MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (TWELFTH REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1932. Prepared by Direction of the Minister of External Affairs for the Information of the League of Nations, pursuant to Article 6 of the Mandate and Article 22 of the Covenant.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1932 Session I-II, A-04

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1932. NEW ZEALAND.

MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (TWELFTH REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF) FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1932. Prepared by Direction of the Minister of External Affairs for the Information of the League of Nations, pursuant to Article 6 of the Mandate and Article 22 of the Covenant.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

Sir, — Prime Minister's Office, Wellington, N.Z., 13th July, 1932. I have the honour to forward herewith the Twelfth Annual Report on the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa, for the year ended 31st March, 1932. This Report has been prepared by the Administrator of Western Samoa, and adopted by the New Zealand Government as its report for the purposes of Article 6 of the Mandate, and in conformity with Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations. A copy has been forwarded direct to each member of the Permanent Mandates Commission, and 120 additional copies have been despatched to you under separate cover. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, G. W. Forbes, The Secretary-General, League of Nations, Geneva. Prime Minister.

CONTENTS. PAGE Administrator's Report .. .. .. . . -. .. ~ 2 Departmental Reports .. .. .. .. -. . - .. 3 Questionnaire .. .. .. .. . • • • • ■ .. 22 Appendix A —Answers to Inqxiiries by the Permanent Mandates Commission .. 24 Appendix B—Charts .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28

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INDEX.

PAGE PAGE Administration .. .. .. .. 2, 3 Marine .. .. .. .. • • 11 Agriculture .. .. .. • • 3 Missions .. .. .. . • 7, 8, 27 Alcoholic Liquor .. .. .. 22, 27 Moral, Social, and Material Welfare .. .. 23 Anthropology .. .. •. .. 26 Native Affairs .. .. .. .. 2, 3 Arms Traffic .. .. .. 22 New Zealand Reparation Estates .. 14, 23 Bananas .. .. .. ■ • 4, 11, 12, 29 Observatory . . .. .. 16 Cacao .. .. .. .. 11,12,29 Police and Prisons .. .. .. ..11 Conventions and Treaties .. .. 24 Population Statistics .. .. .. 5 Copra .. .. .. 3, 11, 12, 26, 29 Postal and Radio .. .. .. . . 14 Customs .. .. .. •• •• 11 Public Trust .. .. .. 21 Drugs .. .. .. • • 22 Public Works .. . . .. .. 15 Education .. .. .. .. • ■ 7 Quarantine.. .. .. ■ ■ • • 5 Finance .. .. • . • • .. 2, 17 Radio .. .. .. • • .. 14 Food and Drugs .. .. .. . • 5 Rubber .. .. .. .. 12, 29 Harbour .. .. .. .. . ■ 13 Sanitation .. .. .. . • • • 5 Health .. .. .. .. .. 3, 4 Shipping .. .. .. .. .. 13 Infectious Diseases .. .. .. .. 5 Staff .. .. .. .. 21 Justice .. .. . • • • .. 9, 26 Statistics — Labour .. . . .. .. 14, 22, 27 General .. .. .. .. 3, 6, 7, 25 Lands and Survey .. .. .. .. 15 Vital and Demographic .. .. 5 Legislation .. .. . ■ .. 3, 27 Trade .. .. .. . ■ 2, 11, 28 Legislative Council .. .. .. .. 3 Charts .. .. .. .. 28

ANNUAL REPORT BY THE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE YEAR 1931-32.

I. ADMINISTRATORS. Colonel S. S. Allen, C.M.G., D.5.0., V.D., left Samoa on the 4th April and his successor Brigadier General H. E. Hart, C.8., C.M.G., D.5.0., v.d., arrived on Ist May, 1931. 11. TRADE. As a result of the world-wide depression, and especially the drop in the price of copra, the main product of this territory, there has been a considerable decrease in the trade turnover. The reduction in trade for the year 1931 was £359,397 as against the total of £559,870 for the year 1930. a drop of 35 per cent. 111. FINANCE. Owing to the reduced turnover, which included a proportionate reduction in imports, there was a substantial decrease in the Customs revenue. When this became apparent steps were immediately taken to meet the financial situation. These took the form partly of reorganization of Departments and retrenchment, and partly of an increase of Customs duty equal to a general increase of 5 per cent. As a result of these steps, the revenue for the last quarter of the year under review showed a marked improvement, and after taking into account £20,042 available funds at the Ist April, 1931, the year ended with a small credit balance. It is pleasing to be able to report that this result was obtained without the necessity of any detrimental curtailing of the activities or services of the Administration. IV. NATIVE AFFAIRS. There has been a marked improvement in the political situation throughout the Territory, and all Departments having dealings with the natives are now functioning happily and satisfactorily. The Land and Titles Commission sat in April and in November, the natives coming freely to give evidence and have their claims dealt with, and more cases were brought before the Commission during this year than in any of the preceding live years. The better feeling now prevailing not only applies to official transactions, but extends also to sports and social gatherings. A sitting of the Fono of Faipule was held in the month of May. The Faipule were again assembled in December, when the financial position was placed before them and discussed, and arrangements made for the election of the new Faipule. In this matter previous procedure was followed, each district was asked to nominate a Faipule in writing, and in each case the person selected was appointed Faipule. Of the thirty-three Faipule twenty-one formerly held office, and seventeen were members of the solely nominated Fono as it existed prior to the Ist April, 1929. Of the twelve new Faipule some were at one time members of the Mau. The Honourables Malietoa and Mata'afa, the two Fautua, have at all times given great assistance, and, owing to their profound knowledge of Samoan customs and their high standing in the country, their advice has been invaluable and is cordially acknowledged.

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V. HEALTH. An outbreak of influenza spread throughout the islands in September, but it was very mild in form, very few patients requiring hospital treatment, and there were no deaths. The health of the community generally has been good. Arrangements have been made in co-operation with the Rockefeller Institute to undertake a complete yaws campaign throughout the Territory. This work is to commence in April, 1932, and at the time of writing this report every village is being visited. A complete roll of each village is being compiled, and the treatment is being made available for every Samoan throughout the Territory free of charge. VI. LEGISLATION. One session of the Legislative Council was held during the year. The following laws and legislative measures have been brought into force since last report: — In New Zealand — The Finance Act, 1931, providing for a reduction of 10 per cent, in the salaries of the New Zealand Public Services. Order in Council of 20th April, 1931, applying Part lof the Finance Act, 1931, to the European members of the Samoan Public Service. Order in Council of 18th December, 1931, applying Part I of the Finance Act, 1931, to the Samoan members of the Samoan Public Service. The Finance Act, 1931 (No. 2), providing in section 19 that the Samoan Public Service be under control of the Public Service Commissioner of New Zealand, and in section 20 that the computing for superannuation purposes of each year's service in Samoa as a year and a half be discontinued, except in certain approved instances. The Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment Order, 1931. The Samoa Notaries Order, 1931. The Samoa Port and Customs Service Tax Amendment Order, J 931. The Samoa Quarantine Amendment Order, 1931. The Samoa Vagrancy Order, 1931. In Samoa — No. 2/1931. —The Road Traffic Ordinance. No. 3/1931. —The General Laws Ordinance. No. 4/1931. —The Fruit Export Ordinance. No. 5/1931. —The Lighterage Ordinance. No. 6/1931. —The Shopping Hours Ordinance. No. 7/1931. —The Cocoa Beans Sales Ordinance. No. 8/1931— The Fugalei Street and Building Alignment Ordinance Amendment Ordinance. No. 9/1931. —The Overseas Labourers Control Ordinance. No. 10/1931. —The Revenue Amendment Ordinance. Board of Health Regulations No. 9, as to Burials. Western Samoa Gazette No. 71. VII. ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS. A number of changes occurred in the staff. Many officers were called upon to perform additional duties to enable a certain amount of retrenchment and reorganization to be carried out, which has only been possible owing to the loyalty, good will, and co-operation of the staff. The Administrator desires to place on record his thanks and appreciation for the assistance he has received in this matter and for faithful service from all members of the Public Service of Samoa during a very trying period.

DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. NATIVE AFFAIRS. Native matters of all kinds are brought freely before this Department for settlement or advice. Sittings of the Land and Titles Commission were held in April and in November, extending over thirty-nine days in all, and nineteen cases were heard, involving a considerably greater number of individuals. The Faipule selected by their districts and appointed during 1930-31 for terms of one year only met in May. Their tenure of office terminated in September, but they were called together again in December. Following this meeting districts were invited to nominate in writing Faipule to hold office for the ensuing three years, and the representative selected by each district has been appointed. Judicial statistics appear following the report of the Justice Department, at page 9. Agriculture. The value of copra has declined to a lower point than at any other period in the present century, realizing at times little more than one-third of prices five years ago, but the quantity exported has fallen less than might have been expected. Native producers are fortunate in relation to those in

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more advanced societies, as within wide limits there is no state of the market at which it becomes unprofitable for them to produce, and a steady output of copra is maintained to provide their requirements of imported commodities. Through a combination of depression and over-supply in the New Zealand market the price paid to growers of bananas fell during the year from ss. to 3s. 6d. per case. Trade statistics are given in the report of the Customs Department. Returns of rhinoceros-beetle collections show a further decline, but towards the end of the year prosecutions of defaulters were reinstituted —this being merely a return to normal conditions. It has not been found possible to make any definite progress in the direction of entomological control of this pest, but the matter is in the hands of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, and is being prosecuted as vigorously as present financial conditions will allow. Although not essentially connected with native production, mention may be made here of a-visit made to the Territory in 1931 by Dr. and Mrs. J. R. Hosking, of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, for the purpose of investigating the possibilities of local production of essential oils. Their conclusions were that oil similar to ylang-ylang, of considerable intrinsic value in perfumery, is available commercially from the flower of the local moso'oi (Cananga odorata), and a small parcel has been prepared and sold by a local resident.

The following table shows the system of native district officials as on the 31st March, 1932 : —

HEALTH DEPARTMENT. Public Health. Bacillary dysentery (shiga) and mild catarrhal influenza were epidemic in the islands, the former from January, 1930, and the latter from September to the end of the year. Yaws malagas have been made in both islands. One Samoan student returned from the Central Medical School in Suva in June, owing to ill health, but was not replaced during the school year. Owing to the courtesy of His Excellency the Governor of Fiji, the Chief Medical Officer again had the opportunity of visiting the Leper Station at Makogai in October, whilst on furlough. Admissions to Apia and Safotu Hospitals show increases—there were decreases at Tuasivi and Aleipata. The following is the distribution of the medical organization as at the end of 1931 : — Vpolu— Apia Hospital: Three European Medical Officers, Bacteriologist, nine European nursing sisters, one Native medical practitioner. Aleipata Hospital: Native medical practitioner, one Samoan cadet, two Samoan nurses. Mulifanua Dispensary : Native medical practitioner. Manono Dispensary : Samoan nurse. Salimu Dispensary, Fagaloa : Samoan nurse. Matautu Dispensary, Lefaga : Samoan nurse. Lotofaga Dispensary : Samoan nurse. Savai'i — Tuasivi Hospital: Native medical practitioner, one Samoan cadet, two Samoan nurses. Safotu Hospital: Native medical practitioner, one Samoan nurse. Falelima Dispensary : Native medical practitioner, one Samoan nurse. Vaisala Dispensary : Samoan nurse. Fagamalo Dispensary : Samoan nurse. All figures and statistics in the report of this Department are in respect of calendar years.

