TREATIES OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION (LIST OF, BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND FOREIGN POWERS).

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1880 Session I, A-03

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1880. NEW ZEALAND.

TREATIES OF COMMERCE AND NAVIGATION (LIST OF, BETWEEN GREAT BRITAIN AND FOREIGN POWERS).

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

Copy of a DESPATCH from the Right Hon. Sir Michael Hicks Beach to the Officer Administering the Government of New Zealand. (Circular.) Sir,— Downing Street, 17th October, 1879. I have the honor to transmit to you, for the information of your Government, copies of a parliamentary paper centaining a list of treaties of commerce and navigation between Great Britain and Eoreign Powers, containing most-favoured-nation clauses; stating the period when terminable; and showing whether they apply to the British colonies. I have, &c, The Officer Administering the Govern- M. E. HICKS BEACH. ment of New Zealand.

Enclosure. List of all Teeaties of Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and Foreign Powers which are now in force, stating the date of each, and the period when terminable; whether or not they provide " Most-favoured-Nation" Treatment, and the Terms by which such Treatment is stipulated for, and how far they apply to British colonies. ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION.—Febeuary 2, 1825. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. Most-faYOiived-Nation Treatment. Imports and Exports, Produce and Manufactures, —No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of His Britannic Majesty of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United Provinces of Rio de la Plata ; and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the said United Provinces of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country; nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the territories or dominions of either of the Contracting Parties on the exportation of any articles to the territories or dominions of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation or importation of any articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, or of the said United Provinces, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. (Article IV.) Lading and Unlading of Ships, Safety of Merchandise, Sfc, Disposal of Property, Sfc, Justice, Imposts. —In whatever relates to the lading and unlading of ships, the safety of merchandise, goods, and eflects, the disposal of property of every sort and denomination, by sale, donation, or exchange, or in any other manner whatsoever, as also the administration of justice, the subjects and citizens of the two Contracting Parties shall enjoy, in their respective dominions, the same privileges, liberties, and rights as the most favoured nation, and shall not be charged, in any of these respects, with any higher duties or imposts than those which are paid, or may be paid, by the native subjects or citizens of the Power in whose dominions they may be resident. (Article IX.) I—A. 3.

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If applicable to British Colonies-. Subjects : Commerce and Navigation. —His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland engages, further, that in all his dominions situated out of Europe the inhabitants of the "United Provinces of Rio de la Plata shall have the like liberty of commerce and navigation stipulated for in the preceding article, to the full extent in which the same is permitted at present, or shall be permitted hereafter, to any other nation. (Article III.) Import Duties, Sfc. —Applicable to British " territories and dominions." (Article IV.) July 10, 1853. JFree Navigation of Rivers Parana and Uruguay. —No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Free Navigation of Rivers Parana, and Uruguay. —The Argentine Confederation, in the exercise of her sovereign rights, concedes the free navigation of the Rivers Parana and Uruguay, wherever they may belong to her, to the merchant vessels of all nations, subject only to the conditions which this treaty establishes, and to the regulations sanctioned, or which may hereafter be sanctioned, by the national authority of the Confederation. (Article I.) If it should happen (which God forbid) that war should break out between any of. the States, Republics, or Provinces of the River Plate or its confluents, the navigation of the Rivers Parana and' Uruguay shall remain free to the merchant-flag of all nations, excepting in what may relate to munitions of war, such as arms of all kinds, gunpowder, lead, and cannon-balls. (Article VI.) The principal objects for which the Rivers Parana and Uruguay are declared free to the commerce of the world being to extend the mercantile relations of the countries which border them, and to promote immigration, it is hereby agreed that no favour or immunity shall be granted to the flag or trade of any other nation which shall not equally extend to those of Her Britannic Maiestv (Article VIII.) J y AUSTRIA.—ApeiI 30, 1868. Navigation. —The present treaty shall remain in force from the exchange of the ratifications until the 31st December, 1877 ; and in case neither of the High Contracting Powers shall have notified to the other, twelve months before the expiration of the said period, the intention to put an end to its operation, the treaty shall continue in force for another year, and so on from year to year, until the expiration of a year counting from the day on which one or other of the High Contracting Parties shall have announced its intention to put an end to it. (Article VI.) Most-fayoured-Nation Treatment. Commerce. —British ships and their cargoes in all the dominions of His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty, and ships belonging to the citizens of the Imperial and Royal States and their cargoes in all the dominions of Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and. Ireland, from whatever place arriving and whatever may be their place of destination, and whatever may be the place of origin or destination of their cargoes, shall be treated in every respect as national ships and their cargoes. Every favour or exemption in these respects, or any other privilege in matters of navigation, which either of the Contracting Parties shall grant to a third Power, shall be extended immediately and unconditionally to the other Party. It is, however, agreed that this stipulation shall not be applicable to the national fisheries of either of the two countries. (Article I.) If applicable to British Colonies. Ships and Cargoes. —The stipulations contained in the preceding article are also to be applied to the colonies and foreign possessions of Her Britannic Majesty, as well as to the ships and cargoes of the same. Coasting Trade. —But, as regards the coasting trade, only in those colonies and foreign possessions the coasting trade of which shall have been, or shall be hereafter, opened to foreign ships, in conformity with the Acts of Parliament which govern this matter. The foreign possessions and colonies of Her Britannic Majesty the coasting trade of which has been already so opened to foreign ships, and in which therefore ships belonging to the citizens of the Imperial and Royal States are placed on the national footing, are —British India, Ceylon, Cape of Good Hope, Victoria, St. Lucia. (Article II.) AUSTRIA-HUNGARY.—December 5, 1876. Commerce.—The duration of the Treaty of Commerce concluded between Great Britain and Austria-Hungary on the sth December, 1876, shall be prolonged indefinitely, with the reservation that both the Contracting Parties are at all times entitled to denounce the same. In case one of the two Contracting Parties should notify its intention to put an end to the operation of this treaty, it shall remain in force for the term of one year from the date upon which-the notice shall have been given (Declaration, 26th November, 1877.) MoBt-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Commercial Privileges, Imposts. —The subjects of His Imperial and Royal Apostolic Majesty who reside temporarily or permanently in the territories and possessions, including the colonies and foreign possessions, of Her Britannic Majesty, and the subjects of Her Bntannic Majesty who reside temporarily or permanently in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, shall enjoy therein during the continuance of this treaty, with respect to residence and the exercise of commerce and trade, the same rights as, and shall not be subjected to any higher or other imposts than, the subjects of any third country the most favoured in these respects. (Article I.)

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Import Duties : Produce and Manufactures. —The produce and manufactures of, as well as all goods coming from, Austria-Hungary which are imported into the territories and possessions, including the colonies and foreign possessions, of Her Britannic Majesty, and the produce and manufactures of, as well as all goods coming from, British possessions which are imported into the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, whether intended for consumption, warehousing, re-exportation, or transit, shall therein during the continuance of this treaty be treated in the same manner as, and in particular shall be subjected to no higher or other duties than, the produce and goods of any third country the most favoured in this respect. (Article IT.) Export Duties. —No other or higher duties shall be levied in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on the exportation of any goods to the territories and possessions, including the colonies and foreign possessions, of Her Britannic Majesty, or in the territories and possessions, including the colonies and foreign possessions, of Her Britannic Majesty on the exportation of any goods to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, than on the exportation of the like goods to any third country the most favoured in this respect. (Article II.) Transit of Goods. —The two High Contracting Parties likewise guarantee to each other treatment on the footing of the most favoured third country in regard to the transit of goods through the territory of the one from and to the territory of the other. (Article II.) Favours, Immunities, and Seductions in Tariff. — Every reduction iv the tariff of import and export duties, as well as every favour or immunity that one of the Contracting Parties grants to the subjects and commerce of a third Power, shall be participated in simultaneously and unconditionally by the other. (Article III.) Exceptions : Turkish Trade, Frontier Traffic and District Privileges, Customs Union. —The stipulations of the foregoing Articles I. to 111., relative to the reciprocal treatment on the footing of the most favoured third country, shall not apply —(1.) To those special and ancient privileges which are accorded to Turkish subjects for the Turkish trade in Austria-Hungary. (2.) To those advantages which are or may be granted on the part of the Austro-Hungariaii Monarchy to the neighbouring countries solely for the purpose of facilitating the frontier traffic, or to those reductions of, or exemptions from, Customs duties which are only valid in the said monarchy for certain frontiers, or for the inhabitants of certain districts. (3.) To the obligations imposed upon either of the High Contracting Parties by a Customs Union already concluded, or which may hereafter be concluded. (Article IV.) Prohibitions. —Neither of the High Contracting Parties shall, establish a prohibition of importation, exportation, or transit against the other which shall not, under like circumstances, bo applicable to the third country most favoured in this respect. (Article V.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects : Import Duties, Sfc. —Applicable to " colonies and foreign possessions " of Her Britannic Majesty. (Articles Ito III.) BELGIUM:.—JuIt 23, 1862. Commerce and .Navigation. —The present treaty shall continue in force for ten years dating from the tenth day after the exchange of the ratifications (August 30, 1862). Iv case neither of the two High Contracting Parties should have notified twelve months before the end of the said period its intention to terminate the treaty, it shall remain in force until the expiration of a year dating from the day on which either of the High Contracting Parties shall have given notice for its termination. The High Contracting Parties reserve to themselves the right to introduce into the treaty, by common consent, any modifications which may not be at variance with its spirit or principles, and the utility of which may be shown by experience. (Article XXV.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Privileges, Favours, Immunities. —In all that relates to navigation and commerce the High Contracting Parties shall not grant any privilege, favour, or immunity to any other country which shall not be also and immediately extended to their respective subjects. (Article III.) Transit and Warehousing Duties.- —Goods of every kind corning from or going to either of the two countries shall reciprocally be exempted from all transit duty. The prohibition in regard to gunpowder is, however, maintained; and the two High Contracting Parties reserve to themselves to subject the transit of arms of war to special authorizations. The treatment of the most favoured nation is reciprocally guaranteed to each of the two countries in all. that concerns transit and warehousing. (Article XL) Import Duties: Produce and Manufactures. —Neither of the two High Contracting Parties shall impose upon goods the produce or manufacture of the other Party other or higher duties of importation than such as are or may be imposed upon the same goods the produce of any other foreign country. (Article XIV.) Favours, Privileges, and Seductions in Tariff. —Each of the two Parties engages to extend to the other any favour or privilege, or reduction in the tariff of duties of importation or exportation, on articles mentioned or not mentioned in the present treaty, which either of them may grant to any third Power. (Article XIV.) Prohibitions. —They engage, moreover, not to establish against each other any duty or prohibition of import ation or exportation which shall not, at the same time, be applicable to all other nations. (Article XIV.) Consuls. —Each of the High Contracting Parties shall have the right to name Consuls for the protection of trade in the dominions and territories of the other Party ; and the Consuls who may be bo appointed shall enjoy, within the territories of each Party, all the privileges, exemptions, and immunities which are or may be granted in those territories to agents of the same rank and character appointed by or authorized to act for the Government of the most favoured nation. (Article XVIII.) Temporary Exceptions: Cotton Yarns and Woollen Goods. —As a temporary exception to the

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stipulations of Article XIV., and for the space of two years from the Ist October, 1862, the new system shall be applied in the following manner to certain articles of British origin hereinafter enumerated: Cotton yarns, twisted, warped, or dyed, shall pay the duties imposed upon single yarns unbleached or bleached, with an addition of 5 c. for twisted yarns, 10 c. for warped yarns, and 15 c. for dyed yarns, per kilog. The duty on stuff of wool mixed with cotton shall be 22£ per cent, until the Ist October, 1863, and 20 per cent, until the Ist October, 1864. During the continuance of the transitory system the importer may, at his choice, pay either 180 fr. the 100 kilog., or the duties stipulated above. The duty upon printed cotton tissues shall be 150 fr. the 100 kilog. (Article XXII.) Cotton Tarns. —The undersigned, in proceeding to the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation concluded on the 23rd July, 1862, between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the King of the Belgians, have agreed to record in the present protocol the modifications in the said treaty arranged this day between them ; and in consequence of which the following tariff is adopted :—

Cotton Yarns.

These modifications shall have the same force and effect as if they were textually inserted in the said treaty, and they shall come into operation from the Ist October, 1862, the old duties continuing to be applied to the above-mentioned articles, as well as to the mixed tissues (Article XXII. of the treaty), up to that date. (Protocol, 30fch August, 1862.) The present Convention is conclued without limit as to duration. Either of the High Powers shall, however, be at liberty to terminate it by giving to the other a year's previous notice. The two High Powers, moreover, reserve to themselves the power to introduce into the Convention, by common consent, any modifications which experience may show to be desirable. (Article III.) If applicable to British Colonies. Coasting Trade. —With regard to the coasting trade in the colonies the stipulations of the present article shall be applicable only to the coasting trade of such of the colonies of Her Britannic Majesty as have applied or shall hereafter apply, in conformity with the Acts of Parliament which govern this matter, that their coasting trade may be open to foreign vessels. (Article XII.) Import Duties. —Articles the produce or manufacture of Belgium shall not be subject in the British Colonies to other or higher duties than those which are or may be imposed upon similar articles of British origin. (Article XV.) Noyeheee 13, 1862. The present Convention is concluded without limit as to duration. Either of the High Powers shall, however, be at liberty to terminate it by giving to the other a year's previous notice. The two High Powers, moreover, reserve to themselves the power to introduce into the Convention,by common consent, any modifications which, experience may show to be desirable. (Article III.) BOLlVlA.—September 29, 1840. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. The two Contracting Parties reserve to themselves the right of treating and of agreeing hereafter, from time to time, upon such other articles as may appear to them to contribute still further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse, and to the advancement of the general interests of their respective subjects and citizens; and such articles as may be so agreed upon shall, when duly ratified, be regarded as forming a part of the present treaty, and shall have the same force as those now contained in it. (Article XV.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects ■ Commerce, Houses and Warehouses, Protection. —There shall be between all the territories of Her Britauniu Majesty in Europe, and the territories of the Eepublic of Bolivia, a reciprocal freedom of commerce. The subjects and citizens of the two countries respectively shall have liberty freely aud securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all places, ports, and rivers in the territories aforesaid to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come, to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any part of the said territories respectively; also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purpose of their commerce; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each nation respectively shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively. (Article II.) Ships of War and Post-office Packets. —ln like manner the respective ships of war and post-office packets of the two countries shall have liberty freely and securely to come to all harbours, rivers, and places to which other foreign ships of war and packets are or may be permitted to come, to enter into the same, to anchor, and to remain there and refit; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively. (Article II.) Coasting Trade reserved. —By the right of entering the places, ports, and rivers mentioned in this article, the privilege of carrying on the coasting trade is not understood, in which national vessel* only are permitted to engage. (Article II.)

Numbers. First Year. Second Ye»r. 10,000 metres and under ... !0,000 to 30.000 metres ... 10,000 to 40,000 „ .0,000 to 65,000 Lbove 65,000, free entry (weighing charge of 10 c.) during the whole duration of the treaty. Centimes. 22 30 45 60 Centimes. 20 25 35 50

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Import Duties: Produce, and Manufactures. —No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty of any article of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Republic of Bolivia, and no higher or other duties shall bo imposed on the importation into the territories of the Republic of Bolivia of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions, than are or shall be payable on the like articles, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article IV.) Export Duties. —Nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the territories or dominions of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any articles to the territories or dominions of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country. (Article IV.) Prohibitions. —Nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation or importation of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions, or of the said territories of the Republic of Bolivia, 16 or from the said dominions of Her Britannic Majesty, to or from the said territories of the Republic of Bolivia, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. (Article IV.) Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —It shall be free for each of the two Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other Party ; but before any Consul shall act as such, he shall in the usual form be approved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent; and either of the Contracting Parties may except from the residence of Consuls such particular places as either of them may judge fit to be excepted. The Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of the Republic of Bolivia shall enjoy, in the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty, whatever privileges, exceptions, and immunities are or shall be granted to Agents of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation; and in like manner the Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of Her Britannic Majesty in the territories of the Republic of Bolivia shall enjoy, according to the strictest reciprocity, whatever privileges, exceptions, and immunities are or may be granted to the Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of the most favoured nation in the territories of the Republic of Bolivia. (Article XI.) Ships and Cargoes: Import Duties. —lt is further agreed that, for the like term of fifteen years,* the stipulations contained in the Articles V. and VI. of the present treaty shall be suspended, and, in lieu thereof, it is hereby agreed that, until the expiration of the said term of fifteen years,* British ships entering into the ports of the Republic of Bolivia from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or any other of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions, and all articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United Kingdom, or of any of the said dominions, imported in such ships, shall pay no other or higher duties than are or may hereafter be payable in the said ports by the ships and the like goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of the most favoured nation; and, reciprocally, it is agreed that Bolivian ships entering into the ports of the United Kingdom and Ireland, or any other of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions, from any port of the Republic of Bolivia, and all articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of the said republic, imported in such ships, shall pay no other or higher duties than are or may hereafter be payable in the said ports by the ships and the like goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of the most favoured nation. (Additional Article II.) Bounties and Drawbacks on Exports. —-And that no higher duties shall be paid, or bounties or drawbacks allowed, on the exportation of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions of either country, in the ships of the other, than upon the exportation of the like articles in the ships of any other foreign country. It being understood that, at the end of the said term of fifteen years, the stipulations of the said Articles V. and VI. shall from thenceforward be in full force between the two countries. (Additional Article II.) If applicable to British Colonies. Citizens, Commerce, and Navigation. —Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland engages, further, that the inhabitants of the Republic of Bolivia shall have the like liberty of commerce and navigation stipulated for in the preceding article, in all her dominions situated out of Europe, to the full extent in which the same is permitted at present, or shall bepermitted hereafter, to any other nation. (Article III.) Import Duties, fyc. —Applicable to British "dominions." (Article IV.) BORNEO.—Mix 27, 1847. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Commerce, Privileges, and Advantages. —The subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall have full liberty to enter into, reside in, trade with, and pass with their merchandise through all parts of the dominions of His Highness the Sultan of Borneo, and they shall enjoy therein all the privileges and advantages, with respect to commerce or otherwise, which are now or which may hereafter be granted to the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation ; and the subjects of His Highness the Sultan of Borneo shall in like manner be at liberty to enter into, reside in, trade with, and pass with their merchandise through all parts of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions in Europe and Asia, as freely as the subjects of the most favoured nation, and they shall enjoy in those dominions all the privileges and advantages, with respect to commerce or otherwise, which are now or which may hereafter be granted therein to the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. (Article II.) If applicable to British. Colonies. Subjects : Commerce, S(c. —Applicable to " all parts of the British dominions in Europe and Asia." (Article II.)

