CROWN LANDS DEPARTMENT (REPORT UPON THE, FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1882.)

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1882 Session I, C-01

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1882. NEW ZEALAND.

CROWN LANDS DEPARTMENT (REPORT UPON THE, FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1882.)

Presented to both Souses of the General Assembly by Command of Sis Excellency.

The Secbetaey for Ceown Lands to the Hon. the Minister of Lands. Sic, — General Crown Lands Office, Wellington, Ist July, 1882. I have the honor to forward the report of the Crown Lands Department for the twelve months ended 31st March, 1882, together with the areas of lands disposed of arranged in tables, for the eleven land districts, in the same manner as in former annual reports. I have, &c, James McKeeeow, The Hon. "William Holleston, Minister of Lands. Secretary for Crown Lands. EEPOET. In presenting the Crown Lands Report for the twelve months ended 31st March, 1882, it is satisfactory to observe that the total revenue arising from the various sources of land sales for cash and deferred payments, and especially from pastoral rents, is very considerably greater than for the previous twelve months. The area alienated for cash and disposed of on settlement conditions aggregates 314,958 acres. Considerable as this area is in itself, it is not 1 per cent, on the 33,000,000 acres of Crown lands; or, after deducting 9,000,000 acres of mountain tops, lakes, and barren country, 13 per cent, on 24,000,000 acres of available country. Again, one-half of this is held on pastoral lease ; and from its auriferous nature, price, temporary reservation, or other circumstances, it also has been out of the category of lands open for selection during the twelve months under review. Selectors have therefore been restricted to a nominal 12,0110,000 acres; but as this area is either under forest or difficult of access, it practically comes to this, that the area of land which the department can prepare by survey and render accessible by formation of road-lines is the measure of what the public has to choose from. Accepting this view, it is pleasant to note for the future that, consequent on the large areas recently withheld from the leases of the Otago runs and presently under survey, also extensive blocks of excellent bush lands in the North Island now being opened out by road works and survey, there will be more land available for settlement during the current twelve months than there has been for any similar period for many years. There are eager inquiries as to when the various lands will be open for application or sale, and there is evidently a strong desire on the part of many persons to obtain land. It will be more interesting to treat of the subjects of this report under the several headings than in a discursive manner; but before doing so, the following general summary of the statistical information in the tables of the appendix will give, in a short compass, the transactions for the year:— Land sold on immediate payments — A. it. p. Purchasers. Scrip. ' Cash Received. Town lands ... 303 1 3 sold to 704) £■$.&-. £ s. d. Suburban... ... 1,482 311 „ 271 [ 2,840 1 8 284,199 17 9 Eural ... ... 195,390 020 „ 1,257) Land sold on deferred payments— A. E. p. Purchasers. Agricultural ... ... 74,335 322 sold to 497"| Pastoral ... ... ... 24,624 020 „ 9 | Tillage settlement ... ... 1,189 119 „ 198 J- 55,427 18 11 Deposits on the above, and instalments from selections current from | former years ... ... ... ... ... J Agricultural leases on gold fields— 4,603 acres and 25 perches, leased to 41 selectors. Eents from these) 7^99 14 5 and from selections current from former years ... ... j '° Homestead — 8,525 acres, selected by 55 persons ... ... ... Nil. Pastoral rents — From 12,028,966 acres, held in 1,020 leases ... ... ... 182,880 3 4 Miscellaneous — Coal and mineral leases, royalties, timber licenses, &c. ... ... 5,500 0 0 £535,607 U 5 I—C. 1.

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Land Sold.

The areas of rural, suburban, and town lands gold during the twelve months ended the 31sfc March, ISB2, are, as nearly as may be, the same as in the previous year ; but the casli proceeds are fully £8,000 more, due mainly to a less exercise of scrip last year. The average price of rural land sold in the Auckland Land District was 10s. 2d. per acre ; that, and the Nelson rural lands at 10s. Bd., are much, the'lowest prices per acre for the year in the colony. The sales in the "West Coast Land District, North Island, at £2 Gs. 3d. per acre, is the highest average, although that falls far short of £5 10s., the average for the same district in the previous year. The explanation of the difference is that the higher price represents what was paid for the open land in the Waimate Plains, together with a comparatively small area of bush land ; while the lower price is almost entirely representative of bush land lying behind the Continuous Native Reserve. In Wellington, Canterbury, Otago, and Southland Land Districts the average prices realized per acre were respectively £1 os. Bd., £2, £1 6s. 3d., and £1 3s. Id. .There still remain large areas in most of the eleven land districts of the colony that will, as they become more accessible, be rendered saleable at the prices presently fixed by law. But, on the other hand, there are considerable areas which, inherently, are not worth the statutory price, and consequently are not saleable. For instance, in the Hawke's Bay Land District, where the price of Crown lands is 20s. per acre, there are lands which have been surveyed for years, and also rendered accessible by roads, that are lying in their original state of wilderness without an occupant. It simply will not pay to give 20s. per acre for fern-hill land, and then set to fencing and grassing it to keep sheep; and the country referred to is too steep and rugged for cultivation. Even on the pastoral deferred-payment system, with payments spread over fifteen years, it has been found that land of this nature will not sell at an upset price of 20s. per acre. It would be in the true interests of settlement to lower the price, so that settlers might be induced to take the land up, and render it productive by grassing and stocking it. Another disability with regard to some blocks of land in Hawke's Bay is, that while they will not sell at 20s. per acre, neither can the department offer them on pastoral license, for the law is that they must remain open for application at 20s. per acre, and that runs counter to requiring to give a year's notice before taking land from a pastoral license for sale. These states of deadlock can only be remedied by the Legislature. • During the year there have been several sales and leases of endowment lands ; and although such lands do not technically come under the designation of Crown lands, yet, as they may from a settlement point of view be deemed public lands, and the department has had more or less to do with their survey and disposal, the dealings with them may be enumerated here, so far as known: — 1. Part of the Wanganui Harbour Board's endowment was offered for sale, when 384 acres 1 rood 13 perches sold for cash, realizing £492 18s. ; on deferred payments, 1,789 acres 2 roods 17 perches was sold for £2,832 17s. 6d., of which sum the deposit instalment has been paid, amounting to £141 13s. Id. This land was sold subject in all respects to the provisions of " The Land Act, 1877," the same as though it had been Crown lands. 2. The Dunedin High School Trustees offered 10,000 acres of the Wyndham endowment for sale by public auction on the 21st January last, the land having been previously surveyed into town, suburban, and rural sections. The upset price per acre of town lands was £12, of suburban £3, and of rural land from £1 to £3. Through the courtesy of the Secretary to the Board of Trustees the result of the sale can be reported as a total of 5,671 acres disposed of for the sum of £17,632 4s. 9d. The sale was either for cash, or on deferred payments, bearing interest at 6 per cent, at the option of the purchaser ; but there were no settlement conditions. 3. The Southland High School Trustees on the 25th February last offered by public auction, through their agent, eight town sections in Gore, and five sections of rural land in the Wairio and "Wairaki Districts. Two quarter-acre sections were sold at £35 and £31 each ; and Section 21, in the "Wairio District (500 acres of rural land), for £1,770 2s. Bd., with the option of paying in cash, or of spreading the payments over a period of three years, bearing interest at 6 per cent. ; also Section 41, in the same district (1,000 acres), for £1,000, on deferred payments, extending over ten years ■without interest. There were no settlement conditions in either case. 4. The Taranaki High School Trustees leased for a term of twenty-one years the 500 acres set apart in the Waimate Plains as an endowment for that institution, as follows :— Acres. Kent. Section 21, Block 111., Waimate Survey District ~, 150 7 ± r>ir- r>^r n nn J m [at 6/6=£65 0 0 „ 63, „ „ „ ... 50 j ' „ 22, „ „ „ ... 100 at 9/6= 47 10 0 „ 23, „ „ „ ... 100 at 13/ = 65 0 0 „ 24, „ „ „ ... 100 at 13/6= 67 10 0 500 £245 0 0 5. Rotorua. —ln pursuance of "The Thermal-Springs Districts Act, 1881," the Commissioner of Crown Lands, Auckland, offered for lease by public auction, at his office, on the 7th March last, the leases for ninety-nine years of town, suburban, and rural lands, as under:—

