A.—4,
19-28. NKW ZE A LAND
MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (EIGHTH REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF) FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH, 1928. Prepared by Direction of the Minister of External Affairs for the Information of the League of Nations, pursuant to Article 6 of the Mandate.
Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.
Sir, — Prime Minister's Office, Wellington, N.Z., 10th July, 1928. I have the honour to forward herewith the Eighth Annual Report on the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa, for the year ended 31st March, 1928. This report has been prepared by His Excellency the Administrator of Western Samoa, and adopted by the New Zealand Government as its report for the purposes of Article 6of the Mandate. The Administrator's comments on Native affairs have however been considerably extended in order to set out for the information of the League the actual position of the present political agitation and the point of view of the New Zealand Government, and a statement covering the position is included in this document immediately before the Administrator's report. I have further to transmit a Supplementary Report by the Department of Health covering the same period, which, for the purpose of convenience, has been printed separately. Copies of both reports have been forwarded direct to each member of the Permanent Mandates Commission, and one hundred additional copies have been despatched to you under separate cover. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, J. G. Coates, The Secretary-General, League of Nations, Geneva. Prime Minister.
I—A. 4.
A.—4
CONTENTS. PAGE Statement oil Political Agitation .. .. .. 2 Administrator's Beport .. .. .. 4 Departmental Reports .. .. .. 6 Questionnaire .. .. .. .. 32 Appendix A.—Proceedings of Fono .. .. 35 Appendix B. — Answers to Inquiries by Permanent Mandates Commission .. .. .. .. 40 Appendix C.—Legislation, &c. .. .. 43 Appendix I).- —Charts, Illustrations, and Maps .. 50 PAGE 1 PAGE Administration .. .. .. 2, 6,40,41 [ Marine .. .. .. .. . • 17 Agriculture .. .. .. .. .. 12 ] Medical. (See Public Health.)* Alcoholic Liquor .. .. .. .. 33 Military Organizations .. ~ .. 34 Arms Traffic .. .. .. .. 32 j Moral, Social, and Material Welfare .. .. 34 Bananas .. .. .. .. .. 14 Native Affairs .. .. .. 2, 5, 6, 29, 35 Cacao .. .. .. .. .. 4, 14 Native Lands. (See Lands, Native.) Chinese Labour. (See Labour.) ' Observatory.. .. .. .. .. 26 Cotton .. .. .. .. .. 14 | Official Visits .. .. .. .. 4 Copra .. .. .. .. .. 4, 12 | Police and Prisons .. .. .. .. 18 Customs .. .. .. .. .. 15 j Population. (See Statistics.)* Drug Traffic.. .. .. .. .. 33 j Post and Telegraph .. .. .. .. 20 Economic Equality .. .. .. .. 34 [ Public Health* .. .. .. 7, 34, 42 Education .. .. .. .. 5, 10, 34, 41 j Public Trust .. .. .. .. 31 Finance .. .. .. .. 28, 34, 41 j Public Works .. .. .. .. 22 Pono, Proceedings of .. .. .. .. 35, 40 j Quarantine .. .. .. .. .. 8 Pood and Drugs* .. .. .. .. 9 1 Badio .. .. .. .. .. 32 Harbour .. .. .. .. .. 17, 25 j Bubber .. .. .. .. .. 4, 14 Health Department. (See Public Health.)* Sanitation* .. .. .. .. .. 9 Infectious Diseases* .. .. .. .. 8 Shipping .. .. .. .. .. 17 Justice .. .. .. .. 7, 12, 41 | Slavery .. .. .. .. .. 32 Labour .. .. .. .. 5, 18, 32, 41 ( Stafi .. .. .. .. 6, 7, 31 Lands and Survey .. .. .. .. 21 j Statistics—Demographic .. .. .. 9, 34 Lands, European .. .. .. .. 14 [ Vital .. .. .. .. 9 Lands, Native .. .. .. .. 5, 13 1 Trade .. .. .. .. .. 4, 15 Land-tenure.. .. .. .. •. 34, 42 ( Charts .. .. .. .. .. 50 Legislation .. .. .. .. 5, 6, 39, 40, 43 ! Illustrations .. .. .. .. 55 Liberty of Conscience.. .. .. .. 34,41 Maps (3). * See also Supplementary Jleport of the Department of Health, referred to above.
STATEMENT BY NEW ZEALAND GOVERNMENT ON POLITICAL AGITATION. The political unrest referred to in last year's report became greatly intensified during the year under review, and has led to a position of considerable difficulty and delicacy. As explained in last year's report, the committee formed in October, 1926, set itself to organize opposition to the Administration, and with the assistance at the outset of what was merely a small coterie of Natives gradually extended its influence. By unwarranted and unjustified criticism of the policy of the Administration, by large and empty statements to the Natives, by manipulation of the family system still existent among the Samoans, by a display of wealth, and by the influence through Native connections of certain members of the committee, the movement attained a momentum as unexpected as it was unjustified by the actual facts. In the beginning of June, 1927, the Minister of External Affairs paid a visit to the Territory, and on the 11th June, after investigating the position for himself, met members of the committee, now considerably swollen in size, and a large gathering of apparently sympathetic Natives. Satisfied with the entire absence of any justification for the mischief already caused by the activities of the committee and its following, which had then become known as the " Mau," the Minister adopted a firm attitude and made it quite plain that the New Zealand Government would tolerate no tampering with the efforts on behalf of the Natives of the New Zealand Government and the Administration. The European members of the committee in particular were urged by the Minister to take no further part in the movement, and to do their utmost to remedy the harm that had already been done. The proceedings of the Minister's meeting with the committee are set out in detail in Parliamentary Paper A. 4b, 1927, which has already been published in New Zealand and forwarded to the League of Nations and to members of the Permanent Mandates Commission. As it was apparent that the committee had no intention of ceasing its disruptive activities, the Minister, just prior to his departure, from Samoa, warned certain members of the committee, on authority from New Zealand, that if they persisted in destroying the harmony of Western Samoa it might be necessary to deport them from the Territory. With the exception, however, of a formal
2
A.—4
request to their followers to disperse and to keep the peace, no active steps wore taken by the committee to control the movement they had initiated, and the Administration was entirely satisfied that they were nevertheless still actively engaged in fomenting discontent. In June, 1927, a petition purporting to be signed by a number of Natives was presented to the New Zealand Parliament praying for redress against certain alleged grievances set out therein. The petition was referred to a Joint Committee of both Houses of Parliament. The matters complained of had, of course, taken place in Western Samoa, and it was not considered advisable by the Joint Committee, even if it had been feasible, to bring to New Zealand the necessary witnesses, including a large number of Natives. On receipt of a request from the Administrator, therefore, that the whole matter should be exhaustively inquired into in Samoa, the Government were glad to adopt this suggestion, and accordingly a Commission of Inquiry was set up for this purpose. The Commission comprised Sir Charles Skerrett, Chief Justice of New Zealand, as Chairman, and Judge McCormick, a senior Judge of the Native Land Court of New Zealand. The order of reference of the Commission was as follows : — (1) Whether, having regard to the duties undertaken by the Government of New Zealand under the mandate of the League of Nations, there is just or reasonable cause for the complaints or objections set forth in Parliamentary Paper A. 4b, 1927, and in the petition presented to Parliament during the 1927 session. (2) Whether the Administrator or the officials of the Administration have in any manner exceeded their duty in the exercise of the authority entrusted to them respectively, or have failed to exercise their respective functions honestly and justly. (3) Whether, having regard to the Samoan Native customs and to the due maintenance of government and order in the Mandated Territory, it would be prudent and safe to wholly repeal and abrogate all power to require a Samoan to remove for a definite period from one place on the islands to another. The competency and integrity of this Commission could not be, and was not, doubted on any side, and the order of reference was sufficiently wide to cover not only all the questions raised in the petition presented to the House, but any other complaints against the Administration. On the setting-up of the Commission the Joint Parliamentary Committee discontinued its inquiry, and copies of the evidence were made available to the Commission, to counsel for the complainants, and to counsel for the Administration. The Commission took evidence in Samoa from 155 witnesses (a number of whom spoke on behalf of others who were present before the Commission and assented to the evidence, so that the views of 300 persons in all were obtained) and went most exhaustively into every aspect of the complaints that were brought before it. The Commission's report, which has been published in New Zealand and also sent to the League of Nations and to members of the Permanent Mandates Commission, contains a complete vindication of the Administration, and a trenchant criticism of the weakness of the complainants' case and of the methods adopted by the committee to foment disaffection in Samoa. Before the appointment of the Commission of Inquiry the Government of New Zealand had felt it necessary, in view of the somewhat alarming increase of unrest in the Territory, to pass an amendment to the Samoa Act giving power to the Governor-General in Council to order the deportation, after inquiry, of any person found to be preventing or hindering the due performance by the Government of New Zealand of its functions and duties under the terms of the mandate, or the due administration by the Executive Government of the Territory, and on the findings of the Commission being published in New Zealand and in Samoa the members of the Citizens' Committee were again requested to make a genuine effort to bring an end to the trouble. Notwithstanding the fact that their complaints had been shown to be without any foundation in fact, their response was so unsatisfactory that the New Zealand Government and the Administration were convinced that they would be failing in their duty towards the Natives of Samoa and in their responsibilities under the mandate if they omitted to take a drastic step at this stage. With a view, therefore, to removing the primary cause of the trouble the deportation provisions of the Samoa Amendment Act, 1927, were put into force, and after the inquiry prescribed by the Act Messrs. 0. F. Nelson and E. W. Gurr were in January last deported for a period of five years, and Mr. A. G. Smyth for a period of two years. By taking this step the Administration hoped that, left to their own devices, the Natives would gradually recognize the true state of affairs, and that the Mau movement would die down. This result has, however, not yet been achieved. No doubt the Natives are not capable of understanding the actual effect of the findings of the Royal Commission, though every effort has been made to make the result available to them in their own language : influence , has continued to be exercised from outside Samoa, and despite the efforts of the Administration the Mau movement has not abated. From time to time the Administrator attempted to meet the Native leaders of the Mau in person, feeling confident that were he able to place the true facts before them they would appreciate the position. The Mau, however, consistently refused to hear him. Shortly before the deportations events took a more ominous turn with the institution of what was known as the Mau police force. Uniforms were issued to members of the Mau, and a system of picketing commenced by which the Mau endeavoured to enforce a boycott of European stores in Apia. Even this was tolerated by the Administration for a period, but from time to time demonstrations by more unruly members of the movement caused some alarm as to the safety of life and property, and in February of this year, in view of what appeared to be the development of a threatening situation, it was found necessary to despatch to Apia the cruisers of the New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy. On the arrival of the cruisers it was decided to take the obvious course of clearing the streets of the Mau police, and accordingly, on the 23rd and 24th February, a force of sailors and marines,
3
A.—4
