REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1941. [In continuation of E.—1, 1941.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1942 Session I, E-01

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1942. NEW ZEALAND.

REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1941. [In continuation of E.—1, 1941.]

Presented to both Homes of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

Office of the Department of Education, Your Excellency,— Wellington, 25th July, 1942. I have the honour, in accordance with the provisions of the Education Act, 1914, to submit to Your Excellency the following report upon the progress and condition of public education in New Zealand during the year ended the 31st December, 1941. I have, &c., His Excellency the Governor-General of the H. G. R. Mason. Dominion of New Zealand.

REPORT.

Education and the War. —In the growing stress of war the Government has held fast to its faith that education is a social necessity and 110 mere luxury that can be readily abandoned when the nation turns its thoughts to sterner things. Like all civilian services, of course, the education system has had to make its sacrifices to the war effort : teachers by the hundred have entered the armed Services, the building programme has been slowed up, and many school buildings have been temporarily commandeered for military purposes. New Zealand had to make sacrifices if it was to ensure its very existence as a nation, but the Government is determined that, with the bare demands of national existence met, education must be one of the last of the services to be cut, if our children are to have a chance to build a better world than our generation has known. Expenditure. - An analysis of the expenditure on education for the year ended 31st March, 1942, shows that, as far as money could achieve it, the Government has, in spite of the war, maintained the high standard of educational services which it set itself on taking office. The total expenditure was £5,268,994, which was £132,129 less than in the previous year. Buildings.—Most of the difference was due to decreased expenditure on school buildings, on which £486,536 was spent, as against £580,470 for 1940-41. A growing shortage of labour and materials made it increasingly difficult to have building done at all, although some fine schools were completed during the year, notably Onchunga Intermediate, Pasadena Intermediate, Westport South, and Whangarei Girls' High. Major buildings under construction at the end of the year included : Tapawera Consolidated, Westport North, Lyttelton Main, Invercargill Bast Intermediate, Whangarei Girls' Hostel, Caversham Boys' Home, and buildings at Nelson College. Conveyance.—The need for economizing petrol and vehicles made it impossible to continue the policy of consolidation except in a few minor cases, but the Government placed school conveyance services high on its urgency list, and, even when the petrol situation was at its worst, it made no serious cuts in the excellent system of conveyance that it has built up for the country child. It did, however, redouble its efforts to prevent unnecessary running. The expenditure on school conveyance (other than by rail) was £257,000, as against £260,000 in the previous year. Staffing of Schools. —Large numbers of teachers had entered the armed forces under the voluntary system, and as employing Boards made very few appeals on behalf of teachers called up for military service, there was a definite shortage of teachers during the latter part of 1941. By one means or another the situation was fairly adequately met, but there is every indication that for the second half of 1942 the position will be extremely serious, and much more drastic steps will have to be taken if the education of some children is not to be seriously interfered with. In particular it will be necessary to take power to distribute the available teaching strength to the best advantage. Biennial Grading.—As the year progressed, the mere maintenance of existing standards in all departments of the education system began to demand an ever-increasing amount of effort and thought, and it would be idle to pretend that 1941 was a year of startling advances. Yet, in the face of great difficulty, some advances of a by no means negligible character were achieved. Not the least of these resulted from the introduction of a system of biennial grading of primaryschool teachers to replace the old annual grading. A proportion of the teachers felt some mistrust

