PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1940-41.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1941 Session I, H-20

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1941. NEW ZEALAND.

PRISONS (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1940-41.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

The Hon. the Minister of Justice to His Excellency the Governor-General. Wellington, 23rd July, 1941. I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the report on the prisons and Borstals of the Dominion for the year 1940-41. I have, &c., H. G. R. Mason, Minister of Justice.

The Controller-General of Prisons to the Hon. the Minister of Justice. I have the honour to present the annual report of the Prisons Department for the financial year ended 31st March, 1941, showing also the criminal statistics for the calendar year ending 31st December, 1940. This report, on account of the shortage of paper and the present need for economy, is much abridged. The customary reports from officers controlling institutions have been omitted. These reports show that steady progress has been maintained in the various institutional activities and in the general treatment of prisoners. Appreciative references are made by Controlling Officers to the help given by voluntary organizations, clergymen, and other persons, who have co-operated with the Department in an endeavour to exert a socializing influence on inmates and have assisted in after-care work. The general conduct of prisoners has been good, with the exception of three instances of assaults on prison officers in attempts to escape. Such incidents, fortunately, are rare happenings in New Zealand. Prison Statistics. The statistical tables appended to this report show a considerable diminution in the number of prisoners received into the various prison institutions during 1940 in comparison with receptions in 1939. The figures show that the total number received last year was 3,596, as against 4,055 in 1939, a decrease of 459. The ratio of distinct prisoners received to each 10,000 of general population has also declined, the figures being 13-44 in 1940, as against 15-38 during the previous year. The daily average number in custody last year was slightly higher than in 1939, mainly due to a decrease in sentences under one month with a corresponding increase in terms exceeding one year. The " receptions," together with the ratio of prisoners to population and the daily average number in custody, during the years 1930, 1935, 1939, and 1940 are summarized in the following table :—

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Year. Total Receptions. Ratio to 10,000. Daily Average. 1940 .. .. .. .. 3,596 2,201 13-44 914 1939 .. .. .. 4,055 2,505 15-38 909 1935 .. .. .. .. 3,409 2,158 13-76 1,212 1930 .. .. .. .. 4,909 2,864 19-19 1,466

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Length of Sentences. The following table shows particulars of the sentences imposed by the Courts during the past three years and the proportion of each group to the total number of persons received : —

It will bo observed from the above figures that proportionately there has been a steady diminution during the past three years in sentences under one month, while terms of one year and up to three years have increased. In spite of this, however, sentences under three months represented over 59 per cent, of the total number imposed during 1940. Nature of Offences. The following comparative table covering the past six years shows the number of offences classified under three main headings—offences against the person, offences against property, and miscellaneous offences. It will be observed that although there has been a decrease of 300 in the number of offences dealt with in 1940 in comparison with 1939, there has been little variation in the number of offences against the person or in offences against property.

Nationality of Offenders. The following table covering receptions during the past five years, classified on a nationality basis, shows that the number of New-Zealand-born offenders (exclusive of Maoris) decreased from 1,427 in 1939 to 1,257 in 1940, while the number of Maoris received increased from 310 to 330. It is regrettable that the number of Maori offenders continue to increase from year to year at a rate which is quite out of proportion to the increase in the general population. The large majority of the Maori offenders were under thirty years of age, their offences being mainly theft, assault, and crime of a sexual nature.

Age of Offenders. A further increase in the number of offenders under the age of twenty years is revealed by the statistics. During the past five years there has been a steady increase in the number of youthful offenders committed to prison institutions, while crime among persons over the age of thirty years shows a tendency to decrease. It will be observed from the table hereunder that offenders under the age of twenty numbered 203 in 1940, as against 96 in 1936, an increase of 111 per cent. This unsatisfactory

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„ _ . Percentage to Total Number Number of Prisoners. sentenced. Term of Sentence. 1938. 1939. 1940. 1938. 1939. 1940. Under one month .. .. .. 873 964 774 39-3 38-5 35-2 One month and under three months .. 514 642 527 23-1 25-7 23-9 Three months and under six months .. 291 286 260 13-1 11-3 11-9 Six months and under twelve months .. 161 194 210 7-3 7-7 9-6 One year and under three years .." .. 287 320 362 12-9 12-7 16-4 Three years and under five years .. .. 79 76 57 3-5 3-1 2-5 Five years and over .. .. .. 19 23 11 0-8 0-9 0-5 Totals .. .. .. 2,224 2,505 2,20] 100-0 100-0 1.00-0

