PRISONS DEPARTMENT (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1934-35.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1935 Session I, H-20

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1935. NEW ZEALAND.

PRISONS DEPARTMENT (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1934-35.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

The Hon. the Minister in Charge of the Prisons Department to His Excellency the GovernorGeneral. Wellington, 17th September, 1935. I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the report of the Prisons Department for the year 1934-35. I have, &c., John G. Cobbe, Minister in Charge of Prisons Department.

The Controller-General of Prisons to the Hon. the Minister in Charge of the Prisons Department. Sir, — I have the honour to present the annual report of the Prisons Department for the financial year ended the 31st March, .1935, together with extracts from the reports of Controlling Officers, and the criminal statistics for the calendar year ended 31st December, 1934. The institutional reports have been considerably abridged on account of the existing need for economy. Prison Statistics. The statistics appended to this report show a continuation in the decline noted in last year's report, in the number of commitments to prison, the total receptions being 558 less for 1934 than for the previous year. Since 1931 there has been a decrease of 29 per cent. For purposes of comparison the following summary of receptions and discharges is submitted, including the daily average number of offenders in custody. The figure 1,360 for 1934 is the lowest for many years : —

In the foregoing table each separate admission or discharge is taken into account, whether received on transfer from one institution to another, and to arrive at the number of distinct persons involved it is necessary to make allowance for these transfers and also for cases where an offender has been imprisoned on more than one occasion during the year. The number of receptions are invariably greater than the number of distinct persons involved.

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- . . ~ ; . ■ . • .( . 7B ~ ;.... [ , j ..... ..." , j 1931. j 1932. j 1933. j 1934. I. I J I Number in custody at tie beginning of year .. 1,569 | 1,657 1,583 1,443 Number received during the year .. .. 6,354 6,179 5,087 4,529 Number discharged or transferred .. .. 6,266 6,253 5,228 4,135 Number in custody at end of year .. .. 1,657 1,583 1,443 1,236 Daily average in custody . . .. • • 1,634 1,669 1,543 1,360

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The number of distinct persons dealt with was 2,376, or 355 less than during 1933. The downward trend is even more pronounced than these figures show by reason of the fact that included in the total receptions for 1934 are 70 seamen who were involved in the West Coast shipping strike and were received at Paparua Prison one evening and discharged on the recommendation of the Magistrate the next morning. Nature of Offences. Hereunder is set out a comparative table showing for several years past the number of offences classified under three main headings —offences against the person, offences against property, and miscellaneous offences (i.e., drunkenness, vagrancy, &c.). It will be observed that the total number of distinct offenders handled during 1934 was 26 per cent, less than in 1931. For convenience of reference the ratio to each 10,000 of the general population is also included in the table.

It is satisfactory to note the falling off in the number of offences against the person and against property. This is not the present experience of some of the older countries overseas. The ratio of 15-33 per 10,000 of the general population is the lowest for a great many years, and for purposes of comparison, and as an indication of the downward movement of crime in New Zealand in recent years, the figures at the end of each of the last four decades are shown hereunder : — Ratio of Prisoners Ratio of Prisoners Year. received to 10,000 of Year. received to 10,000 of General Population. General Population. 1890 .. .. .. 38-61 I 1914 .. .. ..31-05 1894 .. .. .. 29-78 | 1924 .. .. .. 17-78 1904 .. .. .. 34-27 j 1934 .. .. .. 15-33 Some critics have asserted from time to time that, in relation to the general population of the two countries, the Dominion has a prison population three or four times in excess of that of England. It is difficult to make comparisons for the reason, as has been pointed out in earlier reports, certain classes of offenders are included in the New Zealand prison statistics who are not so dealt with in England. The latest published English statistics show the ratio of prisoners as 12-1 to 10,000 of the general population, so that it will be seen that the disparity, if any, is not very wide. Nationality of Prisoners. An analysis of the receptions on a nationality basis shows a diminution of 188 in the number of New-Zealand-born (pakeha) prisoners, and a drop of 42 in respect of Maori prisoners. It'is satisfactory to note that the relatively large increase in the number of Maoris committed to prison in 1932 has not been sustained. The following is a summary for the past five years : —

Ages of Prisoners. In last year's report attention was drawn to the falling off in the amount of crime by young offenders. This condition of affairs has been maintained, as is indicated by the following table : —

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j Offences against j Offences against ! Miscellaneous ! Total Prisoners Ratio to 10,000 ~ the Person. ' Property. ! Offences. j received. j of Population. I 1- .'■ I , 1 . ; ■ '1 ' . V1934 .. .. 155 889 1,332 2,376 15-33 1933 .. .. 196 1,048 1,487 2,731 17-75 1932 .. .. 194 1,313 1,893 3,401 22-29 1931 .. .. 216 1,155 1,832 3,203 21-29

New-Zealand- TWtUIi nnd Year. born (excluding Maoris. w . Total. Maoris). Forei § n - 1934 .. .. 1,416 211 749 2,376 1933 .. .. 1,604 253 874 2,731 1932 .. .. 1,941 316 1,144 3,401 1931 .. .. 1,779 271 1,153 3,203 1930 .. .. 1,576 184 1,104 2,864

Age Group. J 1930. j 1931. j 1932. 1933. | 1934. ' I Under 20 .. .. 164 203 222 175 120 20-25 .. .. 429 555 559 459 391 25-30 .. .. 426 488 504 403 343 30-40 .. .. 716 822 903 747 640 40 and upwards .. 1,118 1,129 1,207 937 878 Not stated .... 11 6 6 10 4 Totals .. 2,864 3,203 3,401 | 2,731 2,376

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Lengths of Sentences. Except in the case of Borstal detention, where the sentence is imposed as much in the interest of the offender for the purpose of discipline and training as for the protection of society, the period of sentence is some criterion of the gravity of the nature of the crime involved, and judging by the comparatively small proportion of the total number who receive substantial sentences it may bo concluded that the incidence of serious crime in New Zealand is not wide. Out of the 2,376 prisoners committed to prison, 1,725, or almost three-quarters of them, received sentences of six months or less. As pointed out in earlier reports, these mainly constitute a stage army of petty recidivists whose offences are largely more in the nature of nuisances than crimes. Included in this number are also no less than 164 debtors. It will be observed from the previous table that this army of old " lags "is steadily diminishing, the number of offenders over forty years of age being 878 for 1934, 937 for 1933, 1,207 for 1932. The following table shows the duration of the sentences grouped for the purpose of comparison : —

Homicides. As shown by the foregoing tables, the number of persons sentenced to imprisonment during 1934 for offences against the person was 20 per cent, lower than for the previous year. The number of persons indicted for murder was one less than for the year 1933, and three less than for the year 1932. Only one person was sentenced to death in 1934, and the sentence was given effect to. On account of the press publicity given to capital offences and the intense public interest aroused in connection with certain recent murder trials, an impression has been created in certain quarters that the crime of murder is on the increase in the Dominion. New Zealand is fortunate in having no criminal gangs such as those that prey on society with an utter disregard for the sanctity of human life in the larger cities of many countries abroad. Homicidal cases in New Zealand are relatively sporadic happenings usually arising from disordered mental functioning, though not always to a degree sufficient to justify a defence within the meaning of the McNaghten rule ; but most of them can be ascribed to sordid conditions, to incidents in miserable lives, domestic quarrels and brawls, drinking, fighting, and blows ; a callousness arising from a long course of brutality and continued absence of restraint, all of which factors, having regard to the protection of society and the deterrent element, make it exceedingly difficult to determine in which cases the extreme penalty of the law should be allowed to take effect. The following table sets out, in comparative form, the figures for the past ten years in respect of murder in New Zealand :—

It will be seen that between 1924 and 1930 there were no executions. In 1930, for the first time after a lapse of five years, the capital sentence was given effect to in one instance, and it is interesting to note that there were no less than 7 persons indicted for murder in the following year. An examination of the circumstances of each case shows that they were entirely adventitious happenings with diversified motives, and one cannot deduce from the figures whether hangings deter or whether murderers are imitative. During the past twenty years 34 persons have been sentenced to death, and in 14 cases in that period has the sentence been carried out.

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v , . Percentage to Term of Sentences. Prisoners Total Number | Sentenced. Under one month . • • • ■ • 927 39 • 1 One month and under three months . . : 488 20 • 6 Three months and under six months .. 310 13-0 Six months and under twelve months .. 208 8 • 7 One year and under three years .. .. 321 13-5 Three years and under five years .. . . 93 3-9 Over five years .. . ■ • ■ 29 1-2 Totals 2,376 100-0

. ī 1925. 1926. 1927. 1928. 1929. 1930 1931. 1932. 1933. 1934. Indicted for murder ..3 8 6 1 3 4 7 8 6 5 No bill .. .. 1 1 1 1 1 • • 1 Guilty .. .. .... 1 2 .. 1 .. .. 3 2 1 Found insane .. ..2 6 3 .. 1 1 2 1 1 2 Convicted .. .... .. .. 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 Sentenced to death. .... .. .. 1 1 3 4 3 3 1 Death sentence commuted .. .. .. .. 1 1 2 3 3 Executed .. .. ■■ •• •• •• •• 1 1 3 1

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Borstal Institutions. Tie foregoing statistics include committals to Borstal institutions established under the Prevention of Crime Act. The Borstal system in New Zealand is based on the principles of the English Borstal system, and the maximum age for admission is twenty-three years. The maximum period for which an offender can be committed is five years. It will therefore be seen that the ages of the inmates can run up to twenty-eight years. The Borstal system is an integral part of the prison system attacking the problem of crime in the incipient stages in order to arrest anti-social trends before they become deeply established habits. There is a distinct line of cleavage between the juvenile delinquent, towards whom the State adopts a parens patria attitude by placing him under the supervision and care of the Child Welfare Department, and the post-adolescent offender who is regarded at law as being more responsible for his conduct and is required to learn in the stern school of experience that crime does not pay. This latter class of offender is sent to the Borstal for rigorous training and discipline, and the aim is to inculcate habits of industry and orderliness of conduct that will fit inmates to take their place as useful law-abiding units when released. Child-welfare is essentially preventative, whereas Borstal is reclamative, and experience shows the urgent desirability of adopting prophylactic measures in the young, as the older and more habituated to crime an offender becomes, the more difficult is the problem of reform. This view is supported by a recent commentary by an English writer on the English system, which reads as follows :— " The authorities have learnt that it is much better to deal with a boy or girl of fourteen or fifteen than to wait until he or she is old enough in crime to be sent to a Borstal institution. This attitude is confirmed by the fact that the percentage of successes obtained in the industrial schools of this country is from 85 to 90 per cent., whereas in Borstal institutions — where, it need hardly be emphasized, those under treatment are to some degree more hardened—the percentage of success is 65. This difference is attributed by the authorities to leaving the problem for three or four years after it should have been faced. An order made by a Juvenile Court is intended not with the idea of punishment, but of making a good citizen." The number sent to Borstal last year was the smallest since 1925, comprising 81 young men committed direct by the Courts, and 18 young women. In addition, 21 young men were transferred to Borstal from other institutions, making a total of 120, as compared with 153 for 1933 and 242 for 1932. This fall in the number of commitments is in sympathy with the general reduction in the number of young offenders as shown by the statistical tables referred to above, but it also indicates that the Courts are now sending to Borstal only cases where such a course is absolutely necessary for the protection of the community and in the interests of the offenders themselves. Many of them have been previously dealt with under the Child Welfare Act, or have been tried out on probation, and they represent a residuum of intractable material, many of whom are of the " hooligan " type, quite undisciplined and uncontrolled. Notwithstanding the difficult material handled, of a total of 4,555 young men who have passed through the Invercargill and Waikeria institutions since they were first established only a little over 15 per cent, have again been reconvicted, and of the 214 young women who have been released from Point Halswell only a little over 11 per cent, have again appeared before the Courts. Of the total of 2,376 offenders received into penal institutions during 1934, only 4 per cent, had previously been in Borstal, so that ex Borstal detainees do not loom largely in the total commitments by the Courts. At the same time, it is noted that with the diminishing numbers of receptions and discharges of Borstal cases, coupled with the accumulating yearly totals of recommitments, the ratio has been steadily rising each year. The aggregate number of cases under the Prevention of Crime Act reconvicted over the past ten years is approximately 25 per cent, of the number released. These figures show the necessity for close attention being given to the problem of after-care, for, as previously pointed out, institutional efforts at reclamation are rendered futile if young persons on release are allowed to drift back to their previous environment and the influences that led to the original lapse. At the present time, on account of prevailing industrial conditions, it is difficult enough for persons, who have no handicap by way of stigma of conviction, to secure regular employment, but it is particularly difficult for ex inmates, for whom the need of set employment is even more vital to their rehabilitation. Many of these persons are temperamentally unstable and are not so equal to the strain of the economic struggle as normal persons. Splendid work is being done in this direction, and the Department is specially indebted to the Women's Borstal Association for their unflagging efforts both in co-operating with the staff for the well-being of the inmates at Point Halswell and for their interest in the after-care of released inmates. The comparatively small percentage of failures of young women is attributable largely to the association's organized system of placement and after-care through the medium of voluntary associates in various parts of the Dominion. The Probation Officers and the Voluntary Probation Committees associated with them also do good work, but they all stress the difficulty of finding suitable employment for the lads, and, although the Department is grateful to the Unemployment Board authorities for their helpful co-operation, work of a permanent nature is more ideally suited to lads of the characteristics that pass through our hands. It is in cases where an employer can be induced to take a personal interest in the dischargee that the best results ensue. Profiting by the experience of the Women's Borstal Association, steps were taken during the year to constitute a Borstal Association at Invercargill for the local Borstal institution, and it is hoped that fruitful results will follow by way of more organized after-care.

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A further innovation was also introduced by the establishment of a women's Visiting Committee at the Invercargill Borstal. The members of this committee will interest themselves in the well-being of the younger inmates, visit the sick ones both in the institution and in the hospital, and, where possible, establish a reconstructive contact by correspondence with the relatives of inmates. The customary round of activities (industries, classes, recreation) as outlined in earlier reports has been pursued during the year, and is set out in more detail in the institutional reports appended hereto. The Department is indebted to the many voluntary helpers, Christian workers, lecturers, the Salvation Army officers, and many others for assistance in connection with the running of the Borstals. Revenue and Expenditure. It is pleasing to be able to record that in the cash expenditure of the Department a reduction has again been effected for the year ended 31st March, 1935. A reduction of approximately £700 in gross expenditure, together with an increased revenue of £5,400, provided a decreased net expenditure of £6,100 compared with the previous financial year. Expenditure reductions have now been effected steadily for five successive years. A net cash expenditure of £77,242 for the years 1934-35, compared with £100,713 in 1930-31, notwithstanding the impossibility of arresting a revenue decline until eighteen months ago, is the net budgetary result of the Department's administration. In reviewing expenditure figures of the past few years it is satisfactory to find that, due to economies and reduced prison musters, the aggregate savings in the past four years amounts to approximately £55,000. For the current year ending 31st March, 1936, a more buoyant state of prison industries and some additional expenditure savings give promise that net expenditure will be lower than in any year since 1926.