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of tlie change at first ; but lam happy to say that, as a result of conferences with the New Zealand Educational Institute, it was possible to evolve a scheme that was satisfactory to all concerned. Reports that have so far come in of the first year's working of the new system indicate that most Inspectors have already taken advantage of the new freedom of action given them to develop to a greater extent than ever before that creative leadership' in the schools which should be their chief function. I am particularly anxious to see them make increasing contacts with the community, especially the parents, for it is obvious that advances in education cannot move far ahead of public opinion. I have enough faith in the modern movements developing in the schools of New Zealand to believe that parents who know exactly what is being done cannot fail to approve. School Library Service. —The amount on the estimates for public-school libraries was raised from £5,000 to £15,000. A magnificent collection of children's books has been assembled, and during 194-2 a circulating schools library system will be inaugurated by the Country Library Service. The country schools will be the first to benefit, but ultimately it is hoped to include all schools within this or kindred schemes. One or two districts already run excellent school library schemes in co-operation with municipal libraries ; but in general there has been no greater educational need in our schools than the provision of good, well-illustrated books. Unfortunately the publication of the new text-books has been indefinitely delayed by tlie paper shortage, but many are ready for printing, and the preparation of the rest is being pressed forward vigorously against the time when paper is again available. During the year the policy and format of the Education Gazette were completely altered, and it is now a well-printed journal deliberately aimed at making teachers and the public more aware of progressive developments throughout the country. Physical Education. —In no field were there more rapid advances in the schools than in physical education. The avidity with which the new syllabus has been taken up by teachers is evidence of the growing realization that education that neglects the body is woefully onesided. In 1941 nineteen additional assistants in physical education were placed strategically throughout the country in- positions from which they could influence the work of surrounding schools. In addition, four area organizers in physical education were appointed. It is planned to increase this number to sixteen in 1942. At no time in New Zealand's history could, this drive for physical education have been more opportune. An interesting by-product, it may be noted, is that many of the specialists trained under the new system have been taken over by the Army to assist with remedial physical work. Teaching Aids, Art, and Handwork. —A Supervisor of Teaching Aids was appointed during the year, and is responsible for the provision of films, film-strips, museum services, and broadcast programmes for the schools. During 1942 the whole system of school broadcasting will be reorganized with the assistance of the National Broadcasting Service. In the film-strip programme now under way special efforts are being made to develop in New Zealand children a knowledge of and a pride in local industries, both primary and secondary. The Government is grateful to the British Council for the gift of large numbers of the most recent documentary cinematograph films for use in schools : they are already becoming a powerful factor in British propaganda in the best and widest sense of the term. It is proposed to appoint a Supervisor of Art and Handwork in 1942. This appointment is in fact necessitated by war conditions, since the supplies of handwork materials usually imported are now unprocurable and it will be necessary to develop in schools handcrafts that use local raw materials. This in itself may be in the long-run an excellent step. Kindergartens. There were 1893 pupils on the rolls of the 42 kindergartens at the end of the year. The staffing of the free kindergartens has got into a desperate position owing to the dearth of trainees. War conditions which have broken up homes and often sent mothers into industry, have made the work of the kindergartens more important than ever. Provision was therefore made for bursaries (with boarding-allowances, where necessary) to be given to kindergarten trainees during their two years of training. It is anticipated that this will solve the problem of supply, but the salaries paid to trained kindergarten teachers are often so inadequate that it seems iikely that further help will have to be given to the kindergartens if the good work they are doing is not to suffer seriously. Handicapped Children. —Several new special classes for backward children were opened during the year. The Occupation Centre just opened in Cbristchurch for children not likely to benefit from the special classes has already done very fine work. Two new speech clinics were started to do speech therapy in the schools. Other appointments have been made of specialists to teach the deaf and the hard of hearing, both child and adult : the services of these teachers are available to the League for the Hard of Hearing. Secondary Schools. —The Secondary Schools Association found itself unable to agree with the scheme approved by the University for accrediting as a means of entrance to the University. I therefore called a conference of representatives of the two bodies, which worked out a modified scheme acceptable to both parties. The Government has agreed to meet the additional cost resulting from the introduction of accrediting, because it is convinced that the University Entrance Examination has for years hampered the secondary schools by imposing a limited academic course on a large number of children totally unfitted for an education of that type. Concern has from time to time been expressed at the critical reports of examiners on University Entrance standards. There is little doubt that the low level of achievement shown by a proportion of the candidates is due to the fact that they should never have entered on a Matriculation course at all. They were driven to do so by the demands of the business community for a recognizable mark of a completed secondary education. With the introduction of accrediting, the School Certificate will take the place of the University Entrance qualification for this purpose, and the choice of subjects, both academic and practical, will be so wide that every pupil should be able to take a course for which his own powers and limitations best fit him. The result should be a rise both in the standards of work and in the social utility of the secondary schools. Technical Schools. —The technical schools have been given an opportunity to do direct war work through the scheme for the training of auxiliary workers. In one or other of the technical s.chools in the foxir centres intensive courses for adult workers were run in fitting and turning, welding, clicking, and some branches of aircraft-manufacture, A remarkable level of skill, was

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attained by these men in a short time, but unfortunately only in Wellington and Christchurch were the demands of industry for this type of labour sufficient to justify the continuance of the scheme. The implications of this scheme for the future of trade training are even more important than its short-range effects, and if it is to be extended in the present emergency its repercussions on the whole technical-school system must be carefully studied. Some of the technical schools have carried out work for the armed forces, and all of them are eager to help to the full in this way. During the year a beginning was made in the technical schools with the manufacture of machine tools in some quantity. Not only does this help to meet a difficult shortage of tools, but it is also an excellent training for the boys in industrial methods. Native Schools. -The establishment on the East Coast of the first three Native district high schools marked an important change in policy, since the Government had previously made its main contribution to Maori post-primary education through scholarships at the denominational post-primary schools. The new district high schools are in no sense in competition with these older institutions, which hold a unique place in Maori life and by reason of their origin have always had a semi-official status. Indeed, last year the Government for the first time placed an item on the Education estimates designed to help the denominational Maori post-primary schools to develop more fully the practical side of their curricula. The new Native district high schools will concentrate on practical studies, with particular reference to the home and to the building industry. It is pleasing to note the rapid increase in the number of Maori boys and girls passing through the Native schools and entering training college to become fully qualified teachers. Though it was only in 1940 that the Native schools were given a special quota for training-college entrants, there will be in 1942 twenty-eight Maori students in training, most of whom intend to return to work in the Native schools. Correspondence School. -The Department's Correspondence School has continued to do excellent work for the children in isolated districts and for those unable by reason of sickness to attend ordinary schools. It is by no means improbable that a heavy additional burden may be thrown 011 this school if some small schools have to be closed owing to lack of teachers or if it becomes quite impossible to maintain all the conveyance services. Adult Education. - -Organizations associated with the Council of Adult Education have done a little work in military camps, and, if the armed forces demanded it, the Council would be willing to swing its whole weight into a scheme for education in the Services. Child Welfare. —I am happy to say that the figures for juvenile offences show 110 rise 011 last year's figures. It is an almost universal experience to find a sharp increase in juvenile delinquency in time of war : in Britain the number of offences by children under fourteen rose by 41 per cent, in the first year of the war. The rise has not been prevented in New Zealand without considerable effort. The Child Welfare Branch has intensified all forms of preventive work, and its field organization has been strained to the uttermost. The strengthening of the staff to meet the situation has proved to be a genuine economy. The Child Welfare Branch has continued to bo responsible for the children brought out from dangerous areas in Britain in 1940. The great majority of these children have adapted themselves surprisingly well to their new homes. Schools and the War Eifort. —Schools of all types have thrown themselves vigorously into the war effort : the collection of waste, ergot, and seaweeds, the making of clothing, nets, first-aid equipment, and comforts for the forces, and the raising of funds for patriotic purposes have found ready workers in the schools. The Native schools in one effort raised enough money to buy a travelling canteen for the Maori Battalion. The staffs of post-primary schools have given invaluable help with the Air Force pre-entry training scheme. The Air Training Corps has proved popular in these schools, thirty-four units having been formed during the year. It is noticeable in travelling through New Zealand what a prominent part teachers are taking, especially in country areas, in E.P.S. and Home Guard activities. Staff Changes.—During the year the Department lost through retirement the services of two old and valued servants, Mr. E. J. Parr, Chief Inspector of Secondary Schools, and Mr. A. J. H. Bcnge, the Secretary. Mr. E. Caradus replaced Mr. Parr, whilst still retaining his position as Director of Educational Services in the Air Department. Acknowledgments.—Last year must have been one of the most difficult the education system has ever known, and I sincerely wish to express the Government's appreciation of the fine work done in most trying circumstances by controlling authorities, teachers, Committees, and all the men and women, paid and unpaid, who took up new and extra burdens during 1941 so that the services given to the children of New Zealand should not fail.