* From the date of the exchange of the ratifications. The Bolivian ratification was delivered to Mr. Belford Wilson en the Ist November, 1840, and the British ratification was delivered to the Bolirian G-OTernment on the 27th December,_ 1842.

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CHlLE.—October 4, 1854. Commerce and Navigation —It is stipulated that the present treaty shall last from the date of the exchange of the ratifications the term of ten years ; but it shall continue obligatory even after this term has expired if neither of the Contracting Parties shall have announced to the other, with twelve months' notice, its wish that the said treaty should cease. The same term shall intervene between the notice and the expiration of the treaty, at whatever period such notice may be given, the ten years during which the treaty ought to last having expired. Notice having been given by either of the Contracting Parties of its resolution that the treaty should cease, and after the term of twelve months having elapsed, all the stipulations contained in the said treaty shall cease and expire, excepting those relating to peace and friendship between the two countries and their subjects and citizens, which shall continue obligatory for both parties. (Article XVIII.) Most-fayoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Commerce, Ships and Cargoes, Souses and Warehouses, Trade Protection. —There shall be between all the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty and the territories of the Republic of Chile a reciprocal freedom of commerce. The subjects and citizens of each of the two countries respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all places, ports, and rivers in the territories of the other, where trade with other nations is permitted. They may remain and reside in any part of the said territories respectively, and hire and occupy houses and warehouses, and may trade, by wholesale or retail, in all kinds of produce, manufactures, and merchandise of lawful commerce; and shall enjoy the same protection and security in their persons and property, and in the exercise of their industry and commerce, as may be enjoyed by native subjects and citizens according to the laws of the respective countries. (Article II.) Ships of War and Post-office Packets. —In like manner the ships of war and post-office packets of each Contracting Party respectively shall have liberty to enter into all harbours, rivers, and places within the territories of the other to which the ships of war and packets of other nations are or may be permitted to come ; to anchor there and to remain and refit; subject always to the laws and regulations of the two countries respectively. (Article II.) Import Duties : Produce and Manufactures. —No other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Republic of Chile, and no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of the Republic of Chile of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions, than are or shall be payable on the like article the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article III.) Export Duties. —Nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the dominions or territories of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any article to the dominions or territories of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like article to any other foreign country. (Article III.) Prohibitions.- —No prohibition shall be imposed upon the importation of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the territories of either of the two Contracting Parties into the territories of the other, which shall not equally extend to the importation of the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other country ; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the territories of either of the two Contracting Parties to the territories of the other, which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the like article to the territories of all other nations. (Article III.) Differential Duty, " De Patents." —-It is understood that the differential duty denominated "de patente," and which is charged in Chile to foreign merchants and shopkeepers, is not abolished by the stipulations in the first part of this article. The subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall, in this respect, be placed upon the footing of most favoured foreign nation. (Article XI.) Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —It shall be free for each of the two Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls, for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other party; but before any Consul shall, act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent, and either of the Contracting Parties may except from the residence of Consuls such particular places as either of them may judge fit to be excepted. The Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of each of the two High Contracting Parties in the dominions or territories of the other shall enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or shall be granted there to Agents of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation. (Article XII.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects : Import Duties, $fc. —Applicable to the " dominions "of Her Britannic Majesty. (Articles 11. and III.) CHINA.—Jtoe 26, 1858. Commerce and Navigation. —It is agreed that either of the High Contracting Parties to this treaty may demand a further revision of the tariff, and of the commercial articles of this treaty, at the end of ten year:-;; but if no demand be made on either side within six months after the end of the first ten years, then the tariff shall remain in force for ten years more, reckoned from the end of the preceding ten years; and so it shall be at the end of each successive period of ten years. (Article XXVII.) Most-favoured-S"ation Treatment. Consuls. —Her Majesty the Queen may appoint one or more Consuls in the dominions of the Emperor of China, and such Consul or Consuls shall be at liberty to reside in any of the open ports or cities of China, as Her Majesty the Queen may consider most expedient for the interests of British commerce. They shall be treated with due respect by the Chinese authorities, and enjoy the same privileges and immunities as the Consular Officers of the most favoured nation. (Article VII.)

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Import and Export Duties. —lt is agreed that British subjects shall pay, on all merchandise imported or exported by them, the duties prescribed by the tariff; but in no case shall, they be called upon to pay other or- higher duties than aro required of the subjects of any other foreign nation. (Article XXIV.) Subjects : Privileges, Immunities, and Advantages. —The British Government and its subjects are hereby confirmed in all privileges, immunities, and advantages conferred on them by previous treaties and it is hereby expressly stipulated that the British G-overnment and its subjects will be allowed free and equal participation in all privileges, immunities, and advantages that may have been, or may be hereafter, granted by His Majesty the Emperor of China to the Government or subjects of any other nation. (Article LIV.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. COLUMBIA.— Febbuaet 10, 1866. Commerce and Navigation. —The present treaty of the 17th October, 1866, commerce and navigation, when ratified, shall, so far as regards the United States of Columbia, be substituted for the treaty between His Britannic Majesty and the State of Columbia, signed at Bogota on the 18th April, 1825, and shall remain in force for ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications (17th October, 1866), and, further, until the expiration of twelve months after either of the Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the Contracting Parties being at liberty to give such notice to the other at the expiration of the first nine years, or at any time afterwards. (Article XXII.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Commerce, Navigation, Ships, and Cargoes. —There shall be between all the dominions and possessions of the two High Contracting Parties reciprocal freedom of commerce and navigation. The subjects and citizens of each of the two Contracting Parties respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all places, ports, and rivers in the dominions and possessions of the other, to which other foreign subjects or citizens are or may be permitted to come, upon the same terms and under the same conditions as those of the most favoured nations. (Article II.) Import Duties. —No other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty of any article the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of the United States of Columbia, from whatever place arriving, and no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of the United States of Columbia of any article the produce or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions and possessions, from whatever place arriving, than are or maybe payable on the like article the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country ; nor shall any prohibition be maintained or imposed on the importation of any article the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of either of the Contracting Parties into the dominions and possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the importation of the like articles being the produce or manufacture of any other country. (Article III.) Export Duties. —No other or higher duties or charges shall be imposed in the dominions and possessions of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any article to the dominions and possessions of the other, than such as aro or maybe payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country. (Article IV.) Prohibitions. —Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the dominions and possessions of either of the two Contracting Parties to the dominions ami possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the like article to any other country. (Article IV.) Diplomatic Agents and Consuls.— -The Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of each of the two High Contracting Parties in the dominions or territories of the other shall enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or shall be granted there to Agents of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation. It shall be free for each of the Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, ViceConsuls, and Consular Agents, to reside in the towns and ports of the dominions and possessions of the other. Such Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents, however, shall not enter upon their functions until after they shall have been approved and admitted in the usual form by the Government to which they are sent. They shall exercise whatever functions, and enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or shall be granted there to Consuls of the most favoured nation. (Article XIII.) Subjects : Property. —The subjects and citizens of each of the Contracting Parties in the dominions and possessions of the other shall be at full liberty to acquire, possess, and dispose of every description of property which the laws of the country may permit any foreigners, of whatsoever nation, to acquire and possess. They may acquire and dispose of the same, whether by purchate, sale, donation, exchange, marriage, testament, succession ah intestato, or in any other manner, under the same conditions as are established by the laws of the country for all foreigners. Their heirs and representatives may succeed to and take possession of such property, either in person or by agents acting on their behalf, in the same manner and in the same legal forms as subjects or citizens of the country. In the absence of heirs and representatives the property shall be treated in the same manner as the like property belonging to a subject or citizen of the country under similar circumstances. (Article XVII.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects: Ships and Cargoes, Import Duties, Sfc. —Applicable to the British " dominions and possessions." (Articles 11. and III.)

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COSTA RlCA.—Novembee 27, 1849. Commerce and .Navigation. —In order that the two High Contracting Parties may have the opportunity of hereafter treating and agreeing upon such other arrangements as may tend stiil further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse, and to the advancement of the interests of their respective subjects and citizens, it is agreed that, at any time after the expiration of seven years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications (February 20, 1850) of the present treaty, either of the High Contracting Parties shall have the right of giving to the other party notice of its intention to terminate Articles V., VI., and VII. of the present treaty ; and that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either party from the other, the said articles and all the stipulations contained therein shall cease to be binding on the two High Contracting Parties. (Article XV.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects :■ Commerce, Ships and Cargoes, Houses and Warehouses, Protection. —There shall be between all the territories, dominions, and settlements of Her Britannic Majesty in Europe, and the territories of the Republic of Costa Rica, a reciprocal freedom of commerce. The subjects and citizens of the two countries respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all places, ports, and rivers in the territories, dominions, and settlements aforesaid to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come, to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any part thereof respectively ; also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce ; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each nation respectively shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce ; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively. (Article II.) Ships of War and Post-office Packets. —In like manner the respective ships of war and post-office packets of the two countries shall have liberty freely and securely to come to all harbours, rivers, and places to which other foreign ships of war and packets are or may be permitted to come; to enter into the same, to anchor, and to remain there and refit; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively. (Article II.) Coasting Trade reserved. —By the right of entering the places, ports, and rivers mentioned in this article, the privilege of carrying on the coasting trade is not understood, in which trade national vessels only are permitted to engage. (Article II.) Commerce and Navigation. —Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland engages further that the inhabitants of the Republic of Costa Rica shall have the like liberty of commerce and navigation stipulated for in the preceding article in all her territories, dominions, and settlements situated out of Europe, to the full extent to which the same is permitted at present, or shall be permitted hereafter, to any other nation. (Article III.) Subjects : Favours, Privileges, and Immunities. —It being the intention of the two High Contracting Parties to bind themselves by the two preceding articles to treat each other on the footing of the most favoured nation, it is hereby agreed between them that any favour, privilege, or immunity whatever, in matters of commerce and navigation, which either Contracting Party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to the subjects or citizens of any other State, shall be extended to the subjects or citizens of the other High Contracting Party gratuitously if the concession in favour of that other nation shall have been gratuitous, or in return for a compensation as nearly as possible of proportionate value and effect, to be adjusted by mutual agreement if the concession shall have been conditional. (Article IV.) Excise Tax or Inland Duty.—lt one of the High Contracting Parties shall impose an excise tax— that is to say, an inland duty- —upon any article of home production or manufacture, an equivalent compensatory duty may be imposed on articles of the same description on their importation from the territories of the other power, provided that the said equivalent duty is levied on the like articles on their importation from all other foreign countries. In the event of the reduction or suppression of excise taxes—that is to say, inland duties—a corresponding reduction or suppression shall at the same time be made in the equivalent compensatory import duty on manufactures of British or French origin, as the case may be. (Article I.) Import Duties : Produce and Manufactures. —No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories, dominions, or settlements of Her Britannic Majesty of any article being of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Republic of Costa Rica, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on tho importation into the territories of the Republic of Costa Rica of any articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of the territories, dominions, and settlements of Her Britannic Majesty, than are or shall be payable on the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article V.) Export Duties. —Nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the territories, dominions, or settlements of either of the High Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any articles to the territories, dominions, or settlements of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of tin; like articles to any other foreign country. (Article V.) Prohibitions. —Nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation or importation of any articles tho growth, produce, or manufacture of the territories, dominions, or settlements of Her Britannic Majesty, or of the Republic of Costa Rica, to or from the said territories, dominions, or settlements! of Her Britannic Majesty, or to or from the Republic of Costa Rica, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. (Article V.) Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —It shall be free for each of the two High Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls, for the protection of trade, to reside in any of the territories, dominions, and settlements of the other Party ; but before any Consul shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent, and either of the High Contracting Parties may except from the residence of Consuls such particular places as they judge fit to be excepted. The Costa Rican Diplomatic Agents and Consuls shall enjoy, in the territories, dominions, and settlements of Her Britannic Majesty, whatever privileges, exceptions, and immunities are or shall be granted to Agents of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation; and in like manner the

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Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of Her Britannic Majesty in the Costa Eican territories shall enjoy according to the strictest reciprocity, whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or may be granted in the territories of the Republic of Costa Rica to the Diplomatic Agents aud Consuls of the most favoured nation. (Article XI.) If applicable to British Colonies. Applicable to the " territories, dominions, and settlements of Her Britannic Majesty in. Europe." (Articles 11. and V.) DENMARK.—February 13, 18G0-Gl. Commerce and Navigation.- —No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Customs and other .Duties, Fisltinq and Trading, Liberties, Immunities, and Privileges. — It is also covenanted and concluded that the people and subjects of the King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, sailing unto any the hereditary kingdoms, principalities, or dominions of the King of Denmark and Norway, or exercising merchandise therein, shall pay neither more nor greater Customs, tributes, tolls, and other duties, nor in other manner, than as the people of the United Provinces of the Netherlands and other strangers (the Swedes only excepted) trading thither, and paying less Customs, do or shall pay; and that, as well in going, returning, and staying, as also in fishing and trading, they shall enjoy the same liberties, immunities, and privileges which the people of any foreign nation whatsoever abiding or trading in the said kingdoms and dominions of the King of Denmark and Norway do or shall enjoy. On the other side, the people and subjects of the King of Denmark and Norway shall use and enjoy the same privileges in the countries and dominions of the King of England, to wit, that the people and subjects of the King of Denmark and Norway, sailing unto any the kingdoms, principalities, or dominions of the King of England, or exercising merchandise therein, shall pay neither more nor greater customs, tributes, tolls, and other duties, nor in any other manner, than as the people of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, or other strangers trading thither, and paying less Customs, do or shall pay; and that, as well'in going, returning, and staying, as also in fishing and trading, they shall enjoy the same liberties, immunities, and privileges which the people of any foreign nation whatsover abiding or trading in the said kingdoms and dominions of the King of England do or shall enjoy. But so that the sovereign power of both Kings, in their kingdoms, principalities, dominions, and ports respectively, to appoint and change Customs and any other matters according to the occasion, be preserved and remain inviolate, provided the said equality be strictly observed on either part in manner aforesaid. (Article XIII.) Confirmed by treaty of the 14th January, 1814. If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects: Customs Duties, fyc. —Applicable to the British " dominions." (Article XIII.) DOMINICA.—Maecu 6, ISSO. Commerce and Navigation. —ln order that the two Contracting Parties may have the opportunity of hereafter treating and agreeing upon such other arrangements as may tend still further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse and to the advancement of the interests of their respective subjects and citizens, it is agreed that the present treaty shall remain in force and vigour for the term of ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications (September 10, 1850) ; and either of the Contracting Parties shall have the right of giving to the other party notice of its intention to terminate, at the expiration of the said ten years, the stipulations relating to commerce and navigation, which shall cease to be binding after ten years, and all those that relate to peace and amity shall remain obligatory to both nations. (Article X.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Commerce, Protection, Bights, and Privileges. —There shall be reciprocal freedom of commerce between the British dominions and the Dominican Republic. The subjects of Her Britannic Majesty may reside in. and trade to any part of the territories of the republic to which any other foreigners are or shall be admitted. They shall enjoy full protection for their persons and properties. They shall be allowed to buy from and to sell to whom they like, without being restrained or affected by any monopoly, contract, or exclusive privilege of sale or purchase whatever ; and they shall moreover enjoy all other rights and privileges which are or may bo granted to any other foreigners, subjects, or citizens of the most favoured nation. The citizens of the Dominican Republic shall, in return, enjoy similar protection and privileges in the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty. (Article II.) Import Duties : Goods and Merchandise. —Merchandise or goods coming from the British dominions in any vessel, or imported in British vessels from any country, shall not be prohibited by the Dominican Republic, nor be subject to higher duties than are levied on the same kinds of merchandise or goods coming from any other foreign country, or imported in any other vessels. (Article IV.) Export Duties. —All articles the produce of the republic may be exported therefrom by British subjects and British vessels on as favourable terms as by the subjects or citizens and vessels of any other foreign country. (Article IV.) Subjects: Commerce and Navigation, Favours, Privileges, and Immunities. —It being the intention of the two Contracting Parties to bind themselves by the present treaty to treat each other on the footing of the most favoured nation, it is hereby agreed between them that any favour, privilege, or immunity whatever in matters of commerce and navigation which either Contracting Party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to the subjects or citizens of any other State, shall be extended to the subjects or citizens of the other Contracting Party gratuitously if the concession in favour of that other State shall have been gratuitous, or in return for a compensation as nearly as possible of proportionate value and eflect, to be adjusted by mutual agreement if the concession shall have been conditional. (Article VI.) A—2. 3.

