Papers Past | Parliamentary Papers | Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives | 1939 Session I | NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROVISION OF...

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I—Gr.1 —Gr. 10,

1939. NEW ZEALAND.

NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROVISION OF HOUSES FOR MAORIS, INCLUDING EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION. REPORT ON—BY BOARD OF NATIVE AFFAIRS.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Leave.

CONTE N T S.

PAGE General Report by Chairman .. .. 4 Part I: Native Housing Operations .. .. 8 Part II: State Development Schemes .. •. 11 Part III: Maori Land Board Undertakings .. 60 Part IV : Native Trust Activities .. .. 62 Part V : East Coast Native Trust Lands .. 67 Tables .. .. .. • ■ • • 69 Maps . • •■■■• • .. 76 Photographs .. .. .••• .. 77 Ahuwhenua Trophy Award .. .. 6, 29, 81, 82 Anaura Station .. ■ • .. .. 60 Aohanga Station .. ... • 62 Aotea District— Development Report ..•• .. 51 Housing Report .. .. • ■ ..10 Receipts and Payments : Schemes .. .. 54 Statistics — Housing .. . • • • 74, 75 Schemes •. • ■ • • . . 53 Aramiro Scheme . . .. • • .. 23 Aramoho Scheme .. •.•• .. 51 Te Araroa Scheme .. .••■ .. 46 Arawa Scheme • . • • ■ • .. 36 Areas under Schemes, &c. : Districts .. 70 Auckland North District. Vide Tokerau. Auckland South District. Vide Waikato-Maniapoto. Bay of Islands Scheme .. ..•• . . 12 Brents Farm .. .. .. ■•.. 36 Buildings erected .... • • 70, 71 Butterfat Returns ....■ • 72 Cash Receipts : Districts .. .. .. 73 Cobaltized Superphosphate Experiment .. 5, 26, 65 Comparative Cash Receipts : Schemes .. 73 Cottages .. .. • • ■ ■ 70, 71 Cow-sheds . . .. •■ ■ ■ 70, 71 Dependants under Schemes : Districts .. 70 Development Activities —Districts : For. year . ; 71 East Coast Maori Soldiers' Fund Stations .. 63, 64 East Coast Native Trust Stations — General .. •. • • ■■ .. 67 Statistics .. ..•■■ .. 67 Economic Evolution of the Maori .. •• 4 Employment Promotion — Finance .. • ■ • • ■ • .. 69 General .. • • • • ■ • .. o Numbers .. •. ■••■ .. 70 Farming Activities for Year .. .. 71 Floods .. ■ • • • • • 4, 46, 55 General Report . • • • • • • ■ 4 Gisborne District. Vide Tairawhiti. Hakurenga Station .. .. •■ 64 Hangatiki Farm ..■■• ■ ~ 24 Haparangi Plantation .. •. ■■.. 30 Haparapara Station ..■.•■ .. 31 Hauani Scheme. Vide Matata Scheme. Hauraki Scheme ~ • • • • .. 22 Hauraki : Uriwha Scheme .. ••.. 25 Herd-testing ~ .. ••• • " a Hereheretau Station .. .. ••.. 64 . Heretaunga Scheme .. ••••.. 55 ; Hikuwai Station .. • • ■ • .. 64 Hoia Station ~ ~:••■ '' "n Hokianga Scheme .. •••• .. 12 Horohoro — General Schejne ,i■•• • '' ? Haparangi Plantation.. .■•• .. 30 Kapenga No. 1 ~;••• .. 30 Kapenga No. 2 ~••• • 30 Ngati-Tuara ~ • • • • . ... 30 Rongomaipapa .. • • • ■ 30 Tuhourangi .. .. •••• ~ 30

Horohoro —continued. page Turanganui .. . . .. .. 31 Waikaukau . . .. .. .. 31 Housing— General Report .. .. . . 6, 8 Districts— Tokerau .. .. .. . . 8 Waikato-Maniapoto .. .. 9 Waiariki .. . . .. .. 9 Tairawhiti .. . . .. . . 10 Aotea .. .. .. . . 10 Ikaroa .. .. .. .. 10 South Island .. .. .. 10 Statistics — Authorizations .. .. .. 74 Erected .. .. .. .. 74 Financial .. .. .. .. 75 Ikaroa District — Development Report .. .. .. .. 55 Housing Report .. .. .. 10 Receipts and Payments : Schemes .. ~ 59 Statistics — Housing .. . . .. .. 74, 75 Schemes .. .. .. .. .. 58 Implement and Store-sheds .. .. 70, 71 Te Kaha Proper Scheme .. .. 36 Kahungunu Scheme .. . . •. 46 Kaipara Scheme .. .. .. 12 Kaitimako Section : Tauranga Scheme .. 35 Kaiwhare Scheme .. . . .. .. 56 Te Kao Scheme .. .. .. 12 Kapenga No. 1 Scheme .. .. .. ~ 30 Kapenga No. 2 Scheme ... .. .. .. 30 Kawhakaputaputa. Vide Southland Scheme. Kawhia: Mangaora Scheme ... ... 24 Key to North Island Map ... ..76 Kopua (Pirongia) Scheme ... ... .. 25 Korohe Scheme .. .. ... .. 31 Te Kuiti Base Farm .. ... .. .. 24 Live-stock Returns .. .. .. 72 Mahia Scheme .. .. ■. ..41 Mahoenui Scheme .. . . .. 24 Maketu Farm .. .. .. .. .. 31 Maketu— Motiti Island Scheme .. .. 36 Pukaingataru Scheme . . .. .. 36 Te Puke Scheme .. .. .. .. 32 Waewaetutuki Scheme .. .. ..32 Makirikiri Scheme . . .. .. .. 55 Manawatu Scheme .. .. . • • • 55 Mangaora (Kawhia) .. . . .. .. 24 Mangaorapa Scheme .. • • .. •.. 55 Mangatawa Section : Tauranga Scheme .. ~ 35 Mangaweka Scheme .. .. .. .. 52 Mangonui Scheme .. .. •. .. 12 Maniapoto Scheme •. ■ ■ • • •. 23 Manukau Farm .. .. ■ . 13 Manunui Scheme .. .. .. 51 Maori Land Boards— General Farming Report .. .. 60 Advances to Settlers . . .. .. 7, 61 Statistics .. •. . ■ • • 61 Maps .. .. .. • • ~ 76 Maraenui Scheme •. . •• • • 36 Matakana Island Scheme .. .. 36 Mafcata Scheme .. •. • • ... 32 Maungaroa Station .. .. • • 32 Mohaka Scheme .. .. • • .. 47 Mo'ainui Scheme .. • • , • .. 13 Morikau Station .. ... • • . . 60 MotatauFarm. Vide Pokapu. Motiti Island Scheme \ ~ •. • ■ 36

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PAGE Motuweka Station .. .. .. .. 63 Murupara Soheme. Vide Ngatimanawa Scheme. Native Trustee's Farming— Report .. .. .. .. .. 62 Statistics .. .. .. .. .. 66 Ngahape Scheme .. .. .. .. 24 Ngapeke (Tauranga) Scheme .. .. ..35 Ngataki Scheme .. .. .. 13 Ngatiawa Scheme .. .. .. 32 Ngatimanawa Scheme .. .. .. .. 32 Ngati-Tuara Scheme .. .. .. 30 North Island Map of Schemes, &c. .. .. 76 North Island Key to Map .. .. 76 Nuhaka Scheme .. .. .. .. 47 Oaonui Scheme .. . • .. 52 Ohinepuhiawe Soheme .. .. .. 52 Ohuanga (Tokaanu) Scheme .. .. 36 Okaiawa Soheme .. ■ • •. .. 52 Okareka Scheme .. . ■ .. .. 33 Okaroro Farm .. .. .. .. 13 Okere Scheme .. .. .. .. .. 33 Omaio Scheme .. .. ■. 37 Opapaki Farm .. .. .. 14 Opape Farm .. .. .. .. .. 37 Opunake Scheme .. .. .. .. 52 Oraka Scheme. Vide Southland. Orete Scheme .. .. . • .. .. 37 Orete No. 2 Scheme .. .. .. 37 Oruanui Scheme .. .. .. .. 33 Oturei Scheme .. .. . • 14 Oturu Scheme .. .. .. • • 14 Ounuwhao Scheme .. .. .. 14 Panguru Farm .. .. .. 15 Parekarangi Scheme .. .. .. .. 33 Parckarangi Extension Scheme .. .. 37 Patea Soheme .. .. .. .. .. 52 Peka Scheme .. .. .. .. 33 Photographs : Houses, Schemes, &c. .. .. 77 Pihama Scheme .. .. .. 52 Te Piki Scheme .. .. .. .. 33 Pirongia : Kopua Scheme .. .. .. 25 Pokapu Scheme .. .. •. 15 Population .. .. .. .. .. 70 Porangahau Scheme .. .. .. 56 Poroporo Scheme .. .. .. .. 47 Potikirua Scheme .. .. .. 34 Pouto Scheme .. .. .. .. 15 Pukaingataru Scheme .. .. .. .. 36 Te Puke Scheme .. .. .. 32 Pukehina Scheme .. .. .. .. 37 I'ungarehu Scheme .. .. .. 52 Putaruru Scheme .. .. .. 37 Putauaki Schemo .. .. .. 34 Rakautatahi Scheme .. .. .. .. 56 Ranana Scheme .. .. .. 51 Ranui Scheme .. .. .. .. 25 Rates.. .. .. .. .. 6 Receipts and Payments : Schemes — Tokerau .. .. .. .. .. 19 Waikato-Maniapoto .. .. .. .. 28 Waiariki .. .. .. .. .. 42 Tairawhiti .. .. .. .. .. 50 Aotea .. .. .. .. .. 54 Ikaroa .. .. .. .. 59 South Island .. .. .. 59 Total .. .. .. .. 69 Reureu Scheme .. .. .. .. 52 Rongomaipapa Soheme .. .. .. .. 30 Rotoiti Scheme .. .. .. .. 34 Rotokautuku Scheme .. .. .. 47 Rotorua District. Vide Waiariki. Rotorua Nursery .. .. .. .. 37 Ruatahuna Scheme .. .. .. 37 Ruataniwha Scheme .. .. .. 15 Ruatoki Scheme .. .. .. .. 34 Sheep-dips, &c. .. .. .. .. 71 South Island District— Development Report .. .. .. .. 56 Housing Report .. .. .. 10 Receipts and Payments : Schemes .. .. 59 Statistics— Housing .. .. .. .. 74, 75 Schemes .. .. .. .. .. 58 South Island Map of Schemes .. .. .. 76 Southland Scheme .. .. .. .. 57 State Development Schemes: General .. ..11 State of Development Schemes .. .. .. 70 State of Housing Operations .. .. 74 Statistics — Analysis of Cash Receipts .. .. .. 73 Area and State of Development .. .. 70 Butterfat .. .. .. .. .. 72 Comparative Cash Receipts .. .. .. 73 Housing— Operations for year.. .. .. .. 74 Authorizations to Date .. .. 74 Financial Return ~ .. .. .. 75

Statistics —continued. page Live-stock Tallies .. .. .. .. 72 Population under Schemes .. .. .. 70 Principal Activities for Year .. .. .. 71 Wool .. .. ... .. .. 72 Schemes— . Tokerau .. .. .. .. ..11 Waikato-Maniapoto .. .. 21 Waiariki .. .. .. .. .. 29 Tairawhiti .. .. .. 46 Aotea .. .. .. .. .. 51 Ikaroa .. .. .. .. 55 South Island .. .. .. 56 East Coast Trusts .. .. .. .. 67 Maori Land Boards .. .. .. 60 Native Trustee .. .. .. .. 82 Tairawhiti District— Development Report .. .. .. .. 46 Housing Report .. .. .. 10 Receipts and Payments : Schemes .. 50 Statistics— Housing .. .. .. .. 74, 75 Schemes .. .. .. .. .. 49 Tables. Vide Statistics. Taheke Scheme .. .. .. 37 Tahoraiti Scheme .. .. .. 56 Taihape Scheme .. .. .. .. 52 Takatahu Scheme .. .. .. .. 47 Tauranga Scheme .. .. .. 35 Tauranga: Ngapeke Scheme .. .. .. 35 Tauranga-Taupo Scheme .. .. .. 35 Tautoro Bush .. .. .. .. 16 Tawanui Station .. .. .. .. 65 Tawhiti Station .. .. .. 64 Tenure of Leases to Settlers .. .. 6 Tihiotonga Station .. .. .. .. 37 Tikitere Scheme .. .. .. 35 Tikitere-Waikato Scheme .. .. .. 37 Tikorangi Scheme .. .. .. .. 52 Tiratu Station .. .. .. 63 Tokaanu Scheme .. .. .. 36 Tokaanu: Ohuanga Scheme .. .. .. 36 Tokerau District— Development Report .. .. .. ..11 Housing Report .. .. .. 8 Receipts and Payments: Schemcs .. ..19 Statistics — Housing .. .. .. .. 74, 75 Schemes .. .. .. .. 17 Torere Scheme .. .. .. .. 36 Tuhourangi Scheme .. .. .. 30 Tunaeke Scheme .. .. .. 25 Tuparoa Scheme .. .. .. .. 48 Turanganui Scheme .. .. .. .. 31 Unemployment amongst Maoris .. .. 5 Unit: Technical Name for a Settler. Uriwha (Hauraki) .. .. .. 25 Uruahi Station : Poroporo Scheme .. .. 47 Waahi: Pukawa .. .. ♦ .. .. 37 Waowaetutuki Scheme .. .. .. 32 Waiapu-Matakaoa Scheme .. .. .. 48 Waiariki District — Development Report .. .. .. .. 29 Housing Report .. .. .. 9 Receipts and Payments : Scheme .. .. 42 Statistics — Housing .. .. .. .. 74, 75 Schemes .. .. .. .. 38 Waihua Scheme .. .. .. .. 48 Waikaretu Scheme .. .. .. .. 26 Waikato Scheme .. .. .. .. 22 Waikato-Maniapoto District — Development Report .. .. .. 21 Housing Report .. .. .. 9 Receipts and Payments : Schemes .. .. 28 Statistics — Housing .. .. .. .. 74, 75 Schemes .. .. .. .. .. 27 Waikaukau Scheme .. .. .. 31 Waima Scheme .. .. .. 16 Waimiha Scheme .. .. .. 26 Waiohau Scheme .. .. .. 36 Waiomio Scheme .. .. .. 16 Wairau Soheme .. .. .. .. 57 Wanganui District. Vide Aotea. Weather .. .. .. 4, 11, 21, 29, 46 Wellington District. Vide Ikaroa. Whakatane Scheme .. .. .. .. 37 Whakatohea Soheme .. .. .. 37 Whakatohea-Wainui Scheme .. .. 37 Whangaehu Scheme .. .. .. .. 52 Whangaparaoa Scheme .. .. .. 37 Wharekahika Scheme .. .. .. .. 48 Whareongaonga Scheme .. .. 48 Wool Returns .. .. .. .. 72 Wool-sheds .. ~ ~ .. 70, 71

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LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS.

PAGE Map of North Island Schemes and Farms .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 76 Map of South Island Schemes and Farms .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 76 Ahuwhenua Trophy Competition (Horohoro : Waikaukau Scheme) — A View of the Farm adjudicated First in the Ahuwhenua Trophy Competition, 1939 (J. Edwards) .. 81 The Cow-shed of the Winning Farm .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 81 The Governor-General presenting the Trophy .. .. .. . . .. .. 82 The Turnip Crop on the Winning Farm .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .82 Concrete-post Manufacturing— King-country Schemes : Concrete Posts made by Maori Workers .. .. .. . 90 Ruatoki Scheme : Concrete Fencing-posts and Water-troughs being seasoned .. .. 90 Heretaunga Scheme: Thrashing Rye-grass .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 88 Hoia Station—A General View .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 89 Choice Land looking towards the Homestead .. .. .. .. .. . • 89 Hokianga Scheme — Showing Good-quality Native Land .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 77 A Settler's Property in Rena Valley .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 77 A Settler harrowing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 77 A Well-kept Settler's Dwelling .. . . .. .. . . .. .. ■ • 78 An Old-age Pensioner's Cottage built by Native Labour .. . . .. .. . . 78 Housing Operations— Maori Carpenters at Work on a Cottage .. .. .. .. •. •. • • 79 A Group of Houses erected near Paeroa .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 79 Manunui Scheme — Typical Country being developed.. .. .. . . •. . • • • • • 86 Twenty Tons of Grass-seed being mixed for Autumn Sowing, 1939 .. .. .. ■. 87 Morikau Station : Showing the Buildings and Home Paddocks .. .. .. .. . • 86 Oaonui Scheme : Showing Undeveloped and Developed Land . . .. .. .. .. 86 Ruatoki Scheme— A Calf-feed Pen on a Settler's Farm .. .. .. .. .. .. • ■ 80 A Haymaking Scene .. .. .. .. .. .. • • • • • • 82 Reureu Scheme : Showing the New and the Former Dwelling of a Settler .. .. .. 87 Southland Scheme — Typical Country being developed.. .. .. .. •• •• •• ..88 The Land ploughed and sown in Swedes, after Stumping .. .. .. .. .. 88 Taheke Scheme: The New Wool-shed and Dip .. .. .. .. . • • • 80 Tanranga-Taupo Scheme : Tractors at Work on Foot-hills . . .. .. .. .. 80 Tawanui Station : Showing the " Control " and " Cobalt " Ewes employed in a Cobalt Top-dressing Experiment 89 Waiapu-Matakaoa Scheme— A Settler's Milking-herd .. .. .. • ■ • • • • ■ ■ • ■ . . 83 A Dairy-farm .. .. .. . • • ■ • • • • • • • • ■ • .. 83 A New Dwelling erected for a Settler .. .. . ■ • • • ■ • • • • .. 85 Wharekahika Scheme — An Old Type of Cow-shed .. . • • • • • • • • ■ • • • • .. 84 A New Cow-shed built for a Settler .. .. . • • • • • • • • • .. 84 The Former Type of Dwelling used by a Settler .. . . .. .. • • • • 85

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GENERAL REPORT. The present personnel of the Board constituted under the Board of Native Affairs Act, 1934-35, is as follows The Native Minister (Chairman). The Under-Secretary of the Native Department. The Financial Adviser to the Government. The Under-Secretary for Lands. The Valuer-General. The Director-General of Agriculture. James S. Jessep, Esquire. Hubert M. Christie, Esquire. This report, dealing with the operations of the Board of Native Affairs during the financial year ended 31st March, 1939, continues the narration, presented in previous statements to both Houses of the General Assembly during the last eight years, of the efforts being made in the development and settlement of Native lands and in the amelioration of the living conditions of the Maori people, through the provision of State or Trust funds. The last two decades have witnessed a renascence of the Native race, and this renewal of Maori life is manifest in the increasing population, in inter-tribal gatherings, in the revival of the arts and crafts of the people, in the erection of buildings for communal needs, and also in the general feeling of racial pride. Unmistakable evidence that a strong desire exists among the leaders of the race to become useful settlers and to contribute to the productive wealth of the country is shown in the growth and magnitude of the land-settlement schemes, which were initiated in 1930 with the object of establishing as many as possible of the people in rural industries. Beginning in the East Coast and Rotorua districts the requests from Native communities for assistance through the State development policy soon increased as the benefits to be derived from modern methods of farmingbecame apparent. In 1931, forty-one schemes had been proclaimed under the development provisions of the Native Land Act, and, of this area, 60,000 acres had been cleared, grassed, or otherwise improved. To-day, 840,000 acres have been included in the project, while, of this total area, 253,000 acres are under cultivation and are either being farmed as individual holdings or are in the process of settlement. Some nineteen hundred settlers are established, and these, with the three thousand farm workers, their wives, children, and other dependent relatives, comprise approximately one-quarter of the Maori population of New Zealand. The general adverse climatic conditions experienced, during the past year were inimical to the farming industry and caused a temporary check to the increase in the volume of production, although on the development schemes production showed an upward trend as a result of top-dressing and the cultivation of further areas, which enabled additional stock to be carried. A cold spring and the effects of facial eczema have resulted in lower lambing percentages. In North Auckland, despite unfavourable conditions, production was well maintained. In the Waikato and King-country districts the prolonged dry summer caused a decline in butterfat production and affected the conservation of winter feed, although, on the other hand, it facilitated burning-off operations. In the Rotorua area the milking herds had to be dried off earlier, due to the shortage of feed. Floods were encountered in the East Coast, Hawke's Bay, and Manawatu districts in the autumn of 1938, which, together with the phenomenally wet winter, caused extensive damage and loss of fences, pastures, and live-stock. In the South Island, variable and extreme weather conditions prevailed. Generally speaking, the recent summer was unfavourable for the dairy-farmer, but in most districts sheep held their condition well, but prices for both fat and store sheep were considerably lower than last year.

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Despite the difficult season for farmers generally and the heavy stock mortality in some districts, the year's returns from Native land undertakings show a still further increase over that of previous years. The total receipts amounted to approximately £414,000, of which the Department's proportion in repayment of loan liabilities was £257,408, in comparison with £223,876 for the previous season, being an increase of 15 per cent. The principal items, with the preceding year's figures shown in parentheses, are as follow : Butterfat representing the Department's proportion only, which is usually 40 per cent., £116,360 (£93,841) ; wool sales, £34,324 (£22,903); proceeds from live-stock sold, £89,907 (£93,991); and sundry receipts, £16,817 (£13,141). The volume of dairy production has increased from 3,957,000 lb. to 4,362,926 lb. of butterfat, or, in other terms, from 2,151 tons to 2,370 tons of butter during the year under review. The wool-clip from all pastoral activities directly controlled by the Board of Native Affairs—development schemes, Native Trust, and Maori Land Board stations—totalled 4,746 bales, as against 3,486 bales for the previous year ; while on the East Coast Trust farms an additional clip of 2,634 bales of wool was produced. During the year under review grants from the Employment Promotion Fund amounting to £415,000 were made available through the Department, and in utilizing these funds the Board has continued its policy of absorbing unemployed Natives on productive work on Native lands. The majority of these workmen were engaged on farm, development schemes, but in those districts where there were Maoris who could not be placed on these projects or on Native housing construction, productive work was provided on Native-owned lands, and especially on those properties in which the Board is directly interested, particularly Maori Land Board, Native Trust, and East Coast Trust stations, and holdings under mortgage to the Department. As a certain proportion of the lands at present being developed may be classed as marginal, work on this type of country has been made possible by these grants from the Employment Promotion Fund, subsidies ranging from 50 per cent, to 100 per cent, being authorized according to the nature of the properties under cultivation. With the exception of labour on housing construction, all subsidized work was carried out under contract system based on the principle of enabling an efficient workman to earn standard wages. In cases where returns from farming operations were found to be insufficient to maintain a reasonable standard of living for Native settlers, the Board has provided assistance during the winter months by way of subsidized contracts, with the object of increasing the productivity of holdings. On Native scheme lands the number of Maoris assisted throughout the year was three thousand, while approximately one thousand were employed on other Native properties. The Board believes that good value is being obtained from moneys spent on the promotion of Maori employment, inasmuch as the Natives have been engaged on productive work on their own lands, and particularly work, which from the point of view of national wealth, will ultimately reflect itself in increased production and exports. The more progressive Maori farmers have shown a desire to avail themselves of the facilities for herd-testing, and it is encouraging to see this feeling extending throughout those schemes where dairying is being carried out. The Herd-testing Associations have co-operated splendidly with field supervisors in the establishment of testing groups, and, wherever they have been formed, the great interest that is being taken by the members, and also by other settlers not already included, is noticeable. As the number of dairy cows being milked by Maori settlers to-day is over thirty-four thousand, the need for herd-testing is apparent, and is being encouraged by the departmental officers. In co-operation with the Department of Agriculture, experiments with sheep were conducted on the Waimiha scheme and the Tawanui station, in the Kingcountry, in combating " bush sickness " and " Mairoa dopiness," respectively, by top-dressing the pastures with cobaltized superphosphate. Details of the unqualified success of this trial are presented later in this report. These successful and convincing experiments are of considerable significance, and the results indicate a possible solution of the problems connected with " bush-sick " and " deficient " lands.

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The Ahuwhenua Trophy, presented by the Right Hon. Viscount Bledisloe during his term of office in New Zealand for annual competition among Maori settlers occupying land under the various Native development schemes, was awarded this year to a dairy-farmer at Horolioro, near Rotorua. In stating that the first two contestants were outstanding examples of farmers who had applied themselves intelligently to the task of developing their holdings, the judge commented favourably upon the general standard reached by the competitors, and emphasized the importance of making more provision for shelter either by tree-planting or preservation of Native bush, herd-testing with rigorous culling of stock, correct methods of pig husbandry, and the conservation of winter feed. It is hoped that one important result of facilitating the settlement of Native land will be the gradual solution of the vexed problem of local rating. Relieving that it is neither equitable nor just to the Maori race that its birthright should be whittled away through non-payment of rates on areas which in the past have lain idle, the Government is reluctant to agree to the enforcement of rating charges by sale until such time as the particular Native has had a reasonable chance of obtaining from his land the necessary revenue to meet living-expenses, farm maintenance, and interest and rates —or, in other words, until he has had the opportunity of using his land to good advantage through the provision of financial assistance and expert farming guidance. In return, the State expects that the Maori should fulfil his obligations as a citizen, and pay his share of all taxation. Time is, of course, an essential element in bringing land into productivity, but it is confidently hoped that the progress being made in this direction will result in a considerable improvement in this matter. The question of granting leases to Native occupiers under the State's development plan, in order to provide security of tenure, lias been under consideration by the Board for some time past, but is proving a difficult problem owing to the varied circumstances of the different schemes and the complex character of the titles involved. Areas included in the farm settlement projects comprise Native lands, Crown lands, European lands acquired by Natives, and similar lands which have been purchased by the Board, and, although the greater portion subject to development is Native freehold, the position is further confused by the fact that the titles to this class of land are in many cases in the process of consolidation for the purpose of grouping scattered interests into economic holdings. To a, layman such intricacy of titles is bewildering, but the Board, after considering opinions submitted by Judges of the Court, hopes in the near future to be in a position to grant satisfactory tenures to the successful occupiers of individual farms. Substantial progress has been made in improving the housing-conditions of the Maori people, and under the provisions of the Native Housing Act, 1935, and its amendment of 1938, the Department, in collaboration with the Public Works Department, is proceeding steadily with the erection, repair, alteration, or improvement of Native dwellings, and the provision of amenities in the nature of adequate water-supplies and sanitation. Recent surveys of Native villages and settlements throughout the country disclose the fact that the housing-accommodation of the people presents a serious problem, and many are living in habitations unfit for human occupation. The vivid comparison and contrast between the type of dwelling now being provided and the dilapidated and overcrowded shacks which previously served as homes may be seen from the photographs presented in this and former reports. The three methods, all of which are based on the principle of repayable advances, under which improved housing is made available to the Maori are as follow : Firstly, dwellings erected on development scheme lands ; secondly, loans to Natives on mortgagable securities for the purpose of erecting new or repairing existing houses ; and, thirdly, the provision of cottages for indigent Maoris, whose means of repayment are usually assignments deemed insufficient security for loan purposes. The houses erected, purchased, or repaired up to the 31st March, 1939, with the figures for the previous financial year in parentheses, numbered 1,134 (679), classified as follow : Under development schemes, 937 (654) ; under the Housing Act, 74 (13) ; and under the Special Native Housing Fund established for the needs of indigent Natives, 123 (12). Although these measures to ameliorate the living

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conditions have already relieved many pressing cases, there is a wide field yet untouched, and the real solution of the housing problem is for the people themselves to utilize to the best advantage their earnings and other resources, supplemented by such aid as the State can make available. In addition to directing the farming operations of the Native Trustee and the Maori Land Boards, which embrace fifteen properties aggregating 66,935 acres, in respect of which advances amounting to £265,000 have been made, the Board of Native Affairs controls the investments on mortgage or otherwise of these bodies. At the 31st March last the total mortgage investments amounted to £734,000, including £555,000 to 638 Natives, while £75,000 was held in Government securities ; and throughout the year the Board pursued its policy of encouraging the application of surplus Trust funds towards assistance to Maoris upon proper security for farming and housing purposes. The Board anticipates that the policy of fostering the development of Native lands will result in laying the foundation for the rehabilitation of the Maori people, but the stimulus necessary to implement the programme effectively must emanate from within the race. The task of the elders and leaders is to encourage their tribesmen to adapt themselves to a mode of living most suited to their needs, and to exercise wisdom and prudence in their money affairs. It should be realized, however, that the results of the farm settlement policy will be more fully apparent in the next generation of Maoridom, and that the lands remaining to-day will provide for only a proportion of the people —the remainder must necessarily be absorbed into other pursuits or avenues of employment. It remains for the Board to express its due sense of appreciation of the loyal services of officers of the Native Department, who have continued to display initiative and zeal in carrying out the policy of the Board. Accompanying this statement are individual reports of the various agricultural and pastoral schemes, farms, and other activities controlled by the Board, together with detailed returns, statistical tables, and financial information concerning the Board's operations. Chairman.

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PART I.—NATIVE HOUSING OPERATIONS. The Native Housing Act, 1935, and its regulations issued in December, 1936, and the amendment to the Act in 1938 which extended the provisions of the principal Act, authorized the Board of Native Affairs to grant loans, out of moneys appropriated by Parliament, to Maoris for the following purposes, namely : — (a) For the erection, repair, alteration, or improvement of any dwelling. (b) For the repair, alteration, improvement, or installation in or in respect of any dwelling of a system of lighting, heating, sanitation, water-supply, or other conveniences. (c) For the purchase of land or interests in land as a site for dwellings. (d) For the acquisition of land or the setting-apart, of Crown land for the purpose of enabling the Board itself to erect dwellings and to sell, lease, or let them. (e) For the draining, cultivation, or general improvement of the land appurtenant to any dwelling. The classes of security required under the Act to be considered by the Board comprise a first mortgage of Native land (including a leasehold interest), a first mortgage of any undivided interest in Native land, an assignment of the proceeds of the alienation of Native land, an assignment or disposition of any other moneys payable to a Native, or such other security as the Board may approve. The Act provides that the rate of interest to be charged upon advances shall not be in excess of the current rate fixed by the State Advances Corporation of New Zealand in respect of loans granted bv it; and under the regulations repayments of advances may be either, at the expiration of a stated period, on demand, by periodical equal or unequal payments consisting partly of principal and partly of interest, or in such other manner as the Board in any particular case thinks expedient. Section 18 of the Native Housing Amendment Act, 1938, establishes a fund, called the " Special Native Housing Fund/' to be used for the purpose of enabling the provision of houses for those Natives who are unable to furnish the security or to make the payments which the Board of Native Affairs would ordinarily require. The financing of this fund, apart from repayments from Natives, is dependent upon parliamentary appropriations. The following reports from the districts indicate the progress achieved to date. TOKERAU DISTRICT: REPORT OF NATIVE HOUSING. The provision of better housing-conditions for the Maori people consequent upon Government policy is becoming an increasingly important part of the Native Department's activities, and investigations made by departmental officers in almost every part of the Tokerau district have revealed a position which cannot but be viewed with serious concern. A large number of Natives are living under conditions conducive to a high rate of infant mortality and the prevalence of disease. The Government's decision to extend the provisions of the Native Housing Act, 1935, and the passing of the Native Housing Amendment Act, 1938, can be regarded as milestones in the solution of this problem. In the administration of the Act the Department is faced with problems which are peculiar to Native affairs. The financial position of many Natives within the Tokerau district is such as to virtually preclude the possibility of any substantial repayments being made —the difficulties of land titles, aggravated by the multiplicity of ownership, lack of understanding and initiative on the part of many Natives in the greatest need, such factors tend to make the task more arduous and intricate. Gradually, however, difficulties are being surmounted, and throughout the district new houses are arising to replace the hovels of the past. The construction work has been handled almost entirely by the Public Works Department, and as their organization has been built up houses have been completed at a steady rate. The policy of engaging Native labour wherever possible has been pursued and has proved very satisfactory. For the most part, Native artisans have shown a ready aptitude for the work and, under the supervision of pakeha foremen, are now relieving the acute shortage of skilled European tradesmen. The type and size of the houses to be erected and the amenities to be included require continual consideration ; in particular, reference to the question of reconciling the housing needs of each particular family with its ability to give adequate security and to repay the advance required. Up to 31st March, 1939, the expenditure of £3,221, involving ton cases, had been approved from the funds available under the Native Housing Act, and £27,336, involving ninety-seven cases, had been appropriated from the Special Housing Fund created under the powers of the Native Housing Amendment Act, 1938. The fact that so few advances have been approved under the Act is some indication of the financial position of the greater proportion of the Tokerau Natives. The advances from the Special Housing Fund are, of course, limited to the amounts periodically appropriated by the Government for this purpose. The total amount of the advances so far approved from this fund fully covers the Tokerau district's allocation. It is gratifying to see the degree of care which occupants are showing in their treatment of houses which have so far been erected. The better conditions are universally appreciated and must inevitably show their results in the morale and health of the people. Now that many initial difficulties of organization have been overcome, there is every indication that steady progress will be made.

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WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO DISTRICT: REPORT ON NATIVE HOUSING. Upon foundations laid last year, the Department is to-day speeding up the erection of houses for Natives in the Waikato-Maniapoto district. That there is a tremendous need for improved housingconditions in all parts of the district is very evident, and the eagerness of Natives to avail themselves of the provisions of the Native Housing Act is shown by the hundreds of applications which have been received and which continue to be submitted. These applications are the subject of inquiry and investigation, and with the assistance of the Native Land Court difficulties arising from involved land titles are being overcome, but the necessity in many cases for partitions and surveys results in inevitable delay in providing the security required for loans. The erection and repairing of houses has been handled almost entirely by the Public Works Department, to whom each case is referred as soon as the advance has been approved by the Board of Native Affairs and the required securities have been completed. Invariably the Board is faced with the problem of limited financial resources and large families. From time to time requests are received for such amenities as hot-water systems, electric lighting, &c., and these improvements to the standard plans are included in all cases where the Native is in the position to bear the cost. Up to 31st March, 1939, fourteen applications involving an expenditure of £6,282 had been approved from the funds available under the Native Housing Act, and sixty-three applications totalling £17,969 had been appropriated from the Special Housing Fund created under the powers of the Native Housing Amendment Act, 1938, while a large number of requests were in the course of investigation. At the end of the financial year under review the Waikato-Maniapoto District's share of the Special Housing Fund had been fully committed. The number of Natives whose circumstances enable them to offer the security required under the main Act is very limited, and the advances so far approved to this class are confined almost entirely to persons who are in receipt of steady incomes from their leased lands. The majority of the applicants may be classed as indigent or landless and come within the scope of the Special Fund. It is gratifying to note that a real pride is being taken in the appearance and cleanliness of the homes, and that in practically every instance conscientious efforts are being made to keep repayments right up to date. As at 31st March, 1939, thirty-two new houses had been erected and eight old dwellings repaired, while at that date a further six were in the course of construction. In addition, considerable progress in the provision of housing on properties under development has been achieved, particulars of which are furnished in the tables appended to this report. WAIARIKI DISTRICT: REPORT ON NATIVE HOUSING. Although the actual number of houses for Natives erected in this district during the year did not reach expectations, the question of building up an organization to more effectively deal with the existing conditions and carry out the policy of the Government in the very extensive programme necessary to effect a permanent improvement in the housing conditions of Maori families in this district has been given attention. The first efforts under the reorganization will be carried into effect in the central area in co-operation with the Resident Engineer of the Public Works Department at Rotorua, which Department will attend to the actual constructional work. An arrangement has already been made to train suitable youths and young men in the carpentering trade and, as they become efficient, to allocate them to the gangs erecting the dwellings. It is the intention also to train picked youths in all the various branches of work required in house construction—plumbing, drainlaying, and wiring, &c. This, it is hoped, will help to some extent to solve the existing labour problem, and at the same time give valuable training and a means of livelihood to these boys in. later yG&rs This Board has associated with it the local Inspector of Health, and generally is co-operating with his Department and all other organizations interested in the welfare of the Maori people. The result is that there is every indication that the houses erected will be the most suitable, considering the very limited resources of a large majority of the applicants. The necessity of providing homes and renovating existing dwellings is a very urgent one in this area, and, although the path to the final objective is beset with numerous difficulties, every effort is being made to push the work ahead. It is realized that the building of dwellings alone is not, in itself sufficient, and in order that the improvement brought about by their erection may constitute a foundation for permanent betterment in living-conditions generally, a great deal of attendant welfare work is necessary. In this respect every effort is being made to ensure that the maximum benefit is being derived by those persons who have had, or will in the near future have, new homes built for t ""Up to 31st March, 1939. the expenditure of £3,040, involving eight cases, had been approved from the funds available under the Native Housing Act, and £9,689, covering twenty-seven applicants, had been appropriated from the Special Housing Fund. An area of Crown land within the Rotorua Borough was purchased for housing purposes. As the Native Housing Act is becoming more widely known among the people, applications are coming in from all parts of the district. From the investigation of the applications it is very evident how necessitous are the great majority of the cases. However, it is anticipated that, with judicious planning and continued efforts to keep down costs, it will be possible under the new organization to bring the benefits obtainable under the provisions of the Native Housing Act to within the reach of a large number of Maori homeseekers.

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TAIRAWHITI DISTRICT: REPORT ON NATIVE HOUSING. During the past year, although only fair progress has been achieved in regard to the actual construction work, an efficient organization has been built up. There are now six " keymen " carpenters in control of eight Maori gangs, and, in addition, a " keyman " painter and a plumber are employed. Authority has been given for the employment of a further two carpenters, arid as soon as suitable men are obtained new gangs will be created. Of the sixteen adult Maoris and five youths employed, the majority are doing quite good work and are displaying a keenness that is typical of their race. To date a total of 524 applications have been received, and of these, 283 have been submitted for the consideration of the Board. Preparatory work has been carried out on 110 applications, and 55 are not being proceeded with for various reasons. The following is the position of the housing activities up to the 31st March, 1939 : Authorizations under the Native Housing Act for erections and repairs, totalled £28,767, involving eighty-five cases, while the actual houses completed during the past year numbered four, with seven in the course of construction; from the Special Fund an amount of £12,293 has been approved to cover forty-seven applicants, the dwellings completed last year numbering eleven, with two additional ones in progress. AOTEA DISTRICT: REPORT ON NATIVE HOUSING. The living conditions of many individual Natives in this district have been improved out of recognition through the operations under the Native Housing Act. Loans have been granted under the Act to the extent of £24,868 for seventy-two cases, and, in addition, advances authorized from the Special Fund to eleven applicants aggregated £3,050. The securities offered are carefully scrutinized, and are generally adequate. The question as to how far indigent Natives should be assisted and as to how far any recommendation to the Board of Native Affairs should go is one requiring very careful investigation and discrimination. To date, twenty houses have been erected, twelve repaired, six bought, and three dwellings are in course of erection. As their maintenance is a matter that has to be carefully watched, and as there is also a tendency for the houses to be overcrowded, to the detriment of the health of the inmates, the supervisor in each area has been instructed to inspect the houses at regular intervals and to report any cases of overcrowding, neglect in proper maintenance, or the non-payment of rates. IKAROA DISTRICT: REPORT ON NATIVE HOUSING. Despite difficulties in establishing applicants' titles to building-sites and also in obtaining qualified tradesmen, or key-men, to take charge of and train gangs of Maori labourers, steady progress has been maintained with the housing programme for the past twelve months, and all building activities in the district, both on development schemes and under the provisions of the Native Housing Act, are being carried out by Maori teams under the control of qualified builders. The class of work being performed by these gangs has been the subject' of much favourable comment, and the results achieved undoubtedly reflect, the greatest credit upon the men concerned and those responsible for their training. A solution has yet to be found to the problem of providing homes for people who have no land and little income, but in the meantime this class of applicant is being encouraged to save a deposit. A total of 341 applications for new houses or repairs to existing dwellings has been received to date. SOUTH ISLAND: REPORT ON NATIVE HOUSING. The housing programme in this Island has been restricted and confined owing to the small and scattered Maori population, combined with the fact that most of the Natives are in the indigent class and their needs can only be met by labour subsidies. Furthermore, no qualified builders capable of handling gangs of untrained men are available, and with no field staff located in the South Island it has been impossible to establish an organization. However, these matters are receiving consideration, and it is hoped, with the co-operation of the Public Works Department, to gradually overcome the existing obstacles. In the Marlborough District a Maori gang under the supervision of a Native builder has been doing excellent work.

