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14. The contingency for which unemployment benefits should be paid is loss of earnings due to the unemployment of an insured person who is ordinarily employed, capable of regular employment in some occupation, and seeking suitable employment, or due to part-time unemployment. 15. Benefits should be provided in respect of extraordinary expenses, not otherwise covered, incurred in cases of sickness, maternity, invalidity and death. 16. The contingency for which compensation for an employment injury should be paid is traumatic injury or disease resulting from employment and not brought about deliberately or by the serious and wilful misconduct of the victim, which results in temporary or permanent incapacity or death. 17. Social insurance should afford protection, in the contingencies to which they are exposed, to all employed and self-employed persons, together with their dependants, in respect of whom it is practicable— (a) To collect contributions without incurring disproportionate administrative expenditure ; and (b) To pay benefits with the necessary co-operation of medical and employment services and with duo precautions against abuse. 18. The employer should be made responsible for collecting contributions in respect of all persons employed by him, and should be entitled to deduct the sums due by them from their remuneration at the time when it is paid. 19. In order to facilitate the efficient administration of benefits, arrangements should be made for the keeping of records of contributions, for ready means of verifying the presence of the contingencies which give rise to benefits, and for a parallel organization of medical and employment services with preventive and remedial functions. 20. Persons employed for remuneration should be insured against the whole range of contingencies covered by social insurance as soon as the collection of contributions in respect of them can be organized and the necessary arrangements can be made for the administration of benefit. 21. Self-employed persons should be insured against the contingencies of invalidity, old age and death, under the same conditions as employed persons as soon as the collection of their contributions can be organized. Consideration should be given to the possibility of insuring them also against sickness and maternity necessitating hospitalization, sickness which has lasted for several months, and extraordinary expenses incurred in cases of sickness, maternity, invalidity and death. 22. Benefits should replace lost earnings, with due regard to family responsibilities, up to as high a level as is practicable without impairing the will to resume work where resumption is a possibility, and without levying charges on the productive groups so heavy that output and employment are checked. 23. Benefits should be related to the previous earnings of the insured person on the basis of which he has contributed : Provided that any excess of earnings over those prevalent among skilled workers may be ignored for the purpose of determining the rate of benefits, or portions thereof, financed from sources other than the contributions of the insured person. 24. Benefits at flat rates may be appropriate for countries where adequate and economical facilities exist for the population to procure additional protection by voluntary insurance. Such benefits should be commensurate with the earnings of unskilled workers. 25. The right to benefits other than compensation for employment injuries should be subject to contribution conditions designed to prove that the normal status of the claimant is that of an employed or self-employed person and to maintain reasonable regularity in the payment of contributions : Provided that a person should not be disqualified for benefits by reason of the failure of his employer duly to collect the contributions payable in respect of him. 26. The cost of benefits, including the cost of administration, should be distributed among insured persons, employers and taxpayers in such a way as to be equitable to insured persons and to avoid hardship to insured persons of small means or any disturbance to production. 27. The administration of social insurance should be unified or co-ordinated within a general system of social security services, and contributors should, through their organizations, be represented on the bodies which determine or advise upon administrative policy and propose legislation or frame regulations. Social Assistance 28. Society should normally co-operate with parents through general measures of assistance designed to secure the well-being of dependent children. 29. Invalids, aged persons and widows who are not receiving social insurance benefits because they or their husbands, as the case may be, were not compulsorily insured, and whose incomes do not exceed a prescribed level, should be entitled to special maintenance allowances at prescribed rates. 30. Appropriate allowances in cash or partly in cash and partly in kind should be provided for all persons who are in want and do not require internment for corrective care. ANNEX Guiding Principles accompanied by Suggestions por Application (The paragraphs in bold type are the general guiding principles and the subparagraphs are the suggestions for application)^) General 1. Income security schemes should relievo want and prevent destitution by restoring, up to a reasonable level, income which is lost by reason of inability to work (including old age) or to obtain remunerative work or by reason of the death of a breadwinner.

(!) In this reprint of the authentic texts, the same type has been used for the general guiding principles and the suggestions for application. The main paragraphs are the general guiding principles, and the subparagraphs are the suggestions for application.

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