PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1943-44 ALSO OPERATIONS OF THE OFFENDERS PROBATION ACT (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1943-44

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1944 Session I, H-20

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1944 NEW ZEALAND

PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1943-44 ALSO OPERATIONS OF THE OFFENDERS PROBATION ACT (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1943-44

Presented to both Homes of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency

The Hon. the Minister of Justice to His Excellency the Governor-General. Wellington, 25th July, 1944. I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the report of the Controller-General on the prisons and Borstal institutions of the Dominion for the year 1943-44. I have, &c., H. G. R. Mason, Minister of Justice.

The Controller-General of Prisons to the Hon. the Minister of Justice 1 have the honour to present the annual report of the Prisons Department for the financial year ended 31st March, 1944, showing also the criminal statistics for the calendar year ending 31st December, 1943. The report, on account of the present necessity for economy of paper, is substantially abridged. There are fourteen penal establishments in the Dominion and it is usual to append the report of each Controlling Officer. Since the outbreak of war these have been omitted, but as these reports give an illuminating word picture of the methods and activities of the Department in dealing with the various classes of offenders I have felt constrained to select three representative reports—viz., that of the Superintendent of the Mount Eden Prison, that of the Superintendent of the Paparua Reformatory Prison, and that of the Superintendent of the Invercargill Borstal. These reports are annexed hereto. The reports that are omitted are hardly less interesting than those published, and. several touch on features unique to the institution to which they relate. For example, the Superintendent at New Plymouth refers to the fact that the inmates, by giving public concerts, raised over £500 last year for patriotic purposes. Reference is also made by him to the careful medical and psychological attention given to all inmates by the Medical Officer. The Superintendent of the Point Halswell Borstal makes reference to special difficulties arising from war conditions, and others to their efforts to increase production. Dealing with the work of the Department generally, despite the serious shortage of staff and the shortage of certain materials essential to the works of the Department, the standard of efficiency has been well maintained. In the matter of foodstuffs the Department is largely self-sustained, but stocks of certain equipment and clothing are low and it has only been by the exercise of the greatest and close attention to repairs that it has been possible to satisfy requirements. The replacement position has now eased slightly and it is hoped that certain outstanding orders, particularly sheeting and clothing materials, will shortly be supplied. The increased industrial activity designed to assist the war effort has been maintained, the credits again constituting a record, the amount paid to Public Account, £99,950, exceeding the previous year by £620. In the achievement of this result the staff and most of the prisoners have enthusiastically co-operated, both on the farms and in the shops. With few exceptions the conduct of prisoners has been good, the refractory ones being confined mainly to military defaulters, a few of whom seem unable to reconcile their illusory philosophies with reality, and in consequence, despite their sincerity in some instances, are a great nuisance potential as a focus of dissension and mischief. It is of interest to note that a number who claim to base their objection to military service on conscientious grounds have no scruples in the matter of deception and trickery designed to circumvent the Prisons Regulations, some not even hesitating to have recourse to the theft of produce and trafficking.

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Statistics The number of distinct persons received into penal establishments during 1943 totalled 3,656, which number is less by 563 than the total received during 1942. There were approximately 600 fewer males committed to prison during 1943 than during the previous year. The number of women committed to prison (293) represents an increase of 30 on the figures for the previous year. This increase, as was the case last year, was mainly due to the greater incidence of prostitution associated with the influx to our cities of armed personnel and to the efforts of the authorities to control the spread of venereal disease. It is satisfactory to note that since these statistics were compiled there has been a noticeable falling off in the number of committals. The ratio of distinct persons to the general population for 1943 was 15-17 per 10,000, as compared with 18-46 for 1942. In making comparisons due allowance must be made for the fact that the general population has fluctuated in consequence of the movement of men overseas, but it is satisfactory to observe that the general downward trend is maintained (1890, 38-61 ; 1910, 32-43 ; 1914, 31-05 ; 1932, 22-9 ; 1935, 13-76 ; 1939, 15-38 ; 1943, 15-17). The daily average in custody for the year 1943 was 1,099, representing an increase of 70 on the average for the previous year. The fact that a number of military defaulters are serving indeterminate sentences tends to keep the daily average static rather than for it to fall, as it normally would, in ratio to the decline in the aggregate number of persons received. The length of sentence also has a direct bearing on the daily average in custody, and, as the following table reveals, there has been a substantial drop in the number of persons sentenced for terms of less than three months, as well as an increase in the number sentenced to terms exceeding one year, both factors tending to raise the daily average.

Length of Sentences

Nature of Offences A. comparison of the nature of offences as classified under three main groupings in the table hereunder is interesting as revealing a decline in the number of " offences against the person " and in the number of " miscellaneous offences." Under this latter heading were included in the totals for 1942 a considerable number of persons involved in industrial disputes. There were no imprisonments under this heading during 1943. The most arresting feature of the table is the steadily mounting total of " offences against property." When it is borne in mind that the facilities for honest employment were abundant and that wages were it is only possible to ascribe the increase in the number of offences of a predatory nature to a growing declension in moral standards. The simple copybook dictum " honesty is the best policy " would seem almost to be an out-moded philosophy not compatible with the acquisitive astuteness of those who comprise this group, many of whom strive to rationalize their predacious acts by self-deluding sophistries that the criminal law is simply an instrument designed to buttress the rights of property. Such anarchistic casuistry strikes at the very foundation of the rule of law and would undermine the basis of mutual relations upon which society exists. Our criminal law is certainly designed to buttress the rights of man, but it is founded on the principle that the restraint of liberty is justified only in so far as it is necessary to maintain liberty.

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> Number of Prisoners. Term of Sentence. ~~ 1939. 1940. 1941. 1942. 1943. Under one month .. ■ • ■ • 964 774 638 552 430 One month and under three months .. ■ • 642 527 739 1,283 824 Three months and under six months .. .. 286 260 356 398 421 Six months and under twelve months .. .. 194 210 181 206 241 One year and under three years .. .. ■ • 320 362 364 444 475 Three years and under five years .. .. 76 57 76 98 60 Five years and over .. .. • ■ • ■ 23 11 15 48 31 Totals 2,505 2,201 2,369 3,029 2,482

, Offences against Offences against Miscellaneous Totn I '• the Person. Property. Offences. I 1943 .. .. •• 239 1,060 1,183 '2,482 1942 309 969 1,751 3,029 1941 .. 249 781 1,339 2,369 1940 .. .. .. 238 789 1,174 2,201 1939 .. .. 238 777 1,490 2,505 1938 .. .. 197 740 1,287 2,224 1937 .. .. .. 191 675 1,125 1,991 1936 .. .. 189 599 1,002 1,790

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Nationality of Offenders The following table covering the receptions over the past eight years, classified on a nationality basis, shows a continued increase in the number of Maori offenders. There has been an increase in the number of young Maori girls committed to prison and Borstal as a result of their association with servicemen.