Summary of Cash Payments and Receipts of Prisons Vote, 1924 to 1935.

The foregoing figures refer to the actual cash expenditure from Consolidated Fund and do not include overhead or permanent charges for interest and depreciation. The departmental Income and Expenditure Account (Table B) embodies all such charges and also makes due provision for value of unpaid services, unconsumed stores, &c. That account shows a somewhat greater reduction than the actual cash figures, mainly due to the Treasury assessment for nominal interest-charges being reduced by approximately £9,000. Public Works Fund Expenditure. Expenditure under this head has been almost negligible for the past five years, the policy since 1927 being to charge development-work to revenue, and for the year ended 31st March, 1935, the sum of £1,605 was expended, being confined, in the main, to an 'installation of farm water-supply at Waikeria and to drainage and reclamation at Invercargill. Further details appear in the Public Works Department annual report. Summary of Public Works Fund Expenditure. Year - Expended, j Year. Expended. 1923-24 .. .. .. .. 27,259 i 1929-30 .. .. .. .8 205 1924-25 .. .. .. .. 25,279 1930-31 .. .. .. 2'504 1925-26 .. .. .. .. 24,196 1931-32 .. .. .. 9'621 1926-27 .. .. .. .. 22,812 1932-33 .. .. . 2'026 1927-28 .. .. .. .. 22,359 1933-34 .. .. .. 1'036 1928-29 .. .. .. .. 12,572 1934-35 .. .. .. .. i^Oô Industries and Development. Farming and farm-development work is the predominant prison industrial activity, and second to this comes quarrying and roadworks. There is always a difficulty in providing suitable and adequate labour for short-sentence prisoners and others who are required for safe custody to be kept at the town

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I " " ~~ Daily Gross Expenditure. Credits. Net Expenditure. Y« r Average Number of | |' Inmates. Total. | Per Head. Total. Per Head. , Total. Per Head. £ £ £ £ £ £ 1924-25 .. .. 1,227-81 144,484 117-67 68,118 55-56 76,366 62-11 1925-26 .. .. 1,340-13 152,794 114-00 79,099 59-02 73,695 54-98 1926-27 .. .. 1,397-25 148,766 106-47 70,915 50-76 77,851 55-71 1927-28 .. .. 1,489-62 161,199 108-21 66,979 44-95 94,220 63-26 1928-29 .. .. 1,501-82 163,451 108-83 73,994 49-27 89,457 59-56 1929-30 .. .. 1,425-54 172,248 120-83 83,806 58-87 88,442 62-04 1930-31 .. .. 1,525-32 171,382 112-36 70,669 46-33 100,713 66-03 1931-32 .. .. 1,641-51 152,581 92-93 55,867 34-03 96,714 58-90 1932-33 .. .. 1,661-29 142,940 86-04 52,412 31-84 90,528 54-49 1933-34 .. .. 1,487-90 138,193 92-88 54,823 36-77 83,370 56-11 1934-35 .. .. 1,306-20 137,484 105-25 60,242 46-12 77,242 59-13

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prisons. At these institutions a variety of industries is carried on, the principal of which are bootmaking and the manufacture of clothing for our own use and for other Departments, mail-bag making and repairs, the manufacture of soaps and floor-polish, and the manufacture of tobacco, enabling a number of inmates to be usefully employed. For the last few years the Department has been growing and manufacturing the whole of its own requirements m tobacco, and this has resulted m a substantial economy. Our industries, on the whole, are m a better position than at any time during the past four yeais. Farm cash revenue, although below the immediate pre-depression total, is gradually recovering, and for the year just passed reached approximately £21,000. The quarry business realized £13,700, and roadwork activity was maintained and earned over £11,000. The material drop in the number of prisoners during the last year has added considerably to our difficulties in maintaining a supply of suitable labour at the farms and camps. It has to be borne in mind that only men in whom a reasonable degree of trust can be reposed can with safety be detailed for this type of work. As indicated in last year's report, there has been a gradual curtailment of further land-development work at the Hautu and Rangipo Camps, where the aggregate area of land broken in and put into grass by prison labour is now approximately 7,000 acres. There are two factors to be considered in the use of prison labour on farm-development work. Firstly, there is the reformative value of work of this nature having regard to the stimulating effect of work under conditions of trust in the broad open spaces, and the fitting of men physically and vocationally to take up a useful class of work on release ; and, secondly, there is the economic aspect which has regard to the marketable value of the fruits of prison labour. The first objective is constant, being dependent mainly on the efficiency of the administration in the institutions, but the second, due to the serious drop in the prices of farm-produce in recent years and its resultant effect on land-values, makes it necessary to pause and consider whether it is desirable to pursue pumice-land-development work further. Unless land-values harden considerably it is questionable whether costs will be recovered when the land is sold for ultimate settlement, as was originally intended. It is quite certain, as prices are at present, these sub-marginal light pumice lands will not return labour-development costs, and it is for this reason, plus the fewer number of suitable men available that the Department has slowed up on further development-work and is now endeavouring to consolidate and subdivide the 7,000 acres already cleared. It is fortunate that this land-development scheme, for many years past, has been carried on out of revenue, so that it is in a somewhat different position from an enterprise upon which interest-bearing loan capital has been spent. As previously indicated, the cost factor is not the only consideration, and this point is well brought out by a Norwegian authority, who recently stated. " The work of prisoners and the varying profit resulting therefrom are not in themselves an objective, but a means to an end. It therefore follows that suitable and continuous work must be provided for the prisoners whether times are prosperous or depressed, whether the public treasury gams or loses as a result. The clearing and breaking-up of land is always a difficult and costly proceeding, but on account of its great public importance the State accords to such work, and also to the preliminary settling of the land, a considerable measure of economic support. This work therefore provides a practically unlimited field of activity for the employment of piisoners without at all entering into collision with private interests. Agricultural work is incontestably the most wholesome, both for the health and the spirit of the prisoner. This work, as well as clearing the land, is always of great importance from the viewpoint of political economy. _ Prison labour must be so organized as to include, in the first place, all the work required in the prison itself. The prisons should manufacture all the goods required by themselves in the line of movables, clothes, footwear, tools and utensils, &c., and also all building-work that can be done by the prisoners should be done. Legitimate objections cannot be raised against this practice. Likewise, and as justly, all the work required by the other different State Departments should be executed in the prisons (the State-use system). If such a system were operated methodically the result would be to create in the prisons the use of prison labour on a large scale, and the pecuniary yield arising therefrom could at the same time be regulated, the State making allowance for the financial means of each particular case." Punishments. Three floggings were carried out as part of the sentences of the Courts imposed on prisoners, 1 as part of the punishment imposed for an offence of robbery with violence and 2 as part of the penalty for sexual offences. In no case was corporal punishment administered for breaches of the Prisons Regulations, nor was it necessary to have recourse to any form of mechanical restraint m any of our institutions. Following the adoption of more humanitarian methods in treating prisoners the reduction in the number of infractions of penal discipline in recent years has been most marked. The great majority of prisoners adjust themselves to the restraint of prison conditions without much trouble, although in isolated cases a prisoner resents the necessary restrictions of the prison routine and persuades himself that the officials are hostile to him. These unfortunate individuals are their own worst enemies and require a great deal of tact, firmness, and understanding on the part of the staff m dealing with them. Society demands self-control, and these individuals have to learn that orderliness and discipline in prison are elements in the cultivation of habits in self-control.

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Escapes. Eleven prisoners and 4 Borstal detainees escaped during the year, and all were recaptured with the exception of one, whose body was latei found in the Waipa River. This number of escapes is not higher than the average. It is recognized that in a system of reformative detention, particularly at the camps, greater opportunities offer for escaping than if prisoners were held in closer confinement; but it is found that there is greater response to reclamative influences and a more definite building-up of self-respect under a system that allows for a measure of trust being reposed in the inmates. Health oe Prisoners. There has been an absence of any outbreak of sickness of an epidemic nature. The general health of the prisoners during the year has been particularly good, the daily average on the sick-list (20-07) being the lowest recorded for many years past. There were a considerable number of cases of prisoners suffering from venereal on admission. These are required to undergo a special course of treatment, and our legislation provides that, notwithstanding the term of sentence having expired, a person suffering from a communicable disease shall not be released until certified as non-infective. A large number of prisoners are received into prison in a debilitated condition of health, sometimes due to their mode of life, and sometimes, in the case of accidental criminals as distinct from professional criminals, due to anxiety about their offences. Almost invariably a noticeable improvement in physical health follows their incarceration, due largely to the regularized routine and the simple wholesome diet. In recent years more attention has been given to the provision of fresh vegetables in the prison dietarv, and latterly arrangements have been made to issue a quarter of a pint of milk daily to each prisoner in addition to the scale allowed hitherto with the tea ration. There were 2 deaths in Borstal, 1 from natural causes and 1 from drowning (an escapee) ; and 7 deaths occurred in prison, 6 from natural causes and 1 suicide whilst on remand at the Wellington Prison. Twenty inmates were transferred to mental hospitals under sections 34, 37, and 38 of the Mental Defectives "Act, 1911, either upon certification or for observation as to mental condition before being finally dealt with by the Courts. the following extract from the the report of the Medical Officer—a mental specialist—attached to the New Plymouth Prison is of interest: — "I cannot help remarking on the tremendous improvement in the general spirit of the prisoners, which I attribute entirely to the physical exercises they voluntarily take. It is from the mental rather than the physical aspect that I view the improvement." At the New Plymouth Prison homo-sexual offenders are segregated, and the majority of them are either emotionally unstable or suffering from some degree of mental abnormality. Sexual Offences. In recent years, probably due to the greater interest women's organizations are taking in social affairs and also to the publicity given to this class of offence, there has been a growing apprehension that crimes of a sexual nature, particularly offences against little children, are on the increase, and frequent representations have been made to the Department to the effect that the present methods of dealing with the offenders do not appear to be sufficiently deterrent or protective. Longer sentences are urged, and surgical treatment in addition to segregation is advocated. So that the extent of the problem may be better appreciated, the following table, showing the number of persons sentenced for sexual offences during the past ten years in the Supreme Court and in the Magistrates' Courts, is set out hereunder. Those dealt with summarily in the Magistrates' Courts are principally confined to young persons, the majority of whom are dealt with by committal to the caie of the Child Welfare Department.

Supreme Court—Persons sentenced for Sexual Offences.

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1934. 1933. j 1932. 1931. 1930. 1929. ; 1928. 1927. 1926. i 1925. I II' , —— ! Unnatural offence and attempts 55 3 5338689 Incest .. .... 10 5 8 .. 4 4 3 4 5 6 Rape .. .. 2 2 2 6 3 5 4 5 5 Attempted rape . . .. 3 2 . . 5 1 5 4 8 2 5 Unlawful carnal knowledge .. 30 18 36 20 18 23 17 22 27 34 Attempted unlawful carnal 8 8 1 1 4 1 4 4 7 1 knowledge Indecent assault .. .. 12 19 24 33 29 34 20 22 28 27 Indecent assault on a male .. 18 13 10 12 17 9 15 10 6 12 Supieme Court totals 88 70 84 78 82 82 76 80 88 99 Sexual offences summarily 5] 41 41 41 30 29 28 21 7 7 dealt with in Magistrates' Courts

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With regard to the cases dealt with in the Supreme Court, a rather striking increase in the number of cases of incest is to be observed. This class of offence is invariably difficult to detect, and there is no doubt that the assumed immunity from detection plays a part in the number of offences. It would seem that severe penalties do not entirely deter, for the Courts impose salutary sentences. Last year one such offender was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment, another to five years, and five to terms of three years for this class of offence. The number of offences of unlawful carnal knowledge in 1934 shows an increase over 1933, but was less than in 1932. Salutary punishments in appropriate cases are imposed for this offence, and the sentences last year ran up to seven years' imprisonment. The Crimes Act prescribes severe penalties for offences of this nature. For defiling children under twelve years of age life imprisonment may be imposed, and for attempting to defile children under twelve a maximum term of seven years is prescribed. Every one is liable to imprisonment for five years who unlawfully carnally knows, or who attempts to unlawfully carnally know, any girl of or over the age of twelve years and under the age of sixteen. Although the statute fixes the minimum age of consent at sixteen years, it is provided, in certain cases, that it shall be sufficient defence if it is established that an accused person had reasonable cause to believe that the girl was over the age of sixteen, although this does not apply to cases of children under twelve years. It is often the case that girls concerned in this class of offence are advanced in physical development, are sexually precocious, and have a knowledge of the world considerably ahead of their years. Where there is consent and where the evidence shows that the parties have more or less drifted into the commission of the offence, particularly in cases where the accused is of a facile type but has had no previous convictions which might indicate inherent turpitude, the practice of the Courts is not to impose the maximum penalty. The practice, both in New Zealand and abroad, is for the penalty to be shaded down according to the particular circumstances of each case. Where there is evidence of perversion or of violence salutary terms are meted out. The observations of the Right Honourable the Chief Justice, when passing sentence in a case a few years ago, are apropos. He stated, inter alia:— The papers before me disclose depths of depravity on the part of young girls of eleven and twelve which are as appalling as they are amazing. One might hope that such cases are as uncommon an they are appalling, but unfortunately those of us who have to do with the criminal law know the contrary . . . This case is the fourth within a short space of less than one month in which there has been evidence before the Court of depravity of the most serious kind on the part of young girls . . . Such girls as these are simply inviting the commission of crime of the description of which the prisoner has committed"" It would be a sorry condition for the moral standards of the community if the depiavity of young girls was generally held to be a justification for the commission of these crimes. The criminal law itself places a responsibility upon those of matuier age to protect and respect persons of tender years, but there is no doubt that when this class of case comes before the Court there are a number of mitigatory factors which must be taken cognizance of in fixing the quantum of punishment, and this no doubt accounts for the apparent discrepancies in a number of the sentences imposed. Indecent assaults on males showed the most pronounced increase last year, and was the largest number dealt with for over ten years. Substantial penalties do not appear to deter. Last year one offender was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment, four to three years, and one was declared an habitual criminal. There is no doubt that the abnormal proclivities of these offenders have a pathological basis. Some years ago voluntary operative measures were permitted in several cases, but it cannot be stated definitely that the results were beneficial. Medical authorities are of opinion that the operation is likely to occasion undesirable reactions as the result of a disturbance of the glandular system, and the consensus of opinion appea-rs to be that the operation of sterilization leaves the subject's anti-social tendencies unchanged. The number of sexual offenders sentenced to imprisonment during 1934 totalled 65, and, of these, 53 had not been previously convicted, 6 had one previous conviction, 1 had two previous convictions, and 5 had more than two- —one of these was given an indeterminate sentence by being declared an habitual criminal. Conclusion. I desire to place on record the Department's appreciation of the help given by the Prisoners' Aid Societies, Voluntary Probation Committees, the Borstal Association, and others who have assisted in after-care work. I desire also to acknowledge the Department s indebtedness to the large body of voluntary helpers who have assisted in the moral and educational training of the inmates of our institutions, especially to the clergymen of the various religious denominations and officers of the Salvation Army who regularly, and often at no small personal inconvenience, have ministered to the spiritual well-being of the prisoners. Thanks are also extended to the Workers' Educational Association, members of the Howard League, and others who have given their time in providing lectures and cultural entertainments. The regular visits of the Visiting Justices and Official Visitors have contributed materially in maintaining contentment and discipline. It is gratifying to observe from reports received that these

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gentlemen maintain a live interest in the proper care and welfare of the prisoners, and make frequent inspections of all equipment, clothing, and rationing arrangements. The Wellington Justices' Association have continued their sympathetic interest in the inmates of the institutions in the Wellington District, and whenever requested have given monetary assistance in necessitous cases. The report of the Chief Inspector of Prisons (Mr. D. A. Mackintosh) is attached hereto, and shows that the equipment is maintained in a satisfactory condition, that the conduct, industry, and discipline have been good, and that the number of complaints from prisoners has been comparatively few. I have also to express appreciation of the loyal co-operation of the staff both at Head Office and at the institutions. B. L. Dallard, Controller-General of Prisons.