aided by the local police, peacefully arrested some four hundred uniformed members of the Mau who were parading the streets of Apia. These Natives were tried before the High Court, found guilty of intimidation, and each sentenced to six months' imprisonment. During their few days of imprisonment they were addressed on several occasions by the Administrator in conciliatory terms. They failed to respond in any degree, however, and through their spokesman, Tamasese, made it plain that their aim now was to free themselves altogether from the Administration of New Zealand and to conduct their own government. It now became apparent to the New Zealand Government that it would be necessary for MajorGeneral Sir George Richardson to appear in person before the Permanent Mandates Commission of the League of Nations to explain the position of affairs that had arisen, and in view of the expiration of his extended term of office in March, 1928, it was clear that a new Administrator of Western Samoa must be appointed. Again applying his policy of conciliation, Sir George Richardson felt that a mark of clemency as his last official act in Samoa might have a good effect, and consequently he remitted the sentences of all the members of the Mau, and they were accordingly released. They were urged to return to their homes, which after a short delay they did, leaving a committee in Apia to continue the movement. On the departure of the warships a force of marines was left in Samoa as a necessary means of protection and enforcement of order, and this force has recently been relieved and replaced by a detachment of seventy-four military police with the same distinct and limited object. Sir George Richardson ceased to function as Administrator on the 31st March, 1928, and Colonel S. S. Allen, C.M.G., D.5.0., who was appointed by the New Zealand Government to succeed him, arrived in Apia on the 4th May. At the conclusion of the period covered by this report the Mau movement was still apparently of considerable strength. The picketing of the streets has of course ceased, and apart from isolated cases of larrikinism there has not at any time been any resort to force either on the part of the Administration or the disaffected Natives. The movement is now one of passive resistance and non-co-operation, carried out to such an extent that the Administration is to an appreciable degree ineffective, and much of what the Government are confident is the excellent work performed to further the moral and material progress of the Samoans is in danger of destruction. Indeed, to a great extent it has already been very seriously affected, as a perusal of this report must clearly indicate. Not the least among the Administration's difficulties has been the attitude of that substantial proportion of the Samoans who have remained loyal to the Administration. These Natives, naturally unable to take a long view of the situation, have from time to time become exasperated with what they regard as the inactivity of the Administration in the face of provocation by their enemies of the Mau, and on occasions have threatened to take the law into their own hands and to commence open hostilities. As to the future the New Zealand Government are in no doubt. They recognize that it is their duty to govern Samoa no less under the mandate than by virtue of the dictates of humanity, and they are determined not to fail in their duty. They are, however, exceedingly reluctant, except in the very last resort, to apply force to these misguided Natives, whose actions they are convinced are due entirely to ignorance and to the evil and by-no-means disinterested guidance of certain Europeans. In view of the necessity of appointing a new Administrator to succeed Major-General Sir George Richardson, it has been felt advisable to give the recalcitrant Samoans a further opportunity to realize the position and to accustom themselves to the new Administrator before any firmer steps should be decided upon. In the meantime the position is being closely watched, and every effort will be made to seize any development that may promise an amicable settlement of the difficulty. Toleration is being extended to the uttermost, and no opportunity of showing the disaffected Natives the error of their agitation is being lost. There has been no lack of patience in the policy adopted up to the present, and it has been considered the wisest course in the circumstances to continue this attitude of watchful toleration in the meantime, but should this policy fail the Administration must ultimately fall back upon stronger measures. ANNUAL REPORT BY THE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE YEAR 1927-28. The following Annual Report on Western Samoa for the year 1927-28 is submitted in a similar form to that for the previous year. It comprises (1) the Administrator's covering remarks, (2) departmental reports, and (3) answers to the League of Nations' Questionnaire. I. OFFICIAL VISITS. Early in June last the Hon. Mr. Nosworthy, Minister of External Affairs, visited the Territory and remained for two weeks, during which period he visited a number of districts in Upolu and one district in Savai'i. A report of his visit appears in Parliamentary Paper A.-4b., 1927. 11. TRADE. While some of the principal exports —viz., cacao and rubber —were in excess of the previous year, the total trade was slightly less, due to a reduction in imports. Market prices for cacao have been good, and private planters have had a prosperous year.
4
A.—4.
Rubber exports have increased by 100 tons, and as all the rubber areas are now being developed it is anticipated that a record output will be realized this year —viz., approximately 200 tons. The copra exports fell short of the figures for the preceding year by 600 tons. The total amount, however, fell short of anticipations by about 2,000 tons, due to lack of effort on the part of the Natives. The average market price for copra covering the period of the trade year was £26 2s. 6d. The average price received by the Natives from Apia merchants was £10 6s. lid. per ton, but two parcels shipped by the Administration on behalf of the Native growers realized a net return to the Natives of £15 18s. Id. and £16 18s. Id. respectively. Interesting reference to this is made on pages 338-40 of the Samoan Royal Commission Report, 1927. A table showing the estimated total all-in cost per ton of high-grade copra up to the time of landing in the United Kingdom or on the Continent is given on page 13 herein. 111. NATIVE AFFAIRS. [(See also Statement on Political Agitation on page 2, and Chart in Appendix D.) (a) Native Legislation. The Faipules assembled on two occasions during the year —viz., in May, 1927, and February, 1928. The proceedings of the May Fono, and the Faipules' address to the Administrator dated the 11th February, 1928 are attached (see Appendix A). At the assembly in February the ordinary business was suspended and the discussions were confined to considering ways and means to reunite the two parties of Natives and restore the peaceful and prosperous conditions that existed prior to the European Committee interfering in Native political affairs. During the Fono endeavours were made by invitations to those chiefs in the so-called " Mau" Committee to meet the Faipules to become reconciled and discuss matters together for the general welfare of the Samoan people. These chiefs refused, however, to meet either the Faipules or the Administrator, and it is believed that this irreconcilable attitude was due to the fact that they had received instructions not to co-operate in any way with Government officials or with the Government and to continue to oppose constituted authority. The chiefs and orators of each district have the power not only to nominate in accordance with Native custom their own Faipule representative to fill vacancies, but also to nominate a chief in place of their present Faipule if they can show good reason for the latter being superseded. This cannot, however, be carried out while there are two political parties of Natives who refuse to unite. There are now three vacancies for Faipules which have not been filled owing to the inability of the chiefs and orators of the districts concerned to agree to the appointment of one of their number. (6) Education. The evil effects of the so-called Mau movement were felt by the Education Department in the earlier part of the year. Many Natives who had associated themselves with the European Committee in Apia not only declined to co-operate in any way with the Government or with Native officials, but refused to allow their children to attend Government schools. This applied particularly to the combined Government and mission schools in out-districts. This attitude of the Mau Natives was apparently later realized to be a foolish one and they subsequently adopted the opposite attitude and urged attendance at schools. Two senior Native school-teachers were sent to New Zealand in January for the purpose of widening their knowledge and seeing modern methods of teaching in various schools in New Zealand. (c) Cultivation of Native Lands. (See Graph and Chart in Appendix D.) With a view to helping the Natives the New Zealand Government purchased a ship which will be used, among other purposes, for promoting a fruit-export trade between Samoa and the Dominion. This ship is due to arrive here in May next. Natives were urged to plant areas of bananas and carefully cultivate them in readiness for export. In a number of districts the Samoans took up this matter with enthusiasm, but as a result of the Mau movement they have failed to support the scheme and have ceased work on their banana plantations. The latter have become neglected and unproductive. The European planters have now taken up this industry, and they, together with the New Zealand Estates, will supply practically all the bananas and other fruit for export. A large area of alienated land belonging to the New Zealand Estates has been made available to the Natives in Falealili district for the purpose of dividing and allocating it amongst individual taxpayers, but during the past year, owing to Mau activities, in most other districts cultivation of Native lands has been neglected. IV. CHINESE LABOUR. There were 935 Chinese and 146 Melanesian labourers on the 31st March, 1928, compared with 946 and 155 respectively a year previously. The fact that the Melanesians do not wish to be repatriated, and that large numbers of Chinese when due for repatriation apply for permission to extend their engagement or to remain permanently in the Territory, indicates that the the imported labourers are satisfied with their treatment and the conditions under which they labour. The experiments on Government plantations gradually to substitute Samoans for Chinese have shown that it will be many years before local Native labour can be obtained for permanent work.
5
A.—4
Samoans will engage for labour under contract involving absence from their villages for a few days or weeks, but will not work consistently for longer periods. Tokelau-Islanders can, however, be relied upon as permanent labourers, and about fifty of these are now being used in place of Chinese. This number will probably increase every year, owing to the tendency of the Tokelau-Islanders to migrate to this Territory consequent upon their own islands being overpopulated. Arrangements have been made for the repatriation this year of 400 Chinese who have completed their contracts, and the importation of 464 new coolies. Many planters oppose the repatriation of experienced Chinese labourers on the grounds of expense and difficulties in training new coolies for special duties, but it is the policy of the New Zealand Government to discourage re-engagements after a term of three years, and to prohibit absolutely the renewal of contracts of Chinese coolies after they have been in the Territory for six years. V. ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS. I wish to place on record my appreciation of the good work and loyal support given to me by the Secretary to the Administration and the efficient staff of Government officials administering the various Departments. I especially wish to mention the services of the late Mr. H. S. Griffin, Secretary for Native Affairs, who died in May last. He was a very able and sympathetic administrator who understood the Natives thoroughly through experience gained with the London Missionary Society in the Territory for nineteen years prior to his taking up the position of Secretary for Native Affairs. His loss has been keenly felt throughout Samoa. The position of Secretary for Native Affairs has been filled by the former Assistant Secretary, who, like Mr. Griffin, was previously a missionary in Samoa. VI. LEGISLATION. The following provisions concerning the Territory were passed during the year ended 31st March, 1928 : — In New Zealand — The Samoa Amendment Act, 1927. Sections 8 and 9 of the Finance Act, 1927 (No. 2). The Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment Order, 1927 (No. 2). The Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment Order, 1927 (No. 3). The Samoa Commissions of Inquiry Order, 1927 (Application of Commissions of Inquiry Act (N.Z.) to Samoa). Amending the Samoa Immigration Consolidation Order, 1924. The Samoa Post and Telegraph Amendment Order, 1928. In Samoa— No. 4/1927, the Native Personal Tax Ordinance, 1927. No. 5/1927, the Taxation, Licensing, and Revenue Amendment Ordinance, 1927. No. 1/1928, the Maintenance of Authority in Native Affairs (No. 2) Ordinance, 1928. Copies of these provisions are attached to this report [Appendix B]. Complete sets of all legislation passed previous to the Ist April, 1927 (in addition to the full sets of copies that have been forwarded each year as they have been issued) are being prepared to meet the wishes of the Permanent Mandates Commission. DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. NATIVE AFFAIRS. A complete account of the working of the Native Department for the year would be a year's history of the political agitation in Samoa, for all activities have been determined by the changing state of the Native unrest. As that subject has already been fully dealt with and made well known by the published and detailed report of a Royal Commission, it will only be necessary to state how this unrest'has affected the Department and the Native's relation thereto. It will be seen from the summary that the officials are fewer. This is temporary, and accounted for by some dismissals and some resignations in districts where there is perforce a lessening of activities. The Native Court has not been operating during the recent months, hence noticeably few cases were dealt with. There has been no session of the Lands and Titles Commission during the past year ; but it would appear that there will be a busy session in the near future. The Native personal tax is payable in September annually. Owing to the Royal Commission sitting in September last, the date was postponed until February, 1928, but by this time the antiGovernment party —the Mau—had decided not to pay Government taxes. The revenue for the Treasury usually collected by the Native Department has considerably fallen off owing to the Native
6
A—4.
taxes not coming in. The organization of Native administration in outside districts has also been out of action, and in many districts the District Council could not assemble owing to the antiGovernment party. Village Committees and Women's Welfare Committees have also been checked, with sad results as to sanitation and the health of the inhabitants. The Department's activities in developing the system of Native self-government, so successfully begun, are now largely at a standstill. The Native Parliament —Fono of Faipule—assembled twice during the year according to^custom.