Age of Offenders Hereunder is set out a table showing for the past eight years the number of offenders classified in nsre groups The steady increase in the number received into prison and Borstal undei the age oi twenty is disquieting. As by far the great majority of the 354 in this group committed m 1943 made their debut to Borstal or prison that year, their swelling ranks would seem to point to the need tor greater emphasis on preventive measures before incarceration, rather than on corrective measures afterwards. In the existing state of affairs no effort can be spared if it is designed to convert a State liability into an asset. The Department strives to implement a reclamative policy, especially with regard' to young offenders, and it can claim to do so with a fair measure of success, the number who relapse into crime after release from Borstal being only approximately 18 per cent. In so far as the young women committed to Borstal are concerned, even a lesser percentage again appear before the Courts but notwithstanding these satisfactory results, if greater attention were given to prevention and to'causative factors, the most potent of which are a lack of wholesome parental care and early discipline and lack of moral and spiritual guidance, the initial problem, if not reduced to the sporadic cases of mental defect, might at least be brought within dimensions that would reflect more creditably upon our social standards. It has been truly said that the extent of crime, especially among the youth of a community, mirrors the state of the civilization in its setting.

Miscellaneous Deaths, There were 4 deaths recorded during the year 2 from pneumonia, 1 from heart-disease, and 1 from peritonitis. Escapes.—During the year 9 prisoners and 32 Borstal detainees escaped from custody All were recaptured Of the 32 Borstal escapees, 21 absconded from the Point Halswell Borstal Institution. This large number of escapes was mainly due to the lack of facilities for employment and to the close proximity of a military encampment and its distracting influence. Ihe early prospect of a shift to the new institution nearing completion at Tawa Flat (Arohata Borstal) is a source of great comfort to a muchharassed staff. The new institution will provide better facilities for diversified employment and training of inmates. Borstal Receptions .-A total of 175 male and 37 female Borstal detainees were received direct from the Courts, while 3 males and 1 female were transferred from Child Welfare institutions. Two males were transferred from reformatory to Borstal. Mental Defectives. -An aggregate of 20 persons were transferred to mental hospitals'from prisons and Borstals during the year—2 under section 34 of the Mental Defectives Act, 1911, 4 under section 37, and 14 after sentence under section 38. Health of Prisoners The general health of prisoners throughout the year has been good. The daily average number on the sick-list was 24, representing 2-9 per cent, of the daily average number of prisoners in custody. Under the ordered conditions of living and the simple wholesome diet prisoners almost invariably improve in physical condition during their period of detention. Ihe allowance of butter, sugar, and tea has been reduced to bring it into conformity with the ration allotted to the civil population, but with regard to meat, on account of the general limitation

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New-Zealand- British and Tntol Year. born (excluding Maoris. Foreign. Maoris). 1043 1,401 523 558 2,482 1942 .. .. 1,880 450 699 3,029 1941 1,402 346 621 2,369 1940 " " .. 1,257 330 614 2,201 }q 39 " ■ 1,427 310 768 2,505 1938 " .. • ■ 1,248 252 724 2,224 1937 .. .. 1,383 257 351 1,991 1936 1,022 199 569 1,790

Age Group. 1030. ' 1937. 1938. j 1939. 1940. 1941. 1942. 1943. TTn(1 „ 20 96 115 123 178 203 201 308 354 " 185 303 362 424 348 478 749 639 f on 254 282 321 413 322 405 531 396 on 40 437 456 555 612 492 533 709 490 40and upwards !! " 715 831 861 875 833 745 732 60S Not stated .. . • • ■ 3 4 2 o — — Totals .. 1,790 1,991 2,224 2,505 2,201 2,369 3,029 2,482

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of the range of food available to prisoners and the fact that substitutory foods of equivalent calorific and vitamin content would be more costly than the cow beef and cull ewes used and produced on the prison farms, the standard meat ration has not been reduced. In addition to the care of the general health of prisoners by the Prison Medical Officers, the Department has a close working arrangement with the Mental Hospitals Department whereby its psychiatrists are always at call to examine and advise on the treatment of any inmate of impaired mentality. Industrial and Financial The gearing of the Department's labour force to an industrial organization designed solely for financial gain, regardless of social and humanitarian considerations, might perhaps be better than the old forms of task labour or the crank and treadmill, but such a policy would by no means accord with current penological ideas. The provision of useful and interesting employment plays an important part in the smooth and effective administration of prisons and the reclamation of prisoners. Although most authorities are agreed that work itself is reformative, it should be work of a kind that will stimulate interest and as far as practicable help to equip a prisoner to take his place as a useful unit of society when released. Work that is economically worth while aids the prisoner in building up his self-respect, but, in addition to the beneficial results from a reformative point of view, the purposeful marshalling of prison labour has made a notinsignificant contribution to the national production. During the year ending 31st March no less than £46,147 was credited to Public Account for the sale of farm-produce, apart from supplying the Department's own requirements in meat, milk, vegetables, &c. The Department's response to the Government's request to produce pork and bacon for the Armed Forces is evidenced by the fact that during the past year 1,733 pigs, to the value of £6,451, were bred on the Department's farms and fattened to baconer stage at the Wi Tako and Wellington Prisons. The Department carries at its various farms an aggregate of 16,000 sheep, from which the credits for wool, skins, and mutton last year totalled just under £15,000. As an indication of the scope of the Department's dairy activities it may be mentioned that just under 600 cows are being milked at the Waikeria Borstal alone, where the inmates are afforded an opportunity of gaining experience in all branches of farm-work with modern mechanized aids. In co-operation with the Department of Agriculture, effective measures were concluded last year for the complete eradication of T.B. from the Waikeria herds, and the Department, under contract with the Health Department, has been supplying pasteurized milk for the schools iti the surrounding district. The opportunity for bringing home to the inmates the full significance of this activity is not overlooked, and the enthusiasm of those engaged on the work is clear evidence that psychologically there is a mental satisfaction in their being able to make a useful contribution to society's well-being through this means of assisting in building up the country's future citizens. The boot-factory at Mount Eden and the training-shop at the Invercargill Borstal made a valuable contribution through a total credit to Public Account of £8,010, a considerable proportion of this representing boots for Army purposes. The quarries continue to provide a profitable avenue of work for men requiring closer supervision than at the farms, the aggregate revenue for the year from the sales of quarry metal amounting to £15,961, whilst the credits for road construction and maintenance work in the National Park area amounted to a further £9,850. The employment of prisoners on activities of this nature has made available for the Armed Forces or essential services men who would otherwise be required to undertake this work. In this regard it is interesting to record that when a certain road was required to be completed for military purposes a party of prisoners volunteered to work seven days a week in order to expedite its completion. It is the awakening of this spirit of service that is a vital feature of work in relation to a reformative policy. The difficulties of the work on the pumice development farms at Hautu and Bangipo have been intensified by reason of the shortage of manurial top-dressing and the resultant reversion of certain pastures to native grasses and weeds. The dearth of fencing-materials has hindered closer subdivision. Rabbit infestation is another problem requiring constant attention. These farms have grown their own requirements in meat and vegetables, milk, &c., in addition to marketing certain produce. The farms also provide a means of healthful and reformative occupation for prisoners. The latter consideration is even more important than the economic one, as at these farm camps the honour system is largely in vogue and the open-air conditions generally conduce to health and the development of a self-respect that is difficult to attain to under the closely-ordered regimen of a city prison. At the Wellington Prison the printery and the soapmaking shops have continued to function with economy and provide diversity of employment. The native plant nursery, operated in collaboration with the Wellington Beautifying Society, has continued to be an interesting sideline, and a wide distribution of native shrubs and trees has been made. A comparative statement of revenue and expenditure covering the past ten years is set out below :—

