REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1937. [In continuation of E.-1, 1937.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1938 Session I, E-01

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1938. NEW ZEALAND.

REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st DECEMBER, 1937. [In continuation of E.-1, 1937.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

CONTENTS.

NO of Title of Section. Page s^io ° n f Title of Section. Page 1. Introductory and General .. .. .. 2 20. Intermediate Schools and Departments .. 35 2 Types of Schools .. .. • • .. 12 21. Post-primary Education .. .. .. 35 3* Cost of Education .. • ■ .. 12 22. Evening Technical Classes and Part-time Day 4. School Buildings and Sites. . .. 13 Classes .. .. •. • ■ 36 5. Number of Schools 14 23. Native Schools .. .. .. 3b 6 Enrolment at Educational Institutions .. 15 24. Registered Private Primary Schools.. .. 3b 7 Regularity of Attendance .. . . .. 22 25. Private Secondary Schools (Registered) .. 37 8. Staffs of Schools . . .. • • ■ • 22 26. Correspondence School .. .. .. 37 9. Number of Pupils and Adult Teachers in the 27. Kindergarten Schools .. .. . . 37 Public Primary Schools of the different Educa- 28. Consolidation of Schools .. .. .. 38 tirm r>ia+rict<! .. 24 29. Conveyance and Board of Pupils .. 38 10. Size of Classes " !! .. -.24 30. Manual Instruction 39 11. Classification of Teachers .. .. ..25 31. Physical Education .. .. ..39 12. Salaries of Teachers .. .. -.27 32. School Music .. .. .. .. 39*. 13. Pupils leaving Public Primary Schools .. 29 33. Training of Teachers . . .. . . 3J 14. Pupils commencing Post - primary Course in 34. Higher (University) Education .. "a State Schools . . . • • .. 29 35. Annual Examinations . . . . . . 41" 15. Destination of Pupils 30 36. Child Welfare ... .. .. 43 16 Vocational Guidance and Placement .. 33 37. Teachers Superannuation Fund .. .. 44 17. Length of Post-primary Course .. .. 34 Appendix—Statement of Expenditure and Re--18. Free Places in Post-primary Schools .. 35— coveries, &c. .. .. •• ..45 19. Special Classes for Backward Children .. 35

Office of the Department of Education, Your Excellency,— Wellington, 13th July, 1938. I have the honour, in accordance with the provisions of the Education Act, 1914, to submit to Your Excellency the following report upon the progress and' condition of public education in New Zealand during the year ended the 31st December, 1937. I have, &c., His Excellency the Governor-General of the P. Fraser. Dominion of New Zealand.

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REPORT.

i. INTRODUCTORY AND GENERAL. In the report for the year ended 31st December, 1936, reference was made to the policy of the Government and to the fact that a substantial beginning had been made in fulfilment of the programme. During the year 1937 a further distinct advance has been made, mainly in the provision of additional financial assistance for the different branches of education. The specific advances projected in the Introductory and General portion of the previous year's report have been made. The capitation payable to kindergartens is now based upon the average roll instead of upon the average attendance. The rate of boarding-allowance payable to assist country children to attend primary and post-primary schools has been increased from ss. to 7s. 6d. Increased financial provision has been made under the various headings relating to school buildings and sites. The proposed Council of Adult Education has been set up, and the grant for adult-education activities increased. Teachers have been appointed to act as vocational guidance officers on the staffs of the technical high schools in the four main centres. The proposed conferences on various aspects of education have been held, and their reports, as well as the recommendations of the committees set up to deal with the questions of teachers' salaries and grading and the staffing of schools, are under consideration. Some problems by their very nature have not been completely solved because of the necessary exploratory or research work that had to be undertaken. In the case of educational reorganization, a committee carefully considered at my request the views expressed by education authorities and organizations on the resolutions and recommendations of the Parliamentary Recess Education Committee, 1930. During the year a committee consisting of representatives of the Department and the New Zealand Educational Institute investigated the question of text-books for use in public schools, and another committee consisting of representatives of the Education Boards, the Department, and the New Zealand Educational Institute drafted for public schools a new staffing schedule, new salary scales, and reviewed the present numerical grading system. The reports of these committees are under consideration. The New Zealand Council of Educational Research, which undertook to report on the intermediate-school system, will, it is understood, issue its report early in 1938. The lowering of the age of admission to school to five years has become fully operative, and approximately 17,400 children under six years of age were in the schools during the year. The admission of these young children found permanent employment for a considerable number of teachers. It was deemed advisable at the beginning of the year to admit 607 Division A and 76 graduate students to the Training Colleges to prepare for the reforms the Government has in view—namely, the raising of the schoolleaving age to fifteen years and reduction in the size of classes. The total number of students in the four colleges was 1,350, the largest number they have ever had. The Division A students entered upon a two-year course and the graduates upon a one-year course. At the end of the year 689 students completed their training and will during 1938 be employed as probationary assistants to gain further experience in teaching and class management before they receive permanent appointments. Sixty-one students (including thirteen students who served as probationary assistants in 1937) were retained in the

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colleges for a third year to specialize in such subjects as art, music, physical education, science, languages, and methods applicable to teaching special groups of children. The Board of Studies set up at Wellington to co-ordinate the work of the Training College and the University College has worked very successfully. It has taken a personal interest in the students, and has helped those who wished to attend University classes to plan their proposed courses as suitably as possible. It has also taken a keen interest in a number of other matters affecting the students. I have under consideration the question of setting up a Board of Studies in the other Training College centres. All teachers not in permanent positions at the beginning of 1937 and not otherwise required were in the meantime employed as supernumerary teachers in schools where their services were most needed. They were informed that they were to apply for permanent positions as these became vacant and were to be available for transfer to other districts, if the need arose. Towards the end of the year it was necessary to call upon some to render service under other Education Boards. I regret that during the early weeks of the year many schools in most parts of the Dominion had to be kept closed because of the prevalence of infantile paralysis. I wish to express my appreciation of the manner in which instruction was given by the teachers by means of correspondence tuition, broadcasting, and other means, and my thanks to all who made these forms of instruction possible, the teachers, the press, the National Broadcasting Service, and the Post Office. The Government was pleased to decide that teachers and students who would normally have taken up new positions on the Ist February should be paid as from that date. Similarly consideration was given to the claims of contractors for the conveyance of children to school for the periods during which the schools were closed, and with the object of obviating hardship it was decided to pay to the contractor 75 per cent, of what he would have received had the schools been open. Dates of school terms and holidays fixed in accordance with the regulations for the year 1937 were modified, first on account of the closing of the schools during the infantile paralysis outbreak, and, secondly, to give teachers an opportunity of attending the sessions of the New Education Fellowship Conference. All primary schools and the majority of post-primary schools were closed for the period of the Conference, and the first or second term holidays were reduced accordingly. Some post-primary schools, in view of the late start, elected to have only two terms, the term holidays being taken in the month of July. As the provisions of the Education Amendment Act, 1936, in respect to the abolition of the Proficiency Examination and the discontinuance of the issue of Certificates of Proficiency became operative as from the 30th September, 1937, regulations were made providing for the issue of Primary School Certificates to pupils who had completed a course of Form II in a public school, Native school, or private school. These certificates are issued by head teachers. There is good reason for believing that the abolition of this examination will be a milestone in the history of education in the Dominion. The teachers have already accepted the freedom and the responsibility that is associated with it, and I look forward to greater originality and greater initiative in the courses of work in the primary schools than has been the case in the past. I feel sure that the teachers will now endeavour to provide for their pupils, as far as possible, the course of work for which each has the most aptitude and inclination. On the 24th June, 1937, a representative gathering of departmental officers, principals of schools, and others interested in visual education discussed this question. The following were the more important topics : The place of the cinema in education; the relative merits of the silent and the sound

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film ; the training of teachers in the technique of teaching through the medium of the film ; the utility of other mechanical devices for visual education ; and the adaptation of a room in every school to serve as a school theatre where the maximum amount of sunlight could be excluded with the minimum interference with ventilation. The conference was unanimous on the question of the importance of visual aids in education. The relatively very large number of schools necessitated by the distribution of our small population over a large area makes the problem of organizing and financing the stipply of projectors and films one of considerable difficulty. I have accordingly appointed a special committee to report on ways and means of equipping our schools with aids to visual education, whether by means of moving pictures or otherwise. Early in 1937 I convened a conference on the subject of physical education. The members included representatives of the Education and Health Departments and of various branches of the teaching profession, together with other persons well qualified to speak on the subject. The Minister of Internal Affairs showed his keen interest in the subject by attending and presiding whenever I was unable to be present. Discussion was thorough: the provision of suitable text-books for both primary and post-primary schools; the training of teachers and of specialist instructors for service in the field ; appropriate clothing, footwear, and school lunches ; hygienic construction of schools ; suitable equipment for playgrounds and class-rooms ; the continuation of the physical training of those who have left school; the special provision necessary in schools and health camps for those of subnormal physical development ; the place of military training in the postprimary curriculum ; the use of school-grounds outside regular school hours for general recreational purposes, and the best means for arousing in the community the desire for physical efficiency ; the supervision and direction of a scheme for physical training—all these were the subject of valuable recommendations. Since the conference, special consideration has been given to these recommendations, and I hope before long to be able to announce the Government's intentions in this very important matter. For the first time for many years the Lecturers in Agriculture in the Training Colleges and the Education Boards' Instructors in Agriculture were called to a meeting in Wellington to consider instruction in agriculture in the schools, to take stock of what has been done and the methods employed, and to discuss future procedure. Various aspects of the subject were fully reviewed, special attention being given to the organization and progress of boys' and girls' clubs, the teaching of nature-study and elementary science, the teaching of agriculture in the secondary departments of district high schools, garden-work, and the use of the columns of the Education Gazette as a means of disseminating information. The lecturers and instructors expressed their appreciation of the opportunity of meeting together to discuss matters in which all were so keenly interested and of considering procedure that has proved effective in other districts. The importance of agriculture to the Dominion is undoubted : it is essential, therefore, that the subject should be handled in the schools in the manner that will be productive of the best and most lasting results. As an outcome of the conference the Education Gazette has published a series of articles on native shrubs in furtherance of a scheme of tree-raising, so that as many schools as possible may join in a tree-planting scheme as part of the Centenary Celebrations in 1940. On the 18th March, 1937, a conference of Education Boards' architects met to exchange views on the question of school buildings generally, also the maintenance of buildings and the equipment and furniture of class-rooms. The practices followed in each district were discussed, and general agreement was arrived at as to future practice, particularly in the design for open-air classrooms and in the construction of school furniture.

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Towards the end of the year a conference of Principals, Vice-Principals, and Wardens of Women Students was held to discuss a wide range of topics concerning the training of teachers. The resolutions and recommendations adopted were of a very useful nature, among them being one in favour of a committee for each Training College for the purpose of securing greater co-operation between the Training Colleges and the University Colleges. Such a committee was provided in 1936 for the Wellington Training College and has been referred to earlier in this report. In my opinion, it is desirable that Training College students should be brought as closely into touch with the University College students as circumstances will allow, in order that the culture of the University may become incorporated in the course pursued by the teacher-in-training, to be handed on in turn by him to the community in which he will work. To give effect to the decisions of the Government and in some cases to provide for the equitable distribution of the increased grants made available by Parliament it was necessary to amend many of the regulations made under the Education Act, 1914, and to make new regulations. The principal alterations were : — (a) As regards the grading of schools —a regulation providing for grading public and Native schools for the year 1938 on the average roll number for the first four weeks of the third term of the year 1937. This will mean that schools will be graded and staffed on almost, if not quite, " peak " attendance. (b) The Native Schools Regulations —amended to provide for improved staffing in certain grades of schools. (c) The Primary Schools Classification and Certificate—regulations to provide for the issue of a Primary School Certificate to take the place of the Proficiency and Competency Certificates, which were abolished. (d) The kindergarten grants —regulations to provide for the allocation of the increased grant that was made available. (e) The Training College Regulations —provision for increased allowance for students in their third year of training. (/) The fee payable for the admission of certain candidates for the Intermediate Examination was abolished. (g) In the case of certain post-primary school Boards, provision was made for the refund from the Board's incidental expenses grant of the expenses incurred by an applicant for a vacant position in appearing before the Board for an interview at its request. (h) In connection with the inauguration of the milk scheme on a national basis, School Committees were authorized to pay out of their incidental expenses grants for the cost of apparatus for the storing and distribution of milk. (i) The existing regulations relating to bursaries at University Colleges were revoked, and the University National Bursary Regulations, 1937, were made in which provision was made for the award of bursaries on a Higher Leaving Certificate qualification and for additional benefits referred to in my report last year. (k) The regulations relating to payments to Education Boards for school and class libraries were amended to allow the Minister to fix payments in excess of the capitation rate previously in force. This amendment was necessary to allow of the distribution of the increased sum—£s,ooo —on this service. During 1937 there was little legislation affecting education, but provision was made for the validation of certain matters in connection with Wairarapa College and for the reduction of school-tuition fees where the school year is curtailed— e.g., on account of an epidemic. Although the change does not affect my Department directly, it is of interest to record here that legislative provision was made in December, 1937, for the establishment of a New Zealand School of Agriculture in connection with the University of New Zealand for the purpose of

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co-ordinating and developing higher education in agriculture. The School of Agriculture consists of the Canterbury Agricultural College and the Massey Agricultural College. Modern developments are making the teaching of the principles of personal safety an essential part of the school curriculum. The Education Department accordingly places great importance on the teaching of the theory and practice of safety on the highway. The Department has a representative on the Road Safety Council, and lias co-operated with the Transport Department in the compilation and distribution of a pamphlet addressed to parents and children on the question of road safety. From time to time advice on this matter is issued to teachers through the medium of the Education Gazette. Advice has also been given on the handling of firearms, the danger associated with detonators and electric wires, and on the prevention of fire. In my report last year reference was made to the possibility of a larger grant being made available in 1937 for free kindergartens. I am pleased to say that Parliament voted £10,000, as against £6,000 for the previous year, and the distribution of the increased amount was effected in accordance with the amended regulations made in that behalf which provided for payment on the average number of pupils on the roll for each term instead of on the average attendance for the year. This is advantageous to the kindergartens and has enabled them to raise the salaries of some, at least, of their teachers. In addition to the increased amounts available by way of capitation, the grant available has enabled financial assistance to be given towards the cost of kindergarten buildings in cases where funds have been raised locally. An event of outstanding importance during the year was the visit of the delegation of lecturers for the New Education Fellowship Conference, the New Zealand sessions of which were held at Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch, and Dunedin during the month of July. The attendance of teachers and others at the lectures and the seminars exceeded all expectations, and unprecedented enthusiasm was manifest during the whole of the conference, which could not, therefore, have any but a stimulating and inspiring effect upon the teachers and the public. Every one who took an interest in the conference appreciated the opportunity of meeting and of hearing ladies and gentlemen who were familiar because of the pre-eminent positions they occupied in the educational world. It is difficult to assess the value of such a visit, but it must have been very great. It was the privilege of my senior officers and myself to spend a couple of days in consultation with members of the delegation in connection with matters of administration, and I wish to record my appreciation of, and thanks for, the assistance I received on that occasion. One of the first results of the visit of the delegates has been the formation of branches in the four chief centres for the purpose of study and research. Under the scheme relating to the exchange of New Zealand teachers with those from other parts of the Empire, twenty-three New Zealand teachers were serving abroad. Of these, eleven exchanged with teachers from Great Britain, four with teachers from Canada, and eight with teachers representing all the Australian States except Queensland. Two exchanges were arranged between post-primary teachers in Wales and Tasmania respectively, the balance beingexchanges of primary-school teachers. During the year 1937 there was increased activity amongst boys' and girls' agricultural clubs. In the 1935-36 season there were approximately 5,210 entries and some 4,000 projects completed, while for the following season there were 9,600 and 6,750 respectively. The majority of projects were calf-rearing and crop-growing, but in a few cases projects in beekeeping and pig-rearing were attempted. The Stuart Wilson Cup is awarded for the most meritorious performance in root-crop competitions, while the Henry A. Lane Shield is awarded to the school obtaining the highest points in club competitions. The Cup was awarded to R. Balsom, of Meremere School, Taranaki, and the Henry A. Lane Shield to Bird Road School, Taranaki.

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During the year special consideration has been given to the replacement of school buildings that were found to have outlived their usefulness and the erection of new schools to replace more or less unsatisfactory rented accommodation. In the most urgent cases where teachers in charge were unable to secure satisfactory accommodation new residences have been provided. Consideration has also been given to the remodelling of out-of-date school biddings in order that more satisfactory conditions could be provided for the children attending. In certain localities it has been found possible to close a number of small country schools and accommodate the children in new and up-to-date buildings situated at some convenient centre. The size of class-rooms has been under consideration during the year, and it was decided to increase the size of the standard class-room as from the beginning of the year 1938 from 24 ft. by 22 ft. to 26 ft. by 24 ft. The extent of the activity in school-building work generally may be gauged from the fact that the Public Works Fund item for Education buildings for the financial year ] 937-38 totalled £552,000 and the expenditure for that period exceeded the sum mentioned. At the end of the year 1937 there were in service 41 school buses owned by the Education Department. Of that number, no fewer than 14 were placed in service during the year in the districts as follows : Ruawai, 4; Hunterville and Otorohanga, 2 each ; K atikati, Mangorei, Urenui, Marton, Mokau, and Raurimu, 1 each. In addition, 3 school buses were under construction to the order of the Department. The total number of children actually committed under the provisions of the Child Welfare Act to the care of the Child Welfare Brance of the Education Department during the year shows an increase as compared with the previous year. An important part of the work of Child Welfare Officers is concerned with the readjustment of conditions in homes and families in order to prevent the committal of children or the need for their appearance before the Children's Courts. For the many cases placed under the supervision of Child Welfare Officers by the Courts the Department utilizes the services of the Big Brother Organizations, both Y.M.C.A. and Catholic. In addition, honary Child Welfare Officers of both sexes are appointed for most country communities and are giving valuable service in the work of the branch. Details of the work of the year are given in a separate paper, E.-4. In the Correspondence School the year has been one of progress in many directions. There has been a continued steady growth in the enrolment in the primary division, and a more rapid increase in the secondary division. The number of pupils enrolled on the ground of physical disability has shown a marked increase, and now exceeds 10 per cent, of the total enrolment. This increase has been met by the appointment of additional teachers for this special work, and has led to considerable development in the teaching of various arts and crafts. Within the Wellington city and suburban area disability pupils have been visited by a member of the staff on enrolment, and subsequently at intervals as often as could be arranged. The subjects of instruction have been increased by the addition of woodwork, shorthand, and typewriting, while greatly increased attention has been given to the teaching of other forms of handwork and the various branches of science. In the third term the Headmaster visited the homes of a number of pupils in the Hawke's Bay Education District. This visit broke new ground and is likely to be the forerunner for a series of district gatherings of pupils and teachers during school vacations, as well as a series of home-to-home visits by selected members of staff. The Parents' Association and Ex-Pupils' Association have continued to work actively in the interests of the school.