Number of Samoan Officials in the Service as on 31st March, 1928 (Native Department).
Cases dealt with by the Native Court from 1st April, 1927, to 31st March, 1928.
HEALTH DEPARTMENT. In the special Medical Report on the Territory, which has been published as a separate document, will be found recorded in detail the work and activities of the Health Department during the year, but the following particulars will give an outline of what was accomplished. Public Health. The benefit of the intensive campaigns against hookworm and yaws, commenced in the year 1925, is now being felt, and is reflected in the health of the community. During the past year, apart from a small outbreak of dysentery on the east coast of Savai'i, the health of the inhabitants of the Territory has been exceptional. Such being the case, this should be a record year in regard to natural increase of population, with a diminished death-rate and a corresponding increased birth-rate. Actual figures, however, do not show such results, there being a decided diminution in the natural increase of population as compared with last year. This can probably only be accounted for by a deliberate failure to register births and deaths. It is evident that the Native movement, the Mau, which has been organized to oppose Government officials and all
7
(Last year's figures are given in parenthesis.) Rank. i Upolu. I Savai'i. J Total. ■} ■- i I I Fautua (Native advisers) .. .. .. 1 .. 1 (2) Faipule (members of Fono of Faipule) .. 19 12 31 (31) Pulefaatoaga (Plantation Inspectors) .. .. 9 3 12 (16) Faamasino (District Judges).. .. .. 18 9 27 (28) Pulenu'u (Village Rulers) 84 39 123 (150) Failautusi (clerks) .. .. .. .. 18 11 29 (30) Leoleo (village policemen) .. .. .. 30 16 46 (53) Teuala (roadmen) .. .. .. .. 5 .. 5 (0) Totals .. .. .. 184 90 274 (310)
J J i 3M t"S s £ a a -2 s ®flus ° H §° & "S3 H a ■■% * % $ o _— . . («) Upolu. Land cases .. .. .. .. 2 1 1 Enforcement of judgments .. .. 56 45 .. 1] Unpaid poll taxes .. .. .. 6 6 Unpaid medical levies .. .. .. 152 152 Unpaid dog-taxes .. .. .. 58 58 Breach of Beetle Ordinance .. .. 53 53 Breach of Burial Regulations .. .. 1 1 Civil claims .. .. .. .. 9 9 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. 3 3 Totals .. .. ..340 328 1 11 (b) Savai't. Land cases .. .. .. .. 12 2 .. 10 Title dispute .. .. . . .. 13 5 . . 8 Trespass (wilful) .. .. .. 2 .. . . 2 Assault. . .. . .. 1 1 Totals .. .. .. 28 8 j 20
A.—4.
Government orders and instructions, has operated to prevent registration, this fact becoming very noticeable when the returns for the past six to nine months from certain districts are compared with those of the previous year. This matter will be referred to again under the heading " Vital Statistics." The situation is further complicated by the fact that the activities of the Man have not ended with a ban on registration of births and deaths, but unfortunately they have also caused all Women's Committees under the Child Welfare scheme to cease to function, and, worse still, owing to their action nearly all sanitary control in the various villages has been lost. This means that a very large proportion of the villages in Upolu and Savai'i have gone back to the conditions existing before sanitation was introduced and enforced by Government officials. It will take some considerable time to re-establish sanitary control, and it is remarkable that the health of the Natives has suffered so little. Whilst the activities of the Mau have had no appreciable effect on the attendances at the hospitals and out-stations of both islands from the clinical point of view—the attendance at the main hospital in Apia naturally showing a big increase owing to the large number of Natives assembled in Apia for some months on end—the great setback has been the inability to carry out any supervising work during the year in the shape of medical malagas round the islands. (a) Apia Hospital area : This area, which contains 66 per cent, of the population of Upolu, is easily reached by fair motor-roads extending from Mulifanua on the west to Falefa on the east of the north coast. It contains the main hospital at Apia, where there are four European Medical Officers, two Native medical practitioners, six cadets in training, besides twenty-four Samoan nurses, of whom fifteen are trainees. In addition there are five Samoan cadets at the Suva Memorial Hospital in Fiji undergoing a three-years course of training to become Native medical practitioners. The hospital is well equipped, being electrically lighted, with an X-ray plant and separate European and Samoan maternity departments. The laboratory is the largest and best-equipped in the South Pacific, being fitted with " Silverlite " gas for heating purposes, the plant being also used for the sterilizers in the operating-theatre. There are four out-stations (dispensaries) in charge of trained Native nurses in this area —at Lufilufi (the Methodist Mission), Malua (the London Missionary Society's headquarters), Fasito'otai, and Mulifanua. Of these, Malua has been temporarily closed, but is being carried on for the time being by a trained nurse who has married and settled there. (b) Aleipata Hospital area is still under the charge of a European Medical Officer, who'has an interpreter-cadet and two trained Native nurses to assist him. He also makes periodical trips round his district. (c) Lefaga —Safata area has now three dispensaries in charge of trained Native nurses —at Fusi, Sataua (Lotofaga), and Matautu. (d) Fagaloa Bay, which is very inaccessible, is still in charge of a trained Native nurse. (e) Tuasivi Hospital area is staffed as Aleipata Hospital, and serves about 45 per cent, of the population of Savai'i, a large amount of work being done from this hospital as a base. A trained Native nurse is in charge of the dispensary at the Methodist Mission at Satupaitea. (/) Safotu Hospital, on the north coast of Savai'i, is still doing good work under the charge of a Native medical practitioner assisted by a Native nurse. (g) The part of Savai'i from Salailua to Asau is a difficult one to cater for owing to coastal conditions. At present we have still three dispensaries in the district, each with a trained Native nurse —at Gagaemalea, Samataitai, and Asau. In the near future it is hoped to place a Native medical practitioner at Falelima, which will command the whole of the western end of the island. Infectious Diseases. These returns do not include all cases of infectious diseases occurring in the Territory, but only those notified from Apia Hospital: Dysentery, bacillary, 25 ; dysentery, amoebic, 1 ; pneumonia, lobar, 46 ; pneumonia, bronchial, 8 ; enteric fever group, 23 ; leprosy, 3 ; pulmonary tuberculosis, 9 ; tubercular peritonitis, 2 ; Meningitis, T. 8., and pneumococcus, 6 ; gonorrhoea, 1 ; beriberi, 8 ; tetanus, 6 ; puerperal septicaemia, 3. (1) Bacillary dysentery is endemic in Western Samoa, the cases reported occurring from February to July. There was a small outbreak on the east coast of Savai'i in January and February, 1928, but it soon petered out. (2) Influenza : Very few cases have been met with during the year. (3) Hookworm : Only 606 treatments have been given during the year, and no bad cases were met with. It has not been possible to undertake malagas for this purpose. (4) Yaws : The total number of injections given throughout the Territory for the past year is 7,450, regular treatment having been carried out in the Apia Hospital and district, in the Aleipata Hospital area, and along the north coast of Upolu from Mulifanua to Falefa. Tuasivi Hospital district has also had regular treatment, and the rest of Savai'i was attended to on a malaga commenced at the end of December, 1927. Very few primary sores are now met with, and the disease is well under control, though naturally it will take some years to stamp it out. (5) Leprosy : In May, 1927, seven lepers were transferred to Makogai, the Leper Asylum in Fiji, and there are now two cases in hospital awaiting transfer. We have twenty-eight lepers in Fiji at present: Samoans, nine males, six females ; Chinese, three males ; half-caste Europeans, three males, three females ; Solomon-Islanders, three males ; Cook-Islander, one male. Quarantine. During the year eighty-five vessels arrived from overseas, and pratique was granted in every case. Quarantine Intelligence Service.—As last year, this consists of weekly radios from New Zealand giving information as to existent epidemic diseases present in that country, and also any valuable information in respect to other parts of the Pacific. In addition, fortnightly messages from London
8
A. 4
to New Zealand are posted on here, all matters of importance being sent by radio. The Eastern Bureau of the League of Nations Health Organization in Singapore broadcasts returns of epidemic diseases weekly, which are picked up by the Apia Wireless Station, and they also post the weekly fasciculus regularly. In accordance with the resolutions passed at the International Health Conference held in Melbourne in December, 1926, at which Western Samoa was represented by Dr. Ritchie, and agreed to by the New Zealand Government, epidemic diseases occurring in this Territory are promptly wirelessed to External Affairs in Wellington, and from them, after notifying the Health Department, to the Director of Public Health in Melbourne, thus keeping up a constant chain of communication. In addition, a wireless message is despatched to Wellington on the Ist of every month, and a quarterly and yearly report of the health of the islands are forwarded and sent on by them as before to Melbourne. Food and Drugs. The New Zealand Food and Drugs Act, 1908, with its regulations, is in force in Western Samoa. During the year the following foodstuffs were condemned and destroyed under the supervision of the officers of the Department: Meat in kegs, 270 lb. ; frozen meat, 463 lb. ; canned meat, 774 lb. ; butter, 195 lb.; fish, 20 lb. ; fruit, 95 lb. ; bacon, 10 lb. Sanitation. (a) European. —Permits issued, 72 ; water-closets installed, 14; sinks installed, 24 ; lavatorybasins installed, 20; cast-iron baths installed, 9; septic tanks constructed, 9; drainage, 1,426 ft. ; number of loads of rubbish removed to the dump, 1,248. (b) General. —Native sanitation : Inspections for the year, 3,551 ; nuisances discovered and rectified, 1,054. It will be noted that there is a decided falling-off in the number of premises inspected, and the reason is not far to seek. The Inspectors have done their best, but, owing to the Mau feeling which has prevailed in and around Apia, in many instances it has not been possible to carry out the work owing to the various obstacles placed in their way by the owners of the land ov fales. There can be no doubt that sanitation generally has suffered very much in the past year, and it is feared that it will be some considerable time before any improvement can take place. In this, as in most matters medical, the co-operation of the Natives is essential to success. At present a lot of sanitary work is being done in and around Apia in the way of drainage, septic tanks, &c., but the Natives have unfortunately dropped far behind, especially in the matter of drop-latrines over the sea, and there are complaints from all parts of both islands as to the condition of the villages. Vital Statistics (Samoan). Population. The total Native population on the Ist January, 1927, was estimated to be 38,003. NATIVE POPULATION, WESTERN SAMOA. Males. Females. Total. At Ist January, 1927 .. .. .. .. 19,383 18,620 38,003 Live births during 1927.. .. .. .. 824 812 1,636 Arrivals from overseas .. .. .. .. 555 386 941 Deaths during 1927 .. . . . . .. 286 209 " 495 Departures for overseas . . . . .. 534 336 870 Population at 31st December, 1927 (estimate) .. 19,942 19,273 39,215 Natural increase .. .. .. . . 538 603 1,141 Excess of arrivals over departures .. .. 21 50 71 Total increase of population .. .. .. 559 653 1,212 The percentage increase in population during 1927 was 3-18, as compared with 3-58 in 1926 and 3-26 in 1925. The arrivals aiid departures will be found to balance each other over a period of years. Births. The births of 1,636 living children were registered during 1927, giving a birth-rate per thousand of mid-year population of 42-37. For 1926 and 1925 the figures were 1,965 and 2,003, the birth-rates being 52-62 and 56-3 respectively. Deaths. During the year 495 deaths were registered, giving a death-rate per thousand of mid-year population of 12-82, whereas during 1926 and 1925 the deaths numbered 723 and 857, with death-rates of 19-36 and 23-75 respectively. Infant Mortality. The infant-mortality rate for the year under review is 101 per thousand births registered, which compared with 106 for 1926, 186 for 1925, and 153 for 1924 reads very well. Owing, however, to the very strong reasons for believing that this rate is merely approximate, it is not advisable to attach much weight to it. It is a grave pity that the mortality-rate for this year has to be viewed with suspicion, as under normal conditions of registration, coupled with the absence of epidemics in any form, a low mortality-rate was confidently anticipated ; but as matters stand at present it is not possible to give more accurate figures.