TABLES. Note.—-Owing to the paper shortage certain tables have been omitted this year. They will be reinstated as soon as conditions permit. For particulars of expenditure on education, including capital expenditure 011 new buildings, &c., usually included in Tables B I and B 2 see the appendix to to this report. Table C I.—PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS BY GRADE. Grade Number of Schools. Grade. Number of Schools. I (1-8) .. .. ..123 VA (191 230) .. .. 30 II (9-24) .. .. • ■ 706 Vb (231-270) .. .. 42 lIIa (25-30) .. ..130 Vc (271-310).. .. 27 1118 (31-70) .. ..567 VD (311-350).. .. 17 697 — 116 IVa (71-110) .. ■■ 194 VI (351-870).. .. .. 175 IVB (111-150) .. .. 78 IVc (151-190) .. .. 60 2,149 332 =— Three half-time and forty-one schools with side schools attached are counted as separate schools.

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Table D.—ROLL NUMBERS at Educational Institutions (exclusive of University Colleges and Kindergarten Schools).

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Total Total , Number Number Children. Adolescents. Adults. Type of School. on the Roll on the . J r on the Roll 011 1st July, 1st July, Under 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16-17 17-18 18-19 19-20 20-21 21 Years 1940. 1941. 10 Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. and over. III ! I i r~ Public primary schools .. 190,997 190,103 105,136 23,548 21,823 19,869 14,411 4,560 694 56 6 Special classes for backward 816 767 113 95 133 149 147 71 26 13 20 children Native village schools (primary) 10,539 10,651 5,842 1,233 1,077 1,068 889 420 111 10 1 Native mission and boarding 680 680 347 78 84 86 52 30 3 schools (private primary)* Public primary schools, Chatham 138 134 59 20 16 15 12 9 2 1 j Islands Secondary schools, lower depart- 188 148 27 22 41 24 21 9 3 1 ments Private primary schools* .. 26,924 26,926 13,661 3,301 3,351 3,231 2,287 828 212 44 8 2 1 i Intermediate schools and depart- 5,710 6,699 .. 70 889 2,416 2,383 792 135 12 1 1 ments Secondary departments of district 6,125 5,852 .. .. 2 89 920 2,001 1,594 830 319 78 18 1 high schools Secondary schools .. .. 15,698 14,950 .. .. 4 190 2,333 4,713 3,974 2,465 1,003 238 26 4 Combined schools .. .. 3,126 3,053 .. .. 1 36 436 972 878 475 204 39 11 .. 1 Technical high and day schools .. 10,188 9,257 .. .. 1 71 1,585 3,573 2,617 1,008 293 62 15 6 26 Part-time students at day and 16,151 15,152 .. .. 20 20 92 595 1,771 2,844 2,623 1,952 1,123 627 3,485 night classes Native secondary schools* — Primary .. .. .. 76 82 7 10 15 16 12 14 6 2 Post-primary .. .. 432 444 .. .. .. .. 24 100 117 105 58 33 5 2 Endowed and registered private 5,947 6,007 .. .. 10 172 985 1,629 1,532 1,119 453 95 9 1 2 secondary schools* Correspondence school —- Primary .. .. .. 1,749 1,805 948 178 152 146 136 102 53 27 15 9 7 14 18 Secondary .. .. .. 745 711 .. .. .. 21 120 200 165 119 54 19 9 2 2 Training-colleges .. .. 1,457 1,503 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 172 450 470 226 185 Schools for mentally backward, &c. 231 235 16 20 24 22 34 48 42 17 5 3 4 School for the deaf .. .. 101 115 41 10 8 12 13 14 10 7 New Zealand Institute for the Blind 37 32 9 4 2 8 3 3 1 2.. Grand totals .. .. 298,055 295,306 126,206 28,589 27,653 27,661 26,895 20,683 13,946 9,155 5,237 2,981 1 694 886 3 720 , Estimated population (inclusive of .. .. 129,800f 111,900 28,500 28,800 i 28,800 28,800 28,700 28,900 28,300 25,300± Maoris) at 1st July, 1941 j 1 ■ * Native mission schools are registered private primary schools, and three Native secondary schools are registered private secondary schools, but in this table these schools are considered, respectively, missions schools and Native post-primary schools. f Estimated population five years of age but under ten years of age. { Estimated population twenty-one years of age and under twenty -two years of age.

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Table E2.—AGE AND CLASSIFICATION of Pupils at Public Primary Schools, 1st July, 1941.

Table E1.—NUMBERS OF FULL-TIME PUPILS, 1st July, 1941.