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During the year the policy of consolidation of schools was proceeded with wherever circumstances indicated that increased efficiency in the education of the children would take place and wherever the majority of the parents was favourable to this policy. That the attitude of parents generally is becoming more and more favourable to consolidation is indicated by the fact that during the year approval was given to the consolidation of some 103 small schools on some 57 central schools. During the previous year, 1936, the corresponding figures were 27 small schools consolidated on 20 central schools. For the whole previous period ending 31st December, 1935, during which the policy of consolidation has been effective, approximately 103 small schools were closed on 68 centres. Approval of the closing of a grand total of some 233 schools on 145 centres was given to 31st December, 1937, of which 130 small schools were consolidated on 77 central schools during the years 1936 and 1937. The above figures do not take into account any cases where conveyance services established have avoided the necessity for the erection of new schools, and there is no doubt that with the extension of these services considerable capital expenditure on buildings as well as annual expenditure on salaries and allowances has been avoided. It is estimated that consolidations approved in .1937 and effective from the beginning of 1938 affected the educational facilities of some 7,500 children (including those children previously in attendance at the central schools) and that the net additional cost for the year was some £1,400. Additional costs of conveyance services are estimated to be £20,000, offset by savings in other directions (mainly in salaries and allowances) of £18,600. Owing to fluctuations in school population and to consequent differences in the grading of schools from year to year, as well as to various other factors, it is not possible to state costs with positive accuracy, but the estimated net position indicates the cost to the Government of the increased educational facilities made possible by consolidation for the 7,500 pupils concerned. These increased facilities include more specialized and efficient staffing, better classification of pupils, in many cases manual-training facilities, and in some cases secondary-education facilities. As consolidation proceeds it becomes more and more possible to bring to the country pupils the special facilities which were found previously only in the centres of greater population. The intention to assist still further the country children who desired to proceed with their education beyond the primary stage was fulfilled in some measure by the increase to 7s. 6d. per week of the allowance towards the cost of board. Full responsibility for the work of vocational guidance of pupils at postprimary schools, which for some years past has been carried on almost entirely by voluntary organizations, has now been taken by the Government. Eight Vocational Guidance Officers (four men and four women) have been appointed, two to each of the four chief cities ; and Educational Guidance Officers, known as " Careers Teachers," have also been selected at certain large post-primary schools to work in conjunction with the district Vocational Guidance Officers. So far as the work of finding positions for school-leavers is concerned, the Vocational Guidance Officers will act in collaboration with the officers of the Placement Service of the Labour Department, and in each of the four main cities a " Youth Centre " has been established where the work of guidance and placement is undertaken jointly by officers of the Education and Labour Departments. The services of those voluntary organizations known as Youth Employment and Guidance Committees have been retained in an advisory capacity to act as a link between the Youth Centres and industry. The opportunity is taken of placing on record the thanks of the Government for the splendid work done by these committees during the difficult years of the depression and afterwards. In the year 1929 and previously grants were made by way of subsidy and voluntary contributions to country libraries. This financial year a sum of £3,000

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was made available for the inauguration of a scheme for a regular supply of books and expert library assistance to such libraries. An Officer and staff will be appointed to organize the scheme next year. Progress has been made in the co-ordination and the extension of the activities of the bodies concerned in adult education, and to this end a sum of £6,500 was made available this year. Part of this amount has been set aside for the extension of the classes under the Workers' Educational Association attended by workers employed on construction work in isolated districts and who are living in Public Works camps. Next year it is hoped with the aid of the Council of Adult Education to co-ordinate the activities of the various organizations that are engaged in the important work of disseminating education among the adult population of the Dominion. The rolls of Native schools continue to increase. The policy of providing a sound education suited to the present needs of the Maori youth and of making the school of value and service to the Maori community has been proceeded with during the year. The latter has been brought about by emphasizing the social and community aspects of education. Increased attention has been given to physical welfare, while attention to ordinary academic studies has not been lessened, with the result that the work of the schools shows increased efficiency. In the realization that those bodies mostly concerned in instruction in swimming and life-saving should receive some financial assistance to carry on their work a grant of £1,200 was made available to Education Boards for this purpose, while £560 was paid to the New Zealand Amateur Swimming Association, which willingly undertook to co-operate with Education Boards in giving instruction. In order to make adequate provision for the teaching of subjects related to the home arts, a woman Inspector of Home Science and a woman Supervisor of Domestic Subjects will be appointed early next year. These officers will be concerned with the extension and development of domestic arts in the training of girls in primary and post-primary schools. Appointments will also be made of experienced women as advisers in the work of infant departments and kindergartens. It is proposed to subsidize the appointment of an officer in each of the four main centres who will be attached to the Training College stafi but whose work will be to act as a liaison officer between the museums and the schools. There is general agreement that the first consideration for children must be their health. Health comes even before education. While the subject is dealt with in the annual report of the Director-General of Health, I consider that it is of sufficient importance to record a few facts here. Up to May of the present year — 1938 —a period of two years and five months of the present Administration, four additional School Medical Officers have been appointed ; and five additional School Nurses, as well as twelve additional District Nurses, who usually do school work as well as carrying out their other duties, have also been appointed. On assuming office as Minister in December, 1935, I discovered that the number of student dental nurses admitted to the Dental Clinic in that year was only 30, and that this number was barely sufficient to maintain the system at its existing strength. In 1936 the number admitted was increased to 50, in 1937 it was increased to 75, and again in 1938 to 75. In November, 1935, the number of student dental nurses was 53. At the present time there are 140 ; an increase of 87. A very considerable number of these will shortly be available for work in the School Dental Clinics throughout the country. Twenty new clinics are being established in districts where until now this service had not been available. A number of existing clinics has been strengthened so that more children can be treated. The trainingaccommodation available was quite insufficient for even enough Dental Nurses to attend to the teeth of the children up to Standard IV, or the age of twelve, far less to give attention to the children in the upper standards and in the post-primary schools, which is the objective of the Government. It became early apparent that a new Dental Clinic was essential, and it is in the process of being built on the old Te Aro School site in Willis Street, Wellington.

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In the meantime, the old Prime Minister's residence in Tinakori Road has been pressed into service. The milk-in-schools scheme is operating smoothly and efficiently. The reports of the Inspectors of Schools in every education district speak of the very efficient arrangements made for receiving the milk, the marked expedition with which it is distributed, and the high degree of cleanliness attending its consumption. Pupils, teachers, and parents are very enthusiastic concerning this established benefit. The evidence submitted to the Social Security Committee of the House of Representatives by a representative of the New Zealand Educational Institute contained the following paragraph : —- " Although I have not been in the schools since the milk scheme was introduced, I have moved among the teachers a lot, and the unanimous opinion, as far as I can gather, is that the giving of milk has had a very remarkable effect. In most cases the response from the children in the class-rooms has astonished the teachers. There is much more mental activity than was anticipated, and a renewed interest in the work." Suggestions for improvement of the service refer chiefly to the possibility of warming the milk during the winter months in cold localities, and to the advisability of the School Medical Service giving advice as to the best time of the day for the drinking of the milk. Some Inspectors of Schools speak of the increased physical and mental vitality of the pupils towards the close of the morning school, and some teachers of the more restrained behaviour of nervous children. Though it is too early yet to speak with exactness of the physical and mental effects claimed for the scheme by teachers, who are, of course, in a position to express an informed opinion, there can be no doubt of the thoroughness with which it has been organized and of the immediate popularity it has achieved. The milk-in-schools scheme for the free issue of a \ pint daily ration of milk to children commenced on the Ist March, 1937. The consumption of the milk by the scholars is entirely voluntary, and it is found over all schools that about 85 per cent, of children accept. The total school population of the Dominion, including State primary schools, post-primary schools, technical high schools, Native schools, together with private and denominational schools, free kindergartens, &c., is approximately 282,000. At the present time over 137,000 pupils are being supplied daily. New schemes and extensions of existing schemes have been arranged to include a further 14,600 children, the date of the commencement depending upon up-to-date treatingplant and the milk being available—the building-up of winter milking-herds being a problem. When these schemes are functioning the total number of pupils receiving milk will be in the vicinity of 151,000, or approximately 53 per cent, of the total school population. Allowing for the 15 per cent, who do not partake of the daily issue of milk, this means the milk is actually available to 177,000, or over 61 per cent., of the school-child population. It will not, however, be practicable to extend a pasteurized supply to every district owing to areas of isolation and scattered population presenting practically insuperable difficulties. To meet the needs of schools in these areas alternative schemes are to be made available : — (1) Free issue of milk for cocoa-making purposes. (2) Free issue of whole-milk or malted-milk powder. It is estimated that some 8,000 Maori children will receive the benefits of the malted-milk scheme in the near future. This means that within fourteen months of the inception of the scheme the milk will be available to approximately 185,000 or over 65 per cent, of the school-child population. In conclusion, I wish to express my appreciation of the services and assistance rendered by the Director of Education, Mr. N. T. Lambourne, the Superintendent of Technical Education, the Chief Inspector of Secondary Schools, the Chief Inspector of Primary Schools, the Secretary of the Department, the Superintendent of the Child Welfare Branch, and by all the other officers of the Department. In particular, I wish to thank Mr. W. S. La Trobe, Mr. J. Beck, and Mr. C. E. Crawford for the very fine service they have given to the Department over a long period of years.

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I am also grateful for the ready co-operation I have received from Education Boards and their officers and the Boards controlling post-primary schools, from the Senate of the University of New Zealand and the University College Councils, from the staffs of the training colleges, from School Committees and Parents' Associations, as well as from teachers in all branches of the Education service. The Education Boards' Association and the School Committees' Federation have been particularly helpful in assisting the Government to carry out its educational policy, and to them I extend my thanks also. I desire, too, to acknowledge with appreciation the helpful co-operation given by the New Zealand Educational Institute, the Secondary Schools' Association, the Technical School Teachers' Association, the Women Teachers' Association, and the Men Teachers G-uild. In their several spheres the Workers' Educational Associations, the Association for Country Education, the New Zealand Library Association, the Women's Institutes, and the Women's Division of the Farmers' Union have earned warm praise for the work they have done in the furtherance of adult education. Reference is made earlier in this part of the report to the work of the Child Welfare Branch of the Department. This branch has the willing co-operation of a number of outside organizations and individuals, and to them I wish to pay a sincere tribute for their share in the important work entrusted to this branch. I wish to express my appreciation of that part of the work performed by the officials of the Childrens' Courts, Magistrates, special Justices, and honorary Child Welfare Officers. In the introduction to this report mention is made of the fact that the New Zealand Council for Educational Research was reporting on the intermediate school. To this I would add that the Council, the Director, and the staff have always been willing to help in the study of educational problems, and their valuable assistance is freely recognized. The contributions to educational literature made under the auspices of the Council have been of distinct value and have placed teachers and others in possession of much very useful information in connection with the New Zealand education system, its origin, its growth, and its possibilities of development.

11

E.—l.

2. TYPES OF SCHOOLS. The present position in regard to our school system is outlined below. The Native schools and the Correspondence School are under the direct control of the Department; the other schools given in Table A are controlled by the various Boards in accordance with the Act and the regulations made thereunder. The primary schools in the Chatham Islands have since 1929 been controlled by the Department. In addition to the types given in that table there exist a number of private primary schools, private secondary schools, and private Native schools (both primary and secondary). These are under the control of various private bodies, but the range of classes is substantially the same as that given for corresponding schools in the table. Some private secondary schools are " endowed "—i.e., maintained partly by revenues derived from grants of land made by the State. Apart from certain special schools for the mentally backward (two) and for the deaf (one) the following are the types of State schools that are at present in operation. The New Zealand Institute for the Blind is privately controlled.

Table A.

(a) A few primary schools have a Form 111, in which the work done approximates to that of Form 111 of a post-primary school. In some of the schools the work done in Form 111 is supervised by the teacher, but the pupils are supplied with lessons compiled by the staff of the Department's Correspondence School. Very few pupils, however, were receiving instruction in this manner since the year 1935. Some primary schools have become contributing schools —i.e., have lost Forms I and 11, these classes having been transferred to intermediate schools or departments. (b) Intermediate departments include Forms I and II only, Form 111 being considered part of the post-primary school to which the intermediate department is attached. Intermediate schools have, however, a Form 111 in cases specially approved by the Department. (c) In secondary departments of some district high schools there are a few pupils doing work in advance of that of Form V. One district high school—Waihi—has an intermediate department but no primary department. (d) Secondary and technical schools amalgamated under a single governing body. 3. COST OF EDUCATION. The appendix to this report shows in detail under various headings the expenditure on education during the financial year ended 31st March, 1938. The total expenditure, including endowment revenue, amounted to £4,679,168, as against £4,032,266 in the previous year, an increase of £646,902.

12

Type of Sohool. Lowest Class. Highest Class. 1. Primary (a) .. . . . . Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). 2. Native .. .. Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). 3. Intermediate (b) . . . . Form I (Standard V) Form II (Standard VI). 4. District High School— (i) Primary Department .. Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). (ii) Secondary Department (c) Form III.. .. Form V. 5. Secondary .. .. .. Form III.. . . Form VI. 6. Technical High .. . . Form III.. .. Form VI. 7. Combined (d) .. .. Form III.. .. Form VI. 8. Correspondence School— (i) Primary .. .. Preparatory division Form II (Standard VI). (ii) Secondary .. .. Form III.. .. Form VI.

E.—i.

An analysis of expenditure is shown in the following table : —

Table B.—Analysis of Expenditure on Education for the Year ended 31st March, 1938.

* This includes revenue from endowments administered by the various Boards, &c., as well as direct expenditure from public funds — £ From public funds as shown in appendix .. .. .. .. .. 4,619,134 Endowments— Post-primary schools .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40,290 University colleges .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19,744 £4,679,168 t Mean population for twelve months ended 31st March, 1938, was 1,594,275. j No significant amount. From the statement of expenditure and recoveries the cost per pupil in the primary schools based on average attendance was £13 3s. 6d. excluding buildings, and £14 18s. 3d. including buildings. 4. SCHOOL BUILDINGS AND SITES. For the financial year ended on the 31st March, 1938, the net capital expenditure on the erection of school buildings, additions, and teachers' residences and the purchase of sites was £561,532, as against £281,896 for the previous year. The larger works undertaken during the year were the rebuilding of the Beresford Street Primary School and the erection of a new district high school at Northcote, Auckland ; the erection of a new consolidated school at Howick, and the replacement of the Dargaville District High School. A new primary school has been erected at Waipawa and at Waterloo in the Hutt Valley. Substantial sums have been provided for the acquisition of intermediate-school sites at Onehunga, Ponsonby, and Lower Hutt, and additional land has been secured for the Mount Cook Primary School, Wellington, for a new district high school at Tauranga, for a new primary school at Mount Albert, Auckland, and for the Auckland and Christchurch Technical Colleges. Up-to-date buildings at Masterton for the accommodation of both highschool and technical-school pupils have been completed and are in occupation. Further additional accommodation has been completed at the Wellington Technical

13

(For more details see appendix to this Paper.) rj, , j Expenditure w , ... expressed as Expenditure per Branch of Education, *" e Percentage of Total Head of Population.* ' 6 Expenditure. £ £ s. d. Departmental administration .. .. 42,907 0-92 0 0 6 Boards'administration .. .. .. 64,841 1-38 0 0 10 Cost of inspection— Primary 36,707 0-78 0 0 5 Native .. .. .. .. 2,648 0-06 { Post-primary .. .. .. .. 5,987 0-13 0 0 1 Primary education — Public schools .. .. .. .. 2,378,418 \ 51.11 1 10 0 Departmental Correspondence School . . 13,307 f Native Education — Native schools .. .. .. .. 110,819 \ ~ -o d i Scholarships and bursaries .. .. 7,397 f Post-primary education— Secondary, technical, and combined schools .. 694,463 Secondary departments of district high schools 96,663 [_ 17-32 0 10 2 Correspondence School .. .. .. 15,635 f Scholarships and bursaries .. .. 3,779 J Higher education .. .. .. .. 133,054 2-84 0 1 8 Training of teachers .. .. .. 169,671 3-63 0 2 2 Special schools .. .. .. .. 33,032 0-71 0 0 5 Child welfare .. .. .. .. 123,662 2-64 0 1 7 Superannuation .. .. .. .. 177,178 3-79 0 2 3 Miscellaneous .. .. .. . . 7,468 0-16 0 0 1 Capital expenditure on school buildings .. 561,532 12-00 0 7 0 Total* .. .. .. .. 4,679,168 100-00 2 18 8

E.—i.

