Cadets. There may be four, six, or eight in an Area. There are four Areas in a Group in the North Island, and three Areas in a Group in the South Island. Bach military district is subdividedinto four Groups. Thus if four Rifle Clubs are at strength in each Area, the position will be— 56 Areas 4 Rifle Clubs 224 Rifle Clubs of 100 membership each, will be 22,400 men. The increase to this number will, however, be gradual (see paragraph 8). 7. Rifle Clubs may accept as voluntary members suitable persons up to fifty-five years of age, as provided for in General Regulations. These may be known as senior members. The junior members posted to clubs will not have a vote in the disposal of funds, subscriptions, &0., provided by senior members. Should a junior member subscribe to the rules re private subscriptions, he will be eligible to all privileges as to club-fund distribution accorded to a senior member. Existing clubs will thus be composed— (a.) Of present members and persons who voluntarily join and contribute to club. These might well be known as senior members. (6.) Members liable to universal training drafted or posted to the club by the Group Officer. 8. The drafting of young men to Rifle Clubs will be carried out by the officers in each Area during June, concurrent with the postings to the Senior Cadets and Territorials. It is advisable to, as far as possible, post equal numbers of Wednesday afternoon and Saturday afternoon holiday men to each club; it will lessen the demand on range, and afford double opportunities for practice. Only those young men who by the 31st May next have reached the age of eighteen and are not required for the Territorial Force will be posted to the Rifle Clubs this and each succeeding year. The system is to be in no way retrospective. Existing Rifle Clubs will note that this will not overcrowd them at once, but each year steadily increase their number until a maximum is reached. 9. All persons posted to a Rifle Club will require to attend a minimum of eighteen afternoon or evening drills at convenient drill centres, and fire a prescribed course of musketry entailing at least 3ix attendances on the rifle range. The drill centres will, as far as possible, be arranged as for the Territorials and Senior Cadets— i.e., entailing not more than one hour's walk or one hour's, ride from the men's homes. 10. All members, irrespective of age, must fire the annual course laid down from year to year so long as they remain in the club. Members over or on reaching the age at which liability to military training ceases will be exempted from attendance at drills. 11. Should by any unforeseen circumstance the strength of a Territorial unit in the Area fall below its authorized numbers, or should it be required to increase the strength, transfer of suitable members from the nearest Rifle Club will be made. (This does not apply to men over the age of liability.) 12. A maintenance grant of, say, 2s. 6d. per member will be paid to each Rifle Club to cover incidental expenses; no other money grants will be given. It is proposed to enlist the assistance of the various public bodies —somewhat on the lines of the County Associations in the Home-country —to foster, aid, and help in the administration and equipment of the Rifle Clubs and Senior Cadets. Municipal law already provides authority for certain local bodies to- contribute to or provide rifle ranges. Thus, with the formation of Committees throughout the Area, the public will be given opportunity to assist and increase the efficiency of this poition of their Defence Force. A certain number of rifles will be placed at the disposal of each club for use by all members when carrying on the prescribed musketry course. As the supply of rifles increases by importation more rifles will be issued, so that in time there may be rifles for all; in any case, the number will be increased each year. Members who desire to purchase rifles at cost price may do so as they become available. Members may have rifles rebarrelled at cost price, provided the Armourer reports that the barrel is sufficiently worn out. Ammunition will be issued free and at reduced rates in such quantities as may be from time to time authorized. Present ranges will be continued and be available for general use. The position of each range as to title, repair, and maintenance will be inquired into with a view to its maintenance and completion by the Defence Department and the public. It will readily be seen that this will take some time. The difficulty can be overcome by close co-operation of the clubs, Area officials, and Public Committees proposed to be set up. 13. Persons posted to the Rifle Clubs will be supplied with a record-book, which will be written up as equivalent to training quoted in Defence Act, Part VI, section 44. On being posted to or on voluntarily joining a Rifle Club, each man will take the oath of allegiance, or make an equivalent affirmation as provided for in Promissory Oaths, Consolidated Statutes, r l9OB, and shall come under the same regulations as to discipline, awards, punishments, &c, as the members of the Territorial Force. 14. Railway warrants will be available for proceeding to drills and annual musketry- practices required under paragraph 9. Railway warrants will also be available for members attending authorized shooting meetings organized or approved by the Defence authorities. See General Order No. 197, 1911—viz,, the Dominion Rifle Association (Trentham), open to all in the Defence Forces from any

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part of New Zealand. District and Group Associations authorized and controlled as per Gdeis) Order No. 197, 1911, but only to members of the Defence Forces resident in tie leuikiiel Aua'.v I'd) the District of Group Association stands for. For instance, say, Oiago District isscciftitn it <i !j open for rail-pass purposes to men of the Otago District. A Group As&ccislkn will ciljj lej (j<n for rail-pass purposes to men in the Group. , i If any member of the .Defence Forces wishes to compete in any meeting above will not be debarred from so doing, but will require to find his own railway travelling. In like manner, should it be desired by units of the Force, including Rifle Clubs, matches making their own conditions as to distances, class of targets, &c, they may do so, but must find their own railway travelling. On application to local railway authorities they can obtain the privilege of single fare return, as is accorded to the various sports bodies and societies when travelling in teams. y^, 15. It should be clearly understood that the Rifle Clubs are being made the medium for training the young men for whom places cannot be found in the Territorial Force. The will not be expected to train these young men so posted—the Area Officers will superintend this training. " , g^ The G.0.C., however, confidently expects that the senior members of the Clubs will assist the young men to become expert shots, and to instil into them the same patriotic feeling and enthusiasm which pervades the Rifle Clubs now in existence. A. W. Robin, Colonel, 19th March, 1912. Adjutant-General.