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Rank. TJpolu. Savai'i. Total. Fautua (Native Advisers and members of tie 2 .. 2 Legislative Council) Faipule (members of Fono of Faipule) .. 19 14 33 Pule Fa'ato'aga (Lands Inspectors) . . . . 8 6 14 Komisi (Land and Titles Commissioners) . . 8 6 14* Pulenu'u (Village Rulers) . . . . . . 79 34 113 Failautusi (clerks to other officials) .. . . 2 .. 2 Teuala (roadmen) .. .. .. . . 1 .. 1 Leoleo (orderlies to Lands Inspectors) .. 10 .. 10 129 60 189 * These figures represent usual numbers chosen to act, from a list of qualified persons.

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Infectious Diseases. These include all cases notified in the Territory during the calendar year : Beriberi, 3 ; bacillary dysentery, 595 ; chicken-pox, 11 ; dengue, 37 ; enteric fever group, 44; leprosy, 8 ; lobar pneumonia, 89 ; bronchial pneumonia, 10 ; puerperal septicaemia, 1 ; pulmonary and other tuberculosis, 23 ; influenza, 3,612. In March 5 leprosy cases and in December a further 5 were transferred to Makogai, Fiji, and patients there from Samoa on 31st December, 1931, were : Samoans, 15 ; half-castes, 3 ; Chinese, 1 ; Melanesians, 5. Quarantine. During the calendar year 149 vessels arrived from overseas, and pratique was granted in every case but one. Quarantine intelligence service : This has been maintained as described in the Tenth Report, 1930. Food and Drugs. The Sale of Food and Drugs Act, 1908 (New Zealand), with its regulations, is in force in Western Samoa. During the year the following foodstuffs were condemned and destroyed under the supervision of the Inspector of Health: Meat in kegs, 3601b.; fresh meat, 2301b.; canned meat, 1441b.; fresh fruit, 50 lb. ; butter, 43 lb. ; dried milk, 252 lb. ; canned fruit, 33 lb. ; potatoes, 300 lb. ; fish, 60 lb. There are seventeen bakers, fifteen restaurant-keepers, eleven butchers, and four barbers holding licenses to trade in the Territory. Sanitation. Ninety-four permits were issued under the Board of Health Regulations ; 14 drainage and plumbing plans were examined, 4 being altered to comply with regulations. Septic tanks constructed, 7 ; waterclosets installed, 8 ; sinks installed, 19 ; cast-iron baths installed, 5 ; hand-basins, 9; urinals installed, 3. During the year under review 51 sanitary fittings and 460 ft. of drainage were completed, as against 50 sanitary fittings and 587 ft. of drainage in 1930. Number of loads of rubbish removed to dump, 1,275.

Vital Statistics, Western Samoa, for the Year 1931.

The percentage increase in native Samoan population during 1931 was 1:5, as compared with 2-32 in 1930, 2-12 in 1929, and 1-67 in 1928. The arrivals and departures of Samoans balance each other over periods of years. BERTHS (SAMOANS). The births of 1,372 living children were registered during 1931, giving a birth-rate per 1,000 of mid-year population of 32-68. For 1930, 1929, and 1928 the figures were 1,317, 1,408, and 863, the birth-rates being 31-97, 34-94, and 21-82 respectively. There were 13 still-births reported, which are not included either as births or deaths in the figures and rates given in this report. The still-birth rate per 100 live births for the last four vears is as follows : 1928, 1-04 ; 1929, 0-92 ; 1930, 1-36 ; 1931, 0-95. DEATHS (SAMOANS). During the year 587 deaths were registered, giving a death-rate per 1,000 of mid-year population of 13-98, whereas during 1928, 1929, and 1930 the deaths registered numbered 219, 599, and 479 with death-rates of 5-53, 14-86, and 11-63 respectively.

Births and Deaths by Months, 1931 (Samoans).

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(Last census held 31st December, 1925.) Natural Net As at 1st January, Births Deaths Mar- Arrivals Dpnartiires As at 31st Increase Increase 1931. ueatns. riages< Airivais. Departures. Decemberj 1931< or De _ or De _ crease, crease. l_ M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Native Samoans .. 21,164 20,514 735 637 308 279 146 445 291 524 369 21,502 20,794 +785 +628 Europeans and 1,499 1,316 28 21 10 3 26 262 221 253 198 1,526 1,357 + 36 + 68 half-castes Chinese labourers.. 915 6 .. .. 209 .. 404 .. 714 .. — 6 —201 Melanesian labourers 136 1 2 5 .. 129 1 — 2 —7 and dependants

i I Jan. Feb. March. j April. May. June. July. jAugust. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total. Births.. 141 81 58 229 80 37 212 94 58 236 86 60 1,372 Deaths 54 43 31 94 30 30 j 94 30 25 87 41 28 587

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Percentage of Deaths at Different Ages to Total Deaths (Samoans).

The infant-mortality rate for the year 1931 is 111 per 1,000 registered births, as against 61 for 1930 and 70 for 1929.

Hospital and Dispensary Statistics for the Year ending 31st December, 1931.

The Yaisala (Savai'i) dispensary was moved from Sataua in the June quarter, and that at Satalo (Upolu) was closed in the December quarter. Apia Hospital. - There are no structural alterations to report. Admissions were 1,356, as against 1,148 in 1930.

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Percentage of Deaths at Different Ayes to Total Deaths (Samoans). Number of Deaths. Percentage of Total Deaths. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1929. 1930. 1931. Under 1 week .. .. ■ • • • 23 25 17 3-84 5-22 2-89 From 1 week to 1 month .. •• 14 12 13 2-34 2-50 2-21 From 1 month to 3 months .. 19 13 14 3-17 2-72 2-39 From 3 months to 6 months .. .. 19 9 20 3-17 1-88 3-40 From 6 months to 12 months .. .. 23 31 89 3-84 6-47 15-17 From 1 vear to 2 years .. .. 96 18 42 16-03 3-76 7-16 From 2 years to 3 years .. .. 30 13 47 5-0] 2-72 8-00 From 3 years to 4 years .. .. ■■ 9 11 16 1-50 2-31 2-73 From 4 years to 5 years .. .. ■■ 13 17 15 2-17 3-54 2-56 From 5 years to 10 years .. .. 36 15 46 6-01 3-13 7-83 Over 10 years .. .. .. .. 317 315 268 52-92 65-75 45-66 Totals.. .. .. 599 479 587 100-00 100-00 100-00 The infant-mortality rate for the year 1931 is 111 per 1,000 registered births, as against 61 for 1930 and 70 for 1929. Hospital and Dispensary Statistics foe the Year ending 31st December, 1931. ... . Nationality of Hospitals. Dispensaries. In-patients. Is 13 i>r ~I _ Jig 8 I a j „• ! B slf I Stations. So-g — ft g a | 8? Z» O -in ™ 50 P <D H TJ Ph S ai ■— 1 O Q H I " c3 w ■tj EH 02 EH j Hco & (а) In hospital, 1st January, 1931 46 3 5j 2 56 Manono .. 453 {a) 6 27 19 4 (б) Admitted during year .. 1,356 180 45; 106 1,687 Salimu, Faga- 232 (b) 2461,055 368 18 loa Bay (c) Discharged during year .. 1,316 171 45 99 1,631 Matautu, Le- 128 (c) 2391,001 372 19 faga Falelima . . 476 (d) Died during year .. .. 47 10 5; 5 67 Mulifanua .. 1,998 (d) 7 52 6 2 Lotofaga .. 150 (e) Remaining in, 31st December, 39 2 .. .4 45 Vaisala .. 558 (e) 6 29 9 1 | (,;j | " Fagamalo .. 567 Satalo .. 88 Out-patients attendances, includ- 9,911 1,555 429 2,13518,680 ing hospitals and dispensaries Treatment for hookworm .. 550 364 9 316 1,239 Treatment for yaws (N.A.B. and 3,370 942 202 450 4,964 bicreol) Visits paid during year by V.M.O. 293 79 1 55 428 and N.M.P. Operations— Major 122 27 7 12 168 Minor .. • • • ■ 258 44 5 34 341 The Vaisala (Savai'i) dispensary was moved from Sataua in the June quarter, and that at Satalo (Upolu) was closed in the December quarter. Apia Hospital. There are no structural alterations to report. Admissions were 1,356, as against 1,148 in 1930.

Percentage of Deaths at Different Ayes to Total Deaths (Samoans). Number of Deaths. Percentage of Total Deaths. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1929. 1930. 1931. Under 1 week .. .. ■ • • • 23 25 17 3-84 5-22 2-89 From 1 week to 1 month .. •• 14 12 13 2-34 2-50 2-21 From 1 month to 3 months .. 19 13 14 3-17 2-72 2-39 From 3 months to 6 months .. .. 19 9 20 3-17 1-88 3-40 From 6 months to 12 months .. .. 23 31 89 3-84 6-47 15-17 From 1 vear to 2 years .. .. 96 18 42 16-03 3-76 7-16 From 2 years to 3 years .. .. 30 13 47 5-0] 2-72 8-00 From 3 years to 4 years .. .. ■■ 9 11 16 1-50 2-31 2-73 From 4 years to 5 years .. .. ■■ 13 17 15 2-17 3-54 2-56 From 5 years to 10 years .. .. 36 15 46 6-01 3-13 7-83 Over 10 years .. .. .. .. 317 315 268 52-92 65-75 45-66 Totals.. .. .. 599 479 587 100-00 100-00 100-00 The infant-mortality rate for the year 1931 is 111 per 1,000 registered births, as against 61 for 1930 and 70 for 1929. Hospital and Dispensary Statistics foe the Year ending 31st December, 1931. ... . Nationality of Hospitals. Dispensaries. In-patients. Is 13 i>r ~I _ Jig 8 I a j „• ! B slf I Stations. So-g — ft g a | 8? Z» O -in ™ 50 P <D H TJ Ph S ai ■— 1 O Q H I " c3 w ■tj EH 02 EH j Hco & (а) In hospital, 1st January, 1931 46 3 5j 2 56 Manono .. 453 {a) 6 27 19 4 (б) Admitted during year .. 1,356 180 45; 106 1,687 Salimu, Faga- 232 (b) 2461,055 368 18 loa Bay (c) Discharged during year .. 1,316 171 45 99 1,631 Matautu, Le- 128 (c) 2391,001 372 19 faga Falelima . . 476 (d) Died during year .. .. 47 10 5; 5 67 Mulifanua .. 1,998 (d) 7 52 6 2 Lotofaga .. 150 (e) Remaining in, 31st December, 39 2 .. .4 45 Vaisala .. 558 (e) 6 29 9 1 | (,;j | " Fagamalo .. 567 Satalo .. 88 Out-patients attendances, includ- 9,911 1,555 429 2,13518,680 ing hospitals and dispensaries Treatment for hookworm .. 550 364 9 316 1,239 Treatment for yaws (N.A.B. and 3,370 942 202 450 4,964 bicreol) Visits paid during year by V.M.O. 293 79 1 55 428 and N.M.P. Operations— Major 122 27 7 12 168 Minor .. • • • ■ 258 44 5 34 341 The Vaisala (Savai'i) dispensary was moved from Sataua in the June quarter, and that at Satalo (Upolu) was closed in the December quarter. Apia Hospital. There are no structural alterations to report. Admissions were 1,356, as against 1,148 in 1930.

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Apia Hospital: Attendance, Operations, &c.