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Diplomatic Agents and Gonsuh.-~Ea.ch Contracting Party may appoint Consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions or territories of the other; but no such Consul shall enter upon the exercise of his functions until he shall have been approved and admitted in the usual form by the Government of the country to which he is sent. The Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of each of the two Contracting Parties residing within the dominions or territories of the other shall enjoy the same rights, immunities, privileges, and exemptions which are or may be granted to the Diplomatic Agents or Consuls of equal rank of the most favoured nation. (Article VII.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects : Commerce. —Applicable to the British "dominions." (Article li.) EQUATOR.—Mat 3, 1851. Commerce and Navigation. —ln order that the two High Contracting Parties may have the opportunity of hereafter treating and agreeing upon such other arrangements as may tend still further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse, and to the advancement of the interests of their respective subjects and citizens, it is agreed that, at any time after the expiration of seven years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty (January 29, 1353), either of the High Contracting Parties shall Inwo (he right of giving to the other Party notice of its intention to terminate Articles V., VI., and VII. of the present treaty ; and that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either Party from the other, the said Articles, and all the stipulations contained therein, shall cease to be binding on the two High Contracting Parties. (Article XIII.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Commerce, Navigation, Ships and Cargoes, Houses and Warehouses, Protection. —Thero shall be between all the territories of Her Britannic Majesty in Europe and the territories of the Equator a reciprocal freedom of commerce. The subjects and citizens of the two countries respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all such places, ports, and rivers in the territories aforesaid to which other foreigners are or may bo permitted to come, to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any part of the said territories respectively ; also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce ; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each nation respectively shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce ; subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively. (Article II.) Her Majesty tho Queen of the United Kingdom of G-reat Britain and Ireland engages further that the citizens of the Equator shall have the like liberty of commerce and navigation stipulated for in the preceding article in all her dominions situated out of Europe, to the full extent to which the same is permitted at present, or shall be permitted hereafter, to any other nation. (Article 11.1.) Coasting Trade reserved. —lt being understood that the general liberty of commercial intercourse which is conceded by each Contracting Party to the other by the preceding Articles 11. and 111. shall not apply on either side to the coasting trade of the two respective nations. (Article III.) Subjects : Commerce and Navigation, Favours, Privileges, and Immunities. —lt being the intention of the two High Contracting Parties to bind themselves by the two preceding articles to treat each other on the footing of the most favoured nation, it is hereby agreed between them that any favour, privilege, or immunity whatever, in matters of commerce and navigation, which either Contracting Party has actually granted, or may hereafter graut, to the subjects or citizens of any other State, shall be extended to the subjects or citizens of the other High Contracting Party gratuitously if the concession in favour of that other nation shall have been gratuitous, or in return for a compensation as nearly as possible of proportionate value and effect, to be adjusted by mutual agreement if tho concession shall have been conditional. (Article IV ) Import Duties: Produce and Manvficlures. —No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of Her Britannic Majesty of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Equator, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of the Equator of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions, than are or shall be payable on the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article V.) Export Duties. —Nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the territories or dominions of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any articles to the territories or dominions of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country. (Article V.) Prohibitions. —Nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation or importation of any articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions, or of the said territories of ihc Equator, to or from the said dominions of Her Britannic Majesty, or to or from tha aaid territories of the Equator, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. (Article V.) L'titing and Unlading of Ships, Safety of merchandise, Sfc, Property, Justice, Imposts. —ln whatever relates to the lading and unlading of ships, the safety of merchandise, goods, and effects, the succession to personal estates, and the disposal of personal property of every sort and denomination, by sale, donation, exchange, or testament, or in any other manner whatsoever, as also the administration, of justice, the subjects and citizens of the two Contracting Parties shall enjoy, in their respective dominions and territories, the same privileges, liberties, and rights as the most favoured nation, and shall not be charged, in any of these respects, with any higher imposts or duties than those which are paid, or may be paid, by the native subjects or citizens of the Power in whose dominions or territories they may be resident. (Article IX.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects : Commerce and Navigation. —Applicable to "all the dominions" of Her Britannic Majesty in and out of Europe. (Articles 11. to V.)

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FRANCE.—Jakuaky 2G, 1820. Commerce and Navigation. —The present Convention stall be in force for the term of ten years, from the sth April of the present year, and, further, until the end of twelve months after either of the High Contracting Parlies shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate its operation, each of the High Contracting Parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of the said term of ten years ; and it is agreed between them that, at the end of the twelve months' extension agreed to on both sides, this Convention and all 'the stipulations thereof shall altogether cease and determine. (Article VII.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Vessels. —It is mutually agreed between the High Contracting Parties that, in the intercourse of navigation between their two countries, the vessels of any third Power shall in no case obtain more favourable conditions than those stipulated in the present Convention in favour of British and French vessels. (Article IV.) If applicable to British Colonies. Vessels. —lt is agreed that the provisions of the present Convention between the High Contracting Parties shall be reciprocally extended and iti force in all the possessions subject to their respective dominion in Europe. (Article VI.) Vessels and Cargoes: Import Duties, Sfc. —Prom and after the Ist October of the present year French vessels shall be allowed to sail from any port whatever of the countries under the dominion of His Most Christian Majesty to all the colonies of the United Kingdom (except those possessed by the East India Company), and to import into the said colonies all kinds of merchandise being productions the growth or manufacture of France, or of any country under the dominion of France, with the exception of such as are prohibited to bo imported into the said colonies, or are permitted to be imported only from countries under the British dominion ; and the said French vessels, as well as the merchandise imported in the same, shall not be subject in the colonies of the United Kingdom to other or higher duties than those to which British vessels may be subject on importing the same merchandise from any foreign country, or which are imposed upon the merchandise itself. The same facilities shall be granted reciprocally in the colonies of France, with regard to the importation in British vessels ot all kinds of merchandise being productions the growth and manufacture of the United Kingdom, or of any country under the British dominion, with the exception of Buch as are prohibited to be imported into the said colonies, or are permitted to be imported only from countries under the dominion of France. And whereas all goods the produce of any foreign country may now be imported into the colonies of the United Kingdom in the ships of that country, with the exception of a limited list of specified articles, which can only be imported into the said colonies in British ships, His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom reserves to himself the power of adding to the said list of excepted articles any other, the produce of the French dominions, the addition whereof may appear to His Majesty to be necessary for placing the commerce and navigation to be permitted to the subjects of each of the High Contracting Parties with the colonies of the other upon a footing of fair reciprocity. (Additional Article I.) From and after the same period French vessels shall be allowed to export from all the colonies of the United Kingdom (except those possessed \ij the East India Company) all kinds of merchandise ■which are not prohibited to be exported from such colonies in vessels other than those of Great Britain; and the said vessels, as well as the merchandise exported in the same, shall not be subject to other or higher duties than those to which British vessels may be subject on exporting the said merchandise, or which are imposed upon the merchandise itself; and they shall be entitled to the same bounties, drawbacks, and other allowances of the same nature to which British vessels would be entitled on such exportation. The same facilities and privileges shall be granted reciprocally in all the colonies of France for the exportation in British vessels of all kinds of merchandise which are not prohibited to be exported from such colonies in vessels other than those of France. (Additional Article II.) Jahuaby 23, 1860. Commerce. —The present treaty shall remain in force for the space of ten years, to date from the day of the exchange of ratification (February 4,1860); and in case neither of the High Contracting Powers shall have notified to the other, twelve months before the expiration of the said period of ten years, the intention to put an end to its operation, the treaty shall continue in force for another year, and so on from year to year until the expiration of a year, counting from the day on which one or other of the High Contracting Powers shall have announced its intention to put an end to it. The High Contracting Powers reserve to themselves the right to introduce by common consent into this treaty any modification which is not opposed to its spirit and principles, and the utility of which shall have been shown by experience. (Article XXI.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Favours, Privileges, or Reduction in Tariff, Prohibitions. —Each of the two High Contracting Powers engages to confer on the other any favour, privilege, or reduction in the tariff of duties of importation on the articles mentioned in the present treaty which the said Power may concede to any third Power. They further engage not to enforce one against the other any prohibition of importation or exportation which shall not at the same time be applicable to all other nations. (Article XIX.) July 23, 1873. Commerce. —The present treaty shall remain in force until the 30th June, 1877. In case neither of the two High Contracting Parties should have notified twelve months before the said date the intention of putting an end to it, it shall remain binding until the expiration of one year from, the day on which either of the two High Contracting Parties shall have denounced it. (Article V.)

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Most-fa voured-Nation Treatment. The Treaty of Commerce concluded on the 23rd January, 18G0, between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and France, as also the Supplementary Conventions of the 12th October and 16th November of the same year, are again put in force in all their stipulations and in their fulltenour, and shall continue to have effect as before the Act of Denunciation of the 15th March, 1872. The High Contracting Parties guarantee to each other reciprocally, as well in the United Kingdom as in France and Algeria, the treatment in all respects of the most favoured nation. (Article I.) Favours, Immunities, and Privileges, on Reduction of Tariff, Imports. —lt is therefore understood that, in conformity with the stipulations of Article XIX. of the Treaty of Commerce, concluded on the 23rd January, 1860, and of Article V. of the Supplementary Convention of the 16th November of the same year, each of the High Contracting Parties engages to give the other, immediately and unconditionally, the benefit of every favour or immunity, every privilege or reduction of tariff, in regard to the importation of merchandise, whether mentioned or not in the Treaties and Conventions of 1860 which have been or may be conceded by one of the High Contracting Parties to any foreign nation whatsoever, whether within or beyond Europe. (Article I.) Transit, Wareliousinq, Exportation, He-exportation, Local Hues, Brokerage, Customs Formalities, Samples, Designs for Manufactures, Commerce, and Industry. —lt is likewise understood that, in all that relates to transit, warehousing, exportation, re-exportation, local dues, brokerage, Customs formalities, samples, designs for manufactures, and likewise in all matters relating to the exercise of commerce and industry, British subjects in France or in Algeria, and French in the United Kingdom, shall enjoy the treatment of the most favoured nation. (Article I.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. Januaey 24, 1874. Commerce. —The present Convention shall have the same duration as the treaty concluded between the High Contracting Parties on the 23rd July last, of which it is the complement. (Article VIII.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Excise Tax or Inland Duties. —lf one of the High Contracting Parties shall impose an excise tax— that is to say, an inland duty —upon any article of home production or manufacture, an equivalent compensatory duty may be imposed on articles of the same description on their importation from the territories of the other power, provided that the said equivalent duty is levied on the like articles on their importation from all other foreign countries. In the event of the reduction or suppression of excise taxes —that is to say, inland duties—a corresponding reduction or suppression shall at the same time be made in the equivalent compensatory import duty on manufactures of British or French origin, as the case may be. (Article I.) It is agreed between the High Contracting Parties that, as regards the matters mentioned in Article 111. of the Treaty of the 23rd July, 1873, the provisions contained in the Treaty and Conventions of .1860, and in the Treaty of the 23rd July, 1873, shall remain in force, except as far as these provision* are expressly changed by the present Supplementary Convention. (Article VII.) GERMANY (ZOLLVEREIN), see also PRUSSIA.—Mat 30, 18G5. Commerce. —The present treaty shall come into force on the Ist July, 1865, and shall remain in force until the 30th June, 1877. In case neither of the Contracting Parties shall, twelve months before the last-meutioned day, have given notice to the other of the intention to terminate the operation of the treaty, then the same shall continue in force until the expiration of one year from the day upon which either of the Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other to terminate the same. (Article VIII.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Commerce, Taxes. —The subjects of Her Britannic Majesty who dwell either temporarily or permanently in the States of the Zollverein, and the subjects of the States of the Zollverein who dwell either temporarily or permanently in the dominions or possessions of Her Britannic Majesty, shall enjoy therein, in respect to the exercise of commerce and trades, the same rights as, and be subjected to no higher or other taxes than, the subjects of any third country the most favoured in those respects. (Article I.) Import Duties: Produce and Manufactures. —The produce and manufactures of the dominions and possessions of FTpr Britannic Majesty which may be imported into the Zollverein, and the produce and manufactures uf the States of the Zollverein which' may be imported into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, whether intended for consumption, warehousing, re-exportation, or transit, shall thurein be treated in the same manner as, and in particular shall be subject to no higher or other duties than, the produce and manufactures of any third country the most favoured in those respects. (Article II.) Export Duties. —No other or higher duties shall be levied in the Zollverein on the exportation of any goods to the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty, nor in the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty on the exportation of any goods to the Zollverein, than are or may be levied on the exportation of the like goods to any third country the most favoured in that respect. (Article III.) Favours, Privileges, and Reductions in Tariff.- —Any favour, privilege, or reduction in the tariff of duties of importation or exportation, which either of the Contracting Parties may concede to any third Power, shall be extended immediately and unconditionally to the other. (Article V.) Proliihitions. —No prohibition of importation or exportation shall be established by either of them against the other which shall not at the same time be applicable to all other nations. (Article V.)

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If applicable to British Colonies. The stipulations of the preceding Articles I. to VI. shall also be applied to the colonies and foreign possessions of Her Britannic Majesty. In those colonies and possessions the produce of the States of the Zollverein shall not be subject to any higher or other import duties than the produce of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, or of any other country, of the like kind; nor shall the exportation from those colonies or possessions to the Zollverein be subject to any higher or other duties than the exportation to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. (Article VII.) GREECE.—October 4, 1837. Commerce and Navigation. —The present Convention shall be in force for ten years from the date of the exchange of ratifications (January 15, 1838) thereof, and, further, until the end of twelve months after either of the High Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same ; each of the High Contracting Parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of the ten years above mentioned, or at any other period after that time; and it is hereby agreed between them that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either Party from the other, this Convention, and all the provisions thereof, ■ball altogether cease and determine. (Article XV.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Consuls. —Her Britannic Majesty and His Majesty the King of Greece have agreed that each of the High Contracting Parties shall have the right to nominate and appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls in all the ports of the dominions of the other Contracting Party wherein such Consular Officers are or may be necessary for the advancement of commerce and for the protection of the trade of the subjects of either Crown ; and it is expressly stipulated that such Consuls, of whatever class, shall, in the country in which they are stationed, be placed upon the footing of the Consuls of the most favoured nation. (Article VIII.) If applicable to British Colonies. Import Duties, fyc. —Applicable to the British " dominions and possessions." (Articles 11. and III.) Commerce, East Indies. —Her Britannic Majesty consents to grant to the subjects of His Majesty the King of Greece the same facilities and privileges with respect to the commerce to be carried on in Greek vessels with the British dominions in the East Indies as are or may be enjoyed, under any treaty or Act of Parliament, by the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation ; it being always understood that the laws, rules, regulations, and restrictions, which are or may be applicable to the ships and subjects of any other foreign country, enjoying the like facilities and privileges of trading with the said dominions, shall be equally applicable to the subjects of the King of Greece. (Article IX.) Gibraltar and Malta. —The High Contracting Parties agree that the stipulations of the present Convention shall be applicable to Gibraltar aud to tha Island of Malta. (Article XIV.) ITALY.—August G, 1863. Commerce and Navigation.- —The present Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, when ratified, shall be substituted for the treaties in force between the High Contracting Parties, namely, those concluded on the sth April, 1847, and 30th December, 1854, between Great Britain and Tuscany; and on the 29th April, 1845, between Great Britain and the Two Sicilies ; and ou the 27th February, 1851, and the 9th August, 1854, between Great Britain and Sardinia; and shall remain in force for ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratiiications (October 29, 1863), and, further, until the expiration of twelve months after either of the Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same, each of the Contracting Parties being at liberty to give such notice to the other at the expiration of the first nine years, or at any time afterwards. (Article XX ) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Commerce, Ships rind Cargoes. —There shall be between all the dominions and possessions of the two High Contracting Parties reciprocal freedom of commerce and navigation. The subjects of each of the two Contracting Parties respectively shall have liberty freely and. securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all places, ports, and rivers in the dominions and possessions of the other to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come ; and shall, throughout the whole extent of' the dominions and possessions of the other, enjoy the same rights, privileges, liberties, favours,, immunities, and exemptions, in matters of commerce and navigation, which are or may be enjoyed by native subjects generally. (Article I.) Import Duties: Produce and Manufactures. —No other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty of airy article the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the King of Italy, from whatever placo arriving, and no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the King of Italy of any article the produce or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions and possessions, from whatever place arriving, than are or may be payable on the like article the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article II.) Prohibitions. —Nor shall any prohibition be maintained or imposed on the importation of any article the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of either of the Contracting Parties into the dominions and possessions of the other which shall not equally extend to the importation of the like articles being the produce or manufacture of any other country. His Majesty the King of Italy further engages that he will not prohibit the importation into his dominions and possessions of any article the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessioni of Her Britannic Majesty, from whatever place arrmng. (Article II.)