No. of Sections Offered. Area. Upset Bent per Annum. No. of Sections Sold. Area. Price Kealized. Cown Suburban Rural 220 30 22 A. H. P. 58 3 0 266 0 23 905 3 6 £ s. d. 1,341 10 0 143 0 0 126 19 0 211 28 22 | A. B. P. 56 0 0 240 0 0 905 3 6 £ S. 1,924 10 347 0 398 0 d. 0 0 0

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6. The dealings for the year with primary and secondary education reserves by nine Boards of School Commissioners are reported in the appendix of the Education Report recently issued. (E -1, 1882, pages 94 to 105.) 7. There are about 50,000 acres of rural lands held as endowments by fifty-three Municipalities, and a much larger area of University and other endowments, the dealings with which are under the direction of the several bodies interested, and are only known locally. EESEEVEa, 1. Nineteen endowment education reserves in the North Island, of an aggregate area of 2,382 acres 2 roods 31 perches, were gazetted during the twelve months ended 31st March, 1882, in terms of sections 19 and 20, " The Education Eeserves Act, 1877." 2. Forest reserves, comprising a total area up to date of 581,840 acres, have been reserved under section 144 of " The Land Act, 1877." These reservations take m the bush on the high lands around the sources of streams, and have been made mainly with the object of conserving the springs and maintaining their natural flow. 3. Under this heading may also be enumerated 210,502 acres of Crown lands, valued at £96,570, and withheld from sale, with the object of being given as a bonus to the promoters of the WellingtonManawatu Eailway, in terms of Part V. of "The Railways Construction and Land Act, 1881." 4. Fifty-five reserves for school sites, recreatioa-grounds, quarries, and the various other purposes enumerated in section 144 of " The Land Act, 1877," were gazetted during the year, absorbing 4,085 acres of Crown lands. Settlement Conditions. Under this designation are comprehended the agricultural and pastoral, deferred-payment, village > homestead, and agricultural-lease systems; in all of which —with the exception of leases in the Nelson Land District under section 8, Appendix E., " The Land Act, 1877 " —'the principle is, that the selector comes under the obligation of fulfilling certain conditions of improvement or residence on the land before he is entitled to receive the Crown grant. The administration of these systems is necessarily very costly, but, apart from that, they have been been very successful wherever applied in their two main objects, of preventing the acquisition of extensive estates from the Crown lands, and of placing a much larger number of persons on the land directly interested in its improvement. The results have been mutually beneficial to the State and the individuals more immediately concerned; for all over the colony there are districts reclaimed from nature and rendered productive by the persevering, self-denying efforts called forth by the encouragement held out by these systems. In this way many families have attained to comfort and independence who most likely, indeed for certain, would never have done so had they, at the outset, been compelled to sink their capital and credit in the immediate purchase of the land. In illustration oE these remarks, the first block opened in the Middle Island on the deferred-payment system may be cited. In February, 1873, a block of 5,000 acres at Toitois, Mataura, was proclaimed open for application on deferred payments. The land naturally is good, strong soil, ridgy, and was originally covered with a rank growth of fern, flax, and tutu. It is the most southerly settlement in the Middle Island, and has an open exposure to the south-westers from Foveaux Straits. At first the block was a long way from other settlements, and in a measure isolated. Notwithstanding these and other drawbacks, section after section was gradually taken up and occupied, until the face of the country has become entirely changed. In the homesteads, live fences, cultivated fields, and grass paddocks which now characterize the scene, there is the unmistakeable record of a prosperous, substantial community. During the year 800 selectors have taken up 113,278 acres, and since the inauguration of the deferred-payment, homestead, and agricultural-lease systems, 9,678 selectors have applied for 999,516 acres, of which 113,777 acres have been forfeited for breach of conditions, which, being interpreted, means for the greater part —voluntarily given up, the selector having changed his mind and never entered upon the land at all. There remains therefore 885,739 acres taken up, of which 320,791 acres have been made freehold, leaving on the 3Lst March last an area of 564,948 acres in the transition state from Crown lands to freehold. Of this area the instalments on 80,393 acres, or about oneseventh of the whole, were in arrear on 31st March last, a sum of £17,878 due by GO3 selectors, or an average of £29 13s. each, or 4s. sd. an acre. The sum in arrear should have been paid on the Ist January last, and failing that, a strict administration of the law would have declared forfeiture of the lands held by the defaulters. But the Land Boards have assumed a considerable discretion in dealing with defaulters by allowing periods of grace. There is, however, great difficulty in keeping this concession within manageable bounds; for there is not wanting evidence of the wish of some defaulters, if not to repudiate, at all events to be excused from making full payment of their part of an engagement entered into voluntarily with the public. This is a difficult subject to deal with, for while the department would avoid the harshness of evicting a struggling man from his home, there is the fact patent to all that, unless engagements entered into by the selectors are honorably fulfilled, the system of selling Crown lands on deferred payments must break down; for if the principle be once admitted that, whenever a selector may find himself in difficulties, he is still to retain the land and get an acquittance of arrears, all those who have hitherto paid in full may well ask a rebate. In 18S0 the case of 200 defaulters came before a Select Committee of the House of Representatives, and was disposed of in the manner described in last year's report (sec C.-5, page 3, year 1881). The plan then devised met the circumstances or the case very well, but it would not be wise to adopt that as a precedent, and go on repeating the same expedient, for it is directly opposed to the aim and spirit of the deferred-payment system that facilities or any inducement whatever should be given the selector to complete his payments other than by instalments spread over ten years. In that time he and his family will have taken good root in the soil, and become what the system intended they should be —permanent settlers. No countenance ought to be given to any proposal running counter to that.