Remaining in hospital, 31st December, 1931, 39. Operations : Major, 122 ; minor, 258. Apia Hospital: Report of the Laboratory, 1931. The total of routine specimens recorded is 1,243, a substantial increase upon those recorded for the previous year (883). The specimens comprise the following : — Faeces : Total specimens examined, 572. The examinations include those made for worms, ova, blood, bacteriological, and chemical. Urines : Total specimens examined, 318. The examinations include those made for chemistry, bacteriological, pathological, &c. Sputa : Total specimens examined, 67. Examinations include microscopical and cultural. Blood : Total specimens examined, 176. Examinations include those made for filaria, cell counts, widals, blood cultures, &c. Miscellaneous swabs, including throat-swabs and specimens of pus, totalled 18. Puncture fluids, bacteriological and cytology ; a total of 7. Venereal examinations : Total specimens examined, 29. Leprosy sections : Total specimens examined, 7. Vaccines prepared : A total of 3. Ringworm examinations (hairs) : A total of 2. Police examinations : Bacteriological, 1. Glands from theatre : Filarial examinations, 2. Gastric analysis: Chemical, 1 ; bacteriological, 1. Milk and water analysis : Chemical and bacteriological analyses, 2. Alcohol analysis of beer, spirits, &c. : Analyses, 35. General simple analyses : 2. Apia Hospital : Report of the X-ray Department, 1931. X-ray examinations, 22 ; assorted films taken, 34 ; screenings, 10 ; barium meals, 0. EDUCATION DEPARTMENT. The general scheme of progressive education is as follows : — Administration Grade. I Schools ( Village, Pastor, or Catechist Schools —Missions). Schools. (Nil) London Methodist Seventh Day Latter Day Roman Mission (80) Adventist Saints Catholic (175) I (Nil) (20) (71) i I I ! I Grade II Schools (Missions and Administration). Village [ | Sisters' schools j Training school (32) (3) (1) I I Vaipouli Malifa Intermediate I Avele Resident Resident Resident Resident Resident I colleges colleges colleges colleges colleges Ifi Ifi (European). (3). (4) (2).(2) (10) F I II Day schools Day schools Special day (2).(2). schools (all grades) (4).

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Admissions, 1931. Deaths. m . I gq co d m 1 d S » . -S 9 » ! . 4 0Sh<DO 2 1 .a ā $ 8 § ! .g £ j [H 02 O S H H «2 : Q S H Remaining in hospital, 31st December, 6 17 19 j 4 | 46 1 ■ ■ 1 ■ • 2 1930 1 1931. Alimentary system .. .. .. 39 65 7 .. Ill 1 4 .. .. 5 Circulatory system .. .. 10 22 6 1 39 1 6 1 1 9 Genitourinary system .. 39 61 6 1 107 .. 1 1 Nervous system .. .. .. 1 6 7 .. 14 .. 2 .. .. 2 Respiratory system .. .. .. 15 104 25 .. 144 .. 5 2 .. 7 Skin and subcutaneous tissues .. 21 14 40 .. 75 Supporting structures .. .. 33 117 173 8 331 .. .. 1 ■ • 1 Special sense organs .. .. 2 19 3 4 28 Infectious diseases .. .. .. 79 275 82 2 438 3 13 1 1 18 General .. .. .. .. 6 30 15 1 52 1 1 2 Parasites .. .. .. .. .. 6 .. 1 7 Tumours . . .. . . .. 1 5 4 .. 10 Totals .. .. ..246 724 | 368 I 18 1,356 7 32 6 2 47

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Mission Schools. The work of education is carried on largely by the missions, and it is consistent with the interests of the natives that it should remain so. The organization of mission schools is as follows Grade I (Pastor or Gatechist) Schools (for boys and girls).—These are the village schools taught by the native pastors or catechists, who are supplied by the missions concerned, but the majority of whom receive regular courses of instruction from the Administration. Girls' Schools (Resident) .—The girls of these schools are prepared for the higher standard of village life. The majority marry soon after leaving school, and in this way the whole of the Samoan life is being influenced. Their Christian education is specially stressed. Boys' Schools (Resident).— These can be regarded as colleges where the boys are prepared for useful work in the missions as pastors or teachers, or as artisans. Girls' Schools (Day). —These schools are found in the larger centres, and meet the needs of pupils desiring further education. Music, sewing, typewriting, and shorthand form a special part of the syllabus of instruction in some schools. Marist Brothers' Boys' School (Day). —This school has been established in Apia for fifty years. It is a primary school, admitting boys of any denomination, and preparing them for the New Zealand Proficiency Examination and the commercial houses of Apia. The Grade II schools (which are partly Administration and partly mission) and the schools conducted entirely by the Administration are dealt with later. The vast majority of teachers in mission schools are Samoans, but the services of Europeans are also utilized, especially in the resident colleges and day schools. At all purely mission schools the teachers are provided by the mission concerned. In the following table relating to purely mission schools the attendance figures for the more elementary schools are approximate.

In mission schools children attend from the age of three years (village schools) to_ the age of thirty years (colleges). Numbers in Government and Grade II schools are included in mission totals owing to pupils also attending mission schools for religious instruction. Grade II Schools— Schoolhouses and sites are arranged for by the respective missions, whilst the Administration is responsible for the supervision, training, and payment of teachers. As these schools have been established to meet the needs of village life, the curriculum is arranged accordingly, instruction being in the vernacular j a limited amount of English is taught. Excluding the Government (now intermediate) school at Malifa, there are now 36 of these schools—32 London Missionary Society, 3 Methodist Mission, and 1 Seventh Day Adventist Mission. Roll numbers have been—3lst March, 1931, 2,522 ; 30th June, 1931, 2,491 ; 30th September, 1931, 2,650 ; 31st December, 1931, 3,034-; 31st March, 1932, 2,754. Administration Schools. —Towards the close of the year it was decided, as a practicable measure of economy, that three European teachers returning to New Zealand the headmasters at Malifa and Avele, and an assistant at Ifi Ifi —should not be replaced. The positions of the Malifa and Avele schools were reversed, Avele, near Vailima, becoming the senior school, Malifa absorbing the intermediate grades, and also retaining the few senior Malifa girls. Both schools were placed in charge of native teachers directly under the Superintendent, who devotes considerable time to the class-work of the teachers in each. These changes have not diminished activities, and were made the more easily possible owing to the proximity of the schools and to the amount of teacher-training carried out for years past. The Vaipouli School, Savai'i, has functioned without change. Ifi Ifi School (for Europeans) : Upon the reduction of one in the New Zealand staff greater responsibility was given the locally trained teachers, who have taken charge of the infant department. "in the"'New Zealand Proficiency Examination the following results were obtained :—

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Totals. _ . „ „ . , . j. , Colleges, Colleges, Special Special 5 Pastors and Catechlsts Boys', Girls', Day Schools, Day Schools, ô .,, Schools, Villages. Besident. Resident. Boys'. Girls'. £ Attendance. O " Missions. ___ — r \ ; •a Boys. Girls. Total. B In s!§ s|§ S Sa S Boys- CMs. 3 * 3 s P £ ~Si £ London Missionary 175 4,370 3,278 7,648 2 190 1 150 178 4,560 3,428 Roroaifcatholic .. 71 1,200 1,351 2,551 2 115 8 299 1 365 3 425 85 1,880 2,075 Methodist .. 80 872 1,308 2,180 3 90 1 60 2 50 .. .. 86 1,012 1,368 Latter Day Saints.. 20 299 230 529 1 47 1 60 1 43 1 39 24 389 329 Seventh Day Ad- 1 39 1 12 •• •• 2_ 39 12 346 6,741 6,167 12,908 9 481 12 581 4 458 4 464 375 7,680 7,212

„ , , _ t, e • Certificates of Candidates presented. Pass Proficiency. Competency. Ifi Ifi 14 9 3 Marist Brothers ...... 12 4 3 Malifa (Samoans) ...... 23 11 8

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9

Average Attendances at Government Schools during the Year ended 31st March, 1932.

JUSTICE DEPARTMENT. The conditions relating to the work of the .Department dnring the year proved to be quite normal, and the difficulties which were being experienced several years ago have disappeared entirely. The High Court holds frequent sittings in Apia as circumstances require, and, in addition, the Chief Judge held two sessions of the High Court in Savai'i. There was one murder charge, resulting in a Chinese labourer being sentenced to death, but this was commuted to life imprisonment. Civil actions filed during the year numbered 241 ; judgments being recorded in 192 cases —49 being either struck out or withdrawn. Particulars of the criminal cases are given in the- tables hereunder, which show there has been a substantial decrease in the number of offences reported —a reduction from 1,478 to 987. One notary public was enrolled under the Samoa Notaries Order, 1931.

Criminal Offences in the Period 1st April, 1931, to 31st March, 1932. Cases heard at Apia before the Chief Judge or Judge of the High Court, at Mulinu'u before the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of Native Affairs as Commissioners of the High Court, and in Savai'i before the Chief Judge (eighty cases), or the Resident Commissioner as a Commissioner of the High Court.

2—A. 4.

t, . Tfi Tfi | Malifa Vaipouli Malifa Avele Tnt«i« uate ' m in - ! (Senior). (Boys only). Intermediate, (Boys only). lotais. 31st March, 1931 .. .. 216 82 52 390 92 832 30th June, 1931 .. 211 80 45 391 90 817 30th September, 1931 .. .. 1 2!3 79 49 407 85 833 31st December, 1931 .. .. ; 213 * 55 522+ 90+ 880 31st March, 1932 .. 218 .. 54 460 70 800 * Transferred to Avele. f Increased by transfer of Avele Intermediate. J Senior boys from Malifa.

1930-31 1931-32. „ • i Number convicted in Offences withdrawn or dismissed „5 Offences. High Court. by High Court. g g o o S t« 3 — ——■— * ~~ £ £3 p, W P, 3 © g | O £ O g 3 Apia. Mulinu'u. Savai'i. Apia. Mulinu'u. Savai'i. w Misleading justice— M. f. m. F. m. I r. m. f. m. f. m. ; f. Escape from lawful custody 14 11 8 8 ■ • • • 3 Contempt of Court 425 61 61 37 4 .... .14 .. 4 2 .... 364 Offences against morality— Adultery .. .. 12 5 5 4 1 j 7 Abduction, carnally to know 15 7 7 6 1 •• •• 8 Carnal knowledge .. 3 1 1 1 ■ • 2 Offences against the person— Assault, common .. 98 92 92 52 21 1 17 1 6 Assault, indecent .. 7 6 6 1 5 1 Assault, causing actual 10 6 6 4 1 1 • • • • 4 bodily barm Assault, causing grievous 9 2 2 1 1 7 bodily harm Rape .. .. .. 2 1 1 1 1 Murder .. . . 1 1 1 1 Threatening to kill .. ! 1 Manslaughter .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Attempted suicide .. 1 1 i •• 1 Insulting words .. 1 . . .. 1 Bigamy .. .. 1 j } Administering dangerous 3 j | 3 drugs Buggery .. .. .. 1 1 1 1 Offences against property rights— Burglary .. .. 11 16 9 9 .. j • • ,r > Thefts from dwellings .. 2 1 1 ■ • 1 • ■ • • 1 Theft.. .. .. 107 170 154 127 5 .. .. 8 .. 14 .. 63 .. Trespass .. .. 16 36 36 30 1 .. .. 4 .. 1 20 Trespassing cattle .. 1 1 I 1 ■ ■ i Wilful mischief.. . . 6 59 51 35 .. .. .. 2 2 15 j .. 53 .. Forgery and uttering .. 2 1 1 .. .. j 1 i ■ • • ■ ' Receiving stolen property 5 5 5 2 1 2 ! Unlawfully in dwelling- 3 3 3 1 .. 2 i house at night Police offences — Threatening behaviour .. 1 6 6 4 2 .. 5 Insulting language .. 3 1 1 I Provoking breach of the 8 10 10 .. .. 8 2 •• 2 peace Disorderly conduct .. 43 27 27 7 9 7 4 . ■ • • 16 Drunkenness .. .. 12 5 5 4 .. i j ■ • I ' Throwing stones .. 3 II 11 5 •• 5 1 i •. 8

A.—4.