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Gross Expenditure. Credits. Net Expenditure. Year. Total. Per Head. Total. Per Head. Total. Per Head. ££££££ 1934-35 .. 137,484 105-25 60,242 46-12 77,242 59-13 1935-36 .. 144,460 123-47 69,933 59-77 74,527 63-70 1936-37 .. 146,314 148-54 68,661 69-70 77,653 78-83 1937-38 .. 164,132 192-64 69,075 81-07 95,057 111-56 1938-39 .. 152,093 177-89 64,910 75-92 87,183 101-97 1939-40 .. 155,333 170-16 74,348 81-97 80,985 88-19 1940-41 .. 162,426 179-47 77,908 86-08 84,518 93-39 1941-42 .. 158,704- 163-44 80,514 82-92 78,190 80-52 1942-43 .. 166,982 161-34 99,336 95-98 67,646 65-36 1943-44 .. 173,089 159-97 99,956 92-38 73,133 67-59 I

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Social Activities Supplementary to the routine arranged by the Department by way of special classes, cine pictures and various games, &c., all designed with a cultural and socializing motive, lectures, study groups, and entertainments are also organized by voluntary workers. Because of petrol restrictions the number of visits from social workers has been less than in normal times. Nonetheless, the Department is indebted to that large body of kindly-disposed persons who devote their time to this prison mission work. I desire to place on record the thanks of the Department to the various clergymen and Salvation Army officers who ministered to the spiritual well-being of the prisoners, often at considerable inconvenience and expense. To the Justices' Associations, the Women's Borstal Association, the Workers' Education Association, the Prisoners' Aid Societies, and others who assist, both in in-care and after-care work, the Department's appreciation is also accorded. In conclusion, I desire to pay tribute to the loyal and helpful co-operation of the staff, many of whom have worked exceptionally long hours. B. L. Dallard, Controller-General of Prisons.

EPITOME OF REPORTS OF THE CONTROLLING OFFICERS OF THE AUCKLAND AND PAPARUA PRISONS AND THE INVERCARGILL BORSTAL INSTITUTION. Auckland Prison (Superintendent: Mr. W. T. Leggett) At the commencement of the year there were 223 males and 19 females in custody. During the year 1,240 males and 118 females were received, whilst 1,231 males and 116 females were discharged or otherwise disposed of, leaving in custody at the end of the year 232 males and 21 females. During the year there were 8 males received for being intoxicated in charge of motor-vehicles. There were 147 males and J 5 females received into prison as second offenders during the year, and there were 3 males transferred to a mental hospital. Amongst the male receptions were 166 soldiers, 30 naval, and 19 Air Force. There were also received for breaches of the National Service Emergency Regulations 43 males, as well as 13 from defaulters' camps for disobeying orders, &c. Generally the health of the prisoners has been very good, sickness being mostly confined to colds and minor ailments. Taking into account the number of physical derelict individuals received here ; the daily average sick of 4-19 is a slight improvement over last year. There was 1 death, being that of an elderly vagrant who was a methylated-spirit addict and was received suffering from acute bronchitis requiring removal to the public hospital, where he died a few days after admission. There were 19 males and 3 females admitted to the public hospital and 1 female sent to a maternity hospital Of the cases sent to public hospital, the one of acute bronchitis was the only serious case. There were no accidents of any seriousness in connection with any of the institutional industrial activities. Twentyfive males and 30 females required treatment for venereal disease during the year. During the year 4 individuals escaped and 1 attempted to escape from the works. The escapees were promptly recaptured. There were 3 males transferred to a mental hospital, and a number of alienist examinations were made by the Auckland Mental Hospital staff, and in this direction there has been full co-operation from the medical staff of the Auckland Mental Hospital. The conduct generally of the prisoners has been satisfactory, but the abnormal times have had an unsettling effect on some types of prisoners. There were 89 males and 8 females dealt with by the Visiting Justices for minor prison offences, and 1 male was dealt with by the Magistrates' Court for an aggravated offence of striking an officer of the prison while employed on the works. The industrial activities of the prison have been fully carried on during the year with satisfactory results and all prison labour has been fully utilized to the best advantage, and, as far as possible, all suitable prisoners have been transferred to country prisons. The boot-factory has been fully employed producing footwear for prison institutions, mental hospitals, and Army, and making and repairing Post and Telegraph Department's leather satchels. The tailoring-factory has also been fully employed producing garments for prison institutions, mental hospitals, and National Service Department. There has also been laundered and repaired 33,180 mail and parcel bags for the Post and Telegraph Department. Tinsmithing has been carried on to fulfil requirements for Prisons Department institutions. The laundering section has dealt with all institutional requirements, and laundered blankets and denims for Army, Air Force, and Police Department. The manufacture of tobacco for the whole of the requirements of the various prison institutions has been carried out mostly from leaf grown at the Waikeria Farm. Quarrying and crushing metal screenings has been actively carried on during the year, and these products have been principally used by the Public Works Department, Railways Department, local bodies, and defence construction requirements. The vegetable-supplies have been mostly obtained from the institution garden, but owing to drought conditions early in the year some vegetables were obtained from the Waikeria Farm. The food-supplies generally have been of excellent quality, the bread has been baked in the institutional bakery, and meat and milk obtained from the Waikeria Farm. The institutional school, under direction of Mr. Dale, M.A., and assisted by a member of the staff, has been successfully continued, and the schoolmaster reports as follows: — " The work of the school has progressed in a very satisfactory manner. In addition to the routine subjects, a course of simple economics, designed to assist an understanding of war difficulties, speech and its development, and a course in the history and geography of the Pacific has been undertaken. " Through debate, a course in citizenship, designed to help the men to rehabilitate themselves, has been a feature of the school. As in former years, the Native men have worked well. Generally the standard of education among this class is lamentably low, but they appear to realize the need for education, and apply themselves to the task of learning to read and write with commendable effort.