2—A. 4.
9
A.—4
Hospital and Dispensary Statistics for the Year ended 31st March, 1928.
The above figures do not include children seen in our child-welfare work, cases attended to at mission stations where no nurse is stationed, nor the numbers visited by members of the European staff.
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT. Grade II Schools (Mission). The earlier part of the year proved rather troublous for these schools, and in some districts work was so seriously retarded and interfered with by Mau influence that several schools had to be closed. As the year advanced the people realized the folly of depriving children of the advantages of education, and hastily set about rectifying it. The attendance at these schools has now improved considerably, showing a total of 1,908 pupils, an increase of 141 over the previous year's figures. Of the forty-one schools established previously four have had to be closed, whilst the question of closing several others, owing to lack of support, is receiving consideration. Considerable improvement has been noticed in the teaching skill of the Native Grade II teachers, and in the ability of pupils promoted from these schools this year to Vaipouli and Avele. The improved efficiency must be attributed to the efforts of European organizers and qualified Native Inspectors, and to the results accruing from refresher courses held periodically at convenient centres. These schools have benefited to a great degree by the work of Native Inspectors, who make frequent visits to the schools in the area allotted them, and give teachers instructions in method of teaching. The important work of training teachers has been developed at the Training-schools at Poutasi, Tutaga, and Malifa. Here young Native teachers are being trained in the art of teaching by both European and skilled Native teachers, the matter and methods demonstrated in lecture being put into practice in ordinary class-work. Many of last year's probationers were attached as assistants, at the beginning of this year, to schools with increased roll numbers. District Schools. Avele (Upolu).—The allocation of 100 acres of land by the Administration four years ago for the establishment of an agricultural school has been justified. Thirty-five acres are now under cultivation with food crops, which is sufficient to render the school self-supporting. Entrants from Grade II schools, Upolu, in February, 1928, were 36 ; promoted to Malifa, 27. School work is progressing very satisfactorily, the subjects of the curriculum bearing mostly on agriculture as required by the Samoan. Roll number, 72 ; tone and discipline excellent; health good. Vai-pouli (Savai'i). —The school is now in a better condition than it has ever been. The work of reconstructing all school buildings was completed about the middle of last year. The examination results at the end of last year were very satisfactory. A mild attack of influenza was experienced during the past quarter, but no serious cases were reported. Roll number, 86 ; tone and discipline excellent; promoted to Malifa, 18. Malifa District School. —The New Zealand Proficiency Examination was held last November, and all ten candidates presented qualified, with a high percentage of marks. Eight of these proficiency pupils have since been engaged by the Department as teachers in Grade II schools. Reports on these new teachers are excellent, and a noticeable increase in roll numbers is observed in the schools where these boys are stationed. After examination, forty-five promotions were made from Vaipouli and Avele to Malifa at the beginning of the year. The number withdrawn totalled nineteen. On an average these entrants were more efficient and younger than those admitted previously, thus showing
10
Hospitals. Totals, Dispensaries. including! of In-patients. Dispensaries [ Aioi an( l Number g • Apia. Tuasivi. Safotu. Travel- Stations. of AttendP ' ling ances. 2 E 5 I Unlte - I I & j g (a) In hospital, 1/4/27 82 5 12 3 102 Fagamalo .. .. 4,975 (a) 10 51 41 Fagaloa .. .. 3,074 (b) Admitted during 1,104 74 ! 105 95 1,378 Falelatai* .. .. 311 (b) 185 888 305 year Fusi .. .. 1,670 (c) Discharged during 1,077 66 111 94 1,348 Fasitootai.. .. 5,786 (c) 178 850 320 year Gagaemalae .. 5,731 (d) Died during year 45 5 4 2 56 Lefaga .. .. 3,464 (d) 9 41 6 Lufilufi .. .. 2,115 (e) Remaining, 31/3/28 64 8 2 2 76 Malua .. .. 5,675 (e) 8 48 20 Out-patients attend- 41,541 7,059 5,635 6,927 120,191 Mulifanua .. 4,133 ances, including Samataitai .. 4,531 dressings Satalo* .. .. 6,017 Treatments for yaws 4,473 1,625 626 726 7,450 Sataua .. .. 3,046 (N.A.B.) | Satupaitea .. 5,653 Treatment for hook- 60 I 442 104 606 Vaiala* .. .. 1,054 worm | Lotofaga .. .. 1,788 Operations— i Major .. .. 218 .. j 57 42 317 Total .. 59,023 Minor .. .. 992 29 185 24 1,230 * Returns incomplete. Vaiala closed 17th September. Falelatai closed 20th October.
A.—4
the results of the present educational system. Classes from Malifa School attended the Apia Technical School until the end of the year for instruction in woodwork, plumbing, engineering, and wireless. Reports show satisfactory work having been done. Roll number, 96. Ifi Ifi School (European).—Good work has been accomplished in all classes throughout the year. The cookery class was most' successfully conducted. Its establishment was justified on account of the valuable service it renders pupils leaving school. Interest in school sports has been keen. Proficiency Examination: Candidates presented, 3. Results—Proficiency, 2; competency, 1. Junior National Scholarship Examination: Candidates presented, 2; candidates successful, 2. This is the first occasion on which the honour has been won by pupils of Ifi Ifi School. The holders of this certificate are entitled to £40 per annum and three years' free college education in New Zealand. Discipline good ; roll number, 213. Technical School. Evening classes were well attended at the commencement, but counter-attractions claimed many of the pupils during the year, leaving only a few ambitious students in each class. In the commercial and drawing classes a good average attendance was maintained throughout the year, and commendable progress observed in the examination results. The day classes were regularly attended by classes from the various schools. A keen interest in the practical side of the lessons was always displayed, and in the annual examination splendid results were achieved in this work. Examinations. Examinations for the Post and Telegraph Department of New Zealand, Accountancy of New Zealand, Public Service Entrance, Junior National Scholarship, and New Zealand Proficiency were supervised by the Superintendent of Schools during the year. Refresher Course for Native Teachers. Refresher courses for Native teachers in Government and Grade II mission schools were held for a period of two weeks in January last, at Malifa and Yaipouli Schools. A general programme of work was outlined for the year, and model lessons covering all subjects in the curriculum were taken daily by European and qualified Native teachers. The methods of teaching adopted by European instructors had direct bearing on the practical side of education, and wherever possible the subjects were correlated with tropical agriculture, or embraced village life. Plantation-managers delivered a series of ably demonstrated lectures on the production of rubber, cocoa, and copra. Professor A. Thomson, of the Apia Observatory, delivered an interesting lecture on the rainfall of Samoa, illustrating by means of graphs the amount of rainfall in various districts and the effect it had on the products of these islands. At the close of the course the Administrator visited the schools and addressed the teachers on the value of their work and the effect it will have in raising the standard of village life. Badges were awarded to those teachers who had qualified. Visit to New Zealand of Native Teachers, Taua'a and Karene. In January last arrangements were made for two Native teachers, Taua'a and Karene, under the guidance of the Superintendent of Schools, to visit New Zealand for a month for the purpose of observing the modern methods of teaching practised in the larger schools and training colleges there. These teachers travelled throughout both Islands, and visited training colleges, technical schools, agricultural colleges, factories, and farms in the various provinces. Many new methods were observed, and a broad, general knowledge of the industries of New Zealand was acquired. Since the return of these teachers several lectures and practical demonstrations on the methods of teaching observed in New Zealand have been given by them to Native teachers in local schools.
Roll Numbers and Average Attendances at Government Schools during the Year ended 31st March, 1928.