The Chief Inspector of Prisons and Borstals to the Controller-General. Sir, — I have the honour to submit my report lor the year ended 31st March, 1935, regarding the inspection of the prisons and Borstal institutions under the Department's control. At intervals throughout the year the principal institutions were visited and, as necessity arose, the smaller prisons and Police gaols were inspected. Inmates were given the usual facilities, during each inspection, to interview me and discuss any matter affecting their conditions and general welfare. Complaints were comparatively few in number, and none at all could be regarded as of a serious nature. It is noticeable that requests in connection with food, tobacco, or for improvements in conditions generally invariably come from a few recidivists, the majority of whom make little or no effort to earn an honest living whilst out of prison. This type of prisoner devotes his spare time to the preparation of schemes for the purpose of undermining discipline and causing general dissatisfaction. It is necessary, therefore, that he should be kept apart as far as possible from the more hopeful class both at work and in the exercise yards. A tribute to the conditions prevailing in the prison institutions and the administration generally is the fact that this class of agitator is almost wholly ignored by the rest of the prisoners. The standard of industry among the inmates has been well maintained during the past year, and the men, particularly those employed on farm and garden work, take a keen interest in the work upon which they are engaged. In view of the greatly diminished prison population it is necessary that the available labour should be handled in a careful and systematic manner by the controlling officers. Working parties are under the charge of officers experienced in the particular work in hand, and every effort is being made to give each individual inmate the training and experience most likely to fit him to rehabilitate himself on his release. At the Borstal institutions the progress made during the past year has been satisfactory. Commendable efforts are being made by the sports masters, with the co-operation of other members of the staff and outside assistance, to stimulate an interest in outdoor sports, and the results, as shown by the reports of the Superintendents, are very encouraging. The competitions between the " houses " under the leadership of the housemasters continue to create a healthy rivalry, and as a consequence a much keener interest is being taken by the lads in their work in the gymnasium. The classes in commercial art and wool-classing conducted at the Invercargill institution have given the inmates opportunities which they greatly appreciate. Some of the work done by the inmates in the art class during the past year was exhibited at the Southland Winter Show and was very favourably commented upon in reports as well as by many visitors to the show. The classes conducted by the tradesmen officers give the lads an opportunity to pick up a practical knowledge of a trade which should be useful to them after release. The members of the staff co-operate with the various social service agencies at Invercargill in furthering the interests of the inmates by arranging frequent lectures, concerts, and other entertainments. The various classes, lectures, debates, and entertainments keep the inmates occupied in the evenings and help to promote a desirable " community " atmosphere which gives the staff many opportunities to observe and study those under their charge. The members of the Borstal Society make suitable arrangements for the after-care of inmates, and they co-operate with the Superintendent and Probation Officers in finding suitable employment for probationers. The Ladies' Visiting Committee visit inmates whilst in hospital and interest themselves in individual inmates who are not visited by friends or relatives. D. A. Mackintosh, Chief Inspector of Prisons.

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PRISONS AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS: EPITOME OP REPORTS OF CONTROLLING OFFICERS. Auckland Prison. (Superintendent, Mr. J. Dickison.) At the commencement of the year there were 329 males and 16 females in custody. During the year 1,054 males and 53 females were received, whilst 1,095 males and 49 females were discharged or otherwise disposed of, leaving in the prison on the night of 31st December, 1934, 288 males and 20 females. Mention was made in my last year ; s report of a decrease of 402 receptions in 1933 as compared with 1932. In the year under review there has been a further falling off in this respect, the receptions being 152 less than in the previous year, a total of 554 in the past two years. This, I think, is significant of the continued value of the avenues of employment offering under the Unemployment Relief Scheme, for many men, who in the past whilst out of work and at a loose end indulged in minor offences, are now in constant work in the various camps. There is also not the slightest doubt that the splendid co-ordination between the various after-care societies during recent years has contributed in a large measure to the ex-prisoner having a greatly increased chance of making good. In many instances work has been provided immediately upon release, and the men concerned have accepted the opportunity of rehabilitating themselves by remaining clear of former criminal associations which invariably lead to early return to prison. One prisoner who escaped from a party working in the open was recaptured by the police within a few days and returned to prison. The extreme penalty of the law was carried out in one instance only during the twelve months under review. Three inmates died whilst undergoing treatment at the district hospital, whilst one died in the prison infirmary. The previous splendid standard of health has been well maintained during the year, a fact which is confirmed by the figures from the daily sick muster, which read: Daily average of males sick, 5; females, 0-734. With a daily average of 350 prisoners in custody, and the reception of 1,107 individuals during the twelve months, the low rate of sickness clearly demonstrates the attention which is given to the all-important matter of the prisoners' health during confinement. Quite a number of individuals are in a frail state of health on admission, and in many instances require extended medical treatment to restore them to a proper state of fitness. Allowing further for the number of minor injuries sustained on the works, the low daily average on the sick muster leaves no doubt that the general health of the inmates has been excellent. May I again express my appreciation of the .co-operation of the Medical Superintendent of the Auckland Mental Hospital in the matter of expeditiously dealing with mental defectives. The school, with an average roll number of 20, is held on three nights weekly and continues to be directed by L. Grice, M.A. The annual examination results, as already submitted to you, were again very pleasing and showed the marked progress made by the majority of the prisoners in attendance as the result of the tuition afforded them. The Schoolmaster commented upon the fact that the men concerned had showed very commendable interest and application in the endeavour to improve a somewhat limited knowledge, the rate of progress varying widely when considering the pupils individually. Evening drill has been continued three nights weekly under the instruction of a prison officer, the prisoners participating in the exercise benefiting considerably therefrom r>articularly as they are employed indoors daily. ' ' The whole of the requisite maintenance of the prison buildings has been effected during the year with prison labour, a good deal of the work being executed around the prison whilst the upkeep of the prison officers' cottages has received adequate attention. The garden continues to be a valuable asset, the whole of the institutional requirements of vegetables, with the exception of potatoes, being supplied from our own garden area Under the control of Principal Warder Lauder, the bootmaking factory has continued to furnish very satisfactory returns, and the orders placed by other Departments, as well as our own departmental requirements, have been ably and expeditiously handled throughout the year. Repairs to satchels on behalf of the Post and Telegraph Department continue to be executed in the bootshop, and in recent months orders for the manufacture of quite a number of new issues have been dealt with. Warder Instructor Kinghorn remains in charge of the tailoring shop, the output from which has been well maintained, and, in addition to our own requirements, those of other Departments have been readily met, and the returns have been well up to the standard of previous years. Repairs to mail and parcel bags have been carried out for the Post and Telegraph Department and the work has been handled in an expeditious manner. With the exception of blankets, the whole of the prison laundering and the repairs to socks continues to be executed by female labour, and the small cost to the Department is a pleasing reflection upon the administration of this division. Soft laundering has also been performed as required for the Police, Public Trust, Internal Affairs, and Defence Departments during the year.

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Trade conditions in the quarrying industry have considerably improved during the period under review, and it is pleasing to report that the revenue derived from sales showed an increase of close on £1,000. There has been a distinct improvement in the orders received from the various local bodies, and, at the moment, we have one unfulfilled order for 10,000 yards, a proportion of which has been crushed and stacked in readiness for supply at an early moment. The quarry-faces are all in good order, and although recently the available labour has been somewhat reduced by the falling muster we have been able to maintain an output sufficient to meet all demands, and, with the orders in hand, should have no difficulty in maintaining the present volume of business during the remainder of the current financial year. With the exception of minor replacements, the maintenance of the plant has called for little expenditure, and the whole is in efficient working order. Under the arrangement by which the whole of our meat-supplies continue to be drawn from the Waikeria Borstal Institution we have been assured of sufficient tallow to continue the soap-making industry, with a marked advantage to the Department. During the twelve months the output amounted to 7,225 bars, equal to 15,969 lb., and this supply proved adequate to meet all the requirements of this large institution, as well as the needs of some of the other prisons. The total quantity of polish manufactured during the year was 1,7601b., sufficient not only to meet the whole of our own institutional requirements, but also those of the Waikeria Borstal Institution and some of the other prisons. The low cost of production warrants a continuance of operations. The tobacco-factory at this prison, which operates under the capable supervision of Mr. C. Lowe, Tobacco Instructor to the Department of Agriculture, continues to be an extremely valuable asset to the Department, as is evidenced by the fact that the output during the year was one of 80,634 1-oz. packets, sufficient to meet the whole of the requirements of all institutions throughout the Dominion at a cost which showed a very satisfactory margin of profit. In addition to the above specified output, a further 2,520 packets were prepared for issue by the Department as Christmas cheer to the prisoners, a special wrapper indicating the nature of the gift. In this connection I would express appreciation of the gift by Mr. Lowe of sufficient leaf to manufacture a goodly proportion of this special issue. A party of twenty prisoners, under the supervision of two officers, has been working continuously at Rangitoto Island since November, 1925. Improvements by way of roading, bridge-building, and the forming of footpaths were carried out during the year. Two dressing-sheds were erected, also a wall to retain water for a swimming-pool. Various improvements were made, at the waterfront, and the levelling of. the sports area was completed. Concerts have been held periodically at the prison, the excellent programmes presented being keenly enjoyed by the inmates. Thanks are due to the Anglican Gaol Chaplain (the Rev. G. E. Moreton) and to Mr. S. Falls, Official Presbyterian Visitor, who, in conjunction with other social workers, maintain a. sympathetic interest in the welfare of the inmates. The Salvation Army has also contributed entertainments of merit, and the various theatrical interests have at all convenient times shown readiness to assist at the concerts arranged. Lectures under the auspices of the Workers' Educational Association have continued to bq given monthly, and have proved both instructive and enjoyable. Mr. N. M. Richmond, Director of the Workers' Educational Association, has been mainly responsible for the arrangement of this form of entertainment, and his efforts are deserving of appreciation. During the year the Rev. CI. E. Moreton arranged for an evening first-aid class to be conducted at the prison under the auspices of the St. John Ambulance Association, and it is pleasing to record that all the twelve candidates were successful in obtaining a pass at a recent examination conducted by Dr. A. L. de Berri Noakes. Lectures were given by Dr. Neil McDougall, whilst instruction in the practical work was given by Ambulance Officer J. W. Cumming. These gentlemen gave their services freely in the interests of the inmates attending the class, and deserve great credit for the excellent results obtained. _ In a large institution of this class the library obviously plays an important part in providing for the leisure-hours of the inmates, and periodical gifts of books from the Grafton Public Library and several social organizations have been much appreciated. The several social organizations and business firms which in past years have provided additional comforts for the inmates during the festive season again contributed freely, with the result that each individual prisoner received an adequate supply of " extras " during Christmas and New Year. Such practical sympathy was deeply appreciated by the inmates, and those responsible for the gifts may be assured that their efforts were well worth while. Throughout the year the various denominations arranged for services each Sunday, and sincere thanks are due to the interested parties who spare no effort to make these services enjoyable as well as beneficial to the inmates in attendance. The Rev. G. E. Moreton, secretary to the Prisoners' Aid Society, has again been most assiduous in attending to the needs of prisoners. Mr. Moreton spares no effort in giving sympathetic consideration to the many and varied calls which are made upon his services throughout the year. It might also be mentioned that the Salvation Army has at all times shown readiness to assist the prisoners, and has done much good work in this direction. Other social workers have, of course, contributed their share of assistance, and their efforts are likewise to be commended.

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The conduct of the staff has been excellent, and consequently a high standard of discipline has been maintained throughout the year, enabling the various industrial activities, as well as the general prison routine-work, to be executed as smoothly and economically as possible. The call made by the Department for the continuance of the practice of economy in every possible direction met with a ready response, and the officers directly in control of the several prison industries are to be again commended for their co-operation. The clerical work of the institution has been dealt with efficiently by the office staff. Gisborne Prison. (Gaoler, Mr. H. N. Richardson.) There was in custody at the beginning of the year 1 male. During the year 92 males and 5 females were received, and during the same period there were discharged or otherwise disposed of 90 males and 5 females, leaving in custody at the end of the year 3 males. At the present time certain repairs to the Warder's cottage are being carried out, and an Ideal boiler has been installed in the prison kitchen and is giving every satisfaction. One prisoner had to be transferred to Cook Hospital during the year, otherwise the health of the prisoners has been good, very few cases requiring the attention of the Medical Officer. The usual gardening work has been carried on, and vegetables for prison rations have been supplied throughout the year. Female prisoners have been employed at repairing clothing and socks, also laundry work. I wish to thank the local gentlemen who have helped me to place discharged men in employment. Greymouth Prison. (Gaoler, Mr. H. Robinson.) At the commencement of the year there were 4 males in custody. During the year 48 males were received and 48 males were discharged or transferred, leaving 4 males in custody at the end of the year, the daily average being 2-031. The health of the prisoners has been good, there being no case of sickness during the year. The prisoners were employed during the year at gardening, laundry work, repairing prison clothing, and general cleaning work about the prison. The prison garden has supplied vegetables for prison rations throughout the year. The conduct of the prisoners has been very good. Hautu Prison. (Officer in Charge, Mr. T. Banks.) On the Ist January, 1934, there were in detention 92 prisoners, and 40 were received during the year. The discharges were 5 on special remission, 40 on probationary license, while 14 were transferred to other prisons, thus leaving in custody on the night of the 31st December, 1934, 73 prisoners. The greatest number in custody at any one time was 92, the least 73, the daily average being 82-5. The conduct of the prisoners was satisfactory during the year. Two prisoners escaped from one of the working parties on the 16th February, 1934. They were recaptured after two days' liberty. The health of the prisoners has been very good. There were no admissions to hospital on account of,illness or accident. The Medical Officer, Dr. W. J. Feltham, made frequent visits to the prison and gave every attention to those requiring medical treatment. Full advantage was taken by the prisoners of the usual facilities provided for dental attention. The spiritual welfare of the men was well cared for by visiting chaplains from Taupo and Tokaanu. Farming operations were carried on as in past years. During the year approximately 464 acres of land was cleared of manuka and tutu; 50 acres of virgin swamp was drained and sown down in swede turnips; 1,000 acres of land was cleared of lump pumice. The following crops were harvested during the year: 40 tons of oats, 450 tons of swede turnips, 150 tons of hay, 28 tons of potatoes. The wool clip for the season was twenty-nine bales of wool, weighing 10,633 lb., from 1,564 sheep. In conclusion, I desire to thank the staff for their loyal co-operation during the year. Napier Prison. (Gaoler, Mr. T. Stocker.) At the beginning of the year there were 11 male prisoners in custody. During the year 170 males and 11 females were received, while 167 males and 10 females were discharged or transferred, leaving 14 males and 1 female in custody at the end of the year. The daily average number in custody was 14, which was 2 lower than in the previous year and 6 lower than in the year 1932. This may again be attributed to the fact that the single men's camps are absorbing the majority of those who formerly made periodical visits to the prison for drunkenness and similar offences. The camps also absorb a number of prisoners on discharge and thus lessen the risk of their return to prison by remaining in the towns.