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Special Qass 'tally'lia'i™ ; c,a38 Standard I. Standard n. Standard III. Standard IV. Form I. Form II. Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Type of School. ward. j s 1 . ' | Boys. Girls., Boya Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. ' Girls. — —— r i - . . ! Public primary .. .. 466 30128,71125,09712,57411,34512,55511,55813,82012,73613,38913,056 9,649 9,478 8,056 8,003 36 40 .. 99,256 91,614 Native— Europeans.. 189 145 59 67 75 57 64 66 46 63 40 63 45 34 1 2 .. .. 519 497 Maoris .. 2,300 1,897 741 676 596 558 589 598 410 394 260 285 133 181 9 8 .. 5,038 4,597 Public primary—Chatham .... 25 17 4 7 18 14 8 7 7 6' 8 8 : 1 2 1 1 72 62 Islands Private primary and lower .. .. 3,295 3,312 1,619 1,673 1,626 1,681 1,819 1,916 1,865 1,933 1,719 1,861 1,504 1,632 105 276 .. ! 13,552 14,284 departments of secondary Intermediate .. 1,751 1,577 1,657 1,573 49 92 3,457 3,242 secondary departments of district high schools 1,1701,325 743 924 640 863 58 129 2,611 3,241 secondary.. .. 2,4002,4202,097 2,2012,6302,177 536 489 7,663 7,287 Combined .. 543 490 522 421 541 365 98 73 1,704 1,349 lecnnical .. 2,4231,8691,6731,323 915 762 155 137 5,166 4,091 Endowed and registered private 9121,121 877 929 943 960 257 210 2,989 3,220 secondary Correspondence— Primary .. 64 61 284 292 91 110 65 105 84 112 56 109 79 93 59 98 *31 *12 813 992 Secondary 146 263 37 124 27 102 1 11 211 500 Totals • ■ • • 530 362 34,80430,76015,08813,87814,93513,97316,38415.43515,773 15,56113,50613,36511,455 11,523 7,826 7,919 5,949 5,922 5,696 5,2291,1051,049143,051 134,976 •Adult section.

Backward'cMkton. Class P " Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. Standard IV. Form 1. Form II. Form III, Totals. Age. ; Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 5 and under 6 .. .. 1 9,564 9,143 .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. __ 9 564 9 145 6 ,, 7 3 3 10,767 9,721 306 431 3 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. ll'o79 lo'l57 7 ,, 8 8 2 6,057 4,711 4,538 5,331 317 480 6 5.... 10 926 10*529 8 9 -• 16 20 1.717 1,089 4,976 3,958 4,177 4,869 331 498 8 9 .! " !! " " ll'225 lo'443 9 " 10 37 23 417 282 1,878 1,117 4,764 4,072 4,073 4,734 293 481 3 6 1 ll'465 lo'716 J? » I 1 , • • 57 38 132 106 597 339 2,182 1,491 5,285 4,717 3,667 4,447 238 333 7 7 .. 12'l65 11'478 11 " 12 •• 91 42 31 29 190 110 820 446 2,703 1,921 5,342 5,348 1,940 2,570 154 219 .. .. 11,271 10^685 " If • 9 Z 52 20 I 2 56 39 202 148 1,035 637 2,765 2,011 4,197 4,339 1,922 2,484 1 1 10,295 9,723 J"? If " fjj 62 4 3 19 16 60 36 329 179 1,078 628 2,377 1,742 3,958 3,961 12 9 7,922 6,636 * 4 1? •• 3 ® 33 2 1 11 1 24 12 49 40 209 116 785 433 1,671 1,168 16 22 2,805 1,826 " 1° • 18 ® • ■ • • 2 1 6 2 S 4 23 14 95 52 326 154 3 4 481 239 lo " 17 7 .. .. .. 1 .. i a 4 2 12 3 16 9 3 4 42 27 17 " 1° • ■ 1° 1° • • 1 • • • ■ ■ • • ■ .. .. 2 2 1 16 10 Totals •• 466 3 °1 28,711 25,097 12,574 11,345 12,555 11,558 13,820 12,736 13,389 13,056 9,649 9,478 8,056 8,003 36 40 99,256 91,614 Median age, in 12 3 12 5 6 5 6 4 8 3 8 0 9 4 9 1 10 6 10 3 11 6 11 4 12 8 12 5 13 6 13 4 14 4 14 6 years and months

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Table E3.—AGE AND CLASSIFICATION of Pupils at Public Post-primary Schools, 1st July, 1941.

Table E4.—AGE AND CLASSIFICATION of Pupils at Registered Private Secondary and Endowed Schools, 1st July, 1941.

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Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls. Under 11 years 11 and under 12 .. .. 3 5 .. . . . . .. .. •. 3 5 12 „ 13 .. .. 172 206 6 2 178 208 13 „ 14 .. .. 2,256 2,565 205 244 3 1 .. 2,464 2,810 14 „ 15 .. .. 3,054 2,601 2,396 2,561 308 332 3 4 5,761 5,498 15 „ 16 .. .. 894 646 1,945 1,703 1,898 1,825 84 68 4,821 4,242 ]6 „ 17 .. .. 140 75 440 322 1,728 1,419 342 312 2,650 2,128 17 „ 18 .. .. 14 5 41 33 623 480 311 312 989 8:0 18 „ 19 .. .. 3 2 4 139 '75 90 104 234 183 19 „ 20 .. .. . . .. .• ■■ 21 20 14 15 35 35 20 „ 21 . . 2 5 1 2 3 7 21 and over .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 4 10 2 11 6 22 Totals .. .. 6,536 6,104 5,035 4,869 4,726 4,167 847 828 17,144 15,968 Median age, in years and months 14 3 14 1 15 0 14 10 16 I 16 0 17 0 17 1

Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. I Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. ! I 1 11 and under 12 . . . . 1 9 . . . . . . . . .. • • 1 9 12 „ 13 .. .. 54 113 2 3 56 116 13 „ 14 .. .. 347 462 97 82 6 4 450 548 14 „ 15 .. .. 355 419 358 388 73 78 I 1 787 886 15 ' 16 . . .. 122 101 301 331 343 355 27 10 793 797 16 , 17 .. .. 27 12 105 112 341 370 112 85 585 579 17 „ 18 .. .. 4 4 12 13 137 142 75 87 228 246 18 „ 19 .. .. 2 1 1 .. 37 8 39 24 79 33 19 „ 20 .. 2 3 3 3 5 6 20 „ 21 1 2 3 21 and over .. .. . . . . • • • • 2 . . . . . . 2 "Totals .. .. 912 1,121 877 929 943 960 257 210 2,989 3,220 Median age, in years and 14 2 13 11 14 11 15 0 16 2 16 1 16 11 17 1 months

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Table E5.-AGE AND CLASSIFICATION of Pupils at Registered Private Primary Schools and Lower Departments of Secondary Schools, 1st July, 1941.

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Table E6.—AGE AND CLASSIFICATION of Pupils at Intermediate Schools and Departments, 1st July, 1941.

Table K2.—SIZE OF CLASSES in Public Primary Schools of Grade IV and over.

Table N. —AGES at which Pupils begin Post-primary Course.

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Form I. Form II. Form III. Totals. Boys, i Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls, j Boys. Girls. _ I J I I Under 10 years 10 and under 11 .. 29 41 .. .. .. .. 29 41 11 „ 12 .. 414 420 27 28 .. .. 441 448 12 „ 13 .. 792 764 403 456 L .. 1,196 1,220 13 „ 14 .. 389 282 852 818 13 29 1,254 1,129 14 „ 15 .. 108 66 307 240 26 45 441 351 15 16 .. 15 4 62 30 8 16 85 50 16 and over .. .. 4 .. 6 I 1 2 11 3 Totals .. 1,751 1,577 1,657 1,573 49 92 3,457 3,242 Median age, in years and 12 7 12 5 13 6 13 4 14 5 14 5 months

-- I February, 1935. February, ]941.* February, 1942.* Number of Children. , *c£Z? | Classes. Under 31 .. 016 20-6 743 21-9 682 20-2 31_40 .. 1,011 33-8 1,077 31-7 1,135 33-5 41-50 .. 1,007 33-7 1,171 34-5 1,123 33-2 51-60 .. .. •• 349 11-6 403 11-9 447 13-1 61 and over .. .. 9 0-3 Totals .. .. 2,992 100-0 3,394 100-0 3,387 100-0 * The Teachers' Salaries Regulations 1938 provided new grades for public schools. Since this year schools of Grade IVb (roll minimum of 111) have been included. A Grade IV school under the previous regulations had a minimum average attendance of 121. Hence a few more schools with lower rolls have been included since 1938.

Age at which Post-primary Course begun. Total Numbers beginning , v Post-primary Type of School. U ytars 12 Years. 13 Years. 14 Years. a nd over! Education. I I I « I Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. ! Girls. Boys. ! Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Secondary 9 11 267 331 1,215 1,387 759 575 167 99 2,417 2,403 Combined 3 2 42 70 242 267 206 124 87 24 580 487 Technical.. 1 1 115 130 944 816 1,028 723 462 218 2,550 1,888 District High .. 4 6 143 184 604 693 394 395 112 118 1,257 1,396 Correspondence .. .. 3 12 21 46 58 32 52 5 23 95 157 Totals .. 17 23 579 736 3,051 3,221 2,419 1,869 833 482 6,899 6,331

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Table O 1. —PROBABLE DESTINATION, Public Primary Schools' Pupils, 1941.

Table O 2.-PROBABLE DESTINATION, Intermediate Schools and Departments' Pupils, 1941.

2—E. 1.

9

Totals. With Primary Without Primary School Certificate. School Certificate. Destination. Boys. Oirla. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Number. Number. Post-primary .. .. .. 5,900 6,169 186 85 6,086 62-4 6,254 67-6 Clerical (including typing)— (a) Government and local body 57 22 .. 2 57 0 • 6 24- 0 • 3 (.b) Banks, insurance, legal, com- 29 21 15 6 46 0-5 27 0-3 mercial houses, shops, and warehouses Shop and warehouse assistants .. 315 185 125 75 440 4-5 260 2-8 Manual trades — (a) Government and local body 9 1 6 1 15 0- 2 2* (b) Building .. .. 42 .. 29 .. 71 0-7 (c) Motor engineering.. .. 44 .. 28 .. 72 0-7 (d) General engineering .. 42 .. 13 3 55 0-6 3 * (e) Printing .. .. .. 14 5 3 1 17 0-2 6 0*1 (/) Other trades .. .. 133 66 128 22 261 2-7 88 0-9 Farming .. .. .. 833 101 719 56 1,552 15-9 157 1-7 Factory operatives .. .. 159 234 153 163 312 3-2 397 4-3 Other occupations .. .. 180 159 197 117 377 3-9 276 3-0 At home .. .. .. 93 873 152 740 245 2-5 1,613 17-4 Not known .. .. .. 60 77 78 71 138 1-4 148 1-6 Totals .. .. 7,910 7,913 1,834 1,342 9,744 100-0 9,255 100-0 * Insignificant percentage.