I v | Offences against Offences against Miscellaneous T , , na '' : the Person. Property. Offences. 1940 .. .. 238 789 1,174 2,201 1939 .. .. 238 777 1,490 2,505 1938 .. .. 197 740 1,287 2,224 1937 .. .. 191 675 1,125 1,991 1936 .. .. 189 599 1,002 1,790 1935 175 887 1,096 2,158

New-Zealand- ... , , Year. I born (excluding Maoris. , ™ 18 . n( Total. | Maoris). g j Forel « n " 1940 .. .. 1,257 330 614 2,201 1939 .. .. 1,427 310 768 2,505 1938 .. 1,248 252 724 2,224 1937 .. .. 1,383 257 351 1,991 1936 .. .. 1,022 199 569 1,790

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state cannot be attributed to any difficulty in obtaining suitable employment on leaving school. The nature of the offences, a matter which will be referred to in another section of this report, would indicate that the cause is more likely to be a lack of discipline and parental control and training.

Miscellaneous. Deaths. —There was one death, recorded during the year, that of a prisoner who died at the Waikeria Reformatory as the result of a fatal dive while bathing in the river. Executions. —Nil. Floggings. —Floggings were ordered by the Court in respect of four prisoners who brutally assaulted a prison officer in an attempt to escape. No floggings have yet been administered. Escapes.—During the year twenty prisoners and sixteen Borstal detainees escaped. With one exception all were recaptured. Borstal Receptions and General Results. —A total of 155 lads and 9 young women were received in direct committals to Borstal, and 4 males and 1 female were admitted by transfer from other institutions. Of the aggregate number dealt with at Borstal over the past twenty years, just under 15 per cent, have again been convicted after release. Mental Defectives. —Twenty-three persons certified as mentally deficient were transferred to mental hospitals during the year. Health of Prisoners. The general health of prisoners throughout the year has been very good. The daily average number on the sick-list was fifteen, representing 1-6 of the daily average number of prisoners in custody. It is noteworthy that prisoners almost invariably improve in physical condition and put on weight under the regular living-conditions and the wholesome diet in prison. In addition to the care of the general health of prisoners by Prison Medical Officers, this Department has a close working arrangement with the; Mental Hospitals Department whereby its psychiatrists are always at call to examine and advise on the treatment of any inmate of impaired mentality. A mental specialist from the Seaclifi Mental Hospital attends regularly at a clinic at Invercargill, and full advantage is taken of this for the mental examination of lads from the Borstal. The Medical Officer at the New Plymouth Prison is a qualified psychiatrist. At this institution are segregated all sexual perverts, and the Medical Officer is indefatigable in his efforts to help the prisoners psychologically as well as attending to their physical ailments. He also pays tribute to the local hospital in the following terms : — " I would be grateful if, in your annual report, you would make mention of the very great assistance the local hospital staff are to the institution in treating the many obscure disorders with which our inmates become afflicted. Without exception I have found them willing to undertake plans of treatment which are well beyond the scope of their bare duties." Revenue and Expenditure. A comparative statement of revenue and expenditure covering a period of ten years is given hereunder:—

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Age Group. 1935. j 1936. 1937. 1938. 1939. 1940. Under 20 .. .. 131 96 115 123 178 203 20-25 .. .. .. 350 "185 303 362 424- 348 25-30 .. .. .. 321 254 282 321 413 322 30-40 .. .. .. 545 437 456 555 612 492 40 and upwards.. .. 809 715 831 861 875 833 Not stated .. .. 2 3 4 2 3 3 Totals .. 2,158 1,790 1,991 2,224 2,505 2,201

j Daily Gross Expenditure. Credits. Net Expenditure. Year Average I * e r ' Number of I Inmates. Total. Per Head. Total. Per Head, j Total. Per Head. £ £ £ £ £ £ 1931-32 .. .. 1,641 152,581 92-93 55,867 34-03 96,714 58-90 1932-33 .. .. 1,661 142,940 86-04 52,412 31-84 90,528 54-49 1933-34 .. .. 1,488 138,193 92-88 54,823 36-77 83,370 56-11 1934-35 .. .. 1,306 137,484 105-25 60,242 46-12 77,242 59-13 1935-36 .. .. 1,170 144,460 123-47 69,933 59-77 74,527 63-70 1936-37 .. .. 985 146,314 148-54 68,661 69-70 77,653 78-83 1937-38 .. .. 852 164,132 192-64 69,075 81-07 95,057 11-56 1938-39 .. .. 855 152,093 177-89 64,910 75-92 87,183 101-97 1939-40 .. .. 907 155,333 170-16 74,348 81-97 80,985 88-19 1940-41 .. .. 905 162,426 179-47 77,908 86-08 84,518 93-39