College, and the Christchurch Technical College has been substantially remodelled. Remodelling work is also proceeding at the Dunedin Technical College. Further buildings are to be provided at the Greymouth Technical School and at Stratford, and additions are being made to the school and hostel at Feilding. The erection of additions at the Avonside Girls' High School, Christchurch, and at the Christchurch Girls' High School is nearing completion, and work is proceeding at the Waitaki Boys' High School and at the Rotorua High School. An early start is to be made with further buildings at the Dannevirke High School and with the new hostel at the Napier Girls' High School. A modern school building is being provided in the Orakei Housing Scheme, new primary schools are in course of erection at Rotorua, Newtown (Wellington), Hastings Central, Forbury (Dunedin), a new secondary department at Morrinsville, additions at Carterton, and the main building at Belfast is being replaced. A new intermediate school has been commenced at Sydenham (Christchurch), and work in connection with the provision of a large consolidated school at Te Awamutu is about to commence. An Assembly Hall has been added to the Auckland Training College, provision has been made for a new training college at Dunedin, and negotiations are proceeding for the acquisition of a new site in Wellington on which it is proposed to erect a new training college. Good progress has been made with the building of the new science block at the Auckland University College, with the biology and administration blocks at the Victoria University College, and with the second lecture theatre at the Otago University. Considerable work has been carried out on the banks of the " Waters of Leith " in Dunedin in order to protect the University buildings against flood damage. The boys' living and recreation quarters at the School for Deaf, Sumner, have been replaced, and the heating system at the School for Boys, Otekaike is being reorganized. During the year it was necessary to provide £9,484 for the replacement of school buildings destroyed by fire. Of this amount, £7,952 was recovered from the Government Fire Insurance Fund. These amounts are not included in the figures given below. The following table shows the capital expenditure on new buildings, additions, teachers' residences, and sites for the financial years ended 31st March, 1935, 1936, 1937, and 1938 1934-35. 1935-36. 1936-37. 1937-38. £ £ £ £ Public schools .. .. 35,105 87,908 162,894 331,558 Secondary schools .. .. 14,679 23,516 24,092 58,924 Technical schools .. .. 12,851 59,350 77,836 97,740 Training colleges .. .. •• 610 6,730 1,984 Native schools .. .. 5,419 8,399 12,172 34,180 University Colleges .. . . • • • • 3,022 39,086 Massey Agricultural College . . . . . . 525 Child-welfare institutions . . . . 221 . . 351 School for the Deaf .. .. .. •• •• 4,841 Schools for feeble-minded .. .. •• 2,473 312 Kindergartens . . . • • ■ • • • • 881 Gross total .. .. 68,054 180,004 289,744 569,857 Less credits-in-aid .. 10,894 48,547 7,848 8,325 £57,160 £131,457 £281,896 £561,532 5. NUMBER OF SCHOOLS. The following table gives the number of public schools classified according to grade and the average attendance for the year ended 31st August. Although the table shows the grades of schools and the range of average attendance, public schools were not graded on average attendance for the year 1937. The schools were graded on 95 per cent, of the average number of pupils on the roll during the period 7th September, 1936, to the 2nd October, 1936, instead of on the average attendance for the year ended on the 31st August preceding.

14

E.—l.

Table C1.—Number of Public Primary Schools.

Table C 2, below, gives the number of schools other than public primary schools in the years 1936 and 1937 : —

Table C2.—Number of Schools other than Public Primary Schools.

6. ENROLMENT AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. The following tables (I) to F) give some'details as to numbers on the roll at recognized educational institutions, numbers of full-time pupils in the various standards and forms, the ages and classification of pupils, and median ages of fulltime pupils in the various standards and forms in the different types of schools,

15

Total Average Attendance.t Number of Schools.* VngeofAvetlf Department.* T ° tals " Attendance. ~~ In each In each In each In each In each | In each In each In each Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade. Subgrade. Grade 0 (1-8) .. .. 138 138 891 891 .. .. 891 891 1 (9-20) .. .. 701 701 9,984 9,984 .. .. 9,984 9,984 II (21-35) .. .. 467 407 12,081 12,081 .. .. 12,081 12,081 IIlA (36-50) .. .. 281 "1 f 11,596 "| f 11,596 ~j TIIb (51-80) .. .. 275 696 i 16,472 -{ 87 y 231<! 16,559 )- 40,993 IIIc (81-120) .. .. 140 J L 12,694 j I 144 J 12,838 J IVa (121-160) .. .. 65 1 f 8,309 1 f 607 f 8,916 j IVb (161-200) .. .. 40 '> 145 ■{ 6,711 [>23,287 -( 489 J-l,728-{ 7,200 V 25,015 IVo (201-240) .. .. 40 J I 8,267 J I 632 J I 8,899 j Va (241-280) .. .. 27 "1 f 6,623 f 419 1 f 7,042 Vb (281-320) .. .. 30 y 74 8,616 { 447 )-l,224-{ 9,063 y 21,969 Vc (321-360) .. .. 17 j L 5,506 J t 358 j I 5,864 J VIa (361-400) .. .. 37 "l f 13,656 1 f 576 ) f 14,232 1 VIb (401-440) .. .. 16 y 68 <j 6,585 }-26,786 J 153 y 946-{ 6,738 27,732 Vic (441-480) .. .. 15 J I 6,545 j L 217 J L 6,762 . VIIa (481-520) .. .. 28 1 f 13,404 1 f .. 1 13,404 VIIb (521-560) .. .. 20 10,215 330 10,545 Vllo (561-600) .. .. 13 7,307 .. 7,307 VIID (601-640) .. .. 15 8,816 34 8,850 VIIb 641-680 .. .. 4 2,446 .. 2,446 VIIF (681-720) .. .. 1 89 644 )>48,814 J. .. }> 364-sj 644 y 49,178 Vila (721-760) .. .. 2 1,369 .. 1,369 VIIh (761-800) .. .. 3 2,200 .. 2,200 VIIi (801-840) .... 1 766 .. 766 VIIJ (841-880) .... 1 780 .. 780 VIIk (881-920) .. .. 1 J I 867 J 1 I • • j I 867 . Totals, 1937 .. 2,378 2,378 183,350 183,350 4,493 4,493 187,843 187,843 Totals, 1936 .. 2,444 2,444 181,981 181,981 4,605 4,605 186,586 186,586 Difference .. .. —66 —66 +1,369 +1,369 —112 —112 +1,257 +1,257 * Nine half-time and thirty-nine schools with side schools attached are counted as separate schools. t The average attendance shown under this heading is the average attendance for the year ended 31st August, 1937, computed and adjusted in accordance with the regulations governing the staffing of schools. The unadjusted total average attendance for the year ended 31st December, 1937, was: Primary departments, 182,797; secondary departments, 4,575. t The average attendance shown under this heading includes any pupils in Standard VII or in special classes. § This refers to secondary classes conducted mainly in rural areas in district high schools.

(All schools not marked as " private" are State controlled.) Number of Schools in December, Number of Schools in December, 1936. 1937. Type of School. T yP e °? v^ UCatl0n " Boys' Girls' Mixed Boys' Girls' Mixed * Schools. Schools. Schools. A0TaL Schools. Schools. Schools. 10LaL Chatham Islands .. .. Primary .. .. .. 5 5 .. .. 5 5 Intermediate schools and depart- Intermediate ..2 1 13 16 2 1 13 16 ments* Secondary departments of dis- Post-primary .. . . .. 84 84 .. .. 86 86 trict high schools Secondary .. .. .. Post-primary .. 11 12 17 40 11 12 17 40 Combined .. .. .. Post-primary .. 3 3 .. 6 3 3 .. 6 Technical .. .. .. Post-primary .. .. .. 21 21 .. .. 21 21 Native village .. .. Primary .. .. .. 140 140 .. .. 141 141 Native mission and boarding Primary .. 1 .. 11 12 .. .. 11 11 (private) Native post-primary (private) .. Primary and 3 5 .. 8 3 5 .. 8 post-primary Lower departments of secondary Primary .. 3 3 .. 6 3 3 .. 6 schools (private) Private primary .. .. Primary .. 41 34 234 309 43 39 224 306 Endowed and registered private Post-primary 20 35 1 56 20 36 1 57 secondary Specialf . . .. .. Primary ..1 1 2 4 1 1 2 4 * Eleven of these in 1937 were intermediate departments. f Two of these are schools for the mentally backward, one a school for the blind, and one a school for the deaf. The New Zealand Institute for the Blind is privately controlled.

E.—l.

Table D.—Numbers on the Roll at Recognized Educational Institutions (exclusive of University Colleges and Kindergarten Schools).

16

' Total Children. Adolescents. Adults. Number Number ~ , on the Roll on the . : i Type of School. on the Roll on I I . 1 I 1 1st July, 1st July, Under , 10-11 j 11-12 12-13 ! 13-14 14-15 ! 15-16 16-17 ; 17-18 18-19 | 19-20 20-21 21 Years 1936. 1937. 10 Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. ' Years. Years. Years. Years, j Years. Years. and ove i_ ! 1 I I l I I ' Public primary scliools .. .. 199,000 197,000 110,111 23,827 22,830 21,264 13,340 4,724 854 43 7 Special classes for backward 551 561 109 78 84 117 106 47 15 3 2 children Native scliools, village (primary).. 9,098 9,521 5,397 984 1,015 892 721 395 106 9 2 Native schools, mission and board- 674 662 374 65 63 59 53 27 13 6 1 1 ing (private primary)* Public primary schools, Chatham 166 163 .81 22 19 19 10 11 . . 1 Islands Secondary schools, lower depart- 210 215 56 26 45 41 23 15 8 1 ments Private primary schools* .. 26,549 26,510 14,054 3,098 3,183 3,064 2,007 836 204 47 14 2 .. 1 Intermediate schools and depart- 4,420 4,566 1 78 905 1,685 1,256 505 125 10 1 ments Secondary departments of district 4,749 4,949 .. .. 6 242 1,147 1,568 1,180 559 190 45 12 high schools Secondary schools .. .. 15,650 15,327 .. 18 677 3,219 4,242 3,760 2,160 974 214 53 7 3 Combined schools .. .. 2,233 2,330 .. .. 2 76 449 737 541 310 159 41 10 5 Technical high and day schools .. 9,163 9,408 .. .. 5 303 2,326 3,322 2,322 744 265 67 18 10 26 Technical schools and combined 12,481 13,430 .. .. 30 61 142 798 1,960 2,698 2,444 1,558 1,014 650 2,075 schools (part-time students at day and night classes) Native schools, secondary* — Primary .. .. .. 107 120 12 7 17 7 20 26 18 12 1 Post-primary . . . . 307 393 .. .. 1 6 32 79 115 87 41 8 4 4 16 Endowed and registered private 4,801 5,202 .. 1 9 208 902 1,274 1,320 946 398 125 11 3 5 secondary* Correspondence school — Primary .. .. .. 1,587 1,701 996 196 143 144 108 55 22 19 6 3 9 Secondary .. .. .. 786 961 .. 1 5 63 223 224 159 103 63 34 31 24 31 Training colleges . . . . 1,185 1,346 . . .. .. .. .. .. . . . • 75 253 281 230 507 Schools for mentally backward, &c. 218 227 14 26 38 37 47 24 10 13 8 4 1 5 School for the deaf .. .. 115 108 35 11 10 10 11 10 8 12 1 New Zealand Institute for the 28 31 11 3 3 2 3 1 7 1 Blind — Grand totals .. .. 294,078 294,731 131,251 28,423 28,431 28,977 26,145 18,920 12,747 7,784 4,650 2,357 1,444 939 2,663 v ■ y i Estimated population (inclusive of .. 1,587,393 fl38, 600 115,000 28,900 29,400 29,500 28,100 26,900 27,300 28,300 {28,500 Maoris) at 1st July, 1937 * Native mission schools are registered private primary schools, and three Native secondary schools are registered private secondary schools, but in this table these schools are considered, respectively, mission schools and Native post-primary schools. t Estimated population five years of age but under ten years of age. J Estimated population twenty-one years of age and under twenty-two years of age.

E.—1.

Table E1.—Numbers of Full-time Pupils in the various Standards and Forms as at 1st July, 1937.

3—E. 1.

17

Special Class 1 'Back 1 -" Class P. Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. j Standardly. Form I. Form IL Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Type of School. ward. Boys. , Girls. Boys ; Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 1 Boys. Girls, i Boys.' Girls. j Boys. | Girls, j Boys. [ Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys. [Girls. Boys, j Girls. j" j j j j l jj Public primary .. .. ! 363! 198 33,98929,927 12,720 11,739 12,029111 ,273 11,629 10,706,12, 129 11,191 10,912 10,439 9,045 9,025 116 131 102,932 94,629 Native —Europeans .. j . . .. 227 164 63 82 62 59 63 65 56 60 56 39 39 47 1 1 .. .. . . .. .. 567 517 Maoris .. .. . . .. 2,185 2,013 595 500 446 400 444 451 315 353 216 232 125 136 8 18 4,334 4,103 Public primary — Chatham ; 29 25 14 12 12 9 12 9 6 12 8 6 4 3 1 1 86 77 Islands Private primary and lower j .. .. 3>702j 3,660 1,659] 1,728 1,589 1,668 1,507 1,680 1,636 1,713 1,599 1,834 1,456 1,621 76 379 13,224 14-,283 departments of secondary j j Intermediate .. .. .. .. I .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,239 1,072 1,186 968 34 67 .. .. .. .. .. 2,459 2,107 Secondary departments of dis- .. .. I .. .. | .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,080 1,207 660 779 509 562 59 93 2,308 2,641 trict high schools Secondary.. .. j ( .. .. 2,7592,7602,3342,2422,397 1,854 462 519 7,952 7,375 Combined .. .. .. 517 375 407 282 361 246 73 69 1,358 972 Technical.. .. .. .. .. .. .. j .. .. j .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,7462,1751,5261,289 815 720 80 57 5,167 4,241 Endowed and registered private .. .. .. j .. .. .. .. .. .. .. j .. 9341,001 796 750 713 818 210 197 2,653 2,766 secondary .. I : Correspondence —Primary .. 24 33 327 333? 102 115; 83 102 93 91 63 88 51 73( 49 61 *12 *1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 804 897 Secondary.. .. ,. . .... .... | ... .. j ... .. 259 330 71 107 46 84 9 f55 385 576 Totals .. .. 387 231 40,459 36,12215,153 14,176114,221 13,511 13,74813,00214,20513,417 14,081 13,695 11,90411,8618,543 8,446 5,794 5,449 4,8414,284 893 990144,229135,184 I | * Adult section. t Includes 25 junior assistant teachers in Native schools.

E.—l.

Table E2.—Age and Classification of Pupils attending Public Primary Schools as at 1st July, 1937.

18

Backward'chUdren Class P. Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. Standard IV. Form I. j Form II. Form III. j Totals. Age. 1 —- — 1 j j 1 r Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. | Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. I Boys. Girls, j Boys. | Girls, j Boys. Girls. I I I I I 5 and under 6 .. 4 3 9,127 8,264 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9,131 8,267 6 7 1 3 11,779 10,752 171 253 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,952 11,008 7 8 12 8 9,105 8,081 2,388 3,010 133 182 .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,638 11,283 8 9 14 9 2,973 2,129 6,269 5,771 2,456 3,222 132 247 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. 11,845 11,379 9 „ 10 .. 34 21 696 456 2,793 1,998 5,806 5,436 2,699 3,230 233 289 7 17 1 1 .. 12,269 11,448 10 „ 11 .. 46 32 203 136 757 504 2,459 1,765 4,812 4,399 3,609 4,153 427 567 15 21 .. .. 12,328 11,-577 11 ., 12 .. 59 25 68 63 225 137 820 474 2,493 1,934 4,362 4,039 3,275 3,836 477 625 1 1 11,780 11,134 12 ., 13 .. 74 43 21 34 79 42 254 149 1,022 634 2,540 1,895 3,952 3,783 3,130 3,696 16 17 11,088 10,293 13 „ 14 .. 71 35 13 7 33 16 77 38 382 221 1,105 668 2,349 1,710 3,383 3,228 50 60 7,463 5,983 14 15 .. 34 13 4 3 4 6 21 6 76 31 246 123 789 463 1,654 1,223 33 42 2,861 1,910 15 „ 16 .. 10 5 1 1 2 1 1 11 8 29 20 106 63 367 219 15 10 540 329 16 „ 17 .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 4 2 6 17 11 1 32 14 17 „ 18 .. 1 1 1 .. 1 .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 1 1 5 4 Totals .. .. 363 198 33,989 29,927 12,720 11,739 12,029 11,273 11,629 10,706 12,129 11,191 10,912 10,439 9,045 9,025 116 131 102,932 94,629 Median age in 12 2 11 11 6 8 6 7 8 7 8 5 9 7 9 5 10 7 10 5 11 6 11 3 12 5 12 3 13 3 13 1 13 10 13 10 years and months

E.—l.

Table E3. —Age and Classification of Pupils attending Intermediate Schools and Departments as at 1st July, 1937.

19

Form I. Form II. Form III. Totals. . . . . | Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. \ Girls. ; ; I j Under 10 years . . . . I . . . . .. 1 10 and under 11 . . 39 36 1 2 .. .. 40 38 11 „ L2 .. 420 385 49 51 .. .. 469 436 12 „ 13 .. 441 397 441 403 2 1 884 801 13 „ 14 .. 245 186 430 358 12 25 687 569 14 „ 15 .. 75 63 199 123 14 31 288 217 15 „ 16 .. 19 4 59 28 5 10 83 42 16 „ 17 .... .. 6 3 1 7 3 17 „ 18 .... .. 1 .. .. 1 Totals .. .. 1,239 1,072 1,186 968 34 67 2,459 2,107 Median ages in years and 12 4 12 3 13 3 13 1 14 3 14 3 months

K. I.

Table E4. —Age and Classification of Pupils attending Public Post-primary Schools as at 1st July, 1937.