11
Ifllfl. Malifa. Mali^ a ch^ inillg ' j VaipouU.j Avele. Total. Date. — Boys. Gills. Boys. Girls, j Boys. | Girls. I ( ojjy S Boys. Girls. Roll Numbers. 30th June, 1927 .. 101 106 70 3 127 95 65 I 85 448 204 652 30th September, 1927 .. 98 106 70 3 55 52 65 85 373 161 534 31st December, 1927 .. 98 103 70 3 84 86 65 75 392 192 584 31st March, 1928 .. 113 100 95 1 146 ! 102 ! 86 72 512 203 715 Average Attendance. 30th June, 1927 .. I 184 ; 69 174 54 j 79 .. 560 30th September, 1927 .. ! 182 ! 69 100 54 66 .. 471 31st December, 1927 .. 177 i 69 I 150 I 54 : 60 .. ' 510 31st March, 1928 184 | 77 170 70 j 64 .. 565
A.—4
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT. Administration of Justice. Returns are attached. The outstanding feature of the year is the crippling of the authority of the High Court owing to the increasing difficulty experienced in the last half of the year in securing the execution by the Native police of warrants and other processes against persons belonging to the party politically opposed to the Government. The attitude towards the Court of persons who refuse to acknowledge its processes is a corollary to the general policy of passive resistance adopted towards the Administration, and is not dictated by any special sentiment in regard to the administration of justice. Natives belonging to the party adopting this policy are not themselves averse to using the Court as plaintiffs or complainants. The figures in the return of criminal cases are swelled by the conviction on the 28th February, 1928, of 400 Natives (each on two charges) in connection with the picketing of shops by the anti-Government party. The smaller number of civil actions filed reflects, as was anticipated in last year's report, the operation of the Native Trade Debts Ordinance, 1925. Grown Law Work. Four Ordinances have been drafted, and the volume of other Crown Law work has been normal. Land Registrations, etc. A return of documents registered in the Land Registry is attached. Sixteen instruments have been registered under the Chattels Transfer Act, ninety marriages recorded, eight probates or other authorities to administer taken out, no petitions in bankruptcy filed, and two companies registered. Return of Documents registered for the Year ended 31st March, 1928. —Conveyances, 29 ; mortgages, 10; releases of mortgages, 17 ; leases, 86 ; Crown grants, 8 ; miscellaneous, 47 ; total, 197. High Court of Western Samoa, at Apia. Return of Criminal Cases for the Year ended 31st March, 1928. —Sitting-days, 181; persons charged, 1,325; convictions recorded, 1,248; dismissed on merits, 46; withdrawn by leave of Court, 31. Return of Civil Cases for the Year ended 31st March, 1928. —Sitting-days, 107 ; actions filed, 475 ; actions heard, 530 ; judgments given, 479 ; withdrawn or struck out, 51. AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT. The work during the past year has not, owing to the political troubles, proceeded along normal lines. The situation has become increasingly difficult with each successive quarter, until of late months the efforts of the Inspectors —European and Native —to induce the Natives to obey the law regarding cleaning of plantations, searching for beetles, and new plantings have been almost entirely abortive. The District Inspectors have done their best under very trying circumstances, and no blame can be attached to them for the present-day sad condition of Native plantations. Weather. Weather conditions throughout the year have been very favourable from an agricultural point of view. There have been no prolonged droughts, while the rainfall, although heavy at times, has only on one or two occasions been accompanied by boisterous winds. A severe squall occurring early in February of this year resulted in damage to banana plantations situated in the higher altitudes. Total precipitation for the year 1927 was 132-40 in., an increase of 28-74 in. over the previous year. Copra. (See also chart in Appendix D.) Production figures for the year ended 31st December, 1927, totalled 11,864 tons, as compared with 12,592 tons of the previous year, a decrease of 728 tons. The figures for the year ended 31st December, 1927, are as hereunder :— Tons Copra export for year 1927 .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,665 Stocks on hand at 31st December, 1927 .. .. .. .. 2,434 14,099 Less stocks on hand at 31st December, 1926 .. .. .. .. 2,235 Production for the year .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,864 Production for year 1926 .. .. .. .. .. .. 12,592 Production for year 1927 .. .. .. .. .. . . 11,864 Showing decrease of .. .. .. .. .. 728 Native production, 80 per cent; European production, 20 per cent. Commenting on the total Native output for the year, it became apparent very soon after the first quarter of 1927 that our anticipations for a record copra year would not be realized. The reasons for this are too well known to require recapitulation here, but sufficient evidence has already
12
A.—4
been recorded in previous reports to point to the fact that a very large portion of Native copra has been allowed to rot on the plantations. It is difficult to estimate the quantity lost in this manner, but it undoubtedly represents a very considerable tonnage. Licenses in connection with the copra-buying industry have been issued as hereunder Savai'i. Upolu. Total. Green-copra buyers' licenses .. .. .. .. 1 10 11 Ordinary-copra buyers'licenses .. .. .. 61 119 180 62 129 191 Quality. —Although the quality of copra bought by traders has not yet reached the standard aimed at by the Administration, it shows improvement as compared with previous years. This improvement is reflected in the number of convictions recorded for breach of the regulations, which during the period amounted to only sixteen, with fines and costs totalling £64 75., as against thirty-seven convictions with fines and costs amounting to £244 12s. for the previous year. During the past year the Administration, in its efforts to raise the standard of quality, and incidentally to command higher prices, shipped on behalf of Samoan producers 171 tons of first-grade sun-dried copra. The net prices obtained by the Natives were £15 18s. Id. and £16 18s. Id. respectively for two parcels. Market Reports. The following table shows the estimated total all-in cost per ton of high-grade copra up to the time of landing in the United Kingdom or on the Continent: — £ s. d. Advance at, say, Mulifanua at 3J cents per pound per ton . . 15 13 7 Handling, bagging, and loading .. .. .. .. .. . . 056 Freight to Apia at 10s. 6d. per 1,000 lb. .. .. .. .. . . .13 7 Shrinkage before landing at Apia (2§ per cent, on £17 2s. Bd.). .. .. . . 0 8 7 Expenses and insurance in Apia .. .. .. .. .. . , ..050 Shrinkage in Apia prior to shipment (5 per cent, on £17 16s. 3d.) .. . . . 017 10 Export duty .. .. .. .. .. .. .100 Lighterage, 65.; carting and shipping, Apia, 3s. 6d. .. .. .. .. .. 0 9 6 Sacks and twine .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 18 6 F.0.b., Apia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 21 2 1 Freight to European port .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 10 0 Weighing and landing charges .. .. .. .. .. .. ..016 Marine insurance .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..027 Brokerage .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..026 Shrinkage (2J per cent, on £21 2s. la.) .. .. .. .. .. 0 10 7 Exchange (1£ per cent, on £21 2s. Id.) .. .. .. .. .. ..053 New Zealand Reparation Estates commission (5 per cent, on £21 2s. Id.) .. .. 110 £26 15 6 Prices for copra have been fairly well maintained, reaching as high as £28 12s. 6d. during January, 1928. Advices received towards the end of March show the market to have eased, the price quoted being £27 17s. 6d., with a tendency to firmness. The average price of Samoan Native copra in London for the year 1927 was £26 2s. 6d., while the average price paid throughout the Territory by merchants was £10 6s. lid. per ton. The cacao market has remained fairly steady during the January-March quarter, the latest quotation being at the time of writing £87 10s. per ton, which figure represents the average price paid in London for Samoan cacao for the year 1927. Rubber prices for the first half of last year were well maintained at round about Is. 7d. per pound. Towards the latter half of the year the price gradually declined, to again recover during December. Latest advices, however, show a rapid fall to Is. per pound, with prospects of a further fall. Native Plantations. The indifferent attitude adopted by the people with respect to their own interests is remarkable. Already many thousaijds of young palms and bananas have been choked out with weeds, thus rendering void to a very great extent this important branch of the Department's work of the past two years. The rhinoceros-beetle is undoubtedly increasing throughout both islands, and it is anticipated that if the present conditions of Native inactivity obtain much longer we shall once more have to face a situation such as existed during the years 1915-17, when the depredations of the pest threatened the very life of the copra industry. It is no exaggeration to state that the outlook to-day with regard to the copra industry is very disquieting. From the reports of the District Inspectors it is estimated that the copra crop prospects for 1928, assuming that the Native plantations receive immediate attention, are even better than the past year, but whether the Samoans will take full advantage of the fact is at present highly problematical
13
A.—4
It appears that food reserves in most villages are receiving a fair amount of attention, it apparently being learned from past experience that neglect to maintain sufficient food-supplies invariably leads to hardship. In some villages the Women's Committees are engaged in the work of cleaning up the taro plantations, which fact would indicate that in some places the heads of the families have been absent from their villages for some time past. European Plantations. (See also chart in Appendix D.) Taking everything into consideration, the European planters have experienced a very good season. Cacao crops in particular have been above the average, and the prices obtained for the product very satisfactory. More attention has been given to some of the minor industries, such as papain, the export of which has attained this year a value of £790, as compared with £61 for the previous year. This industry has proved to be a profitable one, and, as there is a steady demand abroad for the product, a further increase in the export figures should be shown this year. The European plantations, with a few exceptions, are in excellent condition, and the prospects for another good season are bright. The banana industry has engaged the a number of planters, and although the area at present under cultivation is relatively small it is anticipated that it will materially increase during the year. Coming to the output of cacao during 1927, a considerable improvement both in quality and quantity is manifested as compared with the previous year. The figures are — Tons. Cacao exports from Ist January, 1927, to 31st December, 1927 .. .. 792 Stocks on hand at 31st December, 1927 .. .. .. .. .. 119 911 Less stocks on hand at 31s - December, 1926 .. .. .. .. 154 Production for year 1927 .. .. .. .. .. 757 Production for year 1927 .. .. .. .. .. .. 757 Production for year 1926 .. .. .. .. .. .. 495 Showing increase of .. .. .. .. .. 262 The Produce Inspector reports that the quality of cacao produced during the period was far above that of any previous year. Of the 757 tons produced, only 5j tons was graded as inferior, and 35 tons shipped on its merits, the balance being up to the standard required by the Government. Rubber. Practically all areas under this cultivation are now being tapped, and, with the additional acreage recently acquired and operated by the New Zealand Reparation Estates, the output for the next few years should —provided always, of course, that the market remains a profitable one — witness a substantial and progressive increase in the export of the product. As was anticipated, the output for the year exceeded 150 tons, and is easily a record for the Territory. Figures relating to production are as hereunder :— Tons. Export of rubber from Ist January, 1927, to 31st December, 1927 .. .. 158 Stocks on hand at 31st December, 1927 .. . . .. .. 16 174 Less stocks on hand at 31st December, 1926 .. .. .. .. 8 Production for year 1927 .. .. .. .. .. .. 166 \ Production for year 1927 .. .. .. .. .. .. 166 Production for year 1926 .. .. .. .. .. 41 Showing increase of .. .. .. .. 125 Cotton. Ginning operations of the season's crop were completed in February, and the total output was a little over 2 tons. As compared with the previous year's output we are approximately 1 ton deficient. Practically no interest has been taken during the past year in this industry by the Samoans, and the output referred to has been obtained mainly from European sources. As a result of this the Administration decided no longer to subsidize the industry, and the price offered for the coming season's crop has now been reduced by 2d. per pound. It has been demonstrated by experiment that, given moderate attention, an output of 800 lb. to I,ooolb. per acre of seed cotton can be obtained, and that grown on new cultivations in conjunction with cacao or coconuts it is a payable catch-crop.