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It will be seen that for the year under review the revenue credited to the vote was £77,908, which, considering marketing and seasonal difficulties, must be regarded as highly satisfactory. The increase in gross expenditure of £7,000 is largely due to increased expenditure on the farming activities of the Department, coupled with a general increasing cost of maintenance and a more liberal scale of rations and other amenities. The increased expenditure 011 farming (mainly top-dressing) will be returned in a higher level of production in the future. The increase in the credits is due to an increased farm production of £6,000, offset by lower earnings in the quarry industry, due almost wholly to the general falling ofi in orders for quarry products. The policy of making the Department as far as practicable self-sustained is steadily being pursued. The whole of the Department's requirements in vegetables are now grown, and surpluses are made available to other Departments or disposed of in the open market, while milk is supplied to Mount Eden from Waikeria at a considerable saving; and since a pasteurizing and bottling plant has been installed milk is now supplied for use in schools. The tobacco industry has proved an economical and satisfactory venture, and the transfer and installation of a disused kiln from Pongakawa has enabled a high-grade leaf to be produced. The farms, in addition to the value of the produce grown, provide a means of healthful and reformative occupation for prisoners. This latter consideration is, in fact, even more important than the economic one, as at the farm camps the honour system is largely in vogue and the element of trust and the conditions generally make for an expansiveness of outlook and the development of a self-respect that is difficult to attain under the closely-ordered regimen of a city prison. Conclusion. It is desired to place on record the Department's appreciation of the co-operation of Visiting Justices, who have regularly visited the various institutions, also the work of Official Visitors, the Borstal Committees, the Borstal Association, and other voluntary helpers. Thanks are also due to the Workers' Educational Association and the Country Library Committee for arranging respectively for lecturers and books. I desire also to record my sincere thanks to the members of the staff for their loyal assistance in carrying out the work of the Department. B. L. Dallard, Controller-General of Prisons.

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Table A. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1940.