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or implying the Banding over of the selectors to the money-lenders. Bather than that, it will be very much better for the selector who finds that his resources cannot maintain the double operation of settling down on land and paying for the freehold at the same time in annual 10-per-cent. instalments, that the Government should come to the rescue by giving him the option of a perpetual lease, the rent of which would be redeterinined at recurring periods, the first rent to be a certain percentage on the price per acre originally offered by him. In this way substantial relief would be afforded the struggling selectors, who would still retain the land as much for all time as though they held on freehold. Ceoww Lands held on Pastokal Lease oe License. A reference to Table No. 6 will show that from 1,020 runs, comprising an area of 12,028,966 acres, a rent of £182,880 3s. 4d. was received for the twelve months ended the 31st March last. This sum is one-half greater than ever was received in any one year before from the same source. The increase is due entirely to the reletting of 173 runs in Otago, covering an area of 2,195,197 acres, realizing an annual rent of £68,844, or 7|d. per acre, or fully three times what the same country was let at formerly on an assessment of 7d. a sheep. It should be pointed out that on the area relet, two rents were paid last year in consequence of the rent on the new licenses being paid a year in advance. The £68,844 will therefore not be paid again until the Ist March, 1884, so that next year's returns will not include that sum, but in place of it five-twelfths will be due on the Ist October next, on the old assessment, being for the period between the Ist October, 1882, and the Ist March, 1883. There will, however, be several other receipts that will help to make good the deficiency. la terms of section 114 of " The Land Act, 1877," an area of about 1,(550,000 acres of pastoral country held in 47 runs in Otago will have to be dealt with not later than the end of February, 1883, This country is not so valuable as what was offered and sold in February last; a great deal of it lies at a high altitude. The assessment paid last year was £9,620, or nearly l|d. an acre. When again relet it will bring considerably more bo doubt, but it cannot be expected to reach the high average of 7Jd. an acre, obtained as already mentioned. In Southland there is an area of 161,003 acres held in 14 runs, which will also have to be dealt with soon; this is presently let at 2d. per acre. In Marlborough land district the 70 runs which comprise ab.r.if 1,000,000 acres are now entering on the second term of fourteen years, with rents raised from Id. to 2d. an acre. As this will soon be accomplished for all the runs, the pastoral rents from Marlborough will then be about £8,000 a year. At a sale of pastoral leases in Nelson on the 31st May, 1882, an area of 171,900 acres was offered on lease for ten years in 20 runs. Nineteen runs, comprising 156,400 acres, were let for an annual rental of £1,453 3s. 4d., or very nearly 2id. an acre. Similarly in Southland Land District 23 runs, aggregating 172,450 acres, were offered by public auction for a term of ten years on the 14th June last, at an upset price of 2d. per acre. All were sold at the upset price excepting four, which were relet respectively at 2-Jd., 3£d , 4d. and sd. per acre. In both land districts these runs were almost all on country high and back lying, the low country in front having been made freehold long ago by the lessees of the runs. There was therefore very little competition in either case. The main reason why the Otago runs fetched such high rents is, that on account of the auriferous nature of the country and of the system of having to pay for extinction of grazing right whenever a block was taken for settlement, there was very great circumspection exercised in choosing it, and as survey invariably preceded selection, no applicant had ever the chance of shutting up the back or hill country by securing a monopoly of the valleys. As a consequence of this careful husbanding there has been low country left to work the high, and the colony has at the present moment, in the interior of Otago, a pastoral estate yielding a rent of about £100,000 a year, and an area of over 300,000 acres of open country withheld from the runs and available for settlement in March next. As a guide to the future reletting of runs it may be well to summarize the facts with regard to the reletting of the Otago runs in February last. Sixty-seven runs were cut up into 173 runs, and offered on license from five to ten years ; a few were for a less term, but generally they were from five to ten years, with the right reserved of taking any land for sale on giving twelve month's notice. No compensation at the end of the term is allowed for fencing or other improvements made during the currency of the license, but there is the right of pre-emption over 320 acres, subject to approval of the Land Board. The country under the old leases is held till the Ist March, 1883, by forty-one lessees, and the 173 new licenses beginning on that date are held by forty-eight, of whom thirty-seven are the old lessees. It could not well be otherwise but that the old lessees would get the greater part of the country again, for five or seven years is much too short a period to make it worth while entering on so large an enterprise as the stocking of a run, erection of buildings, fences, eradication of rabbit pest, and so on, even if the tenure were secure, which it is not. The old lessees, therefore, already well established with their stock and other arrangements in full working order, could manifestly afford to give much more rent for a short period than a new tenant. Another circumstance that favoured the old lessees was the subdivision of the higher mountainous country into rather too many runs. As it may seem absurd to state that a run of say 15,000 or 20,000 acres is too small a subdivision, it is necessary to explain that in country rising to elevations of five and six thousand feet on the summit of the ridges, the question to bo settled in putting a value on the run is not how many acres does it contain, but how many sheep can be wintered on it. With narrow valleys and gorges it is easy to see that it requires a large area of country to be included to furnish the required quantity of low country to maintain such a flock of sheep as will pay. To insure, therefore, that on reletting runs there may be more equality of conditions between those who desire to take them up, the following points should be observed: — 1. Each run should be of a size suitable to the features of the country in which it is situate. 2. The tenure should be secure, and for fourteen years. 3. Compensation within certain limits—say three years' rental —should be allowed at the end of the term for fences and buildings. 4. No pre-emptive rights should be allowed, as the selection of a pre-emptive right in some cases might absorb the site most suitable for homestead purposes, and so mar the future value and working of the run when it comes again to be relet.