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PART II. —STATE DEVELOPMENT SCHEMES. The most important of the schemes now in operation for the development of the lands of the Maori people, and for assisting them in farming, are those which are financed out of moneys provided by the State and which are administered by the Board of Native Affairs under the authority of Part I of the Native Land Amendment Act, 1936. For purposes of administration these schemes are grouped in Maori Land Board, districts, and it is proposed in this part of the report to review their operations during the past year. It may be mentioned by way of introduction that there are three classes or kinds of schemes which come under the above heading, viz. : — (1) Land development schemes : Which have for their object the development and settlement of blocks or compact areas of Native land—e.g., Horohoro and Waimiha. (2) Unit development schemes embracing a group of settlers' farms : For further developing small holdings of lands already settled on or being farmed by Native individuals or families—e.g., Bay of Islands and Ruatoki. (3) Base farms : Which have been established for the purpose of assembling, holding, and .distributing live-stock to surrounding schemes —e.g., Manukau Farm. The plan in which this section of the report is presented is as follows : — A general report on the schemes in a district, narratives on each scheme, full statistical data concerning all schemes, and summarized receipts and payments accounts. TOKERAU MAORI LAND DISTRICT. The map of the Tokerau or Northen district, which stretches from Auckland City to Cape Reinga, reveals a long and rugged coast-line indented by numerous and extensive tidal tributaries and arms of the sea. Within the boundaries of this peninsula one-fourth of the Native population of New Zealand reside and own nearly 500,000 acres of tribal lands. The lands of North Auckland are in the main of medium quality only, but the climate is generous The areas held by Natives, however, offer only limited scope for land-settlement, and it will be essential for many of the people to look to industry and trades for their absorption into the economic life of the country. As regards Native farming, a noticeable improvement on all sides is to be seen, and many holdings are now reaching the self-supporting stage. Much cleaning up has been done, and with the judicious use of fertilizers the pastures are showing improvement. In all areas supervisors report that a greater number of heifers were raised last season than previously, while the quality and type are of a good standard. In some cases the supervisors have a little difficulty in impressing on the Maori mind the necessity to thoroughly prepare the land for the laying-down of pastures and then to diligently attend to his daily routine farming duties. In some cases, also, he does not fully realize the necessity to always conserve sufficient winter fodder to carry his stock through an unfavourable season. The dairy factories and Dairy Instructors report that a great improvement has been effected in the production conditions on the Native farms, the installation of suitable water-supplies and the erection of cow-sheds to comply with the Dairy Industry Act regulations having largely been responsible for this. Comparative returns of grading taken out by the dairy companies reveal that the difference in grading between European and Maori suppliers is very small, while the general care and attention in the cleanliness of the sheds has been favourably commented upon by the Dairy Inspectors. Herd-testing in the Mangonui and Hokianga districts was continued, and extensive culling of herds in all localities was undertaken. The year ended 31st March, 1939, has been a trying one in so far as climatic conditions were concerned. A cold, wet winter and the absence of adequate shelter in several areas caused trouble in many herds. Although mammitis was not as noticeable as in previous years, vaginitis has been responsible for many of the cows not coming into profit this season. The pastures were liberally top-dressed last autumn, but an exceptionally dry summer seriously interfered with the growth. Shortage of water also presented a major problem on most farms in the far North, where even the paspalum pastures, usually well suited to a dry season, suffered from the rigours of the protracted dry spell and provided scant feed for stock. All dairy factories report a decline in butterfat production, but in so far as the Native farms are concerned the top-dressing of pastures and the cultivation of further areas has enabled additional stock to be carried, and consequently the total poundage produced will be in excess of former years. The negotiations with the Tokerau District Maori Land Board for the transfer of the Te Kao Block were completed. In addition to the fifty settlers taken over from the Board's scheme, forty other applicants, including a number on the east coast at Pakiri, near Leigh, were brought under the project. An area of land was acquired at Oturu, near Awanui, for the enlargement of existing Native holdings, and several small areas of Crown land adjacent to Native communities were also taken over from the Lands Department. A Native leasehold area near Dargaville under mortgage to the Crown Lands Department was cleared of its liability and is now being prepared for future settlement.

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The principal works undertaken in addition to the normal maintenance of pastures are fully described in the tables annexed and in the descriptive report on each scheme or farming project. In round figures the activities can briefly be summarized as follows : 456,650 acres of land have b'een proclaimed under the scheme, eight hundred and twenty settlers have been established on 120,000 acres, one thousand male adults have been given some measure of assistance in the working of these lands, one hundred and ten Native workmen have been employed under the supervision of the Public Works Department on Native housing and two hundred and fifty settlers whose lands have not yet been placed under the departmental control received subsidized labour assistance in the improvement of their holdings. Together with the workmen and settlers, there are estimated to be nearly ten thousand men, women, and children dependent on these activities. Development Housing.—One of the principal activities of the Department in North Auckland during this past eighteen months has been that of improving the living-conditions of the settlers. By co-operation with the Public Works Department a large number of houses, which conform in the main to the standard set by the Health Department, have been completed. Subsidies from the Employment Promotion Fund towards the labour costs have greatly assisted in this important work. Details illustrating the extent of this work to date are as follows : An expenditure of £92,373 has been authorized to cover the erection or repair of houses, and of this programme the actual expenditure to 31st March, 1939, was £46,851. Altogether 235 cottages have been erected, 12 cottages repaired, and 56 others are in the course of erection. These houses are being erected by the Natives themselves under expert supervision, and it is pleasing to note that the Maori is proving himself to be an apt pupil. His improved workmanship is much in evidence, and generally the scheme is progressing satisfactorily. Some years ago, when the consolidation of Native land titles, whereby scattered interests of family groups are marshalled into adjoining areas, was commenced to facilitate the establishment of Native settlers on their land, the Tokerau district was subdivided into four areas the boundaries of which coincided with those of the counties from which they took their names —viz., Mangonui, Hokianga, Bay of Islands, and Kaipara. For convenience of reference, settlers under the developmental policy are grouped under these comprehensive schemes, the details on the country and the localities embraced therein having been presented in previous G.-10 reports. The particular's of these areas for the year under review arc given in the annexed statistical tables, but the following points are mentioned hereunder :— Bay of Islands. —Of the gazetted area of 177,630 acres, there are 27,363 acres under development. The number of established settlers is 240, and they are milking 3,594 cows. Climatic conditions in this district have been particularly severe, a cold, wet winter having affected the condition of the stock, while in the early part of the season production was retarded. Hokianga. —The area gazetted in this scheme is 98,204 acres, of which 20,617 acres have been developed to date, while the established settlers number 269. They are miking 4,112 cows. A plentiful rainfall in all districts ensures good cropping and pasture growth, and larger herds are able to be carried in the flush of the season than in other parts as there are considerable areas of good puriri hill country which provide suitable shelter for the stock in the winter months. The past season has been a favourable one. Kaipara.—An area of 6,746 acres has been developed out of the total of 26,137 acres. Sixty-eight settlers have been established and are milking 1,055 cows. Climatic conditions varied during the year, and with the advent of an exceptionally dry summer a noticeable decline in production has resulted. Mangonui.--There are 243 settlers within this scheme, which embraces an area of 127,256 acres, of which 16,333 acres have been developed. The tally of cows being milked was 3,156. Te Kao (Mangonui). This property of 5,359 acres, situated on the shores of Parengarenga Harbour, about forty-five miles to the north-west of Awanui, was formerly under the control of the Maori Land Board. The area has now been taken under the direct control of the Board of Native Affairs, negotiations for the transfer having been completed earlier in the year. There are fifty-two settlers established. Progress has been made in the erection of dwellings for the Native occupiers, six houses having now been completed and a further eleven being under construction. Twenty dairy-sheds conforming to the requirements of the Department of Agriculture have been erected. At Tangoake a wharf and shed, to facilitate the handling of manure and other stores, have been erected by the Public Works Department, which Department has also completed eighteen miles of metalled road running nine miles north of Te Kao to nine miles south through the Wairahi deviation to Ngataki. From the production aspect the season has not been a good one, growth having started late and the dry weather having set in much earlier than usual. Despite this fact it is anticipated that butterfat figures will compare favourably with former seasons. The quality of the cream supplied has been favourably commented on by the dairy company. Herd-testing was continued, and culling will be carried out in a systematic manner. Application has been made by the settlers to become shareholders of the dairy company in order to obtain a voice in the administration of the company, which they have been supplying for a number of years. Steps are being taken to have bills of sale registered over all the stock and chattels taken over from the Tokerau District Maori Land Board. Figures relative to the work done, the people supported, and the stock carried are included in the Mangonui scheme statistics.

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Manukau. Situated adjacent to the Kaitaia-Herekino Road, this property of 830 acres of easy to steep clay loam country is now well subdivided. Much fencing, logging, and clearing have been done, and 100 acres have been cultivated preparatory to sowing down in grass. The quality and condition of the stock running on this scheme reflect the benefit of top-dressing the pasture. Last season an excellent sole of grass was put down, and this was grazed with in-calf heifers, which were later transferred to established settlers. Work is being given to ten men in procuring from an adjoining State forest area a large quantity of first-class kauri timber which will be utilized for housing construction in the Manukau district. Last June 44 men with 102 dependants were employed on the area, but the majority of them will shortly be transferred to a nearby public-works job. All the stock is in good condition, though losses from worrying by dogs were heavy among the sheep, and during the winter many deaths of lambs resulted from lung-worm. Consequent upon an inspection of the block during the year preparatory to the establishment of a number of settlers, it was decided to readjust some of the sections to permit of economic farms being established. The proposed adjustments to the boundaries have been referred to the Native Land Court for discussion with the beneficial owners, and when this has been completed a, commencement will be made with the erection of dwellings and sheds and the establishment of individual settlers. The live-stock carried at 31st March, 1939, comprised 206 run cattle, 205 dry sheep, and 27 horses. Mohinui. Formerly farmed by development settlers, this property of 773 acres, situated south of Kawakawa, is now being worked as one block. It comprises mostly easy ridges with a little bush in the gullies, and occasional limestone outcrops. In 1931 an area of 400 acres was surface sown, but the resultant pasture was poor. The ploughing of a large portion of the block will now be necessary. As the majority of the owners are absentees, an early subdivision will not be undertaken. Some 40 acres have been ploughed and sown down during the past season, and 20 acres of standing tea-tree were felled, burnt, and grassed. As suitable labour was not available here to carry out essential development work, a. Native contractor was employed with Ids tractor to carry out the cultivation. The stock-work, repairing of fences, and other farm maintenance were carried out by two workmen employed at standard rates of pay. A wool-shed and sheep-yards were erected. As a result of a shortage of feed during the spring months, combined with the fact that lambing was early, sheep losses were fairly heavy, while the aftermath of the facial-eczema epidemic was also very much in evidence. The disease was not apparent to any marked degree during the main epidemic, but delayed internal disorders became evident during the winter months. There are five women and fifteen children dependent oil the workers of this scheme. The livestock tally was 43 run cattle and 537 sheep. Ngataki. Situated at Ngataki, in the far North, between Te Kao and Houhora, and comprising 2,700 acres, this block, which is classed as marginal land, was handed over to the Native Department by the Lands Department for the settlement of Natives from Te Hapua. To-day there is a total of 155 Te Hapua people on the scheme, comprising 35 men, 27 women, and 93 children. The health of the community has been excellent, and an unmistakable brightness in the demeanour of the people is apparent, especially among the children. It is not proposed to undertake a heavy building programme until the results of the experiment of cultivation at Ngataki are revealed, but even the temporary accommodation at present provided is an improvement on their former living-conditions at Te Hapua. The development activities embraced the following : 340 acres of clearing, 535 chains of new fencing, 450 chains of new draining and the clearing of 385 chains of old drains, 34 chains of roading, and the cultivation and grassing of 200 acres, the filling-in of gum holes on 25 acres, the planting of 500 macrocarpa trees, the quarrying of 200 cubic yards of sand-rock for road repairs, the splitting of 940 posts, 81 strainers, 600 battens, and 6 stringers ; while to enable the fencing programme to be proceeded with 6,000 puriri posts and 1,166 strainers were transferred from the Mangatete bush block near Kaitaia. Next year it is proposed to establish a tree nursery at Ngataki to meet the afforestation requirements of the far North and at the same time to provide a useful avenue of employment for local Natives. Okaroro. •This property, comprising an area of 1,760 acres, is situated to the south of the Otiria Railwaystation. The soil varies from good limestone on the front to medium to hard clay at the back. Progress with the work of restoring the pastures has been contingent upon the labour supply, fifteen men only having been employed.

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Climatic conditions have been unfavourable ; a dry autumn, followed by a wet winter and spring, and tlien a hot and windy summer, have been detrimental to the stock, losses being heavier than usual. The majority of the sheep escaped the eczema in this area, but the lambing percentage was, in common with the general experience in the district, very poor ; likewise, the calving percentage among the cattle was low, and numerous losses occurred among the old cows. With the improvement made in the fencing, much better use can be made of the cattle in the control of the pastures. Bid i-bidi has a fairly strong hold on the front portion of the place and it will take heavy stocking and manuring to eradicate the pest. The principal development activities during the past year embraced the clearing of 640 acres, 140 chains of new fencing with repairs to 80 chains, the digging of 85 chains of drains, and the cultivation of 640 acres ; while in addition, the wool-shed was enlarged, new sheep-yards were erected, and six workmen's huts (20 ft. by 14 ft.) were built; a water-supply was laid on to the hutments ; and fourteen bridges over the ereeks and drains are being constructed. The property was running the following stock : 395 run cattle, 556 breeding-ewes, and 663 dry sheep. Opapaki. Located near Otiria, an additional area of 112 acres has recently been taken over, making the total area of this property 997 acres. An area of 100 acres has been ploughed and is being laid down in grass. A railway goods-shed which will serve this and neighbouring schemes and Native properties has been erected at Motatau, and will provide a. much-needed amenity. A further area of 10 acres of swamp between the road and the railway-line which has not previously been occupied will be taken over during the next year. Arrangements are under way to have 60 chains of road formed to give access to the back of the block and to a development settler. The stock comprised 122 run cattle and 474 sheep. Oturei. Lying towards the coast from Te Kopuru, in the Dargaville district, this area of 1,803 acres of Native land was recently brought under departmental control. It is estimated that, of the total area, some 600 acres located on the west of the block and extending from the sea-coast inland for a distance of about 95 chains will be capable of economic development for dairying. The land being developed consists of a light sandy loam, and a water-supply can be obtained from a small lake near the coast. A large number of men has been given employment in the clearing, cultivating, and fencing, while a new cottage, an implement-shed, and four hutments for the workers have also been erected. An area of 100 acres is being sown this autumn. Twelve women and forty children are dependent upon the workers of this scheme. Climatic conditions up to the present have been very dry. The only stock on the property is the seventeen working-bullocks, with which the majority of the carting and cultivation work has been carried out. An extensive programme has been planned for the ensuing year. Oturu. This property, containing an area of 569 acres, is situated near the Kaitaia-Kaingaroa main highway. It was a European-owned block which was purchased by the Department towards the end of this year in order to permit of the enlargement of the several uneconomic sections being farmed by the adjoining Natives. The country is well watered by streams and swamps, while the land varies from flat to rolling puriri bush country, comprising 50 acres of swamp, 40 acres of standing bush, and 300 acres of rough paspalum pasture. The balance is in gorse, tea-tree, and rough feed. A large quantity of first-class puriri timber is easily procurable and will supply the fencing requirements of the area. At the present time the Public Works Department is proceeding with the roading of the block, all available workmen being employed on that job. This work will be completed in the near future, when the active development of the block will be commenced. Stock for grazing will be placed on the property immediately the fencing is sufficiently renovated to hold the cattle. Ounuwhao. Containing an area of 2,371 acres, this station is situated about three miles from the Dargaville saleyards and factory. The land varies in contour from undulating to hilly country, and is fairly well watered. The work available on this scheme has provided useful employment throughout the year for a large number of men, as many as fifty-six being employed at one stage, although the normal number ranges between thirty to forty. Several of these men travel from their homes in Dargaville each day, while the balance are accommodated in hutments or tents. A water-supply duly approved

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by the Health Department's Inspector has been installed, and is laid on to the workmen's cottages by means of a hydraulic ram. As well as the workmen, nineteen married women and fifty-six children are dependent on the property, and their health has been good. In addition to the development work detailed in the tables, 4,000 posts, 14,815 battens, 667 strainers, and 413 stays were split for fences ; 35,695 ft. (log measurement) of timber were sent to the mill; one cottage was rebuilt and six hutments erected for workers. At the end of March approximately 1,125 acres were in surface-sown grass. The programme to be carried out next season will embrace the cutting of 500 acres of tea-tree, the grubbing of rushes, draining, fencing, the top-dressing of the grassed areas, and the installation of several dams to conserve the water-supply. Stock on the property comprises 48 working-bullocks and 186 run cattle. Panguru. This farm contains an area of 302 acres. There is little to report on this place as development is completed, except to mention that, when roading access is provided to the back of the farm, two settlers will be established. Pokapu. Located near Otiria, this property of 770 acres was described in former parliamentary reports as the Motatau Farm. This area is mainly in grass, but the back portion of the block contains a large swamp of some 250 acres, and some creek straightening has been undertaken on the property. During the past three months six men have been employed on clearing standing bush and tea-tree and digging cuts across the bends on the main stream to facilitate the dispersal of rising flood-waters from the swamp and to provide rough grazing during dry seasons. Top-dressing of the pastures was carried out, while approximately 20 tons of hay were saved for winter feed. The spring months were unfavourable for the stock, but there has been a surplus of feed during the latter part of the season. As at the 31st March, 1939, the live-stock on the property consisted of 70 cows, 36 other dairy stock, 93 run cattle, 248 breeding-ewes, and 112 dry sheep. Pouto. Although 9,000 acres have been gazetted under this scheme, which is situated in an isolated locality at the entrance to the Kaipara Harbour, active development is confined to an area of 2,300 acres which has been ring-fenced and partly subdivided. Commendable interest and helpful assistance was rendered to the Native workmen by the neighbouring European farmers, and the action of one of these settlers in donating a cup to be competed for by the Natives, who have been installed in up-to-date cottages, is laudable. The purpose of the competition is to encourage a domestic pride in the gardening and household activities of the Native families. An award will be made in the ensuing year. An area of 500 acres is fully developed as a grazing proposition, and it was necessary this year to appoint an experienced stockman. In addition, a number of unemployed Natives from the Pupuke district was engaged to facilitate the work. The 350 acre swamp is coming into production rapidly, and when fully grassed this area will be invaluable for supporting the higher and drier country. In common with other parts of the North, climatic conditions have been severe particularly on the coastal land, but, nevertheless, the stock has come through fairly well. Particulars as to the work undertaken, the people supported, and other details are given in the appended tables. The live-stock carried comprised 175 run cattle, 485 breeding-owes, and 597 dry sheep. Ruataniwha. Comprising an area of 227 acres, this block, which is situated about seven miles from Kaikohe, was taken over from the State Advances Corporation in the early part of the year. The country is flat to undulating, and is covered with a volcanic rock. A new boundary fence of 224 chains has been erected this year, while 80 chains of fences have been repaired. Twenty-four men are at present engaged in clearing the scoria and erecting subdivisional stone walls. Two heavy harrows made of railway girders have given good service in loosening stones and in the crushing of the fern and blackberry. The question of installing an efficient water-supply on the property will be given early consideration. This area, amalgamated with the adjoining Native holdings, will later be subdivided into workable holdings. The stock comprises thirty-six bullocks.

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Tautoro Bush. Comprising 1,607 acres, this farm is situated about ten miles from Kaikohe on the KaikohePipiwai Road. The country is more suited for grazing than closer settlement, being sparsely watered and liable to revert to second growth if not carefully stocked. Climate conditions were severe, and pastures suffered from the exceptionally dry season. The spring months were dry, and from December to March there was almost a complete absence of rain. There is an extensive area of country to be logged and burnt at Tautoro, and full advantage was taken of the season in facilitating this work. Losses from facial eczema were heavy and lambing percentages were low. An average of eighteen men was employed during the year. The stock carried comprised 439 run cattle, 985 breeding-ewes, and 1,238 dry sheep. Waima. Under this project are the properties known as Waima Bush, Waima South G 2, and Wharerimu, which are situated on the main Kaikohe--Rawene highway equidistant about fourteen miles from Kaikohe and the nearest port —Rawene. In all, the total area is just on 2,000 acres, which is being worked in a face as one block preparatory to closer settlement. The development of the Waima South G 2 and Wharerimu Blocks is progressing satisfactorily, 400 acres having been cleared and burnt prior to being sown. Fencing and draining requirements are being concentrated on, and there is much work remaining to be done. The programme for the ensuing year will comprise 370 chains of boundary and subdivisional fencing, a further 80 chains of main drains and 150 chains of small drains, the clearing of a further 150 acres, and the cultivation of 100 acres for grass. Up to the present no stock has been grazed, but it is anticipated that the natural increase of stock from the Waima Bush property will supply all the requirements when the pastures are ready. The 150 acres of flats will ultimately provide good fattening country for cattle, while the easy lying hills will be ideal for sheep. Forty men have been given employment in the development work in the latter months of the year. On the Waima Bush property an area of 550 acres which had been logged was burnt off, sown, and top-dressed. During the year, which has been a dry one, drains have been dug and the rushes cleared along the flat fronting the main road, and this portion of the farm is now clean and in good order. This flat has a hard clay subsoil, and the new drains should prove invaluable in combating the growth of the rushes and moss, which have been fairly prevalent in the past. Second-growth teatree has been cleared, and further logging up was undertaken on the original burn, which was a poor one, Nine men have been given continuous employment over the year. Following the dry period in the autumn of 1938 there was a slight outbreak of facial eczema, and stock losses were high. The live-stock wintered well, and the wool-clip was satisfactory. The stock tally at 31st March, 1939, was 458 run cattle and 2,394 sheep. A number of settlers' properties adjoining the Bush farm have been neglected, and the Department has taken them over and is working them in with the main block. The properties concerned are being fenced, logged, cleaned, and burnt, and as soon as the pasture is restored they will be stocked with sheep. Two new houses have been built, a new wool-shed erected, a sheep-dip completed, and shearingmachines installed. Waiomio. Situated, about two miles from the Kawakawa Post-office and Railway-station, this block contains an area of 1,826 acres. The laud varies considerably, containing good raupo swamp, a portion of limestone country, and a large area of good to poor gum land, but it is well watered. At the present time two Native farmers are milking on the block, but they will dispose of their herds this season. Active developmental work has only just recently started. A Native contractor commenced ploughing in the standing tea-tree, but this work had to be discontinued owing to the dry conditions existing. There is no resident foreman stationed on the property as yet. Two men employed on standard rates of payment have attended to the repairing of fences and the removal of the big stumps on previously cleared areas. A four-roomed cottage was erected. The block is not yet stocked.

STATISTICAL DATA ON TOKERAU SCHEMES (SCHEME, UNIT, AND BASE FARM).

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3—G. 10.

I I ! | Particulars. Bay of Islands. Hokianga. Kaipara. Mangonui. j Manukau. Mohinui. Ngataki. Okaroro. Opapaki. Oturei. I I I i 1. Date first gazetted or acquired .. .. .. Date June, 1930. June, 1930. June, 1930. June, 1930. Sept., 1933. July, 1938. Pending. Mar., 1938. Dec., 1937. Nov., 1938. 2. Number of schemes .. .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. 3. Area gazetted to date .. .. .. .. .. Acres 177.630 98,204 26,137 127,256 830 773 2.700 1.760 885 1.803 Area developed to date .. .. .. .. Acres 27,363 20.617 6.746 16,333 570 400 200 640 100 100 Area occupied by settlers (estimated) .. .. .. Acres 34,160 39.750 18.250 28,125 Area suitable for further development (estimated).. .. Acres 68.320 68.169 20! 152 46.187 130 250 1,800 1,020 650 600 4. Number of settlers in occupation .. .. .. Number 240 269 68 243 Additional labourers, including E.P. workers .. .. Number .. .. .. . . .. .. Dependants (wives, children, old people) .. .. Number Total dependants .. .. .. Number 5. Live-stock tallies — Cows milked during season .. .. .. .. Number 3,594 4.112 1,055 3,156 Other dairy stock .. .. .. .. .. Number 2,948 2,427 473 1,511 .. 5 Run cattle .. .. .. .. .. Number 347 235 59 70 206 43 .. 395 122 Ewes: Breeding .. .. .. .. .. Number 695 550 675 147 .. 246 .. 556 260 Sheep: Dry .. .. .. .. .. Number .. .. 205 291 . . 663 214 Horses and bullocks: Working .. .. .. Number 305 263 75 186 27 1 12 1 17 6. Receipts — Butterfat —- Poundage (estimated) .. .. .. ..lb. 420,480 608,880 137,856 420,400 Total cash proceeds (estimated) .. .. .. £ 26,294 38,055 8.616 26,275 Department's proportion .. .. .. .. £ 8,768 12.685 2.872 11,216 Wool — Bales .. .. .. .. .. .. Number 24 11 .. .. .. 7 .. 20 9 Total net value .. .. .. .. .. £ 283 127 .. .. .. 74 .. 287 75 Department's proportion .. .. .. .. £ 283 127 .. .. .. 74 .. 287 75 Live-stock sales .. .. .. .. .. £ 1,013 1,019 238 231 125 65 74 169 7 Crops and sundries.. .. .. .. .. £ 110 229 10 173 97 .. 4 Bulk sundries .. .. .. .. £ Total cash to Department .. .. £ 10,174 14,060 3,120 11,620 222 139 78 456 82 7. Year's activities (schemes only) — Bush felling and clearing v .. .. .. .. Acres 2,145 3,893 501 2,256 100 131 340 640 400 100 Fencing — New .. .. .. .. .. .. Chains 3,104 3,595 602 2,710 300 161 535 140 67 120 Repairs.. .. .. .. .. .. Chains 689 1.665 168 1,508 180 24 .. 80 90 200 Draining — New .. .. .. .. .. .. Chains 1,977 1,295 547 2,535 50 .. 450 85 57 Repairs.. .. .. .. .. .. Chains 886 356 104 1,556 .. .. 385 19 110 Grassing and cultivation .. .. .. .. Acres 691 1,151 450 822 100 40 200 640 100 100 Roading: New .. .. .. .. .. Chains 418 307 .. 1,029 100 2 34 Water-supplies installed: New .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Cottages erected — New .. .. .. .. .. .. Number 40 31 13 11 M B MB B K To date .. .. .. .. .. Number 65 96 29 57 M B MB B K Cow-sheds erected — New .. .. .. .. .. .. Number 45 49 6 34 MB MB BK To date .. .. .. .. .. Number 103 132 17 79 M B M B B K Implement and manure sheds .. .. .. Number 1 .. .. .. .. B 1 .. 1 1 Wool-sheds .. .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. 1 Workmen's hutments .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. . 6 4 . * 1 B, H, K, or M means that figures are included in main district schemes —Bay of Islands, Hokianga, Kaipara, or Mangonui.

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STATISTICAL DATA ON TOKERAU SCHEMES (SCHEME, UNIT, AND BASE FARM)-continued.

Particulars. Otuni. Ounuwhao. Panguru. j Pokapu. Pouto. Buataniwha. Tautoro Bush. Waima Farm. | Waiomio. Totals. 1. Date first gazetted or acquired Date | Feb., 1939 July, 1937. April, 1933. Jan., 1931. June, 1930. Jan., 1938. Feb., 1932. June, 1930. Oct., 1938. 2. Number of schemes .. •• •• •• •• •• 0*971 770 9,000 227 1,607 2,000 1 >826 456,650 3. Area gazetted to date Acrj 569 2 371 302 /* lj200 1>500 260 80,299 Area developed to date .. •• •• •• .. , izu,zoo Area occupied by settlers (estimated) .. • • •• Acres • - •• •• "joo 5,000 212 300 200 1,096 215,561 Area suitable for further development (estimated) .. .. Acres o00 875 _ uu ' .. .. .. .. 820 4. Number of settlers in occupation .. •• •• Number *" *" .. .. .. .. •• 1,116 Additional labourers, including E.P. workers .. .. Number . • • • • • • • * * .... 7,712 Denendants (wives, children, old people) .. •• Number .. •• •• i — .. .. .. .. 9,648 Total dependants .. •• •• Number •• •• •• U U 1 —— 1 Q25 5. Number of E.P. workers included above .. .. Number 6 Number of E.P. workers engaged exclusively on private _ .. .. .. 245 Native lands .. .. •• •• •• Number 7. Live-stock tallies — 70 .. • • •• •• Cows milked during season .. .. •• •• -WuniDer .. •• •• .. .. .. •• / ,422 Other dairy stock .. .. •• •• •• " "ig« 107 93 i?5 .. 439 458 .. 2,935 Run cattle S um S er ** 248 485 .. 985 1,330 .. 6,177 Ewes: Breeding .. •• •• •• •• Number .. •• 12 _ 97 1,238 1,064 .. 4,728 Sheep: Dry Number .. •• " i44 32 36 1 .. 1,007 Horses and bullocks : Working .. .. • • Number 8. Receipts — Butterfat — 12.240 .. .. •• •• *• 1,599,8d6 Poundage (estimated) .. .. • • «>• •• *' 76 5 .. .. .. .. 100,005 Total cash proceeds (estimated) .. .. - • £ •• •• ** 511 ,. .. .. .. 36,052 Department's proportion .. .. • • .. £ Wool— XT , q 12 26 95 37 .. 250 ♦Bales .. .. •• •• *• •• .. .. 1,023 707 .. 3,056 Total net value .. .. •• •• •• * •• ' 104 150 226 .. 1,023 707 .. 3,056 Department's proportion .. .. •• • • * •• 47Q 235 32 .. 1,093 760 .. 6,405 Live-stock sales • • ' 20 .. •. •• 12 • • Crops and sundries.. .. • • • • • • * • • ' '" .. .. .. .. .. 386 Bulk sundries .. .. • • • • • • U U — £ 865 583 916 258 .. 2,116 1,479 .. 46,168 Total cash to Department .. • • ~ _ — 9. Year's activities (schemes only) — AQC . 9 220 82 410 400 20 12,537 Bush felling and clearing .. .. ■ • • • Acres .. 8W Fencing — . fi on 6 80 224 100 90 .. 12,464 New 6 ?X " 45 80 40 .. .. 4,819 Repairs chams • • 30 Draining — „ . o nQ 18 220 .. 250 80 .. 7,873 New £hams .. 309 .. IS 2 J» 3, 71 3 Repairs.. -. •• •• •• •• ams •• , 19r; " 60 .. 200 550 30 6.259 Grassing and cultivation .. .. •• •• Acres .. '}<K -• 20 .. .. 2,070 Reading: New .. Chains .. 160 .. •• 2 Water-supplies installed : New .. .. • • Cottages erected— _ xrirHBKBBHB 95 :: :: :: .'.Number; M 247 Cow-sheds erected — XT tt B K B B H B 134 :: :: :: :: "SEES! m!5BKBBHB 331 Implement and manure sheds .. . • ■ • dumber .. . • - ■ • • • • i .. 3 Wool-sheds Number ... .. ■ ■ • ■ • • • • 16 Workmen's hutments .. .. ■ ■ • • Number j • • 6 ■ ■ "" ■' " B, H. K .or M means that figures are included in main district schemes-Bay of Islands, Hokianga, Kaipara, or Mangonui. * the total number of bales includes 110 carried over from the previous season.

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TOKERAU DISTRICT. Summarized Receipts and Payments Accounts for Year ended 31st March, 1939.

Receipts. Schema Employment Promotion Subsidies. ! T t , Rp „pi n t« acnemes. Receipts, excluding | Cash Collections Sales to includfwT Net Liabilit 5' Employment Grants, Scheme Produce, other tn as at to 31st March, 1938. l1as 1938-39. 193S ~ 39 - Scheme9 ' uSSSSffiuL 31st March, 1939. ' . | £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Bay of Islands .. .. .. 36,163 16 3 33,334 4 6 22,867 19 10 10,174 0 6 4,587 17 7 107,127 18 8 58,322 16 11 Mohinui Run .. .. .. .. .. 885 13 11 138 10 11 2,692 13 4 3,716 18 2 2,621 4 5 Okaroro Farm .. .. 930 6 1 71 17 0 2,555 11 11 456 9 10 754 16 2 4,769 1 0 9,655 8 3 OpapakiFarm .. .. 0 7 6 .. 1,194 1 0 81 15 11 210 1 0 1.486 5 5 2,549 9 0 Pokapu Farm (Motatau) .. 7,019 7 4 1,259 0 0 330 1 6 917 8 8 110 15 6 9,636 13 0 7,072 17 6 Ruataniwha Farm .. .. .. .. 998 4 4 .. .. 998 4 4 1,420 11 2 Tautoro Bush .. .. 7,280 5 7 4,361 15 10 1,853 11 11 2,115 10 10 81 5 1 15,692 9 3 10,041 15 10 Waiomio Station .. .. .. .. 34 2 0 .. 83 3 11 117 5 11 473 15 3 Hokianga .. .. .. 48,159 8 4 47,567 16 5 21,995 4 1 14,060 4 9 620 14 4 132,403 7 11 80,972 12 1 Motuti Water-3upplv .. .. 5 5 0 2,316 11 6 76 10 0 .. 1,575 12 2 3,973 18 8 3,014 12 5 PanguruFarm .. .. 2,421 11 6 554 16 0 300 15 8 582 14 5 29 1 0 3,888 18 7 2,634 12 4 Waima Bush .. .. .. 8,321 12 5 3,338 9 0 2,409 11 8 1,479 5 8 109 7 6 15,658 6 3 9,029 8 5 Kaipara .. .. .. 10,069 5 9 3,716 12 2 3,908 5 9 3.119 19 11 38 10 7 20,852 14 2 13.239 6 6 Oturei .. .. .. .. .. 602 0 2 .. 137 4 2 739 4 4 1,710 19 8 Ounuwhao .. .. .. .. 1,189 18 2 5,390 12 4 864 18 0 493 6 9 7,938 15 3 5,487 18 6 Pouto .. .. .. 989 12 5 3,078 3 6 1,323 10 5 257 11 1 71 13 0 5,720 10 5 6.635 6 11 Mangonui .. .. .. 28,439 9 7 29,152 3 1 19,750 14 0 11,620 6 8 65 7 11 89,028 1 3 76,742 7 7 Manukau .. .. .. 1,054 4 8 3,588 5 3 2,572 19 0 221 17 1 1,797 5 3 9,234 11 3 5,956 10 5 Ngataki .. .. .. .. 357 5 0 4,436 16 2 77 4 0 121 3 4 4,992 8 6 3,459 19 1 Oturu .. .. .. .. .. 63 0 0 .. .. 63 0 0 2,235 5 6 Bulk stock, &c. .. .. .. 30,960 7 10 .. .. 386 0 4 152 5 11 31.498 14 1 6,133 15 6 Totals .. .. 181,815 0 3 133.886 17 5 93,549 5 8 46,553 18 7 13,732 4 6 I 469,537 6 5 309,410 13 3

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TOKERAU DISTRICT— continued. Summarized Receipts and Payments Accounts for Year ended 31st March, 1939— continued.