20

Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. | Secondary schools— Under 11 years .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ; 11 and under 12 .. .. 10 8 .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 8 12 ,, 13 .. .. 304 354 6 13 .. .. I .. 310 367 13 ,, 14 .. .. 1,207 1,407 289 303 6 7 j .. 1,502 1,717 14 j, 15 .. .. 889 788 1,053 1,064 ! 219 220 7 2 j 2,168 2,074 15 ,, 16 .. .. 302 183 I 780 701 j 858 820 58 58 1,998 1,762 16 ,, 17 .. .. 44 18 189 141 J 844 566 166 192 j 1,243 917 17 ,, 18 .. 3 2 ! 17 20 j 364 208 152 208 536 438 18 ,, 19 .. .. .. .. 85 28 54 47 139 75 19 „ 20 .. ; . . 17 5 20 11 37 16 20 „ 21 .. 4 .. 3 .. 7 21 and over .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 1 2 1 Totals .. .. .. 2,759 2,760 2,334 j 2,242 2,397 1,854 462 519 ; 7,952 7,375 Median ages in years and 13 11 13 9 : 14 10 I 14 9 16 2 | 15 10 i 17 0 17 0 months — —■ J ' Combined schools — Under 11 years .. ■- i. .. .. .: .... .. 11 and under 12 .. .. 1 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 12 13 .. 35 40 .. 1 35 41 13 „ 14 | 192 194 33 30 .. .. .. 225 224 14 ,, 15 .. V. | 212 111 205 154 31 24 .. .. 448 289 15 ,, 16 .. .. 65 27 135 77 116 107: 11 3 327 214 16 ,, 17 ..12 2 30 19 115 83 i 23 26 180 130 17 ,, 18 .. [ . . 4 1 69 28 25 32 98 61 18- 19 .. .... .. | .. 23 | 3 9 6 32 9 19 „ 20 .. .. .. .. ! .. 6 ! 2 2 8 2 20 ,, 21 .. . . j 1 | 1 3 .. 4 1 21 and over .. .. : J -j — — Totals .. .. i. j 517 375 407 J 282 j 361 j 246 73 1 69 1,358 972 Median ages in years and 14 2 13 9 ! 14 10 14 9 ! 16 4 ! 15 11 17 1 \ 17 2 months 1 j ; 1 Technical high schools— Under 11 years .. .. .. j .. | .. .. .. .. .... 11 and under 12 .. — 4 1 I .. i .. ■■ .. .. .. 4 1 12., „ 13 .. .. 138 163 1 1 .. .. I .. .. 139 164 13 ,, 14 .. . . 1,078 956 145 142 1 ' 4 .. .. 1,224 1,102 14 ,, 15 .. .. | 1,066 771 660 629 '92 103 1 .. 1,819 1,503 15 ,, 16 ! 399 272 575 420 359 286 8 3 1, 341 981 16 ,, 17 .. .. 46 10 129 86 243 188 25 17 443 301 TV ,, 18 .. .. 13 2 16 11 89 88 23 23 141 124 18 „ 19 .. 1 .. .. .. 22 ; 22 14 8 37 30 19 ,, 20 .. .. .. .. 2 | 9 5 2 7 11 20 ,, 21 .... .. .. .. 3 5 1 1 4 6 21 and over .. .. 1 .. .. .. 4 15 3 3 8 18 Totals .. .. .. 2,746 2,175 1,526 1,289 815: 720 80 57 5,167 4,241 Median ages in years and 14 2 14 0 : 14 11 14 10 15 11 15 11 17 3 17 5 months ; - District high schools— Under 11 years 11 and under 12 .. .. 1 5!.. .. .. .. .. . 1 5 12 ,, 13 .. .. 106 135 .. 1 106 136 13 ,, 14 .. .. 414 529 77 120 3 4 .. 494 653 14 ,, 15 .. .. 379 401 293 352 76 67 .. .. 748 820 15 „ 16 .. . . 156 120 218 248 192 233 5 8 571 609 16 ,, 17 .. .. 19 16 67 49 162 180 26 40 274 285 17 „ 18 .. 5' ... 5 9 56 64 18 33 84 106 IS „ 19 .. .. 1 | .. 16 14 7 7 23 22 19 „ 20 .... .. j .. 4 3 5 7 5 20 ,, 21 .. .. .. .... 21 and over .. .. .. Totals .. .. .. 1,080 1,207 j 660 779 509 562 59 93 2,308 2,641 Median ages, in years and 14 1 13 11 | 14 10 14 9 15 11 15 11 17 0 17 0 months

E.—l,

Table F1.—Age and Classification of Pupils attending Registered Private Primary Schools and Lower Departments of Secondary Schools as at 1st July, 1937.

21

Class P. Standard I. Standard II. Standard III. Standard IV. Form I. ! Form II. Form III. Totals. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. | Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. 5 years and under 6 .. 1,189 1,212 i 4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,193 1,212 6 „ 7 .. 1,317 62 82 .. 1,379 1,475 7 „ 8 .. 880 814 557 654 67 91 3 7 1,507 1,566 8 „ 9 .. 226 183 685 693 461 593 57 85 7 14 1,436 1,568 9 „ 10 .. 67 35 255 236 667 675 i 431 585 82 107 6 14 .. 1,508 1,652 10 „ 11 .. 15 19 66 51 284 224 630 623 463 593 88 | 122 6 12 .. .. 1,552 1,644 11 „ 12 .. 5 3 23 8 86 63 262 275 580 600 509 : 627 126 137 2 2 1,593 1,715 12 „ 13 .. 3 1 5 3 14 15 95 78 333 280 551 627 499 634 10 23 1,510 1,661 13 „ 14 1 1 9 4 25 24 138 96 318 325 j 474 553 29 106 994 1,109 14 .. 15 1 3 3 28 22 105 101 261 219 26 135 423 481 15 „ 16 1 1 .. 3 1 14 15 74 58 5 71 97 146 16 „ 17 1 1 1 2 4 2 12 7 3 33 23 43 17 „ 18 1 1 2 1 1 9 4 11 18 „ 19 . . 3 .. 1 4 19 20 .. .. .. .. .. 20 „ 21 | 1 1 Totals .. .. 3,702 13,660 1,659 1,728 1,589 1 1,668 1,507 1,680 1,636 1,713 1,599 1,834 1,456 1,621 76 379 13,224 14,283 Median ages, in years and 6 6 6 5 8 4 8 2 9 5 9 3 10 5 10 3 11 6 11 3 12 4 12 3 13 2 13 1 13 11 14 5 months

E.—l.

Table F2.— Age and Classification of Pupils attending Registered Private Secondary and Endowed Schools as at 1st July, 1937.

7. REGULARITY OF ATTENDANCE. The opening date for public schools was fixed as the Ist of March this year as a precaution against the possible outbreak of further cases of infantile paralysis. As from that date, however, regularity of attendance in public and intermediate schools was maintained at a consistently high rate throughout the Dominion, particularly in the South Island. In the Nelson, Otago, Wellington, and Southland Education Districts a creditably high rate of average attendance was recorded, it being slightly over 93 per cent, in each district when expressed as a percentage of the average weekly roll. 8. STAFFS OF SCHOOLS. The following table shows the number of adult teachers in the public primary schools of the different grades.

Table H1. —Number of Adult Teachers employed in Primary Departments of Public Schools, December, 1937.

22

Form III. Form IV. Form V. Form VI. Totals. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. __ I J I i I 10 years and under 11 .. .. 1 .. .. .. . . . . . . .. 1 11 " „ 12 .. 4 6 4 6 12 „ 13 .. 80 127 3 1 83 128 13 „ 14 .. 328 430 72 83 4 6 .. 404 519 14 „ 15 .. 324 288 285 303 51 68 1 660 660 15 „ 16 153 130 269 268 220 283 21 24 663 705 16 „ 17 .. 34 17 126 84 273 315 75 67 508 483 17 „ 18 6 2 30 11 119 111 69 74 224 198 18 „ 19 .. 3 9 36 35 24 25 72 60 19 „ 20 .. 2 5 3 4 10 4 20 „ 21 3 3 1 6 1 21 and over .. .... . . 2 2 15 1 19 1 Totals .. .. 934 1,001 796 750 713 818 210 197 2,653 2,766 Median ages, in years and 14 2 13 10 15 2 15 0 16 4 16 2 17 2 17 I months

Sole Teachers. Head Teaohers. Teachers Total Adult Teachers. Grade of School.* ; 1 — : ; M. F. M. F. M. If. M. F. Total. I i i I ! (Irade 0 (1-8) .. 39 88 39 88 127 1 (9-20) 419 269 1 .. 3 420 272 692 II (21-35) .. 250 152 36 18 4 53 290 223 513 „ III A (36-50) .. 5 2 182 87 2 270 189 359 548 „ HIb (51-80) 223 41 6 297 229 338 567 „ IIIc (81-120) 126 10 15 272 141 282 423 „ IV (121-240) 131 3 123 403 254 406 660 V (241-360) 76 1 133 374 209 375 584 „ VI (361-480) 64 .. 179 438 243 438 681 „ VII (over 480) 97 .. 398 936 495 936 1,431 All grades — 1937 .. 713 511 936 160 860 3,046 2,509 3,717 6,226 1936 .. .. 736 577 919 153 761 2,967 2,416 3,697 6,113 Difference .. .. -23 -66 +17 +7 +99 +79 +93 +20 +113 * The grade of school given above is the grade in which the school is placed when all attached side schools are included, while part-time schools taught by the same teacher are counted as one school.

E.—l.

The following table indicates the number of women teachers for each 100 men teachers :—

Table H2.—Ratio of Women to Men Teachers in Primary Schools.

Table H3. —Number of Adult Full-time Teachers employed in Departmental Schools, December, 1936, and December, 1937.

In addition to the above the following numbers of teachers were also employed : —

23

1930. 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. Adult teachers — All schools 178 174 167 157 156 148 153 148 Schools with roll 1-20 .. 157 156 120 103 89 78 83 78 Schools with roll over 20 .. 182 178 177 170 .173 166 169 164 Probationers .. .. .. 224 177 * * * * * * Training-college students .. 282 226 201 163 f 187 166 154 * There have been no probationers since 1931. t All Training Colleges were closed during 1934.

December, 1936. December, 1937. Principals Principals and Sole Assistant Total Adult and Sole Assistant Total Adult Type of School. and Head Teachers. Teachers. and Head Teachers. Teachers. Teachers. Teachers. M. F. M. F. M. J F. M. F. M. F. M. i F. I J; I Public (primary) .. .. 1,655 730 7612,9672,4163,6971,649 671 8603,0462,5093,717 Intermediate* .. .. 5 58 57 63 57 5 63 60 68 60 Secondary departments of fl .. 122 85 123 85 fl .. 127 93 128 93 district high schools Secondary .. .. 28 12 337 277 365 289 28 12 337 277 365 289 Combined .. .. 4 3 54 39 58 42 4 3 55 39 59 42 Technical .. .. 21 .. 243 148 264 148 21 .. 253 151 274 151 Native (primary) .. .. 110 30 12 96 122 126 112 29 14 104 126 133 Chatham Islands .. .. 5.. 1 2 6 2 5.. 1 2 6 2 Correspondence— Primary .. .. 1 .. 2 31 3 31 1 .. 7 33 8 33 Post-primary . . 11 14= H 14 . . . . 17 17 17 17 Special .. .. 1 3 7 11 8 14 1 3 7 13 8 16 Total .. .. 1,831 7781,608 3,727 3,439 4,5051,827 7181,7413,8353,5684,553 * Where the Intermediate department is attached to a secondary, technical, or district high school only the teachers of Forms I and II are included here. f This is the head teacher of the Waihi District High School, which has an intermediate department but no primary department.

- - - -- | 1936. 1937. M. F. M. F. Manual instructors .. ■ • • • 92 | 72 99 j 79 Student teachers in technical schools . • 6 j 5 4 Junior assistant teachers in Native schools .. 4 143 6 | 140

13.-1.

9. NUMBER OF PUPILS AND ADULT TEACHERS IN THE PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS AND INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS IN THE DIFFERENT EDUCATION DISTRICTS. The following table gives the number of children attending public primary schools and intermediate schools and departments in the different education districts and the number of adult teachers in these schools at the end of 1937. The figures are exclusive of the secondary departments of district high schools.

Table J.

io. SIZE OF CLASSES. The following table shows the average number of children per adult teacher in public primary schools.

Table K1.— Average Number of Children per Adult Class-teacher in Public Primary Schools.

N.B. The average attendance shown for each grade of school in the above table does not correspond with that shown in Table C 1, owing to the fact that in Table C 1 part-time and side schools are taken separately, thus altering the grades of various schools for the purpose of that table.

Table K2.—Size of Classes in Public Primary Schools of Grade IV and over.

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Education District. Enrolment. . Departmente. Adult Teachers. Auckland .. .. . • 67,343 733 2,035 Taranaki .. • • • • 1', 213 157 366 Wanganui .. •• •• 15,319 192 485 Hawke'sBay .. .. .. 15,244 i 184 471 Wellington .. •• •• 27,131 230 790 Nelson 6,709 140 251 Canterbury .. •• •• 34,449 358 1,012 Otago .. ■■ •• 18,649 227 592 Southland 11,596 173 377 Totals.. .. .. | 207,653 i 2,394 6,379

Total Average Number Number of Adult Teachers. i e j of Children per Adult for Year j Class-teacher. Grade of School. —.— — —j ended 31st j ! Head August, 1937 j as i i93e - ™ 0 (1-8) .. ■ • 127 .. 127 827 7 7 I (9-20) •• 692 .. 692 9,880 14 14 II (21-35) •• •• 513 .. 513 11,818 24 23 TIIA (36-50) .. • 548 .. 548 11,424 21 21 IIIb (51-80) .. 567 .. 567 15,806 29 28 IIIc (81-120) .. 423 .. 423 12,273 30 29 IV (121-240) .. 660 .. 660 21,273 34 32 V (241-360) .. 584 13 571 21,511 38 38 VI (361-480) 681 39 642 25,140 41 39 VII (481 and over).. 1,431 97 1,334 53,398 41 40 All schools .. 6,226 149 6,077 183,350 31 30

February, 1932. . February, ] 937. February, 1938. Number of Children. 1 „ , T , , j N cS S b : r 8 . 0f ! N SL b se r 8 . 0f «r,° f | Under 31 .. .. 258 ! 8-0 346 11-4 ! 614 18-8 ojio . •• 758 24-0 927 30-4 j 1,136 34-9 41 50 1,197 38-0 1,259 41-4 1,145 | 35-2 Kicn 825 26-5 487 16-0 355 I 10-9 61 and over .. .. 107 3-5 25 0-8 6 j °' 2 X 0ta l 3,145 100-0 3,044 j 100-0 3,256 | 100-0 I I I I I

E.—l.

Table K3.— Change in Average Number of Pupils per Adult Teacher in Public Primary Schools.

ii. CLASSIFICATION OF TEACHERS. The following tables give the status in regard to certificates of teachers in primary schools, intermediate schools and departments, secondary departments of district high schools and Native schools, and the classification of teachers in secondary, technical, and combined schools : —

Table L1.—Status in regard to Certificates of Teachers in Primary Schools and Forms I and II of Intermediate Schools and Departments as in December.

Table L2. —Certificates held by Teachers in Primary Schools and Intermediate Schools and Departments as in December.

Table L3.—Certificates held by Assistant Teachers in the Secondary Departments of District High Schools.

The difference between the totals here and in Table H 3 is due to the fact that three teachers in these schools are not the holders of teachers' certificates.

4—E. 1.

25

I Average Attendance Number of Number of Pupils per Year - for Year ending Adult Teachers. Adult Teacher. 31st August. 1934 .. .. .. .. 177,422 6,442 27-5 1935 .. .. .. .. 174,872 6,048 28-9 1936 .. .. .. .. 181,981 6,113 29-8 1937 .. .. .. 183,350 6,226 29-4

1935. 1936. 1937. Number. ' P ® r " Number. Number. r " j centage. [ centage. I centage. I. Certificated teachers .. .. 6,154 99-3 6,053 96-63 5,737 ' 89-93 II. Uncertificated teachers .. .. 44 0-7 211 3-37 642 10-07 Totals .. .. .. 6,198 100-0 6,264 100-0 6,379 100-0 Note.—One uncertificated teacher held a license to teach.

1936. 1937. Class of Certificate. M. F. Total. M. F. | Total. ! A ...... 64 7 71 70 9 79 B .. .. 919 477 1,396 900 437 1,337 C .. .. .. 1,232 2,510 3,742 1,206 2,285 3,491 D .. .. 212 623 835 205 620 825 E ' !. 2 7 9 1 7 8 Totals .. .. 2,429 3,624 6,053 2,382 3,358 5,740 !

1936. 1937. Class of Certificate. ; M. F. | Total. M. | F. Total. A 10 5 15 13 4 17 B .. .. .. 96 71 167 102 81 183 C .... 14 6 20 10 6 16 D ...... 1 2 3 1 1 E .. Totals .. .. 121 84 205 125 92 217

E.—l.

Table L4. —Certificates held by Teachers in Native Primary Schools. (Junior Assistant Teachers are excluded.)

Table L5. —Grading of Full-time Assistant Teachers in Secondary Schools as in December and prior to the Issue of the Annual Grading List.