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The School Commissioners of Otago in reletting ten runs, comprising 195,000 in August next, will offer the leases on these terms. On the same day the Trustees of the Dunedin High School are to offer two runs in Strath-Taieri, containing about 32,000 acres. The Laud Department will also offer three runs immediately north of Hyde, being subdvisions of part of Run 204, and aggregating 12,150 acres. Foeest-Trees Plantations. During the past year seven land orders were issued in terms of The Forest Trees Planting Encouragement Acts 1871 and 1872, which entitle the holder, in purchasing Crown lands, to a credit of £4 for every acre of freehold planted with forest trees, and grown to a size prescribed in regulations. Previously, eighteen land orders had been issued for 1,040 acres planted in former years, and the seven orders this year represent 220 acres 1 rood 24 perches, or in all twenty-five orders, and 1,260 acres 1 rood 24 perches planted, of which Canterbury leads with sixteen orders and 835 acres; Otago eight orders and 301 acres 1 rood 24 perches ; and Hawke's Bay, one order and 124 acres planted. The operations of the Planting Board of Canterbury have been referred to in former reports. The energy and success with which the operations of the Board have been conducted during the three years it has been in existence will be best explained by the following extract from the report of the Chairman, Mr. Marshman : — " The Chairman's report, dated 12th October, 1880, stated that there had been up to that date 150 acres in the Ashburton County sown with gum seeds, the cost being borne by the County Council ; and 132 acres in the Selwyn County, part sown in this way, and part planted with pines and forest trees, towards the cost of which the Selwyn County Council had contributed about £330. " These trees are for the most part growing well. " Two of the Ashburtou blocks have had fire through them, and some of the trees are destroyed; but many that were burnt, and apparently killed, are now shooting again from the root. Over, probably, five-sixths of the ground the trees are quite as thick as it is desirable they should be, and are now from 8 feet to 15 feet high. " In the winter of 1881 there was sown with gum seed : In the Ashburton County 163 acres, and in the Selwyn County 246 acres. "We need a mixture of seed, consisting of about half of blue gum, and the other half made up of stringy bark, red gum, peppermint ditto, two or three other varities, and ironbark and wattle. "The seed was sown in October and. went in well, but the early part of the summer was dry and it did not show any signs of growth for several months, but it has since come very well, and the ground is almost everywhere covered thickly enough with young plants that are now 6 inches to 9 inches high, and looking quite healthy. " The last season's work has been, so far, a decided success ; and, if the present winter passes off without much frost, the young trees will by next summer have become well established. " The average cost of the work as a whole —that is, including fencing, ploughing, harrowing, rolling, and seed, and the sowing of it —is about £2 6s. per acre, and the total area planted and sown to the present time is about 690 acres. "It is proposed to expend this year about £450 in the fencing and sowing of, say, 200 acres more.' Impbotement of Lands before Sale. As explained in former annual reports, this is the opening-out of Crown lands by clearing of roadlines in bush districts, side-cuttings where necessary in bush or open lands, and generally the beginning of what will ultimately be the roads of the districts. These lines are all graded, and the best lines are selected that the configuration of country will permit of. There are very large areas of Crown lands, especially in the North Island, absolutely closed to occupation until operated on in this manner; indeed, the future extension of settlement on Crown lands very much depends on the amount of pioneer road-making that can be done. The principal works now in hand in both Islands towards the opening of the country may be shortly sketched in the following geographical order of districts, beginning at the North. Auckland. —From Tauranga to Te Puke, and thence to Pukeroa Block, a good dray-road is in course of formation, or rather has been formed for the greater part of the way; the bridges and crossing of swamp near Te Puke have been all in hand for some time, only requiring to be completed to open out a very important line of commuDication. The line from Pukeroa is being taken on to a point on the beach about seven miles north-west of Matata ; but this is only temporary, as by keeping the line inland to Teteko, the beach is avoided and a through line got to Whakatane, which will intersect an extensive, open, unoccupied country, the greater portion of which is Crown land. From Whakatane to Opotiki the road has been begun, but the greater part inland of Ohivva Harbour remains yet to be done. From Opotiki to Grisborne through the Motu Bush there is a dense forest country, forty miles across, but much longer by the present track. About twenty miles of this track on the Opotiki side will soon be superseded by an entirely new line, explored by Mr. Crapp, of the Public Works Department, and now under formation. Mr. Barnard, of the Survey Department, has the other portion of the track on to the open country on the Grisborne side in hand. The line is being cleared a chaiu wide and sown with grass, and a clearing is also to be made at Motu Eiver in the block surveyed for settlement as a camping-ground for stock. The Cook County Council, under direction of the Survey Department, is forming a dray-road from Patutahi Flat through Crown lands to Waihau and other surveyed lands at the small lakes ; and Mr. Lambert, of the survey staff, has succeeded in finding a very much better line for a road from Te Eeinga to Opoiti than the existing track. It is proposed to put the formation of that part in hand as soon as funds are available. A reference to the map of the North Island will show that in these several works and proposals there is a great arterial line of communication passing through and rendering accessible many blocks of Crown lands, and connecting isolated settlements at present virtually cut off from any intercourse except by sea.