Criminal Offences in the Period 1st April, 1931, to 31st March, 1932 —continued.

10

1930-31 1931-32. Number convicted in Offences withdrawn or dismissed 6 ® Offences. £S High Court. by High Court. % § S o 0. o £ a n Sg< wg. J g I _ g s ° ss Apia. Mulinu'u. Savai'i. Apia, Mulinu'u. Savai'i. M fi Police offences—continued m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. Insulting language to .. 2 2 2 2 officials Unlawfully converting 4 2 2 1 1 2 animals or vehicles to own use Resisting the police .. .. 2 2 2 2 Cruelty to animals .. 9 8 7 5 1.. 1 1 Vagrancy .. .. • • 10 10 8 2 10 Indecent acts .. .. 1 4 4 1 3 3 Wandering animals .. 1 2 2 1 1 1 Affrays .. ■. - • 17 17 13 1 2 1 .. 17 Obstructing the police .. 6 6 Failing to clean roadside .. 1 1 1 I Witchcraft .. .. •• 2 2 2 2 Miscellaneous .. .. 9 9.. .. 3.. 4 2 2.. Dangerous drugs offences — Smuggling opium .. 1 3 3 3 2 Possession of opium . . 1 3 3 3 2 Possession of opium-smok- .. 3 3 3 3 ing utensils On premises w here opium .. 3 3 1 2 3 being smoked Liquor offences — Supplying liquor to natives Manufacturing liquor .. 1 1 Liquor found on premises 9 3 3 .. I 2 6 Possessing liquor .. 17 1 1 1 .. ..'I 16 Unlawful importation .. 1 .. .. Selling liquor .. .. 1 1 Samoans consuming liquor 4 4 Consuming methylated .. 1 1 1 1 spirits Smuggling liquor .. .. 1 1 1 1 Arms Ordinance, breaches of 30 4 4 1 3 26 Traffic breaches — Dangerous driving .. 13 14 14 14 1 Negligent driving .. .. 2 2 1 1 2 Driving without lights .. 38 9 9 9 29 Drunk in charge of car .. 3 4 4 4 1 Furious riding .. .. 1 2 2 2 1 Dangerously riding horses 4 1 1 1 3 Minor traffic breaches .. 135 192 192 164 9 .. .. 5 .. 14 59 Miscellaneous — Failure to pay personal .. 25 25 .. .. 16 .. 9 25 taxes Dog Registration Ordinance .. 7 7 5 2 7 Immigration Ordinance .. 3 5 5 5 2 Harbour Regulations .. 1 1 1 1 Surveyors Ordinance .. 1 .. . . 1 Maintenance of Authority 286 62 62 32 .. 19 11 224 in Native Affairs Ordinance Intimidation Ordinance .. 2 2 2 2 Native Market Ordinance 2 .. .. 2 Overseas Permits Ordinance 7 7 7 7 Seditious Organizations 44 4 4 1 3 .. .. 40 Regulations Native Titles Protection 3 11 11 1 .. 9 .. 1 8 Order Unlawfully collecting money 15 2 2 2 13 Section 240, Samoa Act .. .. 1 1 1 1 Native Regulations Order .. 2 2 2 2 Boat Traffic Ordinance .. .. 1 1 1 1 General Laws Ordinance.. .. 2 2 1 1 2 Casting offensive matter on .. 2 2 2 2 roadway Exposing indecent docu- .. 1 1 .. 1 1 ments Totals .. .. 1,478 987 955 624 35 47 .. 114 7 106 9 2 .. 11 .. 323 814 Net decrease .. .. .. .. ! 491

A.—4,

POLICE AND PRISONS DEPARTMENT. Establishment. Reductions in the European personnel have been continued throughout the year. On 31st March, 1931, the European strength in all ranks was thirty-seven, on 31st December, 1931, it was thirty, and on 31st March, 1932, it was twenty-two. The Native Police Force, including warders (but excluding messengers and clerks), numbered thirty-eight at the end of the year. The six posts in outer districts have functioned normally ; the mobile patrol mentioned in the report of last year was discontinued as from the end of November, 1930. Prisons. On Ist April, 1931, the total number of prisoners in gaol was 98. During the year 412 prisoners were received and 431 discharged, leaving 79 in custody at the end of March, 1932. The number of mental patients on 31st March, 1932, was seven. General. There has been a general decline in criminal offences, which may be classified approximately as follows : — 1930-31. 1931-32. Serious crimes .. .. .. .. • • ■ • 179 134 Breaches of measures affecting native affairs . . . . . . 770 129 Lesser offences .. .. .. •. ■ • • ■ 529 724 1,478 987 The principal increases have been —theft and trespass, largely in connection with removals of foodstuffs from plantations ; wilful mischief connected also with removal of beef from plantations ; and affrays, being domestic quarrels in villages. Police activities have been facilitated by the passing of the Road Traffic Ordinance, 1931, the Shopping Hours Ordinance, 1931, and the General Laws Ordinance, 1931, all being revised consolidations of previously existing law. The warrants held for execution on 31st March, 1931, were : for arrest, 153 ; for commitment, 86 ; and on 31st March, 1932, the numbers were 97 and 55 respectively. There were 310 licensed motor-vehicles in the Territory at the end of the year. CUSTOMS AND MARINE DEPARTMENT. Trade Statistics. There was a sharp decline in the trade of the Territory in 1931, the total trade for the calendar year having been £359,397, as compared with an average of £635,491 over the preceding five years, in the following table imports and exports are set out by quarters : —

The fluctuation in quarterly figures is caused by non-regular arrivals and departures of overseas vessels.

11

Exports. I Total Bananas. Other. Imports. Trade. _ Total Value. Tons. Value. Tons. Value. Cases. Value. Value. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ 31st March, 1931 .. 2,739 26,557 170 8,897 18,736 8,601 2,369 46,484 41,445 87,929 30th June, 1931 .. 2,355 24,218 157 8,107 6,630 3,067 6,535* 41,927 47,216 89,143 30th September, 1931 2,060 19,900 20 1,362 20,224 9,114 l,153f 31,529 34,410 65,939 31st December, 1931 3,908 38,545 273 16,918 39,641 18,180 864 74,507 41,879 116,386 31st March, 1932 .. 2,475 24,654 158 10,079 13,758 4,127 964 39,824 33,194 73,018 Totals for calendar year 12,285 166,221 1,007 61,294 95,867 44,259 12,741 284,515 275,355 559,870 1930 Totals for calendar year 11,062 109,220 620 35,284 85,231 39,022 10,921 194,447 164,950 359,397 1931 * Includes specie (silver coin), £5,100. t Includes specie (silver coin), £100.

A.—4,

Imports. The following table shows the countries whence goods were imported, the effect of adverse foreign exchange in the latter part of the year 1931 being noticeable: —

The principal decreases as compared with 1930 were : Drapery, £17,608 ; meat in tins, £13,671 ; fish, preserved, £6,827 ; benzine and gasoline, £5,377 ; flour, £3,873 ; biscuits, £3,670 ; sugar, £3,168 ; soap, £2,493 ; meat in kegs, £1,814 ; hardware, £1,487 ; kerosene, £1,217 ; fancy goods, £1,211 ; boots and shoes, £1,143 ; paper and stationery, £1,031 ; jams, jellies, and preserves. £997 ; confectionery, £980. The majority of these are staple lines of native trade, and the decrease in them, which averages 45 per cent., illustrates the extent to which the Samoans have reverted to consumption of their own products. Exports. Copra.—The estimated production by Samoans during 1931 was 7,644 tons. Rubber.—Export amounted to only 41 tons, valued at £1,140, during the early part of 1931, as compared with. 101 tons, valued at £6,461, during 1930. Production has ceased owing to prevailing low values. Re-exports.—These amounted to £9,023 during 1931, as compared with £5,244 in 1930, the increase being accounted for by authorized shipments of £5,000 and £200 specie (silver coin) to New Zealand and Niue Island respectively. Further details relative to trade are given in " Trade, Commerce, and Shipping of the Territory of Western Samoa for the Calendar Year 1931," and in the graphs forming Appendix B to this report.

Revenue. The total receipts at the Customhouse, Apia, for the financial years ended 31st March, 1931 and 1932 respectively, are shown in the following :—

12

1930. 1931. Countries. r < — Value. ! Percentage, Value. ■ Percentage. £ £ United Kingdom .. .. .. 47,183 17-1 29,286 17-8 New Zealand .. .. .. .. 81,388 29-6 56,450 34-2 Australia .. .. .. .. 58,653 21-3 35,468 21-5 United States of America .. .. 54,369 19-7 23,805 14-4 Other countries .. .. .. .. 33,762 12-3 19,941 12-1 Totals .. .. .. .. 275,355 j 100-0 | 164,950 100-0

I ( 1930-31. 1931-32. i Increase. Decrease. : ; I J I . ' £ £ £ £ Import duties .. .. .. .. 45,661 27,194 .. 18,467 Export duties— Copra .. .. .. .. .. 18,470 16,200 Cacao .. .. .. .. .. 1,701 1,220 Rubber .. .. .. .. 908 Beche-de-mer .. .. .. .. .. 14 Bananas .. .. .. .. 384* 10,032* 21,463 27,466 6,003* Shipping fees .. .. .. .. 2,644 2,234 .. 410 Leases, wharfages, &c. .. .. .. 1,811 1,152 .. 659 Taxes .. .. .. .. .. 10,627 9,174 .. 1,453 Miscellaneous, including sale of medicinal liquor 6,010 7,305 1,295 Total receipts .. .. .. 88,216 74,525 7,298 20,989 7,298 Net decrease .. .. .. .. .. .. 13,691 * Of this revenue of 2s. 6d. per case the whole to 31st December, 1931, and 2s. 3d. per case since 1st January, 1932, has been applied to the assistance of the Administration export scheme.

A.—4

On Ist January, 1932, import duties were increased by the addition of 2| per cent, ad valorem on all goods subject to this class of duty, and other specific increases were made as set out in the Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment' Order, 1931. On the same date the Port and Customs Service tax was increased from 2| per cent, to 5 per cent, ad valorem.. By the Revenue Amendment Ordinance, 1931, increases were made in fees payable by overseas shipping.

Shipping. Overseas Merchant Shipping entering Port of Apia (all Steam).

Also in addition to the above (1931-32) : 4 British warships, 2 British yachts, 1 Chilean trainingship, 2 United States of America yachts. The increase in the number of vessels, in contrast with that of the tonnage, is due to an increase in voyages of small vessels between American and Western Samoa. At the end of the year the t.s.s. " Tofua," a vessel maintaining four-weekly communication with Auckland, Suva, and Tonga, was withdrawn from service and replaced by the s.s. " Waipahi," a smaller cargo steamer. The other shipping communications (apart from non-regular overseas cargo vessels) are four-weekly by the New Zealand Government motorship " Maui Pomare " with New Zealand and Niue Island, and three-weekly connection at Pago Pago (American Samoa) with Matson line vessels to Suva, New Zealand, Sydney, and the United States.