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The conduct and industry of the prisoners has been excellent, a noticeable feature for some years past being the absence of offences by prisoners against officers. As in former years, the quarry has absorbed the majority of prison labour and is our main source of revenue. The sales of quarry material, however, show a considerable decline, there being very little demand since the restoration of the town was completed. We have a large quantity of heavy stone on hand which it is anticipated will be disposed of shortly in the building of the harbour-works. Our vegetable garden has provided us with a liberal supply of vegetables throughout the year, our onion crop being very successful. Sufficient potatoes were grown to supply our requirements for six months, in addition to supplying Gisborne Prison for several months. Owing to the present dry season our potato and onion crops will be much lighter than last year. The health of the prisoners has been good, and there were no admissions to hospital during the year. Divine services were conducted by ministers of the various denominations weekly throughout the year, and the Salvation Army band under Adjutant Goffin visited monthly. The Napier Brotherhood, under the Rev. E. T. Olds, visited fortnightly and conducted community sings for an hour in the evenings. Members of the Gospel Hall Choir, consisting of about thirty voices, sang to us on the Sunday before Christmas, and their visit was very much appreciated. The thanks of the Department were tendered to Mr. Husheer, of the National Tobacco Co., for his gift of tobacco to the prisoners, also to members of the Gospel Hall and to Mr. J. P. Thomson for their gifts of extra eatables. I provided wireless broadcasts of items of interest at intervals throughout the year. In conclusion, I desire to express my appreciation of the co-operation of the staff of the prison throughout the year. New Plymouth Prison. (Superintendent, Mr. W. Dineen.) There were 64 male prisoners in custody at the beginning of the year, 117 were admitted, 73 were discharged, and 46 were handed to the Police or transferred to other prisons, leaving 62 in custody on the 31st December, 1934. The Medical Officer has visited regularly once a week and prescribed and attended to any prisoner who may have required his care. There was no serious illness, except that one man was sent to Public Hospital for surgical treatment of an old-standing complaint. The general conduct of the prisoners has been good. Six prisoners were ordered to undergo solitary confinement, two of these being charged with attempted escape. As in previous years, an endeavour has been made to counteract the mental depression that is apt to prevail among men, such as those serving long terms of imprisonment for sexual offences, at this prison. With this end in view, and with the assistance of the Rotary Club and other kindred clubs and citizens of New Plymouth, many lectures and entertainments have been provided at the prison. The prisoners are encouraged to take an active part in these entertainments and lectures, and one feels that- the effort that the men make in preparing and getting ready for these has a beneficial effect on their mentality. The spiritual welfare of the prisoners has been well looked after by the ministers of the several denominations. Divine service is held every Sunday. Mrs. Eason has continued her weekly visits; she and her associates have also provided their annual special Christmas tea to the prisoners. This is an event eagerly looked forward to by prisoners who, owing to the length of their sentences, have had previous experience of the tea, which is the subject of general conversation for many weeks before and after the event. Mr. Oscar Johnston, a retired headmaster, has continued to conduct his weekly educational class for those men who are desirous of improving their education up to the sixth standard. This is a work of great benefit to the men, and Mr. Johnston is entitled to the Department's best thanks for his untiring and unselfish effort to improve the minds of the prisoners. The cottages occupied by members of the prison staff have had a complete outside overhaul and have been reconditioned and repainted. The roof of the prison has also been reconditioned and painted. The whole of the work has been carried out by prison labour. A commencement has been made with alterations to the bathing-accommodation, and when completed these additions will provide bathing-facilities that will permit of each prisoner having at least two hot baths a week and a cold shower daily, if deemed advisable by the Medical Officer. Work in the quarry has been continued, as in previous years, with good results The whole of the output has been sold to the New Plymouth Borough Council. The party of prisoners working in the garden has produced sufficient vegetables to allow of a generous daily ration to each prisoner and also enough to permit a surplus of a lorry load being sent weekly to auction for sale. The practice of purchasing stock on the hoof for slaughtering to provide the prison meat-ration has been continued and has, as in preceding years, resulted in a considerable saving m the cost of rations and also an improvement in the quality and quantity of the meat supplied to the prisoners. This system has also the advantage of providing certain prisoners with the opportunity of being able to acquire a good working-knowledge of the slaughtering trade. & &

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Paparua Prison. (Superintendent, Mr. W. T. Leggett.) There were in custody at the commencement of the year 154 males. During the year 580 males were received, this number representing 513 individual prisoners and being a decrease in receptions of 21 compared with the previous year. The discharges during the year numbered 600 males, leaving 134 males in custody at the end of the year. The daily average number of prisoners was 13442, against 15194 during the previous year. The greatest number of prisoners in custody at any one time was 189 males, and the least number 120 males. The health of the prisoners generally has been good, and no deaths were recorded during the year. Only one case of venereal disease was received into custody during the year. There were eleven cases of illness requiring treatment in the Public Hospital. Two of these required operative treatment for appendicitis, the others requiring other minor treatment. There were five individuals transferred to Sunnyside Mental Hospital during the year suffering from mental disorders. The conduct of the prisoners generally has been good for the year, twenty-six individuals requiring disciplinary punishment by the Visiting Justices. There was one attempted escape by a prisoner who ran away from his party, but he was promptly recaptured and has since then done quite well. The industries of the institution have been fully maintained, and all prisoners have been fully occupied at work of a useful and instructive nature. In connection with the farming operations, there has been an additional 83 acres of agricultural Crown land added to the prison property, and this will prove helpful for rotation cropping. The Farm Manager (Mr. H. J. S. Wilson) reports having had a good spring season with good growth in crops, pastures, and lucerne for hay, but this has been very much nullified by an exceptionally droughty summer, which will cause lower yields in cereals and root crops for this season. The crops harvested during the year after a dry season included wheat, 46 bushels per acre; peas, 16 bushels per acre; and Western Wolths grass-seed, 27 bushels per acre. The root crops produced 50 tons per acre in mangels, tons of table potatoes, and 40 tons of swedes. These, with about 30 tons of lucerne hay, provided ample winter fodder for the live-stock. In cultivation, an additional 40 acres has been sown down in lucerne during the year. The Corriedale sheep flock of 1,000 ewes produced an average of 12 lb. of wool per fleece, as against 10-6 lb. in the previous year. The 1,000 ewes also produced 1,205 lambs, representing a lambing of 120 per cent., and this was very satisfactory. A feature of our sheep section has been the production of early lambs, which early in the season realized up to £2 4s. Id. per head, and topped the Addington market on several occasions. The pig section is still at a low ebb on account of market conditions, and the young stock produced have been sold as porkers, stores, and weaners. In connection with the farm, new steading buildings have been erected, also a new tank-stand for garden and steading purposes. The employment of the prisoners has been chiefly at farming pursuits, gardening, manufacture of concrete fencing-posts and paving-slabs, also the production of sand, gravel, and road-forming material for highways and local-body requirements. The spiritual and social welfare of the prisoners has again been well attended to by clergymen of the various religious denominations by regular Sunday services and individual visits. A monthly Mission service has been continued during the year by Mr. and Mrs. D. T. Smith. Mrs. J. C. Holmes and party have again provided regular monthly concerts, which have been fully appreciated by the men. During the winter months the Workers' Educational Association has provided Saturday evening lectures of an interesting and instructive nature. The institutional school of the full primary course has been continued with satisfactory results under the direction of Mr. R. G. Hampton, M.A. In conclusion, I desire to mention that the officers who instruct and supervise have shown themselves resourceful and have given excellent results in the farming and industrial sections, and the staff generally have performed their duties very satisfactorily. Rangipo Prison. (Officer in Charge, Mr. A. Banks.) At the beginning of the year there were 44 males in custody. During the year 31 were received, 13 transferred to other institutions, and 25 discharged, leaving a total of 37 in custody on 31st December, 1934. One man escaped from custody, but was recaptured and returned to the prison. The health of the prisoners has been good, there being no admissions to public hospital. The spiritual welfare of the prisoners was attended to by Rev. G. A. G. Griffin, Rev. Father Langerwerf, Rev. J. Laughton, and Mr. Moffatt. The following is a summary of work carried out during the year: 164 acres of virgin country stumped of manuka and tutu, cleared of fern, ready for ploughing; 364 acres ploughed and harrowed; 222 acres sown in permanent pasture; 224 acres of temporary pasture converted to permanent pasture; 50 acres of turnips, 20 acres of oats, and 3 acres of potatoes sown; 2,166 acres top-dressed; and 219 chains of fencing erected. A good supply of hay was harvested for winter feed. The vegetable garden has been a success, maintaining the prison with ample vegetables during the year. The officers performed their duties in a most satisfactory manner.

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Waikune Prison (Roadmaking Camp), Erua. (Officer in Charge, Mr. P. McGrath.) On the Ist January, 1934, there were in detention 94 prisoners, and 61 were received during the year. The discharges were—ll on camp remission, 44 on probationary license, while 12 were transferred to other prisons, and 1 escaped, thus leaving 87 in custody on the 31st December, 1934. The greatest number of prisoners in custody at any one time was 106, the least 85. The daily average was 91 -66. The health of the prisoners was very good during the year. One prisoner was admitted to Waimarino Public Hospital to receive treatment for a minor accident received whilst at labour. Shortly after his admission to the hospital it was found that he was suffering from acute appendicitis, in addition to his injury. A successful operation was performed, and after a period of convalescence in hospital the prisoner was returned to camp fully recovered from his illness and accident. The Medical Officer (Dr. W. J. Feltham) made frequent visits to the institution and gave every attention to prisoners requiring treatment. Full advantage was taken by the prisoners of the usual facilities provided for dental treatment. The spiritual welfare of the men was well eared for by visiting chaplains from Ohakune and Taumarunui. Our special thanks are due to the Christchurch branch of the Howard League for Penal Reform for a quantity of cake forwarded to us for issue to the prisoners at Christmas time, also to Mr. C. Lowe, of Auckland, and Mr. W. P. Sommerville, of Wellington, for the tobacco and cigarettes which we received. The Christmas allowance of tobacco granted by the Department was handed out to the men on Christmas Eve. On Boxing Day a sports programme arranged by the men was carried out, and in the evening a concert was held. There has been no alteration in our industrial activities. Roadworks constitute our main industry, but, owing to the present financial stringency, road construction on a major scale has not been resumed and our activities are mainly in connection with road-maintenance and effecting minor improvements to the roads under our control. Further road-mileage was handed over to us during the year. We are now responsible for the maintenance of seventyseven miles of road in this district. Work involving capital expenditure was carried on at Otukou Deviation. During the year approximately five miles of road was formed and pumiced, and many culverts put in. Road-formation was carried on at Scoria Flat until the middle of August last, when the need for labour on our other roadworks brought about the closing-down of the camp above the Chateau Tongariro and the removal of the prisoners from Scoria Flat Road to other workings. During the period prison labour was engaged on construction of the road leading to Scoria Flat, approximately one mile of road was formed and one mile and a half of road was metalled. General transport work for the Tourist Department, Hautu and Rangipo Prisons, and our own roadwork and institutional cartages kept the fleet of seven motor-trucks and two motor-driven graders fully occupied during the year. _ In conclusion, I desire to tender my thanks to the staff for their loyal co-operation during the year. Wanganui Prison. (Gaoler, Mr. E. Ching.) At the commencement of the year there were 24 males and 1 female in custody. During the year there were received into the prison 118 males and 12 females, and at the end of the year there remained in detention 21 males and no females. The general health of the prisoners has been very good, there being no cases of serious illness throughout the year. The majority of the prisoners are old and infirm, and they are accordingly unable to perform heavy work. These men are capable of doing light gardening and keeping the grounds in order, while those who are physically stronger attend to the heavier work in the prison garden. Sufficient vegetables to meet the prison's requirements have been grown during the year, but, in view of the very hot summer and the sandy nature of the soil, the vegetable crop has not been so large as was expected. The food supplied throughout the year lias been of good quality, and no complaints have been made by the men. The bread ration is obtained from the New Plymouth Prison and, on the whole, is quite satisfactory. Thanks are due to the Presbyterian Church for supplies of ice-cream on Christmas Day, the Church of Christ for providing a nice tea on the same day, and the St. Vincent de Paul Society for a gift of tobacco to every prisoner, which was greatly appreciated. We have also to thank the Cosmopolitan Club for gifts of library books. I have to thank the members of the staff for their loyal co-operation throughout the year.