14
A.—4
Tapatapao Experimental Station. Following on the initial opening of this estate as an experimental station in September, 1926, a good deal of progress has been made. At the time of the Department's taking over the estate was more or less in an abandoned condition. The station has devoted a good deal of time towards developing some of the minor industries, and to educating the Natives of the rising generation in the general principles of modern agriculture. In pursuance of this policy, Samoan youths have been received at the station as cadets and given free training and instruction in plant-propagation, grafting, and general agricultural work. The knowledge that these youths have gained should at least serve to encourage them in the habit of growing useful food crops. Of late months, however, owing to the growth of the political agitation among the Natives, this work has ceased, and the youths have been prevented from availing themselves of the facilities afforded by the station. Pests and Diseases. There have been no serious outbreaks of disease reported during the period. In conjunction with Tapatapao Station, experiments for combating field pests have been carried out with various sprays and insecticides. Belumnite, a new preparation, proved to be most powerfully effective in use against aphis. Canker (Pytophthora faberi) : This disease remains normal ; and, since there has been no serious outbreak for the past eight or nine years it may be stated with some measure of confidence that the present-day Samoan hybrid cacao is resistant to this disease to a considerable degree. Oryctes nasicornis (rhinoceros-beetle) : This pest, which has been referred to earlier in the report, is noticeably on the increase as the result of the neglect of Native plantations. Rats : Destruction by rodents has not been as heavy as usual, due no doubt to the increase in precipitation, which was responsible for the destruction of large numbers in their nests. Limumea and pink disease : Limumea was found to be in evidence among the rubber-trees on the Aleisa property. The disease, however, is reported as being now well under control, and all trees affected have either been destroyed or otherwise treated. Pink disease has been more in evidence this year, but has been confined mainly to cacao estates. In most cases the disease received attention in its early stages, and therefore was not responsible for serious damage. Flying-foxes (Pteropus sp.) : The damage done by bats has not been so serious this year. They appear to have confined their attentions more to forest-trees. This may be accounted for by the fact that the period of fruiting of many of the forest-trees has coincided with those under cultivation. An attempt was made to retain flying-foxes in captivity, with the object of testing the efficacy of a cholera virus which is obtained from diseased chickens. All attempts to keep the foxes alive for the required period, however, have so far been unsuccessful. Other pests and diseases are of minor importance and call for no special mention.
Beetles (Oryctes nasicornis) collected on Native and European Plantations.
CUSTOMS AND MARINE DEPARTMENT. The total trade of the Territory for the calendar year 1927 amounted to £640,347, being a decrease of £5,376 as compared with the previous year. This decrease would have been much greater but for the fact that produce awaiting export to the value of £34,000 was held over from the year 1926 owing to shortage of shipping facilities, and shipped during the year 1927. Revenue. The total money collected by the Department during the year, including amount from the Public Works Department for goods sold, amounted to £78,580, as compared with £70,505 for the financial year 1926-27, an increase of £8,075. The following headings show increases: Import duties, £3,864 ; export duties, £4,721 ; lease of sheds, wharfage, &c., £377 ; taxes, £90, Decreases were shown in shipping fees, £258, and miscellaneous, £719.
15
(Last year's figures are also given for comparison.) Native Plantations. | European Plantations. Beetles. Larvae. | Eggs. Beetles, J Larvae ; Eggs. Upolu— Year ended 31/3/28 .. 68,521 2,559,816 420,155 49,077 359,857 43,531 31/3/27 .. 76,298 3,026,185 298,480 11,325 156,604 30,745 Savai'i — Year ended 31/3/28 .. 34,945 771.166 157,026 2,553 30,784 5,983 31/3/27 .. 63,602 1,391,069 197,317 4,121 42,709 10,076 Totals — Year ended 31/3/28 103,466 3,330,982 577,181 : 51,630 390,641 49,514 31/3/27 139,900 4,417,254 495,797 j 15,446 199,313 40,821
A—4.
The following are the receipts under the principal headings, showing a comparison with the previous year : —
Customs Statistics. (See also graph in Appendix D.) The total value of imports for the calendar year 1927 was £304,369, as compared with £324.940 for 1926, a decrease of £20,571. The following table shows the countries whence imported, with a comparison for the previous year : — m
The import-trade decrease of £20,571 is made up as follows : Decreases from New Zealand, £3,270 ; Australia, £19,150 ; United States of America, £14,928. Increases are shown in United Kingdom, £12,525 ; Fiji, £885 ; Germany, £1,648 ; other countries, £1,719. The principal items which may be commented on are : Flour declined £3,396 (Australia) ; rice, £1,062 (Australia) ; rice, unmilled, £6,977 (Australia) ; timber, £2,473 (U.S. America) ; vehicles, including motor-vehicles and parts, £5,416 (Canada £2,000 and U.S. America £3,416) ; benzine, £3,771 (U.S. America). Increases are as follows : Drugs, £1,223 (United Kingdom) ; machinery, £2,001 (United Kingdom) ; drapery, £3,004 (United Kingdom). The exports for 1927 show an increase of £15,195 on the previous year, the figures being £335,978, as compared with £320,783 for the calendar year 1926. The increase is shown in cocoa and rubber. Copra.—The export of copra for the calendar year 1927 was 11,665 tons, valued at £242,672, as compared with 12,249 tons, valued at £275,086, for 1926. The political agitation is responsible for the shortage, as the Natives are the principal producers, and in making a very conservative estimate it is considered that about 2,000 tons have been lost through this movement. Cocoa. —The cocoa export was 792 tons, valued at £48,216, in comparison with 356 tons, valued at £20,151, for the year 1926. Good crops are reported, and it is anticipated the present year will see an increase on last year's figures. Rubber. —The export of rubber has increased considerably, the figures for 1927 showing 158 tons, valued at £24,802, as compared with 33|- tons, valued at £6,702, for the previous year. With new plantations being worked it is considered there will be a further increase in this year's output. Re-ex/ports. —These amount to £18,229, which includes £16,164 bullion, for the year 1927, as compared with £18,260, including £15,800 bullion, for the year 1926,
16
1926-27. 1927-28. j Increase, j Decrease. £ £ £ £ Import duties .. .. .. 42,991 46,855 3,864 Export duties— Copra .. .. .. JO,874 13,849 Cocoa .. .. .. .. .. 1,087 1,614 Rubber .. .. .. .. 460 1,666 Beche-de-mer . . .. . . . . .. 13 12,421 17,142 4,721 Shipping fees .. .. . 2,379 2,121 .. 258 Lease of sheds, &c. .. .. 682 1,059 377 Taxes .. .. 9,421 9,511 90 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 2,611 1,892 .. 719 Totals .. . . 70,505 78,580 9,052 977 Less .. .. .. .. .. .. 977 Net increase .. .. .. .. .. 8,075
1926. 1927. From , Value. | Percentage. Value. Percentage. £ £ United Kingdom .. .. .. 50,368 15-5 62,893 20-6 New Zealand .. .. .. .. 92,159 28-4 88,889 29-2 Australia .. .. .. .. 87,850 27-0 68,700 22-5 United States of America .. .. 66,273 204 51,345 16-8 Other countries .. .. .. .. 28,290 8-7 32,542 10-9 Total .. .. .. 324,940 100-0 304,369 100-0
A.—4
Total Net Receipts at Customhouse, Apia.
Harbour Section. Shipping.—Returns of inward and outward shipping for the Port of Apia during the year will be found appended. Lights, Buoys, and Beacons.—Gas-supplies have been renewed on all lights ; towers painted ; new piping put in at Fanuatapu, where corrosion seems very heavy ; beacons cleared of undergrowth, and woodwork renewed where necessary, and painted. Nos. 2 and 3 buoys landed, fenders resheathed, and buoys painted with three coats composition. Cables were hove in and six badly-worn links cut out and new shackles fitted. Passages.—No work has been done on passages, and a number of pins will have to be replaced. Blasting-work has been carried out in the area around the new wharf and a large quantity of coral removed. Men have been fully employed around harbour, and it has not been possible to do outside work. Maintenance. —Both launches have been hauled out, resheathed and coppered, engines examined and checked. Blasting-lighter, coal-lighter, hauled out and overhauled. Old pumping plant replaced with new unit. Drilling plant overhauled and in good condition. " Lady Roberts."—Bottom has been scrubbed under water twice, but vessel will need to be slipped this year. She is in fair condition for her age.
Overseas Merchant Shipping, Port of Apia, for Year ended 31st March, 1928.
3—A. 4,
17
(To nearest pound sterling.) i Stevedoring and rI , ,, I Lease of Sheds Taxes, j Other Ypftr Import Export Shipping and Lighters*, Na -tive-travel Receipts, Total Net | : mdWhitaget. W "° ,E " te *' Ll ' ul "' £ £ £ £ £ £ £ 1927-28 .. 46,855 17,142 ; 2,121 1,059 9,511 1,892 78,580 1926-27 .. 42,991 12,421 2,379 682 9,421 2,611 70,505 1925-26 .. 51,076 15,445 ! 2,439 700 9,509 2,294 81,463 1924-25 .. 43,015 ; 15,008 1 2,268 796 8,909 3,610 73,606 1923-24 .. 41,948 11,685 2,195 1,029 9,495 2,098 68,450 1922-23 .. 45,673 1 16,272 j 1,962 889 10,125 1,017 75,938 1921-22 .. 56,824 14,395 ; 1,779 1,209 9,540 653 84,400 * Lighters purchased outright by Stevedoring Co., Ltd., and rents ceased, July, 1924. t Wharfage fees from 22nd August, 1927. { Travelling passes since 1st April, 1924, collected by police.