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Export Duties.- —No other or higher duties or charges shall be imposed in the dominions and possessions of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any article to-the dominions and possessions of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like article to any other foreign country. (Article III.) Prohibitions. —Nor shall any prohibition he imposed on the exportation of any article from the dominions and possessions of either of the two Contracting Parties to the dominions and possessions •of the other which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the like article to any other country. (Article III.) Subjects : Commerce and Navigation, Privileges, Favours, and Immunities. —The Contracting Parties agree that, in all matters relating to commerce and navigation, any privilege, favour, or immunity whatever which, either Contracting Party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to the subjects or citizens of any other State, shall be extended immediately and unconditionally to the subjects or citizens of the other Contracting Party, it being their intention that the trade and navigation of each country shall be placed in all respects by the other on the footing of the most favoured nation. (Article X.) Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —It shall be free for each of the Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents, to reside in the towns and ports of the dominions and possessions of the other. Such Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents, however, shall not enter upon their functions until after they shall have been approved and admitted in the usual form by the Government to which they are sent. They shall exercise whatever functions, and enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities, as are or shall be granted there to Consuls of the most favoured nation. (Article XIII.) Subjects: Property Imposts. —The subjects of each of the Contracting Parties in the dominions and possessions of the other shall be at full liberty to acquire, possess, and dispose of every description of property which the laws of tho country may permit any foreigners, of whatsover nation, to acquire and possess. They may acquire and dispose of the same, whether by purchase, sale, donation, exchange, marriage, testament, succession ab intestato, or in any other manner, under the same conditions as are established by the laws of the country for all foreigners. Their heirs and representatives may succeed to and take possession of such property, either in person or by agents acting on their behalf, in the same manner and in the same legal forms as subjects of the country. In the absence of heirs and representatives the property shall be treated in the same manner as the like property belonging to a subject of the country under similar circumstances. In none of these respects shall they pay upon the value of such property any other or higher impost, duty, or charge than is payable by subjects of the country. In every case the subjects of the Contracting Parties shall be permitted to export their property, or the proceeds thereof if sold, freely and without being subjected on such exportation to pay any duty as foreigners, or any other or higher duties than those to which subjects of the country are liable under similar circumstances. (Article XVI.) If applicable to British Colonies. Coasting Trade. —The Contracting Parties agree that, in regard to the coasting trade, the vessels and subjects of each Contracting Party shall enjoy, in the dominions and possessions of the other, the same privileges, and shall be treated in all respects in the same manner, as national vessels and native subjects. The provisions of this article shall, however, as respects the colonial coasting trade, be deemed to extend only to the coasting trade of such of the colonial possessions of Her Britannic Majesty as may have petitioned or may hereafter petition Her Majesty, under the provisions of the Act relating thereto, to throw open their coasting trade to foreign vessels. (Article VIII.) Import Duties, Sfc. —Applicable to the British " dominions and possessions." (Article II.) JAPAN.—October 14, 1854. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Ships and Subjects: Privileges, Immunities, and Advantages. —In the ports of Japan, either now open or which may hereafter be opened to the ships or subjects of any foreign nation, British ships and subjects shall be entitled to admission, and to the enjoyment of an equality of advantages with those of the most favoured nation, always excepting the advantages accruing to the Dutch and Chinese from their existing relations with Japan. (Article V.) Consuls, Trade. —lf therefore any other nation or people be now or hereafter permitted to enter other ports than Nagasaki and Hakodadi, or to appoint Consuls, or to open trade, or to enjoy any advantage or privilege whatever, British ships and subjects shall, as of right, enter upon the enjoyment of the same. (Exposition of Article V.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. August 26, 1858. Commerce and Navigation. —lt is agreed that either of the High Contracting Parties to this treaty, on giving one year's previous notice to the other, may demand a revision thereof, on or after the Ist July, 1872, with a view to the insertion therein of such amendments as experience shall prove to be desirable. (Article XXII.) Most-faToured-Nation Treatment. It is hereby expressly stipulated that the British Government and its subjects will be allowed free and equal participation in all privileges, immunities, and advantages that may have been, or may be hereafter, granted by His Majesty the Tycoon of Japan to the Government or subjects of any other nation. (Article XXIII.)

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LlBERlA.—Noyembeb. 21, 1848. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Commerce, Protection, Sights, and Privileges. —There shall be reciprocal freedom of" commerce between the British dominions and the Republic of Liberia. The subjects of Her Britannic Majesty may reside in, and trade to, any part of the territories of the republic to which any other foreigners are or shall be admitted. They shall enjoy full protection for their persons and properties. They shall be allowed to buy from and to sell to whom they like, without being restrained or prejudiced by any monopoly, contract, or exclusive privilege of sale or purchase whatever; and they shall moreover enjoy all other rights and privileges which are or may be granted to any other foreigners, subjects, or citizens of the most favoured nation. The citizens of the Republic of Liberia shall, in return, enjoy similar protection and privileges in the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty. (Article II ) Import Duties : Goods and Merchandise. —Merchandise or goods coming from the British dominions in any vessel, or imported in British vessels from any country, shall not be prohibited by the Republic of Liberia, nor be subject to higher duties than are levied on the same kinds of merchandise or goods! coming from any other foreign country, or imported in any other vessels. (Article IV.) Exports. —All articles the produce of the republic may be exported therefrom by British subject* and British vessels, on as favourable terms as by the subjects and vessels of any other foreign country. (Article IV.) Subjects : Favours, Privileges, end Immunities. —It being the intention of the two Contracting Parties to bind themselves by the present treaty to treat each other on the footing of the most favoured nation, it is hereby agreed between them that any favour, privilege, or immunity whatever, in. matters of commerce and navigation, which either Contracting Party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to the subjects or citizens of any other State shall be extended to the subjects or citizens of the other Contracting Party gratuitously if the concession in favour of that other State shall have been gratuitous, or in return for a compensation as nearly as possible of proportionate value and effect, to be adjusted by mutual agreement if the concession shall have been conditional. (Article VII.> If applicable to British Colonies.. Subjects : Commerce. —Applicable to the British " dominions." MADAGASCAR.—June 27, 18G5. Commerce and Navigation. —The present treaty shall be ratified by Her Britannic Majesty and by Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at London or Antananarivo within the space of six months from this date. But if, at any future time, it shall seem desirable in the interests of the subjects of either of the two Contracting Parties to alter or to add to the present treaty, such alterations or additions shall be effected with the consent of both parties. (Article XIX.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Houses, Commerce, Sfc, Privileges and Advantages. —The subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall have full liberty to enter into, rent, or lease houses or lands in, trade with, and pass with their merchandise through all parts of the dominions of Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar which are under the control of a Governor duly appointed by the Malagasy authorities, except Ambohimanga, Ambohiinanambola, and Amparafavato; and they shall eujoy therein all the privileges and advantages with regard to commerce, or with regard to any other matter whatsoever, which are now or may hereafter be granted to or allowed to be enjoyed by the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation ; and the subjects of Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar shall, in like manner, be at liberty to enter into, rent, or lease houses or land in, trade with, and pass with their merchandise through :■.ii parts of her Britannic Majesty's dominions as freely as the subjects of the most favoured nation, and they shall enjoy in those dominions all the privileges and advantages with regard to commerce, or with regard to any other matter whatever, which are now or may hereafter be granted to or allowed to bo enjoyed by the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. (Article II.) Subjects : Houses and Warehouses, Property, Protection. —British subjects shall be permitted, nx fully as the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation, in any lawful manner to purchase, rent. or lease land, houses, warehouses, and all other kinds of property within all parts of the dominions of Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar which are under the control of a Governor duly appointed by the Malagasy authorities. They shall be at liberty to build, on land purchased, rented, or leased by them, houses of any material they please, except of stone or clay, at the capital of Madagascar, ami] other towns where such buildings are forbidden by the laws of the country; and Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar engages that British subjects shall, as far as lies in her power, equally wiib her own subjects, enjoy within her dominions full and complete protection and security for themselvesand for any property which they may so acquire in future, or which they may have acquired already before the date of the present treaty. (Article V.) Imports and Exports. —Munitions of war shall be imported by the Queen of Madagascar alone into her dominions; but, save the said munitions of war, no article whatever shall be prohibited front being imported into the territories of Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar; nor shall any article whatever be prohibited from being exported therefrom except munitions of war and the following articles which are forbidden by the law of Madagascar to bo exported, namely, timber and cows. (Article VI.) Customs Duties. —The trade between the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty and the dominions of Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar shall be perfectly free, subject to a duty not exceeding 10 per cent. (Article VI.)

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Tariff. —A tariff of such duties shall be drawn up by the British Consul and by a person or persons commissioned by Her Majesty the Queen of Madagascar, and shall be submitted for the approval of Her Britannic Majesty. Such tariff shall be drawn up and published within one year after the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty. Tti case any article of produce or merchandise should be inadvertently omitted from such tariff, the duty levied on such article shall be calculated at the market value of the merchandise at the period at which the tariff was framed. (Article VI.) Prohibitions : Subjects and Vessels. —No prohibition shall apply to any article imported or exported by British subjects or vessels unless the prohibition apply equally to the subjects and vessels of every other foreign nation. (Article VI.) Tonnage, Harbour, Pilotage, Lighthouse, Quarantine, and other Local Dues. —No duties of tonnage, harbour, pilotage, lighthouse, quarantine, or other local dues shall be imposed in the ports of the dominions of either country upon the vessels of the other country, from whatever place arriving, or whatever may be their place of destination, which shall not equally be imposed in the like cases on national vessels, or on vessels of the most favoured nation. (Article VIII.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects : Commerce. —Applicable to " all parts of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions." (Article II.) MOBOCCO.—Decehbee 9, 1856. General Treat;/. —When the ratifications of the present treaty, aud of the Convention of Commerce and Navigation, which has also been concluded this day between the High Contracting Parties, shall have been exchanged,* the stipulations of the said Treaty and Convention shall come into immediate operation, and shall be substituted for the stipulations of all preceding treaties between Great Britain and Morocco. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —The British Charge d'Affaires or other political agent accredited by the Queen of Great Britain to the Sultan of Morocco, as also the British Consuls who shall reside in the dominions of the Sultan of Morocco, shall always have respect and honour paid to them suitable to their rank. Their houses and families shall be safe and protected. No one shall interfere with them, or commit any act of oppression or disrespect towards them either by words or by deeds ; and if any one should do so he shall receive a severe punishment, as a correction to himself and a check to others. ****** They themselves and their deputies or Vice-Consuls shall be entitled, in the most ample sense, to every privilege which is now enjoyed, or may in future be granted, to the Consul of any other nation. (Article III.) Subjects : Personal Privileges.- —With respect to the personal privileges to be enjoyed by the subjects of Her Britannic Majesty in the dominions of the Sultan of Morocco, His Sherifian Majesty engages that they shall have a free and undoubted right to travel and to reside in the territories and dominions of his said Majesty, subject to the same precautions of police which are practised towards the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nations. Her Britannic Majesty, on her part, engages to insure the enjoyment of the same protection and privileges to the subjects of His Majesty the Sultan of Morocco within Her dominions which are or may be enjoyed by the subjects of the most favoured nations. (Article IV.) Subjects : Rights and Privileges, Commerce, aud Navigation. —All British subjects, whether Mahommedans, Jews, or Christians, shall alike enjoy all the rights and privileges granted by the present treaty and the Convention of Commerce and Navigation, which has also been concluded this day, or which shall at any time be granted to the most favoured nation. (Article XIII.) Subjects : Hights and Privileges, Commerce, and Navigation. —The subjects of the Queen of Great Britain, and those who are under her government or protection, shall have the full benefit of the privileges and of the particular favours granted by this treaty, and which may be allowed to the subjects of other nations that are at war with Great Britain; and if after this date any other privileges shall be granted to any other power, the same shall be extended and apply to and in favour of all British subjects in every respect, as to the subjects of such other Power. (Article XX.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects. —Applicable to the British "dominions." (Article IV.) Decembee 9, 1850. Commerce and Navigation. —ln order that the two High Contracting Parties may have the opportunity of hereafter treating and agreeing upon such other arrangements as may tend still further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse and to the advancement of the interests of their respective subjects, it is agreed that, at any time after the expiration of five years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications* of the present Convention of Commerce and Navigation, either of the High Contracting Parties shall have the right to call upon the other to enter upon a revision of the same ; but until such revision shall have been accomplished by common consent, and a new Convention shall have been concluded and ratified, the present Convention shall continue and remain in full force .and effect. When the ratifications of the present Convention and of the said General Treaty shall have been

* Sultau's ratification attached to the original treaty. The Queen's ratification delivered to the Moorish Plenipotentiary, April 8, 1857.

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exchanged, the stipulations of the said Convention and Treaty shall come into operation within four months, and shall be substituted for the stipulations of all preceding treaties between Great Britain and Morocco. (Article XIV.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Commerce, Houses and Warehouses, Protection. —There shall be reciprocal freedom of commerce between the British dominions and the dominions of the Sultan of Morocco. The subjects of Her Britannic Majesty may reside in and trade to any port of the territories of the Sultan of Morocco to which any other foreigners are or shall be admitted. They shall be permitted to hire houses, and to build houses, stores, or warehouses, as stipulated in Article IV. of the general treaty of this date. (Article I.) Persons, Property.— They shall enjoy full protection for their persons and properties, as specified in Article IV. of the general treaty ; they shall be allowed to buy from, and to sell to, whom they like, all articles not prohibited in Article 11. of this Convention, either by wholesale or retail, at all places in the Moorish domiuions, without being restrained or prejudiced by any monopoly, contract, or exclusive privilege of purchase or sale whatever, except the articles of export and those of import enumerated in Article 11. (Article I.) Subjects: Rights and Privileges. —And they shall, moreover, enjoy all other rights and privileges which hereafter may be granted to any other foreigners, subjects, or citizens of the most favoured nation. The subjects of the Sultan of Morocco shall, in return, enjoy in the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty the same protection and privileges which are or may be enjoyed by the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. (Article I.) Prohibitions, Import Duties. —Merchandise or goods, except the articles enumerated in Article 11., imported by British subjects in any vessel or from any country, shall not be prohibited in the territories of the Sultan of Morocco, nor be subject to higher duties than are levied on the same kind of merchandise or goods imported by the subjects of any other foreign Power, or by native subjects, after the date of this Convention. (Article VI.) Export Duties. —All articles, except those enumerated in Article 11., the produce of Morocco, may be exported therefrom by British subjects in any vessels, on as favourable terms as by the subjects of any other foreign country or by native subjects. Should the Sultan of Morocco think proper to reduce the duties on articles of exportation, His Majesty shall have the right of doing so, on condition that British subjects shall pay the low rest duty that shall be paid by any other foreign or native subjects. (Article VI.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects: Trade. —Applicable to the British " dominions." (Article I.) MUSCAT.—May 31, 1839. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Trade, Commerce, Privileges, and Advantages. —The subjects of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat shall be at liberty to enter, reside in, trade with, and pass with their merchandise through all parts of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions in Europe and in Asia, and shall enjoy in those dominions all the privileges and advantages, with respect to commerce or otherwise, which are or may be accorded therein to the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nations ; and the subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall, in like manner, have full liberty to enter, reside in, trade with, and pass with their merchandise through all parts of the dominions of His Highness the Sultan of Muscat, and shall in those dominions enjoy all the privileges and advantages, with respect to commerce or otherwise, which are or may be accorded therein to the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nations. (Article I.) Consuls and Public Functionaries. —-The two High Contracting Parties acknowledge reciprocally to each other the right of appointing Consuls to reside in each other's dominions, wherever the interests of commerce may require the presence of such officers; and such Consuls shall at all times be placed, in the country in which they reside, on the footing of the Consuls of the most favoured nations. Each, of the High Contracting Parties further agrees to permit his own subjects to be appointed to consular offices by the other Contracting Party : Provided always that the persons so appointed shall not begin to act without the previous approbation of the Sovereign whose subjects they may be. The public functionaries of either Government residing in the dominions of the other shall enjoy the same privileges, immunities, and exemptions which are enjoyed within the same dominions by similar public functionaries of other countries. (Article III.) If applicable to British Colonies. Applicable to Her Britannic Majesty's " dominions in Europe and Asia." (Article I.) NETHERLANDS.—Maech 17, 1824. Commercial Intercourse, Colonies. —No time fixed. If applicable to British Colonies, Subjects: Commercial Intercourse, Eastern Archipelago, India, Ceylon. —The High Contracting Parties engage to admit the subjects of each other to trade wnth their respective possessions in the Eastern Archipelago, and on the Continent of India, and in Ceylon, upon the footing of the most favoured nation ; their respective subjects conforming themselves to the local regulations of each. settlement. (Article I.) The High Contracting Parties engage that no treaty hereafter made by either with any native Power in the eastern seas shall contain any article tending, either expressly, or by the imposition of 3-A. 3.

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unequal duties, to exclude the trade of the other Party from the profits of such native Power ; and that if, in any treaty now existing on either part, any article to that effect has been admitted, such article shall be abrogated upon the conclusion of the present treaty. It is understood that, before the conclusion of the present treaty, communication has been made by each of the Contracting Parties to the other of all treaties or engagements subsisting between each of them respectively, and any native Power in the eastern seas ; and that the like communication shall bo made of all such treaties concluded by them respectively hereafter. (Article III.) The Molucca Islands, and especially Amboyna, Banda', Ternate, and their immediate dependencies, are excepted from the operation of Articles I, 11., 111., and IV., until the Netherland Government shall think fit to abandon the monopoly of spices; but if the said Government shall, at any time previous to such abandonment of the monopoly, allow the subjects of any Power, other than a native Asiatic Power, to carry on any commercial intercourse with the said islands, the subjects of His Britannic Majesty shall be admitted to such intercourse upon a footing precisely similar. (Article VII.) Octobeb 27, 1837. Commerce and Navigation. —The present treaty shall be in force for the term of ten years from the date hereof, and, further, until the end of twelve months after either of the High Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the High Contracting Parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of the said term of ten years. And it is hereby agreed between them that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either Party from the other, this treaty and all the provisions thereof shall altogether cease and determine. (Article VII.) • Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Duties, Taxes, Imposts, Bights, Privileges, Favours, Immunities, and Exemptions. —There shall be reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation between and amongst the subjects of the two High Contracting Parties, and the subjects of the two Sovereigns respectively shall not pay in the ports, harbours, roads, cities, towns, or places whatsoever in either kingdom any other or higher duties, taxes, or imposts, under whatsoever names designated or included, than those which are there paid by the subjects of the most favoured nation; and the subjects of each of the High Contracting Parties shall enjoy the same rights, privileges, liberties, favours, immunities, and exemptions in matters of commerce" and navigation that are granted, or may hereafter be granted, in either kingdom to the subjects of the most favoured nation. (Article I.) Import Duties on Goods. —]STo duty of Customs or other impost shall be charged upon any goods the produce of one country upon importation by sea or by land from such country into the other higher than the duty or impost charged upon goods of the same kind the produce of, or imported from, any other country ; and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, do hereby bind and engage themselves not to grant any favour, privilege, or immunity in matters of commerce and navigation to the subjects of any other State which shall not be also, and at the same time, extended to the subject* of the other High Contracting Party gratuitously if the concession in favour of that other State^ shall have been gratuitous, and on giving as nearly as possible the same compensation or equivalent in case the concession shall have been conditional. (Article I.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. Declaration made by the Plenipotentiary of Her Britannic Majesty on the Exchange of the Batifications of the Treaty of the 27th October, 1837.—1n proceeding to the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, concluded and signed at the Hague on the 27th October, 1837, the undersigned, Plenipotentiary of Her Britannic Majesty, is commanded by Her Majesty to explain and declare that Her Majesty has ratified the said treaty, notwithstanding that the preamble thereof contains the words " in Europe," which Her Majesty's Government had objected to as redundant; but that Her Majesty considers those words to be without meaning so far as Her Majesty's dominions are concerned, because those words appear to establish a distinction between a kingdom in Europe and a kingdom out of Europe ; whereas by the word " kingdom " in the said treaty, Her Majesty, as far as regards her own territories, means only the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, which is well known to be in Europe, and does not mean any of the possessions of Her Majesty's Crown beyond sea. Her Majesty's ratification of the said treaty is exchanged under the explicit declaration and understanding above mentioned. Done at the Hague, the 22nd day of November, 1837. (1.5.) Edward Ckomwell Disbeowe. Counter-Declaration of the Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands. —The Plenipotentiary of Her Britannic Majesty having, previously to the exchange of the ratifications of the Treaty of Commerce and Navigation concluded on the 27th October, 1837, between His Majesty the King of the Netherlands and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, delivered to the undersigned, Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the King of the Netherlands, a declaration stating that Her Britannic Majesty had not in view in the said treaty the possessions of her Crown beyond sea, the undersigned is'charged by His Majesty the King of the Netherlands to declare that, His said Majesty accepts the above-mentioned declaration, and that he likewise, on his part, has not meant to comprise in the said treaty the possessions of his Crown beyond sea.

