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(3) A person for whom no such occupation can be indicated should receive invalidity benefit. (4) Beneficiaries whose permanent inability to engage regularly in any gainful occupation has been confirmed should be allowed to supplement their invalidity benefit by casual earnings of small amount. (5) Where the rate of invalidity benefit is related to the rate of the previous earnings of the insured person, the right to benefit should be admitted if the handicapped person is not able to earn by ordinary effort as much as one third of the normal earnings in his previous occupation of able-bodied persons having the same training. (6) Invalidity benefit should be paid, from the date when sickness benefit ceases, for the whole duration of invalidity, provided that when the beneficiary reaches the age at which old-age benefit may be claimed the latter may be substituted for invalidity benefit. Old Age 12. The contingency for which old-age benefit should be paid is the attainment of a proscribed age, which should be that at which persons commonly become incapable of efficient work, the incidence of sickness and invalidity becomes heavy, and unemployment, if present, is likely to be permanent. (1) The minimum age at which old-age benefit may be claimed should be fixed at not more than 65 in the case of men and 60 in the case of women : Provided that a lower age may be fixed for persons who have worked for many years in arduous or unhealthy occupations. (2) Payment of old-age benefit may, if the basic benefit can be considered sufficient for subsistence, be made conditional on retirement from regular work in any gainful occupation ; where such retirement is required, the receipt of casual earnings of relatively small amount should not disqualify for old-age benefit. Death of Breadwinner 13. The contingency for which survivors' benefits should be paid is the loss of support presumably suffered by the dependants as the result of the death of the head of the family. (1) Survivors' benefits should be paid : (a) to the widow of an insured man ; (b) for the children, stepchildren, adopted children and, subject to their previous registration as dependants, illegitimate children of an insured man or of an insured woman who supported the children ; and, (c) under conditions to be defined by national laws, to an unmarried woman with whom the deceased cohabited. (2) Widow's benefit should be paid to a widow who has in her care a child for whom child's benefit is payable or who, at her husband's death or later, is an invalid or has attained the minimum age at which old-age benefit may be claimed ; a widow who does not fulfil one of these conditions should be paid widow's benefit for a minimum period of several months, and thereafter if she is unemployed until suitable employment can be offered to her, after training if necessary. (3) Child's benefit should be paid for a child who is under the school-leaving age, or who is under the age of 18 and is continuing his general or vocational education. Unemployment 14. The contingency for which unemployment benefit should be paid is loss of earnings duo to the unemployment of an insured person who is ordinarily employed, capable of regular employment in some occupation, and seeking suitable employment, or due to part-time unemployment. (1) Benefit need not be paid for the first few days of a period of unemployment reckoned from the date on which the claim is registered, but if unemployment recurs within a few months, a fresh waiting period should not be imposed. (2) Benefit should continue to be paid until suitable employment is offered to the insured person. (3) During an initial period reasonable in the circumstances of the case, only the following should be deemed to be suitable employment: — (a) Employment in the usual occupation of the insured person in a place not involving a change of residence and at the current rate of wages, as fixed by collective agreements where applicable; or (b) Another employment acceptable to the insured person. (4) After the expiration of the initial period (а) Employment involving a change of occupation may be deemed to be suitable if the employment offered is one which may reasonably be offered to the insured person, having regard to his strength, ability, previous experience and any facilities for training available to him ; (б) Employment involving a change of residence may be deemed to be suitable if suitable accommodation is 'available in the new place of residence ; (c) Employment under conditions less favourable than the insured person habitually obtained in his usual occupation and district may be deemed to be suitable if the conditions offered conform to the standard generally observed in the occupation and district in which the employment is offered. Emergency Expenses 15. Benefits should be provided in respect of extraordinary expenses not otherwise covered, incurred in cases of sickness, maternity, invalidity and death. (1) Necessary domestic help should bo provided, or benefit paid for hiring it, during the hospitalization of the mother of dependent children, if she is an insured woman or the wife of an insured man and is not receiving any benefit in lieu of earnings. (2) A lump sum should be paid at childbirth to insured women and the wives of insured men towards the cost of a layette and similar expenses. (3) A special supplement should be paid to recipients of invalidity or old-age benefit who need constant attendance. (4) A lump sum should be paid on the death of an insured person, or of the wife, husband or dependent child of an insured person, towards the cost of burial.

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