Inwards. Outwards. Num- Numj ber of j Tons. | Cargo. ber of | Tons. 1 Cargo. [Vessels. j Vessels.| June quarter, 1927 .. .. British 14 j 21,302 4,708 13 21,668 4,192 Foreign ; I 3,722 10 ; 1 3,722 1,935 15 1 28,024 4,718 14 25,390 6,127 September quarter, 1927 .. British 14 , 12,615 2,221 17 , 15,350 1,921 Foreign 1 3,737 5 1 3,737 1,077 15 ; 16,352 2,226 18 ! 19,087 2,998 December quarter, 1927 .. .. British 15 | 15,997 3,494 13 15,896 1.508 Foreign 1 3,496 6 1 3,496 868 16 19,493 3,500 j 14 19,392 2,376 March quarter, 1928 .. .. British 14 18,774 2,408 13 18,722 2,020 Foreign 1 4,038 .. 1 4,038 1,912 15 22,812 2,408 14 22,760 3,932 Year ended 31st March, 1928 .. British 57 71,688 12,831 56 71,636 9,641 Foreign 4 14,993 21 1 14,993 5,792 61 : 86,681 ! 12,852 !| 60 : 86,629 j 15,433 In addition to the above, eleven warships, three New Zealand Government steamers, and three yachts entered and cleared the Port of Apia (no sailing-ships).
A. —4,
LABOUR DEPARTMENT. During the year two Chinese labourers were repatriated—one at his own request, on account of sickness, and the other as an undesirable. Seven men died through natural causes,' one was accidentally killed, and one man was murdered. A coolie is being charged before the High Court in connection with this latter crime. No new Chinese labour arrived in the Territory during the year, but it is anticipated that some 464 men will arrive during the coming year to replace those time-expired men being repatriated. The general health of the Chinese is good ; beriberi has been practically stamped out among the men now in Samoa. The number of labourers required to report to the Labour Commissioner continues to show the success of the free-labour conditions, as the following figures indicate : —
The number of Chinese labourers in Western Samoa at the 31st March, 1928, was 935, as compared with 946 at the 31st March, 1927, and 1,328 five years ago. In addition to the Chinese labourers there are 146 Melanesian labourers remaining in the Territory. These labourers were introduced during the period of German administration, and remain of their own volition, not wishing to be repatriated. POLICE AND PRISONS DEPARTMENT. The criminal statistics published below deal with all offences reported during the year, and show a decrease as compared with the previous year. This reduction cannot be taken as a true index of the position. It is due largely to the activities of the political organization known as the " Mau," which has prevented the police from properly functioning. Police. At the close of the year the strength of the Police Force was sixty-nine, comprising ten Europeans and fifty-nine Samoans. The European police include six special constables from New Zealand, seconded for service in Samoa owing to the existing anti-Government movement, and the Samoan police include thirty-one special Native constables enrolled for a similar reason. Prisons. The prison staff consist of a Gaoler (a locally-born European), eight Samoan warders, and two Samoan wardresses. The total number of prisoners received during the year was 219, and the total discharged 213, a total of forty-five remaining in gaol at the 31st March. The prisoners at Tuvao Prison Farm are employed continuously on plantation work. They are taught the correct methods of the culture and treatment of cacao, cotton, copra, taro, bananas, peanuts, and the like, and also care of stock. They also repair fences, stockyards, and buildings. Prisoners serving a sentence of one year or more have 25 per cent, of their sentence remitted if their conduct and industry have been satisfactory. In addition, as an act of grace, prisoners serving a sentence of two years or more and whose conduct has been exemplary are recommended for special remission of sentence or release on probationary license. During the year eight prisoners were released under these conditions. After release from prison, prisoners are not lost sight of, and so far it has been found that they return to civil life and no complaints have been received. The health of the prisoners has been good —there have been no deaths and no infectious diseases. A Medical Officer attends at the prison, and a suitable stock of medicines is kept there. Judges of the High Court visit the prison at regular periods, and clergymen of various denominations hold services every Sunday and other holy days. Mental Patients. During the year six mental patients were admitted and nine were discharged, two patients remaining under treatment at the end of the year.
18
Year ended Subsequent to Introduction of Free-labour 31st March, 1923, Conditions. Reason. . . P* ior t to t ~T~ n ,, 10 0 Year ended Year ended Year ended ! Year ended Year ended r ree-iaoour 3]st March> | 31st March, 31st March, 1 31st March, 31st March, uonaitions. lg24 | ]!)2 5. 1926. 1927. 1928. Medical examination .. 569 56 30 42 64 31 Complaint by employer .. 1,037 578 122 182 115 66 Complaint by labourer .. 276 201 73 146 23 8 Left work without permis- 470 189 42 31 50 38 sion or notice
A.—4.
Return showing the Number of Offences reported, the Number of Offences for which Persons were apprehended or summoned, the Number of Persons convicted or dismissed, and a Comparison of Crimes during the Year 1927.
19
1926. 1927. Offences. N „„ lh _, I Offences . „• Offences Offences 1 Number dismissed g g reported, reported. sumn^nfili convicted g g S n i ' Misleading justice— Bribery, attempted .. .. .. .. ! 2 2 2 .. 2 Escape from custody .. .. .. .. 2 2 2 2 .. .... Seditious words .. .. .. .... 1 I 1 .. 1 Contempt cf Court .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 .. 1 Offences against morality— Adultery .. .. .. ■ .. .. | 7 11 11 11 .. 4 Abduction .. .. .. .. .. i 13 6 6 6 .. .. 7 Aiding abduction .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 .. 2 2.. Incest .. .. .. ■ . .. 1 .. .. .. .. . • 1 Offences against the personAssault, common .. .. . • • 44 33 33 30 3 ..II Assault, indecent .. .. .. .. j 4 3 3 1 2 .. 1 Assault causing actual bodily harm .. .... 5 5 4 I 5 Assault causing grievous bodily harm .. .. .. 2 1 .. 1 2.. Carnal knowledge .. .. • • • • 1 .. .. . • • • •. 1 Rape .. .. •• • ■ ■ • .. 1 I . • 1 I Buggery .. .. .. .. .... 1 1 I .. 1 Buggery, a party to .. .. .... 1 1 1 .. 1 Manslaughter .. .. .... .... 1 1 1 ' X Conspiring to murder .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. 2 Murder .. .. .. .. ... 1 2 .. .. .. 1 Attempt to murder .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. . • 1 Offences against rights of property — Burglary .. .. .. 3 G I 1 .. 3.. Thefts from dwellings .. .. .. .. 18 2 2. I 1 j .. 16 Unlawfully entry .. .. .. .. j 11 •• .. .. .. I • • " Thefts .. .... .. .. 87 79 66 55 11 i .. 8 Thefts, attempted .. .. .. •. .. 1 1 • ■ 11.. Forgery .. .. .. . . .... 3 3 3 .. ; 3 Unlawful entry .. .. . . .... 5 5 5 .. 15.. Uttering forged documents .. .. .... 1 1 1 .. 1 Receiving stolen property .. .. . • 9 1 1 1 ! .. 8 Trespass .. .... .. .. j 69 37 37 j 29 8 .. 32 Wilful damage .. .. .. .. j 5 .. .. .. .. | .. 5 Police offences—Breach of the peace .. .. .. .. 33 6 6 5 1 J .. 27 Disorderly conduct .. .. .. .. j 25 18 18 i 16 2 7 Drunkenness .. . . .... .. j 5 7 7 5 2 j 2 Indecent acts .. .. .. •. • • ! 2 .. .. .. .. ] 2 Cruelty to animals .... .. . • 2 .. .. .. .... 2 Stone-throwing .. .. .. .. 2 2 2 2 .. !.... Unlawfully removing sand .. .. 3 4 4 4 .. j I Converting animals and vehicles to own use 9 8 8 8 .. j 1 Threatening language .. .. .. • • 1 1 1 •• 1 Tethering horses on public roads .. .. 4 .. .. .. .. Opium offences — Opium-smuggling .. .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. j .. 3 Opium-smoking .. .. .. . • 3 3 3 3 .. .... Aiding and abetting the smoking of opium .. 4 2 2 2 .. I .. • 2 Liquor offences— Manufacturing liquor .. .. . • .. 10 8 8 ! S .. • • | 2 Selling liquor .. .. .. .. .. I ■ 1 1 1 j 1 .. .. j .. Liquor found on premises .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. 1 1.. In possession of liquor .. .. .. .. j 2 1 1 1 .. j .. j 1 In possession of prohibited imports . . .. .. j I 1 1 J .. J 1 j .. I mporting liquor .. .. . • • • 1 1 1 1 .. Breach of the Distillation Act .. •. .. j .. 2 j 2 2 .. 2 j .. Samoan consuming liquor .. .. .. j .. 2 2 2 I .. | 2 I .. Consuming methylated spirits .. .. ..11 6 6 6 .. .. | 5 By-law breadies—Wandering cattle .. .. . • • • 1 • • • ■ ; • • .. 1 Driving, unlicensed .. .. .. • ■ 20 ; 23 23 -3 .. 3 .. Driving unlicensed vehicles .. .. .. .. 5 5 4 i 5 Driving without lights .. .. .. • • 8 1 1 I .. 7 Negligent driving .. .. .. •• 19 11 11 2 .. 8 Negligent riding .. .. .. •• 1 3 3 3' .. I 2 j .. Riding bicycles without lights .. .. .. 6 2 2 2 .. ..14 Riding without reins .. . • • • • • 22 2 2 2 .. .. j 20 Furious riding and driving .. .. ■. 6 .. .. .. .. .. 6 Breaches of the Arms Ordinance— Unlawfully in possession of arms .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. 2 Miscellaneous — Breach of Boat Traffic Ordinance .. .. | ' • • • • • • • • 1 Breach of Permits Ordinance .. . • .. 1 .. •. . • • • .. , 1 Breach of Dog Ordinance .. . • ■ ■ , 1 . • .. . • .. I • • I 1
A.—4.
Return showing the Number of Offences reported, etc. —continued.
POST AND TELEGRAPH DEPARTMENT. Savings-bank. The popularity of the Savings-bank and the confidence of local residents in it is again shown in an increased number of new accounts and transactions. During the year 269 accounts were opened and 215 were closed, thus increasing the number of live accounts to 1,438. The amount of deposits for the year was £36,127 15s. 9d., which exceeded the previous year's figures by nearly £1,000. The amount of withdrawals shows a decrease of over £6,000 compared with last year's transactions, the total amount being £31,433 15s. 4d. Thus for the year the deposits exceeded the withdrawals by over £4,694. These figures are very creditable, considering the unrest in Samoa. The amount of interest allowed being £1,808 7s. Id., brings the amount at credit of depositors to £52,335 16s. 9d. Money-orders. The money-order system is still well patronized by the public, although the figures for the year show a decrease of £8,403 compared with the previous year, the number issued being 2,259, representing a total amount of £21,850. Commission derived from this amount was £113 9s. lOd. The 200 moneyorders paid accounted for £1,227 ss. 9d. Postal Notes and British Postal Orders. The system of remitting money in small amounts to places within the British Empire is still well supported, the amount issued being £930, and the amount paid £90. The previous year's figures were £945 and £85 respectively. Stamps. The stamp-sale for the year amounted to £1,856 13s. Bd., being a decrease of £548 over the previous year's figures. Telephones. The first section of the new metallic system has now been completed, and so far has given excellent results. Revenue from telephones for the year was £1,336 12s. 2d., an increase of over £100 compared with the previous year's figures. Some difficulty has been experienced in maintaining the ApiaMulifanua line, owing to the constant malicious cutting of the circuit, but it is hoped that before long the line will be restored and kept in order. Post-office. The mail-matter delivered in Samoa during the year, estimated from a general average, was as follows : — Delivered— Letters and letter-cards .. .. 130,120 Other articles .. .. .. .. .. 70,418 — 200,538 Registered articles .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,269 Parcels .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,172 Posted — Letters and letter-cards .. .. .. .. 98,672 Other articles .. .. .. .. 19,744 118,416 Registered articles .. .. . . .. .. .. 3,601 Parcels .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 998 Customs duty amounting to £1,249 os. 9d. was collected on parcels.