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With regard to the observations made as to the use of the words "in Europe," the Cabinet of the Hague is of opinion that their interpretation is to be found in the circumstance that the phrase " in Europe " applies to the word " ports," and not to the word " kingdom." The Hague, the 22nd November, 1887. (1.5.) Vbestolk de Soelen. March 27, 1351. Commerce and Navigation. —lf any Act should hereafter be passed by the Legislature of either country, by which any of the privileges in regard to navigation and commerce which are respectively conceded by the British Act of Parliament of the 12th and 13th Viet., c. 29, and by the Netherland law of the Bth August, 1850, should be withdrawn, then and in such case either of the High Contracting Parties shall be at liberty to terminate the present Convention, on giving to the other six weeks' notice of its wish to that effect. (Article III.) The present Convention shall be considered as additional to the above-mentioned treaty of the 27th October, 1837, and shall have the same duration as that treaty, unless in the case provided for by Article 111. preceding. It shall bo ratified, and the ratifications shall be exchanged at London as soon as may be within the space of four weeks from the date of its signature. (Article IV.) Maech 6, 1856. The present Convention shall continue in force for five years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications (April 29,1850), which shall take place at the Hague as soon as possible within the period of two months. In case neither of the Contracting Parties should have given notice to the other, twelve months before the expiration of the said period of five years, of its intention to put an end to the Convention, it shall continue in force a year longer, and so on from year to year, each Party being at liberty to give the year's notice at the expiration of four years, or of any subsequent year. (Article XIV.) If applicable to British Colonies. Consuls. —The Consuls-General, Consuls, and Vice-Consuls of one of the two Contracting Parties in the colonies or possessions of the other shall enjoy the same privileges which are or may be there granted to Agents of the same character belonging to the most favoured nation ; and specially they shall, unless subjects of the country, be exempt from all military service, and from military requisitions, as well as from all pecuniary compositions in lieu of military service. Exemption from taxation shall, however, not bo claimed for any such Consul-Greneral, Consul, or Vice-Consul, who may be a subject of the country, or engaged in any profession, occupation, or business besides his consular duties ; nor unless a corresponding exemption be enjoyed by Consular Agents of that country of the same description in the colonies and foreign possessions of the other. . (Article XIII.) NICARAGUA— Pebeuaey 1.1, 1860. Commerce and Navigation. —The present treaty shall remain in force for the term of twenty years from the day of the exchange of ratifications (August 2,1860) ; and if neither party shall notify to the other its intention of terminating the same twelve months before the expiration of the twenty years stipulated above, the said treaty shall continue binding on both Parties beyond the said twenty years, until twelve months from the time that one of the Parties may notify to the other its intention of terminating it. (Article XXVII.) Most-favoured-Hation Treatment. Subjects: 'Property, Trade, Manufactures, Mining, Privileges, Concessions. —The two High Contracting Parties being desirous of placing the commerce and navigation of their respective countries on the liberal basis of perfect equality and reciprocity, mutually agree that the citizens of each may frequent all the coasts and countries of the other, and reside therein, and shall have the power to purchase and hold all kinds of property which the laws of the country may permit any foreigners, of whatever nation, to hold, and to engage in all kinds of trade, manufactures, and mining, upon the same terms with subjects or citizens of other countries. They shall enjoy all the privileges and concessions in these matters which are or may be made to the subjects or citizens of any country. (Article II.) Ships of War and Post-office Packets. —The ships of war and post-office packets of each Contracting Party respectively shall have liberty to enter into all harbours, rivers, and places within the territories of the other to which the ships of war and packets of other nations are or may be permitted to come, to anchor there, and to remain and refit; subject always to the laws of the two countries respectively. (Article II.) Commerce and Navigation : Favours. —The High Contracting Parties further engage that neither will grant any favour to any other nation, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other Contracting Party. (Article II.) Import Ditties : Produce and Manufactures. —No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the British dominions of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Republic of Nicaragua, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Republic of Nicaragua of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the British dominions, than are or shall be payable on the same or the like article being the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article V.) Mxports. —Nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed in either of the two countries, on the exportation of any article to the territories of the other, than such as are payable on the exportation of the same or the like article to any other foreign country. (Article V.)

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Prohibitions. —No prohibition shall be imposed upon the importation of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the territories of either of the two Contracting Parties into the territories of the other which shall not equally extend to the importation of the same or the like article being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the territories of either of the two Contracting Parties to the territories of the other which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the same or the like article to the territories of all other nations. (Article V.) Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —It shall bo free for each of the two Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other Party ; but before any Consul shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent; and either of the Contracting Parties may except from the residence of Consuls such particular places as either of them may judge fit to be excepted. The diplomatic Agents and Consuls of each of the two High Contracting Parties, in the dominions or territories of the other, shall enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or shall be granted there to Agents of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation. (Article XIX.) Transit between Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. —The Eepublic of Nicaragua hereby grants to Great Britain, and to British subjects and property, the right of transit between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through the territories of that Republic on any route of communication, natural or artificial, whether by land or water, which may now or hereafter exist or be constructed under the authority of Nicaragua, to be used and enjoyed in the same manner and upon equal terms by both Parties and their respective subjects and citizens, the Bepublic of Nicaragua, however, reserving its full and complete right of sovereignty over the same: and, generally, the Eepublic of Nicaragua engages to grant to Great Britain and to British subjects the same rights and privileges, in all respects, in regard to the transit and the rates of transit, and also as regards all other rights, privileges, or advantages whatsoever, whether relating to the passage and employment of troops or otherwise, which are now or may hereafter be granted to or allowed to be enjoyed by the most favoured nation. (Article XX.) Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland hereby agrees to extend her protection to all such routes of communication as aforesaid, and to guarantee the neutrality and innocent use of the same. Her Britannic Majesty also agrees to employ her influence with other nations to induce them to guarantee such neutrality and protection. And the Eepublie of Nicaragua, on its part, undertakes to establish two free ports, one at each of the extremities of the communication aforesaid, on the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. At these ports no tonnage or other duties shall be imposed or levied by the Government of Nicaragua on the vessels of Great Britain, or on any effects or merchandise belonging to subjects of Great Britain, or of any other country, intended bond fule for transit across the said route of communication, and not for consumption within the Eepublic of Nicaragua. Her Britannic Majesty shall also be at liberty, on giving notice to the Government or authorities of Nicaragua, to carry troops, provided they are destined for a British possession, or places beyond sea, and are not intended to be employed against Central American nations friendly to Nicaragua, and munitions of war, and also to convey criminals, prisoners, and convicts, with their escorts, in her own vessels or otherwise, to either of the said free ports, and shall be entitled to their conveyance between them, without obstruction by the authorities of Nicaragua, and without any charges or tolls whatever for their transportation on any of the said routes of communication. And no higher or other charges or tolls shall be imposed on the conveyance or transit of the persons and property of subjects of Great Britain, or of the subjects and citizens of any other country, across the said routes of communication, than are or may be imposed on the persons or property of citizens of Nicaragua. (Article XXI.) It is understood, however, that Her Britannic Majesty, in according protection to such routes of communication, and guaranteeing their neutrality and security, always intends that the protection and guarantee are granted conditionally, and may be withdrawn if Her Britannic Majesty should deem that the persons or company undertaking or managing the same adopt or establish such regulations concerning the traffic thereupon as are contrary to the spirit and intention of this treaty, either by making unfair discriminations in favour of the commerce of any other nation or nations, or by imposing oppressive exactions or unreasonable tolls upon mails, passengers, vessels, goods, wares, merchandise, or other articles. The aforesaid protection and guarantee shall not, however, be withdrawn by Her Britannic Majesty without first giving six months' notice to the Eepublic of Nicaragua. (Article XXIII.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects : Commerce, Import Duties, fyc. —Applicable to the British " dominions." (Article V.) PEESlA.—Octobee 28, 1841. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Import and Export Duties, Goods and Manufactures. —The merchants of the two mighty States are reciprocally permitted and allowed to carry into each other's territories their goods and manufactures of every description, and to sell or exchange them in any part of their respective countries; and on the goods which they import or export, Custom duties shall be levied, that is to say, on entering the country the same amount of Custom duties shall be levied, once for all, that is levied on merchandise imported by the merchants of the most favoured European nations; and at the time of going out of the country the same amount of Custom duties which is levied on the merchandise of merchants of the most favoured European nations shall be levied from the merchants subjects of the High Contracting Parties, and, except this, no claim shall be made upon the merchants of the two States in each other's dominions on any pretext or under any denomination ; and the merchants or persons connected with or dependent upon the High Contracting Parties in each other's dominions mutually shall receive the same aid and support, and the same respect, which are received by the subjects of the most favoured nations. (Article I.)

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If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects : Customs Ditties. —Applicable to the British "territories." (Article I.) Maecii 4, 1857. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —The High Contracting Parties engage that, in the establishment and recognition of Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents, each shall be placed in the dominions of the other on the footing of the most favoured nation. (Article IX.) Subjects: Trade. —And that the treatment of their respective subjects and their trade shall also in every respect be placed on the footing of the treatment of the subjects and commerce of the most favoured nation. (Article IX.) Protection of Persian Subjects. —Saving the provisions in the latter part of the preceding article, the British Government will renounce the right of protecting hereafter any Persian subject not actually in the employment of the British Mission, or of British Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Consular Agents, provided that no such right is accorded to, or exercised by, any other foreign Powers. (Article XII.) Privileges and Immunities. —But in this, as in all other respects, the British Government requires, and the Persian Government engages, that the same privileges and immunities shall in Persia be conferred upon, and shall be enjoyed by, the British Government, its servants and its subjects, and that ihe same respect and consideration shall be shown for them, and shall by enjoyed by them, as are conferred upon and enjoyed \ty, and shown to, the most favoured foreign Government, its servants, and its subjects. (Article Xll ) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects: O&mmeroe.— Applicable to the British " dominions." (Article IX.) PEEU.—April 10, 1850. Commerce and Navigation. —In order that the two Contracting Parties may have the opportunity of hereafter treating and agreeing upon such other arrangements as may tend still further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse, and to the advancement of the interests of their respective subjects and citizens, it is agreed that, at any time after the expiration of seven years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of the present treaty, either of the Contracting Parties shall have the right of giving to the other Party notice of its intention to terminate Articles 111., IV., V., and VI. of the present treaty; and that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either Party from the other, the said articles, and all the stipulations contained therein, shall cease to be binding on the two Contracting Parties. (Article XVI.) Most-fayoured-Nation Treatment. Ships and Cargoes, Trade, Houses and Warehouses, —There shall be between all the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty and the territories of the Eepublic of Peru a reciprocal freedom of commerce. The subjects and citizens of each of the two countries respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all places, ports, and rivers in the territories of the other where trade with other nations is permitted. (Article II.) Ships of War and Post-office Packets. —In like manner the ships of war and post-office packets of each country respectively shall have liberty to enter into all harbours, rivers, and places within the territories of the other to which the ships of war and packets of other nations are or may be permitted to come, to anchor there, and to remain and refit; subject always to the laws and regulations of each country respectively. (Article II.) Coasting Trade Reserved.— The stipulations of this article do not apply to the coasting trade, which each country reserves to itself respectively, and shall regulate according to its own laws. (Article II.) If applicable to British Colonies. Applicable to the British "dominions." (Article II.) POETUGAL.—JoIy 3, 1842. Commerce and Navigation. —The present treaty shall be in force for the term often years from the date hereof, aud, further, until the end of twelve months after either of the High Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the High Contracting Parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of the said term of ten years, or at any subsequent time. And it is hereby agreed between them that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either Party from the other, this treaty, and all the provisions thereof, shall altogether cease and determine. Jt is agreed, nevertheless, that either of the two High Contracting Parties shall have the right, at the end of five year.?, to require a revision of any articles not affecting the principle of the treaty, on giving six months' notice of a desire to make such revision ; provided, however, that it be distinctly understood that the power of giving such notice shall not extend beyond, nor bo recoguized after, the termination of the fifth year. (Article XIX.) Most- favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Privileges, Immunities, and Protection. —The subjects of each of the High Contracting Parties shall, in the dominions of the other, enjoy all the privileges, immunities, and protection enjoyed by the subjects of the most favoured nation. (Article I.)

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Subjects : Duties, Taxes, Bates, and Imposts. —There shall be reciprocal liberty of commerce and navigation between the subjects of tho two High Contracting Parties; and the subjects of the two Sovereigns respectively shall not pay in the ports, harbours, roads, cities, towns, or placos whatsoever in either kingdom, any other or higher duties, taxes, rates, or imposts, under whatsoever names designated or included, than those which are there paid by the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. (Article IV.) Import and Export Duties : Produce and Manufactures. —No duty of Customs or other impost shall be charged upon any goods the produce of the one country, upon importation by sea or by laud from that country into the other, higher than the duty or impost charged upon goods of the same kind the produce of and imported from any other country. (Article IV.) and Prohibitions. —And no duty, restriction, or prohibition shall be imposed upon the importation and exportation from one country to the other of the goods and produce of each, which shall not be imposed upon goods of the same kind when imported from or exported to any other country. Subjects : Favours, Privileges, and Immunities. —And Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and Her Majesty the Queen of Portugal, do hereby bind and engage themselves, their heirs and successors, not to grant any favour, privilege, or immunity, in matters of commerce and navigation, to the subjects or citizens of any other State, which shall not also and at the same time be extended to the subjects of the other High Contracting Party gratuitously if the concession in favour of that other State shall have been gratuitous, and on giving as nearly as possible the same compensation or equivalent if the concession shall have been conditional. (Article IV T.) Monopolies, Contracts, and Exclusive Privileges.—Her Majesty the Queen of Portugal engages that the commerce of British subjects within the Portuguese dominions shall not be restrained, interrupted, or otherwise affected by the operation of any monopoly, contract, or exclusive privilege of sale or purchase whatsoever; but that the subjects of the United Kingdom shall have free and unrestrained permission tobbu r from and sell to whomsoever they please, and in whatever form and manner may be agreed upon between the purchaser and seller, without being obliged to give any preference or favour in consequence of any such monopoly, contract, or exclusive privilege of sale and purchase ; and Her Britannic Majesty engages that a like exemption from restraint, in respect to purchases or sales, shall bo enjoyed by the subjects of Her Most Faithful Majesty trading to or residing in the United Kingdom. (Article XV.) Douro Wine Trade. —But it is distinctly to be understood that the present article shall not be interpreted as affecting the special regulations now in force, or which may hereafter bo enacted, with a view solely to the encouragement and amelioration of the Douro wine trade (it being always understood that British subjects shall in respect of the said trade be placed on the same footing as Portuguese subjects). (Article XV.) Salt of St. Übes. —Or with regard to the exportation of the salt of St. Übes. (Article XV.) Ivory, Urzela, Gold-dust, Soap, Ounpoioder, and Tobacco. —This article does not invalidate the exclusive right possessed by the Crown of Portugal, within its own dominions, to the farm for the sale of ivory, urzela, gold-dust, soap, gunpowder, and tobacco, for home consumption; provided, however, that should the above-mentioned articles generally or separately ever become articles of free commerce within the dominions of Her Most Faithful Majesty, the subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall be permitted to traffic in them as freely and on the same footiug as the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. (Article XV.) If applicable to British Colonies. Ships and Cargoes {Direct Trade). —British ships shall be allowed to proceed direct from any port of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions to any colony of Her Most Faithful Majesty, and to import into such colony any goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United Kingdom, or of any of the British dominions, except such goods as are prohibited to be imported into such colony, or which are admitted into it only from the dominions of Her Most Faithful Majesty ; and such British ships, and such goods so imported in them, shall bo liable in such, colony of Her Most Faithful Majesty to no higher or other duties and charges than would be there payable on Portuguese ships importing the like sorts of goods, or on the like goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of an}* foreign country, and allowed to be imported into the said colony in Portuguese ships. In like manner Portuguese ships shall be allowed to proceed direct from any port of Her Most Faithful Majesty's dominions to any colony of Her Britannic Majesty, and to import into such colony any goods the growth, produce, or manfacture of Portugal, or of any of the Portuguese dominions, except such goods as are prohibited to be imported into such colony, or which are admitted into it only from the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty ; and such Portuguese ships and such goods so imported in them shall be liable in such colony of Her Britannic Majesty to no higher or other duties and charges than would be there payable on British ships importing the like sorts of goods, or on the like goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of any foreign country, and allowed to be imported into the said colony in British ships. (Article VIII.) British ships shall, be allowed to export from any colony of Her Most Faithful Majesty to any place not under the dominion of Her said Majesty any goods not generally prohibited to be exported from such colony; and such British ships and such goods so exported in them shall be liable in such colony to no other or higher charges than would be payable by, and shall be entitled to the same drawbacks or bounties as would be there allowable on, Portuguese ships exporting such goods, or on such goods exported in Portuguese ships. In like manner Portuguese ships shall be allowed to export from any colony of Her Britannic Majest-y to any place not under the dominion of Her said Majesty, any goods not generally prohibited to be exported from such colony; and such Portuguese ships and such goods so exported in them shall be liable in such colony to no other or higher charges than would be payable by, and shall be entitled to the same drawbacks or bounties as would be there allowable on, British ships exporting such goods, or on such goods exported in British ships. (Article IX.)