Table L6. —Classification of Full-time Assistant Teachers in Technical High and Day Schools and in Combined Schools as in December, 1937, and prior to the Issue of the Annual Classification List.

26

1936. 1937. Class of Certificate. : ; M. | F. Total. M. j F. Total. A ...... 1 1 1 1 B ...... 20 8 28 21 10 31 C .. .. .. 67 62 129 69 59 128 D .. .. .. 22 29 51 22 34 56 E .. .. .... 1 1 .. 1 1 Total certificated teachers .. 110 100 210 113 104 217 Uncertificated teachers . . 12 26 38 13 29 42 Grand totals .. 122 126 248 126 133 259

1936. 1937. Grade of Teacher. —*- M. 1 F. Total. M. F. Total. A .. .. .. 89 59 148 105 58 163 B .. .. .. 97 55 152 92 55 147 C .. .. .. 95 80 175 90 77 167 D .. .. .. 56 83 139 49 88 137 Totals .. .. 337 277 614 336 278 614

Class VII. i VI. V. IV. III. II. ; j Totals> Technical, High, and Day Schools. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Division I .. .. 0 7 31 7 42 11 48 19 37 16 14 16 14 17 186 93 Division II .. .. 0 11 11 13 23 10 15 13 3 7 8 2 7 2 67 58 Totals .. 0 18 42 20 65 21 63 32 40 23 22 18 21 19 253 151 Grand totals .. 18 62 86 95 63 40 40 404 Combined Schools. Division I .. .. 0 5 12 4 9 2 10 5 7 8 3 4 4 4 45 32 Division II .. 01 21 21 43 11 100 '0 10 7 Totals .. 0 6 14 5 11 3 14 8 8 9 4 4 4 4 55 39 Grand totals .. 6 19 14 22 17 8 8 94 Note.—To be classified in Division I a teacher must be the holder of a University degree or equivalent qualification,

E.—i.

Table L7.—Classification of Full-time Teachers of Manual-training Classes as in December, 1937, and prior to the Issue of the Annual Classification List.

Of the 178 teachers in the above table, 23 are agricultural instructors, 74 are woodwork instructors, 1 is a metalwork instructor, 77 are cookery instructresses, 1 is an art instructress, and 2 are commercial instructresses. Note. —(1) To be classified in Division I a teacher must be the holder of a University degree or equivalent qualification. (2) In 1937 four of the men and five of the women were attached to certain intermediate schools or departments under the control of the Auckland Education Board. These are included also among the staffs of those intermediate schools or departments. 12. SALARIES OF TEACHERS. The average salaries (including house allowances, value of residences, and all other allowances) of adult teachers in primary schools in 1914 and for the last five years are shown in the following table. Under the provisions of the Finance Act, 1931, the salaries of all teachers, in common with those of all public servants, were reduced by 10 per cent, as from the Ist April, 1931. Salaries were further reduced under the provisions of the National Expenditure Adjustment Act, 1932, as from the Ist April, 1932. The reductions made were 5 per cent, on salaries not exceeding £225 per annum, 10 per cent, between that figure and not exceeding £720, and 12f per cent, on those exceeding that figure. The salaries of all teachers were increased by 5 per cent, as from Ist April, 1934, by 7f per cent, as from Ist August, 1935, and restored to scale ates as from Ist July, 1936. Table M 1. —Average Salaries op Primary-school Teachers (exclusive op Teachers in Intermediate Schools and Departments and Secondary Departments of District High Schools) as in December. 1914. 1933. 1934. 1935. 1936.* 1937.* (1) Teachers in all schools— ££££££ (a) Men and women .. .. 163 231 229 261 298 295 (b) Men .. .. .. .. 224 283 283 312 361 355 (c) Women .. .. ..128 198 194 224 254 251 (2) Teachers in schools with average attendance over eight — (a) Men and women .. .. .. 235 233 265 302 299 (b) Men .. .. .. .. .. 286 288 321 365 359 (c) Women .. .. .. ..202 198 227 258 256 (3) Teachers in schools with average attendance over twenty— (а) Men and women . . .. .. 239 235 268 307 303 (.b) Men .. .. . . .. .. 302 301 338 386 377 (c) Women .. .. .. ..201 196 226 258 254 (4) Head teachers — {a) Men . . .. .. .. .. 356 372 400 447 448 (б) Women .. .. .. ..313 323 347 394 398 (5) All sole teachers — (a) Men .. • • .. - ■ .. 224 233 258 288 289 (b) Women .. .. .. .. 197 212 243 268 265 (6) Assistants— (a) Men .. .. .. .. .. 250 231 277 333 314 (b) Women .. .. 191 183 213 244 242

* These average salaries are exclusive of relieving teachers.

27

Class | VII. | VI. j V. j IV. | III. j II. | Totals - M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Division I .. .. 00 21 63 65 19 2 13 2 20 19 51 Division II .. .. 2 1 18 8 15 9 24 5 10 2 4 0 7 3 80 28 Totals .. 2 1 20 9 21 12 30 10 11 11 6 13 9 23 99 79 Grand totals .. 3 29 33 40 22 19 32 178

E.—l.

Table M 2.—Average Salaries (inclusive of all Allowances and Value of Residence for Principals where provided) of Full-time Teachers in Intermediate and Post-primary Schools and of Manual Instructors as at 1st December.

Manual Instructors.— Average Rate of Salary of Manual Instructors as on 1st December.

28

1936. 1937. Principals. Assistants. All Teachers. Principals. Assistants. All Teachers. Men. J Women. *** Men. Women.; Men. Women. Men. Women. Men. Women. 1 =«* Men. Women. 1 ££££££££££££££££££ Intermediate schools and departments .. .. 599 .. 599 377 300 339 394 300 350 593 .. 593 375 300 339 391 300 349 Secondary departments of district high schools .. .. .. .. 379 304 349 379 304 349 .. .. ... 383 305 351 383 305 351 Secondary schools .. .. .. 787 577 724 419 291 362 448 303 384 820 594 752 423 289 362 453 302 386 Combined schools .. .. .. 849 563 726 439 290 377 467 309 401 849 570 729 440 287 377 468 308 401 Technical high and day schools .. .. .. 756 .. 756 428 274 370 454 274 390 762 .. 762 430 276 373 456 276 392 I ; ;

— 1936. 1937. £ £ Men .. .. .. .. .. 372 373 Women ... .. .. .. .. 247 248 Men and women .. .. .. .. 317 318 i

E.—l.

Table M 3.— Average Salaries (including House Allowances, Value of Besidences, and all other Allowances) of Adult Teachers in Native Schools as at 31st December. 1936. 1937. 1. Teachers in all schools— £ £ (a) Men and women .. .. .. .. .. 296 297 (b) Men .. .. .. .. ■ • • ■ 358 359 (e) Women .. .. .. .. • • • • 237 237 2. Head teachers — (a) Men .. .. .. • • • • • • 379 386 (b) Women .. .. .. .. • • ■ • 357 356 3. Sole teachers — (а) Men .. .. • ■ • • • • • • 256 263 (б) Women .. .. .. ■ • • • • • 233 232 4. Assistants — (a) Men .. .. . • • • • • • • 214 211 (b) Women .. .. .. .. .. • • 208 209 13. PUPILS LEAVING PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS. In 1937 20.689 pupils (10,636 boys and 10,053 girls) left public primary schools. Of these, 17,218 (83 per cent.) had passed Form 11. In the last five years the numbers leaving have been as follow : —

14. PUPILS COMMENCING POST-PRIMARY COURSE IN STATE SCHOOLS. In 1937 13,848 pupils (7,298 boys and 6,550 girls) commenced post-primary education in State post-primary schools. In the last five years the numbers commencing post-primary education in these schools have been as follow : —

No return is made giving the number of pupils commencing a post-primary course who in the previous year gained a proficiency certificate as pupils in a public school. It will be observed, however, that the great majority of pupils who enter post-primary schools do so from public schools. To arrive at some approximate estimate as to the extent to which the gaining of a proficiency certificate influences the question as to whether a post-primary course is to be followed or not, the following figures have been grouped as a basis for comparison. It will be observed that the number of pupils who commence a post-primary course expressed as a percentage of the pupils who pass for a proficiency certificate in a previous year is variable, the factors contributing to this variation no doubt being -the- avaihability of suitable avenues of employment for boys, especially on completion of their primary-school course. The annual Proficiency Examination was held for the last time in 1936

29

v i Total Number Number who Percentage who " ear - | leaving. passed Form II. passed Form II. 1933 . .. •• •• 21,935 17,434 79 1934 .. .. 22,665 17,980 79 1935 .. •• 22,108 17,708 80 1936 21,819 17,600 81 1937 . .. .. •• 20,689 17,218 83

Total Number Number of these Percentage coming Year. commencing coming from Public from Public Post-primary Course. Primary Schools. Primary Schools. 1933 12,214 11,637 95 1934 .. .. •• 12,686 12,143 96 1935 .. .. •• •• 13,177 12,632 96 1936 13,466 12,849 ' 95 1937 .. .. .. •• 13,848 13,342 96

E.-1.

The ages at which pupils commenced their post-primary course are given in the following table : —

Table N. —Ages at which Pupils commence Post-primary Course.

In 1936 23 per cent, and in 1937 21 per cent, of those commencing a postprimary course did so under the age of thirteen years. IS. DESTINATION OF PUPILS LEAVING SCHOOL. A summary of the destination returns obtained from the schools, through the various Boards, is given in the following tables: —

Table O 1. —Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Public Primary Schools during or at End of Year 1937.

30

I I I I ' Year of commencing post-primary course .. j 1933 1934 | 1935 1936 1937. Number of proficiency passes in previous 16,549 16,633 17,286 17,031 17,350 year in public primary schools and intermediate schools and departments Number of pupils who commenced a post- 11,637 12,143 12,632 12,849 13,342 primary course in State schools and who came from public primary schools or intermediate schools and departments Percentage .. .. .. .. 70 73 73 75 77 i

Age at which Post-primary Course commenced. Total Numbers commencing Under 12 12 Years 13 Years 14 Ye ars. 15 Years Years. and over. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. ; Girls. Secondary .. 33 28 542 650 1,269 1,449 723 529 217 106 2,784 2,762 Combined .. 6 10 62 95 251 180 148 69 57 11 524 365 Technical .. 14 13 365 398 1,292 1,036 884 589 284 160 2,839 2,196 District high .. 20 20 256 335 506 552 290 261 79 59 1,151 1,227 Totals—1937 .. 73 71 1,225 1,478 3,318 3,217 2,045 1,448 637 336 7,298 6,550 Totals—1936 .. 65 118 1,354 1,578 3,082 2,951 2,063 1,324 620 311 7,184 6,282 Difference .. + 8 -47 -129 -100 +236 +266 -18 +124 +17 +25 +114 +268 |

Totals. With Primary Without Primary School Certificate. School Certificate. Destination. Boys. Girls. , - - . | _ „ Boys. Girls. Boys. ' Girls. Number. Number. | Post-primary .. .. .. 6,463 6,459 144 82 6,607 62 6,541 65 Commercial occupations— (a) Clerical (including typing) 48 49 9 3 57 1 52 1 (b) Shop and warehouse assistants 276 234 185 104 461 4 338 3 Trades— (a) Engineering .. .. 104 4 49 4 153 2 8 * (by Building .. .. 47 34 2 81 1 2 * (c) Other .. .. .. 166 61 151 73 317 3 134 1 Agricultural and pastoral .. 939 52 794 40 1,733 16 92 1 Other occupations .. .. 258 246 283 213 541 5 459 5 Home .. 289 1,404 259 874 548 5 2,278 23 Not known .. .. .. 61 58 77 91 138 1 149 1 Totals .. .. .. 8,651 8,567 1,985 1,486 10,636 100 10,053 100 * Insignificant percentage.

E.—l.

Table O 2.—Percentages of Pupils leaving Primary Schools in 1934-37 who proceeded to the Various Destinations and Occupations.

Table O 3.—Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments during or at End of 1937.

Table O 4. —Percentages of Pupils leaving Intermediate Schools and Departments in 1934-37 who proceeded to Various Destinations and Occupations.

31

Boys. Girls. Destination. ; : r 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. 1934. j 1935. j 1936. 1937. Post primary .. .. 54 57 58 62 55 57 60 65 Commercial occupations — (a) Clerical (including ***1**11 typing) (b) Shop and warehouse 34542333 assistants Trades — (a) Engineering 1 1 2 2 * * * * (b) Building 1 1 1 1 * * * * (c) Other .. ..2 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 Agricultural and pastoral 23 21 18 16 2 1 1 1 Other occupations ..6 6 6 5 4 6 6 5 Home .. 8 6 4 5 35 31 26 23 Not known .. ..2 2 2 1 1 1 2 1 Totals .. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 * Insignificant percentage.

Boys. Girls. Occupation. First ' Second Third . , ,, , First Second Third m . , I •„ Year. Year. Year. TotaL | Pereente g e - Yea r. j Year. Year, i Totah ' P^centage. i I I I I _l I J I Continued full-time 75 947 8 1,030 76 64 683 8 755 71 education Commercial (clerical, 12 65 19 96 7 3 44 22 69 7 typing, shop, and warehouse) Trades .. .. 9 53 14 76 6 4 10 12 26 2 Agricultural and pas- 9 25 2 36 3 toral Home .. .. 6 25 7 38 3 14 116 22 152 14 Miscellaneous .. 3 21 4 28 2 11 27 6 44 4 Not known . . 4 34 3 41 3 7 16 3 26 2 Totals, 1937 .. 118 1,170 57 1,345 100 103 896 73 1,072 100 Totals, 1936 . 126 1,166 82 1,374 .. 82 953 81 1,116 Difference .. -8 +4 -25 -29 +21 -57 -8 -44

Boys. Girls. Occupation. -? r ; : 1934. | 1935. 1936. 1937. 1934. 193a. j 1936. 1937. m ' *. I pS-Jr | I Continued full-time education . . 70 69 68 76 j 67 68 67 71 Commercial (clerical, typing, shop, 6 8 8 7 4 4 6 7 and warehouse) Trades .. .. 6 7 10 6 3 3 5 2 Agricultural and pastoral .. 6 5 5 3 Home .. .. .. 5 4 2 3 23 19 15 14 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 3 4 3 2 2 4 4 4 Not known .. .. I 3 4 3 1 2 3 2 Totals .. .. 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

E.—l.

Table O 5.—Probable Destination of Pupils leaving Post-primary Schools during or at the End of the Year 1937.

32

r, j ci i. i , , , . , c , , . Teolmioal High and Secondary Departments of _ , , Secondary Schools. j Combined Schools. Dav spools. District High Schools. Totals - j I ' f f Occupation. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Num- Per i Num- | Per Num- Per ! Num- | Per Num- Per Num- Per Num. ! Per | Sam- | Per Sum- j Per Nam- j Per her. j Cent. | ber. | Cent, j ber. Cent. | ber. | Cent. ber. 1 Cent. ber. Cent. ber. Cent. ber. j Cent. ber. : Cent. ber. | Cent. _ . University College .. .. 113 4-7 70 3-1 19 4-0 11 3-7 13 0-6 5 0-3 8 1-0 9 1-1 153 2-5 95 1-8 Teaching or training college .. 100 4-2 239 10-4 16 3-4 23 7-6 23 1-0 27 1-5 32 3-8 75 9-3 171 2-9 364 7-1 Clerical — Government or local body .. 261 10-8 48 2-1 38 8-1 .8 2-7 78 3-4 21 1-2 120 14-4 15 1-9 497 8-3 92 1-8 Banks, insurance .. .. 131 5-4 24 1 1 23 4-9 5 1-7 20 0-9 10 0-6 21 2-5 1 0-1 195 3-3 40 0-8 Legal .. .. .. 41 1-7 18 0-8 2 0-4 3 1-0 8 0-4 16 0-9 4 0-5 9 1-1 55 0-9 46 0-9 Commercial .. .. 449 18-7 418 18-2 73 15-5 56 18-6 217 9-6 511 29-2 52 6-2 94 11-6 791 13-2 1,079 20-9 Engineering, surveying, and 54 2-2 2 0-1 38 8-1 .. .. 280 12-4 .. .. 17 2-0 .. .. 389 6-5 2 * architecture Various trades and industries 281 11-7 92 4-0 56 11-9 9 3-0 655 29-0 234 13-4 131 15-7 16 2-0 1,123 18-8 351 6-8 Shop and warehouse .. 386 16-0 303 13-2 50 10-6 31 10-3 372 16-5 327 18-7 111 13-3 121 14-9 919 15-4 782 15-2 Farming .. .. .. 329 13-7 5 0-2 75 15-9 .. .. 310 13-7 2 0-1 259 31-1 1 0-1 973 16-3 8 0-2 Home .. .. .. 23 1-0 560 24-4 7 1-5 88 29-2 26 1-1 387 22-1 27 3-2 429 52-9 83 1-4 1,464 28-4 Other occupations .. .. 47 1-9 358 15-6 25 5-3 19 6-3 98 4-3 87 5-0 14 1-7 27 3-3 184 3-1 491 9-5 Not known .. .. 192 8-0 156 6-8 49 10-4 48 15-9 161 7-1 122 7-0 38 4-6 14 1-7 440 7-4 340 6-6 Totals, 1937 .. 2,407 100-0 2,293 100-0 471 100-0 301 100-0 2,261 100-0 1,749 100-0 834 100-0 811 100-0 5,973 100-0 5,154 100-0 Totals, 1936 .. 3,258 .. 2,654 .. 569 .. 337 .. 2,706 .. 1,949 .. 1,089 .. 937 .. 7,622 .. 5,877 Difference .. .. —851 .. —361 .. —98 .. —36 .. —445 .. —200 .. —255 .. —126 .. —1649 .. —723 * Insignificant percentage.