Payments. SChemeS ' E ttTto PlnS CashExpenditoe, S'SS I TK' March, 1938. 1938 " 39 ' Schemes. 1938 " 39 - | 31st March, 1939. £ s. d. £ S. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. f s. d. Bav of Islands 104,958 4 4 54,986 15 10 3,068 2 7 2,437 12 10 165,450 15 7 . ■■ 2.213 0 7 4,067 14 5 57 7 7 6,338 2 7 Okaroro Farm .. .. 8,775 7 7 4,952 2 6 230 10 1 466 9 1 14,424 9 3 Opapaki Farm " 1,381 18 2 2,267 15 1 280 16 10 105 4 4 4,035 14 5 Pokapu Farm (Motatau) 15,429 9 6 843 10 7 55 16 3 380 14 2 16,709 10 6 RuataniwhaFarm 1,623 6 1 743 6 9 52 2 8 2,418 15 6 TautoroBush .. . . . ■ 18,652 5 10 6,564 7 8 61 3 9 4o6 / 10 25,/34 o 1 Waiomio Station ! o 84 14 4 499 14 10 6 12 0 591 1 2 Hnkianra •• 149,007 6 9 59.034 10 1 1,6/1 1/ 3 3,662 oil 213,3/6 0 0 Motuti Water-supply .. .J 6 387 0 11 442 17 9 .. 158 12 5 6,988 11 1 Pantruru Farm " 4 618 9 8 1,226 0 2 564 12 0 114 9 1 6,523 10 11 Wa"maBush .. .. 6 2 6.688 0 9 41 17 4 399 10 5 24,687 14 8 Kaipara • 24.219 6 6 9,140 5 11 27 0 2 70o 8 1 34,092 0 8 OWi .. •• 2,234 19 2 194 16 0 20 8 10 2,450 4 0 Ounuwhao ■■ 3,988 9 6 9,153 17 7 62 11 6 221 15 2 13,426 13 9 Pouto " 8'677 6 11 3,188 10 2 189 1 1 300 19 2 12,355 17 4 Mangonui 87,458 13 2 57,321 9 0 17,801 11 1 3,188 15 7 165,770 8 10 Manukau •• 9,267 17 1 5,640 0 4 .. -83 4 3 15,191 1 8 Nffataki " " .. .. 822 4 6 7,452 19 7 72 1 6 105 2 0 8,452 7 7 .. 2,277 11 11 .. 20 13 7 2,298 5 6 Bulk stock, &c | 33,700 13 2 3,825 13 2 91 (i 9 11 6 37 ' 632 0 7 Totals .. .. : 494,902 19 9 241,162 8 3 | 29,727 0 2 j 13,155 11 6 778,947 19 8

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WAIK ATO-M ANIAPOTO MAORI LAND DISTRICT. This district, stretching south of Auckland from the Tamaki Isthmus to Taumarunui, encompasses roughly the whole of the Waikato district, the Coromandel and Hauraki areas, and the King-country. During the year the Waikato-Maniapoto development areas, on which settlers have been established over a period of years, were reclassified and grouped under three blanket or covering schemes, viz.— (1) Waikato unit schemes, comprising areas from the City of Auckland southwards to the Puniu River and Pirongia, with a determined boundary on the east. (2) Hauraki unit scheme, which includes the areas east of the Waikato scheme, principally the districts at Thames, Coromandel, and Te Aroha. (3) Maniapoto unit scheme, embracing the King-country district. Each comprehensive scheme district is further subdivided geographically into lettered series, due regard being paid to such aspects as tribal boundaries, access, block areas, and existing development schemes, and each series becomes more or less a concise locality retaining, where possible, the old scheme designations or known under a local name. Thus many of the old familiar names of unit or settler schemes recorded in previous reports will disappear or become absorbed in the new classification, but reference to these schemes will be made later in this statement to preserve continuity. Land development schemes on which Native farmers have not yet been established, or unsettled portions of other schemes, are not affected by this change, which is confined to areas definitely occupied by approved settlers, who are usually referred to as units. The general effect of this reorganization is systematization of the work in all branches. The settlers or units in any particular locality are recorded together, their accounts are similarly classified, and the improved geographical classification will facilitate administration and supervision. Furthermore, the system is elastic and capable of indefinite expansion, and as new settlers are established they will be placed in their appropriate group. There are in the South Auckland district 53,845 acres gazetted as being subject to development legislation. To date 24,736 acres have been developed under the tegis of the Department, while a further 18,346 acres are estimated to be suitable for profitable cultivation and settlement. There is ample scope for further land development works in this district for some years to come. At the present time active farming is being pursued by 182 controlled occupiers, representing an increase of 47 settlers on last year's figures. The general weather conditions throughout South Auckland during the past twelve months have been unsatisfactory, and very dry conditions were experienced during February and March. Owing to the prolonged period without rain, a small decline in butterfat production per cow has been recorded, and this drop is perhaps more serious in the Waikato area, where herds were affected with facial eczema during the previous season. Despite this, however, the district produced 448,410 lb. of butterfat during the season, which represents an increase of 86,799 lb. over last year's figures. Crops for winter feed have suffered, but the dry spell has, however, proved beneficial for burning-off operations and grassing some large areas, and the new pasture will materially increase next year's carrying-capacity on a number of holdings. Efforts have been made to bring as many milking-sheds as possible up to the standard required by the Department of Agriculture. With extra supervision available it has been possible to give much needed personal instruction to many farmers in the care and management of dairy stock. Settlers have responded to the efforts of the supervisors, and appear to realize more and more that success in dairy-farming can only be achieved by concentrating on cleanliness in and around the milking-shed, regularity in milking and feeding, and the careful handling of their herds. Particular care has also been taken to instruct the settlers in rearing their own heifer calves. In the past, stock replacements have represented a large item, but the settlers, on the whole, are beginning to realize that this unprofitable expenditure can be obviated by rearing their own female dairy stock. In the Maniapoto district approximately 5,000 acres were cleared of bush, scrub, and second growth, while almost 3,000 acres were put down in grass and other cultivations during the year. The importance of this work has been reflected in increased wool returns, the production for the year being 382 bales, representing an increase of 176 bales on last season's clip. Tiie unqualified success of experiments in treating pastures with cobalt and superphosphate will give a great impetus to the use of this class of fertilizer on areas affected by bush sickness and where it is found that stock suffer from malnutrition. The provision of shelter trees on farms is of paramount importance and is receiving considerable attention. On scheme lauds during the year nearly 250,000 trees have been planted, including 87,000 barberry plants for hedges. Two nominations were received for the Ahuwhenua Trophy competition, and although the entrants were not successful in winning the cup one of the competitors was awarded fourth place, and the judge commented very favourably on their endeavours. Grants from the Employment Promotion Fund were utilized in subsidizing capital labour costs. The extent of the work carried out by this means may be appreciated from the tables included in this report, and it is believed that full value has been obtained for the money expended. A problem of the supervisors has been the inability to obtain, at a reasonable cost, a sufficient quantity of fencing-posts to keep pace with development. To relieve the shortage, concrete posts have been successfully manufactured in four localities at a reasonable cost. Future supplies of fencingmaterial are now assured, as the Department has secured cutting rights over an area of red birch from which it is estimated 200,000 posts can be extracted. Accommodation for workmen has been erected on the property, and as soon as the necessary tram-line has been laid it is intended to employ twelve splitters to cope with requirements.

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Considerable progress lias been made in the housing of families on settled development schemes. Forty-three new cottages were erected during the period under review, while extensive repairs and alterations were effected to another ten houses. In addition, twenty-five houses are m the course of erection. The housing programme under the development schemes, together with similar activities under the Native Housing Act, are steadily improving the circumstances of the Maori, and as a consequence the health and social conditions of the people will benefit. _ , The Waikato tribes suffered a severe personal loss during the year by the death ot .Lumate Mahuta, a leading chief of the Ngati-Mahuta, and an uncle of the Maori " king." Tumate, who was an assisted settler, displayed a keen practical interest in the land development schemes, and wielded a beneficial influence over his people. His death is greatly lamented. Much of the development work to which reference is made is covered in more detail in the following narratives and tables. The aim throughout has been to train the Maori in scientific methods of agriculture and to establish him in his natural environment as a son of the soil. With the co-operation of the people it is hoped that enduring results will obtain m better and cleaner pastures, higher-quality live-stock, improved water-supply, modern housing, and better ,ivmg-conditions. Hauraki. This comprehensive scheme includes individual properties formerly embraced in the Harataunga scheme in the Coromandel district, part of the old Onewhero scheme in the Mangatangi area, and also all other settlers' properties in the area described in the general district report. Ihe total area is 6 391 acres of which 2,430 acres are in grass, while the number of farming settlers is now thirty-nine, as compared with twenty-six as at the 31st March, 1938. It is of interest to note that the total number of milking-cows carried has increased from 335 to 686 and other dairy stock from 77 to 302, this large increase in the latter class being mainly accounted for by the fact that the farmers are learning to rear heifer calves in accordance with their requirements. The scheme is also carrying 600 sheep, and 59 working-horses are used. The settlers are a very fine type of Native, and practically without exception are making excellent farmers. The development of their holdings has been accelerated iy the use of unemployed Native labour, and large areas have been sown down in grass, lhe value derived from this work is already being reflected in increased returns. . t , Unfortunately, the 1938-39 dairy season has been a very poor one from a production point ot view. The dry spell in the spring seriously retarded growth, and the absence of rain this autumn will not only reduce production, but will result in a serious shortage of winter feed. In many cases, however, it has been possible to provide reserves of supplementary winter feed. It is to be placed on record that one of the Mangatangi settlers was awarded the silver cup which is donated by the Franklin Co-operative Dairy Co., Ltd., to the Native supplying the highest percentage of superfine cream. . , , , . The provision of well-built, comfortable homes has resulted in a much higher standard of living among the Natives, and it is noticed that the new dwellings are being suitably furnished and are kept much cleaner than was the case with the old ones. Good milking-slieds have also been provided, anc the people are keeping these in excellent condition. Waikato. The Waikato comprehensive scheme embraces all the settlers' properties mentioned in previous papers under the following captions : — (1) Hauraki (that portion localized in the Hoe-o-tamui district). (2) Kaihau and Waipipi (areas at Waiuku). _ (3) Onewhero (covering development in the Onewhero and Opuatea districts). (4) Waahi (located at Huntly and Rotowaro). (5) Waikato (comprising the original " blanket " schemes scattered throughout b-ordonton, Huntly, Tauhei, Parawera, Rangiriri, and Whatawhata districts). The total area gazetted under Waikato is 6,553 acres, of which 3,362 acres have been developed and are occupied by sixty-two dairy-farmers, representing an increase of fifteen over last year s figures. The live-stock tally as at 31st March, 1939, was as follows : 1,155 cows, 491 other dairy stock, 68 run cattle, and 98 working-horses. A brief reference to conditions relating to the mam localities is as follows Waiuku Area. —Three new properties were gazetted, but the tenure of the farms m the old Jiaihau and Waipipi schemes has not yet been established. Very difficult farming-conditions were experienced during the year, and losses of dairy cattle from facial eczema were fairly heavy and necessitated considerable replacements. Settlers are co-operating with the Department m the rearing of suitable heifer calves The weather conditions in the early part of the season were anything but favourable, and the cold, wet conditions retarded growth. Later a drought was experienced, but late autumn rains should relieve the position. Housing improvements were effected by either repairing the old dwellings or erecting new ones and on nearly ail properties cow-sheds have been brought up to the requirements of the Department ° f Area.—'This area embraces eleven properties, one of which was established during the year. Weather conditions have been unusually difficult, and although this part was not as severely affected by the eczema epidemic as the Waiuku district a fair number of replacements of dairy stock WIS Housing-conditions are not satisfactory, but some of the small holdings will hardly provide security for increased capital expenditure. Six cow-sheds have been erected. With the provision of extra field staff, these settlers are now responding more readily to closer supervision than formerly.

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Opuatea Arm. —Eleven holdings, including two new farms gazetted during the year, are comprised in this area. The housing-conditions here are comparatively good, but the water-supply has given some concern, and it is intended to install systems to meet the requirements of the settlers. Waahi-Huntly Area. —In this area are grouped eight properties. In general with other districts in the Waikato, the facial-eczema epidemic and the unusual climatic conditions have taken their toll on the dairy stock. In spite of this, however, the production from some farms has increased, but in one or two cases a high falling off was recorded. The main problems are housing and the provision of an adequate water-supply, and both these aspects are receiving attention. Two cottages were erected, and repairs to another were carried out. Gordonton and Tauhei Areas. —Seven settlers, including two new ones, are included in this district. Owing to adverse weather conditions and stock-diseases, production has to some small extent declined. Hay conservation has been satisfactory. Probably the most acute problems were those connected with housing and the provision of adequate water-supplies. However, the position has been improved by the erection of two cottages and the installation of three pressure pumping outfits fed from bores. The erection of two cottages and extensive repairs to two other buildings are in hand, and it is anticipated that little further expenditure of a capital nature will be necessary. \ Maniapoto. As a result of reorganization, this comprehensive scheme now includes all those settlers' properties previously recorded under the following scheme names : — (1) Kawhia. (2) Mahoenui. (3) Mangapu. (4) Ngahape. (5) Oparure. (6) Otorohanga. (7) Pio Pio. (8) Pirongia. (9) Waikato (that portion in the Parawera district). (10) Waimiha. (11) Waitomo. The area gazetted under the Maniapoto comprehensive scheme embraces 13,937 acres, and, excluding the ten share-milkers at Waimiha, a total of seventy settlers has been established to date. During the past twelve months fourteen new farmers, with an area of approximately '2,800 acres, have been included in the scheme, while applications for a further twenty-eight sections, aggregating approximately 5,000 acres, are at present under consideration. Several of the farms brought in during the year are carrying a limited number of stock, and with continued development should within the next two years become self-supporting. The Maniapoto area is supervised from Te Kuiti, and development during the past year has progressed very satisfactorily, many of the farmers now being in a position to meet farm maintenance from revenue. During the period under review nine new houses were erected and extensive repairs carried out in three cases> while a further twelve cottages are in the course of erection under the supervision of the Public Works Department. The total live-stock tally for the scheme was 910 cows, 860 other dairy stock, 654 run cattle, 7,750 breeding-ewes, 2,680 dry sheep, and 206 working-horses. The following is a brief resume of the important features concerning the larger districts in this scheme :— Kawhia District. —Most of the land gazetted in this area is now cleared and fenced. Top-dressing is necessary, and the main essential is the adequate supervision and instruction regarding stock management. Pirongia District.—Settlers in this area have been under the developmental policy for two years only. Very satisfactory progress has been made, and land which was formerly totally unimproved is now carrying stock. Dairying has, up till now, not been encouraged owing to the prevalence of ragwort, but within the next twelve months it will be possible to establish milking-herds. A Crawler Cletrac tractor has been working on the Waiwhakaata Block, and with a set of Giant Evona discs is giving satisfactory and speedy results. It has been definitely established that rolling this light country is essential to obtain a good sole of grass in the first season. Ngahape District. —The areas in this district were formerly covered with ragwort and other noxious weeds and were overrun with rabbits. Both of these pests are now under control. The country here is all easy rolling, and future prospects are good. Waitomo District. —Located adjacent to Te Kuiti, most of the farms occupied by settlers in this district are small and had, previous to development, been abandoned through the invasion of ragwort. Pio Pio District. —A new swing bridge has recently been erected over the Mokau River. This will give a much-needed access to properties, and will also open up further Native land for development. Aramiro. This scheme is situated about twenty-five miles from Hamilton on the Waitetuna Valley Road, and comprises a total area of 5,208 acres, gazetted in November, 1937. During the year nine cottages six huts, and a store-shed were erected, a water-supply was installed, and adequate sanitation was provided for the settlement. The better living-conditions now available have been reflected in the general improved health of the community. Good progress was made last year with fencing, draining, and clearing. Approximately 70 acres have been ploughed and sown down in grass. In the course of the year an average of fifteen men was employed.

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Some 351 wethers, bought off the shears in October, have been the means of keeping down fern and noxious weeds, and, of these, 279 fats were disposed of. In order to cope with the late spring growth, young cattle were bought, and these have assisted in cleaning up the old pasture, the tally at 31st March being 192 head. The heifers will form the nucleus of a breeding-herd next spring, and it is proposed to transfer approximately 100 of the steers to the Ranui development scheme before the winter. Five hundred and ten ewes have also been purchased for breeding. Proposed work for the coming year includes the splitting and packing of posts and battens ; the erection of fences; draining, ploughing, and cultivating for crops and grass ; the cleaning-up of blackberry and ragwort; and the building of a wool-shed and a community bathhouse. Hangatiki. Located approximately one mile from the Hangatiki Railway-station, the above block comprises an area of 556 acres. Consisting mostly of easy rolling hills, the soil is of a rather light nature, but readily responds to treatment. The property was taken over in January, 1937, from the WaikatoManiapoto District Maori Land Board, which was then mortgagee in possession. The season's activities embraced the cultivation of 120 acres, of which 90 acres have been sown in grass and the balance in swedes ; a shearing-shed and sheep pens and dip have been completed, and three huts for workmen have also been erected. The carrying-capacity has been doubled, and the stock is in good condition. Great credit is due to the resident foreman for his careful management of the stock. As at 31st March, 1939, the scheme was carrying 10 other dairy stock, 111 run cattle, 702 breeding-ewes, and 187 dry sheep. An average of three permanent hands and four labourers with twenty-four dependants were employed on the farm for the year. Te Kuiti. Embracing approximately 618 acres, this base farm is situated, four miles by good roads from the Township of Te Kuiti. The property, now practically fully developed, was taken over in 1932 from the Waikato-Maniapoto District Maori Land Board. During the year some excellent fat stock was drafted off the farm, and a set of cattle-yards was erected. It is expected that the property, which is eminently suited for sheep and cattle grazing, will ultimately be used as a base farm for breeding and supplying stock to the numerous schemes in the district. The stock carried at 31st March, 1939, comprised 187 run cattle, 704: breeding-ewes, and 646 dry sheep. Mahoenui. This scheme is located about thirty miles, by good roads, south of Te Kuiti, on both sides of the main New Plymouth highway, and comprises a compact area of approximately 5,238 acres, of which over 4,000 acres have been developed. Considerable development work has been, carried out on this scheme during the past year, particulars of which are given in the attached table, but it is not intended to bring in further new areas until such time as the portion, now in grass has been efficiently fenced, drained, and subdivided. For the coming year it is hoped to enlarge the present wool-shed and erect shearing-quarters, in order to cope with the increased carrying-capacity. Good-conditioned stock carried at present includes 6,359 sheep and 919 run cattle. The scheme supports a foreman, three permanent hands, and thirty additional labourers with ninety dependants. Mangaora (Kawhia). Comprising an area of 742 acres, of which 500 acres are under active development, this farm is situated on the shores of the Kawhia Harbour. Practically the whole area under development has now been felled, except for a portion to be retained in bush to conserve water. The farm is subdivided into twelve paddocks. Second growth has been kept under strict control except for tutsen weed, which has proved difficult to eradicate ; indeed, this weed is becoming a serious menace in the Kawhia district. The carrying-capacity has been doubled over the past twelve months, and the stock is in good condition. The recently constructed road into the block has been metalled under the supervision of the Public Works Department, and has not only facilitated subdivision, but has also made possible the sale of manuka firewood which was previously inaccessible. A. foreman's house is now completed, as well as a wool-shed, sheep-dip, and cattle-yards. The scheme supported an average of one permanent hand and fourteen labourers with twenty-three dependants. The stock tally at the 31st March, 1939, was 147 run cattle, 637 breeding-ewes, and 192 dry sheep _ Ngaliape. The Ngaliape farm contains an area of 806 acres and is situated approximately eight miles north of Otorohanga. Development commenced in earnest during the year, and with the aid of a Diesel tractor and a tandem set of bush and bog discs 300 acres have been cultivated and sown down in grass. In addition, 100 acres previously in grass and on which ragwort was a menace have been ploughed and regrassed and a good take obtained, but the continued dry weather experienced tended to retard

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growth ; 30 acres were also put down in swedes. This country is light and friable, but responds well to top-dressing. Suitable access through European property to the Great South Road was arranged by way of exchange. The distance to be metalled is approximately 23 chains. Eight huts were erected for the workmen, and the foreman's house was completed. The property at present supports a foreman and fifteen labourers with eighteen dependants. (Pirongia: Kopua). Situated near Pirongia on the main Te Awamutu-Kawhia highway, the Kopua farm, comprising an area of 371 acres, was acquired from the Native Trustee in 1937. An area of 270 acres has been grassed to date and 30 acres sown in swedes. The balance of the main block, containing approximately 35 acres, situated on the western side of the Moakurarua Creek, will be cleared up as far as possible, and trees planted on the steeper slopes. The Public Works Department has in hand the construction of a bridge across the Mangati Stream to give better access to the farm. Some internal fencing has been constructed, mainly with concrete posts manufactured on the property. The country was heavily rolled prior to sowing, and resulted in a particularly strong growth of rye and clover in the first season. The farm supports one permanent hand (foreman) and seven labourers with fifteen dependants. The live-stock carried numbered 74 run cattle and 415 sheep. Ranui. • This is a new scheme comprising 3,769 acres between Te Uku and Ohautira, about twenty-five miles from Hamilton, and is a part of the old Ranui station which, under European management, was well known in the Raglan district many years ago. In recent times the block has been grazed under temporary leases and the land has deteriorated. Although the area was not formally proclaimed as under development until July, 1938, a considerable amount of preliminary work has been carried out. A new site for homestead buildings was chosen, and a roadway 35 chains long was formed to give access thereto, the metalling of this roadway being now in progress. Eour huts have been erected for housing workmen, and the Public Works Department has plans now in hand to erect a foreman's dwelling and also a wool-shed. The programme of work on Ranui aims at overhauling all existing fences, subdividing the larger paddocks, the provision of holding paddocks around the homestead, and the building of sheep and cattle yards and also a sheep-dip. An average of five men per month has been employed since the work was commenced. The Ranui scheme differs from most other development areas in that approximately 1,000 acres were already in rough pasture and some stock could be carried from the start. At the 31st March, 1939, 1,004 ewes and 76 heifers were on the property. For the present it is the intention to c»rry sheep and cattle and farm under station management. T unaeke. Comprising an area of 406 acres, this scheme is situated about three miles from Whatawhata, and is near the main Frankton-Raglan Road. Development work on the scheme was undertaken some eighteen months ago, at which time the area was practically unimproved. Two five-roomed houses have been built on sections suitable for subdivision later, and two workman's huts have been completed. Last year approximately 170 acres were sown down in grass with fair results. Fifty-seven Jersey yearling heifers were purchased, and these will be distributed to settlers later. Sheep were bought as required, and the area is now carrying 439 breeding-ewes. Sixteen acres were sown in pwed.es and carrots and a good strike resulted. An additional 160 acres have been ploughed, worked down, and sown in grass since October, 1938. Four working-horses were brought for use on the scheme and have proved very useful. Fencing has been pushed ahead, shelter-trees planted, drains dug, sheep-vards erected, and. a new store and implement-shed built. With the enthusiastic co-operation of the foreman and workers (who are mostly owners), good results have been obtained. The programme for the coming year will include boundary and subdivisional fencing, further cultivation and grassing of the steeper slopes, draining, planting shelter-belts, metalling, building a store-shed, gates, and bridges, and the top-dressing and harrowing of existing pastures. This will practically complete the capital expenditure until such time as the subdivision and establishment of settlers eventuates. During the period April to July, 1938, an average of twelve men were employed, since when the number has been reduced to six. Te Uriwha Reserve (Hauraki). This reserve comprises two separate areas of Native land, totalling 486 acres and 293 acres respectively, but only the former block, situated approximately four miles from Waihi on the Whangamata-Waihi Road, is suitable for farming. Good progress was made during the past twelve months in working down and grassing 167 acres, and felling, burning off, and grassing an additional 92 acres. In addition, extensive stumping and clearing operations preparatory to ploughing have been carried out, and some 1,200 first-class puriri posts and 30 strainers were split. The most urgent requirement at the present time is fencing, and it is proposed to immediately proceed with the erection of some 400 chains. The average number of men for the past twelve months employed on this scheme, including the foreman, wa.s ten, who support thirty-five dependants. A permanent cottage has been erected for

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the foreman, and the workmen's accommodation consists of six collapsible huts and a number of tents. The scheme is at present unstocked, but it will be necessary to purchase a number of stock during the coming spring' for pasture control. It is anticipated that practically the whole of the 486 acres will have been grassed by March, 1940, when the area will be subdivided into possibly foui farms for settlement by Natives. Waikaretu. Comprising 977 acres, this scheme is situated about twenty-six miles from Rangiriri via Glen Murray. Although the district is somewhat isolated and the land is badly infested with blackberry and ragwort, there are no insuperable difficulties in the way of successful development. A beginninghas been made with clearing, splitting fencing-timber, &c., thus providing useful work for the local unemployed Natives. An area of 38 acres has been cleared and ploughed, and a further 20 acres felled and burnt in preparation for stumping and ploughing. Housing improvements were urgent, and six huts and a store-shed have already been erected. Since the inception of the scheme an average of six men has been employed. Operations over the next twelve months will include ploughing, draining, and fencing. Waimiha. Situated one mile and a half from the Waimiha Railway-station on the Main Trunk line, about forty miles south of Te Kuiti, and on the outskirts of the region affected by the Taupo pumice showers, this scheme comprises a total area of 7,494 acres of which almost 3,000 acres are under development. The eleven dairying settlers have shown some improvement in farm.husbandry, and with further tuition which is now available to them in the management and culling of stock a still more satisfactory butterfat return should be obtained. In spite of the dry season experienced in the district the pastures on this scheme have been well maintained. In conjunction with the Department of Agriculture a most successful and convincing experiment in the matter of combating bush sickness on what is known as sheep-sick country was carried out on this scheme during the year. Two paddocks were used for the experiment, the first—the control area of 5 acres—being top-dressed with 2 cwt. of straight superphosphate per acre, and the second—of 10 acres —being top-dressed with 2 cwt. of cobaltized superphosphate (containing 14 oz. of cobalt sulphate per hundredweight) per acre. The ewes were drafted, into the paddocks early in February, 1938. The ewes on the cobalt area showed marked improvement, and the lambs from these proved, by monthly inspections and weighings, to be some of the heaviest and finest lambs reared in the Kingcountry this season. The ewes on the control area, however, made little or no improvement during the period, and no lambs survived the experiment, the majority having died between early January and the end of February, 1939. It was also noticed that cattle running on the cobaltized pasture gained weight more quickly than those on ordinary pasture. As far as the pastures were concerned, the increased cobalt content subsequent upon the application of the cobaltized top-dressing on Bth February, 1938, was very noticeable, while nearly a year later the cobalt content was more than twice that of the control paddock and was still at a good healthy level. The following indicates the astounding difference in the control and cobalt areas : — Control Cobalt Ewes. Ewes, lb. lb. Average gain .. .. .. . • • ■ 60 Wool clipped .. .. .. •• •• . . 9| 12 Average weight at birth .. .. .. . • 10 11-1 Gain in weight (January) .. .. .. .. ..34 76| The details of the average weights of the experimental ewes and lambs throughout the experiment, together with the cobalt content of the pastures, are given in the following table

Development and subdivision work on Waimiha has been pushed on during the year, and the area brought in is now carrying its full quota of stock. The farm supports a foreman, 11 settlers, and 32 additional labourers with 105 dependants. The live-stock tally as at 31st March, 1939, was as follows ; 290 cows, 155 other dairy stock, 135 run cattle, 1,617 breeding-ewes and 110 dry sheep,

Average 19/2/38 21/3/38 28/4/38 23/5/38 20/6/38 2G/7/38 29/10/38 10/12/38 23/1/39 27/2/39 > Wool G/12/38. lb. Average weight in pounds, 10 ewes, 87 102 107 110 110 106 118 106 96 92 9-7 control paddock Average weight in pounds, twenty 88 104 108 114 117 122 137 131 138 141 12-0 ewes, cobalt paddoek Average weight in pounds, five con- .. .. .. . . .. .. 20 36 34 * trol lambs born September to November Average weight in pounds, eighteen .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 56 77 82 cobalt lambs born August to November 4/2/38 Parts per million cobalt in dry matter 0-08 .. 0-08 .. 0-12 .. .. 0-04 0-06 control pasture Parts per million cobalt in dry matter 0-06 1-03 0-96 .. 0-70 .. .. 0 10 0-14 cobalt pasture * All dead.

STATISTICAL DATA ON WAIKATO MANIAPOTO SCHEMES (SCHEME, UNIT, AND BASE FARM).

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Particulars. Aramiro. HangatiM. Hauraki. Kopua. Te Kuiti. Mahoenui. Mangaora. Ngahape. | Ranui. Tunaeke. j Uriwha. j i Waikato. j Waimiha. Totals. . 1. Date first gazetted or acquired .. .. .. Date Nov., 1937 Jan., 1937 May, 1937 June, 1937 June, 1932 April, 1930 Mar., 1931 Mar., 1931 Feb., 1937 July, 1938 July, 1937 Sept., 1937; June, 1937 Feb., 1930 Mar., 1930 2. Number of schemes .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .... .. .. 15 3. Area gazetted to date .. - .. .. Acres 5,208 556 6,391 371 618 5,238 742 13,937 806 3,769 406 779 . 977 6,553 7,494 53,845 Area developed to date .. .. .. .. Acres 170 440 2,430 320 588 4,200 500 7,707 400 1,000 320 259 40 3,362 3,000 24,736 Area occupied by settlers .. .. .. Acres '.. .. 5,140 .. .. .. .. 13,000 .. .. .. .. .. 5,929 1,000 25,069 Area suitable for further development .. .. Acres 2.500 116 2,020 35 .. 1,000 .. 5,200 400 .. 80 35 950 1,810 4,200 18,346 4. Number of settlers .. .. .. .. Number .. .. 39 .. .. .. .. 70 .. .. .. .. .. 62 11 182 Additional labourers, including E.P. workers .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 372 Dependants (wives, children, old people) .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,620 Total dependants .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,174 5. Number of E.P. workers included above (average per Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 414 month) 6. Number of E.P. workers engaged on private Native Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - .. .. .. .. .. 36 land (average per month) 7. Live-stock tallies — Cows milked during season .. .. .. Number .. .. 686 .. .. .. .. 910 .. .. .. .. .. 1,155 290 3,041 Other dairy stock .. .. .. .. Number 1 10 352 2 .. .. 1 860 1 .. 57 .. .. 491 155 1,930 Hun cattle .. .. .. .. .. Number 192 111 .. 74 187 919 147 654 .. 76 .. .. .. 68 135 2,563 Ewes, breeding .. .. .. .. Number 510 702 500 340 704 3.138 637 7,750 .. 1,004 429 .. .. .. 1,617 17,331 Sheep, dry .. .. .. .. .. Number 72 187 150 75 646 3,221 192 2,680 .. 26 10 .. .. .. 110 7,369 Horses, working .. .. .. .. Number 9 9 59 1 3 15 3 206 5 2 4 7 3 98 16 440 8. Receipts — Butterfat — Poundage (estimated) .. .. .. lb. .. .. 91,610 .. .. .. .. 142,300 .. .. .. .. .. 172,200 42,300 448,410 Total Cash proceeds .. .. .. £ .. .. 5,750 .. .. .. .. 8,463 .. .. .. .. .. 10,655 2,710 27,578 Department's proportion .. .. .. £ .. ,. 1,933 .. .. .. .. 3,284* .. .. .. .. .. 4,560 2,710* 12,488 Wool — tBales .. .. .. .. .. Number .. 20 2 8 30 100 25 224 .. .. 2 .... .. 45 456 Total net value .. .. .. .. £ .. 235 22 106 439 1,501 286 2,450 .. .. 18 .. .. .. 554 5,611 Department's proportion .. .. .. £ .. 235 22 106 439 1,501 286 2,341 .. .. 18 .. .. .. 554 5,502 Live-stock sales .. .. .. .. £ 259 81 282 233 1,303 1,488 65 4,070 .. .. 27 .. .. 165 4,092 12,065 Crops and sundries ........ £ 8 3 74 8 8 29 41 299 2 1 7 29 71 580 Bulk sundries .. .. .. £ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 218 Total cash to Department .. .. £ 267 319 2,311 347 1,750 3,018 392 9,995 2 .. 46 7 .. 4,754 7,427 30,635 9 ' clearing .. .. .. Acres 250 120 892 160 35 1,007 100 2,596 400 20 150 308 60 278 650 7,026 Fencing — New .. .. .. .. .. Chains 240 463 975 190 .. 324 274 394 70 32 167 .. .. 497 472 4,098 Repairs .. .. .. .. .. Chains 70 17 164 20 100 95 .. 318 .. 80 109 .. .. 756 25 1,754 Draining — New .. .. .. .. .. Chains 65 23 633 30 .. 426 .. 902 16 .. 82 48 .. 194 222 2,641 Repairs .. .. .. .. .. Chains .. 129 144 .. .. 130 .. 255 .. .. .. .. .. 85 191 934 Grassing: New .. .. .. .. Acres 70 90 423 180 30 237 55 938 300 .. 204 259 40 40 450 3,316 Other cultivations: New .. .. .. Acres .. 30 48 30 6 89 202 30 .. 16 .. .. 19 147 617 Roading: New .. .. .. .. Chains .. .. .. .. .. .. 64 50 .. 35 8 .. .. .. .. 157 Water-supply: New .. .. .. Number 1 .. 2 .. .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. 1 .. 3 .. 10 Cottages erected — New .. .. .. .. .. Number 9.. 6.. .. .. 1 9 1.. 2 1 3 5 1 38 To date .. .. .. .. .. Number 9 17 1 4 1 32 1 2 1 3 24 10 105 Cow-sheds erected — New .. .. .. .. .. Number .. .. 7 .. .. .. .. 4 .. .. .. .. .. 16 .. 27 To date .. .. .. .. .. Number .. .. 21 .. .. .. .. 27 .. .. .. .. .. 49 10 107 Implement and manure sheds — New .. .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 .. 1 .. 1 2 .. 7 To date .. .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. 1.. 1.. 6 1.. 1.. 1 7 10 28 Wool-sheds — New .. .. .. .. .. Number .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 To date .. .. .. .. .. Number .. 1 .. .. 1 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 5 Workmen's huts — New .. .. .. .. .. Number 6 3.. .. .. 1 2 10 8 4.. 6 3 1 2 46 To date .. ... .. .. .. Number 6 3.. 4.. 16 3 13 9 4 2 6 3 1 2 72 Store-sheds and stables: To date .. .. Number 1 .. .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. 4 * The following proportion of the cream-cheque was later paid to settlers : ManiapOto, £202 ; Waimiha, £880. t Includes 86 bales carried over from last season's clip, but exludes 12?oales still on hand.

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WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO DISTRICT. Summarized Receipts and Payments Accounts for Year ended 31st March, 1939.

Receipts. Employment-promotion Subsidies. Total Receipts, T,„ W Ht v Schemes. Receipts, excluding Cash Collections, Sales to including IS et Liability Employment Grants Scheme Produce, other EmDlovment to . , r in , ft to 31st March, 1938. Total to 1938-39 1938-39. Schemes. 31st 1939. i 31st March ' 9 ' 31st March, 1938. i 3a ' j £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Aramiro .. .. .. .. 51 8 6 2,693 1 4 266 17 0 240 10 10 3,251 1/ 8 3,825 13 8 Hangatiki .. .. 117 12 9 965 6 1 1,180 2 0 319 11 1 1,095 2 11 3,677 14 10 4,546 15 7 Hauraki .. .. .. 3,600 16 0 1,023 15 8 3,685 19 11 2,311 2 7 3 7 6 10,625 1 8 20,169 9 3 Kawhia (Mangaora) .. .. 1,797 1 7 2,904 7 0 1,329 8 5 391 5 0 2,402 4 10 8,824 6 10 4,431 0 9 TeKuiti " .. 10,923 18 8 1,242 9 7 334 5 4 1,749 19 4 607 18 5 14,858 11 4 781 11 7 Mahoenui .. .. .. 14,569 9 4 7,323 9 2 6,338 4 8 3,017 12 2 2,087 17 3 33,336 12 7 34,548 3 3 Maniapoto .. .. .. 17,196 16 2 12,140 13 7 14,823 7 8 9,995 8 2 565 7 0 54,721 12 7 66,508 1 7 Ngahape .. .. 1,167 13 0 116 0 136 14 10 1,306 3 10 2,777 19 10 Pirongia (Kopua) .. .. .. 839 9 5 1,015 15 10 346 9 4 3,274 16 0 5,476 10 7 4,861 9 2 Ranui .. .. .. 265 2 4 .. 45 6 0 310 8 4 2,165 1 5 Tunaeke .. .. .. 2 18 0 443 5 7 1,519 9 0 46 8 5 195 0 0 2,207 1 0 5,989 1 8 Uriwha .. .. .. .. 91 8 0 1,101 5 6 7 4 0 282 3 9 1,482 1 3 1,911 12 1 Waikaretu .. .. .. .. .. 640 18 4 .. 27 15 0 668 13 4 472 5 0 Waikato .. .. .. 16,045 5 11 2,298 13 4 3,572 4 3 4,754 0 0 142 10 1 26,812 13 7 34,167 9 1 Waimiha .. .. .. 20,512 4 10 4,424 10 4 3,205 8 6 7,427 7 3 685 3 10 36,254 14 9 37,137 3 0 Bulk stock, &c. .. .. .. 11,571 6 4 .. 650 4 9 217 18 6 1,194 6 3 13,633 15 10 2,531 15 1 Totals .. .. .. 96,337 9 7 33,748 16 3 43,522 10 10 30,852 18 10 12,986 4 6 217,448 0 0 226,824 12 0 i Payments. SChemeS ' Expenditure, plus Cash Expenditure, Purchases from Bulk and ! Wet Interest, T °|toIntSStto' 31s™,1938. 193 "~ 39 other Schemes. j 1938-39. siS&l. I | . | ' £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Aramiro .. .. .. .. .. 51 9 6 6,908 13 8 15 0 0 102 8 2 7,077 11 4 Hangatiki .. .. .. .. .. 3,354 10 9 4,179 3 0 508 6 10 182 9 10 8,224 10 5 Hauraki .. .. .. .. .. 15,452 0 4 14,023 15 9 472 9 8 846 5 2 30,794 10 11 Kawhia (Mangaora) .. .. .. .. 9,379 0 5 3,420 14 9 193 7 4 244 5 1 13,255 7 7 TeKuiti .. .. .. .. .. 13,761 17 10 1,314 1 1 500 11 3 63 12 9 15,640 2 11 Mahoenui .. .. .. .. .. 49,108 8 9 14,376 0 9 2,704 8 11 1,695 17 5 67,884 15 10 Maniapoto .. .. .. .. .. 69,080 7 9 43,180 5 1 5,899 11 4 3,069 10 0 121,229 14 2 Ngahape .. .. .. .. .. 230 2,980 17 7 1,026 14 9 74 8 4 4,084 3 8 Pirongia (Kopua) .. .. .. .. 5,873 9 4 3,230 13 6 969 0 5 264 16 6 10,337 19 9 Ranui .. •• 2,171 11 10 269 14 6 34 3 5 2,475 9 9 Tunaeke .. .. .. .. .. 1,326 10 4 5,948 6 2 737 8 10 183 17 4 8,196 2 8 Uriwha.. .. .. .. .. .. 395 10 5 2,933 17 1 5 0 0 j 59 5 10 3,393 13 4 Waikaretu .. .. .. .. .. 1,126 7 11 .. I 14 10 5 1,140 18 4 Waikato .. .. .. 45,349 5 9 12,986 16 1 946 13 9 1,697 7 1 60,980 2 8 Waimiha .. .. .. .. .. 59,834 6 7 10,218 16 4 1,410 16 6 1,927 18 4 73,391 17 9 Bulk stock, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 11,379 3 8 4,536 14 2 207 7 2 42 5 11 16,165 10 11 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 284,366 4 5 133,536 14 9 15,866 11 3 10,503 1 7 444,272 12 0

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WAIARIKI MAORI LAND DISTRICT. The boundary of this district, embracing the counties of Rotorua, Whakatane, Opotiki, the northern half of Taupo, the greater part of Tauranga, and a portion of the iMatamata County, extends around the Bay of Plenty from Tauranga to Cape Runaway. The localities under development are indicated on the map appended to this report, while the tribal divisions have been given in a previous report. During the year under review good progress has been made in the bringing-in of further areas of virgin country and in the maintaining and consolidating of those areas already grassed and made productive—an additional 13,860 acres having been gazetted, while details of the work performed are given in the annexed statistical tables. In the Bay of Plenty area, where dairying is the principal farming occupation (except on the higher country, where station farming cannot be replaced), much has been done in the building of new homes and cow-sheds and the provision of up-to-date farmingequipment so as to increase the dairying production, all of which amenities afford the settlers opportunities not only of bettering the conditions of their families, but also give them every facility to help in the industrial and economic life of this country. With every effort being made to increase production to the limit, and as much of the country being developed might be termed marginal land, it i§ therefore imperative that tactful supervision and co-ordination of the highest quality be maintained, and that the workmen engaged are given every facility and encouragement to produce efficient and adequate results. In the Central area, with the increasing number of sheep now run, it was found necessary this year to decentralize the shearing operations, and for this purpose new sheds were erected at Rotoiti, Taheke, and Okere, while farther afield sheds were also erected at Murupara and Tauranga-Taupo. The sheep shorn in these districts were as follow : Central area, 43,000 ; Murupara, 1,500 ; and Tokaanu and Tauranga-Taupo, 5,000. In the early part of 1938 eczema became prevalent in some of the flocks, and though the ravage was not as heavy as might have been the case, severe losses occurred at Tikitere, Tihiotonga, Tauranga, and Ngatiawa (Whakatane). This year no signs of the disease appeared, and all stock has done well. Experiments have been made with cobaltized superphosphate on the " bush sick " areas, and the results have encouraged a greater use of this top-dressing for such country. The stock depastured now holds its condition, and it is hoped that it will enable dairying to be carried on successfully. The Horolioro settlement, where development was commenced towards the close of 1929, is now a well-established farming community, and each year holds its own agricultural show and annual sports meeting, run and organized solely by the Maori community. The Horohoro School has its own small dairy herd cared for by the Maori schoolboys, while domestic science in a practical method is taught the girls. This year .Tonny Edwards, of the Waikaukau section of the Horohoro scheme, won the Ahuwhenua Cup presented by the Right Hon. Viscount Bledisloe for the best farmer working under the development schemes, while Tatai Hall, of the Putauaki scheme, was second. Herd-testing was instituted this year in the Horohoro district, and though the final results are not yet known, it has been instrumental in arousing in the farmers a greater appreciation of the importance of improving the butterfat yield by systematic culling and breeding. The early months of 1938, during which there was considerable wet weather which dislocated the delivery of cream to the factories in the Bay of Plenty district, contrasts with the very dry first four months of 1939. As a result of the lack of rain there is a great shortage of feed, necessitating the early use of a portion of the hay and ensilage stacks in order to preserve the condition of the stock. Many of the herds have been dried off before the usual time, while those kept going are producing much below what might have been reasonably expected. These conditions demonstrate the necessity both of having a proper water-supply on each farm and also of saving as much available hay and ensilage as possible. An excellent disposal of fat wethers in the middle of March was made from the Central area, and in all some nineteen thousand head were sent to the freezing-works. This necessitated a special train each day for more than a week, and probably constitutes a record in this country of a sale in a fat line from one sheepowner. Housing conditions have been thoroughly investigated, and where possible and necessary every assistance has been given in the provision of new houses or additions to existing ones. The building operations have been taken over wholly by the Public Works Department, but shortage of suitable labour has been a handicap. The stations taken over in the Bay of Plenty area have been brought under development as salvage propositions after having been abandoned by lessees. It is necessary that at least the initial expenditure be subsidized or the labour costs met from the Employment Promotion Fund if the properties are to be given a reasonable chance of paying their own way and the Natives' equities in the land are not to be overburdened. Horohoro : General. As mentioned in previous annual reports, the area along the main Atiamuri Road from Rotorua, in the Horohoro Valley, is divided into eight different schemes, and is worked as separate holdings. The spring of 1938 was a fair one and enabled milking to get into full swing sooner than the previous year. Despite the dry weather this country, after having been grassed and top-dressed, is looking much better than higher-quality land in other districts, but the stamina for milk production is not in the feed. The summer produced a prolific growth of pastures, and every effort was made to have as much hay and ensilage as possible stacked for the winter, while the settlers have also been encouraged to grow still more root crops.