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Tho colonies referred to in the treaty are —Canada, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and all otter British possessions in North America; the British West Indies, including the islands and the possessions on the Continent of South America; tho Cape of Good Hope and other possessions in Africa ; the Mauritius, Ceylon, Van Diemen's Laud, New South Wales, New Zealand. (Explanatory note, July 3, 1842.) PRUSSIA.— August 16, 1865. Commerce and Navigation. —Tho present treaty shall have the same duration as the Treaty of Commerce, signed on the 30th May, in the current year, between Great Britain and the Zollverein. (See page 12.) It shall come into force four weeks after the exchange of the ratifications (February 24, 1866) thereof. (Article VI.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Ships and Cargoes. —British ships and their cargoes shall, in Prussia, and Prussian ships and their cargoes shall, in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, from whatever place arriving, and whatever may be their place of destination, and whatever may be the place of origin or destination of their cargoes, be treated in every respect as national ships and their cargoes. (Article I.) Fishery Reserved. —lt is, however, agreed that the preceding stipulation shall not affect the rights connected with fishery belonging exclusively to the subjects of either country within their respective marine territorial limits, nor the local immunities enjoyed in Great Britain, not by British subjects generally, but only by certain privileged classes in certain ports. (Article I.) Favours and Exemptions. —Every favour or exemption which either of the Contracting Parties shall grant in these respects to any other Power shall be immediately and unconditionally extended to the other Party. (Article I.) If applicable to British Colonies. Ships and Cargoes.- —The stipulations contained in the preceding Article (Article I) are also to be applied to the colonies and foreign possessions of Her Britannic Majesty, as well as to the ships and cargoes of the same. (Article II.) Coasting Trade. —But, as regards the coasting trade, only in those colonies and foreign possessions the coasting trade of which shall have been, or shall be hereafter, opened to foreign ships in conformity with the Acts of Parliament which govern this matter. (Article II.) ROUMANlA.—Novembee 30, 1876; May 12, 1877. Commerce. —Prolonged for nine months. Expired ; but see Roumanian law of July 30, 1878. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Roumanian Law of July • 30, 1878. —Tho Customs dues on imports being the product of tho soil or of the industries of countries with which Eournania has not concluded Commercial Conventions, will be levied in conformity with the tariff composed in virtue of the Commercial Convention of the 22nd June, 1875, between Koumania and Austria-Hungary, with an addition of 15 per cent, to those duties. The duties on exports, exemptions and prohibitions will be applied in conformity with, the samo tariff. Instructions to the executive authorities issued in the form of Ordinances for public administration will determine, according as necessity arises, the merchandise that belongs to each article. (Article I.) The countries whose Governments have already signed Conventions with the Roumanian Government, or who may enter into negotiations for concluding such Conventions, will at once enjoy the most-favoured-nation treatment. (Article II.) RUSSlA.—Januaey 12, 1850. Commerce and Navigation. —The present Treaty of Commerce and Navigation shall remain in force for ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications (Ist February, 1859), and, further, until the expiration of twelve months after either of the High Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same; each of the High Contracting Parties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the expiration of the first nine years, or at any time afterwards. (Article XXII.) Most-favoured-K'ation Treatment. Ships and Cargoes, Sights, Privileges, Liberties, Favours, Immunities, and Exemptions. —There shall be between all the dominions and possessions of the two High Contracting Parties reciprocal freedom of commerce and navigation. The subjects of each of the two Contracting Parties respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all places, ports, and rivers in the dominions and jjossessions of the other to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come ; and shall, throughout the whole extent of the dominions and possessions of the other, enjoy the samo rights, privileges, liberties, favours, immunities, and exemptions in matters of commerce and navigation which are or may be enjoyed by native subjects generally. It is understood, however, that the preceding stipulations in no wise affect the laws, decrees, and special regulations regarding commerce, industry, and police, in vigour in each of the two countries, and generally applicable to all foreigners. (Article I.)

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Import Duties : Produce and Manufactures. —No other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of all the liussias, from whatever place arriving, and no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of His Majesty the Emperor of all the liussias of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions and possessions, from whatever place arriving, than are or shall be payable on the like article the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article IT.) Prohibitions. —Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the importation of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of either of the two Contracting Parties into the dominions and possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the importation of the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other country. (Article IT.) Export Duties. —No other or higher duties or charges shall be imposed in the dominions and possessions of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any article to the dominions and possessions of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like article to any other foreign country ; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the dominions and possessions of either of the two Contracting Parties to the dominions and possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the like article to any other country. (Article III.) Subjects: Commerce and Navigation, Privileges, Favours, and Immunities. —Her Britannic Majesty engages that in all matters relating to commerce and navigation the subjects of His Majesty the Emperor of all the Eussias shall, in the British dominions, be entitled to every privilege, favour, and immunity which is actually granted, or may hereafter be granted, by Her Britannic Majesty to the subjects or citizens of any other Power; and His Majesty the Emperor of all the Russias, actuated by a desire to foster and extend the commercial relations of the two countries, engages that any privilege, favour, or immunity whatever in regard to commerce and navigation which His Imperial Majesty has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to the subjects or citizens of any other State, shall be extended to the subjects of Her Britannic Majesty. (Article X.) Property. —The subjects of either of the two Contracting Parties in the dominions and possessions of the other shall be at full liberty to acquire, possess, and dispose of every description of property which the laws of the country may permit any foreigners, of whatsoever nation, to acquire and possess. They may acquire and dispose of the same, whether by purchase, sale, donation, exchange, marriage, testament, succession ab intestato, or in any other manner, under the same conditions as are established by the laws of the country for all foreigners. Their heirs and representatives may succeed to and take possession of such property, either in person or by agents acting on their behalf, in the same manner and in the same legal forms as subjects of the country. In the absence of heirs and representatives the property shall be treated in the same manner as the like property belonging to a übject of the country under similar circumstances. (Article XIII.) Consuls.- —It shall be free for each of the two High Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents to reside in the towns and ports of the dominions and possessions of the other. Such Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents, however, shall not enter upon their functions until after they shall have been approved and admitted in the usual form by the Government to which they arc sent. They shall exercise whatever functions, and enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities, as are or shall be granted there to Consuls of the most favoured nation. (Article XV.) Commercial Relations : Russia, Sweden and Norway, and Finland. —The commercial intercourse of Russia with the Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway being regulated by special stipulations, which may hereafter be renewed, and which do not form part of the regulations applicable to foreign commerce in general, the two High Contracting Parties, being desirous of removing from their commercial relations every kind of doubt or cause for discussion, have agreed that those special stipulations granted in favour of the commerce of Sweden and Norway, in consideration of equivalent advantages granted in those countries to the commerce of the Grand Duchy of Finland, shall in no case apply to the relations of commerce and navigation established between the two High Contracting Parties by the present treaty. (Separate Article I.) If applicable to British Colonies. Ships and Cargoes, National Treatment. —Applicable to the British " dominions and possessions." (Article I.) Import Duties, fyc. —Applicable to the British " dominions and possessions." (Article II.) SALVADOE.-October 24, 1862. Commerce and Navigation. —The present treaty shall remain in force for the term of twenty years from the day of the exchange of ratifications ; and if neither Party shall notify to the other its intention of terminating the same twelve months before the expiration of the twenty years stipulated above, the said treaty shall continue binding on both Parties beyond the said twenty years, until twelve months from the time that one of the Parties may notify to the other its intention of terminating it. (Article XXI.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Property, Trade, Manufactures and Mining. Rights, Privileges, Exemptions, and Concessions.—The two High Contracting Parties being desirous of placing the commerce and navigation of their respective countries on the liberal basis of perfect equality and reciprocity, mutually agree that the subjects or citizens of each may frequent all the coasts and countries of the other, and reside therein, and shall have the power to purchase and hold all kinds of property which the laws of the country may permit any foreigners, of whatever nation, to hold, and to engage in all kinds of trado,

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manufactures, and mining, upon the same terms with native subjects or citizens. They shall enjoy all the privileges and concessions in these matters which are or may be made to the subjects or citizens of any country; and shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, and exemptions in navigation, commerce, and manufactures which native subjects or citizens do or shall enjoy, submitting themselves to the laws there established, to which native subjects or citizens are subjected. Ships of War and Post-office Packets. —The ships of war and post-office packets of each Contracting Party respectively shall have liberty to enter into all harbours, rivers, and places within the territories of the other to which the ships of war and packets of other nations are or may be permitted to come, to anchor there, and to remain and refit; subject always to the laws of the two countries respectively. (Article II.) Favours. —The High Contracting Parties further engage that neither will grant any favour to any other nation, in respect of commerce and navigation, which shall not immediately become common to the other Contracting Party. (Article II.) Import Duties : Produce and Manufactures.— No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the British dominions of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the Republic of Salvador, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the Republic of Salvador of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the British dominions, than are or shall be payable on the same or the like article being the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article V.) Export Duties. —Nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed in either of the two countries on the exportation of any article to the territories of the other, than such as are payable on the exportation of the same or the like article to any other foreign country. (Article V.) Prohibitions.So prohibition shall be imposed upon the importation of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of the territories of either of the two Contracting Parties into the territories of the other which shall not equally extend to the importation of the same or the like article being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other country; nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the territories of either of the two Contracting Parties to the territories of the other which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the same or the like article to the territories of all other nations. (Article V.) Warehousing, Transit, lie-exportation, Bounties, Facilities, and Draivbaelcs. —The subjects and citizens of one of the Contracting Parties shall enjoy, in the dominions, possessions, and territories of the other, equality of treatment with native subjects and citizens, or with the subjects and citizens of the most favoured nation, in regard to warehousing, transit, and re-export, and also in regard to bounties, facilities, and drawbacks. (Article VI.) Property. —The subjects and citizens of either of the two Contracting Parties in the territories of the other shall be at full liberty to acquire, possess, and dispose of, whether by purchase, sale, donation, exchange, marriage, testament, succession ah intestato, or in any other manner whatever, every description of property which the laws of the country may permit any foreigners, of whatsoever nation, to hold. Their heirs and representatives may succeed to and take possession of such property, either in person or by agents acting on their behalf, in the ordinary form of law, in the same manner as subjects or citizens of the country ; and in the absence of such heirs and representatives the property shall be treated in the same manner as the like property belonging to a subject or citizen of the country under similar circumstances. (Article XIII.) Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —lt shall be free for each of the two Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the dominions and territories of the other Party ; but before any Consul shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent. The Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of each of the two High Contracting Parties in the dominions or territories of the other shall enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or shall be granted there to Agents of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation. (Article XX.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects : Trade, Import Duties, fyc. —Applicable to the British " dominions, possessions, and territories." (Articles 11., V., and VI.) SANDWICH ISLANDS.— July 10, 1851. Commerce and Navigation. —ln order that the two Contracting Parties may have the opportunity of hereafter treating and agreeing upon such other arrangements as may tend still further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse, and to the advancement of the interests of their respective subjects, it is agreed that, at anytime after the expiration of seven years from the date of the exchange of the ratifiations of the present treaty (May 6, 1852), either of the Contracting Parties shall have the right of giving to the other Party notice of its intention to terminate Articles IV., V., and VI. of the present treaty, and that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either Party from the other, the said articles and all the stipulations contained therein shall cease to be binding on the two Contracting Parties. (Article XVII.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Commerce and Navigation, Favours, Privileges, and Immunities. —The two Contracting Parties hereby agree that any favour, privilege, or immunity whatever in matters of commerce or navigation which either Contracting Party has actually granted, or may hereafter grant, to the subjects or citizens of any other State, shall bo extended to the subjects or citizens of the other Contracting Par,ty gratuitously if the concession in favour of that other State shall have been gratuitous, or in return for a compensation as nearly as possible of proportionate value and effect, to be adjusted by mutual agreement if the concession shall have been conditional. (Article III.) 4—A. 3.

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Wliale-sldps. —British whale-ships shall have access to the ports of Hilo, Kealakekua, and Hanalei, in the Sandwich Islands, for the purpose of refitment and refreshment, as well as to the ports of Honolulu and Lahaina, which two last-mentioned ports only are ports of entry for all merchant vessels. (Article VII.) Trade and Barter, Tonnage and Saviour Dues, Import Duties. —And in all the above-named ports they shall be permitted to trade or to barter their supplies or goods, excepting spirituous liquors, to the amount of 200 dollars ad valorem, for each vessel, without paying any charge for tonnage, or for harbour dues of any description, or any duties or imposts whatever upon the goods or articles so traded' or bartered. They shall also be permitted, with the like exemption from all charges for tonnage and harbour dues, further to trade or barter, with the same exception as to spirituous liquors, to the additional amount of 1,000 dollars ad valorem for each vessel, paying upon the additional goods and articles so traded and bartered no other or higher duties than are payable on like goods and articles when imported in national vessels and by native subjects. They shall also be permitted to paBS from port to port of the Sandwich Islands for the purpose of procuring refreshments, but they shall not discharge their seamen or land their passengers in the said islands except at Honolulu and Lahaina; and in all the ports named in this article British whale-ships shall enjoy, in all respects whatsoever, all the rights, privileges, and immunities which are or may be enjoyed by national whale-ships, or by whale-ships of the most favoured nation. (Article Til.) Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —It shall be free for each of the two Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls for the protection of trade, to reside in the territories of *he other Party; but before any Consul shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent; and either of the Contracting Parties may except from the residence of Consuls such particular places as either of them may judge fit to be excepted. The Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of the Hawaiian Islands in the dominions of Her Britannic Majesty shall enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or shall be granted there to Agents of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation; and in like manner the Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of Her Britannic Majesty in the Hawaiian Islands shall enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or may be granted there to the Diplomatic Agents and Consuls of the same rank belonging to the most favoured nation. (Article XII.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. SEEVIA.—Maech 17, 1879. Commerce. —See page 35. SlAM.—Apeil 18, 1855. Commerce and Navigation. —After the lapse of ten years from the date of the ratification of this treaty (April 5, 1856), upon the desire of either the British or Siamese Government, and on twelve months' notice given by either Party, the present and such portions of the treaty of 1826 as remain unrevoked by this treaty, together with the tariff and regulations hereunto annexed, or those that may hereafter be introduced, shall be subject to revision by Commissioners appointed on both sides for this purpose, who will be empowered to decide on and insert therein such amendments as experience shall prove to be desirable. (Article XI.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Privileges. —The British Government and its subjects will be allowed free and equal participation in any privileges that may have been or may hereafter be granted by the Siamese Government to the Government or subjects of any other nation. (Article X.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. SPAIN.—May 23, 1667. Commerce and Navigation. —Continued in force, pending negotiation of a new treaty of commerce, by additional article of the 28th August, 1814. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Trade and Commerce. —That neither of the said Kings, nor their respective people, subjects or inhabitants within their dominions, upon any pretence, may, in public or secret, do or procure to be done anything against the other in any place by sea or land, nor in the ports or rivers of the one or the other, but shall treat one another with, all love and friendship; and may, by water and by land, freely and securely pass into the confines, countries, lands, kingdoms, islands, dominions, cities, towns, villages, walled or without wall, fortified or unfortified, their havens and ports (where hitherto trade and commerce hath been accustomed), and there trade, buy and sell, as well of and to the inhabitants of their respective places, as those of their own nation, or any other nation that shall be or come there. (Article II.) Customs Duties. —Item : It is likewise agreed that, for the merchandises which the subjects of the King of Great Britain shall buy in Spain or other the kingdoms or dominions of the King of Spain, and shall carry in their own ships, or in ships hired or lent unto them, no new Customs, toll, tenths, subsidies, or other rights or duties whatsoever, shall be taken or increased, other than those which, in the like case, the natives themselves and all other strangers arc obliged to pay ; and the subjects aforesaid buying, selling, and contracting for their merchandises, as well in respect of the prices as of all duties to be paid, shall enjoy the same privileges which are allowed to the natural subjects of