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Wellington Prison. (Superintendent, Mr. J. Down.) There were in custody at the commencement of the year 129 males. During the year 931 males were received and 956 were discharged, leaving in custody on the 31st December, 104. The discharges were as follows: On expiration of sentence —hard labour or simple imprisonment, 527; special remission—hard labour 17, reformative detention 2; died 1; committed suicide 1; released on recommendation of the Prisons or Parole Board —hard labour 18, reformative detention 10; debtors 47; transferred to mental hospital 3; acquitted after remand 3; transferred to another prison or to the police and on probation 324; released on bail 3: Total, 956. The greatest number in confinement at any one time during the year was 145, and the least 99. The daily average number in prison during the year was 123 03. The number of cases of sickness greatest at any one time was 18, and the number of admissions to the Public Hospital during the year was 5. This year the population of the prison has considerably decreased. This, no doubt, is due to the sustenance paid by the Unemployment Board and possibly also to the fact that men are finding life in the relief camps more congenial than a life of crime. The conduct of the prisoners, on the whole, has been very good, and much energy has been expended in carrying on the works in the different fields of industry. Work has been carried out at the Massey Memorial, where the grounds have been kept in order. The access road has had many improvements made to it by widening and straightening it. A considerable amount of spoil has been removed in the process. Throughout the year the various denominations held their services. Our thanks are due to the ministers and lay-men, the Salvation Army Officers, and the Roman Catholic Clergy for their ministrations. Concerts have been given by the Presbyterian Women's Social Service, the Salvation Army, the Justices' Association, and Mrs. Chatfield, J.P. These were thoroughly appreciated by the inmates. Each of these different organizations also gave Christmas cheer. The following also gave Christmas contributions: Mrs. Chatfield, J.P., Mr. W. P. Somerville, Mr. Norman Aitken, and Mr. Lowe. The pig-breeding industry continued to carry on successfully during the year. On account of the early and dry summer the prospects of the crops are not veiy encouraging, though we have a fair supply of hay cut and stacked, also a pit; o£ ensilage. The printing and bookbinding industry has been continued with very satisfactory results, and a large amount of printing and bookbinding has been turned out. The breadmaking at this prison carried on by learners under local conditions is very satisfactory. Other industries are as follow: Floor-polish, staples, tin containers for floorpolish, lead-head nails, making locking-rods for new filing-system, &c., sandsoap, manufacture of soap for sandsoap and a good class of common soap for laundry purposes and a special long-keeping soap of special quality. The conduct of the staff has been excellent, and the prison routine work has been carried on as smoothly as possible. The clerical work has also been carried out in a satisfactory manner. Wi Tako Prison, Heretaunga. (Superintendent, Mr. T. E. Lowe.) At the commencement of the year the muster at this institution was 74, made up of 52 hard-labour and 22 reformative-detention prisoners. Admissions during the year were 121, whilst discharges totalled 139. The muster at the end of the year was 56, comprised of 45 hard-labour and 11 reformativedetention prisoners. The general health of the inmates has been good, two cases being sent to Public Hospital with minor complaints. The conduct and industry of the prisoners have been satisfactory. The following work was carried out during the year:— Eighty-nine chains of new fences were erected and all existing fences maintained in good repair. The posts and battens required were obtained from the farm. Six chains of new drains were dug and all old drains cleared. One flood-gate and two new bridges were erected. The rifle ranges were cleared and maintained in good order for the National Rifle Meeting. No. 2 cell-house was re-roofed in iron. The year's farming operations, mainly owing to the dry season and low prices, were not so successful as usual. Sales Qf bricks from existing stocks were £574. Divine services were conducted throughout the year by Rev. Mr. Hunt, Rev. Mr. Kendrick, Father Kelly, and officers of the Salvation Army. Ī have to thank the Rev. Mr. Harding, Salvation Army, Upper Hutt Male Voice Choir, and the Justices' Association for providing entertainments, and the Justices' Association, Salvation Army, Post and Telegraph Ball Committee, and Mr. W. P. Somerville for providing Christmas cheer. It is with regret that I have to report the death, during the year, of Mr. D. Blaiii, who had been Superintendent at this institution for the past eight years. In conclusion, I would like to thank members of the staff for their loyal co-operation.

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Addington Reformatory Prison (Women). (Acting-Superintendent, Miss M. Hewitt.) At the beginning of the year there were 21 females in custody. There were 82 admissions during the year and 86 were discharged from custody, leaving 17 females in custody at the end of the year. The greatest number in custody at any one time was 26 and the least 15, the daily average for the year being 19-8. The health of the inmates generally has been excellent, there being only one admission to the Public Hospital during the year, and this was a case of an inmate on remand suffering from acute alcoholism. One case of mental disorder was transferred to the mental hospital during the year. The conduct of the prisoners has been good throughout the year. The main industry of the institution consists in the laundry, which provides very suitable employment for the class of inmate in custody here. All the Government Departments in Christchurch have their laundry work performed here, and the inmates take a keen interest in the work. Apart from the laundry, the institutional garden and poultry industry provides suitable labour for a certain type of individual, and this year a commencement has been made with the growing of nursery trees. The spiritual and social welfare of trie inmates has been well looked after by the ministers of the various religious organizations, Salvation Army, and Sisters of Charity, who have also provided suitable after-care in numbers of cases. Concert parties organized by Miss Nicholls and Mrs. Ansley regularly during the year have been appreciated by the inmates, and at Christmas time the Salvation Army and other interested persons provided Christmas cheer. Invercargill Borstal Institution. (Acting-Superintendent, Mr. R. W. Arnold.) At the beginning of the year there were 159 inmates in custody. During the year 63 inmates were received into the institution and 126 inmates were discharged or otherwise disposed of, leaving 96 males in custody at the 31st December, 1934. 115 inmates were released on the recommendation of the Parole Board and 7 released on the expiration, of terms of detention under section 16, subsection (1), of the Prevention of Crime (Borstal Institutions Establishment) Act, 1924. The daily average number of inmates in custody was 123 -26. The standard of conduct and industry of the inmates, on the whole, has been satisfactory. During the year one inmate escaped from a party while working at Otatara, and was apprehended after being at liberty for two hours. He was brought before the Court and received a further term of detention. Apart from a slight epidemic of influenza, which lasted for two weeks, the general health of the inmates has been of a very satisfactory standard. Ten inmates were admitted to the Southland Hospital for operations and treatment, one of whom died a week after admission. The Medical Officer, Dr. J. Garfield Crawford, visits the institution regularly and is most painstaking and sympathetic in the treatment of the boys under his care. It is surprising the number of boys requiring dental attention on admission to the institution, and this work is capably carried out by our visiting dentist, Mr. James G. Wade. A special feature of the social side of the year's work was a concert given by the inmates on the 3rd September last at the Civic Theatre in aid of the local unemployed relief funds. The programme, which was designed to last for two hours, continued until 10.45 p.m. owing to the incessant demands made by the large audience. During the interval His Worship the Mayor, Mr. J. Miller, congratulated the organizer and performers on the excellence of, the show, and on behalf of Mr. A. Wachner presented a parcel of cigarettes to lie distributed among the boys. As an additional attraction and a source of advertising the concert, Messrs. H. and J. Smith, Ltd., kindly arranged a very attractive window display from models, posters, Maori carvings and mats supplied by the institution which had, at various times, been made by the boys attending trade classes. The effort resulted in the raising of the satisfactory sum of £74 os. 4d. net. The success of the concert was undoubtedly due, in no small measure, to the work put in by the officer responsible for its production and other members of the staff who ably assisted. Weekly evening trade classes are held by competent officers m carpentering, blacksmithing, butchering, painting, signwriting, art, and music (vocal and instrumental). A special room has been renovated and is now being used as a display room, where examples of class work are being exhibited. This year the Agricultural Class is under the supervision of a member of the staff, and practical demonstrations are given in the experimental plots each Saturday morning. The Wool Class, held on Saturday mornings by Mr. T. Mathews, Agricultural Instructor to the Southland Education Board, continues to attract a good deal of interest, as is evidenced in the following report supplied by Mr. Mathews " Both the practical and theoretical instruction were carried on throughout the year, more time, however, being devoted to the practical phase, the result being that a fairly high standard was reached by the students in the wool-shed work. The examination conducted at the end of the year revealed that the students' theoretical knowledge has not reached the same standard as in the case of the practical work, hence more attention will have to be paid to this phase of the course next year.

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" The past year's class was a particularly good one and, considering the limited time devoted to the work, I am quite satisfied with the progress made. Once again we have to thank the trustees of the MacKinnon Trust for their continued interest and practical help in donating a sum of money to provide prizes for both classes in the form of text-books dealing with wool-classing and agricultural subjects." Under the auspices of the local branch of the Workers' Educational Association a special class during the winter months has been conducted in economics by Mr. J. Stobo, M.A., First Assistant at the Southland Technical College. His report reads as follows: — " Twelve meetings of the class were held and the programme for the session was similar to that of the previous year.. Each meeting was opened with a talk by the tutor dealing with current topics. The remainder of the evening was taken up by class-members according to a syllabus drawn up at the beginning of the session. The class was visited, one evening by members of the Invercargill Workers' Educational Association Play Reading Class, who read two plays, which were much appreciated. " Looking back I feel that the 1934 session was a most successful one. The class showed exemplary keenness, and when it came to portioning the work there were no shirkers; in fact, the general tone of the class this year was excellent." The winter class held by Mr. A. J. Deaker, M.A., in conjunction with members of the local branch of the League of Nations Union again attained excellent results. The lecturer's report states: — " I have to report that the League of Nations Union is very satisfied with the results achieved by its class held this year in your institution. After Sunday evening addresses were given a class of about thirty volunteers was formed, and to this class a course of seven onehour lessons and readings was given. Thirty-two boys sat the short examination at the end of the course, and the work produced was of a very good standard. My union had pleasure in awarding nine book prizes to those boys who were awarded high marks. In future years I have no doubt the League of Nations Union will be glad again to conduct a class of your boys in the study of the League." Much care and attention has been given to the furtherance of the recreational side of the work, and every boy is encouraged to take part in some form of recreation. During the football season two teams were entered in the Southland Rugby Union Competition—viz., third and fourth grades respectively. Both teams, which were ably coached by Mr. E. C. Kelly, did very well, being runners-up in their respective grades. The finals in these matches were played at Rugby Park. In the Third Grade we were beaten by our old rivals, the Southland Boys' High School, and in the Fourth Grade by the Southland Technical College. In this connection we are indebted to the Southland Rugby Union for providing transport facilities. Several matches were played during the season under the House System, thus inculcating a friendly spirit of competition among the four houses. The cricket season comes in two separate periods of the year, and during the first half of the season eight friendly matches were played against outside teams, of which we won six and lost two. When it is considered that most of the teams played were up to Junior A Grade Standard, our boys did exceedingly well. In the last half the season was opened by His Worship the Mayor, Mr. J. Miller, who bowled the first ball which started a friendly game consisting of a team chosen from, visitors and members of the staff versus the boys. The game resulted in a win for the boys. During the two periods house matches were played each Saturday and the competition between the various houses was very keen. A team was entered in. the Junior "B " Grade Competition. To date ten matches have been played, of which the institution won six and lost four, and are leading in the competition (Advice'has now been received that the Borstal team won the competition and the " Times" cup.) Our thanks are due to the Southland Cricket Association for a generous supply of cricket gear, which was very much appreciated. Special athletic sports meetings were held under the House System on New Year's Day, King's Birthday, Boxing Day, and Labour Day. Wakatipu House was again successful in retaining the cup for highest aggregate in all branches of sport. The tennis-court on the recreation-ground appears to be most popular with the Maori boys, who take a very keen interest in the game. Both Fives and volley ball have their followers, and it "is considered a wise policy to allow the inmates who so desire to follow these games as much as possible, as they are mainly lads who do not seem interested in other branches of recreation. Impromptu swimming carnivals were held during the summer months. Members of the Oreti Life-saving Club conducted a Life-saving Class, thus giving the boys an opportunity of becoming proficient in this branch of sport. The Rotary Club members still take an active interest in the welfare of the boys attending the association class. Each Thursday evening visiting members give lectures, talks, and other items of interest, which are eagerly looked forward to by the boys. I regret to state that Mr. J. S. McGrath, 8.A., who has been associated with the evening school classes for a number of years, has been laid aside by illness for a considerable time. During his absence the work has been carried on under the supervision of Mr. L. J. Clapp, Headmaster of the Wa.ikiwi School, and ably assisted by Mr. T. McFarlane, First Assistant of St. George School. The general working of the classes is embodied in the following precis of Mr. Clapp's report:—

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" Early in the year it was found necessary to reorganize the working of the classes owing to the illness of Mr. J. S. McGrath. With the new organization Mr. McFarlane took over the working of the High School, and a syllabus on the progressive lines of educational thought and teaching was mapped out. By this method of instruction it was able _to interest the pupils in the prescription which aims to reveal the cultural side of education through English and literature, that business arithmetic and business methods are live subjects, and that current topics and civics are closely allied. " The lower school, under my guidance, was used mainly for those pupils who were not up to proficiency standard. Those with a brighter intelligence were promoted to the High School at intervals throughout the year. Special attention was paid to those who showed inabdity in any particular branch of instruction. " In geography, history, and civics the main object was to give the pupils additional interest in our own country and to show the wonderful advancemert New Zealand has made since its lawless days of a hundred years ago." An educational class is now being held daily at the farm branch by a competent start officer. . Physical training is an integral part of Borstal training, and under Mr. J. Page, Physical Director of the Southland Boys' High School, the lads have made phenomenal progress. The physical-drill display was one of the outstanding features of the concert given in the Civic Theatre last September. _ ( . The library has been reorganized and is now working Several donations ol books have been received during the year, and full advantage is being taken of the books which are at the disposal of the inmates. All books are kept in an excellent state of repair. In addition to the existing library, a special library for officers has been inaugurated where current literature is procurable, together with books on subjects dealing with the rehabilitating of delinquents. The weekly Bible classes have been reorganized and are now being conducted by the ministers of the various denominations, thus making it possible for a lad to keep in touch with a minister of his own faith. _ . We are indebted to the various ministers and Salvation Army Officers for conducting Divine service each Sunday and for the kindly interest they have shown towards both inmates cin_ci "fch-G 3idni] mstrsiti on A special service was held on Anzac Day by the Rev. E. B. Chambers and Mr. Hugh Ritchie, president of the Returned Soldiers' Association. The services of a number of eminent visitors to the city have been secured, among whom were Lieutenant-Colonel Walls, National Young People's Secretary, Salvation Army Colonel Orsborn, Chief Secretary, Salvation Army; Mr. A. Johnson, the Blind Evangelist; and Mr. H. St. John, a world-travelled evangelist, _ . Special mention must be made of the service of Mr. H. Dobie, who has again officiated each Sunday morning at the organ. . . Under the auspices of the Invercargill Group, Toe H members have paid monthly visits on Sunday evenings, supplying both musical items and interesting addresses. One of the problems in Borstal work is the after-care of inmates, and to assist this steps have been taken to form a Borstal Society in Invercargill. Several prominent citizens have interested themselves in this scheme, and with their co-operation I feel sure that it will be a success. Our thanks are due to their Excellencies Lord and Lady Bledisloe for their magnificent gift of a subject-picture of the Madonna and child to commemorate their visit to the institution in January, 1931. On the 30th November last an opportunity was given members of the Southland Justices Association of making themselves acquainted with the various activities carried out at the institution and farm. The comments of the visitors made it very evident that they were most favourably impressed with all they had seen. The ninth annual summer camp was held at Otatara, when a happy fourteen days were spent under canvas amidst ideal surroundings and under excellent weather conditions. The general tone and spirit of the camp was all that could be desired. Each officer did yeoman service, and each inmate appreciated to the full the privilege granted by the Department. We are again indebted to Mr. R. M. Brasted, National Secretary, Y.M.C.A., for assisting with the camp and loaning picture-machines and programmes, also for the use of the large marquee. Mr. Brasted was ever a source of inspiration, and much of the success of the camp was undoubtedly due to his untiring efforts. Sports Day was an unqualified success, when an active interest was displayed by Mr. E. C. Levvey,' S.M., Chairman of the Visiting Committee, and His Worship the Mayor, Mr. J. Miller", who at the conclusion of the events addressed the boys and presented the prizes. Our thanks are due to the Southland Justices' Association, Rotary Club, the Southland Times Co., Hardware Association, Patients' and Prisoners' Aid Society (Invercargill and Dunedin), Dr. J. Garfield Crawford, the various business firms, ladies' committee, and kindhearted citizens who made generous donations to the Christmas Cheer Fund. With the co-operation of the musical fraternity and other sympathetic citizens several concerts, lectures, and moving-picture entertainments have been held during the year and were keenly enjoyed by the inmates. 4—H. 20.