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" During the year 1 have, through the courtesy of the Workers' Educational Association, been able to show films of an educational nature to the class. This has been greatly appreciated by the class." The physical-drill class has been continued twice weekly under direction of a member of the disciplinary staff, and this has been of considerable benefit to younger prisoners employed in workshops and at domestic duties. The screening of motion pictures provided by the Department has been continued monthly throughout the year, and this also with the cell wireless installation has provided ample entertainment. Christmas cheer was again provided by various organizations and social workers and was much appreciated by the inmates. The spiritual welfare of the prisoners has been fully provided for by regular Sunday services and individual visits by visiting clergy to members of their respective denominations. The staff generally have set a satisfactory standard of discipline and leadership and have carried out their duties under trying conditions owing to staff shortage. The officers responsible for the industrial activities have all done very good work. Paparua Prison (Superintendent: Mr. C. E. Spittal) On the Ist January, 1943, there were in custody 105 male prisoners ; during the year the receptions into prison totalled 422, while 429 were discharged or otherwise disposed of, thus leaving a total of 98 prisoners in custody as at 31st December, 1943. The health of the prisoners generally was good throughout the year, and regular weekly visits were made by the Prison Medical Officer. It was found necessary to transfer 3 prisoners to the local public hospital for remedial treatment, while in 7 cases prisoners suffering from venereal disease were given appropriate treatment in the prison. No deaths occurred within the prison during the year. The services of mental specialists from the Christchurch Mental Hospital were also availed of to carry out examinations of prisoners showing signs of and suspected of mental disorders, as well as in an endeavour to ascertain the reason for any particular criminal lapse. lam grateful for the help and advice received from that source. Unfortunately, it has been found necessary during the past year to take advantage of this service to a greater extent than for some years past. Four prisoners were transferred to the care of the Mental Hospitals Department during the year. The quality of the rations issued during the year has been excellent, and we have continued to draw all our supplies of potatoes, vegetables, milk, and beef from the institution farm, while bread of firstgrade quality is manufactured in the prison bakery. The conduct of prisoners throughout the year was generally satisfactory. There was, oi course, the usual crop of infringements of the disciplinary regulations, although fortunately none could be classed as of a really serious nature. A total of 25 offences were committed by 22 individuals, of which 11 were dealt with by Visiting Justices, and the remainder by myself. The services so freely given by the Visiting Justices has been most helpful, and the interest taken in the general activities ot the institution very encouraging. , , . , , ~ The interest taken by various organizations and individuals m providing entertainments tor the men has been most encouraging. The picture displays arranged by the Department were shown at regular intervals, while the Workers' Educational Association again gave a series of twelve lectures during the winter months, all of which were well attended and appreciated. The prisoners were well catered for over the festive season, and in this connection special thanks are due to the Salvation. Army, the Richmond Mission, Mr. A. Paynter, and the Rev. Mr. Fisher, Anglican chaplain to the prison. Work in connection with the institution school was continued under the control of Mr. P. Schroeder, and his report for the past year is as follows :■ — " The work of the year 1943 included English (oral reading and comprehension, spelling, letterwriting, grammar, and composition) and arithmetic mainly, while talks on the war were correlated with Arithmetic.-—While this included standard work from Standard 111 to Standard VI, plenty of practise in addition, subtraction, division, and multiplication of money, weights, distances, &c., was given, as it was felt this work would be most useful. Fractions and decimals with problems were included. English.—Varied exercises were given to aid in speech and letter-writing, and that study of English grammar that would prove beneficial to all. Talks and discussions on suitable subjects were " History and Geography. —Countries were studied in correlation with changes brought about by the war : people of a country ; position, climate as affecting people and their productions : rise of new industries in various lands. " Again I have to report that the discipline of the class was quite satisfactory and that the students showed good progress and sustained interest in their work. Every effort is made to instil into prisoners habits of industry which will be useful to them on their return to civilian status and in their quest for a suitable avenue of employment, and the arrangement made whereby prisoners are directed on their release to report to the Man-power Officer of the district to which they are proceeding should prove most helpful. Care is taken to allot tasks, as far as possible, on a selective basis, and to avoid the allocation of work for which the individual concerned is not for various reasons suitable. . . , , , After making provision for the various domestic services of the prison, the remainder ot the labour force apart from ineffective prisoners, is directed towards the prosecution of industrial activities, which, in the main, are quarrying and farming. There is also always an avenue of employment for skilled tradesmen. ... , . • j i *.■ The quarry industry is making good headway having consideration to the times, and production and sales figures were a decided improvement on those for the previous year. A total of 16,783 yards of all grades of screened and crushed metal were produced, as against 15,247 yards m 1942 bales showed a corresponding increase, the figures being 15,834 and 14,091 yards respectively for 1943 and 194:2 Work in connection with the laundering of blankets for the Army, Air, and Police Departments was carried out on an extensive scale. A total of 49,261 articles were handled, and the plant was kept working to full capacity throughout the year.