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Other road, bridge, and drainage works have been actively prosecuted, in the Auckland Land. District, but as they have been mostly referred to in former reports it will suffice to merely name the localities here. Maunganui Bluff; Helensville, Kaipara; Crown lands west of Churchill and Huntly, Waikato ; Te Aroha to Katikati, and drainage works at Te Aroha; Orraond to Waiapu (this work has been much hindered by the Natives) ; cross-roads through Ruakituri Block. Taranaki and West Ooast North Island. —Road-clearings have been made through the surveyed blocks in the bush behind the Continuous Reserve as the surveys have progressed. The Armed Constabulary, in partial co-operation with the department, have made roads, opening out the Crown lands adjacent to the Native reserves in Parihaka and Oeo Blocks. Roads and bridges are also now being constructed, in rendering accessible the lands in Momahaka Block, near Waverley. ITawlce's Bay. —The bush lands in Ahuaturanga district, near Woodville, were opened by formation of a through road to the banks of the Manawatu, and the lands afterwards offered for settlement, partly for cash and on deferred payment, were all taken up. The formation of a road to Puketitiri Bush was also gone on with. Wellington. —The Forty-Mile Bush, on both sides of the coach road, is being penetrated at several points for a few miles by cross-roads running in from the main line. About 40,000 acres are now sectionally surveyed, and when road works are more advanced can be offered for sale. The roads to open Tokomaru Block, near Wanganui, are in course of formation by the local Road Board, for the department. Nelson. —The track from the Buller up the Matakitaki has been widened out and improved for fifteen miles, and other ten miles are in progress. This line runs on to Reefton, and opens out an extensive region of bush land, where the pursuits of the miner and settler may be advantageously combined. The track from Cobden to Seventeen-Mile Beach, and also the intersection by tracks of the extensive area of woodland and bush from Grey Valley to Teremakau, has been, and is being, actively pushed forward by Mr. Martin, the District Engineer, on behalf of the department. Marlborough. —A dray-road has been formed up the Awatere through the Shearing Reserve, which has been surveyed, and will be offered for settlement soon after the maps are published. The Road Board of the Awatere district is endeavouring to extend the road further up the valley, till it runs into the road leading to Christchurch. When this is consummated a very important through line of communication will be established. Westland. —The last section of the line of road from Mahitahi to Haast, or rather to the mouth of the Waita River, is now under contract. The first section on the line, Mapourika Lake to Grillespie's Beach, has been let. Both of these works arc parts of the main road line which will ultimately connect Hokitika with Jackson's Bay and Ofcago. The prime object sought in the construction of this line is not so much the opening of Crown lands to settlement as affording the opportunity to miners to prospect the country—a thing quite or almost impossible until a pack-track is made. Canterbury. —With the exception of some preliminary trial lines on the Mathias Pass track to Westland, there has been no other expenditure in this district. It is proposed, however, as soon as a vote is obtained to form roads, to open out 71,000 acres of land recently surveyed at Teviotdale, Black Hills, and Malvern Hills, with a view to settlement. It is also proposed to open out the west end of Oxford Bush by a road run in from west of Gorton's and coming out on the Townsend River, Upper Ashley. A preliminary report on the cost of bringing water from the Eyre River on to a block of 10,000 acres of Crown lands near Burnt Hill has been obtained. In the success which has attended similar works on other parts of the plains, it seems worthy of a trial in this case. Otctffo. —The principal works have been in the Tuapeka County, in opening a road to pastoral and agricultural deferred-payment lands on the banks of the Pomahaka. 2. A road from Kelso to Block XIII., Grreenvale. 3. A road to laud on Run No. 106 : this land was opened on deferred payment and readily taken up, part of it being eagerly competed for at auction. 4. Road to Block X., Benger. 5. Beaumont to Miller's Flat: the preliminary work of survey and setting out of works has been done, and the formation is now to go on. Other works to open Crown lands near Lawrence and Kelso are projected, and will be gone on with if the money is voted. In the Taieri County tenders have been accepted for roads and bridges, to render accessible the land withheld from lease on Runs Nos. 307 and 218, near Blair-Taieri. In the Maniototo County the County Council, on behalf of the Survey Department, has undertaken the supervision of works on a road to give access to land withhsld from Run No. 210. Similarly, the Vincent County Council has undertaken the formation of a road-line from Cromwell up the east bank of the Clutha River on the line to^Bendigo, There are a number of other road formations, and one or two bridges absolutely required before the land withheld from the Otago runs should be offered for settlement. As the land to be offered is good it will well repay any judicious outlay on roads. Southland. —The Forest Hill Crown lands have been opened by a railway or tramway running in from Winton, and by an extension of road-line from Wilson's crossing to the south end of Crown lands. The formation of a road to open a block at the mouth of the Waiau will be gone on with shortly, and there are several other lines in Southland for which it is desirable a vote should be obtained. SekICITLTUKE. —MtTLBEBBY AND OIIVE CULTURE. Through the agency of Mr. Creighton, of San Francisco, cards of silkworm eggs (grain) were obtained from Mr. Alcock, of Japan, and placed in the hands of Mr. Federli, who devoted himself to the acclimatization of the grain—an arduous task, requiring almost unremitting attention day and night during the first two or three weeks. Having once succeeded in hatching the worms the same extreme care will not be necessary again. He was at Akaroa in February and March, where much interest is taken in the subject, for the purpose of showing in practical detail how to manage and rear silkworms. Many persons availed themselves of the opportunity, and silkworms were distributed to eighteen

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different persons in the peninsula who had the required food suitable for them. The Peninsula Farmers' Club, and others taking an interest in the development of this industry, have, through Mr. Westenra, taken steps for a supply of the mulberry {morus alba) from Auckland, Melbourne, and Sydney. Mr. Federli sums up his experience of last season in the statement: " The silkworms throve exceedingly well, and there can be no doubt the climate is exceptionally adapted to them." With the object of widening the interest in this industry, Mr. Eederli was directed to prepare an exhibit for the Cliristchurch Exhibition, showing in order the various stages of grain, worms, cocoons, and raw silk ; also plants of the morus alba, the best variety of mulberry for silkworms. In this manner the attention of many persons has been directed to an industry which ought to thrive in New Zealand, where the natural conditions are so favourable. Mr. Federli has a supply of acclimatized grain which will enable a distribution to be made next season. Meanwhile he will prepare a pamphlet giving practical directions for the guidance of those who may engage in sericulture. Olive Culture. —This is also an industry that might be established in New Zealand. The great commercial value of the products of the olive to Italy and the south of France is well known. The olive is grown in gardens at various points in both islands, and. in the North Island it ought to flourish especially well. The industry cannot be begun at will: it must necessarily be preceded by the planting and growth of trees; and, as a step in that direction, one hundred and fifty truncheons were obtained from Adelaide twelve months ago, and planted out in gardens in Christchurch and Akaroa, where, so far, they have done well. As the colony increases in population more attention will have to be given to what can be produced from the special natural aptitudes of climate and soil, of a country that ranges over thirteen degrees of latitude—viz., 34° to 47° South. Genekal and Depahtmental. The area of Crown lands has been augmented by the proclamation of completion of purchase of 925,605 acres of Native lands. These lands are all in the North Island. Their acquisition is important in enabling the settlement of the country to proceed in a more systematic manner in opening of roads, and in keeping up the continuity of occupation so that settlements are not kept isolated from each other. The ordinary routine of office work has proceeded in the usual manner. There is a steady increase of business in those Land Offices where the deferred-payment system is in vogue, and a corresponding increase in the work of the Head Office, for in connection with the settlement conditions of the Land Act, and in other ways, there are constantly questions arising requiring reference to the Minister for decision. The references last j rear to and from the Head Office amounted to a total of 2,400, and the letters received and despatched, to 7,216. Crown grants and schedules for certificate of title were examined and issued for 3,4(38 land purchases. During the current year there will be no falling off in the transactions, for the department will be able to offer nearly 500,000 acres of surveyed lands, for sale and settlement, and about 2,000,000 acres of pastoral country for lease. As New Zealand is a long stretch of country, of about 1,100 miles from north to south, it is essential that, if the department would make known what lands are open for selection, they be well and widely advertised. As a means to this end there was during the year a distribution from the Head Office of 29,709 plans, posters, and pamphlets, in addition to the local advertisements by the eleven Commissioners in their respective land districts. The " Crown Lands Guide," Rotorua pamphlets, and advertisements and plans of Otago runs, were sent well abroad outside of the colony. The distribution of maps is the best advertisement, and is of the most essential and valuable aid to the selector in making his choice. In the extensive areas to be offered during the current year care will be taken that plans are published in advance of the days of application and sale. I have much pleasure in again recognizing the cordial co-operation of Mr. Eliott (Under-Secretary), the Commissioners, and other officers of the Department. J. McKeeeow.