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Mixed farming has been carried on, thus enabling the lads to gain a good all-round experience in farm work. The number of cows in milk was 117, all being milked by hand. Unfortunately the low prices obtaining for butterfat has militated against a high return for this branch of the work. There was a decided improvement in the average butterfat production, the average per cow being 266 lb. The prices obtained for wool and lambs showed a great improvement compared with the previous season, the wool realizing 10fd. per pound, as against s£d. per pound the previous year. 774 lambs were sold, the average price being £1 Is. Bd. per head. The lambing percentage is again very satisfactory this year, and at the end of the year 850 lambs had been marked. The prospects of the lambs being realized at good prices are very bright. The pigs bred on the farm have mostly been sold as baconers, but a number of boars and sows have been sold to breeders. In all, eighty-eight pigs have been disposed of during the year at satisfactory prices. The garden and experimental area provided more vegetables than were required for the use of the institution, and the surplus was disposed of at the local markets. All firewood required by the local Government offices has been supplied by the institution, and in addition all firewood required for the institution, dairy, and piggery has been cut oh the farm. The shoeing of horses, repairs to implements, plant, and tools, and all smithy work required by the institution and farm was efficiently carried out in the blacksmith's shop. In the bootmaker's shop all footwear required for the local institution has been made and all repair work required carried out. In addition, inmates' boots have been made for Paparua. Prison and officers' boots for South Island institutions. Repairs to harness have also been carried out in the shop. In conclusion, I desire to express my appreciation of the whole-hearted support received from the staff, both clerical and uniform branches. Waikeria Borstal Institution (Te Awamutu). (Superintendent, Mr. D. Dunlop.) On the Ist January, 1934, there were in custody 88 Borstal inmates, and 45 were received during the year; the discharges were 1 on expiration of sentence and 53 on probationary licenses, while 6 were transferred to other institutions, thus leaving 73 inmates in custody on the 31st December, 1934. The greatest number of Borstal inmates in confinement at any one time was 91, the least 63, the daily average being 77 -11. In the reformatory section there were in custody at the beginning of the year 72 inmates, and 95 were received during the year; of these, 3 were discharged on expiration of sentences, 1 death occurred (whilst on escape from custody), 46 released on probationary licenses, and 26 transferred to other institutions, leaving a total of 91 in custody on the 31st December, 1934. The greatest number of reformatory inmates in custody at any one time was 91, the least 58, the daily average being 81 -02. No epidemic diseases were experienced during the year, the health of the inmates on the whole being very good. There were eight cases in which the patients had to be removed to the Public Hospital at Hamilton for proper treatment. The Medical Officer (Dr. J. B. AV. Roberton) made frequent visits to the institution and carried out his duties in a very satisfactory manner. Four inmates were examined by mental specialists, and there were four cases for treatment for venereal disease. Pull advantage was taken by the inmates of the usual facilities provided for dental attention. During the past few years one of the most difficult problems has been to find suitable employment for the young men discharged from the institution, and, although the position in this respect is still far from satisfactory, it is pleasing to note that during the major portion of the year employment was offering in greater volume and the conditions of work were far more attractive than hitherto. The Department is again indebted to Mr. P. Findlay, of Hamilton, for the great amount of voluntary work he did in finding employment for the discharged inmates. In the majority of cases the considerable improvement which takes place in the general health of an inmate between the period from when he is committed to when he is finally due to be discharged is very noticeable. The inmates invariably put on weight and improve in appearance. No serious offences occurred during the year, and discipline was maintained at a very high standard. There were the usual number of minor breaches associated with reckless and careless inmates for damage to property and equipment, The Department is indebted to the Visiting Justice (Mr. AV. Jeffrey) and to members of the Visiting Committee (Mr. F. Quin. Mr. F. AV. Bevin, Mr. G. A. Empson, and Mr. F. J. Gilbert) for their helpful assistance to the activities of the institution and for the sound judgment they displayed in dealing with disciplinary matters. Facilities for recreation were provided as usual. Provided an inmate adheres to the recognized rules as to conduct and industry, special privileges are made available for his enjoyment during leisure-hours. As an incentive to good behaviour and industrious habits these privileges are most valuable. Concert parties and lectures were given on eight evenings during the year, and the Department is indebted for these to Mr. F. Findlay, the Otorohanga Concert Party, and to members of the Te Awamutu Methodist Church.

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An electric wireless set was donated to the institution by Mr. F. Findlay and Mr. E. C. Day, of Hamilton, and is greatly appreciated by the inmates. The evening educational class was conducted throughout the year, the average roll being 47 and the average attendance 33-7. The work, with a few minor exceptions, was of a similar nature to that of previous years, but as mentioned in former reports the continual, yet unavoidable, changing of classes, due to the discharge of the inmates, does not permit of work being carried out to any set plan. However, in many cases good progress has been made. Several inmates have been taking special courses in book-keeping, and one or two have made good progress. These inmates attended regularly and were given as much individual attention as possible. Mr. Don, Art Instructor, and Mr. Gillies, Geography Instructor, of the Auckland Teachers' Training College staff, visited the classes, and both gave interesting and instructive addresses which were greatly appreciated. Due to the courtesy of the Auckland Museum, two films dealing with bird and animal life around the coast of New Zealand were shown. The Director of the Institute has promised further films and a series of lantern slides for the coming year. During the year a number of debates were held, and in these the inmates freely participated. Lecturettes were given from time to time on current historical and geographical topics. For those doing indoor work and requiring physical development drill-classes were held on two evenings each week. In the field of sport it is satisfactory to note that the inmates were again able to uphold their reputation for sportsmanlike play and irreproachable conduct. Although the team entered in the senior grade competitions under the control of the Waipa Rugby Union did not win any trophies it put up some very good performances and finished third in the series of games for the championship. Local competition games were also staged between teams representing different branches of the institutional activities, and these created considerable interest. The cricket teams played a number of matches with teams from Hamilton and Te Awamutu. These games were played in the true cricket spirit, and were thoroughly enjoyed by all concerned. Good conduct and industry enables inmates to qualify for membership of a special class which is permitted to indulge in appropriate games during the evenings. Religious services were again provided during the year by visiting chaplains from Te Awamutu and Kihikihi. In view of the fact that revenue from the principal farm activity—dairying—was considerably reduced as the result of lower production and lower values for butterfat, it is satisfactory to record that the total revenue for the year, which amounted to £11,237 3s. 5d., showed a decline of only £819 Is. lid. compared with the previous year. For the past few years there has been ample productive work on the property to absorb the whole of the available labour. No permanent pasture was laid down during the year, but some preliminary development work was undertaken. During the year a new water-supply was provided for the paddocks in the vicinity of No. 1 dairy. The bore was put down a depth of 247 ft., water being 96 ft., from ground-level. The supply is an excellent one, the water having been tested to 600 gallons per hour. During the year the whole of the dairy herds and heifers were subjected to the tuberculin test by a Veterinarian from the Department of Agriculture. Altogether 497 dairy cows were tested, and the reactors disposed of. During the season ended 31st July, 1934, an average of 460 cows were milked, resulting in a milk-yield of 3,381,061 Ib., at an average test of 416 per cent. The average factory cream-test was 40 -55 per cent., and the average estimated butterfat yield per cow was 298-77 lb. Compared with the previous season, there were increases of 6in the number of cows milked, of 016 per cent, in the average milk test, 015 in the average factory cream-test, and of 411 lb. in the estimated butterfat-yield per cow. The total milk-yield decreased by 88,710 lb. and the factory butterfat-supply by 2,272-J lb. The supply of beef and mutton for the ration-requirements of the Auckland Prison was continued during the year with satisfactory results. Good progress was made with the pig industry, and 552 porkers were sold during the year, also 113 weaners and stores. Eight porkers were killed for rations. An area of approximately five acres of tobacco was harvested in March, 1934, and 6,491 lb. of dried leaf was forwarded "to Auckland. This leaf is being held in store to mature for subsequent manufacture to a smoking-mixture for prison use. The growing crop for the current season is looking very well, and a good yield can be expected. Practically no revenue was obtained from the orchard, the crop being ruined by late frosts experienced during the year 1933. An increase of 217 lb. of honey was recorded in production from the apiary for the season, the total honey received for disposal being 2,991 lb. The rearing of pheasants for the Internal Affairs Department was continued, and last season seventy-two birds were disposed of to that Department for liberation. Several entries, of live-stock and all classes of farm.and garden produce were provided in the 1934 show organized by the Te Awamutu Agricultural, Pastoral, and Horticultural Association, and the institution was successful in obtaining a number of prizes. In the home industries section an exhibition of all kinds of farm and garden produce and samples of all classes of work which the inmates perform as part of their daily tasks was well received. In conclusion, I desire to thank the staff for their loyal co-operation.

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Point Halswell Borstal Institution. (Superintendent, Miss A. Escott.) On the Ist January, 1934, there were 34 inmates in the Borstal institution and 5 in the reformatory. During the year 19 young women were received into the former institution and 29 released on license or otherwise disposed of, leaving 24 in the Borstal at the end of the year. In the reformatory section 48 older women were received during the year and 48 discharged or transferred elsewhere, leaving 5 in custody at the end of 1934. The conduct and industry of the inmates have been very satisfactory. One young Maori girl was admitted to hospital, and she passed away after being there for a short period. The case was diagnosed as tubercular meningitis. The health of the inmates was otherwise exceptionally good. the year we were honoured by a visit from Her Excellency Lady Bledisloe. Her Excellency has always shown an interest in our work, and on this occasion, her farewell visit, she left a donation for a supply of books for the institution library. Every encouragement is given the inmates to make full use of the library, which now contains a good supply of books. The girls are employed regularly at the various industries, all taking their turn in assisting with laundry, sewing, cooking, housework, gardening, &c. A good supply of vegetables has been maintained from the garden throughout the year. Our school, drill, and games are still carried on. The girls have physical exercises every morning, and attend school on four afternoons and evenings during the week. Saturday afternoon is taken up with games, mainly basketball and tennis. Swimming gets its turn as a regiilar part of physical training—the outing to Shelly Bay is always looked upon as a great privilege. During the winter the members of the Wesley Bible Class have come out to play basketball and indoor games with the girls. These breaks in the general routine are eagerly looked forward to and thoroughly enjoyed by all. We hope that these kind people will repeat their visits next year. We are again indebted to the ladies of the Borstal Association for the interest in the after-care of the girls, for providing coats and other articles of clothing for needy cases, also for entertainments and personal visits. Religious services are held regularly by members of the different denominations, so that every mmate is given the opportunity of attending her own church. We were not forgotten by kind friends during the festive seasons. The Borstal Association provided cake», fruit, and a gift for each girl on Christmas Day, and other friends sent gifts of good cheer, notable among them being Her Excellency's two beautiful Christmas cakes. On New Year's Day Mrs. Sprott gave her usual delightful concert and tea party, and a little later Mrs. Glover and other officers of the Salvation Army provided an evening entertainment, including supper, for the inmates. The Visiting Committee, under the chairmanship of Mr. G. C. Edwards, meets regularly and takes an active interest in the welfare of the inmates.

Visiting Justices to Prison. Addington Women's Reformatory: 11. A. Young, S.M.; E. C. Levvey, S.M. Auckland Prison: Wyvern Wilson, S.M.; F. K. Hunt, S.M,;; W. R. McKean, S.M. • J. H. Hannan, J.P.; J. H. Bradney, J.P. Hautu Farm Camp: John Cullen, J.P.; Alex. S. Laird, J.P.; Walter H. Swanger, J.P. Napier Prison: A. M. Mowlem, S.M.; James P. Thomson, J.P.: A. E. Bedford, J.P. New Plymouth Prison: W. H. Woodward, S.M.; C. E. Bellringer, J.P ■ Walter C. Weston, J.P.; Charles H. Burgess, J.P. Paparua Prison: H. A. Young, S.M.; E. C. Levvey, S.M.; J. Leslie, J.P.; George Maginness, J.P.; William T. Franks, J.P. Rangipo Farm Camp: John Cullen, J.P.; John J. Ross, J.P.; Alex. Si Laird, J.P ■ Walter H. Swanger, J.P. Waikune Prison Camp: John Cullen, J.P.; W. H. Sandford, J.P. Wanganui Prison: J. H. Salmon, S.M.; J. Driver, J.P. Wellington Prison: A. Longmore, J.P.; D. H. Edgar, J.P. • W. G. Riddell, J.P. Wi Tako Prison: Peter Robertson, J.P.; W. Greig, J.P.; J. A. Strang, J.P.; A. Longmore, J.P.; D. H. Edgar, J.P. Borstal Visiting Committees. Invercargill: W. H. Freeman, S.M. (Chairman); W. Macalister; W. A. Ott, J.P.; R. M. Strang, J.P.; M. N. Hyndman; James Ward, J.P. Point Halswell: George C. Edwards, J.P. (Chairman) ; Mrs. R. Glover; Mrs. M. H. Chatfield, J.P. Waikeria: Francis Quin, J.P. (Chairman); G. Empson, J.P.; Fred J. Gilbert; William Jeffrey, J.P.; F. W. Bevin.

22

Table A. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1934.