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In the garden industry results were very good early in the year, and a ready market was found for all classes of vegetables produced from sowings made in 1942, mainly to the Army and St. Helens Hospital, with a surplus to the Christchurch market. Both this institution and the Addington Women's Reformatory were kept supplied with abundant quantities of fresh vegetables. Farming activities, under the direction of the Farm-manager, were principally directed towards the growing of crops and in sheep-raising. In the sheep section, with a flock of 1,700 Gorriedales, wool-production amounted to 46 bales, but owing to the generally adverse conditions which ruled throughout the year the fleeces were not quite so good, both in weight and in quality, as in some former seasons. A line of 358 wethers purchased in the autumn for fattening turned out a very profitable investment, returning a net profit of close on £200. Early cuts from this mob topped the Addington market. In the cropping section a varied selection of sowings and plantings were made, including potatoes, wheat, oats, barley, swedes, mangels, and clover for seed, and good returns came from the harvesting of these crops, considering the scarcity of fertilizers. Similar crops sown in 1943 are not expected to do so well, they having being retarded owing to the long spell of dry weather, and there will be a shortage of feed for stock in such items of fodder as oats, barley, and mangels. Fortunately, some good crops of hay were harvested before the adverse weather set in. Pig husbandry was carried on successfully, and baconers and porkers fetched good prices in the market. Dairying is also carried on on a small scale, mainly for supplying our own needs. The cultivation work was carried out with the use of both horses and a farm tractor. In conclusion, I have to report that the staff of this institution have carried out their duties in a satisfactory manner during the year. Invercargill Borstal Institution (Superintendent: Mr. R. W. Arnold) On Ist January, 1943, there were 140 inmates in custody in the Borstal Institution. During the year, 155 were received, while 141 were discharged or otherwise disposed of, leaving thus 154 in custody on 31st December, 1943. The greatest number in custody at any one time was 160, and the least number 132. The daily average over the year was 141-12. In the Reformatory Section there were 6 males in custody on Ist January, 1943. During the year, 35 males and 1 female were received, while 35 males and 1 female were discharged, leaving thus 6 males in custody on 31st December, 1943. The greatest number in custody at any one time was 6, and the least number 1. The daily average over the year was 3-27. The number of Borstal inmates admitted to the Southland Hospital during the year was 38. This is an exceptionally high number—other years have averaged about 12 or so. In many cases, possibly the majority, the boy had the defect or trouble before he came to Borstal, and it was deemed the best course by the Medical Officer to have a remedy effected without delay. There were 9 cases of nasal obstruction requiring attention, 5 tonsils trouble, and cases of gastritis, ear complaint, hernia, acute orchitis, abscess, threatened T. 8., hyperpyrexia, swellings, septic rash, and general pains ; and 9 accident cases of various sorts. In all, 23 operations were performed. There was no V.D. case, no death, and no transfer to Seacliff Mental Hospital during the year. All inmates are examined on first admission by the institution Medical Officer who then recommends any attention which he may consider necessary. If the general physique of the inmate is not good, a special diet may be recommended. At the same time the teeth are looked at, and if in the interests of the general health of the inmate a special examination is advisable, this is referred to the dentist who performs dental work for the institution. The institution hospital was occupied fairly regularly throughout the year, and there were about the usual number of minor complaints requiring attention. In the majority of cases this institution is not the first attempt by the State to turn a lad from his erroneous ways and give him a better idea of his social duties. An examination of records therefore proves interesting. Of the 155 received here in 1943, 58 were on probation when they committed tlie offence which led to committal to Borstal. Of this number, 23 had previously been under the care of the Child Welfare Office, and 8 both under the Child Welfare Officer and in Weraroa Boys' Training Farm. Of the remaining 97, 55 had been under the Child Welfare Officer, 15 under the Child Welfare Officer and in Weraroa, and 2in Weraroa. Three had been fined and 3 convicted and discharged. That leaves only 19, who, as far as is known, were first offenders. Of the 155, 20 had been in the institution on a previous occasion. An examination of the various offences for which the 155 inmates were admitted to Borstal this year is also interesting. Theft, as usual, takes first place, with car conversion as second, numerically. Details are : theft, 67 ; theft of bicycles, 11 ; theft and receiving, 1 ; theft, mischief, and assault, 1 ; theft, mischief, and being in possession of house-breaking implements, 1 ; breaking, entering, and theft, 17 ; breaking and entering with intent, 3 ; breaking, entering, and theft, and car conversion, 4 ; truck and car conversion, 21 ; car conversion and theft, 8 ; false pretences, 2 ; attempted false pretences, 1 ; converting horse, 1 ; breach of probation, 5 ; indecent assault on female, 1 ; rape, 5 ; assault with intent to commit rape, 1 ; being idle and disorderly, 2 ; and tranfers from Boys' Training Centre, Levin, 3, a total of 155. Of the 155 received into custody during 1943, 27 were full Maoris and 17 half- or three-quarter-caste Maoris, a total of 44, or 28 per cent. Another interesting feature is the number of previous convictions against each inmate. This shows that some were well versed in crime before coming to Borstal:— r ± Previous T , Previous Inmates. n ... Inmates. n ... Convictions. Convictions. 19 Nil 6 .. .. 5 30 .... .. 1 5 .. .. 6 27 .. .. .. 2 37 .. .. 7 or over 19 . . .. .. 3 12 .. 4 155 On the basis of offences and punishments recorded, the behaviour of the inmates, taking into consideration that the average number in custody was greater this year, was generally better than last year. In 1943 the total number of offences dealt with by the Superintendent and the Chairman of the Visiting Committee was 129, as compared with 140 in 1942.