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I _. 3 b fills I in I f if f i I a i I gfl . I «f i III o i ; si s s i I =1 si 1 i I I I" I i s « i I 1 ! II I I I IE §i § l | 5 5 g I e J r_ i_ | s - _a i r £ *_ _p s i I _ g 5 (a) In prison at beginning of year :— Undergoing — m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. Simple imprisonment, hard labour — Under three months .. .. .. 32 1 .. .. 1 3 .. 2 .. 1 .... 1 2 .. 19 .. 3 .. 3 72 2 74 Three months and under one year .. .. .. 5 40 1 2 .. 7 5 .. 2 .. 27 3 .. 13 14 .. 4 .. 23 .. 22 .. 1 163 6 169 One year and upwards .. .. .. .. 3 83 2 23 .. 2 2 ., 37 .. 29 .. .. 1 .... 10 .. 38 24 .. 2 .. 22 .. 9 281 6 287 Detention as habitual criminals .. .. 17 2 .. 4 2 .. 3 28 .. 28 Reformative detention .. .. .. 12 5 16 .. 4 16 .. 12 .. .. 4 .... 11 .. 47 23 .. 1 .. 11 .. 2 155 9 16.4 Detention in Borstal institution .. .. 3 115 1 15 35 154 15 169 Total criminals in prison .. .. .. 8 187 9 41 .. 14 .. 115 .. 10 .. 59 .. 80 .. .. 6 .. 15 24 .. 98 .. 35 .. 61 .. 11 .. 78 .. 36 .. 4 853 38 891 For trial or on remand .. .. .. 20 3 .. 1 4 2 3 6 39 .. 39 Total in prison for criminal offences .. .. 8 207 9 41 .. 14 .. 115 .. 13 .. 60 .. 84 .. .. 6 .. 15 24 .. 98 .. 35 .. 61 .. 13 .. 81 .. 36 .. 10 892 38 930 Debtors .. .. .. .. 2 1 1 4 .. 4 Total persons in prison .. .. .. . . 8 209 9 41 .. 14 .. 115 .. 13 .. 60 .. 84 .. .. 6 .. 15 24 .. 98 .. 35 .. 61 .. 13 .. 82 .. 36 .. 11 896 38 934 (b) Received during the year :— Sentenced to— Simple imprisonment, hard labour — Under three months .. .. .. .. ..13 718 10 .... 19 61 2 25 .. 192 .... 22 6 28 .. 438 267 8 35 ..1,789 551,844 Three months and under one year .. .. . . 6 159 8 12 4 .. 63 .. .. 2 1 5 1 165 1 .. 54 1 .. .. 472 10 482 One year and upw ards " .. .. 45 1 .. .. 3 4 . . 1 .. 24 1 1 .. 46 10 135 1 136 Hard labour, reformative detention, and declared habitual criminal Hard labour and reformative detention .. 17 2 1 2 2 1 25.. 25 Hard labour and flogging .. .. Reformative detention only .. .. .. .. 2 43 6 .. .. 2 3 1 .. 10 !. 2 ...... . 2 '.. 31 14 106 10 116 Reformative detention and declared habitual criminal | ' !. 1 1.. 1 Hard labour and detention in Borstal institution 1 1.. 1 Detention in Borstal institution .. .. .. .. 1 21 1 79 3 11 8 12 15 14 1 155 11 166 Hard labour and declared habitual criminal 1 1 2.. 2 Detention as habitual criminal .. .. . 1 ... 1 X Death • • • • •■ .. .. '. ' i 'it " !' " " !! !! !!!!!! it ■ • it Detained until the pleasure of the Minister of Justice is known Under conviction for sentence .. .. 9 1 1 5 .... 1 1 23 5 1.. .. 45 2 47 Total new'prisoners received .. .. .. 221,015 18 .... 35 .. 79 .. 84 2 32 .. 307 .... 27 .. 8 .. .. 8 .. 12 38 1 722 .. 1 .. 365 11 35 ..2,733 892,822 On remand or for trial .. .. .. .. .. 8 194 17 .... 12 29 2 25 .. 74 .. . . 7 20 3 95 92 5 .. .. 541 42 583 , Total •• .. .. .... 301,209 35 .... 47 .. 79 .. 113 4 57 .. 381 .... 34 .. 8 .. .. 8 .. 12 58 4 817 .. 1 .. 457 16 35 ..3,2741313,405 Debtors ... .. .. .. 25 4 9 .. 19 .. 6 .. .. 2 11 1 29 63 .. 12 .. 178 3 181 Lunatics .. .. .. .. j j 3 g !0 .. 10 Total new persons received .. .. .. 301,235 35 .... 51 .. 79 .. 123 4 76 .. 387 .... 36 .. 8 .. .. 8 .. 12 69 5 849 .. 1 .. 525 16 47 ..3,4621343,596 On transfer or in transitu .. .. .. .. .. 6 75 2 27 .. 15 1 47 .. 77 .. 24 .. 87 .. .. 6 .. 3 22 .. 83 .. 26 .. 55 .. 30 1 87 .. 221 .. 130 2 1 ..1,007 21 1,028 Grand totals .. . ■ .. 361,310 37 27 .. 66 1126 .. 200 4100 .. 474 .. .. 42 .. Ill 22 .. 91 .. 38 .. 55 .. 99 6 936 ..1222 ■■ B5ol 18 48 ..4,469 155 4,624 * Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917. t Subsequently commuted to imprisonment for life.

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Table A— continued. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1940— continued.