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Spain, and may buy and lade their ships with such goods and merchandises, which, said ships being laden, and Customs being paid for the goods, shall not be detained in port upon any pretence whatsoever ; nor shall the laders, merchants, or factors who bought and loaded the goods aforesaid be questioned after the departure of the said ships for any matter or thing whatsoever concerning the same. (Article V.) Consuls. —That the Consul which hereafter shall reside in any of the dominions of the King of Spain, for the help and protection of the subjects of the King of Great Britain, shall be named by the King of Great Britain, and he so named shall have and exercise the same power and authority in the execution of his charge as any other Consul hath formerly had in the dominions of the said King of Spain. And in like manner the Spanish Consul residing in England shall enjoy as much authority as the Consuls of any other nation have hitherto enjoyed in that kingdom. (Article XXVII.) Subjects : Trade, Privileges, Securities, Liberties, and Immunities. —lt is agreed and concluded that the people and subjects of the King of Great Britain and of the King of Spain shall have and enjoy, in the respective lands, seas, ports, havens, roads, and territories of the one or the other, and in all places whatsoever, the same privileges, securities, liberties, and immunities, whether they concern their persons or trade, with all the beneficial clauses and circumstances which have been granted or shall be hereafter granted by either of the said Kings to the Most Christian King, the States-General of the United Provinces, the Hans Towns, or any other kingdom or State whatsoever, in as full, ample, and beneficial manner as if the same were particularly mentioned and inserted in this treaty. (Article XXXVIII.) If applicable to British Colonies, Not applicable to British Colonies. Jtjlt 13, 1713. Commerce and Navigation. —Continued in force, pending negotiation of a new treaty of commerce, by additional article of the 28th August, 1814. Most-favoured-!!Sration Treatment. Subjects: Privileges, Liberties, and Immunities, Duties, Impositions, Customs, Goods, Merchandise, Ships, Freight, Seamen, Commerce, Navigation. —It is further agreed and concluded, as a general rule, that all and singular the subjects of each kingdom shall in all countries and places on both sides have and enjoy at least the same privileges, liberties, and immunities as to all duties, impositions, or Customs whatsoever relating to persons, goods, and merchandises, ships, freight, seamen, navigation, and commerce, and shall have the like favour in all things, as the subjects of France, or any other foreign nation, the most favoured, have, possess, and enjoy, or at any time hereafter may have, possess, or enjoy. (Article IX.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. December 9, 1713. Commerce and Navigation. —Continued in force, pending negotiation of a new treaty of commerce, by additional article of the 28th August, 1814. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Import and Export Duties: Diminutions, Advantages. —The subjects of their Majesties, trading respectively in the dominions of their said Majesties, shall not be bound to pay greater duties, or other imposts whatsoever, for their imports or exports than shall be exacted of and paid by the subjects of the most favoured nation; and if it shall happen in time to come that any diminutions of duties or other advantages shall be granted by either side to any foreign nation, the subjects of each Crown shall reciprocally and fully enjoy the same. (Article II.) Subjects : Privileges, Liberties, and Immunities, Imposts, Duties, Persons, Wares, Merchandise, Ships, Freights, Mariners, Commerce, Navigation. —And as it has been agreed, as is above-mentioned, concerning the rates of duties, so it is ordained, as a general rule between their Majesties, that all and every one of their subjects shall, in all lands and places subject to the command of their respective Majesties, use and enjoy at least the same privileges, liberties, and immunities concerning all imposts or duties whatsoever which relate to persons, wares, merchandise, ships, freighting, mariners, navigation, and commerce, and enjoy the same favour in all things (as well in the Courts of justice as in all those things which relate to trade, or any other right whatsoever), as the most favoured nation uses and enjoys, or may use and enjoy for the future, as is explained more at large in Article XXXVIII. of the Treaty of 1867, which is specially inserted in the foregoing article. (Article II.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. Decembee 14, 1715. Commerce and Navigation. —Continued in force pending negotiation of a new treaty of commerce, by additional article of the 28th August, 1814. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects : Rights, Privileges, Franchises, Fxemptions, and Immunities, Wool and other Merchandise. — The said subjects shall enjoy all the rights, privileges, franchises, exemptions, and immunities whatsoever which they enjoyed before the last war, by virtue of the Royal cedulas or ordinances, and by the articles of the Treaty of Peace and Commerce made at Madrid in 1667, which is fully confirmed here ; and the said subjects shall be used in Spain in the same manner as the most favoured nation, and consequently all nations shall pay the same duties on wool and other merchandise which shall be

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brought into or carried out of these kingdoms by land as the said subjects pay on the same goods which they shall import or export by sea ; and all the rights, privileges, franchises, exemptions, and immunities which shall be granted or permitted to any nation whatever, shall likewise be granted and permitted to the said subjects ; the same shall be granted, observed, and permitted to the subjects of Spain in the kingdoms of His Britannic Majesty. (Article V.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. October 5, 1750. Commerce and Navigation. —Continued in force pending negotiations of a new treaty of commerce, by additional article of the 28th August, 1814. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Sights, Privileges, 'Franchises, Exemptions, and Immunities. —His Catholic Majesty does hereby allow and consent that the said British subjects shall enjoy all those rights, privileges, franchises, exemptions, and immunities which they did enjoy before the last war, by virtue and in consequence of the schedules or the Royal ordinances that were made thereupon, and agreeable to tho Treaty of Peace and Commerce that has been made at Madrid in the year 1067. (Article VII.) Wools and Merchandises. — And that the said subjects shall be treated in Spain in the same manner as those of the most favoured nation, and that, consequently, no nation whatever shall pay less duties for the wools and other merchandises that are brought or carried away by them from the kingdoms of Spain by land, than the said subjects shall pay for the same merchandises that they shall import or export by sea. (Article VII.) Sights, Privileges, Franchises, Exemptions, and Immunities. —And that all the rights, privileges, franchises, exemptions, and immunities that are or shall be granted or allowed to any other nation shall be likewise granted and allowed to the said British subjects; and His Britannic Majesty does hereby consent that the same be granted and allowed to the subjects of Spain in His Britannic Majesty's kingdom. (Article VII.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. July 5, 1814. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Trade, Spanish American Possessions. —In the event of the commerce of the Spanish American possessions being opened to foreign nations, His Catholic Majesty promises that Great Britain shall be admitted to trade with those possessions as the most favoured nation. (Article IV.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. August 28, 1814. Commerce and Navigation. —No time fixed. Most-faToured-Nation Treatment. All Treaties of Commerce confirmed. —It is agreed that, pending the negotiation of a new treaty of commerce, Great Britain shall be admitted to trade with Spain upon the same conditions as those which existed previously to the year 1796 ; all the treaties of commerce which at that period subsisted between the two nations being hereby ratified and confirmed. (Article I.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British Colonies. SWEDEN AND NORWAY.—March .18, 1826. Commerce and Navigation. —These stipulations in favour of British commerce shall remain in force during the continuance of the present Convention, and as far as the Act of Parliament of the sth July, 1825, shall continue to grant to the navigation and commerce of Sweden equivalentfaciliti.es of the same nature. (Article X.) The present Convention shall be in force for the term of ten years from the date hereof, and, further, until the end of twelve months after either of the High Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same, each of the High Contracting Patties reserving to itself the right of giving such notice to the other at the end of the said term of ten years; and it is hereby agreed between them that, at the expiration of twelve months after such notice shall have been received by either Party from the other, this Convention and all the provisions thereof shall altogether cease and determine. (Article XII.) Most-faToured-Nation Treatment. Import Dudes: Produce and Manufactures. —The High Contracting Parties engage that all articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of their respective dominions shall be subject to no higher duties upon their admission from the one country into the other than are paid by the like articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article IX.)

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Prohibitions : Imports, Escorts.— And that no prohibition or restraint shall be imposed upon the importation into the one country from the other, or upon the exportation from the one country to the other, of any such articles the growth, produce,, or manufacture of either of the- said States, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. (Article IX.) Trade and Navigation.— And, generally, that in all matters and regulations of trade and navigation each of the High Contracting Parties will treat the other upon the footing of the most favoured nation. (Article IX.) If applicable to British Colonies. Ships and Cargoes, Subjects.— From and after the date of the present Convention, British ships shall be allowed to proceed direct from any port of His Britannic Majesty's dominions to any colony of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway not in Europe, and to import into such colony any goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United Kingdom, or of any of the British dominions, not being such m,ods as are prohibited to be imported into such colony, or as are admitted only irom the dominions of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway; and such British ships, and such "oods so imported in them, shall be liable in such colony of His Majesty the King ot Sweden and Norway to no higher or other charges than would be there payable on Swedish or Norwegian ships importing the like sorts of goods, or payable on the like goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of any foreign country allowed to be imported into the said colony in Swedish or Norwegian ships : And from and after the same date Swedish and Norwegian vessels shall be allowed to proceed direct from any ports of the dominions of His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway to any colony of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (other than those in the possession of the East India Company), and to import into such colony any goods the growth, produce, or manufacture of the ■Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway, or of any of their dominions, not being such goods as are prohibited to be imported into such colony, or as are admitted only from the dominions of His Britannic Majesty ; and such Swedish and Norwegian vessels, and such goods so imported in them, shall be liable m such colony of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (other than those in the possession of the East India Company) to no other or higher charges than would be there payable on British vessels importing the like sort of goods, or payable on the like goods the growth, produce, or pianuiacture of any foreign country allowed to be imported into the said colony in British ships. (Article VI.) In respect to the commerce to be carried on in vessels of Sweden or Norway with the British Dominions in the East Indies, or now held by the East India Company in virtue of their charter, His Britannic Majesty consents to grant the same facilities and privileges in all respects to the subjects of His Swedish Majesty as are or may be enjoyed under any treaty or Act of Parliament by the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation, subject to the laws, rules, regulations, and restrictions which are or may be applicable to the ships and subjects of any other foreign country enjoying the like facilities and privileges of trading with the said dominions. (Article VIII.) Import Duties, Sfc. —See Article IX. Subjects, Imports, to British " territories." (Articles I. and IX.) SWISS CONFEDERATION.— September G, 1855. Commerce, Residence.—The present treaty shall continue in force for ten years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications (March 6, 1856) thereof, and, further, until the end of twelve months after either°of the two Contracting Parties shall have given notice to the other of its intention to terminate the same ; each of the Contracting Parties being at liberty to give such notice to the other at the end of the said term of ten years, or at any time afterwards. (Article XI.) Most-favourod-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Residence.—The subjects of Her Britannic Majesty shall be admitted to reside in each of the Swiss Cantons on the same conditions and on the same footing as citizens of the other Swiss Cantons. In the same manner, Swiss citizens shall be admitted to reside in all the territories of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on the same conditions and on the same footing as British subjects. Consequently, the subjects and citizens of either of the two Contracting Parties shall, provided they conform to the laws of the country, be at liberty, with their families, to enter, establish themselves, reside, and remain in any part of the territories of the other. (Article I.) Rouses and Warehouses, Possessions, Business, Trades, Brokers and Agents.— They may hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purpose of res;dence and commerce, and may exercise, conformably to the laws of the county, any profession or business, or carry on trade in articles of lawful commerce by wholesa'e or retail, and may conduct such trade either in person or by any brokera or agents whom they may think fit to employ, provided such brokers or agents^ shall themselves also fulfil the conditions necessary for being admitted to reside in the country. (Article I.) Taxes, Charges, Sjc— They shall not be subject to any taxes, charges, or conditions, in respect of residence, establishment, passports, licenses to reside, establish themselves, or to trade, or in respect of permission to exercise their profession, business, trade, or occupation, greater or more onerous than those which are or may be imposed upon the subjects or citizens of the country in which they reside.— (Article I.) . . . Rights, Privileges, and Exemptions.— And they shall, in these respects, enjoy every right, privilege, and exemption which is or may be accorded to subjects or citizens of the country, or to subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. (Article I.) Subjects: Property. —The subjects and citizens of either of the two Contracting Parties m the territories of the other shall be at full liberty to acquire, possess, and dispose of, whether by purchase, sale, donation, exchange, marriage, testament, succession ab intestato, or in any other manner whatever, every description of property which the laws of the country may permit any foreigners, of whatsoever nation, to hold. Their heirs and representatives may succeed to, and take possession of, such property,

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either in person or by agents acting on their behalf, in the ordinary form of law, in the same manner as subjects or citizens of the country; and in the absence of such heirs and representatives the property shall be treated in the same manner as the like property belonging to a subject or citizen of the country under similar circumstances. (Article IV.) Property : Duties, Taxes, Imposts, (Marges. —No other or higher duty, tax, impost, or charge, either in time of peace or in time of war, shall, under any circumstances, be imposed or levied upon, or in respect of, any property held by a subject or citizen of one of the two Contracting Parties in the territories of the other, than is or may be imposed or levied upon, or in respect of, the like property belonging to a subject or citizen of the country, or to a subject or citizen of the most favoured nation. Subjects : Taxes and Demands. —Nor shall any other tax or demand whatever be imposed or levied upon a subject or citizen of either of the Contracting Parties in the territories of the other Contracting Party other or higher than is or may be imposed or levied upon a subject or citizen of the country, or upon a subject or citizen of the most favoured nation. (Article VI.) Consuls. —lt shall be free for each of the two Contracting Parties to appoint Consuls to reside in the territories of the other Party; but before any Consul shall act as such, he shall, in the usual form, be approved and admitted by the Government to which he is sent; and either of the Contracting Parties may except from the residence of Consuls such particular places as either of them may judge fit to be excepted. The Consuls of each of the Contracting Parties in the dominions of the other shall enjoy whatever privileges, exemptions, and immunities are or shall be granted there to Consuls of the most favoured nation. (Article VII.) Subjects : Imports, Warehousing, Transit, Exports. —ln all that relates to the importation into, the warehousing in, the transit through, and the exportation from, their respective territories, of any article of lawful commerce, the two Contracting Parties engage that their respective subjects and citizens shall be placed upon the same footing as subjects and citizens of the country, or as the subjects and citizens of the most favoured nation, in any case where the latter may enjoy an exceptional advantage not granted to natives. (Article VIII.) Neither of the two Contracting Parties shall impose upon the importation, warehousing, transit, or exportation of any article, the growth, produce, or manufacture of the territories of the other, any other or higher duty than that which is or may be imposed upon the like article, being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article IX.) Favours : Commerce. —The two Contracting Parties further engage that any favour in matters of commerce which either of them may hereafter grant to any third Power, shall be also and at the same time extended to the other Contracting Party. (Article X.) TUNlS.—Octobee 10, 1863. Commerce, Sfc. —'No time fixed. Most-fa voured-Nation Treatment. Property. —British subjects holding immovable property in the Regency of Tunis shall, in conforming to the local laws and regulations, exercise and enjoy the same immunities, privileges, and rights that are accorded to Tunisian proprietors; and for that purpose the right of British subjects to hold immovable property being derived from the enactments founded upon the organic laws (Aad-el-Aman~) the said enactments are hereby confirmed; and their observance being considered necessary for the more efficient protection of the immovable property held as afore-stated, it has been further agreed that they shall be maintained, as a greater security for the due performance of the conditions of the present Convention. And they shall be furthermore entitled to all the immunities, privileges, and exemptions accorded, or to be hereafter accorded, to the subjects or citizens of the most favoured nation. (Article XVII.) July 19, 1875. Commerce and Navigation. —In order that the two Contracting Parties may have the opportunity of hereafter treating and agreeing upon such other arrangements as may tend still further to the improvement of their mutual intercourse, and to the advancement of the interests of their respective people, it is agreed that at any time after the expiration of seven years from the date of the present Convention of Commerce and Navigation either of the Contracting Parties shall have the right to call upon the other to enter upon a revision of the same ; but until such revision shall have been accomplished by common consent, and a new Convention shall have been concluded and put into operation, the present Convention shall continue and remain in full force and effect. (Article XL.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Diplomatic Agents and Consuls. —Every mark of honor and respect shall at all times be paid, and every privilege and immunity allowed, to Her Majesty's Agent and Consul-General accredited to His Highness the Bey which is paid or allowed to the representative of any other nation whatsoever ; aod respect and honor shall be shown to the British Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents, who shall reside in the Regency of Tunis. Their houses and families shall be safe and protected. No one shall interfere with them, or commit any act of oppression or disrespect towards them, either by word or deed; and if any one should do so the Tunisian authorities shall take immediate measures for the punishment of the offender. The British Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents shall, moreover, continue to enjoy, in the most ample sense, all the privileges and immunities which are now or may be hereafter accorded to the Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents of the most favoured nation. (Article II.) Subjects: Vessels, Commerce, Navigation, Privileges, Favours, Immigration. —ln accordance with the friendship which has at all times existed between the two Governments, His Highness the Bey engages to protect British subjects who may come to his country either for the purposes of trade or

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for travelling. They shall be free to travel or to reside in any part of the regency without hindrance or molestation; and they shall be treated with respect, love, and honor. They shall be exempt from forced military service, whether by land or by sea; from forced loans, and from every extraordinary contribution. Their dwellings and warehouses destined for the purposes of residence and commerce, as well as their property, both real and personal, of every kind, shall be respected, and, in particular, all the stipulations of the Convention concluded between Her Majesty's Government and His Highness the Bey on the 10th of October, ISC3, relative to the permission granted to British subjects to hold real property in the llegency of Tunis, are hereby confirmed. And British subjects, vessels, commerce, and navigation shall enjoy, without any restriction or diminution, all the privileges, favours, and immunities which are now or may hereafter be granted to the subjects, vessels, commerce, and navigation of any other nation whatever. Her Britannic Majesty, on her part, engages to insure to Tunisian subjects, vessels, commerce, and navigation within her dominions, the enjoyment of the same protection and privileges which are or may be enjoyed by the subjects, vessels, commerce, and navigation of the most favoured nation. (Article V.) Import Duties : Produce and Manufactures. —And it is, moreover, agreed that no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation of any article the produce or manufacture of one of the Contracting Parties into the country of the other, which shall not equally extend to the like articles being the produce or manufacture of any other country. (Article VII.) Internal Trade. —lf British merchants or their agents in the Uegency of Tunis should purchase any article of Tunisian produce or manufacture for internal consumption, the said merchants or their agents shall not pay, on the purchase and sale of such articles, any higher duties or charges than are paid, under similar circumstances, by the most favoured class of Tunisians or foreigners engaged in the internal trade of the liegency of Tunis. In like manner Tunisian merchants, or their agents, in the British dominions shall not pay on the purchase and sale of British produce or manufactures, for internal consumption in the said dominions, higher duties or charges than are paid by British subjects or the most favoured foreigners engaged in the internal trade of the said dominions, upon similar articles of produce or manufacture. (Article X.) Harbours : Pilotage, Lighthouse, Quarantine, and Local Dues. —No harbour, pilotage, lighthouse, or quarantine dues, or other local dues, shall be levied upon British vessels which are not imposed upon Tunisian vessels, or upon the vessels of the most favoured nation. If a British vessel shall enter a Tunisian port from stress of weather and depart, it shall not be subject to the payment of the aforesaid dues, but shall pay only the fee to the pilot, should a pilot be required. Should such vessel, however, visit a Tunisian port for the purpose of procuring water and of purchasing provisions, it shall pay only a portion, not exceeding half, of the harbour, pilotage, lighthouse, and quarantine or other local dues payable at the said port. In like manner Tunisian vessels which shall visit any of the ports of Her Majesty's dominions shall pay only the harbour, quarantine, and other dues which are levied upon British vessels. (Article XVIII) Wrecks : Stolen Property. —Should, however (which G-od forbid), the crew, or any portion of the crew, of a wrecked or stranded British vessel be murdered by the natives, or its cargo, or any part of its cargo or contents be stolen by them, the Tunisian Grovernment binds itself to take the most prompt and energetic measures for seizing the marauders or robbers, in order to proceed to their severe punishment. It, moreover, engages to make the most diligent search for the recovery and restitution of the stolen property; and whatever compensation for the damage done to individuals or to their effects, under similar circumstances, is granted, or may hereafter be granted, to the subjects of the most favoured nation, or the equivalent of it, shall be also accorded to the subjects of the Queen of Great Britain. (Article XXXI.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects : Commerce, Sfc. —Applicable to the British "dominions." (Article V.) Coasting Trade. —Vessels navigating under the British flag, and vessels navigating under the Tunisian flag, shall be free to carry on the coasting trade in the States and dominions of the Contracting Parties. They shall enjoy the same rights and immunities as are enjoyed by national vessels, and they shall be free either to land a portion of their cargoes, or to embark goods, foreign or native, to complete their cargoes, in each other's ports, without being obliged in each case to procure any special license from the local authorities, or to pay any charges and dues that are not paid by national vessels. The stipulations of this article shall, however, as regards the colonial coasting trade, be deemed to extend only to the coasting trade of such of the colonial possessions of Her Britannic Majesty as, under the provisions of the Act relating thereto, may have opened their coasting trade to foreign vessels. (Article VIII.) TUBKEY.— Apeil 29, 1861. Commerce and Navigation. —The present treaty, when ratified, shall be substituted for the Convention concluded between the two High Contracting Parties on the 16th August, 1838, and shall remain in force for twenty-eight years from the day of the exchange of the ratifications (July 9,1861) ; each of the High Contracting Parties being, however, at liberty to give to the other, at the end of fourteen years (that time being fixed, as the provisions of this treaty will then have come into full force), notice for its revision, or for its determination at the expiration of a year from the date of that notice, and so again at the end of twenty-one years. The present treaty shall receive its execution in all and every one of the provinces of the Ottoman Empire—that is to say, in all the possessions of His Imperial Majesty the Sultan situated in Europe or in Asia, in Egypt and in the other parts of Africa belonging to the Sublime Porte, in Servia, and in the United Principalities of Moldavia and "Wallachia. The Sublime Porte declares that she is ready to grant to other foreign Powers, who may seek to obtain them, the commercial advantages contained in the stipulations of the present treaty. (Article XX.)