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Each year reveals that the settlers in this valley are making efforts to become more proficient farmers, and their general willingness to help themselves and their initiative in trying out the most up-to-date farming methods is welcomed. It is pleasing to record that this settlement of Horohoro, which was one of the first schemes initiated in 1929, has this year produced the winner of the Ahuwhenua Cup, a trophy presented by that ardent agriculturist and admirer of the Maori race, the Right Hon. Viscount Bledisloe. The first award this year went to Mr. J. Edwards, of the Waikaukau section of the Horohoro scheme, who commenced work as a youth on this scheme in the early stages of development. During the year most of the farmers were supplied with implement-sheds, and this should now ensure more orderly attention and care to implements, many of which are for seasonal requirements. Most of the farms are now able to breed their own young stock, and, apart from the purchase of bulls, will not require further stocking. The herd-testing which was inaugurated during the year will assist in the culling of the unprofitable cows. The Horohoro Young Farmers' Club, comprising the dairy-farmers under the scheme, is still an active organization, and last winter the members made a tour of the Waikato district, where they visited model farms and farming activities in that district. The educational nature of the tour was fully realized by those in the party, and appreciation of what they saw was evidenced on their return in renewed efforts to further improve their own farms. Horohoro : Haparangi Plantation. This plantation, situated on the top and slopes of the Haparangi Mountain, comprises 833 acres. The trees are now beginning to show up well above the scrub, and in a few years time should make a great background to the farm lands at the foot of the mountain. Firebreaks and boundary fences have been given attention during the year by the nursery staff. A dry summer will always cause a certain anxiety where tree plantations are grown, and in this case, with, the scrub and fern lands adjoining, there is always the danger of a fire causing damage. Recent land-development operations in this locality have aimed at clearing and grassing well up the hillside as far as the young trees, and next year's programme should result in practically the encirclement of the plantation with grasslands. Early in March this year a small fire broke out, but the foreman and his staff did excellent work in confining the conflagration to about 15 acres, and it is hoped to have the burnt area reinstated during the coming planting season. Horohoro : Kapenga No. 1. New development has been pushed forward on this scheme of 2,020 acres, and during the year a further area of 260 acres has been cultivated and grassed, while 60 acres have been sown in turnips. The total pasture area is now 640 acres. It is proposed to plough a further 300 acres this year for grassing, and 320 acres under the Haparangi Mountain can be satisfactorily burnt and surface-sown. This will leave about 800 acres for future development per medium of the plough. The stock being carried is 145 dairy stock and 31 run cattle. The scheme supports thirty-two persons. Horohoro : Kapenga No. 2. Comprising some 400 acres, all in good pasture and ready for dairying, this scheme is located on the Rotorua-Atiamuri Road, seven miles from Rotorua. During the year proposals were made for its subdivision, but the owners, on being approached, preferred that it be stocked with run cattle for another couple of years until younger members of the family were available to take over the sections. There are 428 run cattle and 222 dry sheep on the property. Horohoro : Ngati-Tuara. This subdivision, of 2,125 acres, which derives its name from the sub-tribe of its people, is situated in the centre of the Horohoro district. The people are keen to achieve success in their farming operations and are working enthusiastically to this end. Ten of the seventeen dairy-farmers in this area have had their herds under test during the season, and the results have proved very satisfactory considering the adverse climatic conditions experienced during the dairy year. A substantial amount of hay and ensilage was harvested, but root crops have not been very successful on account of the drought. The use of cobaltized superphosphate has shown in no small measure the value of this mineralized fertilizer. The live-stock tally at 31st March, 1939, was 632 cows, 75 other dairy stock, 60 run cattle, and 60 working-horses. The scheme supports nineteen settlers, four labourers, and 101 dependants. Horohoro : Rongomaipapa. Comprising 1,209 acres, this scheme supports twelve settlers with sixty-two dependants, who are of the Ngati-Kahungunu Tribe, and came from Wairoa. They are proving efficient dairymen and good settlers generally. Nine of the twelve herds milked have been under test, and the results are most encouraging. Harvesting operations were carried out expeditiously, and the sight of haystacks dotted around this part of the settlement is most gratifying. The scheme is carrying 582 cows, 120 dairy stock, and 40 working-horses. Horohoro : Tuhourangi. As advised in previous reports, there are 625 acres of the total area of 1,019 acres occupied by five settlers. The balance of the area is now available for settlement by dairying units, but it is proposed that, for the same reason as with Kapenga No. 2 Section, dairying be delayed for two years until younger

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members of the family of the owners are available to manage holding. This latter area is now in good pasture, and the three hundred head of run cattle should further improve it and at the same time keep ragwort under control. The scheme supports thirty-one persons. A large proportion of the country farmed by the five established settlers was harvested this season, and a considerable quantity of hay was baled and disposed of to the general scheme. As root crops did not suffer the effect of the dry weather to the extent of other areas, it is anticipated that the stock will come through the winter in reasonably good order. The live-stock on hand at 31st March, in addition to the run cattle, comprised 277 cows, 19 other dairy stock, and 200 dry sheep. Horohoro : Turanganui. This scheme comprises 640 acres, of which 260 acres are in good pasture and are responding to the top-dressing and the consolidation by the run cattle. Some 30 acres were sown down in turnips during the year, and despite the lateness of the sowing and the dryness of the weather a good crop resulted. This feed, together with over 70 tons of hay that were harvested and pressed, will ensure ample winter provisions for stock. It is hoped during the coming year to bring in a further 200 acres. This country, which at present is carrying 106 beasts, is more suitable for cattle fattening than for breeding purposes in the development stages, which policy, incidentally, will tend to establish better dairying country than if it were stocked with sheep. The scheme supports twelve persons. Horohoro : Waikaukau. Of a total area of 1,193 acres in this scheme, approximately 535 acres are occupied by five settlers, and of the balance 445 acres are in grass and 100 acres were sown last year in turnips. The latter sowing was somewhat delayed, and owing to the very dry summer the result was not up to expectations. It. is intended next year to complete the grassing of the remaining 200 acres, most of which has already been ploughed. The pasture is coming in well, and with heavy stocking for a few years should provide some of the best farm land in the Horohoro Valley. Three new cottages and ten sheds were erected. There are forty-seven persons dependent on the scheme, and arrangements are in hand for the establishment of another settler during the ensuing year. The live-stock tally at 31st March, 1939, comprised 246 cows, 44 other dairy stock, 237 run cattle, and 28 working-horses. Haparapara. Located on the Opotiki - East Cape Road, this station embraces 4,101 acres. A good deal of front country (300 acres) has been cleaned up during the year, and 290 chains of new fencing were carried out. The wool-shed and shearers' quarters have been painted, and the wife of the manager, who is a very keen gardener, has quite transformed the homestead and surroundings, the garden being a picture throughout the year. The property supports eight labourers with thirty-five dependants. The wethers came out of their wool in good condition, and were transferred to other schemes, being replaced by 2-tooth wethers. At 31st March, 1939, the stock comprised 309 cattle and 2,586 dry sheep. The stocking of the property has given it a different appearance, but a good deal of work remains to be completed before it can be fully stocked. Korohe. Situated two miles from the Tongariro Bridge, on the eastern side of the Taupo-Tokaanu Road, this block contains 1,657 acres, of which 979 acres are developed, 531 acres being occupied by the three settlers, who, together with twenty-two workmen, support 110 dependants. An area of 365 acres was cleared, burnt, and sown down, and this work, together with the boundary fencing, has provided considerable employment. Some three hundred head of mixed run cattle have been running on the main area, and they have done good work in consolidating the country and keeping down the second growth. The three settlers' holdings have been stocked with sheep, and, as was the case with the Tokaanu scheme ewes, they have produced good lambs. It is proposed to clear another 120 acres of fern and, if possible, to concentrate on draining the swamp area, which should provide very valuable fattening and grazing land. There are also some five miles of fencing to be done on the present pastures and the area to be brought in during the ensuing year. Maketu. Maketu Farm. —This portion of the Maketu scheme comprises some 1,682 acres, of which 600 acres are occupied by five share-milkers, the balance being run as a bulk stock farm. The area on which the share-milkers are located consists mainly of flat and terrace country with a few sidelings, and is ideal dairy land, capable of running practically a beast to the acre. During the past year 554 dairy cows were carried, but of this number only 381 were actually in milk. The beginning of the dairy season was a good one, but the drought experienced in the late summer adversely affected production. New implement-sheds were erected on four of the farms, while one cow-shed and milking-plant were replaced by a new outfit. Approximately 6 acres of turnips were grown on each holding, and ample hay has been harvested for winter fodder. The balance of the area is mostly swampy country, but is coming in well consequent upon the extensive draining operations and the consolidation by run cattle and sheep. Eighteen workmen were given employment on drainage works, fencing, and ragwort and blackberry control. The live-stock tally at 31st March, 1939, comprised 512 cows, 305 other dairy stock, 279 run pattle, 1,575 breeding-ewes, and 4-25 run cattle,

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Te Puke. —Known also as the Rangiuru scheme, this property of 474 acres is subject to severe damage each year from flooding, but it is hoped that with the completion of the Parawhenuamea drain this danger will be obviated to a degree. Draining, stumping, and fencing have been the main operations during the year in bringing in and improving this country. Two settlers and nine workmen are supporting twenty-nine dependants. At 31st March the stock included 56 cows, 126 run cattle, and 425 sheep. Maltetu : Waewaetutuki. Development work on this scheme of 767 acres has been confined chiefly to the breaking-in and sowing-down in English grasses of 80 acres of terrace country, a good strike resulting. Further fencing and draining have also been done, while a new house was erected by the foreman himself, and one other cottage was built by the Department. The store-shed was shifted to a more convenient position, and a stable added. This country is very badly affected with ragwort, and much labour was used in spraying and cutting in an endeavour to control this menace. It is hoped that the top areas can now be held against ragwort with the aid of sheep. Store cattle is being run on the swamp portion, and, combined with the progress made with the drains, good consolidation of the land is being effected. When properly drained, this area will make very valuable farming country. Matata. Comprising 3,559 acres, this scheme, known also as Hauani, is situated on the coast between Whakatane and Te Puke. The property supports five settlers, eight workmen, and fifty dependants. Fair progress has been made in the development of the scheme area, the details of the work being given in the attached tables. A water-supply system, to serve until the proposed major scheme is completed, was installed during the year, and water is now reticulated to troughs on the front portion of the area. This, together with more adequate fencing, has improved the stocking of the pastures. The live-stock at 31st March, 1939, was 93 cows, 35 other dairy stock, and 907 sheep. Maungaroa. Situated about eight miles up the Kereru River bed from the Opotiki-East Coast Road, this station embraces 22,576 acres. Considerable work has been carried out during the year, and the property now presents a changed appearance from the position it was in when taken over by the Department in July, 1937. A number of the hill paddocks has been cleaned up of second growth, the fern burnt, and the land surface sown, while the flats have been ploughed and sown in crop or pasture. The buildings have all been painted and now have a fresh appearance. Considerable damage was done in the early part of the year by floods to fences along the river, and the cattle-yards were also washed away, the main work has comprised 300 acresof clearing and surface sowing, 50 acres of ploughing and grassing, the sowing of 50 acres in turnips, while some 3,000 posts and 10,000 battens were split and used on the 480 chains of new fencing and the repairs. Stock being carried includes 3,100 sheep and 670 cattle. The shearing was done on the Haparapara Station, the wool-clip realizing forty-six bales. The scheme supports twenty-three Natives. Ngatiawa. Located near Whakatane, this block contains 5,315 acres, and supports two settlers, fourteen workmen, and thirty-five dependants. The chief activities during the year have been concentrated on the area already developed, and the work carried out included, inter alia, I,soo'acres of top-dressing, 260 chains of new fencing with 600 chains of repairs, and the conservation of 2,500 bales of hay. The year has not been a good one from a grazing point of view, the spring being very wet ; this was followed by very cold dry winds ; and from December to March it was exceedingly dry, with the result that both water and grass were scarce. It was only by continually moving the stock that it was possible to carry them. During last autumn facial eczema was very bad and a number of deaths were recorded ; again this autumn there was a slight outbreak which was reported and investigated by officers of the Department of Agriculture. A good deal of parasitic trouble was also experienced amongst the hoggets, but with these two exceptions the stock has done well. The tally at 31st March, 1939, was 75 cows, 17 other dairy stock, 828 run cattle, 2,539 breeding-ewes, and 2,271 dry sheep. The woolclip was eighty bales. Ngatimanawa. Known also as Murupara, this scheme of 6,319 acres is situated some forty miles from Rotorua on the main Rotorua-Waikaremoana Road. Development has progressed rapidly, and much useful work has been made available for the owners in this area in re-establishing them back on their lands. A further 800 acres have been brought into pasture, making the total grassed area just on 1,500 acres, on which over one thousand sheep and five hundred head of run cattle were carried at 31st March, 1939. Good progress has also been made in providing nine new homes for the most necessitous cases, while a wool-shed, yards, and dip have been built to cope with-the increasing number of sheep that will be run in this area. The supply of water is still a problem, but consideration is being given to the installation of windmills at vantage points to meet requirements. Next year's programme will include the grassing of a further 400 acres and the sowing of 100 acres in turnips. The scheme supports forty-two settlers, thirty-five workmen, and 192 dependants,

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Okareka. This block, comprising 1,322 acres, is situated seven miles from Rotorua on the Rotorua-Okareka Road, and adjoins a lake of the same name. Although this property was brought under development only in the middle of 1937, by March, 1938, over 1,100 acres had been surface sown. Heavy stocking with wethers to cope with any second growth that might come away has kept the property in excellent condition, and with the dry spell of weather now being experienced the growth of fern has been held. Though there is little feed to be seen, the stock has kept excellent condition, and was recently nearly all sold off as fats. The tally at 31st March, 1939, was 708 dry sheep. Any late rains should greatly benefit the pastures, and next year there should be no difficulty in running a further 3,000 wethers and 200 to 250 young steers. Fifty acres of the flats are being ploughed, and will be sown down in grass. This scheme has provided fairly constant work for over twenty men up till recently, but with the main development work of grassing, scrub-cutting, and fencing now practically complete the number of men required for the next year will be reduced to three or four, including the shepherd and fencer. Okere. This scheme of 6,054 acres, lying between the Ohau Channel and the Okere Falls, to the west of the main Rotorua Whakatane Road, contains land which still proves to be high-class sheep country and produces good-fleeced quality sheep much above the average. Ample work has been found for the thirty workers available here, and during the year some 300 acres of bush were felled, 200 acres of fern and scrub cut, and this area of 500 acres sown in grass. One settler is established. This new grassed portion will make the area now in pasture just on 3,100 acres, and next year will carry at least 1,000 head of cattle, 2,500 ewes, and up to 4,500 wethers. Further provision for the stock has been made in the way of installing a shearing plant, dip, and extending the sheep-yards and erecting cattle-yards. This is another scheme where further development and the bringing-in of new areas arc recommended to provide work for the many workers available in this locality, and to do this it is proposed to fell a further 400 acres of bush and clear a further 200 acres of fern and scrub ready for grassing next autumn. Oruanui. Under license from the State Forest Service, post-splitting of the fallen timber on Crown areas near Oruanui has provided fencing-material for the Waikato, Rotorua Central, and Bay of Plenty schemes. The number of splitters engaged here was increased to thirty-five during the year by the transfer of a number of Ngapuhi Natives. In order to accelerate the production, the men were given freedom to split any quantity they were capable of handling, in lieu of being paid standard rates. The output for the year comprised 115,785 posts, 3,602 strainers, 65,298 battens, 21 bridge stringers, and 895 house blocks. Parekarangi. Containing 2,868 acres, this scheme is to be found on the northern side of the Rotorua-Atiamuri Road, six miles from Rotorua. The major portion comprises very hilly country, and, though there are three settlers already established, the contour of the balance of the property does not readily lend itself to subdivision into holdings unless they were to be handled by very experienced farmers. As the land is badly infested with ragwort, it is considered that the eradication of this noxious weed should be controlled with sheep and cattle for a few more years before dairying is commenced. There are now 780 acres in good pasture apart from the settlers' holdings of 320 acres ; and a further 400 acres were cleared, burnt, and surface sown this autumn. With top-dressing it is expected that the area now grassed should carry this year up to 1,500 wethers and 500 young steers. The stocking at the 31st March, 1939, was 111 cows, 13 other dairy stock, 706 run cattle, and 617 sheep. An adequate supply of supplementary winter feed was conserved, and the stock can be expected to come through the winter in quite good condition. Peka. This scheme is situated just south of the Hemo Gorge, some four miles from Rotorua. No further land, has been brought in on this scheme during the year, the area of which is 1,364 acres, but it is proposed to provide work here this year for the Whakarewarewa people by bringing into cultivation some 400 acres of fern and scrub country. This new area, which will join up with the Kapenga No. 1 scheme and extend along the main Taupo Road, if properly brought in and stocked with heavy stock, should make good farming country. This work will also assist in checking the present dangers of fire to the State Forest plantations on the Taupo Road. The present pastures are in good order, and during the past season well-conditioned fat wethers and bullocks were produced for the freezing industry. The project supports two settlers and seven others. The live-stock tally was 90 cows, 24 other dairy stock, 70 run cattle, and 380 dry sheep. Te Piki. Located near Cape Runaway, this scheme contains 4,245 acres, and supports twenty-five workmen with eighty-one dependants. The main programme of work carried out during the year has been to consolidate the area within the main block. The season has not been a favourable one for stock or pasture, the spring being very wet, while strong drying winds, with an exceptionally dry period from December to the end of March, were detrimental to the turnip crop and the nursery.

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The Nursery - The following trees from this nursery have been supplied to the coast area and the northern part of the Tairawhiti district: 350 macrocarpa, 350 acacia, 200 benthani, 1,675 oregon, 9,775 lawsoniana, 16,400 gums, 4,975 muricata, and 11,600 radiata. At the present time there are 137,450 trees of various kinds ready for planting next season. Potikirua. This station property, containing 3,015 acres, is situated four miles from Cape Runaway, and adjoins the Te Piki scheme. During the year the lease expired, and representations were made by the owners to the Department for it to be taken under development. Fences were at that time in bad repair, pastures were reverting to second growth, and it was considered that the land could not carry and winter more than 400 cattle and 1,500 wethers. This property is of better-class land than most of the stations on this coast, and with proper management it is estimated that there should be no difficulty in building up a carrying-capacity of 300 breeding-cows, 100 store-cattle, 200 ewes, and 1,000 dry sheep. The land was brought under the provisions of the Act in June, 1938, and was stocked with some 2,000 wethers off the shears and 300 run cattle. Work has been provided for Maoris from Te Piki on fencing, the building of new yards, and the dismantling of the old wool-shed. New buildings when re-erected will be situated on the main road, but at present the dry sheep can be shorn in adjoining sheds. Putauaki. Located near Te Teko and about fourteen miles from Whakatane, this scheme comprises 9,565 acres, of which 770 acres have been developed. Progress has been maintained during the year. The seventeen established settlers are becoming efficient farmers, and one of these, Mrs. Tatai Hall, was granted second place in this year's Ahuwhenua Trophy competition. A Cletrac tractor was purchased early in February. It is giving efficient service, and much larger areas will be sown this autumn than would otherwise have been possible. The stock at present carried, comprises 400 breeding-ewes, 241 cows, and 163 other dairy stock. The scheme supports 247 persons. Rotoiti. Containing 4,912 acres of good bush country, this scheme is situated on the shores of Lake Rotoiti. Development work has been accelerated —some 250 acres of bush were felled and 130 acres of fern and scrub cut, this area of 380 acres being grassed in the autumn and also boundary-fenced. Stock has done fairly well, but owing to a slight sickness appearing in some of the younger animals it is proposed to top-dress with cobaltized superphosphate, which has shown such good results in other " bush sick " areas. There are now 2,500 acres in pasture, and it is proposed to stock up with approximately 3,000 ewes, 4,500 wethers, and 500 run cattle during the ensuing year. The people living on this scheme are somewhat remote from available works other than that provided by this undertaking, and it is therefore desirable that further land development be gone on with as employment-promotion work. The project supports forty-seven people ; while the live-stock tally at 31st March was 233 run cattle, 2,581 breeding-ewes, and 2,727 dry slieep. Ruatoki. Embracing an area of 31,308 acres, this scheme is situated sixteen miles from Whakatane. On 7,500 acres, 130 settlers are established, who, with 166 workmen engaged on the scheme, are supporting 700 persons. The total amount of butterfat supplied by the settlers to their two factories shows a slight decline, which is attributable to the fact that the past season, from a climatic point of view, was unfavourable for dairying and general farming operations. However, the improvement in the quality of the milk and cream produced this season will offset the decline in output, the percentage of first-grade milk supplied being higher than last season, while cream showed an increase of 30 per cent, superfine. The live-stock tallies at 31st March, 1939, comprised 3,088 cows, 1,375 other dairy stock, 130 run stock, 1,552 breeding-ewes, 585 dry sheep, and 366 horses. The environment of the settlers and their dependants is gradually being ameliorated, largely as the result of the provision of more houses, and this state is reflected in the better living conditions and the marked improvement in the general health. It is worthy of note that, as these settlers are furnished with satisfactory accommodation and more convenient and modern facilities for carrying out their farm-routine work, so do they show their appreciation in a better response to instruction and in a sustained interest in their work. Thirty cottages were completed last year, while contracts for- a further ten have been let. Several settlers have had extra rooms and chimneys added at their own expense. The majority of the new cottages are well furnished, indicative perhaps of a satisfactory reaction to the improved design over last year's type of cottages. A total of ten new cow-sheds has been completed this year, eleven more are approved, making a grand total of seventy-nine built under the supervision of the Department; while several additions to cow-sheds have to be effected to allow of the installation of milking-machines, of which eight are to be immediately fitted. A comprehensive water-supply system to serve the eastern and western sides of the river is under way. Approximately twelve miles of pipe-line, consisting mostly of main line, are connected up. Fourteen dams, constructed on properties situated outside the main supply area, were completed this year. These dams reticulate to houses, sheds, and unwatered paddocks, and in every case the distribution is by gravitation. Serious inroads occurred on areas adjacent to both sides of the river through erosion, losses being severe. Steel-railed groins have therefore been erected, and selected places are being planted with willow-trees. The concrete bridge being built across the Whakatane River at Ruatoki will be completed

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before next milking season. The advantage of this new access, particularly for settlers on the western side, will be great, as can be realized from the fact that during the 1937-38 season an estimated quantity of 8,000 lb. of butterfat was not delivered to the factory owing to the river being unfordable. There are approximately thirty-two miles of roads in this scheme under the jurisdiction of the Department, practically all of which have been formed, metalled, and maintained by departmental supervision and the employment of local Maori labour. A rigorous campaign to control ragwort was carried out this season, and the areas treated showed very satisfactory results, the river-bed, which in the past has been the distributing centre for seeds, being given special attention. The keen interest shown by settlers in the establishment of the pig industry is reflected in the formation of two Pig Clubs. This has been the incentive to introduce several pedigree and good-quality grade sows into the area, and with instruction in pig husbandry the farmers are making commendable efforts to take advantage of the extra remuneration to be derived from pigs, several up-to-date layouts having been built in this area. The Tuhoe Pig Club secured the first and second prize in the best export porker class against open company at the Whakatane Agricultural and Pastoral Show. Several modern calf-rearing layouts have been constructed, which, it is hoped, will encourage settlers to rear their own replacements, the purchase of which in previous seasons has imposed a heavy drain on their resources. There are indications in this scheme of a better response to supervision and instruction, the majority of the settlers being keen and making an effort to justify their appointments as occupiers of their respective sections, and consequently the success of the project appears to be assured. Tauranga. The total area gazetted under this scheme is 2,213 acres, of which 1,137 acres are developed, 791 acres being occupied by settlers. The population comprises ten settlers, fifty-two workmen, and 274 dependants. The 'live-stock tally at 31st March, 1939, was 36 cows, 48 other dairy stock, 764 run cattle, 2,917 breeding-ewes, and 1,166 dry sheep. Kaitimako. —Heavy stocking and manuring with cobaltized superphosphate has been undertaken to combat the bush sickness on this section, and this year the stock has come through very well. A hydraulic ram and gravitation water-supply are now being installed. Dairying will probably not be commenced for some years, as this country is still largely affected with ragwort and young gorse. A sheep-dip and wool-shed, with a two-stand shearing plant have been provided, and are proving a great convenience for the whole of the Tauranga scheme. The facial eczema in the early part of 1938 took heavy toll of the breeding-ewes, but no recurrence was experienced this year. Mcmgatawa. —This section was originally practically all in gorse and ragwort, and these weeds will take some time to kill out. The land varies from swamp flats to steep hills, but should make ideal pasture country. Much good work has been done with a main 10 ft. drain, while the flats have been ploughed and sown down in grass. Heavy stocking has kept down the young gorse and ragwort, but it will require running with cattle and sheep for some years to properly crush out these noxious weeds. Tauranga : Ngapeke. This area of 801 acres was brought under the scheme in 1937, and development has proceeded very satisfactorily. As surface sowing was not considered the best method of bringing in this class of country, it has been necessary to plough and cultivate the land before sowing it with grass, and then to heavily stock it with wethers and steers. The portion now in grass is approximately 390 acres, with a further 120 acres to be grassed in October, This area is not well watered, and consideration will be given to this problem. Sheep and cattle yards have been erected. A major portion of the boundary and subdivisional fencing has been completed. The scheme supports two settlers, thirty-three labourers, and ninety-four dependants. The livestock tally at 31st March was 29 cows, 20 other dairy stock, 63 run cattle, and 600 dry sheep. Tauranga : Taupo. Located ten miles from Tokaanu, on the shores of Lake Taupo, this block comprises 2,913 acres, on which some 900 acres of grasslands are now available, 460 acres having been sown down this year. The two tractors have done good work in the preparation of the land for the grassing operation, and with the replacement by the two new Cletracs the cultivation work has been still further expedited. Stock has done well, and the country is proving satisfactory for the breeding of sheep. During the year seven new houses were built, while a shearing-shed with yards and an implement-shed were also erected. There is still ample country of good quality available to be brought in on this project. There is one settler established, and his holding of 244 acres is now practically all in good pasture and fully stocked with sheep and run cattle. The live-stock tally at 31st March was 636 breeding-ewes and 243 dry sheep. Twenty-two workmen were employed, and they supported sixty dependants. Tikitere. The area in this scheme, which is situated twelve miles from Rotorua on the main Whakatane Road, comprises some 2,743 acres, of which 1,230 acres are in pasture. This scheme was seriously affected with facial eczema, over one thousand sheep being lost.

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During the year two settlers were established on that portion known as Okahu, and were supplied with heifers, which will be available for milking in the 1939 saeson. In the meantime, they have been engaged in erecting their own subdivisional fences, top-dressing, and assisting a carpenter to build their own implement-shed and cow-shed. The whole scheme supports seven settlers, twenty-one workmen, and seventy-two dependants. The live-stock tallies at 31st March, 1939, were as follows : 301 cows, 240 other dairy stock, 343 run cattle, 1,275 breeding-ewes, and 1,989 dry sheep. Tokaanu. The majority of this scheme of 3,325 acres is now practically all in first-class pasture, and with heavy stocking of sheep and cattle is being consolidated into excellent farm lands. New work available and proposed for this year comprises the bringing-in of the dry portions on Cupples' areas, and draining, where possible, the swamp land. Heavy wool-clips and good healthy lambs from the ewes depasturing here demonstrates that this country is ideal for sheep. Few losses from facial eczema were experienced in the autumn of 1938. The population consists of ten settlers, thirty-four workmen, and 161 dependants. The livestock tally at 31st March, 1939, was 271 run cattle, 2,791 breeding-ewes, and 931 dry sheep The wool-clip realized eighty-eight bales. Tokaanu : Ohuanga. There are now 700 acres in grass on this scheme of a total area of 2,894 acres, and it is considered that with its ideal situation, sheltering at the foot of Pihanga Mountain, this property will prove as good as, if not better than, the lower-level grasslands of the Tokaanu scheme. There is ample scope for new development work here, and if labour is available up to 800 more acres can be brought in this coming year. There is also much fencing and draining required to properly control and farm the developed country. No stock has yet been allocated to this block, the present pastures being controlled with stock from the Tokaanu scheme. During the coming year some .400 head of mixed young cattle and up to 1,000 breeding-ewes will be purchased. The project found employment for fifteen Natives, who supported twenty-eight persons. Torere. Located fifteen miles east of Opotiki, in the Bay of Plenty, this scheme has an area of 3,508 acres. There are thirty-nine established settlers, of whom thirty-three are supplying the dairy factory, while three of the others will commence dairying next season. The dry season experienced has resulted in a shortage of feed and water to settlers not served by the main scheme supply, and a consequent drop in butterfat production obtained. The main work carried out comprised clearing, fencing, and draining. The population dependent on the scheme totalled 259 persons ; and the live-stock carried at 31st March, 1939, was 1,075 cows, 437 other dairy stock, and 11 run cattle. Waiohau. On the Rangitaiki River, about twenty-eight, miles, inland from Whakatane, is situated this property of 7,425 acres. Good progress has been made during the year. Nine settlers have supplied the factory, and a further four will commence milking operations next season. Seven milking-machines have been installed. It has not. been a good season for production, the spring being very late and wet, while from October to the end of March a very severe drought was experienced, when the shortage of water was a serious problem as a result of the drying-up of springs and drains. In the past, ewes have been mated with a Black Face ram for the purpose of fat lambs, but this year Romney rams have been used in order to breed sheep for transfer to other schemes. The stock tally at the 31st March, 1939, was 1,123 breeding-ewes, 225 run sheep, 358 cows, and 237 run cattle The scheme supports 176 persons. Other Schemes. Arawa scheme, of 242 acres, is located near Rotorua, and supports four settlers, seven workmen, and twenty-three dependants. The dairy herd consists of thirty-seven cows. Brents Farm, of 335 acres, is situated three miles and a half from Rotorua. The stock carried at 31st March was 3 cows, 174 run cattle, and 952 sheep. Te Kaha. —Located in the eastern end of the Bay of Plenty district, this scheme comprises a total area of 2,963 acres. During the year, 1,306 chains of new fences were erected. The season has not been a good one, the spring being very wet and cold, although the latter end has been very dry. The scheme supports thirty-four settlers, thirteen labourers, and 220 dependants. The stock tally was 700 cows, 240 other dairy stock, 50 run cattle, and 4-9 working-horses. Maketu : Pukainyalaru. —Containing 331 acres, this property supports four settlers, two workmen, and twenty dependants. The stock includes 239 cows and 91 other dairy stock. Maketu : Motiti Island. —Eleven settlers are established on this project, which comprises 852 acres. Maraenui. —Some 1,500 acres are included in this scheme, which is situated at the mouth of the Motu River. The pastures on the flats have greatly improved and have grazed well. A further area of 40 acres of easy hills was cleared of scrub and was surface sown. Ragwort control was the main work during the season, as it is impossible to control this weed by stocking on the river-bed. The other works carried out comprised fencing, draining, and clearing. The population numbers forty-eight; and the live-stock tallies at 31st March, 1939, wore 45 dairy stock and 1,135 sheep. Matakana Island is situated at the entrance of the Tauranga Harbour, and comprises 427 acres, which are worked by four settlers and eleven labourers, who support forty-nine dependants. The livestock at 31st March was 121 cows and 55 other dairy stock.

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Omaio. —On this schcme of 2,179 acres, located on the easterly coast of the Bay of Plenty twentyeight miles from Opotiki, no new work has been carried out, the areas already occupied by the nineteen settlers having been concentrated on. The very dry period from early December to March has affected the cream-supply. The scheme supports 187 people ; and the live-stock tally was 580 cows, 20 other dairy stock, 22 run cattle, and 100 dry sheep. Opape Farm— This property of 1,072 acres has now been merged with the Whakatohea scheme, three settlers with fifteen dependants having been established thereon. Orete. —Situated on the north-east coast of the Bay of Plenty, this scheme comprises an area of 4,774 acres, of which 2,6J9 acres are occupied by the twenty-six settlers who, with four workmen, support 197 dependants. No new areas have been developed, and the chief work during the year has been farm maintenance. The cream-supply from this schcme was also affected by the floods in the early part of the season. The live-stock consists of 1,000 cows, 35 other dairy stock, and 800 breeding-ewes. Orete No. 2 scheme, located sixty miles east of Opotiki, comprises 6,365 acres, of which 2,000 acres have been developed. The new work undertaken was 123 chains of new fencing with 100 chains of repairs to fences. The stock has done very well, the wethers coming out of the wool in good condition The heavy stocking with cattle has improved the pastures, but inadequate fencing militates against the successful grazing of the block. The stock at 31st March, 1939, comprised 921 run cattle, 832 breeding-ewes, and 2,241 dry sheep. Parekarangi Extension. —Further development work carried out on this scheme of 700 acres during the year comprised the ploughing and grassing of 90 acres and the sowing of 30 acres in turnips. There are now some 460 acres in grass, on which good work is being done by grazing with bullocks. There is ample work here for the two teamsters employed, and a further area of 180 acres to 200 acres will be turned over and grassed during the coming twelve months. This country is subject to ragwort, but, when necessary, a check is kept on it with sheep. Pukehina scheme, situated on the north and south sides of the main Whakatane - Te Puke Road, contains 590 acres. The project supports three settlers, three workmen, and thirty-two dependants. The dairy heard comprises 120 cows, while 45 other dairy stock are also being carried. Putaruru. —This property of 129 acres, on which two settlers with eleven dependants are running twenty cows, is located about four miles from Putaruru. Rotorua Nursery.—Eight men with forty dependants were engaged on this nursery of 30 acres, which is on the Taupo Road about four miles from Rotorua. The project continues to be a source of supply of trees for a large number of the development schemes in the North Island. Ruatahuna. —Situated in the valley at the head of the Whakatane River, in the heart of the Urewera Country, this scheme of 12,181 acres supports twenty-three settlers, forty workmen, and 138 dependants. An area of 3,500 acres has been developed to date. The live-stock tally at 31st March, 1939, was 1,611 run cattle, 1,552 breeding-ewes, and 935 dry sheep. Taheke scheme contains 9,081 acres, of which 8,000 acres have been developed, and is situated on the main Rotorua-Tauranga Road to the north of the Okere Falls. One settler, thirty workmen, and eighty-eight dependants comprise the population of the scheme. The live-stock tally was 785 run cattle, 2,546 breeding-ewes, and 1,562 dry sheep. Tihiotonga station, of 5,212 acres, is adjacent to Rotorua Township. The dependants oti the undertaking number 156, including two settlers and thirty-five workmen. The live-stock tally at 31st March, 1939, was 93 cows, 15 other dairy stock, 819 run cattle, 3,337 brceding-ewes, and 5,821 dry sheep. Tikitere : Waikato scheme contains 590 acres, on which five dairy-farmers have now been established and are milking 250 cows and running 62 other dairy stock. Waihi : Pukawa. —Gazetted only in February, 1939, this project of 8,265 acres is situated near Tokaanu. Whakatane.—An increase of one in the number of holdings on this scheme of 389 acres occurred during the year, and seven of the eight settlers are now milking and supplying the dairy factory. In addition to the herd of 113 cows, 74 other dairy stock were carried at 31st March, 1939. During the year three cottages and two cow-sheds were erected ; and the farm work included 337 chains of fencing and 91 acres of grassing. Whakatohea. This scheme, embracing 2,414 acres, and located eight miles from Opotiki on the Opotiki-Cape Runaway Road, now embraces Opape Base Farm of 1,072 acres which has been subdivided and settled as three farms, on which two of these settlers are milking large herds, while on the third milking will be commenced next season. Shortage of feed and water resulting from the extremely dry weather experienced, during the season has lowered butterfat production. Apart from the forty-two settlers' individual efforts, the work completed during the year by twenty workmen consisted of the stumping and clearing of 280 acres, the fencing of sixteen miles, the draining of three miles and a half, and the ploughing of 120 acres. The scheme supports 305 persons ; and the live-stock tally at 31st March, 1939, was 1,053 cows, 596 other dairy stock, 84 sheep, and 49 working horses. The details of the Opape Farm are given separately in the attached tables. Whakatohea : Wainui.— Situated eight miles from Whakatane, near the Ohiwa Harbour, this scheme contains 592 acres, of which 320 acres are occupied by three settlers, who are supporting nineteen dependants. The stock comprises 112 cows and 47 other dairy stock, One new cottage was built, and 232 chains of fencing were erected. Whangaparaoa is situated at the north-eastern extremity of the Bay of Plenty, and comprises 3,748 acres. No new development has been undertaken during the year. The season has not been a good one for production on accouni of the season being wet and cold in the spring, with the result that the cows did not come to their flush of milk until very late ; moreover, production was not maintained on account of the very dry weather after December. A good deal of cream was again lost on account of floods and wash-outs, the contractors being unable to get through to the factory. The scheme supports fourteen settlers and ten workmen, the dependants of whom number ninety-four. The stock carried consists of 650 cows, 20 other dairy stock, and 400 dry sheep.