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i . = » i | i i i f a -! : id ? f ii i S . 3 3 ff-ag | 2 ! I : &§ I C i - if & 1 3 "§ o I' §25 . i C3& g teS-g I o .g g"" i -f Og SS o o w) cj H c £> S +3 *-« 53 ,S S> & '-G e2 «s 2- (•* ws i-5 . a 3 -£ w 6 .2 ->-> gS® I ttb & ' S £ 5 £P -S o? © a -5 o p gcflp, > g£, c .5 a | p i a £ 9 S " -.3 .2 «s c 5 5 g I " g g & I , g ~ 3 » 1 g I I £ § 1 fi I J (c) Discharged during the year :— On expiration of sentence — m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. Simple imprisonment, hard labour .. .. ..24 815 11 .. .. 19 81 .. 27 ..249 .. .. 26 10 31 .. 391 .. 109 .. 227 8 48 ..2,007 69 2,076 Reformative detention .. .. .. 2 1 1.. 1 4 i 5 Detention in Borstal institution .. .. 5 2 5 2 7 On special remission — Hard labour .. .. .. .. . • . • 2 26 .. 2 .. 2 12 . . 2 .. 32 5 .. 13 24 .. 3 .. 24 .. 62 207 2 209 Reformative detention .. .. .. 1 2 3.. 3 Died .. .. .. .. .. 1 1.. 1 Executed .. .. .. .. Absconded and not retaken .. .. 1 1.. 1 Committed suicide .. . . .. Released on recommendation of Prisons or Parole Board — Hard labour .. .. .. .. 37 2 16 .. 8 2 .. 22 .. 19 . . .. 3 .. .. 8 . . 32 16 .. 6 .. 15 .. 12 193 5 198 Reformative detention .. .. .. 9 4 13 .. 5 2 .. 7 .. 11 .. .. 1 .... 10 .. 41 24 .. 1 .. 7 .. 7 137 5 142 Detention in Borstal institution .. .. 95 9 33 128 9 137 Habitual criminals .. .. .. 14 2 .. 2 2 .. 1 21 .. 21 Total criminals discharged to freedom .. .. 26 904 18 31 .. 34 . . 100 .. 97 . . 60 .. 313 .. .. 30 .. 11 23 .. 100 .. 33 .. 64 .. 43 .. 439 .. 191 .. 227 8 48 .. 2,707 93 2,800 Acquitted and after remand .. .. 17 1 .... 23 1 . . .. 4 .. 2 .. 72 3 14 135 2 137 Debtors .. .. .. .. 27 4 9 .. 19 .. 6 .. .. 2 10 1 30 54 159 3 162 Lunatics transferred to mental hospitals .. 4 1 1 3 . . .. 1 .. 3 12 5 25 5 30 Total persons discharged from prison .. ..26 952 20 31 .. 61 1 100 ..111 .. 81 ..394 .. .. 33 .. 14 23 ..100 .. 33 .. 64 .. 53 1 484 .. 191 .. 300 8 48 ..3,026103 3,129 Transferred to other prisons or to the police .. .. 8 348 19 8 .. 9 .. 9 .. 87 4 33 .. 70 .. .. 11 .. .. 4 .. 10 .. 4 .. 10 .. 40 5 450 .. 15 .. 339 10 .. ..1,436 57 1,493 Released on bail .. .. ... 18 1 2 .. 5 3 .. 4 8 41 .. 41 Grand totals .. .. .. .... 341,318 39 39 .. 71 1 109 ..198 4 116 ..469 .. .. 44 .. 14 27 ..110 .. 37 .. 74 .. 96 6 938 ..206 .. 647 18 48 ..4,503160 4,663 (d) In prison at end of year :— Undergoing — Simple imprisonment, hard labour — Under three months .. .. .. 31 11 13 1 3 . . 17 .. 3 .. 9 88 .. 88 Three months and under one year .. .. .. 3 40.. 2.. 3 3.. 2 .. 24 .... 1 .... 3.. 11 6.. 2.. 18.. 32.. 3 149 4 153 One year and upwards .. .. .. .. 3 70 1 20 .. 3 1 . . 24 .. 27 12 .. 34 15 .. 4 .. 24 .. 12 246 4 250 Reformative detention .. .. .. .. .. 3 31 4 7 .. 3 13 .. 18 . . .. 2 .... 4 .. 33 20 .. 4 . . 14 .. 5 152 9 161 Detention in Borstal institution .. .. 2 132 2 12 36 i 1 173 12 185 Detention as habitual criminals .. .. 13 3 .. 3 1 . . 2 .. 2 24 .. 24 Total criminals in prison .. . . .. 9 187 5 29 .. 9 .. 132 .. 15 .. 42 .. 87 .. .. 3 .. 12 19 .. 79 .. 36 .. 42 .. 15 .. 76 .. 52 .. 12 832 29 861 For trial or on remand .. .. .. .. .. 1 14 2 2 .. 2 .... 1 4 6 28 4 32 Total in prison for criminal offences .. .. 10 201 7 29 .. 9 . . 132 .. 15 .. 44 .. 89 . . .. 4 .. 12 19 .. 79 .. 36 .. 42 .. 15 .. 80 .. 52 .. 18 860 33 893 Debtors.. .. .. .. .. ; .. 1 1 2 .. 2 Total persons in prison .. .. .. . . 10 201 7 29 .. 9 . . 132 .. 15 . . 44 .. 89 .. .. 4 .. 12 19 .. 79 .. 36 .. 42 .. 16 .. 80 .. 52 .. 19 .. | .. .. 862 33 895 * Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917.