Taxes. The following amounts under the different headings were collected during the financial year 1931-32, including also payments made to the Resident Commissioner, Savai'i, and to District Officers at police posts : —

Revenue from Taxes, Licenses, &c.

Harbour Section. No damage of any kind has been caused to any vessel while in the port during the year. On one occasion it was necessary for a vessel to put to sea owing to heavy weather in January, 1932. Surveys. —All local coasting-vessels have been surveyed when due, breakdowns at sea have occurred from time to time, but no serious accident has taken place. Lights.—These are all in good condition and working well, and the new light established on Cape Horn Reef in Apia Harbour has proved especially useful. Floating Plant. —The two launches have required considerable attention. Water lighter and pump are in good order.

13

Financial Year ended 31st March, 1931. 31st March, 1932. British. ! Other. Total. British. Other. Total. Number of vessels .. .. • • 91 27 118 86 51 137 Tonnase vessels .. .. 69,424 52,680 122,104 65,684 34,027 99,711 Tons cargo, inwards .. .. 9,911 5,457 15,368 7,517 1,980 9,497 Tons cargo, outwards .. .. •• 13,254 9,714 22,968 8,150 11,430 19,580

1930-31. 1931-32. ' Increase. Decrease. £ £ £ £ (a) Personal tax .. .. •• 1,003 838 .. 165 (b) Lighter-tax .. .. • • 63 58 . i 5 (c) Boat and launch licenses . . 64 54 . . 10 (d) Building-tax .. . . • • 2,525 2,425 .. 100 (e) Store-tax .. .. •• 3,402 3,473 71 (f) Copra-house tax .. ■ • 343 358 15 (g) Salary-tax .. .. • • 649 518 .. 131 (h) Other licenses .. .. 1,357 1,154 .. 203 (i) Water rates . • ■ • ■ 1 > 546 1,450 .. 96 Totals .. 10,952 10,328 86 710 Less .. .. - • • • • • • ■ 8® Net decrease .. . • • • ■ • 624

A.—4.

Moorings had their annual overhaul in September, and are in good order. Channels and Passages. — The channels and passages round Savai'i have had attention, some amount of blasting having been done and marking-pins renewed. Lighterage. —The lighterage Ordinance, 1931, codified the conditions which, had obtained for some years past, and pursuant to its provisions a license was granted to the Apia Stevedoring Co., Ltd., for a term of six years after expiry of their present agreement on 31st May, 1932. Since Ist September the Harbour Department has been conducted on a contract basis between the Administration and the Harbourmaster ; the service has operated with complete smoothness and satisfaction. LABOUR DEPARTMENT. Depressed values for Native produce have made Samoan labour available more consistently and less expensively than hitherto, and, in consequence of this and of the depression itself, there has been a further decrease in the employment of Chinese. An example of this is given in the following particulars of labour employed by the New Zealand Reparation Estates (the largest employers of labour), which indicate the position generally : — January, January, 1931. 1932. Samoans .. .. .. . . • • 182 245 Chinese .. . . .. • ■ • ■ 366 206 Total 548 451 On the Ist April, 1931, there were 917 Chinese labourers in the Territory. In September 404 returned to China by the s.s. " Apoey," and 207 new men arrived by the same vessel. There were 8 deaths during the year, and the total number in the Territory on 31st March, 1932, was 712. There were 121 Melanesian labourers in Samoa at 31st March, 2 having died during the year, and 13 having been returned to their homes. The conduct of labourers has been good. Towards the end of the year a law of 1918 placing restrictions upon intercourse between Samoans and Chinese labourers was re-enacted in the Overseas Labourers Control Ordinance, 1931. In view of the continuing decrease in the numbers of overseas labourers, a general reduction in the Department was effected as from the end of 1931. The Commissioner of Labour was retired after some sixteen years of very commendable service, and his post filled by the Crown Solicitor as an addition to existing duties. Part of the clerical work is carried out similarly by part-time services from another Department, and the only full-time staff now in this Department are the Chinese interpreter and messenger. The number of visits made by labourers to the Commissioner's office on various affairs during the year 1931-32 amounted to 4,878. POSTAL AND RADIO DEPARTMENT. In August, 1931, there was a reduction from five to four in the European staff of the Postal Department, and early in February, 1932, these two communications Departments were combined under the Radio Superintendent, enabling the Postmaster to return to the New Zealand Service. An additional radio trainee was appointed. Quicker despatch is given to the handling of mails as the Radio staff assist on overseas mail days. The post-office was moved into the new building in November. Radio. Net receipts on radio —telegraphic business during the year amounted to £2,463, the number of messages handled being 11,642. The four out-stations and one in the Union Group have given satisfactory service, and, although charges are only 2d. per word, are self-supporting. The privately owned broadcasting station at Apia has been taken over by a local corporation and thirty listeners are licensed within the Territory. Postal. There has been a decrease generally in all transactions, with the exception of sales of stamps, which reflect the increased postage rates effective from Ist March, 1931. There is a further decrease in savings-bank deposits, but not to the extent of that of the preceding year.

Money-orders.

14

, . , I „ „ n . A Postal Notes and British Postal Money-orders issued. Money-orders paid. Orders. Year. — j Number. Commission. Amount. Number. Amount. Issued. Paid. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1931-32 .. .. 1,580 214 11 1 14,997 19 1 239 1,191 4 10 1,529 9 0 66 10 9 1930-31 .. .. 2,020 644 8 0 j 25,860 3 10 242 1,781 8 9 1,178 14 8 126 8 9 I I

A.—4

Savings-bank.

LANDS AND SURVEY DEPARTMENT. The activities of this Department during the year have been confined to the carrying-out of routine requirements only. In field-work the principal matters of interest were investigations in conjunction with Public Works Officers of the water-supply for Sataoa, in Safata, and in conjunction with the Acting Chief Medical Officer of numerous private burial-grounds in the vicinity of Apia preparatory to the issue of the Board of Health Regulations as to burials contained in Western Samoa Gazette No. 71. Lithos were made showing the political subdivisions of Upolu and Savai'i in detail. By the Fugalei Street and Building Alignment Ordinance Amendment Ordinance, 1931, the boundaries of one of the earliest roads in Upolu were brought into conformity with present use. The work of tliis Department is now performed by a staff consisting of one qualified surveyor, a field assistant, and a Samoan draughtsman. PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. The programme of public works has been below average owing to the financial conditions. Roads. Some 165 chains of re-forming and metalling have been laid. The main coastal roads have been reconstructed in some parts and maintained generally. Owing to heavy motor-bus traffic over poor foundations, maintenance of these roads, where not bitumensurfaced, is expensive. In Savai'i motor traffic has been introduced, and the road from Tuasivi to Safotulafai has been repaired. Buildings. The two-storied Post Office building, in ferro-concrete, including residence and telephone exchange, was completed and occupied in December, 1931. The new building was constructed by local labour to a local design, and is one of the foremost buildings of Apia. It was completed at the estimated cost of approximately £5,500. For the observatory at Mulinu'u a new hut for the spectro-helioscope, in wood, with concrete foundations for instruments, was erected. Repairs and renovations have been effected. Bridges. Repairs to bridges have been carried out as required. Water-supplies. The Apia system has been maintained. The supply for the village of Sataoa, in Safata, was completed. Hydro-electric Branch. The power station has operated satisfactorily throughout the year. This service is self-supporting, and the benefits of electric light, which are accentuated in the tropics, are now enjoyed in almost every residence and in numbers of Native fales in and near Apia.

15

— j • j ® © 0« interest Amount at Credit Yeax. §g oS Deposits. Withdrawals. of Depositors Invested. In Hand. o g"g g s, gS cnuitea. at End of Year. §ft« -<° ! j 0 ,! £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. . £ s. d. 1931-32 184 168 22,672 5 4 26,298 2 3 1,318 16 9 34,927 10 7 34,638 14 8 288 15 11 1,500 1930-31 243 213 28,499 18 6 38,579 5 2 1,462 6 7 37,234 10 9 37,213 12 8 20 18 1 1,484 Other Receipts. j I For New Zealand Year, i Stamp Sales. Radio Fees. > TelephoneReceipts. Private Boxes. | Government Miscellaneous. | Departments. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1931-32 1,119 16 6 2,463 0 0 1,205 4 4 85 16 0 2,909 18 0 75 0 7 1930-31 1,083 11 7 688 14 0* 1,241 1 11 120 19 2 4,146 0 11 7 18 0 * Figure for 1931-32 is total of net radio receipts; that for 1930-31 is total amount received at Post Office only.

A.—4,

APIA OBSERVATORY. (Note. —The Observatory is a branch in Western Samoa of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research of New Zealand. It became the property of the Government of New Zealand under the New Zealand Reparation Estates Order, 1920. In view of the wide interest in the activities of the Observatory and the peculiar value of its observations, a report by the Director is included here for general information.) The programme of work in terrestrial magnetism, atmospheric electricity, seismology, and meteorology has been generally maintained during the year 1931-32 as in former years. Terrestrial Magnetism. Absolute observations of the earth's magnetic field were obtained regularly with the Tesdorpf magnetometer and the Schulze earth-inductor, and continuous records of declination and horizontal intensity were given by the Eschenhagen variometers. The variometer for vertical force remained out of action throughout the year, and the autographic records were interrupted in March, 1932, by a break-down of the driving-clocks. A few experiments were made with stereograms as a means of representing terrestrial magnetic changes. With the exception of March, 1932, the year as a whole was free from magnetic disturbance. Seismology. The seismographs are of Wiechert design. Both the horizontal and the vertical instruments were out of action for a time during the year pending the arrival of new parts from Germany. The parts were eventually received, but the larger instrument still showed a certain amount of stiffness and defect of balance. The following analysis shows the character of the records of earthquakes obtained during the year Ist April, 1931, to 31st March, 1932 : Total number of shocks registered, 122. Of these, 10, or 8-2 per cent., were felt by residents in and around Apia. The epicentres of the most prominent earthquakes have been determined, and are located as follows : Solomon Group, 7 ; near New Hebrides Group, 2 ; between Samoa and Fiji Groups, 1. None of these latter was felt by persons resident in Samoa. Of the total number of shocks registered, 80 originated within 9 degrees of Apia, 65-6 per cent.; 17 originated from greater distances than 9 degrees, 13-9 per cent. ; 25 originated from indeterminate distances, 20-5 per cent. Meteorology. The work in meteorology included surface observations twice a day as in previous years and some measurements of upper winds from time to time using pilot balloons. The hygrograph did not function very well in spite of its being fitted with new hairs. Lieutenant Warrand, of H.M.S. " Veronica," kindly undertook the inspection of the stations in the Union Islands on behalf of the Observatory during the visit of His Excellency the Administrator. A weather diary was commenced to supplement the observations at fixed hours at the Observatory, and a trial was made of Bergeron's method of measuring visibility. In the autographic records of pressure millimetres were discarded in favour of millibars. Preliminary mean values of meteorological elements for the year 1931 are as follows : —

There were three tropical cyclones in the vicinity of the islands during the wet season. On 18th January, 1932, a cyclone passed over the Tonga Islands ; on 6th February, 1932, a cyclone occurred near the Tonga Islands which ultimately developed into a storm covering a wide area to the south of these islands ; and on 12th March, 1932, a cyclone passed over the Tonga Islands having previously developed northward of Samoa.