Boys. Girls. Occupation. | First Second Third T . r>tn i Per- First Second Third T . , PerYear. Year. Year. ' centage. Year. Year. Year. ° a ' centage. Post-primary .. .. 27 1,303 II 1,341 73-7 14 1,261 24 1,299 73-1 Clerical, including typing — (а) Government or local- .. 6 1 7 0-4.. 1 1 2 0-1 body service (б) Banks, insurance, legal, .. 4 2 6 0-3 .. 1 12 13 0-7 commercial houses, shops, and warehouses Shop and warehouse assistants 17 93 23 133 7-3 15 81 20 116 6-5 Manual trades — (а) Government or local- .. 3 1 4 0-2 body service (б) Building .. ..1 9 6 16 0-9 (c) Motor engineering .. 2 18 2 22 1-2 (d) General engineering .. 2 13 3 18 1-0 (e) Printing .. .... 5 2 7 0-4.. 1 2 3 0-2 (/) Other trades .. 8 40 9 57 3-1 4 19 24 47 2-6 Farming .. .. .. 22 48 7 77 4-2 .. 1 .. 1 0-1 Factory operatives.. .. 16 30 10 56 3-1 12 58 19 89 5-1 Other occupations .. .. 5 25 3 33 1-8 1 18 3 22 1-2 Home .. .. •• 3 12 15 0-8 35 97 20 152 8-6 Not known .. .. 8 20 1 29 1-6 3 29 32 1-8 Totals .. .. Ill 1,629 81 1,821 100-0 84 1,567 125 1,776 100-0

E.—l.

Table O 3.—PROBABLE DESTINATION, Post-primary Schools' Pupils, 1941.

10

„ , „ , „ . , Technical High and Secondary Departments of rr„*-i_ Secondary Schools. Combined Schools. Day Scho e oK District High Schools. Totals - Occupation. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Nnm- Per Num- Per Num- Per Hum- Per Num- Per Norn- Per Niim- Per Nam- Per Num- Per Num- Per ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. University college .. .. 185 6-9 104 3-8 28 4-9 7 1-5 24 0-9 5 0-2 10 0-8 9 0-7 247 3-4 125 1-9 Teaching or training college .. 90 3-4 211 7-7 7 1-2 35 7-3 12 0-4 41 2-0 36 2-8 105 7-8 145 2-0 392 6-0 Professional engineering, 26 1-0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 1-0 .. .. 5 0-4 .. .. 57 0-8 surveying, architecture Clerical (including typing)— (a) Government and local body 371 13-9 153 5-6 59 10-2 30 6-3 163 6-0 124 6-2 212 16-4 137 10-2 805 11-1 444 6-7 (b) Banks, insurance, legal, 551 20-6 839 30-5 83 14-4 121 25-4 187 6-9 651 32-6 64 4-9 243 18-0 885 12-2 1,854 28-2 commercial houses, shops, and warehouses Shop and warehouse assistants 269 10-1 340 12-3 53 9-3 74 15-5 285 10-6 278 13-9 139 10-7 178 13-2 746 10-3 870 13-2 Manual trades — (а) Government and loeal body 47 1-8 2 0-1 22 3-8 .. .. 161 6-0 3 0-2 20 1-5 3 0-2 250 3-5 8 0-1 (б) Building .. .. 29 1-1 .. .. 14 2-4 .. 132 4-9 .. .. 32 2-5 .. .. 207 2-9 (c) Motor engineering .. 51 1-9 .. .. 19 3-3 .. .. 147 5-5 .. .. 37 2-9 .. .. 254 3-5 (d) General engineering .. 58 2-2 .. .. 31 5-4 .. .. 326 12-1 .. .. 14 1-1 .. .. 429 5-9 (e) Printing .. .. 30 1-1 .. 9 1-5.. .. 56 2-1 10 0-5 6 0-5 2 0-1 101 1-4 12 0-2 (/) Other trades .. .. 146 5-5 32 1-2 29 5-0 2 0-4 274 10-2 75 3-8 73 5-6 6 0-4 522 7-2 115 1-8 Farming .. .. .. 445 16-7 36 1-3 132 23-0 29 6-1 457 16-9 6 0-3 497 38-4 25 1-8 1,531 21-2 96 1-5 Factory operatives .. .. 31 1-2 29 1-0 7 1-2 5 1-1 74 2-7 74 3-7 28 2-2 12 0-9 140 1-9 120 1-8 Other occupations .. .. 199 7-4 354 12-9 56 9-9 38 7-9 159 5-9 189 9-5 62 4-8 98 7-3 476 6-6 679 10-3 Home .. .. .. 42 1-6 571 20-7 5 0-9 103 21-6 36 1-3 448 22-4 25 1-9 496 36-7 108 1-5 1,618 24-6 Not known .. .. 97 3-6 80 2-9 21 3-6 33 6-9 179 6-6 93 4-7 35 2-6 36 2-7 332 4-6 242 3-7 Totals .. .. 2,667 100-0 2,751 100-0 575 100-0 477 100-0 2,698 100-0 1,997 100-0 1,295 100-0 1,350 100-0 7,235 100-0 6,575 100-0 * Insignificant percentage.

E.—1,

Table Q2. —LENGTH OF POST-PRIMARY COURSE.

TABLE Q3.—Number of PUPILS AT EVENING TECHNICAL AND PART-TIME DAY CLASSES.

Table R. —Number of Pupils at NATIVE SCHOOLS, etc.

Table.—MANUAL INSTRUCTION.

Table W.—Number of Students in the various TRAINING COLLEGES at December.

3—E. I.