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STATISTICAL DATA ON WAIARIKI DISTRICT SCHEMES (SCHEME, UNIT, AND FARM).

Horohoro. , , ! — : Maketu Maketu : Particulars. Kapenga Kapenga ' Ngati- Bongo- Tuhou- 1 Turanga- Waikau- jnaparangi j Arana - Brents. paIa Te Kaha. j Korohe. Fann. PU^Jf a No. 1. No. 2. j tuara. maipapa. rangi. ; nui. kan. j Plantation. | j gazetted or acquired I .. Date June, 1931 June, 1931 Dec., 1929 Dec, 1929 Jan., 1931 June, 1931 Dec., 1929 June, 1931 [July, 1936 July, 1930 } D ec., 1931 Sept.,1937 Dec., 1930 June, 1931 2. Area— 019 6W 1 193 g3 3 242 335 4.101 2,963 1,657 1,682 331 Gazetted to date Acres -,1-0 400 2,l-o i.oia , 335 2 ,200 x 949 979 915 300 Developed to date Acres 640 400 l,o|0 aou asi ou 2 42 .. .. 2,600 531 600 331 Occupied by settlers . . .. .. Acres .. .. 2,l-o 1,209 6-o .. Suitable for further development.. .. Acres 1,480 .. 160 349 .. -uo •• j.,.w 3. Number of— „ 1Q 19 . e 4 34 3 5 4 Settlers .. .. ■ - • • tun ]> er 19 " 4 9 " 7 2 8 13 22 18 2 Additional labourers .. .. 2s umber 8 .. 4 .. ± 67 20 Other dependants (wives and chiidren) .. dumber 24 .. 101 6i- 2d 8 - -j - Total dependants .. .. dumber 32 .. 124 74 31 12 47 34 o 43 26( 1£5 90 _b 4. Number of B.P. workers (included above) .. Number 8 4.. 1 3 9.. 7.. Number .. 632 582 277 3 246 37 3 2 700 . . ol| 239 » stock :: :: :: *£&£ u s! vs ™ , 120 211 io 6 237 :: .. m "309 50 317 Ewes: Breeding .. .. ■■ Number .. .. .. .. •• ■■ ■■ •• 22g 2 -; g0 ' 425 Dry sheep .. .. •• Number 3 222 .. 200 .. .. 21 Working-horses .. .. ■ ■ Number 16 60 40 13 4 is 6. Receipts — BU lb. .. ■■ 82,588 75,731 32,529 .. 26,397 .. 5,013 .. .. 2 ?'-m lotai poundage .. .. w- 4. 7** 2 033 1.649 .. 313 .. .. 5,659 .. 4,6ol l,o01 Total cash proceeds £ .. •• |,W| 4,/33 -,03d .. g81 Department s proportion .. .. - - - <* • 4U - d » ld ° 1 » zoy • • ' Wool — _ c 4.7 ko 17 40 Bales Number 19 7 .. .. 6 .. ■■ •- 5?4 596 ;; 178 429 ;; Total net value £ - g 677 291 783 65 163 176 2 ,771 123 Cropland sundries 7. .. f "1 1. 20 " !L_ fL. EL- — Total cash to Department .. £ 1,297 2,748 3,824 3,507 2,111 843 1,859 432 i' 385 708 2 - 567 393 6 ' 329 805 7. Year's activities— 24 .. 300 .. 365 .. .. Bushfelhng [and clearing .. .. Acres 264 .. .. /9 .. 13 .. 290 1,306 350 .. 54 Fencing: New .. .. .. Chains 4 110 .. 1 u 2g 80 2Q0 12 Draining: New — .. .. .. Chains 100 .. 10 .. - - 255 Grassing: New .. .. .. Acres 264 .. .. .. .. • • • • Other cultivation: New .. .. .. 60 .. SO /0 -0 30 00 .. .. •• •• •• Roading: New .. .. .. Chains 10 15 .. • - • - • • • • • • *" - Water-supply: New .. .. .. Number Splitting— TCiii , r .. .. .. .. 3,000 2,000 £°?i s •" •• - vSmhS " " " " " •• •• •• •• 10,000 34,660 3,700 Battens .. -. • - • • dumber .. .. .. • • • • lfiO Strainers .. .. .. .. Number Cottages erected — o fi 1 New .. .- .. Number .. . .. •• -• -■ *> ■■ 7 ' „ To date .. . . •. ■ • Number 1 19 13 6 1 10 .. 1 1 1-Cow-sheds erected — q 1 New .. . - .. . • Number .. .. .. 1 •• - - • - ■ • , • • • • * " „ • • „ To date .. .. .. • ■ Number .. .. 17 13 5 .. o Implement and manure sheds — ■ 1n 14 New .. .. .. ■ ■ Number .. .. 17 9 5 .. 10 .... .. .. .. x * To date .. .. .. - • Number 1 .. 17 9 5 .. 10 j Wool-sheds i New .. .. .. - ■ Number .. .. .. • • ■ ■ • • • ■ - • • • " . To date .. .. . • • • Number .. .. .. | Sheep dip and yards — New .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. • • • • • •• " " " " , To date .. .. .. .. Number .. .. • • • • • • .. | .. .. .. j- . - ■ • Huts .. .. .. . - Number 3 .. .. I " • - | ■

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STATISTICAL DATA ON WAIARIKI DISTRICT SCHEMES (SCHEME, UNIT, AND FARM)— continued.

Particulars. ! 3 3g| : j Mateta. I M araenul. | i Ngatiawa. j ***_ Okere. Omaio. I Okareka. Orete Orel, 0ruanai . 1 2 I I i I I I i i I 1. Date first gazetted or acquired .. .. Date July, 1931 Jan., 1931 Nov., 1936 Oct., 1936 i Jan., 1932 July, 1937 June, 1931 Jan., 1937 July, 1931 Dec., 1931 June, 1937 Dec., 1930 Jan., 1932 Dec., 1932 Posti. Area— _ splitting gazetted to date .. .. .. Acres 474 852 427 3,559 1.500 22,576 5,315 6,319 6,054 2,179 1,322 1,072 4,774 6,365 onlv: State Developed to date .. .. .. Acres 460 852 337 632 410 5,400 2.935 1,473 3,150 1,599 1,120 Now merged 2.189 2,000 iforest Occupied by settlers .. Acres 104 852 427 456 .. .. 210 .. 120 1,900 .. with 2,619 .. License. 3 Number of-- development .. Acres 14 .. 90 2,250 390 .. 1,365 2,527 1,352 301 150 Whakatohea 1,000 2,000 , . . • • • • • • • • Number 2 11 4 5 .. 2 42 1 19 3 26 Additional labourers .. .. Number 9 11 8 12 7 14 35 30 10 6 4 4 35 Other dependants (wives and children) .. Number 29 .. 49 50 36 16 35 192 59 158 .. 15 197 .. 32 Total dependants .. .. Number 40 11 64 63 48 23 51 269 90 187 6~~ 18 227 4 67 4. Number of E.P. workers (included above) .. Number 9 11 8 1? 5 11 32 27 9 5 : o 35 5. Live-stock — ~ "" Cows; Dairy .. .. .. Number 56 .. 121 93 .. 1 75 30 50 580 .. .. 1.000 Other dairy stock .. .. .. Number 22 .. 55 35 45 48 17 5 9 20 35 Run cattle .. .. .. Number 126 .. .. .. .. 607 828 502 921 22 !! .! *921 Ewes: Breeding .. .. .. Number 395 .. .. 497 916 .. 2.539 1,188 3,067 .. .. .. 800 832 Dry sheep .. .. .. .. Number 30 .. .. 410 219 3,134 2.271 ' 37 3,765 100 708 28 .. 2,241 6 Receipts— n 0rS6S " *' " mber 7 16 11 17 17 3 24 5 1 50 3 Butterfat — Total poundage .. .. .. lb. 5,895 .. 16,536 11,759 .. .. 8,736 6,210 3,158 58,392 .. 5.169 100.680 Total cash proceeds .. .. £ 369 .. 997 752 .. .. 568 387 197 3,650 .. '323 7,300 proportion .. .. £ 123 .. 332 301 .. .. 227 129 101 ■■ 320 2!660 Biles . . .. .. .. Number 10 . . 6 11 46 80 41 122 .. 29 4 17 50 Total net value .. .. .. £ 95 .. .. 76 131 493 982 523 1,456 .. 323 42 177 545 1-lve-stock .. .. .. £ 526 .. 19 660 455 179 930 295 5,107 206 2,112 178 327 449 Crops and sundries .. .. .. £ 30 175 17 4 10 252 238 109 33 9 36 5 113 6 18 Total cash to Department .. £ 774 175 368 1,041 596 924 2,377 1,056 6,697 1,692 2,471 545 3,277 1,000 18 7. Year's activities — Bushfelling and clearing .. .. Acres .. 41 49 40 400 .. 600 500 EIVnI £S a !" S ™ •• 162 360 90 480 260 320 68 590 240 85 '352 'i28 Draining. New .. .. .. Chains 180 .. 16 88 42 50 223 80 22 15 29 5 21 Grassing : New .. .. .. Acres .. .. 80 50 .. 123 800 500 Other cultivation: New .. .. Acres .. .. 35 Koading: New .. .. .. Chains !! !! " 60 " " " " "48 " "so " "11 " 'ilO Water-supply: New Number .. .. " " " " " S " 8U " 11 Splitting — SSL, £ Um 5! er •• " ■' •• 2 > 998 250 1,450 .. 100 1.980 2,700 115,785 Battens .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. 7,000 10,075 3,400 .. 31,200 13,100 .. .. 3 226 2.250 65.298 Strainers .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. 15 25 .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 15 3,602 Stringers .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 21 House blocks .. .. .. Number .. .. . " * * "" * * ' * "" Cottages erected — New .. .. .. .. Number .. .. 1 1.. .. .. 9 3 3 3 „ To : V, • • • • ■ ■ Number 2 .. 4 1 .. 1 4 9 3 8 1 "3 25 Cow-sheds erected — . New .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 To date .. .. .. .. Number 2 1 2 2 18 2 22 Implement and manure sheds — New .. .. .. .. Number To date .. .. .. .. Number 1 .. .. 1 1 1 -i i Wool-sheds— " *" ' * 1 1 15 New .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 To date .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 \ Sheep dip and yards — ' " .... .... New .. .. .. .. Number To date .. .. .. .. Number 1 .. .. .. l i 1 i " j Huts .. .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. 2 | .. ! !! 32 14

o.—lo.

STATISTICAL DATA ON WAIARIKI DISTRICT SCHEMES (SCHEME, UNIT, AND FARM)-continued.

Particulars 1 Parek . a " ! I Peka. Te KB. i Potikirua. Pu | awa I Pukehina. ! Putaruru. Putauaki. Eotoiti. Ruatahuna. Buatoki. j Taheke. Tauranga. ! rangi. j Extenslon | | | j | I ! 1 Date first Gazetted or acquired . .. Date June, 1931 Jan., 1931 June, 1931 May, 1933 June, 1938 Post June, 1937 Sept., 1936 Nov., 1936 July, 1933 June, 1932 April, 1931 April,1930 Jan., 1931 Dec., 1931. 2. Area - g „„„ ™ , o fi4 4 945 3 0 1B olUy 8 590 129 9,565 30 4,912 12,181 31,308 9,081 2,213 Gazetted to date Acres 2,868 ,00 1,364 4,245 3,015 onlj , 3Q g Q g 2 4g5 1>^ Developed to date Acres l,ol6 460 390 ,5= 2,015 .. tfuu 129 1 000 .. .. 3j30 0 7,500 270 791 Occupied by settlers .. .. .. Acres 320 .. 100 .. .. ■ 1 iQQ 3 lgg 3 081 3535 7o0 Suitable for further development .. Acres 100 240 810 243 l.uuu 3. Number of— , 3 2 17 .... 23 130 1 10 Settlers £ um £ er f ' a T ""5 " " 6 3 49 8 14 40 166 30 52 Additional labourers .. .. .. N umber 4 i i 5? " 32 11 181 40 33 138 700 88 274 Other dependants (wives and children) .. Number 36 J o o 1 • • '' — — x- v. " To TfT~ Q i AC 6 38 13 247 48 47 201 996 119 336 Total dependants .. .. dumber 43 12 9 106 .. i o 9 a 6 2. 47 7 11 40 50 27 49 4. Number of E.P. workers (included above) .. 43..**.." 5. Live-stock — Qn « 120 20 241 .. -• •• 3,088 .. 36 Cows: Dairy .. .. .. .. Number 111 .. - •• 5 4 163 _ 1,375 .. 48 Other dairy stock .. .. .. dumber 13 .. 24 .. .. 233 1,611 130 785 764 Run cattle .. .. • • •• Number /06 .. 7b .. zws -- •• •• •• 2 5gl 1552 441 2 546 2 ,917 Ewes: Breeding .. .. Number 31/ .. .. ■■ ■■ •• • 12 2 727 935 585 1 562 1,166 Drv sheep Number 300 .. 380 392 2,02b •• 3 2 6 23 366 .. 21 Working-horses .. - - . • Number 4 8 b iy 2 6. Receipts — Butterfat— „„ « g ,» 19,602 2,941 46,597 .. .. •• 481,446 .. 7,902 Total poundage .. .. lb. If'®®* •• 0, f| 7 " " " 1,195 184 2,912 . . .. 30,090 .. 494 Total cash proceeds .. .. £ 1.0&J .. 42/ .. 1 14,151 29 169 Department s proportion .. .. & <»■* • • uo Woo 1 — x. on 7 q in .. 6 78 50 9 78 69 Bales dumber 39 7 » 10 •• 78 869 50B 108 984 953 Total net value .. £ toao q<u 77 182 91 - 228 2,S11 .. 1,278 2,756 4,763 Live-stock £ 1,202 .. 964 77 182 .. 91 76 > 283 54 178 46 70 Crops and sundries .. .. .. £ 393 » - Total cash to Department .. £ 2,720 5?" 1,430 235 424 .. 756 76 1,658 76 3,963 559 3*15 5*5^ 7. Year's activities— ft . 6 gl8 .. 380 514 .. 200 234 Bushfelling and clearing .. .. Acres 400 90 .. iuu .. .. 3 Q 39 - 1 1Q0 g00 4B5 Fencing: New Chams 158 40 .. 640 278 .. xou gQ _ 517 18 57 Draining: New .. .. .. Chains 30 10„ .. 38 .. .. 200 450 200 240 Grassing: New Acres 400 90 .. 185 .. .. ou gg _ _ 113 112 Other cultivation: New .. .. Acres .. 3U .. • • •• •• •• 50 4 Roading: New .. .. -. Chains . • • • • • ±yi - • • • '' ' * Water-supply : New .. .. .. Number Splitting — 9 - 77 o qqo 1 134 .. .. 4,690 1.500 Posts ?. Um K er •" " " Hoo " 15'tit " 7 200 .. 7,300 11,478 4,000 Battens $ um S er " " " '17 ' °'|oi 10 •• 13 Strainers .. .. .. .. dumber .. - • • • 14/ • • Stringers .. ... .. .. Number .. .. •• •• •• •• •• • • 365 House blocks .. .. .. Number .. .. • • Cottages erected — i 4 . 1 .. 30 1 1 New .. .. .. •• Number .. 1 •• •• •• -• X 6 1 4 1 102 7 8 To date .. .. .. .. dumber - 2 6 Cow-sheds erected — I 2 ... 10 .. 3 New .. .. .. .. Number 3 .. .. • • - • • • * * • • g ■ * •; ; S6 3 5 To date .. .. .. .. dumber 8 .. 3 Implement and manure sheds — .. 1 New .. .. .. .. Number 4 .. . - .. •• •• • • • * i 1 " 1 2 .. 3 To date .. .. .. .. Number » l l i Wool-sheds — ! 1 . 1 1 New .. .. .. •. Number .. .. .. .. .. -• •• •• •• • 1 ± x ± To date .. .. .. .. Number • • • • Sheep dip and yards — . 1 ...... 1 New .. .. .. • • Number .. • • .. i .. .. - - • • • • • • - • To date .. .. .. .. Number -. • • — • • • • • • • • « i 10 6 4 Huts .. . • • • Number b .. j 18

STATISTICAL DATA ON WAIARIKI DISTRICT SCHEMES (SCHEME, UNIT, AND FARM)— continued.

G.—lo.

6 —Gr. 10.

PaX ™- a ' Tihiotonga. TiMtere. wjjg/ Tokaanu. | j Torere. 1 ! Waiohau. j | j Totals. 1. Date first gazetted or acquired .. .. Date July, 19S7 Sept., 1937 Dec., 1936 July, 1931 Dee., 1932 Dee., 1930 Sept.,1937 Apl., 1931 Sept., 1936 Feb., 1939 May, 1933 April, 1837 Dec., 1930 Jan , 1931 Dec 1931 2. Number of schemes in district .... ........ * ' ' Rn 3. Area— " ' " '" " '' •' • • '' ou Gazetted to date .. .. .. Acres 801 2,913 5,212 2,743 590 3,325 2,894 3,508 767 8,265 7,425 389 2,414 592 3 748 211 425 Developed to date .. .. .. Acres 528 900 4,190 1,230 537 1,300 700 2,295 125 1 580 370 1 750 979 l'560 76'709 Occupied by settlers .. .. .. Acres 138 270 154 730 420 1,260 .. 2,445 .. '960 389 l'828 3-->0 2*260 40'860 Suitable for further development .. Acres 272 2,413 300 1,320 33 1,383 1,820 550 612 920 19 '350 320 '200 48'516 4. Number of— ' Settlers .. .. .. .. Number 2 1 2 7 5 10 39 9 8 42 3 14 539 Additional labourers .. .. .. Number 33 22 35 21 3 34 15 16 10 4 34 20 10 941 Other dependants (wives and children) .. Number 94 60 119 72 29 161 28 204 24 19 133 *28 243 19 94 4 555 Total dependants .. .. Number 129 83 156 100 37 205 43 259 34 23 176 S6 305 22 118 6,035~~ 5. Number of E.P. workers (included above) .. Number 32 20 31 19 3 31 15 15 10 4 33 19 9 774 6. Number of relief workers engaged exclusively on Number .. .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. '' *' 9^ private Native lands 7. Live-stock — ®°J' s: . r ! air y, •• 5 TUB S er Sn "• ?? 301 250 ■' " 1 ' 075 " •• 358 118 i. 058 112 650 12,981 Other dairy stock .. .. .. dumber 20 .. 15 240 62 .. .. 437 13 74 5Q6 17 i>n i Hun cattle .. .. .. .. Number 63 .. 819 343 .. 271 11 " 237 12 564 Ewes: Breeding .. .. .. Number .. 636 3,337 1,275 .. 2,791 .. .. 1 123 "67 " 33'475 Dry sheep .. .. .. .. Number 600 243 5,821 1.989 .. 931 . '905 17 " 'inn 'ifi'qis Working-horses .. .. .. Number 10 9 27 18 10 21 7 45 .. )')'"• 18 ' 8 49 "5 15 l'llS 8. Receipts — Butterfat — Total poundage .. .. .. lb. .. .. 9,543 47,152 37,396 .. .. 134,240 .. . .. 48,578 17,914 140,038 13,288 60,996 1,715,674 Total cash proceeds .. .. .. £ .. .. o96 2 > 9 t? 2,337 .. .. 8,640 .. .. 3.036 1,120 8,752 831 3,812 107,671 proportion ... .. £ .. .. 398 2,061 1,695 .. .. 3,470 .. .. j 1,241 473 3)771 356 l)547 52)956 Bales .. .. .. .. Number 9 10 222 78 88 18 31 1 416 Total net value .. .. .. £ 139 196 2,517 1,051 .. 893 . . ' " 232 " " " 30fi 16957 Live-stock .. .. .. .. £ 722 623 8,939 3,935 83 1,315 .. 126 " " 1134 " 1 'il4 " 4 259 53'836 Crops and sundries .. .. .. £ 25 100 95 252 4 124 74 100 'l34 316 42 59 75 4'q43 Bulk sundries., .. .. .. £ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ' 1 584 Total cash to Department .. £ 886 919 11,949 7,299 1,782 2,332 74 3,696 .. ~ 2,741 790 3,927 419 2,187 128,692 9. Year's activities — Bushfelling and clearing .. .. Acres 154 460 586 .. 20 .. 550 150 .. .. 450 68 278 42 8 162 Fencing: New .. .. .. Chains 648 400 600 38 40 .. 500 678 .. .. • 902 337 1,317 232 i00 16'655 Draining: New .. .. .. Chains 103 .. .. .. .. .. .. 62 .. .. 60 54 274 65 ?2 2 857 Grassing: New .. .. .. Acres 190 460 586 .. .. 40 550 .. 80 367 91 7 196 Other cultivation: New .. .. Acres .. 60 80 .. .. 40 155 * 150 " " 1*170 Roading: New ... .. Chains 83 .. 316 .. .. .. 60 > 250 " " i* " i'q97 Water-supply: New .. .. .. Number .. .. 1 , .. 1 " " *' a Splitting — : * * • • • • • • • • .. SoSLc " " " " m i eT " " " " '• " •' •' 4,350 .. .. .. .. 3,244 900 .. 157,756 " " ** "" l Um l eT " •" "• '• •• •• 16,700 .. .. .. .. 13,150 3,900 .. 267,625 Strainers .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -ike ic * kqq Stringers .. .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. " " Do lb .. 4,oyy House blocks .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .... .. ' " " " " " " Cottages erected — " • '/ " "■ "• " ... .. 1,401. New .. .. .. .. Number .. 7 .. 4 .. 1 ■ '4 2 .. 5 3 4 1 10S To date .. .. .. .. Number 3 8 2 11 5 11 .. 14 2 11 4 22 S 17 'iQft Cow-sheds erected— 11 4 6 17 6W New .. .. .. .. Number 1 .. .. .. .... 8 .. .. 2 6 1 52 To date .. .. .. .. Number 2 2 6 5 .. . 39 12 q oq q 1 e q^q Implement and manure sheds — *" '" '' " J ~ New .. .. .. .. Number .. 1 4 1 ....., 58 To date .. .. .. .. Number 1 1 1 6 2 1 1 2 " 1 " "a ma Wool-sheds — New .. .. .. .. Number .. 1 .... 1 ;; 7 To date .. .. .. .. Number .. 1 .. .. .... 1 . ]... .. t i " * [ '' * * '' '' '*2 -.0 Sheep dip and yards — / ... . . - - New .. .. .. .. Number 1.. .. .. .. 1.. .. .. 4 To date .. .. .. .. Number 1 .. .. .. .. 2 !! !! !! !! ] " '' '' '' 10 Huts .. .. .. .. Number 8 27 .. .. .. .. *31 ]] [" *" '" " " "" •*

G.—lo,

WAIARIKI DISTRICT. Summarized Receipts and Payments Accounts for Year ended 31st March, 1939.

Receipts. : * — ? ~ , Employment Promotion Subsidies. _ . , . . to-^+tsoKihW Schemes. ovr-inrtincr Cash Collections, Sales to Total Receipts, Net Liability xteoeipte, t»uiuuiug Sohpme Produce other including Employment. as at toTl'7Ech lK«: Total to 1938 Schemes. to 1939. 31st March, 1938. 8 d fsd £ s. d. 1 £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. • t n(u K Q 9 Q]5 7 Q ; 918 9 8 507 19 6 16 0 0 4,762 2 7 3,341 11 7 Brents Farm !! !! 67',276 15 6 1,706 12 11 44 13 10 1,384 8 2 14,341 4 3 84,753 14 8 7,892 16 2 Haparapara 1 0 0 35 8 0 651 7 3 708 7 3 3,5ol 10 8 4,947 13 2 7,117 1/ 7 "GIIV 4,784 0 6 251 14 11 26 15 0 3 17 0 310 10 3 5,376 17 8 3,097 14 9 g i ™ * 1 l l \ 3 ™ ,9 1 1. 296 7 8 2,241 6 0 12',480 8 4 16 10 3 559 3 9 1 721 5 0 184 12 3 2 747 12 0 2 428 13 0 10,641 6 0 5,570 8 9 Kapenga 2 3,oo9 3 9 1,/zi o u , gg r] _ 391391s 6 NgZ= pa . :: :: Ittlhlt VZ *1 I i.B a % j:» } e » 655100 s u ? «. s i« 1 Tuhourangi .. .. .. 14 10 3,615 7 4 317 14 11 2,110 9 o 1,542 3 1 17 8 0 - _ a :: :: :: I'SVl HtUll J8 S I » wo o 12,92000 IS* - - :: 5 '111 9 fcSS'i iffiii 5 a « S ? 7 I? II S 1 $:™> I 4 Maketu Farm " '.i .. 41,503 12 3 10,834 19 3 2,474 4 3 6,328 16 2 4,582 11 7 65,724 3 0 5,285 0 10 Mangatawa (Tauranga) .. .. 818 5 0 2,393 1 10 2,494 10 6 846 14 10 653 15 6 7,306 7 8 7,844 15 7 Maraenui .. .. .. 2,002 12 5 2,879 8 9 1,187 17 9 595 9 1 745 16 7 7,411 4 7 4,o62 6 5 Matakana Island .. .. 354 6 9 2,743 3 6 782 3 8 15 ] ■■ ll 7 I'194 13 5 -\r 4- + Q88 1 4-^1 8 8 11 1 111 19 2 1,040 1 3 320 10 0 7.o79 14 t o,ly4: io o :: :: .jg". 4 «J U , ,t 4 , « , i kgSi,'"™!.) i !.«»» - umi < « > » « «" « • ;»■"» ° j 3 1-"I II !S Ngatiawa . .. .. 12,905 11 6 8,003 5 0 2,218 17 11 2,377 4 6 3,799 13 o 29,304 12 4 38,8/4 18 10 Ngatimanawa 182 17 9 8,039 9 5 7,005 6 1 1,056 1 8 .. 16,283 14 11 | Ohuanga (Tokaanu) .. 45 14 8 3,287 5 5 4,456 4 7 /3 14 3 .. It'ars 19 7 Cr 4 536 19 10 Okataina Bush .. .. ■■ 9,046 2 3 6,409 16 0 .. - i'l>q fi 7 10 086 1° 3 Okareka .. .. 82 12 7 1,364 5 9 1,362 4 4 2,471 13 11 848 10 0 6,129 6 7 10,086 12 3 Okere . .. •• 13,892 4 1 10,674 9 4 5,019 2 6 6,696 13 5 : 2,971 2 0 39,253 11 4 31.193 ® I Omaio !'. ■■ 4,339 3 8 4,634 17 2 1,802 14 11 1,692 1 3 154 7 0 j \ ® n q a Onanp Farm . 7 755 2 3 2,118 6 4 233 15 9 544 17 7 5,906 2 8 16,558 4 7 Cr. 1,173 3 4 Orete " " * * 9'of»3 17 7 2,187 17 11 696 14 8 3,277 15 1 368 13 9 15,624 19 0 9,154 17 3 n „ 9 i 7 049 2 1 210 0 6 311 14 3 1,000 1 5 1,518 13 0 10,089 11 3 7,231 2 10 Orete 2 .. .. o' 046 14 k 1 939 9 8 3 753 5 6 17 15 0 6,872 6 6 15,629 11 1 Cr. 4,706 18 7 SXrangf " ! !! l j K " I '865 15 5 2,719 13 0 3 6 30,832 19 3 32,640 11 6 S Extension .. .. 167 17 3 2,020 18 7 1,165 17 1 484 15 11 1,367 16 0 | 5,207 4 10 3,764 6 1 p eka .. .. .. | 5,897 2 0 ! 1,998 11 5 305 11 1 ! 1,429 12 2 I 4,179 7 0 [ 13,810 3 8 11,879 12 9

G.—lo,

TePiki .. .. .. 1,969 18 5 8,619 5 10 2,646 3 0 235 11 8 1,490 16 4 14,961 15 3 10,022 1 0 Potikirua Station .. .. .. .. 760 19 11 423 19 5 1,932 16 3 3,117 15 7 3,393 7 7 Pukaingataru .. .. .. 1,849 0 2 232 11 9 309 11 5 804 15 5 .. 3,195 18 9 2,001 2 5 TePuke .. .. .. 1,505 5 3 4,834 12 2 2,313 3 4 773 15 5 1,365 18 6 10,792 14 8 6,642 5 8 PukawaBush .. .. .. 222 9 ,9 295 5 8 336 14 0 .. 493 12 3 1,348 1 8 Gr. 288 15 7 Pukehina .. .. .. 604 16 9 346 10 6 258 13 0 755 12 0 .. 1,965 12 3 2,498 7 1 Putauaki .. .. .. 1,293 19 7 2,780 6 1 5,206 6 10 1,657 8 8 695 18 1 11,633 19 3 9,394 19 10 Rotoiti.. .. ... .. 12,632 5 1 4,325 0 5 1,789 17 5 3,962 15 7 2,649 5 0 25,359 3 6 20,206 3 6 Rotorua Nursery .. .. 4,492 7 11 3,615 14 6 775 3 6 76 2 5 3,095 4 7 12,054 12 11 Gr. 2,732 5 11 Ruamata .. .. .. .. 37 4 10 .. .. .. 37 4 10 21 12 11 Ruatahuna .. .. .. 6,082 13 4 7,829 18 2 3,644 11 8 559 7 9 351 18 6 18,468 9 5 14,289 5 3 Ruatoki .. .. .. 39,979 10 11 16,567 18 10 7,411 10 4 15,714 16 5 60 18 7 79,734 15 1 67,618 9 11 Taheke.. .. .. .. 18,980 0 10 6,94110 11 3,687 6 4 3,815 8 4 415 14 0 33,840 0 5 25,214 13 2 Tauranga .. .. .. 11,013 0 1 8,980 15 1 2,940 11 9 5,107 8 9 807 0 6 28,848 16 2 30,270 0 11 Tauranga- Taupo .. .. 367 4 4 6,335 11 4 4,591 15 4 918 19 2 421 0 0 12,634 10 2 16,721 16 1 Tihiotonga .. .. .. 27,940 3 7 9,387 6 5 8,905 15 5 11,949 8 0 5,245 7 0 63,428 0 5 22,976 6 11 Tikitere .. .. .. 27,401 8 4 9,830 6 8 2,381 17 10 7,299 18 0 6,430 7 0 53,343 17 10 45,175 15 8 Tokaanu .. .. .. 10,834 15 11 9,814 13 11 3,053 15 10 2,331 14 2 1,670 15 1 27,705 14 11 25,489 14 1 Torere.. .. .. .. 10,905 16 7 4,706 18 5 2,809 9 5 3,696 5 9 250 1 1 22,368 11 3 13,600 6 6 Waewaetutuki .. .. ... .. 1,035 19 11 1,180 14 9 .. .. 2,216 14 8 1,495 7 6 Waihi: Pukawa.. ... .. .. .. 160 13 9 .. .. 160 13 9 Waikato Party (Tikitere) .. 5,036 8 3 4,199 7 10 317 0 5 1,782 3 8 313 0 6 11,648 0 8 15 249 17 1 Wainui.. .. ... .. 1,090 11 7 1,542 13 6 309 1 1 418 11 5 .. 3,360 17 7 1,566 2 8 Waiohau .. ... .. 3,810 8 8 8,350 1 11 4,807 16 3 2,740 8 4 371 1 6 20,079 16 8 18,035 18 5 Waipapa Bush .. .. .. 2,542 6 5 867 11 0 129 14 8 .. 179 18 6 3,719 10 7 532 16 1 Whakatane .. ., .. 272 16 7 360 10 9 641 9 11 790 12 5 37 13 10 2,103 3 6 3,408 2 6 Whakatohea .. .. .. 9,510 11 6 5,018 17 4 3,404 15 4 3,927 13 10 436 9 8 22,298 7 8 22,156 0 0 Whangaparaoa .. ., .. 5,414 0 11 3,028 2 5 286 0 4 2,187 13 0 163 19 9 11,079 16 5 13,172 6 0 Bulk stock, motor-vehicles, &c. .. 252,863 6 7 149 7 0 .. 1,584 9 8 66,389 1 11 320,987 5 2 Or. 30,778 19 9 Totals .. .. .. 725,284 0 6 252,411 17 11 124,209 16 11 130,275 5 11 172,508 18 6 1,404,689 19 9 773,961 8 9

G.—lo,

WAIARIKI DISTRICT— continued. Summarized Receipts and Payments Accounts for Year ended 31st March, 1939.

Payments. Schemes. pins Cash Expenditure, Purchases torn Bulk Net Interest, Total ££2?*! plUS 3u'"h, 1938. i 988 " 39 - and other Schemes. 1938-39. 31st Marct 1939. ( * I £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Arawa .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,899 17 7 1,267 18 780 3 0 156 11 11 8,103 14 2 Brent's Farm .. .. .. .. .. 77,430 13 0 11,855 13 9 2,911 19 2 448 4 11 92,646 10 10 Haparapara .. .. .. .. .. 2,653 19 2 7,962 12 5 1,191 7 5 257 11 9 12,065 10 9 Horohoro — General .. .. .. .. .. 7,956 2 2 359 0 2 2 0 9 157 9 4 8,474 12 5 Haparangi .. .. .. .. .. 4.847 7 4 233 15 2 8 18 0 97 11 4 5,187 11 10 Kapenga 1 .. .. .. .. .. 11,298 6 2 5,494 3 7 4,480 9 11 396 5 6 21,669 5 2 Kapenga 2 ... .... .. . .. .. 10,128 7 9 302 13 4 5,521 6 2 259 7 6 16,211 14 9 Rongomaipapa .. .. .. .. 54,283 18 11 1,404 4 5 2,989 14 9 1,231 7 10 59,909 5 11 Ngati-Tuara .. .. .. .. .. 63,757 10 1 3,420 8 6 3,964 0 3 1,689 2 1 72,831 0 11 Tuhourangi .. .. .. .. .. 33,317 15 7 3,063 17 9 3,408 3 0 1,004 1 6 40,793 17 10 Turanganui .. .. .. .. .. 7,889 10 7 1,276 3 10 1,312 18 11 283 5 0 10,76118 4 Waikaukau .. .. .. .. .. 27,052 0 6 2,672 4 7 5,650 2 7 1,016 19 7 36,391 7 3 TeKaha .. .. .. .. .. 21,189 19 9 8,662 6 11 -838 0 7 641 15 5 31,332 2 8 Korohe.. .. .. .. .. .. 6,113 17 4 6,555 11 2 4,325 16 7 300 3 2 17,295 8 3 MaketuFarm .. .. ... .. .. 55,386 12 1 15,397 6 7 .. 225 5 8 71,009 4 4 Mangatawa (Tauranga) .. .. .. .. 6,518 14 6 4,471 9 11 3,842 17 8 318 1 2 15,151 3 3 Maraenui .. ... .. .. .. 7,734 9 4 2,944 11 2 1,119 0 6 175 10 0 11,973 11 0 Matakana Island.. .. .. .. .. 4,586 3 0 2,240 10 2 476 18 7 121 8 2 7,374 19 11 Matata .. .. ... .. .. .. 7,754 1 6 ! 4,130 3 7 1 1,658 8 8 231 14 3 13,774 8 0 Maungaroa Station .. .. .. .. 8,610 11 9 2,883 19 3 1,578 11 0 453 16 1 13,526 18 1 Motiti Island .. .. .. .. 2,074 0 7 1 53 8 0 I .. 19 13 9 2,147 2 4 Ngapeke (Tauranga) .. .. .. .. 5,937 11 7 12,443 19 2 4,074 1 4 233 2 4 22,688 14 5 Ngatiawa .. .. .. .. .. 58,113 6 9 I 7,371 9 1 975 15 4 1,719 0 0 68,179 11 2 Ngati-Manawa .... .. .. .. .. 19,26110 11 | 12,002 17 11 4,184 15 11 811 10 5 36,260 15 2 Ohuanga (Tokaanu) .. .. .. .. 4,460 14 1 5,858 16 8 2,175 8 0 160 0 4 12,654 19 1 Okataina Bush .. .. .. .. .. 11,142 12 4 4 3 7 .. Cr. 215 3 2 10,931 12 9 Okareka .. .. .. .. .. 9,675 14 3 j 3,385 0 3 2,676 6 2 478 18 2 16,215 18 10 Okere .. .. .. ... .. .. 47,129 6 0 ! 12,619 2 7 9,405 16 8 1,292 12 2 70,446 17 5 Omaio .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 231 13 7 4,143 12 3 1,226 8 11 650 16 3 26,252 11 0 OpapeFarm .. .. .. .. .. 14,433 13 9 856 14 5 I .. 94 13 1 15,385 1 3 Orete .. .. .. .. .. .. 20,174 13 8 2,525 5 10 ! 1,579 8 6 500 8 3 24,779 16 3 Orete 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. ! 13,038 12 7 3,170 18 2 764 10 7 346 12 9 17,320 14 1 Oruanui Bush .. .. .. .. .. 3,746 17 4 7,324 12 4 .. Cr. 148 17 2 10,922 12 6 Parekarangi ... .. .. .. .. 49,656 16 3 1,355 1 1 j 10,960 16 7 1,500 16 10 63,473 10 9 Parekarangi Extension .. .. .. .. 5,809 2 4 1,918 9 3 j 1,057 14 2 186 5 2 8,971 10 11 Peka .. .. .. .. .. .. 18,708 10 2 2,052 8 8 1 4,421 15 0 507 2 7 25,689 16 5 TePiki.. .. .. .. .. 19,732 19 7 4,817 14 10 .. 433 1 10 24,983 16 3

G.—lo.