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As regards escapes, there were 7 escapes in 1943, which is about the average for the past four years All escapees were recaptured within a short timeIt was mentioned above that 20 inmates who had each served a previous term here had been readmitted during 1943. The offences committed were theft, breaking and entering and theft, and car conversion. In all cases these lads, when released, had jobs to go to or work was soon found for them. From questions asked them on their return it appears that all received good wages. Possibly the unrest due to war conditions and the possession of too much money is the cause of their drifting into crime again. The improvement of the general educational standard of the inmates is considered of first importance. School classes are conducted by outside professional teachers on three nights per week —Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays —during the ordinary schools year. The standard reached by inmates prior to admission is varied. A summary shows the following :— Secondary .. .. 34 Standards I and II 6 Standard VI .. 43 Illiterate .. 3 Standard V .. .. 37 Standard IV .. .. 18 155 Standard 111 .. 14 The schoolmasters' report is as follows : — " The efforts of the inmates in their respective groups were well maintained. During the year promotions were made in the various groups when justified. In the three groups the curriculum was prepared to conform with the mental capacity of the inmates. " In English our aim was to develop accurate oral and written expression, to teach such principles inductively and relate them to daily life, and to ally such work as is done to the lives of the boys. " In the three groups, special attention was given to poetry, spelling, comprehension, word-building, and oral reading. The Students' Digest was used by all the groups to keep the boys informed as to current events. " Individual work was done with those inmates in the lowest group who were more or less illiterate, and books of various reading grades were used. " The history and geography of the world, but particularly that referring to the British Empire, formed part of the curriculum. The teachers aimed at supplying topographical, commercial, economic, and scientific facts to give the inmates a stock of information in geographical data. In history our aim was to develop an interest in the past and to unfold the "changing story of man, so that it might particularly bear on the development of the history of the British Empire. " In arithmetic our aim was to teach the boys to perform speedily and accurately all arithmetical problems connected with their life and work. The inmates were taught to set out intelligently and in proper sequence the steps by which, problems have to be solved. Most of our work was of the mental type, and a knowledge of the tables and processes of everyday transactions featured throughout the three classes. "In science, periodic lessons were given throughout the year. Film-strip pictures were shown periodically. Headings of the news in the local papers concerning the conduct of the war were given to the inmates at the beginning of every school period." Classes in wool-classing and agriculture have been conducted for many years by Mr. T. Mathews, of the Southland Education Board, and each year boys are desirous of joining. In the past, prizes to the value of £4 have been donated by the Reginald Mitta MacKinnon Trust (administered by the Public Trust Office). Word was received that for this year the grant has been increased to £10. This will allow of two distributions of prizes each year. This will be an advantage, because heretofore it has happened that students have been released from Borstal before the examination. The instructor reports as follows :— " Another most successful year's work has been accomplished. Full classes were maintained throughout the year, and very pleasing progress was made by practically all the students attending, several reaching a very high standard." The economics and civics class is held once a week, from May to August, under the auspices ol the Workers' Educational Association. Mr. R. Webb, of the Southland Technical College, carried out the work of tutor. The class is run as a club or association, the boys appointing a chairman, secretary, and committee. Minutes are taken and passed in the usual way. This in itself is quite good experience for the boys. Mr. Webb's report is quoted : — " I wish to report that the Workers' Educational Association class conducted by me for the inmates of the Borstal institution concluded a session of thirteen nights on 14th August, 1943. The class was conducted on the lines of last year, involving lectures on world affairs, debates, lecturettes by class members, play-reading, and literature readings. " The boys were exceptionally well-behaved and showed a keen interest in the class activities, as is shown by the splendid average attendance of 70. " Again the class is indebted to the Marist Debating Club for providing a debating team on the final night to meet a team chosen from, the class. The subject debated was ' That Sport looms too largely in the Public Mind,' the Marist Club proving the winners by the narrow margin of 3 points. Thanks are due to Mr. W. Butchers for judging the debate, and to Mr. G. Swift and Mr. T. Newall for providing entertainment. A splendid supper provided by the institution brought a very happy and successful evening to a close." A perusal of the class minute-book shows that talks were given (by the inmates themselves) on such subjects as " Care of Motor-cars," " Canning of Fruit and Vegetables," " The Making of a Violin," shaping, oiling, varnishing, &c. Two-man debates were held on a variety of themes : Is it better to be a Farmer or a Business Man ? " "Is a Woman's Proper Place in the Home ? " "Is the Air Force better than the Army ? " "Is it better to be a Private or an Officer ? " "Is Town Life better than Country Life ? " "Is the Pen mightier than the Tongue ? " The singing and voice-production class is conducted by Mr. Hugh Kennedy Black, F.T.C.L., &c., who writes on the year's work as under : — " The year has been a most interesting and eventful one as regards the interest being taken in singing. The membership of the choir is entirely voluntary. The largest attendance was 65, but it has averaged about 45. Each voice is tried out separately, and the boys are not allowed membership unless they show a musical intelligence.

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" Mr. Eric Begg, general manager of Chas. Begg and Co., Ltd., paid a visit in May, 1943, and was so pleased with the work of the choir that he presented forty copies of the Lyric Collection of Songs recently compiled by me and published by that firm. One copy was presented to each member of the choir then. " A selected party of 16 boys paid a visit by invitation to the Orphans' Club (on 26th June, 1943), giving the whole of the first of "the evening's programme. Their performance was received with great enjoyment by the club, and their behaviour was in every respect gentlemanly. " In August, Mr. Henri Penn, the celebrated pianist (who visited Invercargill as judge in the competitions held here), expressed a wish to hear the choir. He gave a recital programme which included Mendelssohn's " Spring Song," " The Warsaw Concerto," and " The Blue Danube Waltz." This recital was given to the whole of the inmates, and the choir sang a selected programme. Mr. Penn's performance was received with rapt attention. As a result of this visit there were 37 volunteers waiting to have their voices tried for the choir. " Many soloists have been developed during the year and the choir gave perfqpmances on three occasions, those attending including the Chairman of the Visiting Committee, the Mayor, J.P.s, members, of the Ministers' Association, some citizens, and their wives, " One of the outstanding events was a broadcast over the radio, at the invitation of 4YZ, by the choir, on Ist December, 1943. The items were " Beautiful Ohio Waltz," " Home Little Maori," and " Holy City." The Assistant presented the soloists in " Holy City " with copies of suitable songs, and to the choir forty copies of " Soldiers' Chorus " from Faust. " There is no doubt that the boys have developed a taste for good music. Their love of light and shade, accent, rhythm, is really remarkable. It has been a very happy year, and I have received the utmost consideration and help from the Superintendent and every warder. I have just had word that the School Inspectors want to hear the choir, so I hope on some future occasion that I may have the opportunity of letting them have an idea of the work that is being done." Admission to Borstal, while being for corrective and reformative purposes morally, carries with it the intention that a boy shall be educated and trained, as far as is possible, along lines that will assist him to take his place in the community as a useful member on his release. Some boys, owing to physical incapacity or mental infirmity, will never reach a high stage in the working world. Others have possibilities, but there have been many disappointments among those who raised the greatest hopes. Not every one can be given a training in a definite line, such as a trade, but, as far as is possible and expedient, all are given a chance to improve. The Maoris, differing in racial characteristics, are a separate problem. Many are quite good as farm workers or labourers. On the farm, the largest field of fruitful endeavour, the boys who are interested can learn paractically all sides of farm-work —milking, ploughing, planting, harvesting, haymaking, stack-building, sheepshearing, and management, &c. Certain boys arc allocated to the teams and learn about the care and management of horses, use and upkeep of implements and machines. The up-to-date blacksmithy on the farm gives scope for boys to learn such work as is carried on there, and become quite proficient. Of course, only a few can be so absorbed at one time. One or two are attached to the carpentry-shop, where there is a power-driven woodworking-machine. Others are able to learn the principles of painting. A knowledge of the elements of plumbing is available for acquisition by others. The bakehouse provides tuition in that line, and each year several good boys are turned out able to take part in the trade. In the boot-shop a number of boys are usually kept busy doing repair work and gradually progressing to being able to make the finished article in the way of boots and shoes. The farm garden provides the opportunity to many to acquire a working knowledge of this industry. In the butchery-shop, which finds employment for one or two boys, a knowledge of what is required in this useful trade is gained. In short, while a good many boys have to be content with ordinary labouring-work, as best suited to their varying capacities, many as will be seen, have good chances for qualifying for absorption in a standard trade or industry on release. As well as the practical work, inmates are also instructed in the theoretical side at night classes conducted by the officers. As was the position last year, it is still somewhat difficult to secure outside talent to provide entertainments, concerts, &c., although, on the whole, we did quite well in that direction during the year. The Borstal choir is now able to give considerable assistance. Talks have been given on Sunday evenings on the following subjects : " A Trip to Rotorua and the Thermal Regions " ; " Samoa, Its People and Customs," with exhibits; " The Progress of Artillery in the War'" ; "A Trip to the Homer Tunnel " ; "New Caledonia " ; " The Japanese and Their Tactics in the War " ; "By Troopship to England " ; "A Cycle Tour through Nelson and Marlborough " ; "A Rescue at Sea " ; " Experiences as a Prisoner of War " ; " Linen-flax Industry —• Process and Manufacture" ; " Escape from Prisoners' Camp in Greece" ; " Malaya and Singapore," with lantern slides ; " Life on a Hospital Ship " ; " The Future of Russia " ; " The Story of American Dive Bombers " ; " The Dieppe Raid " ; " The Tunisian Campaign " ; " With the R.A.F. in England " ; " The Tokio Raid " ; " Human Courage " ; " Social Diseases " ; " The Sicilian Campaign " ; " Modern Developments in Radio " ; " The General Election " ; "A Trip to the U.S.A." ; "The Early Settlement of Lyttelton" ; "Another Talk on Life in a Prisoner-of-war Camp"; " Fighting with the' Machine-gun Battalion " ; " Work of the New Zealand Division " ; "A Raid on Japanese in Burma." A sacred concert was rendered by St. Peter's Methodist Church Choir in April. St. Paul's Church Choir gave us Christmas carols in December. St. Catherine's College Old Girls' Association supplied a concert in November. The departmental movie-sound picture projector provided suitable programmes at intervals throughout the year. Our library functions satisfactorily, although, owing to the demand for books for soldiers at home and abroad, not many donations of books are now received. The Country Library Service makes periodical visits, and about one hundred books are selected. These offer quite a wide range to suit all tastes. The National Geographic Magazine, The Strand, Illustrated London News, The Auckland Weekly, and one or two other publications are received regularly. Suitable books and papers also come in for the boys from li&me.