E.—l.

Table O 6. —Percentages of Boys leaving Post-primary Schools in 1934-37 who proceeded to the University or to Employment in the Three Main Occupational Groups.

As regards the tables (0 2 and 0 4) covering figures in relation to pupils leaving school after having completed their primary course, the most noticeable feature is the somewhat large increase in the percentage of pupils leaving and proceeding to further full-time education in some type or other of post-primary school. An increase has been recorded for the past three years, and applies to girls as well as to boys. No great variation is recorded elsewhere, except that a lower percentage of boys proposed to engage in agricultural and pastoral pursuits than formerly, and the same remark applies to girls who remained " home " on completion of their primaryschool course. In table 0 6 above dealing with percentages of boys leaving all types of postprimary schools and who proceeded to a University college as full-time students or who intended to take up employment in the three main occupational groups named in the table, no great variation is recorded this year in comparison with last year. It is of interest to note, however, that there was an increase in the percentage proceeding to a University college and to " farming." 16. VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE AND PLACEMENT. In the introduction to this report reference was made to the appointment of certain teachers part of whose work would lie in advising pupils and parents as to the choice of employment on the termination of the pupils' course. The table below shows that there is now only a small percentage of boys leaving primary public schools who are not intending to further their education or who liave not some definite occupation in which to engage. There is not such a good result in the case of pupils leaving post-primary schools, but in the case of girls there is an increasing percentage each year accounted for either at University colleges or in employment.

Table P.—Percentages of Pupils leaving Primary, Intermediate, and Post-primary Schools in 1934-37 who are known to have proceeded to Further Full-time Education of a Higher Grade or to some Definite Occupation (Home excluded).

5.— E. 1.

33

University. J™""* Trades and Industrie,. Class of School. 1934.1985.193ft. 1937. 1934.1935.1988. 1937. 1934.1935. 1936. 1937 1934. 1935. 1986.1937. Secondary .. .. .. 5 5 4 j 5 50 I 55 60 59 i 15 13 12 14 14 16 16 12 Combined .. .. .. 4 7 4 4 45 i 48 59 51 j 24 17 16 16 12 17 10 j 12 Technical .. .. .. 1 * * 1 35 39 44 44 | 17 15 14 14 30 29 28 29 District high .. .. .. 1 2 1 1 31 37 43 43 ! 33 31 29 31 16 16 16 16 All schools .. .. .. 3 3 2 3 41 i 46 52 51 I 20 17 15 16 20 20 20 I 19 ' , ___J I ! |_ * Insignificant percentage.

Boys. Girls. Class of School. ; j j— 1934. 1935. 1936. ! 1937. 1934. 1935. 1936. 1937. I I | I Primary .. 90 92 94 96 64 68 72 76 Intermediate .. ..91 93 94 94 76 79 82 84 Secondary .. 87 91 93 91 52 57 66 69 Combined . . 89 94 93 88 48 58 59 55 Technical .. 88 90 90 92 53 58 66 71 Secondary departments of 85 89 92 92 31 35 44 45 district high schools All post-primary schools 87 90 92 91 48 53 62 65

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17. LENGTH OF POST-PRIMARY COURSE. The returns compiled in 1937 by teachers show also the duration of the postprimary course taken by pupils who have now left school. Summarized, the position is as follows : —

Table Q1.

No returns have been obtained from post-primary schools giving the actual length of school life of each individual pupil, but from the information summarized in the above table it is possible to give an approximation of the average length of the school life of those pupils who left school in 1937. For this purpose a pupil leaving in his first year is taken to have a school life of one year and so on till those leaving in a fourth year or later are taken as four years only. Some pupils stay for five or six years, but this fact is compensated for when it is considered that many pupils leaving in their first and second year cannot be said to have a school life of one and two years respectively. The following figures are given, therefore, with the reservation that they are not compiled from exact information, but they are nevertheless not far from beingcorrect : Average Length of School Life. Y. M. Secondary schools .. .. .. ■ ■ • • ..29 Combined schools .. . • •. • • • • ..27 Technical high and day schools .. .. .. ..21 Secondary departments of district high schools .. .. ..23 All post-primary schools .. .. • • •. ..25 Table Q 2 concerns those pupils who commenced and finished their courses in the same year, while Table Q 1 also includes in " leaving in first year " pupils who, though in the first year of their course when they left, actually commenced that course in a previous calendar year or at a private secondary school. This explains the difference in the figures in the two tables.

Table Q2. —Number of Children who commenced Post-primary Courses in 1937 and who definitely left in the same Year.

Note. —As the schools opened at various dates owing to the infantile paralysis epidemic, the figures concerning the children leaving in each month of the course have not been included this year.

34

Secondary j Combined amf Techmcii' D " n f fi igh All Schools. Sohoo!s - | Sch00ls - Day Schools. , Schools ' Number. ! Number. | j Number, i I Number. I Number, i Leaving in first year .. ■ 681 15 138 ! 18 1,231 31 530 32 2,580 23 Leaving in second year j 1,270 27 215 j 28 1,572 39 488 30 3,545 32 Leaving in third year .. j 1,182 25 227 j 29 870 22 287 17 2,o66 23 Leaving in fourth year 1,567 33 192 25 337 8 340 21 2,436 22 and later Totals, 1937 .. 4,700 100 772 100 4,010 100 1,645 100 11,127 100 Totals, 1936 .. 5,912 .. 906 .. 4,655 .. 2,026 .. 13,499 Difference .. —1,212 .. —134 .. —645 .. —381 .. 2,372

Secondary Combined Technical District Tntnla Schools. Schools. High Schools. High Schools. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Totals, 1937 .. 318 338 89 47 731 451 270 233 1,408 1,069 Totals, 1936 .. 443 377 96 43 895 579 348 302 1,782 1,301 Difference .. —125 —39 —7 +4 —164 —128 —78 —69 —374 £32

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18. FREE PLACES IN POST - PRIMARY SCHOOLS. The following table gives the number of free-place holders in post-primary schools in 1936 and 1937 : —

Table R.—Free-place Holders as at 1st July.

On the Ist July, 1937, 32,975 children were in attendance at public schools providing secondary education, and of these 32,662 held free places and 313 were paying pupils. Ninety-nine per cent, of the children were thus receiving free secondary education. In 1936 353 out of the 32,228 children in attendance were paying pupils. The percentage of children receiving free education in 1937 was the same as that of the previous year. 19. SPECIAL CLASSES FOR BACKWARD CHILDREN. The total roll number of special classes continues to show a small increase, there being 561 pupils on the roll at Ist July, 1937, compared with 551 at the same date for the previous year, and with 510 in 1935. These classes provide tuition of an individual character which would not otherwise be available in an ordinary class of a public school. 20. INTERMEDIATE SCHOOLS AND DEPARTMENTS. There was no change in the number of intermediate schools and departments, there being five intermediate schools and eleven intermediate departments functioning throughout the year. Sites have been obtained, however, for the erection of buildings, and it is hoped that in the near future a number of new intermediate schools will be established. There were 4,566 pupils 011 the roll of these schools and departments on Ist July, 1937, as against 4,420 on the same date in 1936. An investigation into the intermediate school system was being carried out by the Director, New Zealand Council for Educational Research, during the year, and this will be available in 1938. 21. POST-PRIMARY EDUCATION. No additional schools providing post-primary education were established during the year, but district high school departments were approved at Collingwood in the Nelson Education District and at Nightcaps and Queenstown in the Southland Education District. The secondary department at Manaia School was closed and arrangements made for the pupils to be conveyed to Hawera Technical High School. The roll numbers of full-time pupils attending the various types of schools or departments on Ist July, 1937, and on the same date in the previous year were as follows : — 1Q37 Secondary .. .. .. .. .. .. 15,650 15,327 Combined .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,233 2,330 Technical .. .. .. ... .. .. 9,163 9,408 Secondary department of district high schools .. .. 4,74-9 4,949 Endowed schools and registered private secondary schools 4,982 5,202 Correspondence school .. .. .. .. 786 961 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 37,563 38,177

35

Technical Secondary „ ... p . i Combined High and Departments Secondary Schools. Day of District Wjj™ S$SS7 , Schools, j Schools. High Schools. School. Schools. Boys, j Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys. 1 Girls. Boys. Girls. I Junior free places .. .. .. 5,1214,957 946 664 14,280 3,4751,725 1,976 330 446 12,40211,518 Senior free places .. .. ..2,747 2,370 398 3011 858 732 565 652 40 79 4,608 4,134 Totals .. .. .. .. 7,8687,3271,344 965 5,138 4,207 2,290 2,628 370 525 17,01015,652 Grand totals, 1937 . . .. 15?195 2?309 9?345 895 32?662 Grand totals, 1936 .. .. 15,477 2,205 9,075 4,706 765 32,228 Difference .. .. .. j -282 +104 +270 +212 +130 +434

E.—l.

22. EVENING TECHNICAL CLASSES AND PART-TIME DAY CLASSES. Evening technical and part-time day classes were conducted at 143 centres during the year, an increase of five over the previous year. As. at Ist July there were 13,430 students on the rolls of these classes in comparison with 12,481 students in 1936. Of the 13,430 students 9,298 were males and 4,132 were females ; 5,447 of the males and 2,367 of the females held free places, a total of 7,814, compared with 7,104 in 1936. The greatest increases in the number of students occurred in the case of those whose occupations were given as labourers, engineers, and mechanics and electricians. 23. NATIVE SCHOOLS. At the end of 1937 the Department directly controlled and maintained 141 Native schools for the primary education of Maori children in districts where the Maori race predominates. The following table shows the number of schools, with the enrolment, as at the Ist July, 1936, and Ist July, 1937 : —

European children to the number of 1,084 were in attendance at Native schools at Ist July, 1937, and are included in the above figures. If these be deducted, the total enrolment of Native children in all primary schools at Ist July becomes 20,094, compared with 19,207 in 1936. The average attendance at Native schools was maintained at a creditably high percentage, 91-1 per cent, of the average weekly roll. Boarding schools for the secondary education of the Maoris have been established by religious denominations, and the Government provides a number of scholarships tenable at these schools, which are inspected by the Department's officers. There were eight schools at the end of last year with an enrolment of 501 pupils, of whom 188 held Government scholarships. Seven Maori boys held University scholarships —two at Victoria University College, three at Auckland University College, and two at Otago University, those at Auckland and Victoria taking a course in arts and those at Otago taking the medical course ; and six Maoris held Agricultural Scholarships —three being tenable at St. Stephen's College, and three at Wesley College. Five Maori girls were holding nursing scholarships—two being held at St. Joseph's, two at Queen Victoria, and one at Turakina. 24. REGISTERED PRIVATE PRIMARY SCHOOLS. The following table summarizes the returns furnished by registered private primary schools with respect to the year 1937 : —

Table S.

36

I I 1936. 1937. Schools. Roll. Schools. j Roll. Native village schools .. .. .. 140 9,098 140 9,521 Mission and boarding schools (primary) .. 12 674 11 662 Public schools with Native children enrolled 851 10,534 861 10,995 Totals .. .. .. .. 1,003 20,306 1,012 21,178

Undenomi- j Catholic Other , national Church Church Total. Schools. j Schools. Schools. Number of schools .. .. .. 27 225 54 306 Roll at December — Boys .. .. •• 405 11,633 1,510 13,548 Girls .. .. 624 12,091 1,668 14,383 Total .. .. .. 1,029 23,724 3,178' 27,931 Average attendance .. .. 882 21,441 2,858 25,181 Teachers (inclusive of head teachers) — Men 10 53 68 131 Women .. .. .. 62 710 129 901 Total .. .. 72 763 197 1,032

E.—l.

The number of schools at the end of the previous year was 309, and the total enrolment 27,709. There has been a decrease of 3 in the number of registered private primary schools when compared with the number at the end of 1936. 25. ENDOWED SCHOOLS AND REGISTERED PRIVATE SECONDARY SCHOOLS. The following table summarizes the returns furnished by endowed schools and registered private secondary schools with respect to the years 1936 and 1937

Table T.

26. CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL. The roll of the correspondence school continues to increase, there being 011 Ist July, 1937, 1,701 primary pupils, as against 1,587, and 961 secondary pupils as against 786 on the same date in the previous year. The school curriculum was extended during the year to include commercial subjects and light woodwork. It is intended to permit members of the staff to visit the homes of pupils to advise parents concerning the work of their children and to discuss problems which confront parent and pupil alike. 27. KINDERGARTEN SCHOOLS. The number of schools, pupils on the roll, average attendance and average weekly roll at schools conducted in 1937 by recognized kindergarten associations were as follow : —

Table U.

It will be observed that for this year the average weekly roll number of pupils under each kindergarten association is given. This information has now been added to the table because of the fact that the capitation payments made by the Department to the associations is now computed on that basis instead of on average attendance, as formerly. This provides a slightly more liberal basis of payment.

37

1936. 1937. Number of schools .. .. .. .. 56 57 Roll at 1st July .. .. .. .. 4,982 5,419 Average attendance .. .. .. .. 4,752 5,167 Teachers (inclusive of principals) — Men .. .. .. .. .. 151 154 Women .. .. .. .. .. 199 204 Total .. .. .. .. 350 358

Association. Number of Schools. Jm? Average Weekly . _ __ Auckland .. .. 10 458 353 422 Hastings .... 1 55 34 41 Hutt Valley .. 1 49 39 47 Wellington .. .. 7 289 262 302 Christclrurch .. 7 384 279 351 Dunedin .. .. 6 304 237 277 Invereargill .. .. 4 148 119 142 Totals, 1937 36 1,687 1,323 1,582 Totals, 1936 34 1,701. 1,278 * Difference.. +2 —14 +45 * Not available.

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28. CONSOLIDATION OF SCHOOLS. Several schemes were considered and reported upon by officers of the Department involving the closing of small schools and their consolidation on another school. Actually there was greater consideration given to this branch of the work of the Department than has been the practice for some years past. It is clear that the number of consolidated schools will increase in the future, because where they have been established their undoubted advantages are realized by the people in the communities which they serve. 29. CONVEYANCE AND BOARD OF SCHOOL - CHILDREN. The following tables give the cost of the conveyance of pupils to school and of board of school-children attending public schools. It will be observed that the expenditure on conveyance, for the various types of schools under the heading " Other" has increased somewhat in 1937 when compared with the previous year. This, in the main, has been as a result of the increase in the number of conveyance services by road that have been approved by the Department. A perusal of the totals for this and last year in table V 2 will show that there has been a considerable increase in expenditure this year. It will be observed that this is caused mainly by the increases in the amounts paid in the case of the postprimary schools or departments. Approval for the payment of boarding-allowance in these schools was not given till late in the year 1936, and for the year 1937 the rate of payment was increased to 7s. 6d. per week from ss. per week paid in 1936.

Table V1.—Cost of Conveyance of Pupils to Schools and to Manual Classes by Rail, Motor-vehicle, etc.

Table V 2. —Cost of Board of Pupils attending Schools. 1936-37. 1937-38. £ £ Public primary .. .. .. .. • • 4,502 4,927 Secondary departments of district high .. .. .. 256 2,380 Secondary .. .. .. ■■ •• 2,315 11,364 Combined .. .. .. •• •• •• 634 4,052 Technical .. .. .. •• •• •• 789 5,115 Native .. .. •• •• •• •• 1,056 1,102 Totals .. .. £9,552 £28,940

38

1036-37. 1937-38. Type of School. Rail. Other. Total. Rail. Other. Total. | i £ ! £ i £ £ £ £ Public primary 1,381 | 73,934*! 75,315f 2,576 101,641 104,217 Private primary .. .. •• 1,419 I .. ; 1,419 3,238 .. 3,238 Manual classes in connection with, public 3,323 3,979 7,302 6,173 4,243 10,416 primary Manual classes in connection with private 72 .. 72 118 .. 118 primary Secondary departments of district high .. 673 864 1,537 1,318 2,280 3,598 Secondary 3,098 1,104 4,202 5,998 4,618 10,616 Combined .. .. .. .. 419 285 704 1,642 515 2,157 Technical .. .. •• •• 3,984 461 4,445 7,484 3,644 11,128 Private secondary .. .. .. 825 .. 825 1,642 .. 1,642 Native .. .. .. 38 5,647 5,685 89 8,971 9,060 Totals .. .. .. •• 15,232 86,274 [101,506 30,278 125,912 156,190 * This sum includes £303, the cost of conveyance of children to intermediate departments of secondary schools, f This sum includes the cost of conveyance of children to consolidated schools and intermediate schools.

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30. MANUAL INSTRUCTION. During the year the usual instruction was given by class teachers in primary schools in the subjects elementary science and agriculture under the supervision of twenty-three itinerant agricultural instructors, one more than in the previous year. The extent to which classes in other manual subjects were taken by pupils from the different types of schools may be summarized as follows : —

There were 143 manual-training centres during 1937. 31. PHYSICAL EDUCATION. This subject of the school curriculum receives regular attention in all types of schools and plays an important part in the development of the physique and the maintenance of the health of the children. In organized games, in the more formal exercises, and in dancing and marching very great interest is manifest by teachers and pupils alike, with the result that the greatest benefit accrues from the instruction. As a result of the reinstatement of the policy of allowing training-college students to remain for a third-year course to specialize in a particular subject it is hoped that a number of students specializing in physical education qualified to give instruction will be available to go out into the schools next year. 32. SCHOOL MUSIC. The teaching of singing and of the wider subject, school music, continues to receive adequate attention in all schools. Several training-college students are specializing in this subject in the training colleges during their third-year course, and their assistance will be a distinct advantage when they secure appointments in the primary schools. 33. TRAINING OF TEACHERS. The following tables summarize the position regarding the training of teachers at the end of 1936 and 1937 : —

Table W1.—Number of Teachers in Training.