Potikirua Station .. .. .. .. .. 6 416 18 6 3 8 0 90 16 8 6,511 3 2 Pukaingataru .. .. .. .. .. 4> 125 15 0 857 5 4 105 15 5 108 5 5 5,197 1 2 TePuke .. .. .. 12,543 1 3 4,487 14 2 111 7 6 292 17 5 17,435 0 4 Pukawa Bush .. .. .. .. .. 362 15 4 707 13 6 .. Cr. 11 2 9 1,059 6 1 Pukehma .. .. .. .. .. 2,156 5 9 1,618 8 0 591 2 8 98 2 11 4,463 19 4 Putauaki .. .. .. .. .. 7 >5 22 19 4 11,796 3 10 1,367 9 7 342 6 4 21,028 19 1 Rotoiti .. .. .. .. .. .. 33,776 9 4 5,635 3 4 5,261 14 7 891 19 9 45,565 7 0 Rotorua Nursery .. .. .. .. 7,742 g 0 1,467 9 0 194 2 11 Cr. 81 12 11 9,322 7 0 Ruamata .. .. .. .. .. 58 0 2 .. .. 0 17 7 58 17 9 Ruatahuna .. .. .. .. .. 25,017 10 1 5,603 0 10 1,484 8-6 652 15 3 32,757 14 8 Ruatoki .. .. .. .. .. 109,948 14 1 31,161 13 1 3,021 4 4 3,221 13 6 147,353 5 0 Taheke .. .. .. .. .. .. 42,377 19 4 9,402 15 9 6,221 16 7 1,052 111 59,054 13 7 Tauranga .. .. .. .. .. 40,307 6 5 9.666 8 7 7,965 10 5 1,179 11 8 59,118 17 1 Tauranga-Taupo .. .. .. .. .. 13,088 11 7 9,836 11 11 5,821 6 0 609 16 9 29,356 6 3 Tihiotonga .. .. .. .. .. 49,636 0 4 22,941 7 6 12,897 8 5 929 11 1 86,404 7 4 Tikitere.. .. .. .. .. .. 78,125 1 9 9,232 18 11 9,070 16 4 2,090 16 6 98,519 13 6 Tokaanu .. .. .. .. .. 43,952 6 4 8,021 6 2 31 5 11 1,190 10 7 53,195 9 0 Torere .. .. .. .. .. .. 25,580 0 5 9,213 13 7 560 10 2 614 13 7 35,968 17 9 Waewaetutuki .. .. .. .. .. 1,484 13 3 1,463 9 2 711 18 7 52 1 2 3,712 2 2 Waihi: Pukawa .. .. .. .. .. 160 13 9 .. .. 160 13 9 Waikato Party (Tikitere) .. .. .. .. 23,809 11 10 1,496 14 0 910 16 1 680 15 10 26,897 17 9 Wainui .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,643 15 6 1,160 16 3 53 19 7 68 8 11 4,927 0 3 Waiohau .. .. .. .. .. 23,002 10 6 12,001 15 2 2,347 8 3 764 1 2 38,115 15 1 Waipapa Bush .. .. .. .. .. 4,023 7 9 203 11 10 .. 25 7 1 4,252 6 8 Whakatane .. .. .. .. .. 1,520 5 10 3,189 8 3 686 17 5 114 14 6 5,511 6 0 Whakatohea .. .. .. .. .. 26,827 14 2 9,523 6 5 7,197 0 9 906 6 4 44,454 7 8 Whangaparaoa .. .. .. .. .. 21,724 1 7 1,575 14 10 279 0 11 673 5 1 24,252 2 5 Bulk stock, motor-vehicles, &o. .. .. .. 227,906 0 1 56,528 5 8 7,204 9 10 Cr. 1,431 10 2 290,207 5 5 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 1,577,950 18 10 403,871 19 4 163,664 13 5 33,163 16 11 2,178,651 8 6

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TAIRAWHITI MAORI LAND DISTRICT. This district extends from Hicks Bay to the Mohaka River, and embraces wide areas of fertile Native lands in the counties of Matakaoa, Waiapu, Uawa, Waikohu, Cook, and the greater part of Wdl The number of schemes in the district on which development work is in progress is now thirteen, an increase of two over the previous year, and on two of the newer undertakings—Wharekahika and Mahia—which together cover an area of 17,000 acres, rapid progress has been made. The former, with an area of 13,000 acres located in the Matakaoa County, is comprised of easy-lying to steep country parts of which have reverted badly to second growth. The latter scheme is located on the Mahia Peninsula and consists of flat to undulating land. These two extremes, to some extent, illustrate the varied nature of the problems that confront the Department's efforts to bring Tairawhiti Und The t0 heavy'floods of April, 1938, which affected practically the whole district from Mohaka to Te Araroa, caused extensive damage by slipping and erosion and resulted in considerable losses of fencing pasture and live-stock. The progress of development was severely retarded, and although rehabilitation work is still being carried out a great deal still remians to be done, but it is hoped that by next summer the pastures will be back to normal. A phenomenally wet winter was followed by a very dry summer, and on most schemes production has decreased as drought conditions set in early in the season. The calving percentages averaged less than 75 per cent over the various dairy herds. Weather conditions militated against the usual programme of conservation of crops for winter feed, and the poor growth resulted in very little hay being saved. Supervisors arc taking special measures to cope with the threatened shortage, but stock losses appear to be inevitable during the coming winter nn/w , lt , , , , Although the total butterfat returns have increased by 23,000 lb., and more herds were milked, the fact that the average butterfat production per cow decreased, bears out the assertion that the Maori dairy-farmers in this district have experienced perhaps the worst season for many years Sheep suffered from facial eczema in the northern area, which resulted m poor lambing and high mortality amongst ewes and hoggets. Lower prices for wool and surplus stock have also combined to give diminished returns from sheep-farming operations. _ The pig-club movement is growing amongst Maori farmers, and already there are lour clubs in the Tikitiki area the members of which are all Native settlers. More piggeries are being established as conditions permit. Scientific pig-farming requires special care and knowledge and imposes additional dUtl ThT provision^of' tree shelter-belts has proceeded, and 30,000 seedlings were planted on various Twentv-seven new houses were erected on lands under development, and extensive renovations and repairs carried out on seventeen existing dwellings. The total number of new dwellings built since the inception of the development legislation is now 126, but before the present settlers are properly housed 110 more new houses and reconstructions will be necessary. Sixteen cow-sheds were built, the total now being 143, but 65 more new sheds are still needed. ' Employment promotion has been maintained, and all available workers were kept steadily occupied Public-works projects and main-highways undertakings have decreased the number ot mCn Wth a the rapid growth of Native land development schemes in the northern Tairawhiti district, the existing scheme nomenclature has been found unsuitable. The title " Waiapu-Matakaoa scheme will be superseded as from the Ist April, 1939. Thereafter all lands m the north-western portion of the Matakaoa County will come under the " Wharekahika scheme,» the south-eastern portion of the county will be included in the newly constituted "Te Araroa development scheme, and from there southward, including the Tikitiki and Tikapa Blocks, the name Waiapu development scheme will be given. Te Araroa. The new Te Araroa Scheme, including all land in the south-eastern portion of the Matakaoa County at present comprises the recently gazetted Marangairoa 2c Block of 300 acres. This block consists of hilly country suitable for sheep-farming, and when scrub has been cleared and th property fully fenced and stocked it will support the present settler. A few sheep are running on the place at present. Kahungunu. Situated south of Mohaka, this scheme comprises 8,230 acres, of which 1,568 acres have been developed and occupied by settlers, the balance consisting mostly of fern and scrub. The country is Undulating and the soil is mainly of medium-quality loam, but responds to top-dressing and careful man Durinfthe year 230 acres were put down in grass, and further developmental improvements consisted of 68 acres of clearing, 519 chains of fencing, and 69 acres of other cultivations.

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There are eleven settlers and fifteen labourers on the scheme, who support seventy-seven dependants. The developed areas are all in farms, and herds are being built up. Butterfat-produotion amounted to 15,272 lb., which represents an increase of 50 per cent, over last year's return. Housing conditions are good, and during the period under review three cottages, a cow-shed, and a wool-shed were erected. Live-stock tallies at 31st March, 1939, were 142 milking-cows, 79 other dairy stock, 1,070 breeding-ewes, and 299 dry sheep. Mahia. This scheme is located in the north-eastern portion of the Mahia Peninsula, and comprises an area of 3,811 acres, of which 3,145 acres have been developed and occupied by settlers, the balance of 666 acres being suitable for further development. Development has proceeded reasonably well, and thirteen settlers are in occupation, who, with fifty-three labourers, support a total of 149 dependants. The eight settlers on the low-lying flats are making good progress, and the planting of 113 acres of marram-grass has arrested sand encroachment on the 1,000-acre Kaiwaitau sand-dune block. Previously these properties, all potentially valuable dairying areas, were rapidly becoming converted into sandy wastes. An area of 200 acres of barley was cropped with the object of eliminating the extensive growth of blackberry and fern, and a payable harvest was secured. A total of 5,200 posts, 15,000 battens, and 273 strainers was split on the scheme for fencing requirements, and other activities during the year included 405 acres of clearing, 561 chains of fencing, 103 chains of draining, and 334 acres of grassing. Live-stock tallies at 31st March were 167 milking-cows, 89 other dairy stock, and 713 dry sheep. Mohaka. Located on the East Coast Main Highway twenty-six miles south of Wairoa, this scheme comprises 19,709 acres, of which 13,098 acres have been developed and occupied by settlers. Approximately 4,000 acres are suitable for further development. Floods in April, 1938, caused considerable damage, heavy , slips occurred, and several miles of fencing were destroyed. A great deal of rehabilitation work has since been carried out. Despite these setbacks and the dry season experienced, the butterfat return of 93,070 lb. showed an increase of 7,000 lb. over last year's return. The completion of water-supplies no doubt assisted to bring about this result. Owing to the light nature of the soil, the progress of development is not rapid, and it is only by continued top-dressing and intensive cultivation that the property will be made capable of supporting the settlers. Including thirty workers and sixty settlers, the scheme supported 412 people. Live-stock at 31st March, 1939, totalled 996 milking-cows, 401 other dairy stock, 216 run cattle, 5,700 breeding-ewes, 1,358 dry sheep, and 71 working-horses. Five new dwellings and four cow-§heds were completed during the year. Nuhaka. This is a small holding of 39 acres near Nuhaka, on which very little development work has yet been undertaken. Poroporo. The Poroporo Scheme, of 2,604 acres, comprises ten dairy-farms situated on the Whenuakura Flats between Ruatoria and Tikitiki, and the Uruahi sheep-station, a block of 2,103 acres between the Mangaoporo and Poroporo Eivers. Despite the dry season experienced the dairy-farmers have made satisfactory progress, but the adverse conditions have prevented the saving of sufficient feed for the winter. Improvements effected during the year include 360 chains of fencing and the grassing of 91 acres. Stock tallies at the 31st March last were 215 milking-cows, 65 other dairy stock, 554 run cattle, 2,054 breeding-ewes, and 1,391 dry sheep. The farming policy adopted at Uruahi has produced a good-quality flock, and the station is now selling good five-year breeding-ewes annually. The wool-clip for the year was 98 bales. During the year under review the owners received their first distribution of profits. This block is comparatively easy country of good class land with soil of a light loamy nature. Rotokautuku. Situated about two miles from Ruatoria, this is a small scheme which comprises 52 acres, which are all in pasture. During the year 160 chains of fencing were completed and 5 acres put down in other cultivations. When finally developed it should carry 20 cows. Takatahu. This is a small scheme of two dairy-farms of 258 acres and 160 acres, situated near Te Araroa. Both areas are farmed individually, and, considering the hard and wet winter experienced, the butterfat return was satisfactory. The herds arc being improved, and other dairy-farms under neighbouring scheme are being supplied with a good class of heifer bred on Takatahu. It is hoped that dairy requirements for the Matakaoa County schemes will be met from this source as surplus stock is available. Including relief workers, the scheme supported thirty-eight persons during last year. The stock tallies include 128 milking-cows, 69 other dairy stock, and 133 breeding-ewes.

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Tuparoa. This is a covering scheme comprising Whareponga sheep-station, and fourteen farms situated a few miles south of the Town of Ruatoria. Whareponga Station, which originally comprised 5,152 acres, has been subdivided, and 2,284 acres have been set aside for the purpose of establishing some of the owners on small farms. The balance of 2,868 acres is being farmed as a sheep-station, and is stocked with 3,400 sheep and 272 head of cattle. The individual holdings comprise nine dairy-farms, which are slowly improving ; three sheep-farms, which are showing more rapid progress ; and two properties not yet developed. The settlers, together with labourers employed during the year, support seventy dependants. Stock tallies at 31st March were 264 milking cows and 86 other dairy stock. Improvements effected during the year on the whole scheme included 760 chains of fencing, 24 chains of roading, and the grassing of 50 acres. Waiapu-Matakaoa. Situated in the northern Waiapu district, this " blanket " scheme, which is the centre of a large Native population, has brought under development the lands of the Ngatiporou people, and consists of a number of small blocks in nowise connected except that, for convenience of management, they are grouped together. The holdings aggregate an area of 14,008 acres grouped geographically into five series—viz., Hahau, Hinetiraha, Pohooterangi, Tikitiki, and Herupara. There are eighty-two settlers on the entire schcme, the majority of whom are moderately established, and these with 225 labourers support 606 dependants. A large amount of flood rehabilitation work was undertaken during the year, but a great deal still remains to be done. Owing to the lack of feed last winter due to flood damage, and as a result of the very dry summer experienced, dairying operations were adversely affected. From the Ist April, 1.939, this scheme will be divided and renamed ; the southern portion will be named the " Tikitiki scheme," the south-eastern portion oi Matakaoa the " Te Araroa scheme," and the balance the " Wliarekahika schcme." The following were the stock figures at 31st March, 1939 : 1,844 milking-cows, 564 other dairy stock, 387 run cattle, 2,669 breeding-ewes, 2,515 dry sheep, and 240 working-horses. The butterfat returns for the year totalled 149,023 lb. During the year 235 acres were cleared, 461 acres were grassed, and 166 acres of other cultivations were completed. Other activities included 4,502 chains of fencing, 138 chains of draining, 35 chains of roading, and the erection of twelve cottages and two cow-sheds. Waihua. This was formerly Crown land property known as Ngamahanga, which was handed over for development in 1933. It contains 4,300 acres, situated twenty miles on the Napier side of Wairoa, and is farmed as a sheep-station. The usual progress has been maintained during the past year, but floods in April, 1938, caused extremely heavy slipping and destroyed three miles of fencing, while bush fires destroyed an additional mile of fence-line, and a number of sheep were also lost. Returns this year are lower owing to the general decline in prices. The station is at present running 2,766 breeding-ewes, 4,265 dry sheep, and 4-43 head of cattle. An area of 740 acres was cleared, 40 acres were grassed, and 133 acres were put down in other cultivations during the year. Wharekahika. Wliarekahika is situated eight miles from Cape Runaway and comprises forty farms and three sub-schemes —Pipituangi, Matakaoa, and Marangairoa—each under a Maori manager. It embraces an area of 13,236 acres, and although it is a new scheme and the country, generally speaking, is of a hilly nature, the farms are in a reasonably sound position. Steady progress has been maintained with the work, but the scarcity of skilled labour has been a retarding factor and much still remains to be done. The programme set out in last year's report has been carried out, and this has resulted in the erection of 2,180 chains of boundary and road fences. Other improvements effected were 869 acres of clearing, 460 chains of draining, 1,078 acres were put down in new pastures, and 7 cow-sheds were erected. Housing conditions are not good, but a building programme is being pursued, and this has resulted in the erection of seven new dwellings. The policy is to establish good dairy herds and sheep flocks on this scheme. At present the property is carrying 626 milking-cows, 231 other dairy stock, 1,235 run cattle, 6,082 breeding-ewes, 5,543 dry sheep, and 45 working-horses. There are forty settlers at present established on the scheme who, with forty-eight labourers, support 440 dependants. From Ist April, 1939, Pipituangi and Marangairoa Blocks will become part of the Te Araroa development scheme. Whareongaonga. This small new scheme of 494 acres, located twenty miles south of Gisborne, comprises fairly hard hilly country. Before development the entire area was covered with heavy scrub and blackberry, but 337 acres have since been cleared, the property has been ring-fenced, and 420 acres of new pasture laid down. The property is carrying 381 dry sheep and 89 head of cattle.

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STATISTICAL DATA ON TAIRAWHITI SCHEMES (SCHEME AND UNIT).

7 —G. 10.

Particulars. ArSoa. » Mohaka " ' Nnhaka. ; Poroporo. | Takatalm. | Tuparoa. | ZlSl. Waihua ' j taUto! j Totals - 1. Date first gazetted .. .. ..Date Feb., 1939 Sept., 1933 Feb., 1937 Jan., 1930 June, 1938 Jan., 1930 Jan., 1938 May, 1930 Mar., 1931 June, 1931 Sept., 1933 July, 1937 Jan., 1938 2. Number of schemes .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. 13 Gazetted to date .. ..Acres 300 8,230 3,811 19,709 39 2,604 52 418 10.192 14,008 4,300 13,236 494 77,393 Developed to date .. .. Acres 300 1,568 3,145 13,098 39 2,604 52 418 7,614 11,161 4,150 12,585 474 57,208 Occupied by settlers .. ..Acres 300 1,568 3,145 13,098 39 2,604 52 418 7,614 11,161 4,130 12,585 .. 56,714 Suitable for further development .. Acres .. 2,500 665 4,000 .. .. .. .. 495 1,200 150 651 20 9,681 4. Number of— Settlers .. .. .. .. Number 1 11 13 60 1 10 1 2 14 82 .. 40 .. 235 Additional labourers .. .. Number 3 15 53 30 27 3 8 12 225 10 -48 4 438 Dependants (wives, children, &c.) .. Number 12 77 149 322 3 72 14 28 70 606 2 440 .. 1,795 Total dependants .. .. Number 16 103- 215 412 4 109 18 38 96 913 12 528 4 2,468 5. Number of E.P. workers (included above) Number 3 15 52 28 .... 2 11 20 221 6 45 4 407 6. Number of E.P. workers engaged on private Native lands .. .. Number .. .. 44 10 .. 13 2 .. 26 30 .. 136 21 282 7. Live-stock — Cows milked during season .. Number .. 142 167 996 12 215 .. 128 264 1,844 .. 626 .. 4,394 Other dairy stock .. .. Number .. 79 89 401 .. 65 .. 69 86 564 .. 231 .. 1,584 Hun cattle .. .. .. Number .. .. .. 216 .. 554 .. .. 272 387 443 1,235 89 3,196 Ewes: Breeding.. .. ... Number 30 1,070 .. 5,700 .. 2,054 .. 133 2,161 2,669 2,766 6,082 .. 22,665 Dry sheep .. .. .. Number 200 299 713 1,358 .. 1,391 .. 11 1,248 2,515 4,265 5,543 381 17,924 Horses: Working .. .. Number .. 9 19 71 2 20 1 3 240 9 45 .. 419 8. Receipts — Butterfat — Poundage .. .. .. lb. .. 15,272 2,801 93,070 .. 19,649 .. 16,673 14,086 149.023 .. 44,352 .. 354,926 Total cash proceeds .. .. £ .. 916 176 5,670 .. 1,192 .. 1,010 861 8,961 .. 2.550 .. 21,336 Department's proportion .. £ .. 315 104 2,208 .. 368 .. 817 341 3,038 .. 757 .. 7,948 W ool — Bales .. .. .. .. Number .. 12 .. 39 .. 98 .. 3 122 71 53 162 .. 560 Total net proceeds .. .. £ .. 135 .. 420 .. 1,146 .. 30 1,452 2,146 641 284 .. 6,254 Live-stock sales .. .. .. £ .. 195 173 638 .. 1,821 .. 85 980 1,030 3,452 885 .. 9,259 Crops and sundries .. .. £ .. 54 20 51 .. 354 .. 42 4,042 146 37 55 12 4,813 Bulk sundries .. .. £ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ., .. .. .. .. 1,091 Total cash to Department .. £ .. 699 297 3,317 .. 3,689 .. 974 6,815 6,360 4,130 1,981 12 28,274 9. Year's activities — Bush felling and clearing .. .. Acres .. 68 405 550 .. .. .. 12 .. 235 740 869 337 3,216 Fencing: New .. .. .. Chains 40 519 561 726 .. 360 160 120 760 4,502 .. 2,180 158 10^086 Draining: New .. .. .. Chains .. .. 103 70 .. .. .. 50 .. 138 .. 460 .. 821 Grassing: New .. .. .. Acres .. 230 334 276 .. 91 .. 22 50 461 40 1,078 420 3,002 Other cultivations: New .. .. Acres .. 69 219 140 .. .. 5 5 .. 166 133 35 .. 772 Boading: New .. .. .. Chains .. .. 70 125 .. .. .. 6 24 35 .. .. .. 260 Cottages erected — New V. "71" " .. Number .. 3 .. 5 ■ .. .. .. .. 12 .. 7 .. 27 To date .. .. .. Number .. 10 53 . . 6 .. 2 3 44 > , 8 .. 126 Cow-sheds erected— New .. .. .. .. Number .. 1 1 4 .. .. .. .. 1 2 . ; 7 .. 16 To date .. .. .. Number .. 8 1 57 .. 6 .. 2 6 52 .. 11 .. 143 Other buildings — New .. .. .. .. Number .. 1 1 1 .. .. .. . 1 2 .. 3 .. 9 To date .. .. .. Number .. 1 2 1 .. .. .. 1 .. 2 1 1 4 .. 12

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TAIRAWHITI DISTRICT. Summarized Receipts and Payments Accounts for the Year ended 31st March, 1939.

Receipts. Srhemps Employment Promotion Subsidies. m . , t,„ - Eeceipts, excluding Cash Collections, Sales to N et Liability Employment Grants, Scheme Produce, other t as at to 31st March, 1938. Total to i Q qs_<>q 1938-39. Schemes. qw ,mo 31st March, 1939. 31st March, 1938. 1938-39. 31st March, 1939. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Kahungunu .. .. .. 9,920 5 11 2,986 0 8 1,017 4 6 699 10 1 431 18 1 15,054 19 3 16,034 6 2 Mahia .. .. .. .. 72 9 2 1,614 2 1 2,866 17 3 296 11 10 1,470 5 5 6,320 5 9 3,432 6 2 Mohaka .. .. .. 26,644 8 4 9,445 2 4 3,776 17 6 3,316 6 10 519 10 8 43,702 5 8 50,473 18 11 Nuhaka ...... .. .. .. .. 42 9 2 Poroporo .. .. .. 24,628 11 4 1,126 12 6 660 19 11 3,688 14 10 1,269 12 9 31,374 11 4 5,356 14 3 Putorino Nursery .. .. 1,104 19 2 79 2 6 .. .. 2,171 2 3 3,355 3 11 Takatahu .. .. .. 4,944 5 7 466 10 0 452 4 9 973 14 1 172 12 9 7,009 7 2 4,169 3 3 Tuparoa .. .. .. 50,703 19 10 2,091 1 2 735 7 9 6,815 9 3 541 11 4 60,887 9 4 12,406 2 1 Waiapu-Matakaoa .. .. 42,494 7 10 10,373 3 11 5,713 15 3 4,129 16 7 9,089 11 5 71,800 15 0 42 159 3 8 Waihua .. .. .. 37,614 2 11 1,048 2 4 730 1 10 6,360 8 1 817 19 0 46,570 14 2 15,835 16 3 Wharekahika .. .. .. 4,299 16 7 411 19 0 7,405 17 1 1,981 18 9 4,725 18 8 18,825 10 1 25,251 2 3 Whareongaonga .. .. .. .. 41 0 10 712 12 11 11 12 7 272 1 4 ] ,037 7 8 945 18 2 Bulk stock, &c. .. .. .. 115,227 6 8 2,376 13 4 .. 1,091 0 3 40,402 15 2 159,097 15 5 3,468 6 1 Totals.. .. .. 317,654 13 4 32,059 10 8 24,071 18 9 29,365 3 2 61,884 18 10 465,036 4 9 179,575 6 5 Payments. Schemes. Expenditure, plus „ . Purchases from „ , Tri , Total Expenditure, Interest, to 0asl1 l^T 01 ®' Bulk and other ' plus Interest, to 31st March, 1938. 1938-39. Schemes. 1938-39. 8^ st March; 1939 _ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s.. d. £ s. d. Kahungunu .. .. .. .. .. 26.073 18 1 1,425 16 4 2,815 5 4 774 5 8 31,089 5 5 Mahia .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,693 0 7 3,161 7 4 3,793 19 7 104 4 5 9,752 11 11 Mohaka .. .. .. .. .. 79,692 3 1 5,024 3 1 7,047 11 5 2,412 7 0 94,176 4 7 Nuhaka.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 42 00 092 42 92 Poroporo .. .. .. .. .. 32,074 1 1 3,490 6 3 903 19 0 262 19 3 36,731 5 7 Putorino Nursery .. .. .. .. 3,355 3 11 .. .. .. 3,355 3 11 Takatahu .. .. .. .. .. 9,508 16 0 944 14 2 552 3 10 172 16 5 11,178 10 5 Tuparoa .. .. .. .. .. 54,676 3 11 14,097 3 7 3,926 6 0 593 17 11 73,293 11 5 Waiapu-Matakaoa .. .. .. .. 94,382 7 11 7,904 13 9 9,780 18 6 1,891 18 6 113,959 18 8 Waihua .. .. .. .. .. 53,304 2 3 4,764 6 8 3,535 0 4 803 1 2 62,406 10 5 Wharekahika .. .. .. .. .. 8,693 2 0 13,823 19 7 20,689 11 7 869 19 2 44,076 12 4 Whareongaonga .. .. .. .. .. 85 3 3 1,089 3 10 777 15 11 31 2 10 l'983 5 10 Bulk purchases .. .. .. .. .. 119,275 4 9 40,512 19 7 2,583 8 5 194 8 9 162,566 1 6 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 483,813 6 10 96,238 14 2 56,447 19 11 8,111 10 3 644,611 11 2

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AOTEA MAORI LAND DISTRICT. The boundaries of this district, which takes in nearly the whole of Taranaki and a considerable portion of the Wellington Province, encircle the tribal lands of the Ngati-Hau, Whanganui, Nga-Rauru, Ngati-Ruanui, Taranaki, Ati-Awa, and Ngati-Tama people. •Native land development on a small scale is under way in Taranaki, where seven schemes have been gazetted, on six of which work is proceeding. Many other sections owned or occupied by Maoris in different localities are awaiting investigation, and it is expected that when the nature and extent of the work being done on scheme areas becomes better known still more owners will be glad to place their holdings under the Department's control and supervision. In the remaining portion of the district, development work is proceeding smoothly. It is not possible at present to handle some of the very isolated sections of land offered, and they will have to await a more favourable opportunity. Apart from the larger undertakings—Ranana, Manunui, and Reureu—there are five small schemes in this area, and it is expected that these will form the nuclei of much larger projects in the very near future. Concrete-post making was undertaken on several schemes and during the year over twelve thousand posts were manufactured, the cost comparing very favourably with totara posts. One very pleasing feature concerning the financial aspect of the developmental policy in this district is that the amount of interest outstanding is negligible. This speaks volumes for the productivity of the various lands and the energy displayed by the various settlers. Generally speaking, the benefits of the land policy are becoming better known, but much yet remains to be done in acquainting the many Native settlers in scattered communities with the advantages of placing their lands under the segis of the Department. However, progress is being made, and a further extension of the work can be anticipated. The following are brief particulars of the land settlement schemes in progress in this district. Arainoho. This area, comprising an area of 109 acres, and gazetted in October, 1938, is situated within a city boundary and is served by a municipal tramway service. The land is mainly rolling country, with some steep faces, and a small patch of bush. When taken over by the Department the whole area was heavily infested with gorse and weeds, but clearing is in progress, and it is expected that the section will be in pasture within the next year. No stock has yet been put on the cleared portion, but sheep will be grazed during the coming season. The settler is an elderly man, but is quite capable of making a success of his holding. The project supported twenty-one persons. Manunui. Covering an area of 21,214 acres, this scheme is the largest in the Aotea district. Commencing at Manunui, about four miles south of Taumarunui, it runs east for a distance of about seventeen miles. A large area is under bush, both virgin and second growth, and this is being cleared at the rate of 1,000 acres annually. There are large tracts of flat to rolling country, and when cleared practically the whole area will be ploughable. Details of the work undertaken during the year are given in the tables. Accommodation for workers is particularly good, twenty huts having been either erected or acquired from ex timber-mill workers. Most of these houses are now occupied, and the remainder, after slight repairs have been effected, will be ready for occupation shortly. There has been difficulty in obtaining sufficient labour to keep up with the development programme laid down, but with the release of men from county works it is anticipated that the accommodation available will be filled. This scheme is particularly fortunate in that it is within a few miles of the Main Trunk Railway ; it is traversed by good metalled roads, one of which is the new Taumarunui-Tokaanu main highway still under construction ; and there is a good school within a very short distance of the main camp. The workers are therefore contended with their lot, and are quite settled and happy in their new surroundings. Great progress has been made since inception, but much work still lies ahead. There are many thousands of acres of Native land adjoining the scheme area which will, no doubt, be brought under departmental control in due course and provide work for many years to come. There is reason to believe that all these lands when developed will show satisfactory returns. As at 31st March, 1939, the scheme was carrying 3,671 breeding-ewes, 3,178 dry sheep, 11 cows, and 969 run cattle. Ranana. This scheme, gazetted in April, 1930, was the first to be undertaken in the Aotea district. Adjoining the well-known Morikau station, of which it originally formed a part, the scheme comprises an area of 4,516 acres, on which there are 25 farmers, who, together with 45 labourers and their families, make a total of 251 persons dependent on the project. Development costs have been heavy, but this expenditure has been amply justified, and practically all settlers are now in a reasonably sound position financially. Most of them are now

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reasonably well housed, and the dairy returns are showing increases over previous years. Ragwort is no longer a menace, and blackberry and gorse are rapidly disappearing. It is confidently anticipated that within the next year or so the noxious-weeds problem on the occupied areas will be well under control. The live-stock tally comprised 380 cows, 338 other dairy stock, 85 run cattle, and 5,235 sheep. Reureu. The first sections in this scheme, situated about seven miles from Halcombe Railway-station, were gazetted in January, 1938, but since then various other blocks have been included, the total area now being 456 acres. The land is mostly rich river-flats, with some undulating country, and when cleared, ploughed, and grassed should have a high carrying-capacity. The river protection works constructed during the previous year have proved most effective in preventing erosion, but some work still requires to be done to make the area completely secure. There are six settlers established, and the work of clearing their sections, building houses and milking-sheds, ploughing, and draining is well under way. This is a particularly good property, and the returns are already indicative of an excellentfuture. The scheme supports eighty-eight persons, including eighteen labourers. The live-stock tally was as follows : 105 cows, 4.9 other dairy stock, and 16 working-horses. Taihape. Gazetted in May, 1938, and containing an area of 211 acres, this area is situated over three miles from Ohingaiti. Prior to being brought under development this land was leased to a European, and when handed back to the Native owners it was in poor condition, the pastures being completely worn out and the fences in disrepair. Sixty acres of scrub have been cleared during the year and 60 chains of new boundary fence erected, while 40 acres of old pasture have been resown. The settler is a young and keen Native who is milking 27 cows and running 497 sheep and 13 other dairy stock. The scheme supports ten persons. Whangaehu. Work on this scheme, comprising a total area of 367 acres, and situated five miles from Whangaehu Railway-station, is progressing steadily, and much in the way of draining, clearing, the sowing of pasture, and fencing has been done, the details of which are shown in the tables annexed. The returns for the year from the areas developed are particularly good, one settler averaging £18 per cow for the season. The whole of the property is of good quality, and with careful management and judicious attention to stock a very productive and successful future is assured. The scheme supports a total population of forty-three, consisting of three settlers, eight labourers, and thirty-two dependants. Thirty-five cows, 28 other dairy stock, 780 breeding-ewes, and 65 dry sheep were on the property at 31st March, 1939. Other Schemes. Mangaweka.—Situated one mile from Mangaweka Railway-station, this scheme comprises a total area of 44 acres. The work of clearing this property has now been completed, and the settler, who is milking nineteen cows, is well established. He has made an excellent start and is particularly keen. Oaonui. —Comprising an area of 189 acres, this property is situated two miles from Oaouui. Both settlers are now in occupation of almost fully developed land, and the butterfat production has more than doubled during the current season. New houses and cow-sheds have been erected, and both the settlers show indications of becoming successful dairy-farmers. The scheme is carrying fortyeight cows and seventeen other dairy stock. Ohinepuhiawe.—Located half a mile from Bulls Township, this farm comprises a total area of 96 acres. Development has practically been completed and both settlers are progressing favourably. The combined herds total thirty-two cows. Okaiawa. —Comprising a total area of 60 acres and situated two miles from Okaiawa Township, this area is now fully developed and running a good-quality herd of forty-one cows. Under supervision it should become a first-class farm. Opunake. —This area is three miles from Opunake and adjoins the Waiteika railway-siding. Practically the whole area of 158 acres is now fully developed, and apart from subdivisional fencing very little further capital expenditure will be required. The one settler is milking forty-five cows and running seventeen other dairy stock. Patea. —On this property of 37 acres, situated three miles from Patea, no capital expenditure was incurred during the past year. The one settler is milking a herd of thirty-eight, cows. PiJiama.—Embracing a total area of 601 acres, this scheme is situated about eight miles from the Opunake Railway-station. No work has been done on this area, and it is possible that the Proclamation bringing the land under the provisions of Part I of the Act may have to be cancelled. Pungarehu. —Containing 22 acres, this area was gazetted in October, 1938. It is situated about one mile from Pungarehu Township and dairy-factory. The land is flat to undulating, and has now been completely cleaned up and sown in permanent grasses. A cow-shed has been built, and a cottage is in the course of erection. Tikorangi. —Situated five miles from Waitara, this area comprises a total of 117 acres, all of which is now almost fully developed. Both settlers, who are milking a total of fifty-six cows, have good farms. Production is increasing, and there is every prospect of the venture being a success.

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STATISTICAL DATA ON AOTEA SCHEMES (SCHEME AND UNIT).

I I ! I I I i ill Particulars. j Aramoho. Mangawekaj Manuam. i Oaonui. puhfawe Okaiawa. ! Opimake. Patea. Pihama. Pungarehu. Ranana. Beureu. Taihape. (Tikorangi. Whangaehuj Totals. 1. Date first gazetted or acquired . . Date Oct., 1938 Jan., 1938 July, 1937 Aug., 1937. Oct., 1933 Aug., 1937 July, 1937 Sept., 1937 Mar., 1938 Oct., 1938 April, 193o! Jan., 1938 May, 1938 Jan., 1938 June, 1937 2. Number of schemes .. .. .. Number .... i 3. AreaGazetted to date .. .. Area 109 44 21,214 189 96 60 158 37 601 22 4,816 456 211 117 367 28,197 Developed to date .. .. Area 60 44 2,645 189 96 60 158 37 .. 22 3,868 300 150 115 267 8 011 Occupied by settlers ..Area 95 44 3,278 189 96 60 158 37 601 22 3,101 346 211 115 367 8,723 Suitable for further development Area 14 .. 18,532 .. .. .. .. .. 601 .. 630 110 .. .. 100 19 987 4. Number of — Settlers .. .. .. Number 1 1 10 221 1 1 1 1 25 6 1 23 58 Additional labourers .. .. Number 4 2 76 11 7 3 8 .. 5 45 18 3 8 8 198 Dependants (wives, children, &c.) Number 16 13 173 9 26 15 34 7 3 19 181 64 6 29 32 627 Total dependants .. .. Number 21 16 259 22 35 19 43 8 4 25 251 88 10 39 43 883 5. Number of E.P. workers (included above) Number 4 2 76 7 7 3 7.. .. 5 45 16 3 8 8 191 6. Number of E.P. workers engaged on Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. _ 95 private Native lands 7. Live-stock — Cows milked during season .. Number .. 19 11 48 32 41 45 38 .. .. 380 105 27 56 35 837 Other dairy stock .. .. Number .. 2 4 17 8 6 17 6 . . 338 49 13 11 28 499 Run cattle .. .. .. Number .. .. 969 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 85 .. .. .. 1 054 Ewes: Breeding .. ..Number .. .. 3,671 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,075 .. 226 .. *780 9^752 Dry sheep .. ..Number .. .. 3,178 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 160 .. 271 .. 65 3.674 Horses: Working .. .. Number .. 2 40 4 3 3 4 3 .. 85 16 2 4 3 169 8. Receipts — Butterfat — Poundage .. .. Lb. .. 3,410 2,008 7,176 4,854 5,911 7,751 7,380 .. .. 59,306 8,664 4,167 10,589 9,331 130,547 Department s proportion .. £ 51 32 175 101 150 293 129 .. 2,803 207 67 188 194 4 390 Total cash proceeds .. .. £ 153 97 534 321 502 567 387 .. .. 3,812 422 156 565 580 Wool — Bales .. .. .. Number .... 63 ...... .. 77 5 9 154 Department's proportion .. £ .. .. 823 .. .. .. .. .. 1,008 .. 55 .. 116 2 002 Live-stock sate .. .. £ .. .. 1,573 .. .. 53 5 .. .. .. 3,638 121 34 243 5'667 Crops and sundries .. .. £ .. 305 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. 165 52 .. 8 23 555 Total cash to Department .. £ .. 51 2,733 177 101 203 298 129 .. .. 7,614 259 243 230 576 12,614 Year's activities— BushfeUing and clearing .. ..Acres 32 .. 1,868 147 7 32 48 .. 4 285 40 60 32 32 2 587 Fencing: New .. .. .. Chains 52 10 1,328 105 15 130 90 .. .. 44 360 135 60 163 112 2 604 Draining: New .. .. Cnains .. 20 107 145 35 110 .. 9 25 6 11 40 508 Grassing : New . . .. ..Acres .. .. 1,666 142 .. 75 68 .. .. 20 140 25 40 44 70 2,290 Other cultivations: New .. Acres .. .. 294 7 3 140 12 9 10 475 Eoading: New .. .. Chains .. .. 1,033 45 .. 20 .. .. !! " 96 15 " 6 .. 38 1,253 Water-supply: New .. .. Number .. 11.. Ill 1 q 1219 Cottages erected— " " " New .. .. .. Number .. 1 2 1.. .. .. .. 4 2 1 1 113 To date .. .. .. Number .. 1 2 2 2 1 1 !. !! !* 27 2 1 1 2 42 Cow-sheds — New .. .. .. Number ..1..1..1 2 117 To date .. .. .. Number .. 1 .. 2 1 1 1 " " "5 2 " 1 1 15 Other buildings— " New .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .... .. 1 .. 1 To date .. .. .. Number .. .. 1 .. .. '. 2 .! !. .. 2 !! 5 Hutments — New .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. To date .. .. .. Number .. .. 20 . . .. .. '" *' ' * "" !! " 1 21 Cottages acquired by lease, &c. .. Number .. .. 20 I " !. " * j *' i * " 20

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AOTEA DISTRICT. Summarized Receipts and Payments Accounts for Year ended 31st March, 1939.