11

Secondary Combined District High j AU SchooR Sehools - I Sohools - Day Schools. Schools - Number. Number. Number. | j Number. | J Number, j Leaving in first year .. 672 12 161 15 1,208 26 700 27 2,741 19 Leaving in second year 1,379 26 290 28 1,768 38 805 30 4,242 31 Leaving in third year .. 1,369 25 367 35 1,132 24 552 21 3,420 25 Leaving in fourth year 1,998 37 234 22 587 12 588 22 3,407 25 or later Totals .. 5,418 100 1,052 100 4,695 100 2,645 100 13,810 100 Note.—The approximate average length of school life of pupils attending post-primary schools was : Secondary schools, 2 years 10 months ; combined schools, 2 years 8 months ; technical high and day schools, 2 years 3 months ; secondary departments of district high schools, 2 years 5 months ; all post-primary schools, 2 years 6 months.

Number on Roll, ! Number holding Number July. I Free Places. Year. of ! i Centres. Males. Females. Males. Females. 1939 .. .. 144 11,728 5,901 7,900 3,301 1940 . .. 138 10,315 5,836 7,621 3,238 1941 . .. 126 8,894 6,258 7,231 3,467

1941. I 1940. Schools. Roll. j Schools. Roll. Native village schools .. .. •• 149 10,651 146 10,539 Mission and boarding schools (primary) .. 10 G80 10 680 Public schools with Native children enrolled 875 12,712 840 12,477 Totals .. .. 1,034 24,043 996 23,696 Note. Of the pupils enrolled at Native village schools, 1,199 in 1941 and 1,068 in 1940 were Europeans.

Number of Number of Pupils attending Schools Centres. from which „B'.V Public primary and Native schools .. .. .. 903 14,973 14,484 Intermediate schools and departments .. .. .. 19 3,406 3,184 Secondary departments of district high schools .. .. 84 1,879 2,172 Private schools .. • ■ • • • • • • 188 2,292 2,246 Totals 1,194 22,550 22,086 Note. —There were 154 manual-training centres during 1941.

1941. 1940. College. 1 Men. Women. Total. Men. Women. Total. Auckland . .. • ■ 196 369 565 246 306 552 Wellington .. .. .. 105 227 332 124 192 316 Christcliurch .. ■ ■ • ■ 91 234 325 108 199 307 Dunedin.. .. .. 105 184 289 114 171 285 Totals .. .. .. 497 1,014 1,511 592 868 1,460

E.—l

Table.—NUMBER OF CHILDREN under Supervision of the Child Welfare Branch at 31st March.

Table.—Particulars relating to TEACHERS' SUPERANNUATION FUND at 31st January, 1942. 1941-42. 1940-41. £ £ Balance at credit of fund at end of year .. .. .. .. 954,640 974,885 Income for the year — Members'contributions .. •• •• •• 173,508 170,297 Interest .. ■■ •• •• •• •• 42,362 42,021 Government subsidy .. .. •• •• •• 155,628 166,917 Total income .. .. •• ■■ £371,498 £379,235 Expenditure: Retiring and other allowances, refunds, &c. .. .. £391,74-3 £371,426 Number of contributors at 31st January . . .. . . . . 9,827 9,463 Number of members admitted during period . . . . .. . . 905 983 Number retiring from the fund during period .. .. .. .. 541 525 Number of allowances in force at 31st January .. .. .. 2,211 2,127 Representing an annual charge of .. .. .. •• •• £350,850 £336,569 Funds in hands of Public Trustee at 31st January .. .. .. £966,450 £964,635

12

1940. 1941. 1942. State wards — In foster-homes, hostels, and with friends .. .. .. .. 2,617 2,559 2,563 In situations, including those absent without leave .. .. .. 931 986 1,106 In Government institutions, receiving-homes, &c. . . .. .. 238 229 231 In private institutions .. .. .. . • • • • • 86 105 127 In Roman Catholic institutions recognized under Child Welfare Act .. 54 77 98 In special schools for backward children . . . . . . .. 207 189 131 In School for the Deaf, Sumner . . . . . . .. .. 3 In refuges or cognate institutions . . . . . . .. ■ • 42 51 36 In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. . . .. .. .. 124 30 26 In residential colleges (mostly Maori children) . . .. .. 18 14 12 Subtotal .. .. .. .. • ■ • • • • 4,320 4,240 4,330 British children . . . . . . ■ • • • • • • • ■ • 202 203 Other than State wards— Young persons supervised by Child Welfare Officers in their own homes, 1,041 1,109 1,123 with relatives, or with friends, pursuant to orders of Courts Infants supervised in foster-homes registered under the Infants Act . . 623 581 627 Pupils at School for the Deaf, Sumner (other than State wards included 100 117 110* in figures above) Pupils at schools for mentally backward, Otekaike and Richmond (other 33 47 52 than State wards included in figures above) Children supervised as preventive cases .. .. .. 1,906 1,739 1,960 Children in New Zealand Institute for Blind for whom the Department 20 24 19 makes payment Subtotal . 3,723 3,617 3,891 Grand total . . . . ■. • • • • • • 8,043 8,059 8,424 *At 31st December, 1941.

E.—l,

APPENDIX. STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND RECOVERIES in respect of all services under the control or supervision of the Minister of Education during the year ended 31st March, 1942.