39

Number of Number of Pupils attending Schools Centres. — from which attended. Bo^> - Girls - Public primary and Native schools .. .. .. 762 15,495 14,857 Intermediate schools and departments .. .. .. 16 2,424 2,045 Secondary departments of district high schools .. .. 71 1,560 1,725 Private schools .. .. .. .. .. 160 1,963 2,059 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 1,009 21,442 20,686

Training-college Students. Total. I # ! Division A.j Division B. Division C. j Division D. I I j 1936 .. .. 1,057 .. 121 .. 1,178 1937 .. .. 1,268 .. 76 .. 1,344

E.—l.

Table W2.—Number of Students in the various Training Colleges.

34. HIGHER (UNIVERSITY) EDUCATION. The number of students on the books of the four University colleges affiliated to, and the two agricultural colleges established in connection with, the University of New Zealand at the end of 1937 was 5,238, as against 5,218 at the end of 1936. The figures for each of the colleges were as under : — 1936. 1937. Auckland .. .. .. .. 1,267 1,247 Victoria .. .. .. .. ~ 1,055 1,161 Canterbury .. .. .. .. .. 1,125 1,151 Otago .. .. .. .. .. 1,520 1,451 Massey .. .. .. .. .. .. 210 184 Lincoln .. .. .. .. .. 41 44 5,218 5,238 The total number of students described as taking definite courses at the four affiliated colleges was 4,775. These were distributed as follow : — Agriculture .. . . 31 Journalism . . . . 46 Architecture .. . . 47 Law .. .. .. .. 355 Arts .. . . .. 1,898 Massage . . .. 19 Commerce .. .. 819 Medicine .. .. . . 464 Dentistry . . . . 138 Mining .. . . 42 Diploma of Education .. 69 Music .. .. .. 79 Engineering .. .. 174 Science .. .. .. 494 Home-science .. .. 100 The following are some particulars relating to University education in the four affiliated colleges : —

Table Y.

40

1936. 1937. College. — ~ Men. Women. Total. Men. Women. Total. . Auckland .. .. .. 163 259 422 198 262 460 Wellington .. .. .. 77 138 215 99 184 283 Ckristchurcli .. .. .. 117 195 312 134 207 341 Dunedin.. .. .. .. 86 143 229 98 162 260 Totals .. .. .. 443 735 1,178 529 815 1,344

1934. | 1935. 1936. 1937. I I Number of students in actual attendance at 3,910 4,109 4,377 4,462 lectures Number of exempted students .. .. 811 709 590 548 Percentage of studentsMen 74 74 75 76 Women .. .. . • .. 26 26 25 24 Percentage of students actually attending Universities receiving free education*— Men .. .. .. .. .. 18 19 22 40 Women .. .. .. . • 29 32 42 58 All students .. .. .. .. 21 22 27 45 Occupations of students expressed as per- , a w * a. —,, * , centages— m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. (1) Full-time students 47 68 44 55 40 44 36 46 (2) Teachers and training-colleges .. 9f 17")" 12 28 17 39 18 38 (3) Government and local bodies 15 4 16 3 16 4 22 4 (4) Other 27 7 25 7 25 8 23 8 (5) Not known .. .. .. 2 4 3 7 2 5 1 4 * These students hold scholarships or training-college studentships. f These are teachers. There were no training-college students in 1934.

E.—l.

35. ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS. Examinations conducted in 1937 comprised mainly the following : — (1) An August series for teachers' certificates and handicraft teachers' certificate. (2) A November-December series including the Training College Entrance, Public Service Entrance, School Certificate, Intermediate, and Technological Examinations. Examinations were held at eighty-seven public centres in 1937. The number of candidates actually presenting themselves for the various examinations during the last three years is shown in Table Z 1 following : —

Table Z1. —Number of Candidates for various Examinations.

Table Z2. —Standard and Results of Examinations.

6—E. 1.

41

35- ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS. Examinations conducted in 1937 comprised mainly the following : — (1) An August series for teachers' certificates and handicraft teachers' certificate. (2) A November-December series including the Training College Entrance, Public Service Entrance, School Certificate, Intermediate, and Technological Examinations. Examinations were held at eighty-seven public centres in 1937. The number of candidates actually presenting themselves for the various examinations during the last three years is shown in Table Z 1 following : — Table Z 1.—Number of Candidates for various Examinations. . Examination. 1935. 1936. 1937. Intermediate .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 996 1,012 1,092 Public Service Entrance .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. 1,095 Teachers' Class C .. .. .. .. .. .. 97 87 103 Training College Entrance .. .. .. .. .. 684 845 893 School Certificate .. .. .. .. .. 4,307 4,402 4,565 London University Examinations .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 4 Handicraft Teachers' Certificate . . .. .. .. .. 13 16 11 Technological Examinations .. . . . . .. . . 67 69 63 Naval Cadetships .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 4 Aircraft Apprenticeship .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 1 Examinations held on behalf of City and Guilds of London Institute . . 191 217 176 Totals .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,366 6,654 8,007 Table Z 2.—Standard and Results op Examinations. 1936. 1937. S d d <2fl <S c$ © g c3 <8c3 2S d O c3 d O 43 c3 Stage in Course 2 5 £ 2° 2 2 2 5 S 2° !3 !2 at, whlph Examination. Examination is normally §2 3 § S S . §.£h § g S8 § taken. 28- Sgl S §. °i °S. °S| °2 «■§ oS.« Sa o§S ■S&. 'Sa ° <G . ®(u a) "- 1 OJftK a)., OJ'-'PJ a; =— o t> P5 -2 ° & o o t fl o -w S'gii S'S-B S-p EfisS SfS S-o 2 & M 3 i£ GQ 3 & E3 W 33 CJ f ft ; f3 & w n :£ £ fc fc £ fc ! S? z; I f Intermediate .. .. At end of Form IV .. 1,012 509 .. 503 1,092 567 .. 525 Public Service Entrance At end of Form IV .. .. .. .. .. 1,095 662 .. 433 School Certificate .. At end of Form V .. 4,402 2,091 1,077* 1,234 4,565 2,417 804* 1,344 Training College Entrance At end of Form VI .. 845 262 414 169 893 434 345 114 Certificate for Class C and At end of training- 87 4f 64 19 103 22f 62 19 Class B college course Handicraft Teachers'Cer- Taken by teachers .. 16 2 4 10 11 8 3 tificate Technological Examinations — Preliminary.. .. At. end of Form IV or 18 10 8 29 22 7 equivalent Intermediate .. Evening classes, third- 33 23 10 22 15 7 year apprentices Final .. .. Evening classes, fourth - 18 15 .. 3 12 9 .. 3 year apprentices .. Naval Cadetship (Special Form VI .. 2 2 .. .. 4 2 .. 2 Entry) Aircraft Apprentices .. Form V.. .. 2 .. .. 1 I 1 London University .. Post-secondary .. 2 9.. 2 4 2.. 2 Examinations held on be- As for technological 217 J 116 .. 101 211J 105 .. 106 half of City and Guilds examinations of London Institute * Sixteen in 1936 and 19 in 1937 passed in additional subjects. f Includes 1 in 1936 and 2 in 1937 who passed for Class B. t These numbers represent the subjects taken. The number of individual candidates was 180 in 1936 and 176 in 1937. 6—E. 1.

35- ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS. Examinations conducted in 1937 comprised mainly the following : — (1) An August series for teachers' certificates and handicraft teachers' certificate. (2) A November-December series including the Training College Entrance, Public Service Entrance, School Certificate, Intermediate, and Technological Examinations. Examinations were held at eighty-seven public centres in 1937. The number of candidates actually presenting themselves for the various examinations during the last three years is shown in Table Z 1 following : — Table Z 1.—Number of Candidates for various Examinations. . Examination. 1935. 1936. 1937. Intermediate .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 996 1,012 1,092 Public Service Entrance .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. 1,095 Teachers' Class C .. .. .. .. .. .. 97 87 103 Training College Entrance .. .. .. .. .. 684 845 893 School Certificate .. .. .. .. .. 4,307 4,402 4,565 London University Examinations .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 4 Handicraft Teachers' Certificate . . .. .. .. .. 13 16 11 Technological Examinations .. . . . . .. . . 67 69 63 Naval Cadetships .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 2 4 Aircraft Apprenticeship .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 2 1 Examinations held on behalf of City and Guilds of London Institute . . 191 217 176 Totals .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,366 6,654 8,007 Table Z 2.—Standard and Results op Examinations. 1936. 1937. S d d <2fl <S c$ © g c3 <8c3 2S d O c3 d O 43 c3 Stage in Course 2 5 £ 2° 2 2 2 5 S 2° !3 !2 at, whlph Examination. Examination is normally §2 3 § S S . §.£h § g S8 § taken. 28- Sgl S §. °i °S. °S| °2 «■§ oS.« Sa o§S ■S&. 'Sa ° <G . ®(u a) "- 1 OJftK a)., OJ'-'PJ a; =— o t> P5 -2 ° & o o t fl o -w S'gii S'S-B S-p EfisS SfS S-o 2 & M 3 i£ GQ 3 & E3 W 33 CJ f ft ; f3 & w n :£ £ fc fc £ fc ! S? z; I f Intermediate .. .. At end of Form IV .. 1,012 509 .. 503 1,092 567 .. 525 Public Service Entrance At end of Form IV .. .. .. .. .. 1,095 662 .. 433 School Certificate .. At end of Form V .. 4,402 2,091 1,077* 1,234 4,565 2,417 804* 1,344 Training College Entrance At end of Form VI .. 845 262 414 169 893 434 345 114 Certificate for Class C and At end of training- 87 4f 64 19 103 22f 62 19 Class B college course Handicraft Teachers'Cer- Taken by teachers .. 16 2 4 10 11 8 3 tificate Technological Examinations — Preliminary.. .. At. end of Form IV or 18 10 8 29 22 7 equivalent Intermediate .. Evening classes, third- 33 23 10 22 15 7 year apprentices Final .. .. Evening classes, fourth - 18 15 .. 3 12 9 .. 3 year apprentices .. Naval Cadetship (Special Form VI .. 2 2 .. .. 4 2 .. 2 Entry) Aircraft Apprentices .. Form V.. .. 2 .. .. 1 I 1 London University .. Post-secondary .. 2 9.. 2 4 2.. 2 Examinations held on be- As for technological 217 J 116 .. 101 211J 105 .. 106 half of City and Guilds examinations of London Institute * Sixteen in 1936 and 19 in 1937 passed in additional subjects. f Includes 1 in 1936 and 2 in 1937 who passed for Class B. t These numbers represent the subjects taken. The number of individual candidates was 180 in 1936 and 176 in 1937. 6—E. 1.

E.—l.

The examination branch of the Department assists in the arrangements necessary for carrying out the Wiremen's Registration Examinations conducted by the Electrical Wiremen's Registration Board. In addition to those certificates issued as a result of the examinations given in Table Z 2, certificates were also issued in the following cases to candidates who were recommended by Principals of post-primary schools and approved by the Department's Inspectors.

Table Z3.—Number of Certificates issued by accrediting.

In regard to examinations conducted by the University of New Zealand the following shows the position in 1936 and 1937 : —

Table Z4. —University Examinations.

42

(These are in addition to those awarded as a result of examination.) Number of Certificates issued. Certificate. Stage of Course at which Certificate is issued. 1936. 1937. Intermediate . . At end of Form IV—i.e., at the end of at least the second 6,954 7,315 year of approved post-primary course Higher leaving .. At the end of Form VI—■i.e., at the end of at least the fourth 1,060 1,310 year of approved post-primary course ; 1 ___

-c, ■ Stage in Course at which Examina- ,, , , „ Examination. 8 tion is normally taken. J Number of Canchdates. 1936. 1937. University Entrance At end of Form Y —i.e., at end (a) Who presented them- 4,774 4,860 Examination of at least the third year of selves'for examination post-primary course (only the (b) Who passed .. 2,342 2,357 very best third-year pupils (c) Who failed .. .. 2,432 2,503 succeed in passing) Entrance Scholarship At end of Form VI —i.e., at end (a) Who presented them- 280 213 Examination of at least the fourth year of selves for examination post-primary course (b) Who obtained at least a 130* 91* pass with credit (c) Who qualified only for 65 46 University entrance as a result of the examination (d) Who failed .. .. 85 76 Other University During University course .. (a) Who presented them- 8,019 7,951 examinations selves for examination (b) Who obtained complete 4,889 4,881 or partial successes * Thirty scholarships are awarded yearly.

E.—l.

36. CHILD WELFARE. The total number of children under supervision of the Child Welfare Branch as at the 31st March, 1938, was 7,403, classified under the following headings State wards— In foster-Homes, hostels, and with friends .. .. .. .. 2,673 In situations (includes 14 absent without leave) .. .. .. 855 In Government institutions, receiving-homes, &c. .. .. .. 235 In private institutions .. .. .. .. •• •• 193 Inmates in special schools for backward children .. .. .. 221 In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. .. .. . . .. 29 In School for Deaf, Sumner .. .. .. • ■ • • 7 4,213 Other than State wards — Young persons supervised by Child Welfare Officers in their own homes, with relatives, or with friends, pursuant to orders of Courts .. 910 Infants supervised in foster-homes registered under the Infants Act . . 842 Pupils at School for Deaf, Sumner (other than State wards (7) included in figures above) .. .. • • • • • • • • 106 Pupils at Schools for Mentally Backward —Otekaike and Richmond (other than State wards (221) included in figures above) .. .. 42 Children supervised as preventive cases .. .. ..1,273 Children in New Zealand Institute for Blind for whom the Department makes payment .. .. • • • • • • • • 1? Total 7,403 The total number of children admitted and committed during the year was 583. Of these, 503 were committed to the care of the Superintendent by Children's Courts. The following gives the numbers of children classified according to reasons for committal: Indigent, 196 ; delinquent, 36 ; living in a detrimental environment, 46 ; neglected, 26 ; not under proper control, 121 ; accused or guilty of punishable offences, 75; and breach of supervision order, 3. The remaining 80 children came under the control of the Superintendent for the following reasons : —- (a) Admitted by private arrangement (section 12, Child Welfare Act, 1925), 13. (b) Temporarily admitted, 52. (c) Placed under supervision and ordered by the Courts to be detained in an institution for a period, 7. (d) At the time of this report 8 were held on warrant pending the decision of the Children's Courts (section 13, subsection (2), Child Welfare Amendment Act, 1927). Classifying the 583 children according to age at the time of admission, there were 79 under six months ; 23 over six months and under one year ; 72 from one to five years ; 70 from five to ten years ; 152 from ten to fourteen years ; and 187 over fourteen years. Out of the 503 children committed to the care of the Superintendent 89 had previously come before the Courts for other offences for which they had received terms of supervision. The length of period in residence for children temporarily admitted was from one day to eight weeks. At the 31st March, 1938, 138 of the children in foster-homes were receiving higher education at secondary or technical high schools. Eighty-two of these were over and 56 under the age of fourteen years. In addition, 15 boys residing in the Y.M.C.A. hostel at Auckland were receiving secondary education and 21 children were boarded at private secondary schools.

7—E. 1.

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E.—l.

37. TEACHERS' SUPERANNUATION FUND. The position of the fund at the 31st January, 1938, and the principal figures concerning the transactions for the year, compared with those for the year ended 31st January, 1937, are given below : —■ 1936-37. 1937-38. £ £ Balance at credit of fund at end of year .. .. .. .. 964,605 834,465 Decrease over balance at end of previous year .. .. .. 10,110 103,140 Income for the year — Members' contibutions .. .. .. .. .. 132,631 139,835 Interest 44,187 42,759 Government subsidy .. .. .. .. .. 171,800 54,824* Profit on realization of investments, &c. .. . . . . 34 Total income .. .. .. .. .. £348,652 £237,418 Expenditure — £ £ Retiring and other allowances .. .. .. .. 323, 97 6 328, 007 Contributions refunded, &c. .. .. .. .. 31,481 36,342 Administration expenses, &c. .. .. .. .. 3,306 3,209 Total expenditure .. .. .. .. £358,763 £367,558 1936-37. 1937-38. Number of contributors at 31st January .. .. .. .. 8,058 8,357 Number of members admitted during period . . .. . . 364 760 Number retiring from the fund during period .. .. . . 454 461 Net decrease in membership at 31st January .. .. .. 90 299f Number of allowances in force at 31st January .. .. .. 2,038 2,053 Representing an annual charge of . . .. . . £322,557 £325,130 Ordinary retiring-allowances .. .. .. 1,306 £261,513 1,313 £263,098 Retiring-allowances under extended provisions of section 75 of the Act, and under section 14 of Finance Act, 1931 .. .. .. .. .. 138 £21,883 140 £22,660 Retiring-allowances in medically-unfit cases .. .. 216 £27,830 221 £27,970 Allowances to widows .. .. .. .. 299 £9,277 308 £9,556 Allowances to children .. .. .. .. 79 £2,054 71 £1,846 Funds invested at 31st January — £ £ At 3 per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,000 5,000 At 3§ per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8,175 5,000 At 3| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 51,681 65,676 At 3f per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,200 1,200 At 4 per cent. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 24,650 83,291 At 4|-per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 280,239 383,759 At 4f per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,800 1,800 At 4| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 136,730 198,965 At 4§ per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 100 300 At 4£ per cent. .. .. . . . . .. . . 1,100 At 4f per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 300 100 At 5 per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 60,715 At 5£ per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,250 2,250 At 5| per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,400 2,400 At 6 per cent. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,750 269 At 6 per cent. \Subject to reduction under the National]' 376,392 211,432 At 6| per cent. / Expenditure Adjustment Act, 1932 \ 197 Total .. .. .. .. .. £954,679 £961,442 Average rate of interest (per cent.) — Unreduced rate .. .. .. .. .. .. 4-972 4-608 After reduction as shown above .. .. .. .. 4-577 4-378 Unclaimed contributions held at 31st January .. .. .. £855 £1,410

* Since the closing of the accounts the Government has given a further special subsidy of £123,000. t Increase.