Receipts. (j„i Qm0£ , Employment Promotion Subsidies. „ , , . .. Receipts, excluding Cash Collections, Sales to iotal Keceipts, ]^ e t Liability Employment Grants, Scheme Produce, other v , as at to 31st March, 1938. 1638 _ 39 1938-39. Schemes. to glsTSS,™ 939. 31st March, 1939. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. j £ s. d. £ s. d. Aramoho .. .. .. .. .. 341 16 4 .. .. 341 16 4 215 10 5 Mangaweka .. . . .. .. .. 152 1 4 50 11 11 .. 202 13 3 489 9 5 Manunui .. .. .. 1,019 15 5 2,587 17 5 9,961 18 4 2,732 7 7 39 11 2 16.341 9 11 20,290 10 4 Oaonui.. .. .. 50 8 0 211 0 6 841 8 9 177 12 0 .. 1,280 9 3 2,878 19 3 Ohinepuhiawe .. .. .. 187 2 10 997 7 0 215 1 9 100 17 6 .. 1,500 9 1 1,155 4 1 Okaiawa .. .. 129 4 6 500 16 0 733 8 9 203 6 11 .. 1,566 16 2 2,317 16 2 Opunake .. .. .. 161 16 3 366 17 0 350 6 10 298 0 3 .. 1,177 0 4 1,577 9 1 Patea .. .. .. .. 29 17 2 .. .. 129 5 0 .. 159 2 2 117 0 8 Pungarehu .. .. .. .. .. 83 5 0 .. . . 83 5 0 135 17 6 Ranana .. .. .. 19,406 2 2 10,744 8 3 5,209 11 11 7,613 11 8 106 15 0 43,080 9 0 41,600 19 9 Reureu .. .. .. .. 5 5 0 1,031 8 7 259 8 6 .. 1,296 2 1 4,076 18 3 Taihape .. .. .. .. .. 223 12 2 242 6 1 .. 465 18 3 1,344 3 9 Tikorangi .. .. .. .. .. 667 15 4 229 12 9 .. 897 8 1 1,519 5 8 Whangaehu .. .. .. 102 15 10 1,648 14 4 691 1 3 576 12 9 14 17 6 3,034 1 8 5,293 8 9 Bulk stock, &c. .. .. .. 1,516 14 4 .. .. 0 15 4 1,360 12 10 2,878 2 6 964 2 3 Totals .. .. .. 22,603 16 6 17,062 5 6 20,502 16 4 12,614 8 3 1,521 16 6 74,305 3 1 83,976 15 4 Payments. Schemes. E «to llm Cash Expenditure, Bulk ; • 31st March, 1938. • other Schemes. ,i9 - to 31st March, 1939. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Aramoho .. .. .. .. .. .. 517 5 4 37 9 1 2 12 4 557 6 9 Mangaweka .. .. . . .. .. 90 0 2 578 5 8 .. 23 16 10 692 2 8 Manunui .. .. .. .. .. 10,330 5 0 25,231 12 7 379 19 6 690 3 2 36,632 0 3 Oaonui .. .. .. .. .. 892 15 4 2,741 14 6 439 8 2 85 10 6 4,159 8 6 Ohinepuhiawe .. .. .. .. 1,958 13 6 638 5 4 .. 58 14 4 2,655 13 2 Okaiawa .. .. .. .. .. 1,994 6 1 1,629 16 3 150 0 3 110 9 9 3,884 12 4 Opunake .. .. .. .. .. 1,663 17 1 922 16 6 98 3 5 69 12 5 2,754 9 5 Patea .. . . .. .. .. .. 266 10 7 .. .. 9 12 3 '276 2 10 Pungarehu .. .. .. .. .. .. 159 9 10 58 8 9 1 3 11 219 2 6 Ranana .. .. .. .. 63,131 7 6 19,521 2 11 10 13 8 2,018 4 8 84 681 8 9 Reureu .. . . .. .. .. .. 11 12 2 5,068 7 9 182 15 11 110 4 6 5,373 0 4 Taihape.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,725 5 8 32 3 6 52 12 10 1,810 2 0 Tikorangi .. .. .. .. .. 39 1 10 2,270 10 4 52 18 9 54 2 10 2,416 13 9 Whangaehu .. .. .. .. .. 4,999 17 2 3,040 9 4 40 4 4 246 19 7 8,327 10 5 Bulk stock, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 2,993 7 9 728 15 6 39 11 2 80 10 4 3,842 4 9 Totals .. .. ".. .. .. 88,371 14 2 64,773 17 6 1,521 16 6 3,614 10 3 158,281 18 5

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IKAROA MAORI LAND DISTRICT. The boundaries of this district enclose Manawatu, Wairarapa, and the greater part of Hawke's Bay. Development of Land.—Development activities have continued to increase, and despite flooding in the Hawke's Bay and Manawatu districts, which caused losses of stock and interfered with seasonal work, results have been satisfactory. A block of land at Porangahau was brought under the provisions of the Act, and other schemes have been extended. Employment Promotion.- In pursuance of the general policy of endeavouring to place unemployed Maoris on work of a useful nature, the most promising young men in the district were selected as builders' assistants on Native housing under the direction of skilled tradesmen, and they are proving themselves to be keen and useful workmen who are rapidly acquiring a knowledge of carpentering, painting, bricklaying, and kindred trades. Towards the latter part of the year, thirty-two men, supporting ninety-five dependants, were engaged on this class of work. The problem of finding useful work for all unemployed Maoris in need of assistance has presented many difficulties, but during the year it has been possible to employ an average of two hundred and fifty men on development schemes and other Native lands. Heretaunga. Ihis scheme of 2,233 acres, of which 2,000 acres have been developed, extends over a wide area in Hawke's Bay, from Takapau to Tangoio, and comprises fifteen holdings. During the year under review four new settlers were established, while two lost the areas previously farmed by them through the land being taken for river-protection purposes. It has been possible to re-establish one 'of these men on land previously occupied by another farmer who died during the vear, but the other is partially dependent on relief work. In all the scheme supports 108 people. Disastrous floods in Hawke's Bay resulted in the loss of stock and damage to fences and pastures and paddocks sown in rye for seed. Approximately 30 acres of rye-grass and white clover were harvested, and the yield, which totalled some 600 bushels of machine-dressed certified perennial rye and 1,200 lb. of white clover (the bulk of which passed the prescribed test as mother seed), was more than sufficient to meet the sowing requirements for this district. Seeds and chaff on hand as at 31st March, 1939, and not disposed of are expected to yield in the vicinity of £400, and wool approximately £230. The live-stock tallies at that date were 26 dairy stock, 44 run cattle, and 1,655 sheep, while 158 cows were milked during the season. Details of the year's activities, which included 515 chains of new fencing, 60 acres of grassing, and the erection of two now cottages and two cow-sheds, are shown in the appended tables. Makirikiri. Located in the Wairarapa district about four miles from the Mangamahoe Railway-station, and comprising a total of 806 acres, this scheme provides holdings for six settlers. During the year five settlers, milking eighty-six cows, supplied the factory, and the returns have been quite satisfactory for the first year's operations. Some of the areas are badly infested with ragwort and blackberry, and every effort is being made to check the spread of these weeds, 160 acres having been cleared during the year. Unemployed labour has been used for fencing, stumping, logging up and other similar work. " Mangaorapa. This is an area of 877 acres of deteriorated land located about nine miles from Porangahau. During the year 300 acres of scrub were cleared and cultivated for grassing, and further areas to be brought in will provide useful work for unemployed Natives. The property is at present stocked with 158 Polled Angus heifers. Manawatu. During the year four new settlers were established on this scheme, which now comprises fourteen farms or units. The total gazetted area is now 1,605 acres, an additional 577 acres having been added during the year ; and the area developed to 31st March, .1939, was 681 acres. The total population dependent on the scheme numbers 232.

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Flooding again caused trouble at Matakarapa and hindered work to a certain extent, but this danger is being met by the installation of a flood pump. The property is in an exposed position, but a start has been made with the provision of shelter-belts. The live-stock tally for the whole scheme was 256 cows and 229 other dairy stock. The principal farming operations included the clearing of 543 acres, 618 chains of new fencing, 140 chains of new drains, and the other work detailed in the tables annexed. Porangahau. Gazetted in July, 1938, this scheme comprises 1,063 acres of good second-class land located one mile from Porangahau. It is all fairly easy country, and the flats will be suitable for dairying. A settler has been established on 205 acres, and the balance, being the Whawhakanga F Block, is being developed as a general scheme. Fencing has practically been completed (620 chains), but the flats can be improved by ploughing and grassing. The owners desire this block developed to accumulate funds to finance a scheme of consolidation when a number of leases of Native land in the vicinity expire in the next few years. Such a scheme should enable many of them to occupy and farm economic holdings, whereas to-day their interests are small and scattered. Rakautatahi. Situated about four miles from Norsewood, the Rakautatahi scheme contains 1,945 acres of secondclass land. The intention is to establish settlers on their respective holdings instead of developing the land as a whole, but development activities have been retarded to a certain extent as the present system of subdivision is unsuitable from a farming point of view. The area is traversed by two steep gorges impassable to stock, and a repartition of the block is an essential preliminary to economic development. Seven settlers were nominated last December, and two of these have occupied areas which will be allotted after survey. One settler with a herd of twenty-three cows has commenced dairying, and the result, considering the rough state of this holding, was satisfactory. Two additional settlers will be in a position to start milking next season. Shelter-belts have been provided, and fencing is nearing completion on known boundaries. Approximately 200 acres have been stumped, and a tractor which has been acquired will be utilized in the logging-up operations. Tahoraiti. This is a small " one-farm " scheme situated three miles from Dannevirke and containing 144 acres. The survey of the land was not completed until too late to commence dairying last year, but the farm has been stocked with sixty-one heifers from which a milking herd will be selected for next season. A house and cow-shed have been built for the settlor, and all necessary fencing is nearing completion, 108 chains having been undertaken. SOUTH ISLAND MAORI LAND DISTRICT. Although this district includes the whole of the South Island, the Native population is small and scattered, and occupies comparatively little land suitable for development. The problem of settlement under proper supervision is therefore entirely different from conditions existing in the North Island, but the position has been met to a large extent by delegating powers of control to officers of the Lands Department. A pre-requisite to the development of further areas is consolidation of interests, but owing to the vast amount of work entailed this will have to wait a more opportune time. Assistance to unemployed Natives has been provided mainly on development schemes, although as a means of alleviating acute distress extensive work has been found on D'Urville Island and in neighbouring districts. Kaiwhare. Comprising an area of 514 acres, this scheme is situated on the main south road about ten miles north of Kaikoura. Development consisted mainly of the clearing of scrub and second growth, and during the year over 300 acres were cleared and sown down in grass. The block supports twenty-one persons. This district usually sufieres from excessive rainfall, but in the year under review drought conditions were experienced. A timely fall in March, however, has resulted in a good, autumn growth. The livestock at 31st March, 1939, totalled 107 run cattle, 253 breeding-ewes, and 135 dry sheep.

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Southland (Oraka and Kawhakaputaputa). This scheme, containing an area of 2,500 acres, of which 1,900 acres are developed, is situated at Colac Bay, thirty miles from Invercargill. Development work carried out in the year consisted mainly of stumping, fencing, and draining. One settler was dispossessed of his holding during the year, and difficulty is being experienced in replacing him. There has been, of recent years, a gradual spread of hemlock over the Oraka reserve, and the position is becoming so acute that active steps to eradicate this weed require to be taken. The development of this area was inaugurated and continued for the benefit of the Maoris resident in a locality where the fishing and mutton-bird industries were the principal means of subsistence. Although inexperienced, many of the settlers in the early stages of development gave every indication of becoming satisfactory farmers, but this promise has not been entirely fulfilled. A factor which militates against successful farming, particularly dairying, is that the majority of settlers continue their annual trips to the mutton-bird islands, leaving their holdings to the care of wives and children for three months in the year. The seventeen settlers and twelve labourers support eighty-one dependants. Boisterous weather conditions during the late spring and summer held up work and resulted in poor growth, but conditions improved considerably towards the latter end of the year and feed is now abundant. As at 31st March, 1939, the live-stock tally was as follows : 312 cows, 103 other dairy stock, 390 breeding-ewes, and 17 working-horses. Wairau. Located about seven miles from Blenheim on the banks of the Wairau Kiver, this scheme comprises an area of 838 acres of low-lying alluvial flats. Negotiations for the acquisition of a further area of 167 acres have been practically finalized. During the past twelve months no development work of an outstanding nature has been carried out as it was considered advisable to suspend operations until additional major drainage improvements had been effected. These improvements consist in the replacement of an old flood pump by a modern type, and the installation of a third pump in a position where it will be used to drain low-lying areas not previously drained. This work is now under way, and the pumps should be ready for operation this winter. Four hundred breeding-ewes were wintered, and of these 300 will be fattened and disposed of, while 361 fat lambs were sold,at good prices. In addition, 60 run cattle and 33 Jersey-cross heifers will be sold in the coming season. At the 31st March the stock depasturing on the scheme comprised, in addition to these cattle, 601 breeding-ewes and 316 dry sheep. Harvesting operations resulted in the collection of 40 tons of hay and ten bags of dressed whiteclover seed. Weather conditions throughout the year have been usually favourable for the successful handling of this class of country. The scheme has employed during the past year an average monthly number of eight labourers, who support twenty-five dependants.

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STATISTICAL DATA OF IKAROA AND SOUTH ISLAND SCHEMES (SCHEME AND UNIT).

Particulars. < Heretaunga. Kaiwhare. j Makirikiri. Manawatu. Hangaorapa. Porangahau. Rakautatahi. Southland. Tahoraiti. i Yvairau. Totals. i_ ' 1. Date first gazetted .. .. ..Date Aug., 1931 Dec., 1935 April, 1937 Aug., 1931 March, 1938 July, 1938 Sept., 1937 July, 1930 Jan., 1938 April, 1931 .. 2. Number of schemes .. .. .. Number Gazetted to date .. .. .. Acres 2,233 514 806 1,605 877 1,063 1,9-45 f'nnn *** Developed to date .. .. .. Acres 2,000 364 325 681 .. -- -• 1,900 .. 233 «'qai Occupied by settlers .. .. .. Acres 2,233 .. 806 1,314 .. 20o 361 a'so? Suitable for further development .. Acres 476 150 481 991 877 1,063 1,945 bOO 144 100 Improved by flood-protection .. .. Acres 4. Number of— ' _ Settlers .. .. .. .. Number 15 .. 6 14 .. 1 3 17 1 .. »7 Additional labourers .. .. .. Number 15 7 12 31 8 8 6 12 1 14 Dependants of settlers and labourers (wives, _ r . K children, old people, <fcc.) .. .. Number 78 14 27 187 25 53 31 81 9 40 o45 Total dependants .. .. Number 108 21 45 232 33 62 40 110 11 54 716 5. Number of E. P. workers (included above) .. Number 15 6 12 28 8 8 6 12 1 14 110 6. Number of E.P. workers engaged on private , _ , OA Native lands Number 38 2 10 60 6 9 8 6 139 7. Live-stock tallies — Cows milked during season .. .. Number 158 .. 86 256 .. .. 23 312 .. Other dairy stock .. .. .. Number 26 .. 23 229 .. • • 9 103 61 33 484 Run cattle .. .. .. .. Number 44 107 .. .. 158 .. .. . - • - 60 Ewes: Breeding .. .. .. Number 1,617 253 258 .. .. 1,682 .. 390 .. 601 4,801 Dry sheep .. .. .. .. Number 38 135. 7 .. .. 685 .. .. .. 316 1,181 Horses: Working .. .. .. Number 7 .. 4 14 .. .. 2 17 .. o Pigs .. .. .. .. .. Number 20 .. • • 42 .. .. .. .. • • • • i Receipts — Poundage .. .. .. ..lb, 25,688 .. 7.984 34,895 .. .. 2,073 42,873 .. .. 113,513 Total cash .. .. .. .. £ 1.584 .. 525 2,409 .. .. 121 3,072 .. .. 7,711 Department's proportion .. .. £ 525 .. 175 1,004 .. .. o4 768 .. .. z,o^o Wool — . AO Bales . . .. .. .. Number 5 1 -. - - • • 33 .. 4 .. .. 43 Total net proceeds .. .. .. £ 67 15 .. .. •• 429 .. 42 .. .. o53 Live-stock .. .. .. £ 958 388 41 32 273 604 .. 379 l.,675 Crops and sundries .. .. .. £ 537 28 114 139 35 19 24 42 16 847 1 >801 Total cash to Department .. .. £ 2,087 431 330 1,175 35 721 78 1,456 16 1,226 7,555 Bush felling and clearing .. .. Acres 100 300 160 543 300 200 200 .. 60 2 1,865 .. .. .. .. Chains 515 25 116 618 .. 620 455 29 108 55 2,54:1 Repairs .. .. .. Chains 490 .. 483 530 60 300 40 172 94 .. Draining: New .. .. .. Chains .. • • 140 . . 15 240 33 10 .. 438 Grassing : New .. .. .. Acres 60 300 40 21 .. .. .. 15 .. .. 436 Other cultivation : New.. .. .. Acres 42 .. •• 33 .. .. .. 17 .. 4 Water-supply: New .. .. .. Number .. •• 7 .. .. 2 .. .. y Cottages erected — _ _ New .. .. .. Number 2 .. • • 1 • • 1 - • 2 1 • • £ Todate .. .. .. .. Number 6 .. 5 7 .. 1 .. 7 1 .. 27 Cow-sheds — _ _ New .. .. .. Number 2 .. 1 2 .. 1 .. 1 .. 7 To date .. .. .. Number 10 .. 4 6 .. .. 1 17 1 .. 39 Other buildings — _ _ New .. .. .. .. Number .. .. 1 1| 1 •• 2 1 .. .. 6 To date .. .. .. .. Number .. .. 2 1 1 j ' 5 7 .. 1 17

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IKAROA AND SOUTH ISLAND DISTRICTS. Summarized Receipts and Payments Accounts for Year ended 31st March, 1939.

Receipts. Schema ! Employment Promotion Subsidies. T . , R(wfT)ta bchem6s - Keceipts, excluding Cash Collections, includin? Net Employment Grants, Scheme Produce, Schemes Employment to as at to 31st March, 1938. Total to 1938-39. bchemes. employment, K> gl8t March! 1939 31st March, 1938. la3s dist March, 193H. Ilcaroa District. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Heretaunga .. .. .. 3,062 3 7 573 16 6 1,268 16 2 2,086 4 4 419 12 7 9,410 13 2 6,318 15 2 Makirikiri .. .. .. 75 14 10 220 5 0 1,756 7 5 331 1 1 .. 2,383 8 4 2,840 2 0 Manawatu .. .. .. 3,575 5 1 1,535 14 10 3,491 7 10 1,175 5 10 66 19 3 9,844 12 10 5,172 18 11 Mangaorapa .. .. .. .. .. 815 4 6 35 3 6 .. 850 8 0 845 16 8 Porangahau .. .. .. .. .. 948 4 5 720 19 1 .. 1,669 3 6 3,732 1 0 Rakautatahi .. .. .. .. 191 12 0 1,322 0 11 78 3 5 0 10 5 1,592 6 9 1,013 3 4 Tahoraiti .. .. .. .. 40 16 0 242 16 0 15 10 6 .. 299 2 6 847 5 0 Smith Island District. Kaiwhare .. .. .. 84 3 3 1,911 15 9 904 1 8 430 12 9 .. 3,330 13 5 1,116 7 9 Southland .. .. .. 4,709 17 7 4,367 18 8 1,785 1110 1,455 16 1 .. 12,319 4 2 14,734 7 2 Wairau .. .. .. 2,791 17 2 10,821 9 10 2,185 2 4 1,226 3 8 .. 17,024 13 0 5,181 9 1 Totals .. .. .. 16,299 1 6 19,663 8 7 14,719 13 1 7,555 0 3 487 2 3 58,724 5 8 41,802 6 1 Payments. B^nterest re to PlUS Cash Ex P enliltaTe - Purchases from Buik and Net Interest, T °f®' 31st March,«38. | i 938 " 39 " 1938 " 39 - Ilcaroa District. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Heretaunga .. .. .. .. .. 8,499 14 8 6,679 18 9 297 8 0 252 6 11 15,729 8 4 Makirikiri .. .. .. .. .. 1,986 1 10 3,036 7 11 64 15 10 136 4 9 5,223 10 4 Manawatu .. .. .. .. .. 7,962 12 7 6,759 5 8 65 15 2 229 18 4 15,017 11 9 Mangaorapa .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,673 12 0 .. 22 12 8 1,696 4 8 Porangahau .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,279 5 3 26 19 5 94 19 10 5,401 4 6 Rakautatahi .. .. .. .. .. 402 16 2 2,118 4 10 48 15 10 35 13 3 2,605 10 1 Tahoraiti .. .. .. .. .. 40 16 0 1,091 0 0 .. 14 11 6 1,146 7 6 South Island District. Kaiwhare .. .. .. .. .. 3,027 10 10 1,373 4 6 .. 46 5 10 4,447 1 2 Southland .. .. .. .. .. 22,688 18 5 3,676 11 1 .. 688 1 10 27,053 11 4 Wairau .. .. .. .. .. 18,430 2 5 3,504 5 1 .. 271 14 7 22,206 2 1 Totals .. .. .. .. 63,038 12 11 | 35,191 15 1 503 14 3 1,792 9 6 100,526 11 9

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PART lII—MAORI LAND BOARD ACTIVITIES. Pursuant to the Native Land Act, 1931, and its amendments, a Maori Land Board is empowered to make advances from its Common Fund for the purpose of giving farming assistance to Maoris ; or to advance moneys from funds at its disposal with the consent of the beneficial owners, for the purpose of acquiring or carrying on any agricultural or pastoral business ; or to occupy and manage as a farm any portion of lands vested in it; or to guarantee the accounts of Native dairy-farmers with any co-operative dairy company ; or to provide the necessary finance for the farming, improvement, or settlement of any Native freehold land. A substantial measure of control is exercised by the Board of Native Affairs, in pursuance of the Board of Native Affairs Act, 1934-35, over the expenditure incurred on the schemes and farming ventures undertaken by the Maori Land Boards, and for this purpose an annual budget, or estimate of expenditure for the ensuing year, is submitted, together with the trading accounts for the past year. The Maori Land Board undertakes the direct management of these farming operations, and the services of field officers of the Department may be co-opted for supervisory purposes. Likewise advances upon mortgage to individual Natives are subject to the approval of the Board of Native Affairs, and the subsequent management of these investments is generally delegated to the relative Maori Land Board. The two following sheep stations are the principal schemes or farms which are being undertaken under this heading, although some idea of the extent of farming assistance granted may be realized from the table showing the advances to Native settlers. Anaura Station. Farmed as a sheep and cattle station by the Tairawhiti District Maori Land Board, this property comprises an area of 5,865 acres situated on the East Coast between Tolaga and Tokomaru Bays. Seasonal conditions were not favourable to either farming or marketing. The continuous flooding during last July was followed by a prolonged drought during the summer, necessitating selling the whole of the surplus stock much earlier than usual, which fact, however, proved advantageous, as the market declined later to a record low level. The wool-clip of 185 bales, as against 180 for the previous year, was up to the usual quantity, and the London broker's report was quite pleasing as to the quality. Substantial improvements effected during the year included : Renovation of the wool-shed, the walls being re-instated in iron ; removal of the shearers' quarters from flood danger and alterations to comply with Government requirements ; the scrub-cutting and pulling of an area of 400 acres, and the clearing of variegated thistles over the whole station ; draining and ploughing was carried out on the flats, which are slowly being made more productive, and about 3£ miles of fences were repaired. The sheep being wintered number 7,615 in all, 4,500 being breeding-ewes. The hoggets are in good, healthy condition. There are 1,087 head of cattle being farmed, and a pleasing feature is the increase in the number of calves. The pasture generally is in good order, and there is sufficient feed to carry the present stock successfully through to the spring. Morikau Station. Containing 11,806 acres, and situated about forty-seven miles up the Wanganui River, Morikau Station adjoins the Ranana development scheme. The three blocks comprising the station are vested in the Aotea District Maori Land Board, and have been farmed since 1910. The venture has been extremely successful, and the property is probably the best in the upper-river district. In common with other sheep-farms, the profits for the year have been considerably reduced compared with the previous few seasons, stock and wool prices being lower, while operating costs show an increase. However, the net profit of over £3,000 is very satisfactory and reflects good management. The wool-clip totalled 372 bales, as compared with 361 bales for the previous season. Entries in the local agricultural and pastoral show and fleece competitions were again very successful, several first prizes being obtained, while the station continues to obtain top prices for both sheep and cattle at public auction. Following the usual policy of clearing a limited area each year, 92 acres of bush were felled and grassed, making the total area cleared 6,079 acres, on which the live-stock comprises 14,048 sheep, 1,203 cattle, and 33 horses. A large area has been top-dressed, and feed, even throughout the drought, was plentiful, while the stock kept in very good condition. The beneficial owners have a very valuable asset in the station, one that should continue to pay large dividends in the future.

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MAORI LAND BOARDS : ADVANCES TO NATIVE SETTLERS. In addition to major undertakings of the Maori Land Boards, the following table indicates the measures of assistance granted to individual Native farmers for the purpose of developing and cultivating their lands : —

STATISTICAL DATA ON MAORI LAND BOARD SCHEMES.

Total Advances to Native AT , .. . Board. Settlers under Mortgage "I 1 ! " a lve as at 31st March, 1939. Mortgagors. £ Tokerau .. .. 2,550 5 Waikato-Maniapoto .. 4,527 20 *Waiariki .. .. 7,299 25 Tairawhiti .. .. 66,916 87 Aotea .. .. .. 23,036 33 Ikaroa .. .. 31,016 j 48 South Island .. .. 6,778 9 Totals .. .. 142,122 227 * In addition, £71,082 are invested in farm properties (Waikawa, Taheke, and Tihiotonga).

Particulars. Anaura. Morikau. Totals. 1. Maori Land Board district .. .. Name Tairawhiti Aotea 2. Date commenced .. .. .. Date 1929 Aug. 1910 3. Number of schemes .. .. .. Number .. .. 2 4. Total area .. .. .. .. Acres 5,865 11,806 17,671 Area developed .. .. .. Acres 5,865 6,079 11,944 Area developable .. .. .. Acres 5,865 11,806 17,671 5. Employees under schemes .. .. Number 21 8 29 Other dependants (wives and children) .. Number 4 15 Total dependants .. .. Number 25 9 34 6. Number of E.P. workers (included above) .. Number 15 .. 15 7. Live-stock tallies — Cows .. .. .. .. Number .. 6 6 Other dairy stock .. .. .. Number 13 .. 13 Run cattle .. .. .. .. Number 1,074 1,197 2,271 Sheep— Ewes: Breeding .. .. .. Number 7,486 8,597 16,083 Dry sheep .. .. .. .. Number 129 5,451 5,580 Horses: Working .. .. .. Number .. 33 33 8. Carrying-capacity— Sheep .. .. .. .. Per acre \\/\ 2|/1 Cattle .. .. .. .. Per acre 1/6 1/5 9. Receipts — WoolBales .. .. .. .. Number 185 372 557 Weight .. .. .. ..lb. 68,309 136,500 204,809 Proceeds .. .. .. .. £ 2,601 4,401 7,002 Sheep sales .. .. .. .. £ 3,165 5,600 8,765 Cattle sales .. .. .. .. £ 1,007 1,815 2,822 Sundries .. .. .. .. £ 714 49 763 Total cash to Board .. .. £ 7,487 11,865 19,352 10. Year's activities — Bushfelling and clearing .. .. Acres 2,050 91 2,141 Fencing — New .. .. .. .. Chains 80 253 333 Repairs .. .. .. .. Chains 200 271 471 Draining: New .. .. .. Chains 50 .. 50 Grassing— New .. .. .. .. Acres 30 92 122 To date .. .. .. .. Acres 5,695 6,079 11,774 Cottages erected: To date .. .. Number 12 3 Cow-sheds : To date .. .. .. Number 112 Wool-sheds and quarters: To date .. Number 112 Sheep-dips : To date .. .. .. Number 112 Implement and stores sheds .. .. Number .. 2 2 Splitting fencing timber— Posts .. .. .. Number 1,000 .. 1,000 Battens .. .. .. .. Number 11,000 .. 11,000

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PART IV—NATIVE TRUST ACTIVITIES. The farming operations of the Native Trustee are classified as follows : — (1) On Native lands vested under section 25 of the Native Trustee Act, 1930, and occupied for the purpose of carrying on any agricultural or pastoral business for the benefit of the owners. (2) On farm properties which have been acquired under mortgage, or in respect of which the Native Trustee is mortgagee in possession. (3) On Native estates in respect of which the Native Trustee has been appointed administrator or trustee. Pursuant to the Board of Native Affairs Act, 1934-35, the Board exercises a general control over the financial operations of the Native Trustee, including the investment on mortgage or otherwise of moneys available in the Trustee's Account and over the expenditure on all farming activities undertaken or approved by the Trustee either before or after the passing of this Act. By virtue of section 7of that Act, the farming operations are reviewed annually by the Board of Native Affairs, when budgets are considered and expenditure proposals are approved. Consequent upon the extension, as from Ist June, 1938, of the decentralization policy of the Native Department, with which the Native Trust Office has been amalgamated since 1934, the following shows the various stations grouped under the district offices, which now exercise the administration, supervision, and detailed management of the properties :— Stations. Controlling Office. Aohanga . . .. . . .. .. .. ~j Motuweka .. . . .. .. .. . ■ ■ • J»Head Office. Tiratu . . . . .. . . .. .. j Hakurenga Hereheretau Hikuwai .. .. .. .. .. .. .. [>Gisborne. Hoia Tawhiti .. .. .. .. .. .. J Tawanui .. .. . . . . . . • • Auckland. The following statistical information is supplied in respect of farms and stations under administration and which are vested in the Native Trustee :— Number of properties .. .. .. .. . . .. 9 Area (acres) .. .. .. .. .. .. 41,685 Number of sheep .. .. .. .. .. .. 55,964 Number of cattle .. .. .. .. .. 6,069 Wool-clip, 1938-39 (bales) .. .. .. .. .. 1,310 Average price per bale .. .. .. .. .. .. £14 6s. 7d. Average price per pound .. .. .. .. .. 9-4 d. The majority of the Native Trust Office investments is in mortgage securities over Native lands. The policy of the Department is to assist Maori farmers on their own properties by providing the necessary fiuance and supervision in developing and working their holdings, with the object of making each individual a self-supporting member of the producing community. Such advances are subject to the approval of the Board of Native Affairs and are limited to three-fifths of the capital value of the security offered. At the 31st March, 1939, there were 411 loan accounts covering investments totalling £421,811. Particulars of each station farmed under authorities Nos. (1) and (2) aforementioned are appended hereunder, but separate details concerning trusts and pooling schemes are omitted, for the reason that private estates are involved. Aohanga Station. This station is situated on the East Coast, in the Akitio County, and comprises three blocks of land —namely, Mataikona Nos. 1, 2, and 3, containing in all 17,723 acres. Of this area, 907 acres are reserved for occupation by the beneficial owners, leaving 16,816 acres to be farmed as a sheep and cattle run by the Native Trustee. Despite the deteriorated condition of the improvements on this property and the reversion to scrub and second growth at the commencement of occupancy, the policy of rehabilitation adopted over a period of nine years has greatly increased the stock-carrying capacity, and the station may well be said to have attained a high degree of efficiency. During the past season one line of wethers disposed of numbered 5,060, while 700 store bullocks were also sold.

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Further improvements effected during the year under review include the construction of a new cottage for the head shepherd and the alterations of and the additions to an old cottage. This work has been done with a view to providing accommodation for married shepherds. The erection of a large covering over the drafting-yards has also been completed, and the shearers' accommodation has been greatly improved. A programme of ploughing, cultivation, and regrassing the easy-lying areas near the homestead was adopted, the objective being to grow swedes and to have sufficient pasture land for the making of hay. The number of sheep carried throughout the last winter was 4,547 less than the previous year, but 1,000 head more cattle were carried. It is considered that, by heavier stocking with cattle and by reducing the number of sheep on the station, better results will be obtained in building up a good flock. At present this property is carrying 25,793 sheep, including 8,781 ewes, and 2,804 cattle. It is anticipated that from now on the station should breed its own stock requirements and that there should be no need to go on the market except for rams and bulls. The wool-clip comprised 556 bales. Motuweka Station. Situated near Porangahau, this station comprises five blocks of Native land which are mortgaged to the Native Trustee and farmed by him conjointly, and also two leasehold properties, the total area farmed being 4,789 acres. An intensive ploughing programme has been followed during the past year, and this has been greatly assisted by the caterpillar tractor and the weighty implements in use. As some of the land is heavy and becomes very wet in winter, mole-drain ploughing is being used to advantage. It was found necessary to improve the shearers' accommodation on the station, and in order to provide sufficient space to comply with the regulations a cottage was erected for the regular farm employees, who were previously housed in the same building as that used by the shearers. A small addition was made to the manager's house, which was also painted and renovated. A cottage has been erected on a section of the station which is some distance from the main area, the object being to have a shepherd on the place so that ewes and not dry sheep can be carried and proper care taken of the stock. By stocking this block with ewes, the station will benefit materially from the increase in lambs and from the increased carrying-capacity. A line of 2,546 fat wethers sold off the station in February realized a top price for this class of stock. At present the station is carrying 7,684 sheep, including 3,790 ewes, and 590 cattle. The wool-clip totalled 228 bales. Tiratu Station. This property is located about four miles from Dannevirke, and comprises 733 acres of easy-lying country very well placed for fat-lamb raising. During the past season over 1,000 fats have been disposed of, as well as 404 ewes. With the object of fully developing this land a light tractor has been purchased, and it is intended to do as much ploughing as possible in order to permanently improve the pastures. At present an area of approximately 100 acres is being stumped, and this will be ploughed and sown down in swedes before regrassing. An application under the Mortgagors and Lessees Rehabilitation Act to have the liabilities of this property adjusted resulted in the transfer of a considerable sum from Current Account to Mortgage Account, as it was considered that the value of the land was such as to warrant the increase in the principal sum being carried as a fixed liability and not as a floating one. This property is now carrying 2,167 sheep, including 1,516 ewes, and 111 cattle. Sixty-five bales of wool were realized. Hoia Station (East Coast Maori Soldiers' Fund). Comprising several Native leaseholds, this property, containing a total area of 6,514 acres, is situated at Hicks Bay, in the Matakaoa County. The major portion of the station is extremely hilly, and includes about 2,000 acres of bush which it is considered uneconomic to fell; but the Waikohu Block, of 1,393 acres, which was acquired some years ago to offset the proportion of unworkable hill country, is reasonably easy land, and includes some 450 acres of flats, part of which is alluvial. This block is gradually being ploughed and sown down in English grasses, and presents a fine cultivated appearance. Owing to the matters of compensation for improvements on the four blocks for which the leases had expired being incomplete, the programme of further development has been curtailed, and operations have been confined almost wholly to the maintenance of existing improvements. The Court of Review made an order reducing the annual rent of Wharekahika Bc, postponing all the arrears on the other leases, and also future rent on Wharekahika 181, the lease of which expires in December, 1939, against compensation. The awards already made were the subject of a hearing in the Tairawhiti Native Land Court in December, 1938, when the Maori Land Board was appointed Receiver for the settlement of the compensation-moneys. Negotiations are now in train between the Receiver and the Native Trustee as to the future policy.

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The station has been subject to the reversal of the usual wet seasons and has suffered a fairlysevere drought, which, while cleaning up all surplus feed, has made the winter position as regards stock critical. Surplus live-stock has been disposed of mainly to Rotorua and Gisborne district development schemes in furtherance of the policy of the Department to use its own resources for satisfying stock requirements. The tallies at 31st March, 1939, were 2,500 breeding-ewes, 3,274 dry sheep, and 660 cattle. The total clip of 111 bales of wool was disposed of in Napier sales. Hereheretau Station (East Coast Maori Soldiers'' Fund). Situated eighteen miles from Wairoa and six miles off the main highway through Whakaki, this station comprises 3,692 acres of hilly but well watered fertile country with a small area of ploughable flats. Newly developed areas have been sown down in English grasses, the pastures being in good condition, and the old original grassed areas being mostly cleared of scrub. This land requires careful handling to prevent reversion to second growth, and for this reason the fencing programme must be continually kept up. Attention has been focused on this feature and on cutting patchy second growth, which has been burnt and resown, while small areas of flat land, have been oop-dressed so as to maintain the pastures. The drought conditions of the district have not been felt as much on Hereheretau, and the stock is now in excellent condition. The stock sold comprised 1,288 wethers and lambs and 545 caste ewes, and with the low prevailing prices for store stock 532 two-tooth wethers have been purchased as part replacement. Further cattle have also been acquired to assist in controlling pastures. The stock now numbers approximately two sheep to the acre —namely, 2,879 breeding-ewes and 3,790 dry sheep, and also 640 cattle. The wool-clip amounted to 160 bales. Hakurenga Station. Located near Waipiro Bay, on the East Coast, this farm comprises several subdivisions of the Waipiro Block, and contains a total area of 2,836 acres. The contour of the country is fairly easy hills, but the pastures generally require constant crushing with cattle to be kept in order. Some of the first blocks on the East Coast to be incorporated are included in this station, which was brought under the management of the Native Trustee in 1930. Together with these blocks, Waipiro A 20, which is owned by the estate of a deceased Native, has been worked conjointly. Originally in a very neglected condition, this property is nearing the stage of complete development, there being approximately 2,000 acres of good pasture, some 400 acres are awaiting further cultivation and resowing, while about 350 acres have been left in bush and scrub for shelter and for protection against erosion. The station is carrying 3,003 sheep and 613 head of cattle, and the wool-clip last season amounted to 99 bales. Hikuivai Station. Situated on the main East Coast Road six miles south of Tokomaru Bay, this property contains 810 acres of which one-quarter is alluvial flats. During this second year in which the Native Trustee has had control of the property, fencing has been proceeded with, but owing to sufficient labour not being available the work has been retarded. However, expert permanent fencers have now been secured, and better results are being obtained. Pastures on this property had been allowed to deteriorate to a marked degree, but with speedioi facilities available for turning over the old Native grasses and resowing with good English seed it is anticipated that the land will be rapidly improved and the carrying-capacity increased. The stock has been subjected to a severe culling, and a better strain is being produced. Ihe tallies at 31st March last were 943 sheep and 98 cattle. The wool-clip was 29 bales. The future prospects of this station are considered to be good. Tawhiti Station. Included on one side a boundary of over two miles of coast-line, and surrounding the Waima Township, the local freezing-works, and the wharf at Tokomaru Bay, this property is a compact area of 3,672 acres, mainly of very hilly contour. The property is mortgaged to the Native Trustee, and as the committee of incorporation could not meet its commitments for interest, and as the whole property displayed neglect and deterioration, the management agreed to the Native Trustee assuming control under section 25 of the Native Trustee Act, 1930 Very little of the area remains free of scattered second growth, while the back portions have reverted entirely to natural conditions. The programme since assuming control in July, 1938, has embraced the cutting of tracks of a total length of fifteen miles, thus giving access and coverage over the block for shepherds, packmen, &c., the fencing of the incomplete boundary, while a commencement was made on the erection of fences. The scarcity of timber posts in this district hampers progress.

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With the abundance of rough feed and only a limited number of sheep and no cattle on the place when taken over, the station has been able to absorb the surplus stock from nearby Native Trust stations as well as 82 cattle and 1,510 sheep from farther south. No breeding of sheep will be undertaken for a year, so as to facilitate the establishment of pastures and the erection of adequate internal fencing to provide sufficiently secure paddocks. At present the property is carrying 2,635 sheep and 210 head of cattle. By careful planning and a progressive programme, it is expected to clear this land again within a few years and to make it the productive farm such a well-situated and fertile block should be. Tawanui Station. This property is now under the direct control of the Auckland district office. Containing 916 acres, and being a Crown leasehold acquired by the Native Trustee in 1931 as mortgagee, it is situated near Ngapaenga, thirty miles from Te Kuiti. A large amount of development work has been carried out during the past twelve months, and it is expected that within the next year this station will have reached the stage where it can be satisfactorily run by a manager and one man, with occasional extra labour for seasonal work. At present the farm supports a foreman and fourteen labourers with thirty-two dependants. Three new huts and a set of sheep-yards were built, and approximately 60 acres of new pasture sown. The live-stock tallies at 31st March, 1939, were as follows : 955 breeding-ewes, 341 dry sheep, 132 breeding-cows, and 211 run cattle. The wool-clip totalled 25 bales. In collaboration with the Department of Agriculture, a convincing experiment was carried out in the combating of " sheep-sick " country. As with the similar experiment at Waimiha, the first, or control paddock, was top-dressed with 2 cwt. of superphosphate per acre, and the second with 2 cwt. of cobaltized super per acre at the rate of 14 oz. of cobalt sulphate to the hundredweight of super. The ewes were picked at random, and the experiment commenced early in February, 1938, and ended on the 28th February, 1939. The following summary shows the result of the experiment, which has proved both interesting and instructional:— Control Ewes. Cobalt Ewes, lb. lb. Average gain in weights .. .. .. .. 34 54 Wool clipped .. .. .. .. ..10 llf Control Lambs. Cobalt Lambs, lb. lb. Average weight at birth .. .. .. .. 10 12| Average gain in weight (January) .. .. .. 49 67 Wool clipped .. .. .. .. 2| 4| The details of the average weights of the experimental ewes and lambs throughout the experiment, together with the cobalt content of the pastures, are given in the following table : —

Note. —Two control lambß and one cobalt lamb died atjbirth.