16

Month. Pressure. Temperature. Rainfall. Humidity. Sunshine, j Wind. Per Cent. Miles per In. °F. ! In. (9 a.m.) Hours. Hour. January .. .. 29-709 80-2 17'20 84 159-8 5-4 February .. .. 29-689 80-1 19-97 83 126-9 3-2 March .. .. 29-823 80-4 10-47 81 164-5 3-6 April .. .. 29-823 79-7 15-94 78 205-4 4-6 May.. .. .. 29-858 79-3 13-90 81 161-3 4-4 June .. .. 29-882 78-1 10-87 79 195-7 4-9 July .. .. 29-898 78-4 3-90 74 259-2 5-6 August .. .. 29-862 78-8 2-00 77 219-1 5-3 September .. .. 29-882 79-0 5-48 77 216-2 4-5 October .. .. 29-851 78-6 8-34 74 227-7 3-4 November .. .. 29-795 79-0 5-82 74 234-6 3-5 December .. .. 29-793 78-6 j 8-98 76 177-0 2-9 Mean or total .. 29-822 j 79-2 | 122-87 78 2,347-4 4-3

A.—4

Storm Warnings. Daily reports of weather were prepared as in former years for inclusion in the broadcast from Apia Radio Station. During the hurricane season, November to April, these reports go out twice a day, and they include reports of weather from the various groups of Southern Pacific islands. Time Service. The standard clock (by Strasser and Rohde) continued to give satisfactory service. It was checked at intervals by means of wireless time-signals from Annapolis, United States of America, and by transit observations of the sun. Atmospheric Electricity. The potential of the air has been registered by Benndorf self-recording electrometers at two stations as in previous years, one in the lagoon and one in the grounds of the Observatory. The necessary financial support for this work was given by the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The Public Works Department erected a platform in the lagoon for the purpose of making absolute observations using a raft carrying a stretched wire. A new hut was erected to house the spectro-helioscope which the Observatory has received on loan from Mount Wilson Observatory. The Director visited the observatories and headquarters of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in New Zealand in August and also the meteorological stations in Fiji and Tonga. FINANCE. It will be noted from the statement of revenue and expenditure that the expenditure for the year exceeded the revenue by £19,896. This deficiency occurred during the first half of the year, considerable economy being effected during the year which did not become operative until the latter part of the financial year. The deficiency, however, was covered by £20,042 available balance held at the commencement of the year. An endeavour is now being made to keep expenditure within the revenue, and, in the absence of any unforeseen contingency, it is anticipated that this should be possible for the future. The statement hereunder shows the amount of revenue and expenditure for the financial year ended 31st March, 1932, together with the corresponding figures for the previous year : —

Revenue.

(а) The decrease under Native taxes is due to the reduction in amount of personal taxes collected. (б) The decrease under Customs, &c., is due partly to a falling-off in trade and partly to traders' policy during the year of non-importation in order to reduce stocks in view of the falling tendency of prices. (c) The decrease under fees and charges is due to reduction in hospital fees received. (d) The decrease under Post Office and Savings-bank is due to a general shrinkage in business transacted and particularly to loss of interest on Savings-bank investments owing to depositors withdrawing their savings during the year. (e) The increase in radio revenue is apparent only, as the adjustment payments to other stations is included under expenditure for 1931-32, whereas the amount was deducted from revenue for 1930-31. The amount paid for 1931-32 is £2,306, leaving a net revenue of £2,486 for 1931-32 as against £3,524- for 1930-31.

3—A. 4,

17

Head of Revenue. 1930-31. 1931-32. £ £ 1. Native taxes .. .. .. ■■ •• •• 1,837 1,429 2. Customs, harbour, and taxes .. .. .. .. . 82,968 68,419 3. Fees and charges (hospital, Court, traffic, &c.) .. .. 12,184 11,338 4. Post Office and Savings-bank .. .. .. .. 4,760 4,409 5. Radio-station .. .. .. ■■ •• •• 3,524 4,792 6. Miscellaneous (rents, interest, &c.) .. .. .. .. 12,308 13,464 7. Engineering and transport .. .. .. .. .. 12,804 8. Public-works hydro-electric .. .. .. .. 5,189 130,385 109,040 Subsidy from New Zealand Government .. .. .. 21,000 Total receipts .. .. .. .. 151,385 109,040

A.—4,

(/) The Engineering and Transport Department ceased to exist at the end of 1930-31, the hydroelectric scheme being taken over by the Public Works Department. The amount shown for 1930-31 under Engineering and Transport Department includes sales of capital assets.

Expenditure.

Salaries of all European officers were reduced by 10 per cent, from the Ist April, 1931, and the salaries of the Samoan staff were similarly reduced from the Ist January, 1932. This reduction is reflected in all departmental expenditure for 1931-32. Eor the purposes of comparison the grouping of the various items of expenditure for 1931-32 is the same as for the previous year, but owing to a later rearrangement of these items the totals of the individual heads of expenditure as given above differ from the figures appearing in the printed estimates, though the grand total is, of course, the same. (a) The reduction under item 2 is accounted for mainly by the fact that 1930-31 includes £407 for purchase of motor-car late in year. New car also resulted in reduction of expenditure on motor-car maintenance for 1931-32. A saving was also effected by part use of prisoners on maintenance, Yailima grounds. (b) The reduction under Secretariat is due mainly to lower expenditure on maintenance of Government property and furniture and on officers' travelling-expenses to and from overseas. (c) The reductions under Native affairs are made up of reduced expenditure under salaries. (d) The apparent increase under Customs, &c., is due mainly to a new item, " Refund of banana duty." This was previously shown as a deduction from the revenue item. (e) The small reduction under Justice Department is the result of general economy under various subheadings. (f) The reductions under police and prisons and constabulary are due to the fact that a number of officers have been returned to New Zealand and have not been replaced. (g) The small reductions under Health and Lands and Survey Departments are the result of general economies. (h) The cost of administration of the Chinese Department for 1931-32 was charged to the Chinese Fund. (i) The saving in the Postal Department has been mainly due to staff economies. (j) The increase under radio-station is only apparent, the expenditure for 1931-32 including £2,306 paid to other stations, which expenditure was shown as a deduction from the revenue item for 1930-31. The decrease in actual expenditure is the result of a considerable falling-off of business received. (/<•) The reduction under Education Department is the result of reduction of staff during the year and general economies. (1) The reduction under public works, general and maintenance, is due partly to economies effected and partly to postponement of work where possible. (m) New works expenditure for 1931-32 includes £5,595 for erection of new post-office and telephone exchange to replace that which was destroyed by fire in July, 1930. (n) The Engineering and Transport Department ceased to exist at the end of 1930-31, the Public Works Department taking over the Hydro-electric Section,

18

Head of Expenditure. 1930-31. 1931-32. £ £ 1. Permanent charges on public debt .. .. .. 11,071 11,071 2. Administrator and Government House .. .. .. 4,703 4,151 3. Secretariat .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,207 9,614 4. Native affairs — (a) Upolu and general .. . . . . .. .. 7,250 6,184 (b) Savai'i .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,448 2,321 5. Treasury .. .. .. .. .. 3,792 3,662 6. Customs, taxes, and marine .. .. .. .. 10,525 18,987 7. Justice .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,888 2,632 8. Police and prisons— (a) Police and prisons . . . . . . j 9,904 8,608 (b) Constabulary .. .. .. 16,561 10,412 9. Health .. .. .. .. .. .. 18,224 17,824 10. Lands and survey .. . . .. .. 1,791 1,423 11. Chinese .. .. .. . . . . . 1,407 12. Post Office and Savings-bank .. 5,008 4,238 13. Radio-station .. .. .. .. , . .. 3,656 5,218 14. Education .. .. .. .. 7,439 6,794 15. Public works— (a) General and maintenance . . .. 9,013 7,738 (b) New works .. .. .. .. 6,713 6,416 (c) Hydro-electric .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,643 16. Engineering and transport .. .. .. .. 6,688 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 140,288 128,936

A .-4.

Direct Native Revenue and Expenditure, 1931-32. (a) Revenue. Native taxes (arrears of personal tax, fines, gun and dog licenses, water £ rates, travel permits, marriage fees, &o.) .. .. .. 1,429 Medical services .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,396 Copra export duty . . .. . . .. . . .. 11,967 £14,792 In addition, revenue is received for Court fees, fines, &c., Postal revenue, and also, in common with the European section of the community, the natives contribute indirectly towards Customs revenue. (b) Expenditure. (J) Payments directly to natives: — Salaries and wages — Native Affairs Department — . £ £ Upolu .. . . . . . . 2,786 Savai'i . . . . .. . . . . . . 790 3,576 Native police .. .. .. .. 4, 026 Native Medical Staff .. . . . . .. 3,127 Native teachers . . .. . - • ■ 2,505 Other Departments .. .. . . .. . . . ■ 2,189 Casual labour, Public Works Department .. .. .. 1,629 Subtotal .. .. .. .. .. .. 17,052 (2) Payments directly on behalf of natives Native Affairs Department— Salaries, European staff, Upolu and Savai'i .. . . .. 3,180 Cost of printing Native Gazette .. .. .. .. .. 131 Fono expenses (Native Parliament) .. .. .. . . 155 Land and Titles Commission expenses .. .. .. .. 350 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. . . . . .. 397 Entertainment of Samoans .. .. .. . . .. 160 Uniforms, flags, badges, &c. .. .. . . .. 7 Printing and stationery .. .. .. .. 84 Malaga expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. 331 Other expenses . . • 134 Subtotal .. .. .. .. .. 4,929 Total .. . .. .. .. .. £21,981 In addition to the above a large portion of the expenditure on Police and Prisons, Medical and Education Departments is directly for the benefit of natives, while benefit is also derived by them on account of Public Works Department expenditure on roads, bridges, and other public services. Samoan leper patients are maintained at the expense of the Administration at the Fiji leper hospital, and Samoans are sent for training at the Administration's expense also to the Fiji Medical School. A proportion of Administration overhead expenditure must also be considered as being directly for the benefit of the natives. Loan Account. The only loan-money raised during the year was a sum of £6,000 advanced temporarily from the New Zealand Treasury under section 33, subsection (3), of the Samoa Act in order to keep the Samoan Treasury Deposit Account at Wellington in funds over the last few weeks of the financial year without having to incur exchange charges by remitting from Samoa. The amount of the balance of the ordinary revenue account at 31st March was sufficient to cover this advance which was repaid early in May, 1932. Loan Redemption Fund. The amount of this fund at 31st March, 1932, was £21,447, excluding interest earned to the 31st March, 1932, which would amount to approximately £800, and has not yet been allocated by the New Zealand Treasury.

Revenue and Expenditure.

19

Actual Revenue tual (t , „ - Subsidy from Final Deficit or Year. obtained m the Expenditure of the Deficit. Ne w Zealand. Surplus. Territory. Territory. l £ £ £ £ ! £ 1925-26 .. .. 128,638 145,687 17,049 21,400 + 4,351 1926-27 . .. 113,812 141,710 27,898 20,000 -7,898 1927-28 .. .. 106,038 143,421 37,383 20,000 —17,383 1928-29 .. .. 121,904 157,829* 35,925* 47,374* +11,449* 1929-30 .. .. 131,416 150,728* 19,312* 39,448* +20,136* 1930-31 .. .. 130,385 140,288* 9,903* 21,000 +11,097* 1931-32 .. 109,040 128,936* 19,896* „ -19,896* * Includes expenditure on extra police—£27,374 in 1928-29, £19,448 in 1929-30, £16,561 in 1930-31, and £10,412 in 1931-32.