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No. 2.—Summary of Extent of Crown Lands absolutely Disposed of for Cash, Scrip, or in any other manner, during the Year ending the 31st March, 1882.

No. 1.—Summary of Lands Disposed of from Foundation of the Colony, with total Cash Received, &c., for the Year ending 31st March, 1882.

Land District. Total Area Sold. Total Area Granted or Reserved under Acts. Total Area Sold or Otherwise Disposed of from the Foundation of the Colony. Total Cash Received. Total Area open for Selection. Total Area remaining for Future Disposal, exclusive of Area in preceding Column and of Native Lands. Auckland ... ... Hawte's Bay Taranaki ... ... West Coast (North Island) Wellington ... ... Nelson Marlborough Canterbury Westland Otago Southland A. It. P. 1,504,557 3 30 986,494 0 36 206,189 2 39 31,700 2 26 1,600,303 0 3 1,035,310 1 4 776,472 0 15 2,943,942 2 27 50,264 2 5 2,144,458 2 19 985,493 3 34 A. E. P. 2,011,667 2 11 146,323 2 24 19,302 1 0 11,878 2 18 477,192 2 20 13,245 0 0 165,765 2 29 558,859 1 13 72,411 0 10 803,071 0 0 288,466 2 19 A. E. P. 3,516,225 2 1 1,132,817 3 20 225,491 3 39 43,579 1 4 2,077,495 2 23 1,048,555 1 4 942,237 3 4 3,502,802 0 0 : 122,675 2 15 2,947,529 2 19 1,273,960 2 13 £ s. a. 448,417 17 2 461,497 0 0 212,423 12 6 133,552 4 10 799,076 1 7 362,585 0 0 271,745 3 11 5,884,095 7 3 58,576 2 5 2,233,764 8 7 1,092,431 10 0 A. E. P. 52,111 0 0 38,065 0 0 11,029 0 34 1,677 3 2 54,968 0 0 5,840,811 0 0 550,500 0 0 4,390,359 0 0 254,951 2 12 230,000 0 0 1,506,631 2 27 A. b. p. 3,037,760 0 0 208,320 2 0 568,217 2 17 241,169 0 0 1,216,264 0 0 1,067,722 2 10 800,000 0 0 2,668,328 1 13 10,183,111 0 0 Totals ... 12,265,187 2 38 4,568,183 1 24 16,833,371 0 22 11,958,164 8 3 12,931,104 0 35 19,990,893 0 0

Lands Sold. Lands Disposed of without Sale. Land Diseeict. Number of Acrea. Rate per Acre. Consideration. Town. Number ofj Purchases. Suburban. Number oil Purchases. Country. N"umber of Purchases. Town. Suburban. Country. Cash. Scrip. By Grants or in any other manner. Auckland ... Hawke's Bay Taranaki* ... West Coast (North Island) Wellington ... Nelson Marlborougb. Canterbury ... Westland ... ... Otago Southland ... A. E. P. 72 1 2 92 A. B. P. 544 2 34 7 11 12 3 37 117 3 20 6 3 5 45 7 5 28 2 A. E. P. 32,079 2 17 2,431 1 5 9,494 3 29 16,658 1 4 22,486 0 32 3,419 1 4 370 1 31 23,889 3 6 817 3 33 61,459 0 28 22,283 0 31 128 9 85 149 60 17 4 253 17 443 92 £ s. d. 33 15 6 £ s. d. 3 15 5 19 19 8 6 18 5 15 9 0 3 0 0 £ s. d. 0 10 2 15 8 2 13 3 2 6 3 10 8 0 10 8 10 1 2 0 6 10 0 16 5 13 1 £ s. d. 20,832 5 11 1,678 4 7 25,273 3 9 44,868 13 4 23,174 11 1 1,939 2 0 572 16 0 t52,047 4 4 696 8 8 84,273 15 7 28,843 12 6 284,199 17 9 £ s. d. 120 0 0 1,585 11 2 70 0 0 A. B. P. 85,789 2 35 87,620 3 22 2,002 2 0 9,692 2 18 140,991 1 32 59 0 0 88,095 0 21 39,652 3 13 2,048 2 23 11,209 3 32 4 0 0'7 15 2 0 99 0 37 0 2 0 14 3 33 3 0 35 23 3 35 0 1 24 60 1 15 12 3 22 35 294 1 17 91 1 145 24 33 2 38 93 2 37 2 0 0 105 1 12 558 1 27 1 40 1 29 113 49 12 3 50 7 0 4-0 0 0 8 0 0 30 8 11 97 8 11 48 0 0 36 16 9 44 15 0 3 0 0 14 19 0 3 0 0 8 3 8 4 7 11 1,054 10 6 10 0 0 Totals 271 1,257 2,840 1 8 467,166 3 3 303 1 3 704 1,482 3 11 195,390 0 20 ... ... ... * Parihaka Block included in Taranaki returns. t Of this amount £18,984 14s. 3d. was refunded to applicants for excess-pa; tents made befoi survey of areas.