APPENDIX F. REPORT ON THE MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF RECRUITS AND CADETS HELD IN 1911. Headquarters, New Zealand Military Forces, "Wellington, 19th April, 1912. During the year 1911 25,085 Territorial recruits were medically examined. Of these, 657 were classified as unfit to serve during the current year, and 1,350 were rejected as medically unfit for service. Of Cadets, 26,782 were examined, 366 were classified as unfit for one year, and 889 rejected as medically unfit. Therefore 2J per cent, of Territorial recruits and per cent, of Cadets were medically unfit for one year, and about 6 per cent, of recruits and 3 per cent, of Cadets were rejected as permanently unfit. The 1,350 unfit recruits were rejected for the following causes :— Per Cent. Per Thousand. Physically disabled .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 13-50 Diseases of lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 8 = 4-32 heart .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 8-64 kidneys .. .. .. .. .. .. If = 0-80 „ nervous system .. .. .. .. .. 7 = 3-78 „ digestive system .. .. .. .. 4f = 2-40 ears .. .. .. .. .. 2 1-08 eyes .. .. .. .. .. 7 3-78 Defective vision .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 = 8-10 Deafness .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1-62 Mentally deficient .. .. .. .. .. If = 0-80 Varicose veins .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 = 3-78 Very bad teeth and gums (pyorrhea) .. .. .. .. 1\ = 1-31 ■ Of the Cadets, the following were the causes of total and partial rejection : — Total Rejection. Per Cent. Per Thousand. Physically disabled .. .. .. .. .. .. 22| = 7-48 Diseases of lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 = 2-32 „ heart .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 8-85 „ kidneys .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 „ nervous system .. .. .. .. .. 7£ = 2-48 ~ digestive system .. .. .. .. 3 = 1-00 ears .. .. .. .. .. 4 1-33 eyes .. .. .. .. .. 1\ = 2-48 Defective vision .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 = 3-30 Deafness .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4£ = 1-48 Mentally deficient .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 = 2-00 Undersized .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 = 0-66 Anaemia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 Varicose veins .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 = 0-33

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Partial Rejection. Per Cent. Per Thousand. Physically disabled .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 J = 3-07. Diseases of lungs .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 = 2-73 heart .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 2-21 kidneys .. .. .. .. .. ' 3 0-39 „ nervous system .. .. .. .. 8| = 1-10 ~ digestive system .. .. .. .. .. 2| = 0-32 skin .. .. .. .. .. .. 2| = 0-32 „ ears .. .. .. .. .. 3J = 0-52 „ eyes .. .. .. .. .. .. 6| = 0-85 Defective vision .. .. .. .. .. 2J = 0-32 Deafness .. .. .. .. .. .. l| = 0-20 Mentally deficient .. .. .. ... . . .. 0 Undersized .. .. .. . . . 8 1-04 Anaemia .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 0-26 The above tables, especially those for Cadets, will be very valuable in future years for purposes of comparison. The examination, as a whole, was almost in its entirety conducted by officers of the New Zealand Medical Corps, thus ensuring uniformity of records and a great reduction in expenditure. For an initiatory effort the examination proyed most satisfactory. Each Principal Medical Officer had sole charge of the examination in his particular district. Various subcentres were formed and placed in charge of a Medical Officer, who was responsible for all the examinations in that subcentre. By this means Cadets and recruits were put to very little inconvenience, as places for examination were so widely distributed that in no case had any one very far to go. In some few cases, owing to a misunderstanding, some recruits travelled a considerable distance, but on the whole the general plan of the examination worked well. Owing to reports in the Press about the great prevalence of scoliosis amongst the youths in the Dominion, instructions were issued that special attention was to be directed to that particular condition. Very little true scoliosis was proved to exist; it certainly did not amount to more than 2 - 5 per thousand of those examined. True, there were many slight cases of deviation from the normal that in a system of very rigid exclusion might be considered scoliosis, but it was felt by all the Medical Officers that these deviations were so slight that they in no way affected the health, constitution, or fitness of the individual, and that they were really not true scoliosis. Taken altogether, the examination showed that the standard of fitness in the Dominion was a high one; it would have been very much higher had there not been such a widespread neglect of the ordinary hygiene of the mouth. The percentage of bad teeth and unclean mouths was a very large one. Of the ultimate rejection of the recruits, quite one-half were rejected because their teeth were in such a bad state, thus causing impairment of the constitution. One point is worthy of note. Taking the state of fitness as a whole, the youths in the country showed up rather better than those in the towns. But as regards teeth the reverse was the case, the teeth of the youths in the town being certainly better than those in the country. On the " Amokura " every boy had a clean, well-cared-for mouth, with the result that the teeth of the " Amokura " boys were in excellent condition. This is worthy of mention, because it shows that if the teeth are properly cared for the enormous waste and loss of teeth ceases, proving that it is want of care, and that only, that causes the enormous percentage of bad teeth. Rejections in the British Army for loss or decay of teeth equal 55 per thousand; here they total 120 per thousand. James R. Pukdt, Colonel, Director of Medical Services.

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