A.—4,

Balance-sheet. Liabilities. The form of the balance-sheet has been altered slightly this year, and it is proposed to adopt the new form for future years. The Post Office Savings-bank Accounts have been incorporated in Treasury books during the year for the first time, and are set out in the balance-sheet. Assets. The item sundry stores, £12,916 19s. 9d. is rather large, and does not show any reduction as compared with the previous year. The figure, however, includes £1,363 medicinal liquor, of which £800 worth arrived from England and Australia about the close of the year and approximately £4,000 for timber and water-piping, which it has not been possible to reduce to any appreciable extent during the year. The item General Fund investment in New Zealand £501 Ss. Bd. represents an over investment of Chinese funds in New Zealand as at 31st March, 1932. There is likely to be a loss of £150 under Sundry advances, and of £250 under Balance, defalcation, partly secured. These losses have been provided for by an expenditure item of £400 in the 1932 -33 estimates. The item Sundry debtors includes £2,749 European taxes outstanding, £2,730 Chinese overhead, £3,191 hospital fees, £435 school fees, £382 electric current sales for March, £760 adjustments with other radio-stations. The .balance are miscellaneous. The collection of debts in the Territory has always been a difficult matter, and notwithstanding a very large number of prosecutions, the total of book debts has not been reduced during the year. An endeavour is being made to restrict credit wherever possible. The item includes many debts which have been outstanding for a considerable time, and are not likely to be collected in full. ADMINISTRATION OF WESTERN SAMOA.—BALANCE SHEET AS AT 31st MARCH, 1932. Liabilities. £ s. d. Assets. £ s. d. Capital Account .. .. .. 177,746 11 1 Land and buildings .. .. .. .. 126,577 7 0 Loans— £ s. d. Roads and bridges .. .. .. .. 139,000 0 0 Public works .. .. 139,000 0 0 Plant and machinery .. .. .. .. 33,130 111 General purposes .. 26,200 0 0 Launches, boats, &c. .. .. .. .. 2,321 1 0 Temporary loan from New Buoys, beacons, and moorings .. .. .. 1,240 0 0 Zealand Treasury under Motor and other vehicles " .. .. .. 1,806 4 0 section 33, subsection (3), Arms and accoutrements .. .. .. 702 18 1 of Samoa Act .. 6,000 0 0 Fire appliances .. .. .. .. 284 16 4 171,200 0 0 Furniture, fittings, bedding, clothing, &c. .. .. 11,381 2 5 Sundry creditors .. .. .. 1,309 15 2 Mechanical office appliances .. .. .. 334 7 6 Samoa currency notes .. 32,000 0 0 Medical and technical instruments and equipment .. 1,601 13 7 Less unissued notes .. 2,000 0 0 Libraries .. .. .. .. .. 168 210 — 30,000 0 0 Loose tools .. .. .. .. .. 656 5 11 Chinese Department— Saddlery and harness .. .. .. .. 75 11 7 Chinese Importation and Live-stock .. .. .. .. . . 451 18 0 Exportation Fund .. 6,901 13 8 Sundry stores .. .. .. .. .. 12,916 19 9 Sundry deposits held .. 15 13 7 Investments, sundry— 6,917 7 3 Fixed deposit—Bank of New Zea- £ s. d. Sundry depositors, Post Office Savings-bank 34,927 10 7 land, Apia .. .. .. 3,400 0 0 Sundry deposits held by £"s. d. Post Office Savings-bank Account Treasury .. 3,373 16 1 (Mulinu'u graves) .. .. 55 6 0 Sundry deposits in depart- i Sam oan currency-note security .. 32,000 0 0 mental trust accounts .. 884 12 1! Public Works Loan Sinking Fund 21,447 811 —— 4,258 9 0 j General Fund Investment in New Depreciation Reserve .. .. .. 17,783 2 1 ! Zealand .. .. .. 501 8 8 Public Works Loan Sinking Fund .. 21,447 811 57,404 3 7 Reserve for Writings-off .. .. .. 96 14 6 1 Investments, Chinese Fund— Investment in New Zealand .. 3,598 11 4 Investment in Samoa .. .. 800 0 0 4,398 11 4 Sundry debtors .. .. 2,518 15 11 6,917 7 3 Post Office Savings-bank— Investment in New Zealand .. 31,286 0 0 Fixed deposits, Apia .. .. 2,000 0 0 Cash in Bank of New Zealand, Apia 323 I 6 Cash in New Zealand .. .. 1,318 9 1 34,927 10 7 Suspense accounts— Sundry advances .. .. 336 3 0 Balance, defalcation, partly secured 356 16 4 Payments in advance .. . . 171 12 0 Writings-off in Suspense .. 96 14 6 Sundry debtors .. .. 9,267 10 7 10,428 16 5 Cash in bank balances— Cash in hand, Resident Commissioner, Savai'i .. .. 98 6 7 Cash in Deposits Account, New Zealand .. .. .. 36 6 5 Cash in transit from New Zealand 56 10 0 Bank of New Zealand, Apia and Auckland .. .. .. 5,092 3 4 Bank of New Zealand, London .. 353 7 2 Deposits held in Departmental trust accounts .. .. 884 12 11 6,521 6 5 Balance, Revenue Account, for Year 1931-32 .. 16,839 4 5 £465,686 18 7 £465,686 18 7

20

A.—4,

PUBLIC TRUST OFFICE. On account of present economic conditions the finalization of many of the estates controlled by this Office is unavoidably delayed, as it is impossible to dispose of assets, especially real estate, except at prices much below value. After placing £150 to reserve to cover any default in payments of interest or loss on realization of securities, the accounts of the Office for the year show a profit of £49 which, under present conditions, may be considered satisfactory. All work is up to date. STAFF. As a necessity of depression and consequent depleted financial resources, the year has been marked by a very definite shrinkage, more particularly of the European staff, as shown in the table below. The more important of these changes are referred to in the reports ofj the Departments concerned. A reduction of 10 per centum in salaries of the New Zealand Public Services was made applicable to the European staff in Samoa as from Ist April, 1931, with some minor exceptions to the Samoar; staff as from Ist January, 1932, and there have been curtailments of staff amenities in several lessei directions.

Notes. (i) Number upon disbandment of Samoa Military Police and e»tablishment of Constabulary in April, 1929. (ii) Resident Auditor, a new appointment. (iii) Position of Chief Judge temporarily vacant on 31st March, 1929. (ivj Includes Engineering and Transport Department (2) taken over from New Zealand Reparation Estates during 1929-30, and merged with Public Works during 1930-31. (v) Public Trust Office staff (2) not shown previously in this return. (vi) Due to s.s. " Lady Roberts " going out of commission. (Viij Two additional junior probationers appointed. (viii) One vacancy temporarily at 31st March, 1930. (ix) Consequential reduction made in Chinese staff. (x) One vacancy temporarily at 31st March, 1930. (xi) One additional audit assistant appointed temporarily. (xii) Retrenchment of headmasters, Malifa and Avele Schools, and one assistant, Ifi Ifi School. (xiiii Staff of European sisters reduced from nine to eight; one vacancy temporarily at 31st March, 1932. (xiv) Department placed under control of the Crown Solicitor. (xv) Draughtsman retrenched.

21

European Staff as at 31st March, Departments. j ; - : 1929. 1930. ! 1931. j 1932. ___ , . J _J Administrator's .. ., .. 2 2 2 1 Secretariat .. .. . . . . 5 j 6 (ii) 6 7 (xi) Customs and Harbour* . . . . 10 10 ' 8 (vi) 8 Education .. .. .. .. 12 12 14 (vii) ll(xii) Health .. .. . . .. i 20 i 19 20 (viii) 18 (xiii) Justice .. . . . • • • 2 3 (iii) 3 3 Labour .. .. .. .. 2 j 1 j 2 (ix) — (xiv) Lands and Survey .. . . . . | 4 (3 3 2 (xv) Native Affairs .. . . . . j 5 3 j 4 (x) 4 Police .. .. .. .. ! 6 5 4 4 Constabulary .. . . . . 45 (i) 47 i 33 18 Postal and Radio .. . . 13 14 13 12 Public Works .. . . . . 6 8 (iv) j 6 6 Treasury and Public Trust . . . . 4 6 (v) 6 6 Savai'if .. • • • ■ • • i 3 3 j 3 ! 3 Totals .. .. .. | 139 142 §f 127 | 103 * Including one part-time officer. t District Officers (2) and European constable (1), as at 31st March, 1932, included in total of Police and Constabulary.

A.—4

QUESTIONNAIRE. The information supplied under this heading in previous reports applies, with the exceptions set out below: — LABOUR. The Hours for Shops Ordinance, 1921, has been replaced by the Shopping Hours Ordinance, 1931. The number of Melanesian plantation labourers in the Territory is 121 at 31st March, 1932, and the number in each year will be found in the respective report of the Labour Department. ARMS TRAFFIC. The importations of arms and ammunition during the year 1931-32 were considerably less than is usual owing to unsold stocks being held by local vendors : — Arms— Smooth-bore shot-guns : 16-gauge, 2. Rifles : -22 calibre, 2. A mmunition — Shot cartridges : 12 gauge, 9,000 ; 16 gauge, 14,000 ; 20 gauge, 6,000 ; 24 gauge, 500 : total, 29,500. Ball cartridges : -32 calibre, 300 rounds. Sporting gunpowder, 100 lb. ; percussion caps, 7,000. Fireworks, 28 cases. This return does not include arms and ammunition included in police equipment or in police custody. TRADE AND MANUFACTURE OF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS. (Information as requested by the Permanent Mandates Commission in its Report of its Twenty-first Session.) A. There have been no changes in legislation during the year, except that by the Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment Order, 1931, and the Samoa Port and Customs Service Tax Amendment Order, 1931, as from Ist January, 1932, the ad valorem rate of import duty chargeable on liquor imported by the Administration for sale for medicinal and industrial purposes was increased by 2J per cent., and the Port and Customs Service Tax upon. liquor for medicinal, industrial, and sacramental purposes was increased by 2| per cent. B. The numbers of persons arrested and sentenced for breaches of the laws and regulations relating to liquor are given in the judicial statistics at page 10. C. Imports of spirits and alcoholic beverages during the year 1931-32 : —

For sacramental purposes, 116 gallons of wine ; for industrial purposes, 46 gallons rectified spirits of wine.

22

Quantities issued under Average Approxi- Quantity Medical Permits. mate Percentage of imported, Countries of Origin. Alcohol by Weight. 1931-32. j iggo_3i 1931-32 I Spirituous liquors —- - Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Whisky . . .. 38-5 to 51-0 586 599 726| United Kingdom. Brandy .. .. 38-5 to 49-3 150 97 !>5i France. ; Grin . . .. 40-6 476 201 230§ United Kingdom and Holland. Alcoholic beverages — Port and sherry .. 12-0 to 17-8 234 176§ 248J .. Claret .. .. 5-5 to 10-0 30 15J. 21 j 1 Australia. Stout .. .. 5-5 736 686 666-| 1 Australia and Ale .. .. 3-75* 2,416 2,338| / United Kingdom. Champagne .. 7-5 to 10-6 2 2|- 3| France. * Note. —This figure has been inserted as indicating the maximum percentage of alcohol. The greater proportion of the liquor issued under this heading, however, contains under 3 per cent, of alcohol.