IC

23

~ „.3° 3 i • "£ a <d £ • co ri ® S d o P- ® C5'-i»>-" 2 o !■*" S3 Vi y 53 ff o e8 E3 • § S MHO O ° | «-3 o 0.2 U . fl «3 « U> A J 9 rrj C3 Clfl j ii -*= 3 i*2 »"2 *5 +i !2 J W m E3 ® 5 O ® ° o S «2-2 £» § » a K 2 5 2 *B .2 5 a w g tc 2 fl H a - g •»? ® Pj gS ® •& ® gS s gj .3 a£ 8° » iS « s -s I" $ ā m s -a * §g .3 .S®§ | =1 a§ =3 § s !:& aS | I S 5 5 w a " & £ £~ g £ " I i? g" £ £ £ fe a gg g5 (a) In prison at beginning of year :— Undergoing — M. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. I f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. Simple imprisonment, hard labour — j | j Under three months .. .. .. .. .. 3 14 ...... j .. 4 .. 7 .... 1 2 .. 13, 14 54 4 58 Three months and under one year .. .. .. 3 66 5 ..'. ..! 2 6 i .. 6 .. 48 .... 2 4 3 .. 1 .. 54 . . 31 . . 5 226 10 236 One year and upwards .. .. .... 4 160 4 43 .. 1 2| .. 37 .. 42 .. .... .... 24 . . 27 40 .. 12 .. 34 .. 22 448 8 456 Detention as habitual criminals .. .. 35 . . 4 .. \ 1 j .. i 1 .. 2 .. .... .. .. .. j .. .. 2 j .. .. j 45; . . 45 Reformative detention .. .. .. .. .. 10 48 5 45 .. j 4 j .. 16 .. 47 .. .. 2 .... 20 .. 41 ...... 49 .. 8 .. 20; .. 21 319 17 336 Detention in Borstal Institution .. .. .. .. 1 2 .......... 159 .. .. .. I . .. 34 .. 88 | .. ..! 249 35 284 I ! i : ! ■ ' : ' Total criminals in prison .. .. ..21 325 14 92 .J 8 ..159 .. 8 ..64 ..146 .. .. 5j .. 34 44 .. 72 .. 88 .. 94 .. 23 .. 121 .. 74 .. 19 .. .. ..1,337 741,411 For trial or on remand .. .. .. 4 2 ..j .. 1 3 .. .. .. 8 | .. .. 1 1 8 .. .. .. £ .. 29 3 32 Total in prison for criminal offences .. .. 21 329 16 92 .. 9 ..159 .. Ill .. 64 ..154 .. ..; ô| .. 34 44 .. 72 .. 88 .. 94 .. 24 1 129: .. 74 .. 23 .. .. ..1,366 771,443 Debtors .. .. .. .. j j .. ! j ..j ..j .. . .j .. .. .. ... . | .. .. .... ••• Total persons in prison .. .. .. .. 21 329 16 92 .. 9 ..159 .. 11 .. 64 ..154 .. .. 5j .. 34 44 .. 72 .. 88 .. 94 .. 24 1 129, .. 74j .. 23 ..[ .. ..1,366 77jl,443 (b) Received during the year :— Sentenced to— j j Simple imprisonment, hard labour — i 1 Under three months .. .. .. .. .. 33 508 22 ..; .. 14 63 4 25 ..286] .. .. 18 .. 50 8 460 338 4 58 1 1,802 9011,892 Three months and under one year .. .. ..16 188 12 ..i .. 20 23 1 21 .. 94 .. .. 9 .. ■ 8 .. 127 67 .. I .. .. 548 38 586 One year and upwards .. .. .. .. 1 60 2 .. ( .. 1 ......' 6 .. 3 .. 23 .. 4 .. j 7 .. 41 16 1 .. 157 8| 165 Hard labour, reformative detention, and declared 1 .. 1 ! 2 .. j 2 habitual criminal i i j j | j | ' Hard labour and reformative detention .. .. .. 1 10 1 1 .... l! ...... 11 .... 1 2 1 25 3 28 Hard labour and flogging .. .. 1 .. j ...... I 1 j .. j .. .. 2 .. 2 Reformative detention only .. .. 36 2 .. .. 2 .. I .. .. j 5' ..! 2 .. 9 .. .. 4 | ..j 3 .. 57 9 . . .. .. 123 6 129 Reformative detention and declared habitual criminal .... 1 • . .; : .. | . . . 1 .. 1 Hard labour and detention in Borstal Institution j .. : | | • j Detention in Borstal Institution .. .. .. .. .. 8 41 .. 6 .. .. .. 1 18 14 2 .. 7 2 .... .. 81 18 99 Hard labour and declared habitual criminal .. .. 1 .... .. 1 .. 2 2 5 1 6 Declared habitual criminal .. .. .. Death .. .. .. .. .. .... .. | j Detained until the pleasure of the Minister of Justice .... .. 1 ... ..! % 1 1 is known : ! j Under conviction for sentence .. .. .. .. .. 11 1 .. 9 8 .. .. 1 8 13 49 2 51 Total new prisoners received .. .. ..52 822 41 1 .... 37 ..41 ..113 5 53 ..436 .... 37 .. 18 14 70 8 704 447 5 58 12,7951672,962 On remand or for trial .. .. .. .. ..! 18 170 8] .. .. 31 . J . . J 23j 4 36 1 67; .. 7 38 3 91 182, 11 .. .. 638 52 690 Total.. .. .. .. .. .. 70 992 49 .... 68 ,. ! 41 ..136 9 89 1503 .. .. 44 .. 18 14 108 11 795 629; 16 58 13,433 219 3,652 Debtors .. .. .. .. .... .. 22 1 .... 2 .. .... i 17 .. 10 .. 10, 8 .. 47 38 .. 9 .. 163, 1 164 Lunatics .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..! .. .. ... •• ...j .. .. .. .; j •• iTotal new persons received .. .. .. 701,014 50| .. .. 70 .. 41 ..153 9 99 1513 .. .. 44 .. 18 : 14 116 11 842 667 16 67 13,596 2203,816 On transfer or in transitu .. .. .. .. . J 12 40 3 : 40 .. 4 .. 22 .. 17 2\ 18 .. 67 .. .. 4 ..! 1 3H .. 95 ..! 31 . . 61 .. 2 1 89 .. 121 .. 48 4 .. .. 686; 27 713 I I I I ! • _l ! , I Grand totals .. .. .. .. .. 821,054 53 40 .. 74 .. 63 ,.jl70 lljll7 1580 | .. .. 48; ..j 19 31 .. 95 .. 45 .. 61 ..118 12 931 ..121 .. 715 20 67 14,282^47 4,529 * Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917.

H.—2o.

Table A— continued. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1934—continued.

24

' r " . ' .——J ««uui I " -*-' i<iuvuaivvjjjr/ X UdA 1«/UX VU Ill/Of V U-Cll. "5" _ "d" -A ® ® » a , it Uaf of| J-a! I| I g ! II ! I I § s | g If! a if s g M ®f.§ g, I a! a~ | 1 | & I I f- ■ g s m l £ * Is 3 S m 1 1 ll | s | |£ i •if 1 Cj hH Q3 J -■ Q Q hH *3 Cfl CŌ c8 ® "iH T— CŌ " ■ < < w 5 | £ 5 _(£ £ !&(£&:►■£££ £l£êo (c) Discharged during the year :— ! j On expiration of sentence j m. F - m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. fJ m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. ! m. f. m. f. m. If. Simple imprisonment, hard labour .. .. .. 53 715 32 .. .. 21 78 2 45; ..396 .. ..29 3 46 6 527 .. 60 .. 346 3 58 12,295 1262 421 Reformative detention .. .. .. .. . . 1 2 1 ... 1 \ 1 i 426 Detention in Borstal Institution .. .. 7 3 [ *1 ' 8* 3 ; 11 On special remission— . 1 Hard labour 1 30 .. 4 .. 1 j ,.| 1 .. 17 4 4 .. 2 .. 17 .. 26 J I 107! 1 108 .Reformative detention .. .. .. ...... ..il 1 79 oi t a i io T,- J '' ■ • • ■ 1 ' • ■ * ■ ■ 2 .. 1 14 .. 18 5 led ■ • >.« • > • • • • 4 1 ! 1 .. . . 1 ] 7! ! 4 Executed .. . • •.. .. .. ...... 1 ! ' ' ' * , J Absconded and not retaken .. .. j , * * , Committed suicide .. .. j [\\ * * ' j I Released on recommendation of Prisons or Parole i j Board — Hard labour , 2 26 1 15 .. 1 2 .. 10 .. 16 12 .. 14 16 18 .. 17 ! 147 3 150 Reformative detention 9 21 3 24 .. 3 6 .. 34 .... 1 .... 9 .. 32 27 . .. 10 17 I 183 13 196 Detention in Borstal Institution . Js , ,, , i 115 23 m I ,„ c „„ Habitual criminals 20; .. i " !! " .. " J " .. ;; ;; " " " [ j 2° 23 Total criminals discharged to freedom .. ..66 819:37 45 .. 26 ..123 .. 80| 2 62' .. 465 .. .. 30 .. 27 25 .. 50 .. 54 .. 56 .. 50 6! 576 122 347 3 58 1 2 958 172 3 130 Acquitted and after remand .. .. .. .. 1 39! 2 .. .. 1 4| . . 1 41 .. 65 . . .. 8 .. .. 5 3 I a 1 'l9q' n 'mo Debtors .. .. .. .. .. j .. .. 22 1 -2 16 .. 11 .9 9 47 34 9 159 1 159 Lunatics transferred to mental hospitals .. .. .. 1 6 2 1 1 ..J 5 "'! 3 I " "i i! " 17; *3 20 Total persons discharged from prison .. ..68 886 '41 45 .. 29 .. 123 .. 101 2 78| .. 544 .. .. 38 . . 27 25 .. 50 .. 54 .. | 56~77 ~64 ~6 629 T 122 ~ 390 ~~3 ~67 ~~1 3 263 186 3 449 Transferred to other prisons or to the police .. ..16 188 8 14 .. 36 ..! 3 .. 66 8 37 1 51 .... 10 .. 2 13 .. 26 .. 6 . . 12 .57 7 324 17 329 17 1 179 6«) 1*248 Released on bail .. .. .. .. ; .-.j; 2 21 .. .... 2 4 .. 5 .j | ! 3 " " 2 < 37 2 39 Grand totals 1,095 49 59 ; ; .. 67 ..126 ..167 10119; 1600 .. .. 48 .. 29] 38 .. 76 .. 60 .. | 68 ..ĪĪĪIĪ] 956T7l39~ 72lj~2Ō _ 67 _ 14,479257 4,736 (d) In prison at end of year :— Undergoing — ;-t.4 | j . I Simple imprisonment, hard labour — Under three months , i - n .. .. 10 ...... 2 4 3 6 1 3 24 1 8 61 1 62 Three months and under one year 5 46 9 1 .. 9 5 .. 3 .. 49 7 7 3 7 4 7 i 2 " ! 22 " 27 " 4 176 14 190 One year and upwards, /,«■ 9 140 4 37 .. 2 1 .. 371 .. 42 11 .. 51 48 .. 7 i! 1 22 " 17 7 1 7 7 " 416 13 429 Detention as habitual criminals .. .. .. .. 1 31.. 4 2 1 11 1 41 i 2o Reformative detention; . . v 2 45 7 31 7 *3 7 7 7 i 7 15 7 30 7 7 '4 7 7 23 7 36 7 7 " 37 " 7 26 " 11 265 13 278 Detention 111 Borstal Institution .. .. .. 96 .. . . j 24 73 " " j '' | 169 24 193 Total criminals in prison .. .. j ..j 17 272 20 13' .. 16 ..96 .. 11 .. 60! ..[128] .. .. 5 .. 24' 37 .. 91 T"s7 ~~2oTT 95 56! I 13 1 128 ~66 : n94 For trial or on remand .. .. .. .... .. 15 . . .. 2 1 2j .. 5 j 1 9 .. ..! " 2 36 1 37 Total in prison for criminal offences .. .. | 17 287 20! 73 .. 16 .. 96 .. 13 1 62 1 ..133 .. .. 5 .. 24 ! 37~"91 Ū)4 l_ 56l | ; Ī5 1 ' H64~67ll31 Uebtors -j 1 .. .. '•:[ .. 1 1 1 j j .. 2' 7 7 :: ' 5 .. ' 5 Total persons in prison j 17 288 20| 73| .. 16 .. 96 .. 14 1 62j .. 131 .. .. 5 .. 24^ ~ ~91 "T 7~87 ~ 7 "īi T7 104~~66|T7 17jT7~~ 1,169 ~67 M36 . ?* Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 Of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917.

H.—2o.

Table A1. Table showing Number of Prisoners at each Prison or Institution in the Dominion during the Year 1934.

25

Sickness. (c.) Number of Distinct Prisoners ill on One or More Occasions, xr g tv* Greatest Number in Least Number in •> * . T with Number of Occasions, Total Number of Separate me of Prison. Prison Prison Daily Average Number of Illnesses, Total Number of Davs, and Daily Average on at One Time. at One Time. Prisoners. (a.) Greatest Number (6.) Admissions Sick-list. ill at any One to Hospital during — Time - Year. Number Total Daily © S £ ® of Number Average d £ Separate of on _ O H HH H H H Illnesses. Days ill. Sick-list. " - : - - — A j j • , irjr , _ M - F ' T - M - ?• T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. ! F. T. Addmato 11 (W° me n s R e fo rmat ° r y) .. 26 26 j .. 15 15 .. 19-80 19-80 .. 8 8 1 1 11 1 i* o, Auckland 363 18 381 2 86 17- 303. 333-86 16-59 350-45 33 2 35 25 3 28 115 35 'e 4 4 "l 247 2 344 6-42 Hautu (Tokaanu) .. .. 92 . . 92 73 .. 73 82-50 .. 82-50 9 .. 9 .... . 18 6 2 2 51 003 n.fif Invercargi .. 16 .. 16 3 . 3 9 . 62 9 . 62 6 .. 6 2 .. 2 8 1 1 " " 13 7I o-"0 Invercargill (Borstal Institution) .. 160 .. 160 96 .. 96 123.-26 .. 123-26 41 .. 41 10 .. 10 44 4 16 's '5 "5 234 1 463 4-01 22 2 24 5 5 14-08 0-24 14-32 2 .. 2 .. .. 6 6 49 New Plymouth .. 75 .. 75 48 . . 48 58-92 .. 58-92 5 .. 5 1 .. 1 17 5 " 1 " "3 49 34s 0-95 Paparua (Templeton) .. .. 189 . . 189 120 .. 120 134-42 .. 134-42 8 8 1"; 12 « 15 1 tt 7s« " Pt. Halswell (Women's Reformatory) .. 12 12 .. 4 4 6-49 6-49 ''I ~ Point Halswell (Borstal Institution) ' .. 53 53 23 23 i! 33-68 33-68 " "7 "7 "5 "5 "i 1 <; ' w n P° ,P f "♦ , " '• 46 '• 46 31 31 33 ' 50 •• 33-60 15 .. 15 .: .. . 12 7 26 177 0^49 Waikeria Reformatory) .. 90 .. 90 58 .. .58 81-02 .. 81-02 8 .. 8 4 .. 1 4 21 12 10 1 3 " 94 932 2-55 Waikeria (Borstal Institution) .. 91 .. 91 63 .. 63; 77-11 .. 77-11 10 .. j 10 4 .. 4 23 9 3 5 1 77 294 0-s? Waikune (Erua) .. .. 106 .. 106 85 .. 85 91-66 .. 91-66 11 .. ! 11 lj .. | , 3 1 18 13 8 2 6 187 814 2-23 33 2 35 16 1 17 21 ' 67 •• 21-67 2 2 .. .. I .. 1 2 11 0-03 W ? T n ! , ■■ ■■ 145 " 145 " 99 123 ' 03 •• 123-03 18 .. : 18 5! .. | 5 56 9 '3 *2 " "l 97 518 1-42 Wi Tako (Trentham) . .. 74 .. 74: 49 .. j 49 60-60 .. 60-60 7 .. ! 7 2! .. i 2 5 5 % ™ o-24 Minor prisons and police-gaols ! | 22-98 0-20 23-18 2 ! 2 17 17 107 n q Police lock-ups .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15-39 15-39 1 j T ° talS " " I •• '• f 1 ' '283-62 77-00 1,360-62 .. .. j .. 68 9 ! : 77 423 147 58 29 14 19 1,203 8,427 23^07 ■—; \ 1 ' - I _

H,— 2o.