44

E.—l.

APPENDIX. STATEMENT OF EXPENDITURE AND RECOVERIES IN RESPECT OF ALL SERVICES UNDER THE CONTROL OR SUPERVISION OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION DURING THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1938.

45

General Administration. £ £ £ Salaries of Head Office staff .. .. •• •• 36,485 Part salaries of Inspectors attached to Head Office .. 2,417 Overtime and meal allowances .. .. .. • • 435 39,337 Office furniture and fittings .. .. • • • • • • 762 Postage and telegrams .. .. •. • • • • • • 1»023 Telephones .. .. • • • • • • • • • • 343 Travelling-expenses .. •. • • • • • • • • 956 Education Gazette — Salaries .. .. • • • • . . ■ • ■ • 225 Printing, postage, &c., office and other requisites .. 1,199 424 Printing and stationery .. • • • • ■ • • • ' > 084 Printing and stationery—Storage with Government Printer .. .. 92 45,021 Less recoveries— Services rendered to Teachers' Superannuation 1,179 Board and to other Departments Education Gazette : Sales and advertising, &c. 240 Postage and telegrams .. .. _ • ■ 104 Printing and stationery and sale of publications 77 Teachers' certificates, fees for .. .. 514 2,114 42,907 Primary Education (including Intermediate Schools or Departments under control of Education Boards). Teachers'salaries and allowances .. •• •• 1,746,176 Teachers' salaries and allowances —Chatham Island schools .. 2,563 House allowances .. - - • • • • • • 41,638 1 7go 377 Education Boards — Grants for administration and general purposes .. .. • • • ■ • • • Less portion chargeable to post-primary .. .. 907 — 35,639 School Committees' allowances —Cleaning, heating, &c. .. 156,392 Less portion chargeable to post-primary .. .. 3,885 — ——- 152,507 School and class libraries .. •• •• f'tow Supply of books in necessitous cases .... .. • • 1 > 502 Supply of meals for subnormal children .. .. .. • • 25 Removal expenses of teachers .. .. •• •• •• 1,777 School buildings and sites — Maintenance, including alterations to make safe £ against earthquake .. .. 166,146 Less portion for secondary departments of district high schools chargeable to post-primary .. .. .. 4,125 r 162,021 Rebuilding or repairing buildings destroyed or damaged by fire .. • • •• • • • • 9, 502 Rent of buildings and sites for school purposes .. 3,807 Valuation fees and miscellaneous .. • • • • 66 175,396 Boys' and girls' agricultural clubs . • • • • ■ • ■ 946 Grants in aid of free kindergartens .. .. •• 5,960 Conveyance, &c., Of children — By rail .. .. •• •• ■■ 12,105 By road and water .. ... • • • • 105,884 Boarding-allowances .. •• •• •• 4,927 Purchase of new buses .. .. •• •• 11,132 134,048 Conveyance of instructors and teachers .. .. •• •• 6,676 Correspondence School — Salaries of teachers .. •• •• •• 10,830 Meal allowances .. • ■ • • • • • • 26 Other expenses .. • • • • •■ • • 'cno Office furniture and fittings .. .. •• •• 508 — ; — 13,655 Inspection (including compassionate allowances)— Salaries (less part charged Head Office Administration) .. 26,398 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. • • 8 > 962 Telephones and office expenses .. • • • • 198 Clerical assistance .. .. • • • • • • 400 Postage and telegrams .. • • • • • • 90 Compassionate allowances .. • • • ■ • • "59

E.—l.

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

46

Primary Education —continued. £ £ £ School Journal — Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 850 Printing, postage, office expenses, &c. .. .. 4,726 — 5,276 Manual Instruction — Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 70,941 Material .. .. .. .. .. .. 13,764 Incidentals .. .. .. .. .. 17,749 — 102,454 Postages .. .. .. .. .. • • .. 639 Printing (register and other school books and forms) .. .. 1,600 Swimming instruction .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,760 Expenses of tuition during epidemic period .. .. .. 1,283 Less recoveries— 2,473,318 Teachers' salaries .. .. .. .. 26 On account of maintenance of buildings .. 37 Correspondence School .. .. .. 358 School Journal sales .. .. .. 72 Special examination fees .. .. .. 32 On account of education of foreign children .. 67 Postages, printing, and stationery .. .. 211 Rent of school-sites, &c. .. .. .. 627 Registration and other fees .. .. .. 7 Manual instruction—Material .. .. 6 Conveyance of children .. .. .. 86 J>629 2,471,789 Post-primary Education. (Including intermediate departments attached to secondary and technical schools.) Teachers' salaries and allowances— District high schools .. .. .. .. 81,753 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. .. 250,018 Technical schools and classes .. .. .. 207,502 Combined schools .. .. .. .. 43,901 — 583,174 Grants to Boards for administrative and general purposes — District high schools .. .. .. .. 907 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. .. 40,792 Technical schools .. .. .. .. .. 38,661 Combined schools .. .. .. .. .. 9,551 89,911 School Committee allowances (portion for secondary depart- .. 3,885 ments, district high schools) Manual instruction in secondary schools .. .. .. .. 6,392 Conveyance of pupils— By rail .. .. .. .. .. .. 18,084 By road and water .. .. .. .. 11,071 Boarding-allowances .. .. .. .. 22,911 52,066 Supply of books in necessitous cases .. .. .. .. 633 Inspection— Salaries (less portion charged to Head Office Administration) 4,741 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. .. 1,155 Postages and telegrams .. .. .. .. 91 -r" 5,987 War Bursaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,779 School buildings, &c. ■— Maintenance of buildings (including secondary departments of district high schools) 22,864 Rents of buildings for school purposes .. .. .. 925 Rebuilding or repairing schools destroyed or damaged by fire 2 Valuation fees .. .. .. .. .. 32 23,823 Visual Education —Equipment .. .. .. .. .. 100 Correspondence School — Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. 12,906 Other expenses .. .. .. .. .. 3,900 16,806 Reef ton School of Mines — Services rendered by secondary .. 100 department of district high school Marlborough High School—Grant under Marlborough High .. 400 School Act, 1899 Printing forms, &c., for schools .. .. .. .. • ■ 444 Secondary education reserves revenue distributed to High .. 11,781 School Boards (Education Reserves Amendment Act, 1914) Supply of typewriters for use in schools .. .. .. .. 929 800,210 Less recoveries— On account of maintenance of buildings .. 1,059 Correspondence School .. .. .. 1,271 Teachers' salaries .. .. .. •. 10 Rent of school-sites, &c. .. .. .. 99 Conveyance of children .. .. .. 50 2,489 797,721

E.—l.

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

47

Higher Education. £ £ £ Statutory grants— New Zealand University—National-endowment reserve .. 4,740 revenue Auckland University College— Grant for general purposes .. .. .. 19,143 National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 2,370 21,513 Victoria University College —• Grant for general purposes .. .. -• 15,055 National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 2,370 17,425 Canterbury College— Grant for general purposes .. .. .. 10,195 National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 2,370 12,565 University of Otago— Grant for general purposes .. .. .. 22,537 National-endowment reserve revenue .. .. 2,370 24,907 Scholarships and bursaries— University National Scholarships .. .. • • 3,463 Agricultural Scholarships .. .. . • • • 64 " Sir George Grey " Scholarships .. . • ■ • 200 University Bursaries .. .. •• 18,354 Agricultural Bursaries .. .. .. •• 1,418 Architectural Bursaries .. ■ • ■ • • • 241 Engineering Bursaries .. .. .. • • 623 Home-science Bursaries .. .. .. 1,760 Art Bursaries .. .. .. .. • • 339 26,462 Special assistance to deserving students .. • • •. 125 Workers' Educational Association — Grant for organizing purposes— Auckland University College .. •. • • 1,250 Victoria University College .. . • • • 1,250 Canterbury College .. .. .. ■ • 1,250 University of Otago .. .. .. •• 1,250 Workers' Educational Association .. . • 500 British Drama League .. .. .. •. 100 5,600 Less recoveries— 113,337 University National Bursaries .. .. .. 27 113,310 Training Colleges and Training of Teachers. Training Colleges— Salaries of staffs (including staffs of practising schools in .. 30,369 excess of usual staff as public schools) Travelling-expenses of staff and expenses in connection .. 28 with appointments Allowances to and expenses of students .. .. .. 128,608 Students'University College fees .. •• •• 5,851 Special instruction, libraries, and incidental expenses .. .. 3,600 Apparatus and material .. .. .. ■. .. 931 Printing, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 Refund to ex-students of amount of boarding-allowances .. 662 repaid Training classes: Fares of teachers, &c. .. .. • • 108 170,213 Less recoveries— Students' allowances .. .. .. 54 Special instruction, libraries, and incidental 177 expenses Students' University College fees .. .. 170 Salaries of staff .. .. .. .. 133 Apparatus and material .. .. .. 8 — 542 169,671 Native Schools. Salaries of teachers .. .. .. .. .. .. 89,813 Removal expenses of teachers .. .. .. . • •. 944 Books, apparatus, and other school requisites .. .. •. 1,858 Manual instruction .. .. .. .. • • •. 1,203 Conveyance and board of children .. .. .. .. 10,162 Purchase of food and clothing for children attending Te Hapua .. 17 Native School Sundries .. .. .. .. . • • • ■ • 172 Buildings and sites— Maintenance of buildings .. .. .. .. 6,765 Rent of buildings and sites .. .. .. .. 215 Valuation and survey fees .. .. •. .. 97 7,077 Inspection— Salaries of Inspectors .. .. .. .. 1,990 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. .. 799 — 2,789 Scholarships .. .. .. .. .. •. .. 7,897 121,932

E.—l.

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

48

Native Schools —continued. Less recoveries £ £ £ Books, maps, &c. .. .. .. • • 55 Maintenance of buildings .. .. .. 52 Rent of school-sites, &c. .. .. . • 57 Transfer and travelling-expenses of Inspectors .. 94 Salaries of teachers and Inspectors .. .. 299 Scholarships and apprenticeships .. .. 500 Manual Instruction in Schools .. • ■ 8 Conveyance of children .. .. .. 3 _ 1,068 120,864 Physical Instruction. Salaries of instructors .. .. • • •• •• •• 2,978 Travelling and removal expenses .. .. • • ■ ■ 105 Uniform-allowances .. .. • • • • • • • • o,Lzo Education of the Blind. Grant to New Zealand Institute for the Blind .. .. .. 4,130 Maintenance fees of Government pupils at Jubilee Institute .. .. 471 Travelling-expenses of pupils .. .. • • • • • • 26 4,627 Less recoveries: Maintenance fees, &c. .. .. •. 395 School for the Deaf. Salaries of staff .. •. • • • • • • • • ® 1 General maintenance of institution .. .. •• •• 2,074 Maintenance of buildings, &c. .. .. •. • • • • 386 Postage and telegrams .. .. •• •• •• Travelling allowances and expenses (including transit of 319 cMldren) ~ W Less recoveries— Maintenance fees, &c. .. .. •• 1,940 Board of staff .. .. • • • • 452 Travelling-expenses .. • • • • 1 — — 2,393 —. 6,566 Schools for the Mentally Backward. Salaries of staff .. •• •• •• •• •• *n'nnq Maintenance of institutions .. ■■ •• •• •• 9,003 Maintenance of buildings, &c. .. .... .. 2,161 Travelling allowances and expenses (including transit of .. 703 children) Postage and telegrams .. •• •• •• •• 111 25,908 Less recoveries— Maintenance fees, &c. .. . • • • 958 Sale of produce, &c. .. .. • • 821 Travelling-expenses .. • • • • 43 Board of staff .. • • • • • • 1 > 822 Maintenance of institution, &c. .. .. 26 Rent of buildings and sites .. .. • • 4 — 3,674 — 22,234 Child Welfare. Salaries of staffs, including field officers .. .. •• •• 34,630 Wages of inmates, employed in institutions .. .. . • 270 Travelling and removal expenses (including transit of children) .. 5,421 Boarding-out of children .. • • • ■ • • • • '8,439 Maintenance of children in Government institutions .. •• 24,666 Maintenance of children in private institutions .. •• -• 2,917 Maintenance of buildings, &c. .. .. •• •• •• Rent, office, requisites, telephones, &c. .. .. •• aoa Office furniture and fittings .. • • • • • • • • 424 Printing, postage, and telegrams .. •• •• Payment to Post and Telegraph Department for services .. .. 714 Payment to Registrar-General's Department for services Refunds of inmates' earnings Refund of maintenance payments • • • • • • • • 468 Legal expenses .. • • • • • • • • * • z 1 Sundries 155,298 Less recoveries— _ Maintenance fees, &c. .. •• •• 18,225 Refunds for clothing, &c„ supplied .. .. 5,403 Refunds of boarding-out payments .. ■ • 283 Refunds of travelling-expenses .. • • 134 Recoveries on account of office rent, &c. .. 412 Recoveries on account of inmates'earnings .. 411 Sale of produce .. ■. • ■ • • 2,875 Board of staff and others .. •• •• 2,567 Rent of land and buildings .. .. • • 448 Maintenance of institutions, &c. .. •• 51 Sale of furniture, surplus stores, &c. .. .. 10 P ° StageS •• •• - 30,844 — 124,454

E.—l

Statement of Expenditure and Recoveries, etc. —continued.

49

Material and Stores. £ £ £ Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,070 Stores and material purchased .. .. .. .. .. 3,634 Lighting, cleaning, cartage, &o. .. .. .. .. .. 70 4,774 Less stores issued and charged to other items of vote, .. 5,419 Education Gr. 645 Less recoveries: Stores sold .. .. .. .. 147 Cr. 792 Miscellaneous. Conference of Education Authorities .. .. .. .. 895 Examination expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,179 Grading of teachers, costs of appeal, inquiries, &c. .. .. .. 254 Accidents to school-children and teachers .. .. .. .. 842 Salaries of teachers on exchange from overseas (recoverable) .. 6,018 Teachers' Superannuation Fund— Annual contribution under Act .. .. .. 43,000 Additional allowance to widows and children .. .. 4,854 Additional subsidy .. .. .. .. 123,000 Additional subsidy (loss of interest) .. .. .. 6,324 177,178 Gramophones and radios for schools (recoverable) .. .. .. 1,728 Purchase of map and flags for schools (recoverable).. .. .. 417 Assistance to country libraries .. .. .. .. .. 1,689 193,200 Less recoveries— Examination fees, &c. .. .. .. 3,320 Salaries of teachers on exchange from abroad .. 5,894 Radios and gramophones for schools .. .. 1,863 Grading of teachers .. .. .. 40 Maps and flags for schools .. .. .. 560 11,677 181,523 Net total, excluding new buildings, &e. .. .. .. 4,057,602 „ ., , _ ... Public Works Consolidated Fund: Capital Expenditure. Fund. Vote, Education. Sites, buildings, equipment, &c.— £ £ Public schools .. .. .. .. .. 321,960 9,598 Training colleges .. .. .. .. .. 1,984 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. .. 57,241 1,683 Technical schools .. .. .. .. .. 96,296 1,444 Native schools .. .. .. .. .. 32,688 1,492 Universities .. .. .. .. .. 39,086 Schools for feeble-minded .. .. .. .. 312 School for deaf .. .. .. .. .. 4,841 .. Child Welfare Institutions .. .. .. .. 351 Kindergartens .. .. .. .. .. .. 881 554,759 15,098 Less recoveries (sale of sites, &c., and recoveries on account of expenditure of past years)— Public schools .. .. .. .. 6,155 Secondary schools .. .. .. .. 1,751 Technical schools .. .. .. .. 400 Native schools .. .. .. .. 19 8,325 Net expenditure on new buildings, &c. .. 546,434 15,098 561,532 Net total, including new buildings, &c. .. .. .. 4,619,134

E.—l.

SUMMARY. Consolidated Fund—■ £ Vote, Education .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. •• 3,677,749 Vote, Internal Affairs .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . • 6,324 Finance Act, 1936 (section 23) .. .. .. .. .. •• •• 123,000 Unauthorized .. .. .. .. .. .. .. • • • • ■ ■ 11 Land Act, 1924 (national-endowment reserves revenue) .. .. .. .. .. .. 99,540 Eduoation Reserves Act, 1928, sections 23 and 30 (primary-education reserves revenuo) .. .. 147,153 Education Reserves Act, 1928, sections 23 and 30 (secondary-education reserves revenue) .. .. 11,781 AkarOa and Hokitika High Schools (reserve revenue) .. .. .. .. . ■ .. 753 Tauranga Educational Endowment Reserves Act, 1896 (reserves revenue) .. .. .. .. 268 Public Revenues Act, 1926, section 133 (Fire Insurance Fund) .. .. .. .. • • 7,952 Public Works Fund, vote, Education buildings .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 546,434 4,620,965 Less —- Consolidated Fund —■ £ Recoveries on account of expenditure of previous year .. .. .. 75 Territorial revenue .. .. .. •. .. .. .. 130 Miscellaneous revenue .. .. .. .. .. 1,619 Registration and other fees .. .. .. .. .. •. 7 1,831 £4,619,134 Additional amounts aro available from revenue from reserves vested in post-primary schools and University colleges as follows : — £ Post-primary schools .. .. .. .. .. .. ■ • . • 40,290 University colleges .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19,744 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. £60,034

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing 1,260 (copies), £75

Authority : E. V. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.—l93B.

Price Is. 3d.~\

50