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The High Contracting Parties have agreed to appoint, jointly, Commissioners for the settlement of a tariff of Customhouse duties, to be levied in conformity with the stipulations of the present treaty, as well upon merchandise of every description being the produce or manufacture of the "British dominions and possessions imported into the Sultan's dominions and possessions, as upon articles of every description the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of the Sultan, which British subjects or their agents are free to purchase in any part of the Ottoman dominions and possessions for exportation to Great Britain or to any other country. The new tariff to be so concluded shall remain in force during seven years, dating from the Ist October, 1861. Each of the Contracting Parties shall have the right, a year before the expiration of that term, to demand the revision of the tariff; but if, during the seventh year, neither the one nor the other of the Contracting Parties shall avail itself of this right, the tariff then existing shall continue to have the force of law for seven more years, dating from the day of the expiration of the seven preceding years, and the same shall be the case with respect to every successive period of seven years. (Article XXII.) Moafc-faTOurcd-Mtion Treatment. Subjects and Ships, Commerce and Navigation : Hights, Privileges, Immunities. —All rights, privileges, and immunities which have been conferred on the subjects or ships of Great Britain by the existing capitulations and treaties are confirmed now aud for ever, with the exception of those clauses of the said capitulations which it is the object of the present treaty to modify; and it is, moreover, expressly stipulated that all rights, privileges, or immunities which the Sublime Porte now grants or may hereafter grant to, or suffer to be enjoyed by, the subjects, ships, commerce, or navigation of any other foreign Power, shall be equally granted to, and exercised and enjoyed by, the subjects, ships, commerce, and navigation of Great Britain. (Article I.) Internal Trade. —lf any article of Turkish produce or manufacture be purchased by British merchants or their agents, for the purpose of selling the same for internal consumption in Turkey, the said British merchants or their agents shall pay, at the purchase and sale of such articles, and in any manner of trade therein, the same duties that are paid in similar circumstances by the most favoured class of Ottoman subjects, or of foreigners engaged in the internal trade of Turkey. (Article III.) Export Unties. —No other or higher duties or charges shall be imposed in the dominions and possessions of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any article to the dominions and possessions of the other, than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like article to any other foreign country. (Article IV.) Prohibitions : Exports. —Nor shall any prohibition be imposed on the exportation of any article from the dominions and possessions of either of the two Contracting Parties to the dominions and possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the exportation of the like article to any other country. (Article IV.) Import Duties: Produce and Manufactures* —No other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majestjr of any article the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of His Imperial Majesty the Sultan, from whatever place arriving, whether by sea or by land, and no other or higher duties shall be imposed on the importation into the dominions and possessions of His Imperial Majesty of any article the produce or manufacture of Her Britannic Majesty's dominions and possessions, from whatever place arriving, than are or may be payable on the like article the produce or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article V.) Prohibitions : Imports.— -Nor shall any prohibition be maintained or imposed on the importation of any article the produce or manufacture of the dominions and possessions of either of the Contracting Parties into the dominions and possessions of the other, which shall not equally extend to the importation of the like articles being the produce or manufacture of any other country. (Article V.) Duties and Charges on Imports. —All articles which are- or may be legally importable into the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty in British vessels may likewise be imported in Ottoman vessels, without being liable to any other or higher duties or charges, of whatever denomination, than if such articles were imported in British vessels ; and, reciprocally, all articles which are or may be legally importable into the dominions and possessions of His Imperial Majesty the Sultan in Ottoman vessels may likewise be imported in British vessels, without being liable to any other or higher duties or charges, of whatever denomination, than if such articles were imported in Ottoman vessels. Such reciprocal quality of treatment shall take effect without distinction, whether such articles come directly from the place of origin or from any other country. (Article VIII.) Duties and Charges on ISxports, Bounties and Drawbacks. —In the same manner there shall be perfect equality of treatment in regard to exportation, so that the same export.duties shall be paid, and the same bounties and drawbacks allowed, in the dominions and possessions of either of the Contracting Parties, on the exportation of any article which is or may be legally exportable therefrom, whether such exportation shall take place in Ottoman or in British vessels, and whatever may be the place of destination, whether a port of either of the Contracting Parties or of any third Power. (Article VIII.) Subjects and Agents: Produce and Manufactures, Taxes, Higlds, Privileges, and Immunities. —Her Britannic Majesty's subjects, or their agents, trading in goods the produce or manufacture of foreign countries, shall be subject to the same taxes and enjoy the same rights, privileges, and immunities as foreign subjects dealing in goods the produce or manufacture of their own country. (Article XIII.) Produce and Manufactures. —All merchandise the produce or manufacture of the Ottoman dominions and possessions, imported into the dominions and possessions of Her Britannic Majesty, shall be treated in the same manner as the like merchandise the produce or manufacture of the most favoured nation. (Article XIX.) Subjects, Ships, Commerce, and Navigation : Bights, Privileges, and Immunities. —All rights, privileges, or immunities which are now or may hereafter be granted to, or suffered to be enjoyed by, the subjects,

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ships, commerce, or navigation of any foreign Power in the British dominions or possessions, shall be equally granted to, and exercised and enjoyed by, the subjects, ships, commerce, and navigation of the Ottoman Porte. (Article XIX.) If applicable to British Colonies. Subjects: Commerce, Import Duties, Sfc. —Applicable to British "dominions and possessions." (Articles 111., V., VIII., XIII., XIX.) UNITED STATES.—JuIy 3, 1815. Commerce and Navigation. —This Convention, when the same shall have been duly ratified by His Britannic Majesty and by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of their Senate, and the respective ratifications mutually exchanged, shall be binding and obligatory on His Majesty and on the said United States for four years from the date of its signature; and the ratifications shall be exchanged in six months f rom this time, or sooner if possible. (Article V.) Continued in force by treaties of the 20th October, 1818, and the 6th August, 1827. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. British Territories in Europe : Ships and Cargoes, Houses and Warehouses. —There shall be between all the territories of His Britannic Majesty in Europe, and the territories of the United States, a reciprocal liberty of commerce. The inhabitants of the two countries respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all such places, ports, and rivers in the territories aforesaid to which other foreigners are permitted to come, to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any parts of the said territories respectively ; also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce ; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each nation respectively shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce; but subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively. (Article I.) Import Duties: Produce and Manufactures. —No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of His Britannic Majesty in Europe of any articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the United States of any article the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, than are or shall be payable on the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article II.) Export Duties. —Nor shall any higher or other duties or charges be imposed in either of the two countries on the exportation of any articles to His Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, or to the United States, respectively, than such as are payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country. (Article II.) Prohibitions : Imports and Exports. —Nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation or ' importation of any articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of the United States, or of His Britannic Majesty's territories in Europe, to or from the said territories of His Britannic Majesty in Europe, or to or from the said United States, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. (Article II.) If applicable to British Colonies. Not applicable to British. Colonies generally. East Indies : Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, and Prince of Wales Island. —His Britannic Majesty agrees that the vessels of the United States of America shall be admitted and hospitably received at the principal settlements of the British dominions in the East Indies, viz., Calcutta, Madras, Bombay, and Prince of Wales Island, and that the citizens of the said United States may freely carry on trade between the said principal settlements and the said United States, in all articles of which the importation and exportation respectively, to and from the said territories, shall not be entirely prohibited: Provided only that it shall not be lawful for them in any time of war, between the British Government and any State or Power whatever, to export from the said territories, without the special permission of the British Government, any military stores, or naval stores, or rice. (Article III.) Vessels and Cargoes : Import and Export Duties. —The citizens of the United States shall pay for their vessels, when admitted, no higher or other duty or charge than shall be payable on the vessels of the most favoured European nations, and they shall pay no higher or other duties or charges on the importation or exportation of the cargoes of the said vessels than shall be paj'able on the same articles when imported or exported in the vessels of the most favoured European nations. But it is expressly agreed that the vessels of the United States shall not carry any articles from the said principal settlements to any port or place, except to some port or place in the" United States of America, where the same shall be unladen. (Article III.) Coasting Trade. —It is also understood that the permission granted by this article is not to extend to allow the vessels of the United States to carry on any part of the coasting trade of the said British territories, but the vessels of the United States having, in the first instance, proceeded to one of the said principal settlements of the British dominions in the East Indies, and then going with their original cargoes, or any part thereof, from one of the said principal settlements to another, shall not be considered as carrying on the coasting trade. (Article III.) Vessels : India, China, Cape of Good Rope, St. Helena, British Possessions in Africa or Indian Seas. —The vessels of the United States may also touch for refreshment, but not for commerce, in the course of their voyage to or from the British territories in India, or to or from the dominions of the Emperor of China, at the Cape of Good Hope, the Island of St. Helena, or such other places as may be in the possession of Great Britain in the African or Indian Seas ; it being well understood that in all that regards this article the citizens of the United States shall be subject, in all respects, to the laws and regulations of the British Government from time to time established. (Article III.) 5—A. 3.

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West Indies and North America.- —The intercourse between the United States and His Britannic Majesty's possessions in the West Indies, and on the Continent of North America, shall not be affected by any of the provisions of this article, but each Party shall remain in the complete possession of its rights with respect to such an intercourse. (Article II.) October 20, 1818. Commerce and Navigation.- —All the provisions of the Convention "to regulate the commerce between the territories of His Britannic Majesty and of the United States," concluded at London on the 3rd July, in the year of our Lord 1815, with the exception of the clause which limited its duration to four years, and excepting also so far as the same was affected by the declaration of His Majesty respecting the Island of St. Helena, are hereby extended and continued in force for the term of ten years from the date of the signature of the present Convention, in the same manner as if all the provisions of the said Convention were herein specially recited. (Article IV.) August 6, 1827. Commerce and Navigation. —All the provisions of the Convention concluded between his Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the United States of America, on the 3rd July, 1815, and further continued for the term of ten years by Article IV. of the Convention of the 20th October, 1818, with the exception therein contained as to St. Helena, axe hereby further indefinitely, and without the said exception, extended and continued in force, from the date of the expiration of the said ten years, in the same manner as if all the provisions of the said Convention of the 3rd July, 1815, were herein specifically recited. (Article I.) It shall be competent, however, to either of the Contracting Parties, in case either should think fit, at any time after the expiration of the said ten years—that is, after the 20th October, 1828—on giving due notice of twelve months to the other Contracting Party, to annul and abrogate this Convention ; and it shall, in such case, be accordingly entirely annulled and abrogated after the expiration of the said term of notice. (Article II.) VENEZUELA.—ApriI 18, 1825. Commerce and Navigation. —And forasmuch as it would be convenient and useful for the purpose of facilitating the mutual good understanding between the two Contracting Parties, and for avoiding all difficulties henceforward, that other articles should be proposed and added to the present treaty, which articles, both from a want of due time for their consideration, as well as from the pressure of circumstances, cannot at present be drawn up with required perfection, it has been and is agreed, on the part of both Powers, that they will, with the least possible delay, come forward to treat and agree upon such articles as may be wanting to this treaty, and deemed mutually beneficial; and which articles, when they shall be agreed upon and shall be duly ratified, shall form part of the present Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation. (Article XIV.) Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Subjects: Ships and Cargoes, Souses and Warehouses. —There shall be between all the territories of His Britannic Majesty in Europe and the territories of Colombia, a reciprocal freedom of commerce. The subjects and citizens of the two countries respectively shall have liberty freely and securely to come, with their ships and cargoes, to all such places, ports, and rivers in the territories aforesaid, to which other foreigners are or may be permitted to come, to enter into the same, and to remain and reside in any part of the said territories respectively ; also to hire and occupy houses and warehouses for the purposes of their commerce; and, generally, the merchants and traders of each nation respectively shall enjoy the most complete protection and security for their commerce, subject always to the laws and statutes of the two countries respectively. (Article II.) His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland engages further that the citizens of Colombia shall have the like liberty of commerce and navigation stipulated for in the preceding article, in all his dominions situated out of Europe, to the full extent in which the same is permitted at present, or shall be permitted hereafter, to any other nation. (Article III.) Import Duties : Growth, Produce, and Manufacture. —No higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of His Britannic Majesty of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of Colombia, and no higher or other duties shall be imposed on the importation into the territories of Colombia of any articles of the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, than are or shall be payable on the like articles being the growth, produce, or manufacture of any other foreign country. (Article IV.) Export Duties. —Nor shall any other or higher duties or charges be imposed in the territories or dominions of either of the Contracting Parties on the exportation of any articles to the territories or dominions of the other than such as are or may be payable on the exportation of the like articles to any other foreign country. (Article IV.) Prohibitions : Imports and Exports. —Nor shall any prohibition be imposed upon the exportation or importation of any articles the growth, produce, or manufacture of His Britannic Majesty's dominions, or of the said territories of Colombia, to or from the said dominions of His Britannic Majesty, or to or from the said territories of Colombia, which shall not equally extend to all other nations. (Article IV.) Lading and Unlading of Ships, Safety of Merchandise, Goods, and Effects, Property, Justice, Eights, Privileges, and Liberties. —In whatever relates to the lading and unlading of ships, the safety of merchandise, goods, and effects, the succession to personal estates, and the disposal of personal property of every sort and denomination, by sale, donation, exchange, or testament, or in any other manner whatsoever, as also the administration of justice, the subjects and citizens of the two Contracting Parties shall enjoy, in their respective dominions and territories, the same privileges, liberties, and

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rights as the most favoured nation, and shall not be charged, in any of these respects, with any higher imposts or duties than those which are paid, or may be paid, by the native subjects or citizens of the Power in whose dominions or territories they may be resident. (Article IX.) If applicable to British Colonies. Ships, Cargoes, Import Duties, Sfc. —Applicable to " all the British dominions situated out of Europe." (Articles 111 and IV.) Octobee 29, 1834. No time fixed. Most-favoured-Nation Treatment. Whereas a Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation, consisting of fifteen articles, was concluded between His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the State of Colombia, which said treaty, together with an additional article thereto, was signed at Bogota on the 18th day of April, 1825 : His Majesty the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the State of Venezuela, the independence of which State is hereby acknowledged, recognized, and declared by his said Majesty, mutually agree to adopt and confirm, as effectually as if the same were inserted word, for word herein, the several articles and provisions of the aforesaid treaty concluded between His said Majesty and the State of Colombia, together with the aforesaid additional article thereto ; and that all the matters and things contained in such treaty and additional article shall, mutatis mutandis, from and after the conclusion of the present Convention, be applied to the High Contracting Parties, their subjects and citizens, as effectually as if they were recited word for word herein ; confirming and approving hereby all matters and things done or to be done, by their respective subjects and citizens, under the aforesaid treaty, and in execution thereof. (Article I.) ZANZIBAE {see Muscat). ZOLLVEREIN {see Prussia). SEEVIA.—Maech 17, 1879. Commerce. —The present provisional arrangement shall remain in force until the conclusion of a definitive treaty of commerce; but in any case it shall cease to have effect on the Ist [3rd] May, 1880. Most-fayoured-Nation Treatment. Import, Export, and Transit Duties, Re-exportation, Brokerage, Goods in Bond, Local Dues, Customhouse Formalities. —The products of British origin or manufacture which shall be imported into the Principality of Servia, and the products of Servian origin or manufacture which shall be imported into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the British Colonies, shall be respectively subject to, as regards import, export, and transit duties, as regards re-exportation, brokerage, goods in bond, and local dues, and also as regards Customhouse formalities, the same treatment as the products of the nation the most favoured. If applicable to British Colonies. Applicable to British Colonies. Foreign Office, 31st July, 1879. -

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