2—H. 20.

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In order to give practical application to the old teaching that a healthy mind in a healthy body is a combination much to be desired, and having endeavoured to ensure the former virtue by educational processes as mentioned above, the latter is attended to by encouraging the participation in sport, one variety or other of which is played all the year round. . ~ , , Cricket. —A Borstal team always enters the local competition and, having a wide and changing field from which to select its players, the team has always put up a good performance, with the result that the Le Hoyes Shield was again carried off. Those boys not playing in the match on Saturday are catered for on another part of the ground. Football. —Here, too, there is a competition, and the Borstal team, for the first time m memory, came to the top, though there were three winning teams equal. There is held an annual match, Farm v. Institution, which creates good healthy rivalry and good fun. Tennis. —Many players are quite good. There are now three hard courts in use. Softball; Baseball.—These games are a new introduction and are gaming m favour. I hey affosd plenty of good exercise. Swimmmq.—The tepid baths never fail to attract. All boys are encouraged to learn to swim and are given instruction in both that and m life-savmg. In an examination held during the year eight inmates gained the Bronze Medallion and Intermediate Certificates, « one gained the Intermediate Certificate, and two the Resuscitation Certificate Meetings— General sports meetings are always held on New Year's Day, Labour Day, and Physical Drill.—This is part of the routine instruction and classes arc held regularly in the gymnasium by an instructor from the Southland Boys'' High School. Regular attention is paid to the spiritual needs of the Inmates. The conduct of divine services weekly is arranged by the Ministers' Association for the several denominations which they represent, by a representative from the Roman Catholic Church, and by an officer from the Salvation Army. Bible classes are conducted regularly. „,, , , . . On Anzac Day and Good Friday special services were held, lhese days fell close together m April. A service was also held on Christmas Day. , , Farming operations continue to be the principal industry. The Farm-manager reports that an additional milking-shed has been erected where all the young cows are milked by hand... ihe latter method of milking was adopted for the purpose of ascertaining whether machine-milking tends to cause mastitis. The milk yield last season was quite satisfactory. The sheep flock has been increased, and the wool-clip for the season totalled 65 bales, and the price realized averaged 15£ d. per pound. The number of lambs tailed last season was just over 2,400. . The death of Mr. R. H. Meredith, a member of the staff, was a severe loss to the institution. Mr. Meredith served the Department faithfully and efficiently for a number of years. I desire to record my appreciation of the support given to me throughout the year by the institution staff.

OFFENDERS PROBATION : SUPPLEMENTARY REPORT (UNDER OFFENDERS PROBATION ACT, 1920, AND CRIMES AMENDMENT ACT, 1910) FOR THE YEAR 1943 The Chief Probation Officer to the Hon. the Minister of Justice. The following is the annual report under the Offenders Probation Act and the Crimes Amendment Act for the year ended 31st December, 1943. , , During the year 896 persons were admitted to probation by the Courts, and 130 who were convicted and ordered to come up for sentence when called upon and were also ordered to make restitution came under the supervision of Probation Officers. This number is an increase of over 200 over the previous year. The total number who passed through the Probation Officers hands during the year was 2 214 ' The reports received from District Probation Officers, which are not published on account of paper shortage, show that on the whole the probationers have responded well. The number who were convicted of further offences or for breaches of their licenses was 191, or less than 9 per cent, of the number dealt with. This is considered to be a very satisfactory result and is below the average for a number ol yeai A review of the statistics shows that, as in previous years, the majority of the .persons dealt with were in the post-adolescent group, 67 per cent, being under twenty-five years of age and 41 per cent, being under twenty years old. .Only 6 per cent, of the cases involved sexual offences. No less than 604 persons were placed under supervision for theft, and 48 persons were placed on probation for unlawful conversion of cars. „ _ , c , » During the financial year ended 31st March, 1944, £5,421 was collected by way of costs of prosecution and restitution. Parole This group comprises persons released on license after serving a term of imprisonment or Borstal detention, as distinct from those admitted to probation by the Courts. The statistics show that 494 persons were released on probation during the year on the recommendation of the Prisons >oau these 7 were recommitted to detention for breaches of their licenses, and 23, including 9 habitual criminals, had their licenses cancelled for further offences. Considering the obvious handicaps which beset a person under the stigma of having been imprisoned m re-establishing himself m the community the small percentage of failures must be regarded as very satisfactory. The effectiveness of the method of supervision and after-care (and also of the in-care reformative influences) may be judged from the fact that during the five years ended 31st December last 1,688 persons (excluding habitual criminals) were released on probation, and during that period 157, or 9-3 per cent., were returned to prison.for failing to comply with the conditions of their license or for other offences whilst on license and only 26 per cent, have again been convicted subsequent to discharge. General The success of the probation work is largely due to a body of voluntary workers who assist I rotation Officers. I desire to express appreciation of helpful co-operation from the various voluntary after-care organizations, especially to the Women's Borstal Association, who exercise control and oversight of most of the young women released from Point Halswell Borstal Institution. B. L. Dallard, Chief Probation Officer.