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No. 3.—Summary of Land Selected up to the 31st March, 1882.

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Nature of Selections— whether Agricultural Lease, Deferred Payments, or as the case may be. No. of Applications made. No. approved. Area Selected. Average to each Selection. Fees payable Eents Paid. Yearly. Total Land Granted for Conditions fulfilled to Date Total Land forfeited for Breach of Conditions to Date. Selected up to 31st March, 1881. Auckland — Homestead ... Agricultural lease Deferred payments Hawke's Bay — Deferred payments Immigrants Land Act ... Taranaki — Deferred payments West Coast (North. Island) — Deferred payments Wellington — Deferred payments Nelson — Leasing Acts... ... ~~\ 10-per-cent. clauses ... . ( Reserves ... ... C Mineral leases ... ) Marlborough — Deferred payments Immigrants Land Act ... Canterbury — Deferred payments Westland — Deferred payments Homestead ... Otago— Deferred-payment licenses Agricultural leases Southland — Deferred payments 309 199 167 479 8 545 518 389 2,230 309 100 94 473 8 439 214 335 ( 264 ) 221 1 13 (. 25 A. B. P. 52,620 1 0 4,959 2 14 12,492 1 0 39,861 2 29 235 2 26 40,330 2 31 15,948 2 25 68,569 1 23 41,168 3 3 21,210 1 22 283 1 7 9,210 3 10 A. K. P. 170 0 0 49 2 14 133 0 0 84 1 4 29 1 33 91 3 19 71 2 0 123 2 32 155 0 0 96 0 0 22 0 0 368 0 0 £ s. d. 227 19 0 2,195 19 2 7,902 12 6 7,099 0 6 4,341 17 9 838 19 2 1,788 12 7 41 6 6 2,029 12 6 £ s. d. 1,028 11 0 1,404 17 7 20,827 14 6 14,439 4 5 6,585 4 10 56,704 6 2 A. B. P. 530 0 0 4,959 2 14 6,127 3 28 142 0 0 587 1 12 50,303 2 35 17,472 3 0 A. B. P. 665 2 0 1,250 0 0 3,473 3 35 47 2 16 543 1 17 203 3 39 24,513 3 22 1,658 2 15 4,673 3 15 11 1 11 1 915 3 33 17 0 0 83 1 3 17 0 0 117 16 0 17 0 0 49 0 0 17 0 0 194 194 3,718 2 4 19 0 26 2,359 18 8 1,815 18 3 401 3 4 40 8 40 8 2,446 2 17 940 0 0 61 0 0 117 2 0 302 1 8 724 16 2 5,074 5,760 1,545 3,962 225,089 3 13 257,138 0 4 145 2 30 64 3 24 36,516 18 1| 7,521 7 0 101,577 18 3 103,741 2 8 50,941 3 29 117,424 2 8 26,931 2 27 15,125 3 22 1,006 624 84,577 3 26 135 1 21 11,569 16 9 37,562 5 2 11,215 0 38 7,640 1 22 Total 16,938 8,878 881,735 1 7 84,853 17 10i 346,412 9 0 259,722 0 4 87,196 1 34 Selected up to 31st March, 1882. Auckland — Homestead ... Deferred payments Agricultural lease Napier— Deferred payments Taranaki — Deferred payments West Coast (North Island) — Deferred payments Wellington— Deferred payments Nelson — Leasing Acts ... ... "\ 10-per-cent. clauses ... f Reserves ... ... I Mineral leases ... J Marlborough— Deferred payments Immigrants Land Act... Canterbury— Deferred paymeuts Westland — Deferred payments Otago— Deferred payment licenses ,, „ pastoral licenses „ „ exchange „ ,, ,, suburban „ Village settlement Agricultural lease ... Southland — Deferred payments 55 16 13 42 74 199 13 183 55 16 12 36 54 69 13 C 13 \ 102 1 4 C 5 8,525 0 0 4,617 0 15 566 3 2 4,713 0 9 5,246 2 6 8,572 0 36 1,838 2 22 3,078 0 3 11,141 3 39 158 3 37 1,188 0 11 155 0 0 288 0 0 48 3 23 125 1 17 97 0 25 124 0 37 141 2 0 236 0 0 109 0 0 39 0 0 237 0 0 557 "o 8 210 12 0 394 15 4 1,032 10 10 2,165 6 10 2,648 1 0 66 8 0 736 3 6 45 5 0 70 9 0 2,180 13 9 2,855 10 8 5,803 7 9 7,324 8 3 1,936 14 11 ) - 918 5 6 ) 4,647 0 0 566 2 3 7,708 2 30 2,181 0 35 8 2 24 (■ 3,214 1 4 ) 152 0 0 3,335 2 0 981 0 10 390 0 30 1,804 2 32 449 0 12 2,547 2 21 624 0 16 12 0 3 7 1 7 1 820 3 3 17 0 0 117 1 0 17 0 0 84 6 0 10 0 118 12 0 129 129 473 3 0 3 2 2 950 9 8 1,829 0 5 134 0 4 3 3 255 0 0 85 0 0 38 5 0 258 15 0 195 2 0 374 9 11 6 7? 92 9 11 6 2 29 16,832 0 29 24,624 0 20 995 0 37 35 0 8 26 2 14 4,036 1 23 183 0 0 2,736 0 0 9 1 36 5 3 14 13 1 7 139 0 29 3,208 12 6 1,641 16 8 150 6 0 31 10 10 10 12 9 506 13 0 12,632 5 10 3,806 17 1 1,903 2 6 128 7 3 5 6 4 5,916 0 5 10,063 2 21 13,089 0 18 2,645 1 33 12 2 14 28,661 2 35 3,201 0 35 140 137 16,703 1 23 121 3 27 2,759 4 6 15,410 5 8 6,024 2 30 Totals Totals under previous transactions 1,348 16,938 18,286 805 8,878 9,683 114,465 3 17 881,735 1 7 996,201 0 24 17,309 9 1 84,853 17 10i 63,027 13 4 346,412 9 0 61,069 1 15 259,722 0 4 26,581 0 35 87,196 1 34 Totals 103,163 6 Hi 409,440 2 4 ;320,791 1 19 113,777 2 29

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No. 4. —Particulars of Applications to Exchange Agricultural Leases for Leases on Deferred Payments, and to Convert Leaseholds into Freeholds, during the Twelve Months ending 31st March, 1882.