13

General Administration. £ £ £ Salaries and allowances, Head Office staff .. .. .. 42,052 Salaries, Inspectors in Head Office .. .. .. 3,440 45,492 Travelling expenses and allowances .. .. .. .. 1,004 Education Gazette .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,121 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,186 52,803 Less recoveries .. 2,238 50,565 Primary Education (including Intermediate Schools or Departments under Control of Education Boards). Teachers'salaries and allowances .. .. .. 2,057,137 Education Boards : Administration .. .. .. 40,057 School Committees: Grants .. .. .. .. 155,533 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,804 — 2,257,531 School buildings (maintenance) .. .. .. .. .. 189,101 Free kindergarten .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,694 Conveyance of children (£220,380), and board (£9,013) .. .. 229,393 Conveyance of instructors .. .. .. .. .. 7,999 Correspondence School .. .. .. .. .. .. 16,912 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10,894 Inspection of schools .. .. .. .. .. .. 39,077 School Joumal .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,294 Manual instruction .. .. .. .. .. .. 117,961 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,444 2,885,300 Less recoveries .. 5,333 2,879,967 Post-primary Education (including Intermediate Departments attached to Secondary and Technical Schools). Teachers'salaries and allowances .. .. .. .. 631,755 Grants to controlling authorities .. .. .. .. .. 107,529 Manual instruction .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,919 Conveyance (£44,865), and board (£34,579) .. .. .. 79,444 Inspectors: Salaries and allowances .. .. .. .. 7,541 War bursaries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7,692 School buildings: Maintenance .. .. .. .. .. 21,128 Correspondence School .. .. .. .. .. .. 21,934 Reserves revenue paid to high school Boards .. .. .. 10,027 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,303 898,272 Less recoveries .. 3,989 894,283 Higher Education. Statutory grants— University of New Zealand .. .. .. .. 8,700 University colleges .. .. .. .. .. 102,862 —— — 111,562 Scholarships and bursaries .. .. .. .. .. 43,147 Adult education .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 ,000 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,154 168,863 Less recoveries .. 480 — T 168,383 Training Colleges and Training of Teachers. Salaries of staff, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37,578 Allowances and fees of students .. .. .. .. .. 155,281 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,019 197,878 Less recoveries .. 65 197,813 Native Schools. Salaries and expenses of teachers .. .. .. .. 129,449 Conveyance and board of pupils .. .. .. .. .. 17,909 Manual instruction, books, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 5,464 Buildings: Maintenance .. .. .. .. .. 12,356 Scholarships .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,324 Inspection .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,010 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 279 176,791 Less recoveries .. 971 175,820

E.—l.

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc.—continued.

SUMMARY. Consolidated Fund— 4,503,118 Vote, Education .. • • • • • • • * ' ' '' '' ' 2'300 Vote, Internal Affairs .. • • • • • • • • * * "' '" ' ' 105 000 Finance Act, 1941 (section 7) .. • • • • • • • • * * *' ' * ' 132 Unauthorized .. • • • • • • \ 14*3 407 Education Reserves Act, 1928, sections 23 and 30 (primary-education reserves revenue) .. - - Education Reserves Act, 1928, sections 23 and 30 (secondary-education reserves revenue) .. .. 10,0/7 Akaroa and Hokitika High Schools (reserve revenue) . . ■ - • ■ ■ • • ■ • • Tauranga Education Endowment Reserves Act, 1896 (reserves revenue) .. • • • ■ • • Public Revenues Act, 1926, section 133 (Fire Insurance Fund) .. •• •• > Public Works Fund, vote, Education buildings .. .. ■ • • • • • • • • • ' 5,223,581 Less recoveries other than credits-in-aid .. 4,963 £5,218,618 Revenue from reserves of post-primary schools (£33,528) and University colleges (£16,849) was also available for expenditure. Approximate Cost of Paper— Preparation, not given ; printing (837 copies), £33.

By Authority: E. V. Paul, Government, Printer, Wellington.—l 942.

Price 6d.

14

Physical Instruction. £ £ „ Salaries and expenses of Instructors, &c. Education of the Blind. Grants, fees, &c. Education of the Deaf. Salaries and expenses of staff and inmates Schools for the Mentally Backward. 2Q 10g Salaries and expenses of staff and inmates Child Welfare. 5Q3 Salaries and travelling-expenses of staff . . .. • • • - 82'092 Boarding-out of children . . •• •• •• Maintenance of children and staff in institutions .. . • • • 15' 200 Miscellaneous (buildings, &c.) .. • • • • • • • • ' 197,732 Less recoveries, fees, board, &c. .. •• 164 173 Miscellaneous. „ . ,. . . 4,034 Examinations .. • • • • l56 g gl Teachers'Superannuation Fund .. •• •• •• •• o'g70 Other • • • ■ • • • • ' ' '' '' 162,995 Less recoveries, examination fees, &c. .. 9,263 153 732 Country Library Service. „ Jg2 Salaries and expenses of staff .. •• " 7'993 Purchase and binding of books .. • • * • ■ * *' Sundries . • • • • • '' ' ' '' '' _J_ 14,882 Less recoveries and subscriptions, &c. .. 3,328 11,554 Capital Expenditure. Public Works Consolidated Fund: Sites, buildings, equipment, &c. 2 |^ 09 Vote, Education. Public schools .. • • • • • 1 Oil Training colleges .. •• •• g > ? 1^53 Secondary schools .. •• 39,260 2,508 Technical schools .. •• •• •• ' 9 Native schools .. 4 8,934 -,948 Universities Schools for feeble-minded .. .. • • • • School for deaf .. •• •• •• •• Child welfare .. • • • ■ • • • • '> :* Wellington Education Board Offices .. • • ■ • __ _ 465,686 20,851 Less recoveries (sale of sites, &c., and recoveries on 14,555 account of expenditure of past years) 9n Net expenditure on new buildings, &c. ■■ 451,131 zu,aoi 471 982 Net total, including new buildings, &c. •• •• 5,218,618