A.—4

D. Production within the territory is prohibited by law. E. Revenue derived from duties on importation, 1931-32 Medicinal liquor (import duty 15 per cent, or 22| per cent, to 31st Decern- £ s. d. ber, 1931, 17J per cent, or 25 per cent, from Ist January, 1932 ; Port and Customs Service Tax, 2f per cent, to 31st December, 1931, 5 per cent, from Ist January, 1932) .. .. .. .. 430 0 0 Industrial liquor (ditto) .. . . .. .. .. .. 1116 Sacramental liquor (Port and Customs Service Tax, 2f per cent, to 31st December, 1931, 5 per cent, from Ist January, 1932 ; free of import duty under Item 4, Tariff exemptions) .. .. .. 2 6 0 These duties are the ordinary ad valorem rates applying to all goods not subject to specific rates of duty ; there is no necessity for higher specific rates of duty upon liquor, as all liquor is sold by and for the Administration at prices approximating current retail prices in New Zealand and independent of the duty applicable. F. In view of the position stated in " E," there are no other duties, license, fees, or taxes. G. There is no native beverage containing alcohol. H. General information with regard to liquor, in addition to the above, is given in the Eighth Report, 1928, and with regard to drugs in the Eleventh Report, 1931. Copies of the Dangerous Drugs Order, 1930, referred to in the latter, have been forwarded to the Permanent Mandates Commission. MORAL, SOCIAL, AND MATERIAL WELFARE. The participation of Samoans and others in the Public Service on 31st March, 1932, is shown in the following table : —

DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS. These are shown with the vital statistics included in the report of the Health Department at page 5.

23

Europeans. Samoan Eiioei Native Samoans. 31stMarch, J 31stMarch, 31stMarch, , Slat March, 31st March, 31st March, 1931. 1932. 1931. ; 1932. 1931. 1932. ■ I ■ I ! ___ Classified departmental staffs — Native nurses and teachers.. .. .. .. .. 121 120 Police and constabulary 36 21 1 1 55 53 Others .. ■.. .. 65 55 24 25 63 62 New Zealand Reparation Es- 19 17 11 " 12 3 2 tates stafl _)' 120 I 93 36 38 242 237 Part time officials .. .. 1 1 . . .. 197 189 Casual employees .. ; .. 7 1 19 27 Totals .. .. 121 94 j 43 39 458 453

A.—4

APPENDICES.

APPENDIX A. DETAILED REPLIES TO INQUIRIES MADE BY MEMBERS OF THE PERMANENT MANDATES COMMISSION. I. Twelfth Session. (Page 198 of Minutes, Document C. 545, M. 194, 1927, VI.) General International Conventions. (See also pages 212 and 230 of Minutes of Twentieth Session, Document C. 422, M. 176, 1931, VI, and Document C. 735, M. 340, 1931, VI.) Tlie following is a list of the general International Conventions that have been applied to Western Samoa :— Residence: — 1923, 24th July, Lausanne. Convention between the, British Empire, France, Italy, &c., and Turkey, respecting conditions of Residence and Business and Jurisdiction. Transit: — 1923, 9th December, Geneva. Convention and Statute on the International Regime of Maritime Ports and Protocol of Signature. 1923, 9th December, Geneva. Convention relating to the Transmission in Transit of Electric Power and Protocol of Signature. 1923, 9th December, Geneva. Convention relating to the Development of Hydraulic Power affecting more than one State and Protocol of Signature. 1923, 9th December, Geneva. Convention and Statute on the International Regime of Railways and Protocol of Signature. Commerce, Navigation, and Customs : — 1923, 24th July, Lausanne. Commercial Convention between the British Empire, France, Italy, &c., and Turkey. 1923, 9th December, Geneva. Convention and Statute on the International Regime of Maritime Ports and Protocol of Signature. 1923, 3rd November, Geneva. International Convention relating to the Simplification of Customs Formalities. Economic : — 1925, 6th November, The Hague. International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property. 1927, 26th September, Geneva. Convention on the Execution of Foreign Arbitral Awards. Postal, Telephonic, Telegraphic,' Radio-telegraphic : — 1929, 28th June, London. Universal Postal Convention. 1929, 28th June, London. Agreement concerning Insured Letters and Boxes. Social:— 1926, 25th September, Geneva. Slavery Convention. 1923, 12th September, Geneva. International Convention for the Suppression of the Circulation of and Traffic in Obscene Publications. Narcotic Drugs : — 1925, 19th February, Geneva. International Convention relating to Dangerous Drugs (2nd Conference). Sanitary : — 1926, 21st June, Paris. International Sanitary Convention. Political: — 1921, 13th December, Washington. Treaty between the United States of America, the British Empire, France, and Japan, relating to their Insular Possessions and Insular Dominions in the Pacific Ocean. Supplementary Treaty of the 6th February, 1922. Peace: — 1919, 28th June, Versailles. Treaty between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany.

24

A.—4,

25

General Statistical Information. The tables drawn up by the Secretariat of the League, and published in Document C. 143, M. 34, 1928, VI, are brought up to date and revised as follows :—

Censuses were held on the 17th April, 1921, and on the 31st December, 1925 ; all other population figures are estimates as on the 31st December. As both population and trade statistics are in respect of calendar years, the column " Financial or administrative year " on page 14 of Document C. 143, M. 34, 1928, VI, is not required.

4—A. 4.

Population. Trade. . Calendar Area. Yeaj . 1 Native. Total. Imports. Exports. Total. £ £ £ 1925 36,688 3,543 40,2-31 345,989 379,388 725,377 1926 38,003 3,657 41,660 324,940 320,783 645,723 * 1927 39,215 3,650 42,865 304,369 335,978 640,347 8 $ 1928 39,878 3,884- 43,762 326,553 422,175 748,728 ® £ 1929 40,722 3,849 44,571 288,849 293,938 582,787 g 1930 41,668 3,867 45,535 275,355 284,515 559,870 1931 42,296 3,727 46,023 164,950 194,447 359,397

Revenues from Revenue Amounts spent on . . . External Sources. other than r Financial and from Administrative Year. Loans and External Native Agri- Public Public Advances. re °° ver ; l,:Ue Sources. Education culture. Health. Works. Grants. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ To 31st March, 1921 .. .. 44,336 * 149,027 3,176 5,405 15,840 13,796 1921-22 .. •• 49,229 16,000 119,569 5,237 4,444 22,690 15,418 1922-23 •• 20,777 16,000 115,250 6,846 3,787 25,715 12,549 1923-24 . 5,658 24,000 109,917 6,556 5,748 23,995 21,191 1924-25 .. 19,140 111,774 7,609 3,030 24,425 24,737 1925-26 .. 5,000 21,400 128,638 9,131 3,187 25,761 26,555 1926-27 .. •• 31,000 20,000 113,812 9,688 3,760 25,911 20,016 1927-28 .. .. •• 16,500 20,000 106,038 10,222 4,990 25,597 16,842 1928-29 . 25,700 20,000 121,904 7,738 4,285 24,367 13,606 1929-30 . •• 39,448 131,416 6,955 t 18>016 17,005 1930-31 .. .. 21,000 130,385 7,439 f 18,224 15,726 1931-32 .. .. 6,000J .. 109,040 6,794 f 17,824 15,797 Total .. •• •• 204,200 Less amount of loan subsequently treated as a gift by New Zealand Government (not in respect of any £ specific year) .. 25,000 Less repayment of principal made in 1928-29 8,000 33,000 Public debt .. .. .• £171,200 * The amount of £25,000 shown in this space in Document C. 143, M. 34, 1928, VI, is the same as that shown below the preceding column " gift by New Zealand Government." f Inspection of Native lands absorbed into Native Department and of produce for export into- Customs Department. The salaries involved in these services amount to approximately £1,200. % Temporary advance repaid in May, 1932 (see explanation in Financial Report).

A.—4

11. Twenty-first Session. (Minutes of, Document C. 830, M. 411, 1931, VI.) Anthropological Research, (pages 149 and 215). —As explained by the Accredited Representative of New Zealand in his letter of the 25th November, 1931 (at page 220 of the Minutes), the New Zealand Government have not appointed an anthropologist specially to make investigations in Western Samoa, but the Territory has not been neglected in this direction. It has had visits from several experts of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum of Honolulu, in particular by Dr. P. H. Buck (Te Rangi Hiroa), and copies of his work " Samoan Material Culture " are being forwarded to the Secretariat of the League for the information of members of the Permanent Mandates Commission. The scope of this volume is confined very rigidly to the subject forming its title, but attention is specially directed to Dr. Buck's introductory remarks which are of interest, coming as they do from one who is himself of Polynesian descent. During 1931-32, Dr. Erling Christophersen, botanist, and Mr. G. McGregor, physical anthropologist, both of the Bishop Museum, carried out researches in Western Samoa over periods of six months and seven weeks respectively. The New Zealand Government have obtained also a translation into English of " Die SamoaInseln. Entwurf einer Monographie mit besonderer Beriicksichtigung Deutsch-Samoas," by Dr. Augustin Kramer (E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, 1901). It is hoped to print this work when finance permits, and in the meantime it is available to officers of the Samoan Public Service in manuscript. In it the customs and culture of the Samoan race are dealt with so exhaustively as to leave almost no ground unexplored. Copra (page 150). —Facilities for shipments of native copra and payments of advances thereon by the Administration were discontinued in 1929, owing to lack of support by the natives. At the present time the difference between market values and prices paid to native producers is not as great as it was when the Administration took this matter up in 1927. Judicial Organization (page 150). —The Native Judges (Fa'amasino) became ineffective through non-co-operation in 1927 and 1928. They have not yet been reinstated. Judicial Statistics (page 150). —The Administration will be happy to carry out M. Ruppel's suggestion, and in the present report the statistics are shown together at page 9. For a comparison between the fifteen-month period from 1929 to 1930, and the twelve-month period 1930-31, the following should be taken into consideration :—

The greater number of offences in 1930-31 is consistent with resumption of operation of the law. Legislation (pages 151 and 215). —In 1928 the New Zealand Government forwarded to the Secretariat of the League of Nations for members of the Permanent Mandates Commission complete sets of bound and indexed volumes of legislative measures affecting Western Samoa. In subsequent years all such documents have been reprinted as appendices to the annual reports, with the exception of the report for 1930-31 ; in this instance (as in the present) the need for economy precluded an annual reprinting of legislative measures, but copies of all documents were forwarded to members of the Commission both at times of issue and again at the end of the year under review. Labour (page 151). —Mention is made of the employment of Samoans in the report of the Labour Department at page 14. Missions (pages 152 and 215). —There are five missions operating in the Territory—the London Missionary Society, which has the largest number of adherents (approximately 65 per cent, of the population), the Roman Catholic (15 per cent.), the Methodist (15 per cent.), the Latter Day Saints and the Seventh Day Adventists (5 per cent.) —and the religious care and instruction of the Samoans is capably and thoroughly administered. Information concerning the educational activities of the missions is given in the report of the Education Department at page 7. Liquor Traffic (pages 192 and 211). —The Administration have noted the plan of information prepared by the Permanent Mandates Commission, and have adopted it in the information given on page 22.

26

Offences reported. 1929-30 1930-31 1931-32 (Fifteen Months). (Twelve Months). (Twelve Months). Contempt of Court (including non-payment of taxes) 144 425 86 Maintenance of Authority in Native Affairs Ordinance 101 286 62 Seditious Organizations Regulations, 1930 .. | 340 44 4 J

A.—4

Chart showing Import, Export, and Total Trade of Western Samoa, 1910-31 (inclusive). (Values shown are averages for each period.)

27

A.—4

Graph showing Native Copra-production. (Averages for each period.)

Detail Export Graph.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—-Preparation, not given; printing (1,135 copies, including graphs), £47,

By Authority: W. A. 6. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 932. Price 9d.

28