No. 5. —Number and Area of Pastoral Licenses issued during the Year ending 31st March, 1882.

No. 6. —Lands held under Pastoral License or Lease on 31st March, 1882.

To Exchange Agricultural Leases for Leases on Deferred Payments. To Convert Leaseholds into Freeholds. Land Districts. No of Applications. Extent. No. of Applications. Extent. Value of Extent Improvements. Cultivated. A. B. P. 100 0 0 955 0 37 A. B. P. 3,366 1 4 35,990 2 8 6,024 2 30 £ s. d. A. B. P. kelson )tago Southland 1 11 17 230 46 6,430' 0 0 680 0 0 Total 1,055 0 37 293 45,381 2 2 6,430 0 0 12 680 0 0

Land Districts. Number of Runs. Area. Number of Stock. Kent. License Fees (if any). Total Rent per Acre. Auckland Hawke's Bay 3 1 A. e. p. 19,781 0 0 19,500 0 0 Not known 5,000 £ s. d. 47 0 0 81 5 0 £ s. d. Nil 5 0 0 id. Id. f 1,220 acres at 2id. 28,748 acres I at |d. | 9,050 acres at 4id. 1,000 acres L. at 3d. Id. id. 6fd. lid. Nelson 8 40,018 0 0 255 7 4 Marlborough Westland Otago ... Southland 1 7 185 2 6,000 0 0 101,000 0 0 2,425,687 0 0 11,975 0 0 800 steep 25 0 0 121 18 0 70,042 7 2 61 8 4 69,673 6 8 Total ... 207 2,623,961 0 0 70,634 5 10 69,678 6 8

Laud Districts. © . i •^^ c Area Average Stock Deg ° 3 Approximately. Area to each, pastured. t5 Bent Paid. License Total Fees. Payments. Average per Acre. Auckland Hawke's Bay Wellington .,. 22 11 A. B. P. 113,575 0 0 95,663 0 0 500 0 0 A. K. P. 5,162 0 0 8,696 2 0 Not known 42,500 800sheep £ b. d. 199 10 0 339 3 1 52 0 0 £ s. d. Nil 5 0 0 £ s. d. 199 10 0 344 3 1 52 0 0 £ s. a. 6 0 Oi '68,903 acres at |cl. 26,700 acres at Id. 2s. Id. ' 174,813 acres at Id. 65,144acres at l|d. 393,695 acrs at 2d. Id. 4id. Nelson 109 633,652 2 17 4,950 8 4 4,950 8 4 Marlborough Canterbury ... 70 361 1,068,028 0 0 2,858,526 0 0 15,257 0 0 7,918 0 0 150,000 1,175,874 sheep 2,919 7 7 52,619 6 5 60 i'e 7* 2,919 7 7 52,680 3 0 Westland Otago — Under Land Act, 1866 „ 1877 Southland 47 606,000 0 0 12,893 0 0 1,337,714 Great5,243 679 18 4 679 18 4 id. 150 277 45 f5,222,932 0 0 3,743,973 0 0 417,304 0 0 31,619 0 0 13,516 0 0 9,273 0 0 41,143 17 9 76,443 15 9 3,966 19 0 41,143 17 9 76,443 15 9 2d. 2d. 25i,679 sheep Totals 1,093 14,760,153 2 17 182,814 6 9 65 16 7182,880 3 4 Otago—Deduct 73 2,731,187 0 0 Being ares relet on Leases to begin on 1st March, 1882, „ „ 1883, 2,21 from lease, 359,187 acres. 57,563 acres. S4.427 „ Total... j> withhel( 1,020 12,028,966 2 17 3) * Fines on overdue n rats.

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No. 7. —Number and Area of Leases and Licenses, other than Agricultural and Pastoral issued during the Year ending 31st March, 1882, and Revenue therefrom.

No. 8. —Number of Licensed Revoked during the Year ending 31st March, 1882.

No. 9.—Return of Crown Grants, Schedules authorizing issue of Certificates of Title and Certificates of Title, dealt with in the General Crown Lands Office during the Twelve Months ended 31st March, 1882. Draft Grants Received ... ... 2,590 Antevested ... ... ... ... 17 Executed and Despatched ... 2,268 Duplicates Issued ... ... 1 Cancelled, and others issued in lieu thereof 16 Schedules for Preparation of Certificate 310 Corrected ... ... ... ... 10 Certificates of Title Issued ... ... 1,200

By Authority : George Didbbttet, G-orernment Printer, Wellington.—lBB2.

Land District. Area Leased. Kent. Auckland Hawke's Bay West Coast ... Wellington ... Nelson Marlborough . A. E. P. 154,683 3 15 35 1 13 48 2 0 5 0 0 1,188 0 11 185 0 0 5 0 0 747 1 24 100 0 0 280 0 0 £ s. d. 1,248 9 0 5 0 0 14 0 0 8 0 0 70 9 0 3 0 0 10 0 A tithe of 6d. per 100 ft. of timber cut. A titlie of Is. per cord cut. Is. an acre per annum, and royalty 6d. per ton on coal. 15 0 2 0 0 2 2 6 75 0 0 247 19 6 1,072 13 3 1,994 14 6 Canterbury ... Westland Otago Southland ... I 300 0 0 480 0 0 510 0 0 600 0 0 806 0 0 3,534 3 35 4,441 2 23 Total 167,951 3 1

Land District. Description of License Forfeited or Kevoked. At Licensee's Request. For Nonpayment of Fees or Rent. ! Non-compliance with and Violation of Conditions. Total Number. Extent. oickland ... lawke's Bay ?aranaki felson larlborough 1 Deferred payment licenses )) ?) i) »» Pastoral licenses Deferred payments Pastoral "s 15 4 ] 18 3 2 "e 3 7 15 6 4 1 13 1 69 A. B. P. 981 0 10 292 0 30 1,804 2 22 3,692 0 0 19,400 0 0 20 0 0 39,169 0 0 16,000 0 0 13,101 2 32 !anterbury Vestland ... )tago ,, ... ... Deferred payments "i 69 Total 38 80 119 94,460 2 14