Table B. Income and Expenditure Account for the Year ended 31st March, 1935. Expenditure. £ s. d. Income. £ s. d. To Rations .. .. .. .. •• 17,226 0 3 By Rents of departmental buildings .. .. 3,679 6 8 Clothing, footwear, and equipment .. .. 6,043 16 5 Sundry credits and recoveries .. .. 5,138 17 3 Earnings, wages, and gratuities —Prisoners and Value of prison labour capitalized on work .. 2,448 15 2 dependants .. .. .. 15,327 11 8 Surplus on industry working .. .. 13,312 810 Hospital maintenance and medicines .. 1,214 15 11 Net cost, departmental upkeep .. .. 119,15114 1 Transport and travelling expenses .. .. 4,518 11 10 Maintenance of building and grounds .. 2,149 17 8 Salaries and allowances .. . • • • 48,941 18 7 Fuel, light, water, &c. .. .. . ■ 5,833 9 3 Postages, telegrams, stationery, &c. .. .. 1,210 211 Compassionate allowance .. .. • • 120 0 0 Interest and depreciation .. .. •• 35,319 7 1 Administrative expenses .. .. •• 5,825 10 5 £143,731 2 0 £143,731 2 0 Balance-sheet as at 31st March, 1935. Liabilities. £ s. d. Assets. £ s. d Capital Account .. .. .. •• 789,559 10 4 Land, buildings, and improvements .. .. 712,298 0 9 Sundry creditors .. .. •• •• 7,546 12 8 Farm live-stock, implements, &c. .. .. 36,864 7 0 Accrued earnings .. .. •• •• 5,603 12 3 Plant, machinery, equipment, and stores .. 58,014 0 0 Deposits .. .. .. •• 426 11 1 Sundry debtors .. .. .. .. 6,490 511 Writings-ofE in suspense .. .. •• 1,989 3 6 Deposits .. .. .. .. .. 1,547 5 5 Treasury Adjustment Account .. .. 135,187 4 6 Expenditure paid in advance .. .. .. 27 19 4 Writings-of! in suspense .. .. .. 1,989 3 6 Departmental cost for year— Prisons and administration .. .. .. 119,151 14 1 Prisons Board and probation .. .. 3,929 18 4 £940,312 14 4 £940,312 14 4 G. 0. Hall, A.K.A.N.Z., Accountant.

26

H.—2o.

Table B1. Analysis of Value of all Prison Labour for the Year ended 31st March, 1935.

5—H. 20.

27

I Capital Works. Industries. Institutional. 1 Annual I I I t»_ •„ I I I 1 Daily Value Erection Boot Block \ n Domestic j Domestic Domestic i aw„i Average of Of Farm- Manu- Farms and Tile, Qu a^? es w0^f s āndl Miscel_ tena™! of clean l n ? ! Launder- | Cooking, ! 0ccupa . T ' Number of Labour Buildings develop- faetuxing and Manu- ..i nther laneous [i a mg a Baking, tional Inmates. P er and ment and Gardens, factur- G E?7<: Pn X 4 , Industries. : Sanitary, Repairs to! and tI0Dal ' Head. | Plant. Repairs, j | ing. P lts ' | Contracts. ic j clothing jj^tioning. ££££££££££££££ ££ Addington .. . . .. .. .. . . .. .. 71 . . . . 162 .. 112 10 20 .. 384 18-53 20- /2 Auckland .. .. .. .. .. 629 .. 808 87 1,959 88] 255 1,260 539 282 1,313 8,013 344-33 23-27 Hautu .. .. .. .. .. .. 873 .. 723 .. .. . .. 40 64 102 240 23 2,065 76-31 27-06 Rangipo . . .. .. .. . . 28 429 262 .. 14 37 32 36 838 35 ■ ] 9 23 • 81 Invercarcill .. .. .. .. .. 4 296 102 992 .. 224 333 226 346 .. 2,523 122-05 20-67 Napier . . .. .. . .. 13 145 .. 30 44 27 46 7 312 13-84 22-54 New Plymouth 16 . . 212 . . 729 76 250 150 179 115 1,733 56-32 30-77 Paparua . .. .. . 715 36 1,665 .. 685 281 215 253 108 3,958 131-54 30-09 Point Halswell 123 326 52 .. 153 53 707 35-36 19-99 Waikeria . 62 107 . 2,94« .. .. .. 66 630 464 282 277 .. 4,834 158-44 30-ol Waikune " . 28 4,848 .. 97 42 174 338 6 5,533 90-49 61-14 Wanganui , .. .. .. .. .. .. 42 .. . . .. 163 109 29 55 .. 398 20-74 19-19 Wellington . . . 172 .. .. . . 122 600 458 200 174 919 2,651 117-75 22-51 WiTako .. .. 6 .. 1,147 .. ,. .. .. 42 124 92 104 .. 1,575 57-27 27-50 Minor gaols .. .. .. .. .. ■ - - - - - 2 .. .. . . .. 121 .. .. . . 197 28-04 7-03 Totals .. .. .. .. 739 1,711 910 7,535 36 4,498 4,848 1,557 3,029 3,578 2,317 2,472 2,491 35,721 1,306-20 27-34

H.—2o.

Table C. Table showing the Actual Number of Distinct Convicted Prisoners received into Gaol during the Year 1934, classified according to Principal Offences, Birthplace, and Age.

28

Offences against the Offences against „ Person. Property. Miscellaneous. ' Totals. Convicted Summarily, Theltand j Mischief Drunkenness» Va«rancv + 0ther Indictment convicted. | Deceit. | Mlsctuel - Drunkenness. \ agrancy.T offences. M. F. M. F. j M. | F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Birthplaces— New Zealand .. 65 3 44 3 598 29 48 .. 141 12 81 39 541 23 1,518 109 Australia . . .. 4 1 2 .. j 43 . . . 1 .. 12 10 38 .. 110 1 England and Wales .. 9 1 11 .. I 84 \ 4 6 45 2 17 1 123 .. 295 8 Scotland .. .. 3 .. 2 .. 38 2 1 .. 31 .. 11 1 54 .. 140 3 Ireland .. .. 1 .. 3 .. 14 1 3 .. 19 3 3 18 1 61 5 Other British countries I 7 j .. .. 1 1 .. .. 1 7 16 2 China .. j 1' j .. 1 .. 62 64 Other countries .. 1 1 7 6 .. 4 .. 22 41 At sea .. . . .. .. .. .. .... Not stated .. 1 j .. 1 .. .. 1 2 1 Totals .. 84 5 63 3 j 793 36 59 1 255 j 14 128 45 865 25 2,247 129 Ages— 15 and under 20 years.. 8 .. .. 72 : 7 8 1 .. 4 .. 19 1 112 8 20 „ 25 „ .. 16 .. 12 .. 179 7 24 .. 10 .. 11 10 120 2 372 19 25 „ 30 ,. .. 18 1 6 .. 143 5 f 5 ... 8 .. 12 3 141 1 333 10 30 ,. 40 „ .. 18 1 19 1 212 7 8 .. 54 5 28 7 276 4 615 25 40 „ 50 „ .. 15 2 16 1 121 8 9 .. 71 4 31 13 155 9 418 37 50 60 . 4 8 54 j 1 2 .. -64 4 27 10 110 6 269 21 60 and over .. .. 5 1 2 1 10 i 1 .31 46 I 15 2 43 2 124 9 Not stated .. ■ .. 2 i .. .... 1 j .. .. 1.. 4 I 1 ■ I ' Totals .. 84 5 63 3 J 793 | 36 59 j 1 255 j 14 128 45 865 25 2,247 129 Maoris included above .. 12 J 1 12 1 91 j 2 9 1 .. 5 j 10 2 62 4 201 10 * It must be remembered that drunkenness is punished more by fine than by imprisonment, so that the figures in the gaol tables do not represent the full number of persons punished for that offence. t Including importuning, consorting with rogues, &*e.

H.—2o.

Table D. PRISONS.—NEW ZEALAND BORN PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1934. Table showing the Number of Distinct New Zealand born Convicted Prisoners of each Sex (including Maoris) received during the Year 1934, classified according to Ages and Offences.

Table E. PRISONS.—MAORI PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1934. Table showing the Number, Ages, and Offences of Distinct Convicted Maoris (Male and Female) received into the various Gaols during the Year 1934.

29

12 and I 15 and | 20 and 25 and ] 30 and 40 and Not t t under 15. | under 20. 1 under 25. i under 30. j under 40. upwards. stated. J-otals. Offences. I I I I ' ! i I | | j ! I M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. , M. F. M. F. M. F. Offences against the person — j j Convicted on indictment 7 14 .. j 15 1 13 ] 16 1 65 3 Convicted summarily .. .. 11 .. 5 .. 12 1 16 2 .. .. 44 3 Offences against property— Theft and deceit .. 68 7 161 7 ; 116 4 155 5 97 6 1 598 29 Mischief .. ...... 7 23 .. j 5 7 6 48 Drunkenness ,. .. .. i .. 1 9 8 34 4 89 8 141 12 Vagrancy* .. .. 4 . . 10 10 7 3 21 7 39 19 .... 81 39 Other offences .. 16 1 95 2 106 1 169 4 155 15 .... 541 23 Totals, 1934 103 8 323 19 262 9 411 22 418 51 1 .. 1,518 109 Totals, 1933 148 11 358 25 288 9 477 25 459 49 8 .. 1,738 119 Totals, 1932 178 18 426 22 365 8 537 24 613 60 6 .. 2,125 132 Totals, 1931 168 12 390 16 343 7 495 30 541 46 2 1,939 111 Totals, 1930 113 20 298 11 265 11 401 30 551 56 4 ..1,632 128 * Including importuning, consorting with rogue3, &c.

12 and ; 15 and 20 and j 25 and 30 and 40 and ] jNot , r under 15. i under 20. under 25. under 30. j under 40. upwards. ! seated Jotals. Offences. | j I J | ■ M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. j F. M. F M. j F. M. F. Offences against the person — Convicted on indictment .. 2 .. 4 ..13 1 2 .. 1 12 1 Summarily convicted .. 6 .. 1 .. 3 1 2 12 1 Theft and deceit .. .. 21 1 29 .. 22 1 12 7 91 2 Mischief .. .. .. 8 1 9 Drunkenness .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 2 5 Vagrancy .. .. 3.. 2 2 1 4 10 2 Other offences .. .. 4 1 10 | .. 12 .. 25 .. 11 3 .... 62 4 Totals .. .. 30 2 60 i 2 40 2 48 1 23 3 201 10

H.—2o.

Table F. PRISONERS.— AGES AND SENTENCES. Table showing the Ages of Distinct Prisoners received under Sentence during the Year 1934, with Information as to Length of Sentence.

o CO ert ®T <y A o o o o be .5 p Pi p <u > '6c o p c 0 +3 o3 CS ft cu £ 1 K %> a, c V o O e§ § *8 o a. a.

JO cc <35 7 ri o -<-> bO 53 £ $ 3 Pn +3 0 § 1 o O i* H ft O hJ K d +3 "£J o ,xi •+^ < >> pq

OJ £

30

Total Length of Sentence. Age * Under 1 Week 1 Month I 3 Months | 6 Months 9 Months 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 7 Years 10 Years 12 Years 15 Years Habitual i Wool? and under I and under | and under I and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under Life. Death. Crimi- not stated Totals. • 1 Month, j 3 Months, j 6 Months, i 9 Months, j 12. Months. 2 Years. 3 Years. 4 Years. 5 Years, i 7 Years. 10 Y ears. 12 Years. 15 Years. 20 Years. nals. periods M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. | F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. j M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 15 and under 16 ] . , .... .... ... . . .. 1 16 „ 17 2 .. 3 .. .. j I .. ! 5 .. 17 „ 18 2 1 1 1 2 5 2 6 .. .. 1 . .. 17 4 18 ,, 19 3 .. 2 1 6 .. 8 ] .. 3 .. 11 .. 7 1 ' 41 2 19 ,, 20 3 5 11 .. 3 1 .. 2 3 15 1 5 1 49 1 20 ,, 21 6 9 14 .. 5 5 8 j 2 13 3 8 .. : «8 5 21 „ 25 36 ... 66 1 74 2 33 1 20 .. 2 .. 24 i 5 25 4 15 1 ; 5 .. 1 ] 1 .. 1 .. 304 14 25 ,, 30 52 1 60 1 76 5 41 1 37 .. 8 .. 22 2 20 .. 10 .. 2 1 .. ! 2 ! . . 1 333 10 30 „ 35 67 2 67 1 75 .. 48 .. 33 1 4 .. 24 . . 21 .. 6 I ] 2 .. ] I .. 1 1 351 I 6 35 „ 40 60 3 53 5 46 I 2 43 4 20 3 3 .. 19 1 2 10 .. 8 .. 1 .. ] 1 264 ; 19 40 „ 45 55 1 43 3 I 47 3 31 3 19 3 3 .. 12 1 10 I 5 .. ! .. . . I 1 2 229 | 15 45 „ 50 51 4 32 6 i 38 4 27 5 18 1 2 .. 9 2 8 .. 2 .. 1 . . . 1 189 ! 22 50 „ 55 44 2 31 2 32 2 24 3 14 8 I 3 2 . . 3 . . 1 1 . . .. 159 13 55 ,, 60 39 2 21 1 24 1 9 3 5 .. 1 .. 7 1 3 .. 1 .. .. j 110 8 60 „ 65 39 2 12 .. 18 2 11 .. 1 1 .. 1 .. 3 .. .. j .. .. 1 ' .. .. .. .. 1 87 5 65 ,. 70 11 .. 6 6 1 3 1 .. 1 .. .. 1 .. 1 1 29 3 70 ., 75 .. 1 2 .. 1 .. 1 : ! .. 4 1 75 „ 80 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. 1 .. ..I j .. 4 80 and over .. .. .. .. .. j .. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. . . .. .. .. .... .. .. .. j Not stated .. 1 .. 1 1 1 4 Totals .. 477 18 411 21 j 466 j 22 289 21 174 9 25 j ... 145 20 j 145 11 I 82 4 7 .. 7 1 i 5 1 .. 1 1 ...9 1 2 1 2,247 , 129 I ! It ! ! i I I !