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Table Ai. Table showing Number of Prisoners at each Prison or Institution in the Dominion during the Year 1940.

Sickness. (c) Number of Distinct Prisoners ill on One or More Occasions, Prno . D . ,• T x- v • with Number of Occasions, Total Number of Separate Name of Prison ftteaT Mam Dail y Average Number oi Illnesses, Total Number of Days, and Daily Average on at One Time* at One Timp Prisoners. (a) Greatest Number (6) Admissions Sick-list. at une lime. at une lime. m at any Qne to Hospital during 7 ; ; j Time. Year. . . . Number Total Daily • g of Number Average % > bfiioS S3 §£ Separate of on 0 e-i h H in 5-1 H° illnesses. Days ill. Sick-list. M. F. T. M. j F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. Addington (Women's Reformatory) .. 12 12 .. I 5 5 .. 8-76 8-76 .. 1 1 .. .. .. 3 3 20 0-05 Auckland .. .. .. 224 10 234 171 2 173 196-35 5-98 202-33 8 8 13 .. 13 48 12 2 78 786 2-15 Hautu (Tokaanu) .. .. 41 .. 41 27 .. 27 33-04 .. 33-04 2.. 2 1 152 9 62 0-17 Invereargill .. .. .. 20 .. 20 10 .. 10 12-18 .. 12-18 4 4 7 3 2 2.... 27 143 0-39 Invercargill (Borstal institution) .. 135 .. 135 92 .. 92 110-16 .. 110-16 14 14 13 13 36 30 21 13 2 3 240 1,874 5-12 Napier .. .. .. 22 1 23 7 .. 7 14-16 0-03 14-19 4 .. 4 5 .. 5 9 9 226 0-62 New Plymouth .. .. .. 60 .. 60 41 .. 41 49-52 .. 49-52 3 3 2 2 6 4 1 1.... 21 598 1-63 Paparua (Templeton) .. ..115 ..115 68 .. 68 92-55 .. 92-55 3 3 1 1 9 2 13 65 0-18 Pt. Halswell (Women's Reformatory) .. -8 8 .. .. .. .. 4-08 4-08 .. 1 1 .. 2 2 1 1 3 157 0-43 Point Halswell (Borstal institution) .. 16 16 .. 10 10 .. 12-70 12-70 .. 2 2.. 4 44 4 96 0-26 Rangipo '.. .. .. 25 .. 25 19 .. 19 22-81 .. 22-81 6 6 6 4 1.... 1 27 121 0-33 Waikeria (Reformatory) .. .. 98 .. 98 71 .. 71 85-80 .. 85-80 8 .. 8 7 .. 7 17 9 35 295 0-81 Waikeria (Borstal institution) .. 38 .. 38 19 .. 19 29-70 .. 29-70 5 .. 5 2 .. 2 9.... 1 .. 13 86 0-23 Waikune (Erua) .. .. 61 .. 61 42 .. 42 51-59 .. 51-59 9 .. 9 .. .. .. 9 3 2 21 163 0-45 Wanganui .. .. .. 19 1 20 10 .. 10 14-29 .. 14-29 3.. 3 1 3 7 30 0-08 Wellington .. .. .. 95 .. 95 64 .. 64 81-43 .. 81-43 5 5 13 13 41 3 47 570 1-56 Wi Tako (Trentham) .. .. 66 .. 66 30 .. 30 54-74 .. 54-74 8 .. 8 4 .. 4 15 3 21 149 0-41 Minor Prisons and police-gaols .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15-81 0-09 15-90 .. .. .. 4 .. 4 4 4 46 0-13 Police lock-ups* .. 18-85 .. 18-85 Totals.. .. 882-98 31-64 914-62 65 6 71 230 79 29 17 2 4 582 5,487 15-00 * Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 o£ the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917.

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Table C. Table showing the Actual Number of Distinct Convicted Prisoners received into Gaol during the Year 1940, classified according to Principal Offences, Birthplace, and Age.