9—G. 10.

21/11/38. 24/2/38. 22/3/38. 27/4/38. 27/5/38. 25/6/38. 29/7/38. 29/10/38. 21/11/38. 23/1/39. 28/2/39. Average Wool. lb. Average weight in pounds, 93 105 102 106 110 111 115 95 103 127 10-1 fifteen ewes, eontrol paddock Average weight in pounds, 93 104 102 111 116 117 135 115 126 144 11-6 fifteen ewes, cobalt paddock Average weight in pounds, .. .. . . .. .. .. 28 35 46 58 2-4 twelve " control " lambs Average weight in pounds, .. .. .. .. .. .. 49 55 68 80 4-9 ten " cobalt " lambs 23/11/37 Parts per million cobalt in dry 0-04 .. 0-07 .. .. 0-08 .. 0-06 .. 0-06 matter, " control " pasture Parts per million cobalt in dry 0-04 0-39 0-25 .. .. 0-69 .. 0-36 .. 0-19 matter, " cobalt " pasture

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STATISTICAL DATA REGARDING STATIONS OWNED BY THE NATIVE TRUSTEE OR VESTED IN THE NATIVE TRUSTEE IN TERMS OF SECTION 25 OF THE NATIVE TRUSTEE ACT, 1930.

East Coast Maori Soldiers' Fund. Particulars. Aohanga. Hakurenga. Hikuwai. Motuweka. Tawanui. Tawhiti. | Tiratu. Totals. Hereheretau. Hoia. ! ! : ! ! i i I ! 1. Date commenced .. .. .. Date Dec., 1930 1925 1925 March, 1931 May, 1937 July, 1930 Sept., 1931 May, 1938 Sept., 1930 2. Number of stations .. .. .. Number .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. .. 9 3. Total area .. .. .. .. Acres 17,723 3,692 6,514 2,836 810 4,789 916 3,672 733 41,685 4. Employees on stations .. .. Number 18 454251 33 45 Number of E.P. workers .. .. Number 22 6 5 3 3 15 8 3 65 5. Live-stock tallies — Sheep — Breeding-ewes .. .. Number 8,781 2,879 2,500 2,094 572 3,790 955 1,456 1,516 24,543 Rams .. .. .. Number 330 94 84 75 32 120 30 .. 51 816 Wethers .. .. .. Number 9,646 1,567 1,020 28 2 1,418 .. 440 47 14,168 Others .. .. .. Number 7,036 2,129 2,170 806 337 2,356 311 739 553 16,437 Cattle — Breeding-cows .. .. Number 960 325 272 301 47 238 132 12 58 2,345 Bulls .. .. .. Number 45 9 6 7 2 7 4 4 84 Others .. .. .. Number 1,799 306 382 305 49 345 207 198 49 3,640 Horses.. .. .. Number 46 9 16 11 2 6 6 12 13 121 6. Receipts — Wool — Bales .. .. .. Number 556 160 111 99 29 228 25 37 65 1,310 Weight .. .. ..Lb. . 220,644 53,234 38,133 28,830 9,600 84,401 9,500 12,226 22,062 478,630 Gross proceeds .. .. £ 8,667 2,019 1,402 1,181 353 3,550 309 428 863 18,772 Sheep .. .. .. .. £ 4,953 1,697 372 1,182 383 3,179 241 558 1,075 13,640 Cattle.. .. .. .. £ 6,253 265 625 662 245 1,142 200 139 582 10,113 Sundries ...... £ 299 64 52 48 63 53 85 10 13 687 Total receipts ... .. £ 20,172 4,045 2,451 3,073 1,044 7,924 835 1,135 2,533 43,212 7. Year's activities — Bushfelling and clearing .. .. Acres 2,950 200 220 .. 30 .. 200 90 3,690 Ploughing .. .. .. Acres 80 .. .. .. .. 132 48 .. 25 285 Chipping scattered thistles and toetoe Acres 500 1,000 200 .. 80 .. .. 110 .. 1,890 Fencing — New". .. .. .. Chains 200 55 40 38 200 54 *88 120 60 855 Repairs .. .. .. Chains 200 325 240 670 274 640 300 145 .. 2,594 Splitting — Post and rails .. .. Number .. 580 300 260 44 .. 2,000 16 .. 3,200 Battens .. .. .. Number .. 1,500 1,000 5,420 7,740 .. 13,000 16,350 .. 45,010 Draining: New .. .. .. Chains 7 30 70 .. .. .. 32 .. . . 139 Manuring .. .. .. Tons 100 6 27 13 7 20 80 68 321 Grassing: New .. .. Acres 20 160 12 30 .. 300 80 30 25 657 • Track-making .. .. .. Chains 60 120 .. .. .. .. 16 1,200 .. 1,396 Yards erected .. .. .. Number ■■ 3 •• .. .. 1 .. .. 4 Buildings erected: New .. .. Number 2 .. .. .. .. 2 4 .. .. 8 , I I " I

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PART V.—EAST COAST NATIVE TRUST LANDS. Pursuant to section 7 of the Board of Native Affairs Act, 1934-35, the East Coast Trust lands and the Mangatu trust were brought under the control of the Board as far as the operations of the trusts relate to the expenditure or investment of any moneys or to the giving of mortgages over any property vested in the East Coast Commissioner are concerned. The commissioner is a trustee appointed by the Governor-General by Order in Council under the enactments of Part IV of the Native Purposes Act, 1931, and is charged with the management and control of certain lands in the interests of the beneficial owners thereof, all of whom are aborigines of New Zealand. The Commissioner has his own officers and staff, no Government finance being involved as the Trust is entirely selfcontained. The original purpose of the Commission—that of salvaging this large area of Native land—has been completed, and the trust is now solvent and in a thoroughly sound condition, all working expenses and management being paid from the profits of the stations. A distribution of profits accruing from lands leased and lands farmed is made to the beneficial owners from time to time. However, the policy of the Commissioner at the present time is to endeavour to reduce the fixed mortgages and at the same time to develop the remaining land as rapidly as possible, using Maori labour throughout ; in fact, the stations are regarded as being a suitable training-ground for young Maoris. In the course of the past few years an extensive system of development has been carried out, and large areas of land which were previously unproductive have been brought into use, an area of approximately 5,000 acres of undeveloped land having been cleaned up and brought into cultivation during the past year. The total area of the trust vested in the Commissioner comprises 223,422 acres, divided into two portions —the East Coast Native Trust lands comprising 114,513 acres, of which 61,907 acres are divided into eleven stations, and the Mangatu No. 1 Trust embracing 108,909 acres, of which 43,701 acres are divided into seven stations. Each property is controlled by a resident manager, who is under the direct personal supervision of a farm supervisor. These lands are scattered from Tolaga Bay in the north to Wairoa in the south, and extend from the extreme end of the Mahia Peninsula on the east to over a hundred miles inland. In the Wairoa district several large areas lie at the headwaters of the Rualdturi and Hangaroa Rivers. The remaining lands comprise 96,835 acres, which are leased in thirty farms and stations, principally to Europeans. There are also 20,979 acres of undeveloped land. The permanent employees on the stations number over a hundred. The live-stock returns at the 30th June, 1938, were as follows : 104,338 sheep and 13,564 head of run cattle, an increase of 3,789 sheep and 1,054 cattle on last year's figures. The wool-clip for the 1938-39 season was 2,634 bales. A table is appended to show further details relative to the trusts. STATISTICAL DATA ON EAST COAST TRUST STATIONS. (N.B. —As the financial year of the East Coast Trusts ends on 30th June, limited information only is available for this report.) 1. Number of stations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 Number of farms on leased land .. .. .. .. .. 30 — 48 2. Area— Acres. Stations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 105,608 Leased .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 96,835 Undeveloped .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20,979 223,422 3. Number of employees: Stations .. .. .. .. .. 104 Other dependants: Wives and children (approximate) .. .. .. 328 Total dependants (approximate) .. .. .. 432 4. Workmen engaged through employment-promotion contracts (average per month) 38 5. Number of beneficial owners — East Coast Trusts .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,433 Mangatu Trusts .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 938 7,371

G.—lo,

6. East Coast Trust Stations.

Live-stock Tallies, 30th June, 1938. wnni ,. . inooQQ Permanent Stations. Area. _— l,),>o oJ Employees, Sheep. liun Cattle. Horses. Season. Acres. Bales. Kokomoko .. .. .. 2,495 3,972 506 21 92 4 Mangatahu .. .. .. 4,019 7,228 873 13 185 5 Okaihau.. .. .. .. 3,230 3,428 278 11 89 4 Pukutarewa .. .. .. 6,437 7,212 1,259 101 187 12 Tarndale. . .. .. .. 5,729 5,064 775 13 115 6 Waitangirua .. .. .. 11,911 4,206 593 19 92 7 Wairere .. .. .. .. 9,880 13,188 1,802 46 340 12 iwinui .. .. .. .. 1,222 2,217 558 21 44 2 Kopua .. .. .. 3,459 4,068 602 7 113 2 Mahurangi .. .. .. 4,638 7,326 1,109 14 152 5 Mangaotane .. .. .. 13,608 6,110 487 14 158 6 Onenui .. .. .. .. 4,376 8,291 889 38 232 8 Patemaru .. .. 2,004 3,687 594 12 115 3 Papuni .. .. .. .. 9,096 9,130 1,024 35 243 8 Pakowhai .. .. .. 367 600 74 2 14 1 Pohaturoa . .. .. .. 7,354 7,588 859 14 168 5 Paroa .. .. .. .. 3,683 6,449 618 39 150 8 Waimaha .. .. 12,100 4,304 660 14 140 6 Willows .. .. .. .. .. 270 4 .. 5 Totals .. .. 105,608 .104,338 13,564 434 2,634 104

6!)

a—to.

TABLE 1.—TOTAL SUMMARIZED RECEIPTS AND PAYMENTS ACCOUNTS FOR YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1939.

Receipts. n!aW( ,ta Employment Promotion Subsidies. Tntni ftaMfots Districts. Receipts, excluding Cash Collections, Sales to ' labilities Employment Grants, Scheme Produce, other Emninvmpnt to as at to 31st March, 1938. Total to 1938-39 1938-39. Schemes. 3lS March l939. 31st March > 1939 - 31st March, 1938. J I J : j ; £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Tokerau .. .. 181,815 0 3 133,886 17 5 93,549 5 8 46,553 18 7 13,732 4 6 469,537 6 5 309,410 13 3 Waikato-Maniapoto .. .. 96,337 9 7 33,748 16 3 43,522 10 10 30,852 18 10 12,986 4 6 217,448 0 0 226,824 12 0 Waiariki .. .. .. 725,284 0 6 252,411 17 11 124,209 16 11 130,275 5 11 172,508 18 6 1,404,689 19 9 773,961 8 9 Tairawhiti .. .. 317,654 13 4 32,059 10 8 24,071 18 9 29,365 3 2 61,884 18 10 465,036 4 9 179,575 6 5 Aotea .. .. .. .. 22,603 16 6 17,062 5 6 20,502 16 4 12,614 8 3 1,521 16 6 74,305 3 1 83,976 15 4 Ikaroa .. .. .. .. 8,713 3 6 2,562 4 4 9,844 17 3 4,442 7 9 487 2 3 26,049 15 1 20,770 2 1 South Island .. .. .. 7,585 18 0 17,101 4 3 4.874 15 10 3,112 12 6 .. 32,674 10 7 21,032 4 0 Head Office .. .. .. .. .. .. 191 6 7 24,539 7 3 24,730 13 10 Totals.. .. .. 1,359,994 1 8 488,832 16 4 320,576 1 7 257,408 1 7 287,660 12 4 2,714,471 13 6 1,615,551 1 10 P ayments. Districts. Expenditure, plus r , Purchase from „ t Interpat Total Expenditure, Interest, to Cash ®5g e^ ture ' Bulk and other YaS-'W plus Interest, to 31st March, 1938. Schemes. 31st March, 1939. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. Tokerau .. .. .. .. .. 494,902 19 9 241,162 8 3 29,727 0 2 13,155 11 6 778,947 19 8 Waikato-Maniapoto .. .. .. .. 284,366 4 5 133,536 14 9 15,866 11 3 10,503 1 7 444,272 12 0 Waiariki .. .. .. .. 1,577,950 18 10 403,871 19 4 163,664 13 5 33,163 16 11 2,178,651 8 6 Tairawhiti .. .. .. .. .. 483,813 6 10 96,238 14 2 56,447 19 11 8,111 10 3 644,611 11 2 Aotea .. .. .. .. .. .. 88,37114 2 64,773 17 6 1,52116 6 3,614 10 3 158,28118 5 Ikaroa .. .. .. .. .. .. 18,892 1 3 26,637 14 5 503 14 3 786 7 3 46,819 17 2 South Island .. .. .. .. .. 44,146 11 8 8,554 0 8 .. 1,006 2 3 53,706 14 7 Head Office .. .. .. .. .. .. 24,730 13 10 .. .. 24,730 13 10 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 2,992,443 16 11 999,506 2 11 267,731 15 6 70,341 0 0 4,330,022 15 4 !

G.—lo.

TABLE 2.—AREA AND STATE OF DEVELOPMENT OF SCHEMES, STATIONS, AND FARMS.

TABLE 3.—POPULATION UNDER SCHEMES, STATIONS, AND FARMS.

, . Buildings erected to 31st March, 1939. Number Gazetted „ ea , . , suitable " ~ ~ ~~ - •£. •at" jssssl oo,^,,;c.^.|w- r ,jsr | I Districts Acres. Acres. Acres. J Acres. Number. Number. Number. Number. Tokerau .. .. .. .. •• 19 456,650 80,299 120,285 ; 215,561 247 331 3 4 Waikato-Maniapoto .. ... .. 15 53,845 24,736 25,069 18,346 105 10/ 5 28 Waiariki 60 211,425 76,709 40,860 48,516 390 343 13 109 Tairawhiti . . . ..13 77,393 57,208 56,714 9,681 126 143 2 10 Aotea .. •• 15 28,197 8,011 8,723 19,987 42 15 1 4 Ikaroa .. .. .. .. •• 7 8,673 3,106 5,063 5,977 20 22 .. 9 South Island .. .. .. .. 3 3,852 2,497 1,798 850 7 17 Sub-total .. .. .. ■■ 132 840,035 252,566 258,512 218,918 937 978 24 172 II. Maori Land Boards .. .. . • •• 2 17,671 11,944 11,944 5,727 3 2 2 2 III. Native Trustee .. .. .. .. •• 9 41,685 41,685 41,685 .. 18 .. 8 11 IV. Bast Coast Trusts .. .. .. .. 18 105,608 105,608 105,608 .. N/A , .. N/A N/A Totals .. .. .. -• -• 161 1,004,999 411,803 417,749 224,645 958* | 980 34 185 N/A = Not supplied by East Coast Commissioner. * In addition, approximately 300 huts have been erected.

t , Average monthly number of WorkTotal Maori g ™ ™ Total dependent on men subsided through Employment Population: established Additional Dependants. or Promotion Fund. C0D.SUS5 1930. Qla+ Mot>nli 1QQQ L&bOUTGK. TTfl TTT1 "~ 31st March, 1939. *arm. Scheme Lands. | Private Lands, I Districts Tokerau .. .. 20,642 820 1,116 7,712 9,648 1,025 245 Waikato-Maniapoto .. .. .. 14,845 182 372 1,620 2,174 414 Waiariki .. .. 13,423 539 941 4,555 6,035 774 24 Tairawhiti 12,479 235 438 1,795 2,468 407 282 Aotea 9>7 58 198 627 883 191 95 Ikaroa 8,506 40 81 410 531 78 137 South Island .. .. 3,262 17 33 1 135 185 32 2 Sub-total 82,664 1,891 3,179 16,854 21,924 2,921 821 II. Maori Land Boards . . .. Included above .. 29 5 34 15 III. Native Trustee ........ „ .. 45 160 205 60 IV. East Coast Trusts ........ „ ! 104 j 328 432 38 Totals *82,664 1,891 3,357 17,347 22,595 3,039 821 * The population figure at the 31st March, 1939, as it will appear in the 1940 issue of the Official Year Book, is now 88,450.

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TABLE 4.-PRINCIPAL DEVELOPMENT AND FARMING ACTIVITIES UNDERTAKEN DURING THE YEAR.

BushfeJling r , . Installation Erection and Construction of: and Grassing. „ : Draining: Reading: Clearing. Cultivations. New. j New. New. Cottages.* Cow-sheds. Wool-sheds. Other Sheds. Sheep-dips. I. Districts—- f Aores - Chains. Chains. Chains. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number, wf?™ ■ •' 12,537 5 ' 000 1 > 259 12,464 7,873 2,070 2 95 134 3 4 Waikato-Mamapoto .. 7,026 3,316 617 4,098 2,641 157 10 38 27 9 7 y aian ?., 8,162 7,126 1,170 16,655 2,857 1,327 4 103 52 7 58 " 4 Tairawhiti .. .. 3,216 3,002 772 10,086 821 260 27 16 1 8 £ otea •• •• •• 2,587 2,604 508 2,290 475 1,253 12 13 7 i * kar f T 1,563 121 75 2,432 405 7 5 7 " " = South Island .... 302 315 21 109 33 2 2 1 tt M . T Sub-total .. .. 35,393 21,484 4,422 48,134 15,105 5,067 37 283 ! 243 13 to ~hT~ II. Maori Land Boards 2,141 122 . 333 50 III Native Trustee .. .. 3,690 657 285 855 139 "5 " " " 4 "3 Totals •• 41 >22± j 22,263 4,707 49,322 15,294 6,463 37 288* 243 13 82 13~ * In addition, numerous huts or hutments were built.

0.—1.0.

TABLE 5.—STATEMENT SHOWING LIVE-STOCK RETURNS AS AT 31st MARCH, 1939.

Dairy-stock. Sheep. Tallies at 31st March, 1939. Butterfat Bun Cattle. Tallies at 31st March, 1939. Working-horses. Poundage for - - Bales of Wool. Cows. I Other stock. Year " Ewes: Breeding. Dry Sheep. 1 _! I. Districts — Number. Number. lb. Number. Nnmber. Number. Number. Number. Tokerau .. .. .. 11,987 7,422 1,599,856 2,935 6,177 4,728 250 900 Waikato-JYIaniapoto .. .. 3,041 1,930 448,410 2,563 17,331 7,369 456 440 Waiariki .. .. .. 12,981 4,528 1,715,674 12,564 33,475 36,918 1,416 1,113 Tairawhiti .. .. .. 4,394 1,584 354,926 3,196 22,665 17,924 560 419 Aotea .. .. .. .. 837 499 130,547 1,054 9,752 3,674 154 169 Ikaroa .. .. .. 523 348 70,640 202 3,557 730 38 27 South Island .. .. .. 312 136 42,873 167 1,244 451 5 22 Sub-total .. .. .. 34,075 16,447 4,362,926 22,581 94,201 71,794 2,879 3,090 II. Maori Land Boards .. .. 6 13 .. 2,271 16,083 5,580 557 33 III. Native Trustee .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,069 24,543 .31.421 1,310 121 IV. East Coast Trusts .. .. .. .. .. .. 13,564 104,338* * 2,634 434 Totals .. .. .. .. j 34,081 16,460 4,362,926 44,485 239,165* 108,795* 7,380 3,678 * East Coast Trust tallies are at 30th June, 1938 ; and dry sheep are included in breeding-ewes tally.

TABLE 6.—ANALYSIS OF CASH RECEIPTS FOR THE YEAR 1938-39.

G.—10..

TABLE 7.—COMPARATIVE RETURN FOR DISTRICTS OF TOTAL RECEIPTS: STATE SCHEMES.

10— G. 10

— «««■ | : ' <*»««• I. Districts — £ £ £ £ £ £ Tokerau .. .. 36,052 3,056 6,405 1,041 46,554 110,507 Waikato-Maniapoto .. 12,488 5,502 12,065 798 30,853 46,052 Waiariki .. .. 52,956 16,957 53,836 6,527 130,276 184,991 Tairawhiti .. .. 7,948 6,254 9,259 5,904 29,365 42,753 Aotea .. .. 4,390 2,002 5,667 555 12,614 16,320 Ikaroa .. .. 1,758 496 1,304 884 4,442 7,323 South Island .. .. 768 57 1,371 917 3,113 5,417 Unallocated .. .. .. .. .. 191 191 191 Sub-total.. .. 116,360 34,324 89,907 16,817 257,408 413,554 II. Maori Land Boards .. 7,002 11,587 763 19,352 19,352 III. Native Trustee .. .. 18,772 23,753 687 43,212 43,212 Totals .. .. 123,362 53,096 125,247 18,267 319,972 476,118 Note. —Butterfat receipts for Section I State schemes denote only that proportion of cream cheques which are assigned to the Department in repayment of advances and interest due thereon. On settled schemes the policy is to accept an assignment of a percentage of the farmers' monthly milk cheque, leaving the balance for maintenance and living expenses. On those dairying schemes which have not yet been individualized, the full amount received for butterfat is retained, the workers being paid wages, but in the majority of eases a proportion only of the cream returns is actually paid to the Department. Similarly, the wool proceeds shown above do not represent quite the full amount realised at the wool-sales.

District. 1930-31. 1931-32. 1932-33. 1933-34. 1934-35. 1935-36. 1936-37. 1937-38. 1938-39. Totals. ! I t I 1 I I Tokerau .. .. 1,908 5,312 11,092 12,559 13,726 22,070 29,186 32,804 46,554 175,211 Waikato-Maniapoto .. 202 316 3,180 7,301 6,871 14,348 17,635 23,085 30,853 103,791 Waiariki .. .. 2,667 5,578 17,246 36,318 29,472 63,585 81,730 111,730 130,276 478,602 Tairawhiti .. .. .. 650 9,143 16,886 20,253 23,610 32,999 43,180 29,365 176,086 Aotea .. .. 413 1,070 916 1,404 2,180 2,687 3,988 8,244 12,614 33,516 Ikaroa .. .. .. 288 992 888 727 1,377 1,651 2,013 4,442 12,378 South Island .. 5 143 294 391 506 1,631 2,127 2,442 3,113 10,652 Head Office (unallocated) 352 72 12 .. 5,480 479 274 378 191 7,238 Totals .. 5,547 j 13,429 42,875 75,747 79,215 129,787 169,590 j 223,876 257,408 997,474

<1.-10

TABLE 8.—NATIVE HOUSING: RETURN OF OPERATIONS COMPLETED DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH 1939.

TABLE 9.—NATIVE HOUSING: RETURN OF AUTHORIZATIONS TO 31st MARCH, 1939, SHOWING THE NUMBER OF DWELLINGS TO BE ERECTED, PURCHASED, OR RENOVATED.

Notes. —(1) For the total number of authorizations since the inception of operations, see Table 8 ; (2) The figures in parentheses indicate additional works in progress but not completed at 31st March, 1939. Under Native Housing Act, 1935. TT , AT ,. x , - ' Under Native Land TotaR j. I o • i Development. -r,. , . , Ordinary. 1 bpecial. * District. " • Erected and t, , , Erected and A Erected and , Renovated. Purchased. Renovated. Purchased. Erected. Renovated. | P"<=hased. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Tokerau .. .. .. .. 2 (1) .. 34 (6) 1 95 131 (7) 1 Waikato-Maniapoto .. .. .. 4 (1) .. 134 (5) .. 38 76 (6) Waiariki ........ 4 .. 7 (2) 1 103 114 (2) 1 Tairawhiti .. .. .. .. 4 (7) .. 11 (2) .. 27 42 (9) Aotea .......... 22 (3) 5 6 .. 13 41 (3) 5 Ikaroa .. .. .. .. .. 9 (6) 1 11 (1) .. 5 25 (7) 1 South Island ........7 3 5 1 2 14 4 Totals .. .. .. .. 52 (18) 9 108 (16) 3 283 443 (34) 12

Note. —For the actual work completed at 31st March, 1939, see Table 8. Under Native Housing Act, 1935. Under Native Land Development. Totals. Ordinary. j Special. Erections. District. T ,. , Inception oi xn x- i Additions, t-, t» i Additions, Schemes to For Year x. , T , Erections. Purchases. Renovations . Erections. Purchases. Renovation ' s _ 31st March) 1938 _ 39 . Erections. Purchases. Renovations. 1938. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Number. Tokerau ...... 7 1 2 92 1 4 152 95 346 2 6 Waikato-Maniapoto . . .. 14 . . .. 55 .. 8 67 38 174 .. 8 Waiariki ...... 5 2 1 20 1 6 287 103 415 3 7 Taiiawhiti ...... 53 1 31 32 1 14 99 27 211 2 45 Aotea ...... 40 9 24 7 .. 3 29 13 89 9 27 Ikaroa ...... 37 4 19 26 1 4 15 5 83 5 23 South Island ...... 14 3 5 9 3 2 5 2 30 6 7 Totals .. .. 170 20 82 241 7 41 654 283 1,348 27 123 I i

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TABLE 10.-NATIVE HOUSING ACT, 1935: FINANCIAL RETURN OF OPERATIONS TO 31st MARCH, 1939.

Ordinary. Special. Totals. District. Authorised. Authorized. Authorized. Number o f Expended. Nuraber of Expended. Number of | ~ " Expended. Advances. Advances. Amount. Advances. | Arnount - - . — £ £ £ £ £ £ W ITM"- f J? 3 ' 224 244 97 27 ' 336 11,259 107 30,560 11,503 Waikato-Manrapoto .. .. .. .. M 6,282 2,585 63 17,969 10,372 77 24 251 12 957 Waianki .. .. .. .. 8 3,040 2,196 27 9,689 4,224 35 12'729 6*420 Tairawhiti .. .. .. .. 85 28,767 1,514 47 12,293 3,038 132 41,060 4,552 •" •• •' •• 72 24,868 12,386 11 3,050 2,060 83 27,918 14 446 * kar ° a T] \ 60 24,615 5,364 31 10,210 3,695 91 34,825 9,059 South Island 22 10,571 6,045 14 4,712 1,953 36 15^283 7,998 Totals •' ■' •' 271 101,367 30,334 290 85,259 36,601 561 186,626 66,935

G.—lo.

KEY TO NORTH ISLAND SCHEMES, ETC. Schemes (alphabetical). Number, j Schemes (alphabetical). Number. Anaura (Board) .. .. .. • • 1 Oruanui .. .. .. .. .. 61 Aohanga (Native Trust) .. .. . • 2 Oturei .. .. .. .. .. 128 * • o Oturu .. .. .. .. .. 1549 Aramiro .. .. .. .. o . , Ino Ounuwnao .. .. .. .. .. 100 Aramoho .. .. .. .. • • „ fi o TeAraroa 12 j; Parekarangi " !! 64 Arawa • • • • • • • • • • 4 Patea .. .. .. .. .. 65 Awahou .. .. .. .. .. 5 p e jj a _ _ _ t _ _ _, .. 66 Bay of Islands, vide boundaries. Pihama .. .. .. .. 67 Brents .. .. .. .. . • 6 Te Piki .. .. .. .. 68 Hakurenga (Native Trust) .. .. .. 7 Pirongia (Kopua) .. .. .. 70 Hangatiki .. .. .. .. .. 8 Porangahau .. .. .. .. .. 131 Haparangi .. .. .. .. .. 9 Poroporo (2) .. .. .. .. 71 Haparapara .. .. .. .. 10 Pouto .. .. .. .. 72 Hauraki, vide, boundaries. Pukaingataru.. .. .. .. 73 Hauraki, vide also Te Uriwha .. .. 12 Pukehina .. .. .. .. 74 Hereheretau .. .. .. .. 13 Te Puke .. .. .. .. 75 Heretaunga (13) .. .. .. ..14 Pungareliu .. .. .. .. .. 132 Hoia (Native Trust) .. .. .. 15 Putaruru .. .. .. .. 76 Hokianga, vide boundaries. Putauaki .. .. .. .. 77 Te Kaha Proper .. .. .. .. 16 Rakautatahi .. .. .. .. 78 Kahungunu .. .. .. .. 17 Ranana .. .. .. .. 79 Kaipara, vide boundaries. Ranui .. .. .. .. .. 133 Te Kao .. .. .. .. 19 Reureu .. .. .. .. 80 Kaponga 1 and 2 .. .. .. 20 Eongomaipapa .. .. .. ..81 Kawhia (Mangaora) .. .. .. .. 21 Rotoiti .. .. .. .. 82 Korohe .. .. .. .. 22 Rotokautuku (2) .. .. .. 83 Kopua (Pirongia) .. .. .. .. 70 Rotorua Nursery .. .. .. 84 To Kuiti .. .. .. .. 23 Ruatahuna .. .. .. . ■ 85 Mahia (3) .. .. .. .. 24 Ruataniwha .. .. .. .. .. 134 Mahoenui .. .. .. .. 25 Ruatoki .. .. .. .. 86 Maketu Parm.. .. .. .. 26 Tahcke .. .. .. .. 87 Makirikiri .. .. .. .. 27 Takatahu .. .. .. .. 88 Manawatu .. .. .. . ■ 28 Taihape .. .. .. .. .. 135 Mangaora (Kawhia) .. .. .. .. 21 Tahoraite .. .. .. .. 89 Mangaweka .. .. ' .. .. .. 30 Tauranga (4) .. .. .. .. 90 Mangonui, vide boundaries. Tauranga-Taupo .. .. .. 91 Maniapoto, vide boundaries. Tautoro .. .. .. .. 92 Manukau .. .. .. .. .. 31 Tawanui (Native Trust) .. .. 93 Manunui .. .. .. .. 32 Te Uriwha (Hauraki) . . .. .. 12 Maraenui .. .. .. .. 33 Tihiotonga (2) .. .. .. 94 Matakana Island .. .. .. 34 Tikitere .. .. .. .. 95 Matata .. .. .. .. 35 Tikorangi .. .. .. .. 96 Mangaorapa .. .. .. .. 36 Tiratu (Native Trust) .. .. .. 97 Maungaroa .. .. .. .. 37 Tokaanu .. .. .. .. 98 Mohaka .. .. .. .. 38 Torere .. .. .. .. 99 Mohinui .. .. .. .. .. 125 Tuhourangi .. .. .. .. .. 100 Morikau (Board) .. .. .. 39 Tunaeke .. .. .. .. .. 101 Motatau .. .. .. .. 40 Tuparoa (5) .. .. .. .. .. 102 Motiti Island .. .. .. .. 41 Turanganui .. .. .. .. .. 103 Motuweka (5) (Native Trust) .. .. 42 Waewaetutuki .. .. .. .. 105 Ngahape .. .. .. .. 43 Waiapu-Matakaoa (5) .. .. .. .. 106 Ngataki .. .. .. .. ■. 126 Waihi-Pukawa (2) .. .. .. .. 136 Ngatiawa .. .. .. ■ ■ 44 Waihua .. .. .. .. .. 107 Ngatimanawa.. .. .. .. ..45 Waikaretu .. .. .. .. .. 108 Ngati-Tuara .. .. .. .. 46 Waikato, vide boundaries. Nuhaka .. .. .. .. •• 127 Waikaukau .. .. .. .. .. 110 Oaonui (2) .. .. .. .. ..47 Waima .. .. .. .. .. 11l Ohinepuhiawe .. .. .. ..48 Waimiha .. .. .. .. .. 112 Okaiawa .. .. .. .. ..49 Waiohau .. .. .. .. .. 113 Okareka .. .. .. .. 50 Waiomio .. .. .. .. .. 137 Okaroro .. .. .. .. ..51 Whakatane .. .. .. .. .. 116 Okataina .. .. .. .. 52 Whakatohea .. .. .. .. .. 117 Okere .. .. .. .. ..53 Whakatohea-Wainui .. .. .. .. 118 Omaio .. .. .. .. ..54 Whangaehu (3) .. .. .. .. 119 Opapalci .. .. .. .. ..56 Whangaparaoa .. .. .. .. 120 Opape .. .. .. .. 57 Whangaparaoa (I'otikirua) .. .. .. 138 Opunake .. .. .. .. 59 Wharekahika (4) .. .. .. .. 121 Oreteland2.. .. .. .. ..60 Whareongaonga .. .. .. .. 122 Note. —Schemes commenced or reorganized during the year 1938-39, although in alphabetical order, are not necessarily shown in their correct numerical sequence.

G—10.

NORTH ISLAND showing (in red) Native Land Development Schemes, together with Names and Boundaries of Native Land Court Districts.

G.-10.

SOUTH ISLAND showing Native Land Development Schemes.

No. 3. Hokianga Scheme: A Settler's Property in Rena Valley, in the Mitimiti District, showing the Result after Two Years' Development of the Land.

11— Gr. 10.

G.—lo.

TOKERAU (NORTH AUCKLAND) DISTRICT.

No. 1. Hokianga Scheme: Showing good-quality Native Land in Mitimiti District capable of Development.

No. 2. Hokianga Scheme: A Settler harrowing in the Fertile Lower Waihou Valley, with the Warawara State Forest in the Background.

G —10.

TOKERAU (NORTH AUCKLAND) DISTRICT.

No. 4. Hokianga Scheme: A Well-kept Settler's Dwelling which was erected by Native Labour.

No. 5. Hokianga Scheme: An Old-age Pensioner's Cottage built by Native Labour under the "Special" Housing Scheme.

G —10

"WAIKATO-MANIAPOTO (SOUTH AUCKLAND) DISTRICT.

No. 6. Housing Scheme: Maori Carpenters at Work on a Cottage for a Settler, which took Twelve Days to complete.

No. 7. Housing Scheme: A Group of Houses erected near Paeroa under the "Special" Housing Scheme.

G.—lo

WAIARIKI (ROTORUA) DISTRICT.

No. 8. Taheke Scheme: The New Wool-shed and Dip.

No. 9. Ruatoki Scheme: A Calf-feed Pen on a Settler's Farm.

No. 10. Tauranga-Taupo Scheme: Tractors at Work on Foothills.

G.—lo.

WAIARIKI (ROTORUA) DISTRICT.

No. 11. Horohoro-waikaukau Scheme: A View of the Farm adjudicated First in the Ahuwhenua Trophy Competition, 1939. (J. Edwards.)

No. 12. Horohoro-Waikaukau Scheme: The Cow-shed of the Winning Farm in the Ahuwhenua Trophy Competition, 1939.

G.—lo

WAIARIKI (ROTORUA) DISTRICT.

No. 13. The Governor-General presenting the Ahuwhenua Trophy to J. Edwards, the Winner, at Kearoa Meeeting-house, Horoboro, April, 1939.

No. 14. Horohoro-Waikaukau Scheme: The Turnip Crop of the Winner of the Ahuwhenua Trophy.

No. 15. Ruatoki Scheme: A Haymaking Scene.

d—lo.

TAIRAWHITI (GISBORNE) DISTRICT.

No. 16. Waiapu-Matakaoa Scheme: A Settler's Milking Herd.

No. 17. Waiapu-M atakaoa Scheme: A Settler's Dairy Farm which was placed Third in the Ahuwhenua Trophy Competition for 1938-39.

G.- 10.

TAIRAWHITI (GISBORNE) DISTRICT.

No. 18. Wharekahika Scheme: An Old Type of Cow-shed.

No. 19. Wharekahika Scheme: A New Cow-shed built for a Settler.

6—lo.

TAIRAWHITI (GISBORNE) DISTRICT.

No. 20. Wharekahika Scheme: The Former Type of Dwelling used by a Settler.

No. 21. Waiapu-Matakaoa Scheme: A New Dwelling erected for a Settler.

12— G. 10.

G—lo.

AOTEA (WANGANUI) DISTRICT.

No. 22. Manunui Scheme: A View of Portion of the Land being developed.

No. 23. Morikau Station: Showing the Buildings and Home Paddocks.

No. 24. Oaonui Scheme: Showing Undeveloped and Developed Land.

G.—lo

AOTEA (WANGANUI) DISTRICT.

No. 25. Reureu Scheme: Showing the Former Dwelling of a Settler and the New House built for him.

No. 26. Manunui Scheme: Twenty Tons of Grass-seed being mixed under the Supervision of Officers from the Department of Agriculture, the Order being for Autumn Sowing, 1939, on this Scheme.

13— G. 10.

Crlo

IKAIIOA (WELLINGTON) AND SOUTH ISLAND DISTRICTS.

No. 27. Heretaunga Scheme: Thrashing Rye-grass.

No. 28. Southland Scheme: Typical Country being developed.

No. 29. Southland Scheme: After Stumping, the Land is ploughed and sown in Swedes.

G.—lo.

NATIVE TRUST STATIONS.

No. 30. Hoia Station: A General View, including a Mob of Wethers.

No. 31. Hoia Station: Choice Land looking towards the Homestead.

No. 32. Tawanui Station: A Description appears in the Narrative re an Experiment with Top-dressing for combating Sheep-sick Country. The Sheep on Left are "Control" Ewes and Lambs, and those on the Right are "Cobalt" Ewes.

GK—lO,

CONCRETE-POST MANUFACTURING (VARIOUS DISTRICTS).

No. 33. King-country Schemes: Concrete Posts made by Maori Workers.

No. 34. Ruatoki Scheme: Showing Concrete Fencing-posts and Water-troughs which are being seasoned after Manufacture.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing. (900 copies, including illustrations and maps), £170.

By Authority: E. Y. PAUL, Government Printer, Wellington. —1939. PricAi 28w (13.1

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NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROVISION OF HOUSES FOR MAORIS, INCLUDING EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION. REPORT ON—BY BOARD OF NATIVE AFFAIRS., Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1939 Session I, G-10

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50,846

NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROVISION OF HOUSES FOR MAORIS, INCLUDING EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION. REPORT ON—BY BOARD OF NATIVE AFFAIRS. Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1939 Session I, G-10

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NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROVISION OF HOUSES FOR MAORIS, INCLUDING EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION. REPORT ON—BY BOARD OF NATIVE AFFAIRS. Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1939 Session I, G-10

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Pages 1-20 of 92

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Bibliographic details

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NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROVISION OF HOUSES FOR MAORIS, INCLUDING EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION. REPORT ON—BY BOARD OF NATIVE AFFAIRS. Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1939 Session I, G-10

Using This Item

No known copyright (New Zealand)

NATIVE LAND DEVELOPMENT AND THE PROVISION OF HOUSES FOR MAORIS, INCLUDING EMPLOYMENT PROMOTION. REPORT ON—BY BOARD OF NATIVE AFFAIRS. Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1939 Session I, G-10

Using This Item

No known copyright (New Zealand)