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STATISTICS OFFENDERS PROBATION ACT, 1920 Ages and Terms of Probation of the Offenders admitted to Probation during the Year 1943

Summary of Cases dealt with during the Year 1943 Admitted Deferred Tntnl to Probation. Sentence. Number reporting on Ist January, 1943 .. .. 1,029 157 1,186 Admitted to probation during the year . . . . 896 130 1, 026 Resumed probation —previously struck off .. .. 2 Totals 1,927 287 2,214 Completed probation during the year .. .. 541 133 674 Deceased .. .. .. .. . ■ 4 1 5 Discharged by Prison Board . . . . . . 4 6 10 Left the Dominion (mainly members of Armed Forces) 65 1 66 Absconded and not traced (term expired) . . . . 2 .. 2 Resentenced on the original charge .. .. 32 4 36 Committed further offences .. .. .. 49 2 51 Totals .. .. .. .. 697 147 844 Number reporting on 31st December, 1943 .. .. 1,230 140 1,370 Breaches of Conditions of Release committed during 1943 Failed to report, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 53 Committed further offences .. .. .. .. .. 127 Absconded (still untraced) .. .. .. .. .. .. 11 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 191 Costs of Prosecution and Restitution Moneys collected during the Year ended 31st March, 1944 £ s. d. Amount of costs of prosecution collected by Probation Officers .. 657 15 4 Amount of restitution moneys collected .. .. .. .. 4,763 120 Total £5,421 7 4

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. ' Si * One Eighteen Two Three Four Five , r , , Age, in N ears. Months Year. Months. Years. Years. Years. Years. or under. Under 20 years of age .. 8 122 53 159 22 1 .. 365 20 and under 25 .. 8 100 31 84 13 1 237 25 „ 30 .. 3 32 13 30 8 .. 86 30 „ 40 .. 8 51 18 25 14 1 117 40 „ 50 3 22 7 13 3 1 1 50 50 „ 60 .. 3 12 4 7 2 1 29 60 „ 70 .... 4 1 3 .. .. .. 8 70 and over .. .... 2 1 1 .. .. .. 4 Totals .. .. 33 345 128 322 62 5 1 896

H—2o,

Table showing Number of Prisoners at each Prison or Institution in the Dominion during the Year 1943

By Authority: E. V. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.— 1944. Price 6d .]

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing( 703 copies), £23

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Beceived during Year Sickness. In Custody at Beginning Discharged during Year. I In Custody at End Daily Average Number of Dally Name of Prison. of Year. i of Year. Prisoners. Admissions to Hospital Av ® age Direct from Courts. On Transfer. during Year. gjjj. list. i M. F. j T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. 51. F. T. M. F. T. Addington (Women's Reformatory) .. .. 17 , 17 .. 28 28 .. 15 15 .. 49 49 j 11 11 .. 13-48 13-48 .. 1 1 Auckland .. .. ..223 19 1 242 1,150 115 1,265 90 3 93 1,231 116 1,347 232 21 253 218-36 20-77 239-13 19 3 22 4-10 Hautu (Tokaanu) .. .. .. 34 | 34 8 .. 8 33 .. 33 41 .. 41 34 .. 34 40-10 .. ? no Invercargill .. .. 6 .. I 6 ! 34 1 35 1 1 35 1 36 6 6 3-27 .. 3-27 1 .. 1 0-08 Invercargill (Borstal institution) .. 140 .. 140 111 .. Ill 44 .. 44 141 .. 141! 154 .. 154 141-12 .. 141-12 38 .. 38 7-05 Napier 9 9 103 11 114 28 .. 28 130 11 141 10 .. 10 14-40 0-03 14-43 2 2 0-26 New Plvmouth .. .. 60 60 57 57 20 20 80 80 i 57 57 56-04 .. 56-04 3 .. ; 3 0-65 Paparua (Templeton) .. .. 105 .. 105 339 .. 339 83 .. 83 ! 429 .. 429 i 98 .. 98 108-36 .. 108-36 3 .. 3 1-94 Point Halswell (Women's Reformatory): .. 8 8 85 85 2 2 86 86 9 9 .. ; 15• 00 15-00 .. .. .. 0 ■ 34 Point Halswell (Borstal institution) .. .. 53 53 .. 36 36 .. 4 4 .. 47 47 .. 46 46 .. 49-00 49-00 ., 23 23 3-10 Rangipo .. 25 .. 25 2 .. 2 39 . . 39 37 . . 37 29 .. 29 27-88 .. 27-88 1 .. 1 0-18 Waikeria (Reformatory) .. .. 98 . . 98 13 .. 13 127 . . 127 137 .. 137 101 .. 101 103-40 .. 103-40 5 .. 5 1-22 Waikeria (Borstal institution) .. 29 29 17 17 24 24 34 34 36 36 32-10 .. 32-10 2 2 Waikune (Eruf .. .. 52 52 7 7 72 ... 72 80 80 51 51 55-22 .. 55-22 4 4 0-52 Wanaanui 20 20 63 1 64 15 15 83 1 84 15 15 18-37 .. 18-37 2 2 0-66 Wellington .. .. .. 95 95 976 976 95 95 1,062 .. 1,062 104 .. 104 99-19 .. 99-19 17 ..17 1-99 Wi Tako (Trentham) .. .. 62 62 9 9 235 .. 235 257 .. 257 49 .. 49 49-51 .. 49-51 3 3 0-37 Minor prisons and police-gaols .. 8 8 456 16 472 35 1 36 485 17 502 14 .. 14 17-46 0-23 17-69 5 .. 5 0-23 Police lock-ups* .. .. .. •• .. 18 .. .. .. 18 .. 18 .. .. .. 16-54 .. 16-54 Totals .. .. 966 97 1,063 3,363 293 3,656 941 25 966 4,280 328 4,608! 990 87 1,077 1,001-32 98-51 1,099-83 105 27 132 24-28 ' ___j ! * Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917.