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Offences against the Offences against Person. Property. Miscellaneous. Totals. Offences. Assaults - other - Mischief. Drunkenness* Vagrancy.t offends. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Birthplaces— New Zealand.. .. 74 .. 97 I 11 2 526 14 90 2 193 10 84 9 461 13 1,536 51 Australia .. 3 .. 6 30 I 2 . . 26 1 4 1 35 .. 106 3 England and Wales .. 7 6 1 53 3 10 49 2 12 .. 93 231 5 Scotland . . .. 4 . . 7 . . 1 .. 25 I 3 .. 29 .. 6 .. 33 . . 108 I Eire .. . . 1 . . 3 9 I 1 . . 10 . . 8 .. 19 .. 51 1 Other British countries .... 2 11 1 . . . . 7 1 3 1 6 29 3 China .. 2 I . . .. .. 7 10 Other countries .. 5 3 3 3 1 7 . . 2 .. 40 64 Not stated .. . . .... 1 . . . . .. . . . . .. .. 1 2 Totals .. 94 .. 126 1 16 2 659 21 107 2 322 14 110 11 695 13 2,137 64 Ages— 15 and under 20 years .. 8 . . 12 107 4 35 .. 1 . . 5 4 25 2 193 10 20 „ 25 „ .. 14 . . 36 . . 4 1 130 1 33 .. 12 . . 15 4 94 4 338 10 25 30 „ .. 16 .. 26 1 2 125 5 13 I 15 .. 13 .. 105 .. 315 7 30 40 „ .. 18 .. 23 .. 6 147 4 14 1 74 2 20 1 182 . . 484 8 40 „ 50 „ .. 15 . . 13 .. 3 96 1. 7 .. 89 3 27 .. 154 4 404 8 50 60 „ . . 14 .. 14 .. 1 1 40 5 3 . . 78 5 26 I 101 1 277 13 60 and over .. .. 9 .. I 13 1 2 .. 53 4 13 1 32 2 123 8 Not stated .. .. .... 1 . . . . .. .. .. .. 2 3 Totals.. .. 94 .. 125 1 16 2 659 21 107 2 322 14 119 11 695 13 2,137 64 Maoris (included above) .. 20 . . 35 1 3.. 125 1 17 .. 31 .. 14 4 78 1 323 7 * it must bo remembered that drunkenness is punished more by fine than by imprisonment, so that the figures in the gaol tables do not represent the full number of persons punished for that offence. f Including importuning, consorting with rogues, &c.

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Table D. PRISONS.—NEW-ZEALAND-BORN PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1940. Table showing the Number of Distinct New-Zealand-born Convicted Prisoners of each Sex (including Maoris) received during the Year 1940, classified according to Ages and Offences.

Table E. PRISONS.—MAORI PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1940. Table showing the Number, Ages, and Offences of Distinct Convicted Maoris (Male and Female) received into the various Gaols during the Year 1940.

2—H. 20.

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IB and 20 and 25 and 30 and 40 and Not Tntnio under 20. under 25. under 30. under 40. upwards. stated. Offences. [ I M. | F. M. | F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F Offences against the person — Sexual offences .. . . .. 8 12 14 15 25 74 Assaults .. .. .. .. 11 .. 29 .. 19 1 17 .. 2] 97 1 Other .. .. .. 4 1 l .. 4 .. 2 1.... 11 2 Offences against property— Theft and deceit .. .. .. 101 4 110 1 97 5 115 2 102 2 1 .. 526 14 Mischief .. .. .. .. 32 .. 31 .. 10 1 11 1 6 90 2 Drunkenness .. .. .. 1 11 11 52 2 118 8 .. .. 193 10 Vagrancy* .. .. .. 5 3 13 4 12 . . 13 1 41 1 .... 84 9 Other offences .. . . . . 15 2 69 4 67 .. 137 . . 173 7 .. .. 461 13 Totals, 1940.. .. .. 173 9 279 10 231 7 364 6 488 19 1 .. 1,536 51 Totals, 1939.. .. ..144 7 325 13 303 17 406 8 493 19 2 .. 1,673 64 Totals, 1938., .. ..109 4 288 11 245 7 375 5 436 23 2 .. 1,455 50 Totals, 1937.. .. ..98 8 235 15 215 5 333 8 433 31 2 .. 1,316 67 Totals, 1936.. .. .. 74 12 238 16 192 6 273 6 371 31 2 .. 1,150 71 "■Including importuning, consorting with rogues, &c.

15 and 20 and 25 and 30 and 40 and Not Totals under 20. under 25. under 30. under 40. upwards. stated. J-ouais. Offences. , M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. __ ; ___ Offences against the person— Sexual offences .. .. .. . . 2 5 5 1 7 20 Assaults .. .. .. . . 2 .. 14 8 1 5 6 35 1 Other .. .. .. . . 1 .. 1 . . 1 3 Theft and deceit .. . . .. 31 .. 42 1 24 . . 21 7 125 1 Mischief .. .. .. . . . . 1 . . 10 .. 2 .. 3 . . 1 17 .. Drunkenness .. .. .. 4 4 9 .. 14 31 Vagrancy .. .. .. .. 1 1 7 3 5.. 1 14 4 Other offences .. .. .. .. 3 .. 21 .. 18 .. 25 .. 11 1 .... 78 1 Totals .. .. .. ..40 1 104 4 67 1 66 .. 46 1 .... 323 7

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Table F. PRISONERS.— AGES AND SENTENCES. Table showing the Ages of Distinct Prisoners received under Sentence during the Year 1940, with Information as to Length of Sentence.

By Authority: E. V. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.— 1941. Price 6d.~\

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Total Length of Sentence. Age " Under 1 Week 1 Month 3 Months 6 Months 9 Months 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 7 Years 10 Years 12 Years 15 Years Habitual i wwit and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and underjand under Life. Death. Crimi- Totals. 1 Month. 3 Months. 6 Months. : 9 Months. 12 Months. 2 Years. 3 Years. 4 Y"ears. 5 Years. 7 Years. 10 Years. 12 Years. 15 Y'ears. 1 20 Years. nals. Periods i i I i i i I " i i i i i i pi i i \ i \ f i I i r M. *. M. F. | M. F. M. F. M. F. ' M. F. M. F. M. - F. M. F. M. F. I M. F. } M. F. M. | F. j M. F. | M. F. M. I F. j M. F. ! M. F. M. \ F. j M. F. 15 and under 16 ! 3 .. 1 4 16 „ 17 I .. .. I .. 2 .. 4 .. 3 9 17 „ 18 .... 2 4 4 19 2 1 1 .. 31 2 18 „ 19 2 9 8 2 6 1 .... 7 1 30 .. 5 1 .. .. 69 3 19 „ 20 2 .. 11 .. 9 1 3 9 12 .. 27 3 6 .. .. 1 1 80 5 20 „ 21 3 16 .. 18 .. 7 5 1 1 .. 4 1 19 1 4 ! 77 3 21 „ 25 9 1 55 1 73 2 39 1 30 2 5 .. 26 .. 17 .. 4 .. 1 . . I 1* 261 7 25 „ 30 19 .. 58 .. 100 1 42 2 28 .. 8 1 36 1 15 1 4 .. 4 . . 1 1 1 315 7 30 „ 35 23 1 59 .. 73 1 29 2 26 2 6 .. 18 . . 17 .. 5 256 6 35 „ 40 24 1 57 1 59 .. 27 .. 20 .. 4 .. 17 .. 12 .. 6 2 228 2 40 „ 45 39 1 66 .. 49 1 41 2 12 .. 5 .. 13 .. 6 .. 3 234 4 45 „ 50 35 2 42 2 47 .. 17 .. 11 .. 3 .. 7 .. 3 .. 2 .. 2 .. 1 170 4 50 „ 55 34 5 27 2 37 .. 18 .. 10 .. 2 .. 7 .. 5 .. 2 142 7 55 „ 60 39 .. 33 2 30 1 17 1 4 1 .. .. 7 .. 3 1 .. .. 1 1 .. 1 135 6 60 „ 65 29 2 20 1 13 .. 7 1 1 2 . . 3 .. 1 j .. 76 4 65 „ 70 21 3 6 1 4 1 2 .. 1 1 35 4 70 „ 75 5 .. 2 1 .. 1 1 .. 1 ! .. 1 i 12 Not stated 1 1 1 3 Totals .. 284 16 464 10 520 j 7 251 9 168 7 34 1 165 3 186 i 8 47 1 9 .. 6 1 1 .... .. I 1* .. I 1 .... 1 2,137 64 __ I I I ] 1 1 Mi 111 1 11 * Subsequently commuted to imprisonment for life.