20
i 1926. ; 1927. ! | n r ; Offences. Wnmher ■ i Offences . Offences Offences J,. ' Number dismissed » 3 reported, reported. £££&£. convicted. g g _ , I 1 L L _J z 1 1 ■ i i [ i Miscellaneous —continued. Breach of Samoa Offenders Ordinance .. .. 1 3 3 3 .. 2 .. Breach of Immigration Ordinance .. . . .. 4 4 4 4 Breach of Harbour Regulations .. .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. 3 Breach of Road Traffic Ordinance .. .. 8 3 3 3 5 Breach of Bulls and Stallions Ordinance .. .. 1 .. .. .. j .. .. 1 Unlawful use of explosives .. .. .. 1 .. .. j .. j .. .. 1 Obstructing public place .. .. .. 5 .. .. .. I .. .. 5 Wilfully wounding animals .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Police Offences Ordinance .. .. .. .. 11 | 11 4 7 11 Breach of Surveyors' Ordinance .. .. .. .. 7 7 3 4 7 Breach of the Maintenance of Native Authority .. 2 2 1 1 2 Ordinance Wandering animals .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 j 1 .. 1.. Totals .. .. .. 507 361 340 287 53 81 227
A.—4
Work performed for other Departments. —Amounts collected for other Departments of the Administration amounted to £2,872 4s. 7d. On behalf of the New Zealand Government the following was collected: Superannuation, £2,472 14s. Bd.; Government Insurance, £222 14s. ; National Provident, £33 13s. Id. ; miscellaneous, £100. The amounts paid were —Superannuation, £647 ss. sd. ; Pensions, £340 16s. 4d. ; miscellaneous, £343 19s. 4d. The total transactions for the year amounted to well over £100,000.
Mail-matter.
Money-orders.
Savings-bank.
Receipts due to the Samoan Administration.
Transactions on Account of the New Zealand Government.
LANDS AND SURVEY DEPARTMENT. The operations in connection with the survey of Native village lands and standard coastal traverse have been temporarily held up owing to interference with survey marks by a certain section of the Natives. The survey of Native village land presents many difficulties, owing principally to the difficulty of getting the Natives to point out boundaries. On the survey of the Lufilufi-Falefa boundary the procedure adopted was to get each village to point out its boundary independent of the other, survey the lines as pointed out, and mark out the boundary-line after considering all claims.
21
Mail-matter delivered. j Mail-matter posted. oj 'P. <*2 cr cc T»1 rrt GJ £■ Ypar t3£ « o Parcels. ~j m "o o Year * § ? % ft 8? 3 IS b£ "2 "2 4 J 5 ■"= 'to Number. Duty. §"£ .£ "& g O/M CD d)M -t? 9 rt hi o £ | o w c- ! £ s. d.< 1927-28 .. .. .. 130,120 ] 70,418 2,269 ; 4,172 ; 1,249 0 9 98,672 19,744 3,601 998 1926-27 .. .. .. 112,305 72,113 2,617 4,560 1.152 5 6 100,915 14,697 3,660 676
! " | Money-orders issued. Money-orders paid. j Br it?sh Post^Orters. Year. I ________ I __ _ 1 i ! I Number. Commission. Amount. Number. Amount. Issued. Paid. £ s. d. ■ £ s. d. £ s. d. | £ s. d. £ s. d. 1927-28 .. .. .. 2,259 1113 9 10 21,850 0 0 200 1,227 5 9 ( 930 11 3 90 15 8 1926-27 .. .. .. 2,275 132 17 3 30,253 6 9 221 1,895 16 9 J 945 4 10 85 8 5
I H-o I Amount | -|| Year 3 8 3% rtenmits Withdrawal* at Credit j Invested In Hand 3^ year ' 81 So Deposits. witndranals. 0 f Depositors at 31st March, at 31st March, g« 5 => at 31st March. : 3» I £ 8. d.l £ s. d.i £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1927-28 .. .. 269 215 36,127 15 9| 31,433 15 4 52,335 16 9! 46,533 0 0 6,831 3 3 1,438 1926-27 .. .. 579 187 35,231 10 o| 37,440 11 11 45,833 5 4j 42,414 0 0 3,607 5 1 1,394 . ' I ' ' _J I j i
Year. Stamp Sales. Radio Fees. Gazettes, laneous T?inSnf? e 'l'fnYp^ C a i?^ 1 ' Ac. Receipts. Receipts. lioxcs - Addrwscn. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. 1 £ s. d. 1927-28 .. .. 1,856 13 8 j 1,616 6 8 2 10 6 2 0 0 \ 1,336 12 2 126 10 10 2 6 8 1926-27 .. ...] 2,405 13 0 | 1,799 14 4 2 2 0 0 10 0 1,239 6 6 130 3 4 2 0 0
Receipts. Payments. Year. : I • I I I Superannua- Government j National Miscellaneous : Pensions Superannua- i Misceltion. Insurance. Provident. -Miscellaneous. lensions. tiQn | litneou9i £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. . £ s. d. 1927-28 .. .. 2,472 14 8 222 14 0 33 13 1 100 0 0 340 16 4 647 5 5 343 19 4 1926-27 .. .. 2,980 I 6 144 1 4 58 16 7 106 18 0 480 7 1 .. 17 17 1
A.—4.
As no system of triangulation had been previously carried out, it was found more economical and practicable to institute a standard coastal traverse, which would not only link up all isolated surveys but also form the groundwork of the Native village and land surveys. The standard coastal traverse was commenced in 1922, and up to date a distance of 55'5 miles has been completed. All bearings were checked by stellar observations, and all distances chained twice with link and metre steel tapes in order to provide an independent check. The degree of accuracy of the survey aimed at is lin 26,500. During the year good progress was made on the field-work, but owing to the action of Natives in Mau villages a number of marks were destroyed. It was found advisable to discontinue further work until the present trouble is settled, and in consequence the services of one staff surveyor will be dispensed with. In conjunction with the standard coastal traverse, Court grants, leases, Crown grants, Native surveys, and topographical features were fixed by compass and theodolite traverse. The number of outside surveys for the year has been small, and with the standard coastal traverse and Native-land surveys held in abeyance the staff has been able to cope with the extra work for the public. Hydro-electric Scheme. A considerable amount of time was devoted to engineering surveys of the pipe-line, power-house site, headworks, and dam-site. In addition, the locations of poles and transmission-lines were fixed, and also estimates and quantities taken out on various parts of the scheme. Public Works. Engineering surveys for the Public Works Department were carried out as follows : Vailima Drive; Moata'a water-supply, sea-wall; Vaisigano River; Solaua light railway, Solaua Road; Mulifanua water-supply, and Mulifanua light railway. New Zealand Reparation Estates. Lines were run for planting of coconuts on the new clearing at Mulifanua. General. Thirty applications to lease Native land for trading sites were investigated, and reported on as to rental and whether the sites would affect the remodelling of villages or interfere with food-supplies. One application for the sale of Native land in Apia was dealt with, and plans prepared. Plans of the standard coastal traverse are now nearing completion, and further additions were made to the block sheets. A considerable amount of work remains to be done in the compilation of block-sheets, and with the information now available it is proposed to expedite this work in order that lithographs may be prepared.
Schedule of Field and Office Work.
PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. The programme of public works for the year under review has beeu fairly large and varied. In addition, engineering works and reports for the New Zealand Reparation Estates have been undertaken. Material for water-supplies and for the new export shed were lost through the sinking of the " Clan McWilliam " in Vavau Harbour, and consequently progress on these undertakings has been delayed.
22
I I Field-work. O Nice-work. ~ I *d j n , !|i Plans on Instruments a ■§ 2 $ o of Title. 05 § . jc Class of Work I c> - *3 d o P a -r (Surveys). * g | . « f f g J S Acres. Miles. Total Cost, g g I .§ § ' ■§ I I ' g-« 4S i« S ■ . 2 J Sg | |! . l-g a 8 Jg -g .51 fl m 3 3 S ' I •> d ©< • 3 5 o x! <u 2 £< 2 * I 2-~ •" ~ S) « v. o $■ 2 ® £ flft, CM fl® 2 ° CJ a> £ S O «3 a> .2 sa! c« W (SO g 3 .£.9 3 2* S 5 ! ij h p-< j p-t h 5 j I I I £ Standard coastal traverse .. .. 26*50 232-27 .. .. 1 .. • • 1 Administration lands .. . . 1*35 13-60 .. 3 .. 1 . . 1 1 10 New Zealand Reparation Estates 31*50 .. 31*00 18 1 .. .. 8 2 5 10 18 .. 1 European surveys, Apia district 4*75 .. 30 25 3 .. 40 0 6 1 7 20 I . . . . European rural surveys .. 5*50 1*64 27-68 1 9 2 6 7 79 3 j 3 Native-land surveys .. .. .. 3*75 45*60 .. • i • • 2 2 Native surveys, Apia district .. .. .. .. 3 1 2 1 912 1 .. Native rural surveys .. 135-50 .. 73*50 3 2 .. 15 I 11 37 35 ..1 Road surveys .. .. .. 0*75 21-70 ,. .. .. .. 3 .. 2 2 3 .... Village surveys, Native .. j 21*65 76*42 .. .. .. .. J .. ' .. j .. 1 .. .. 3 j .. Engineering surveys .. .. *• j 11*29 213*55 .. .. I 5 12 .. .. 55 Miscellaneous surveys . . 300*00 . 18*50 64*50 .. .. J | .. 73 12 28 , 82 2 Totals .. . . 477-25 | 85-43 830-07 J 27 6 40 1 46 13 | 34 162 189 33 143 2
A.—4
Owing to the present political unrest and the consequent small programme of works to be carried out in the coming year the staff has been reduced to a minimum. The following is a summary of work carried out by the Department for the year under review :— Public Buildings. Export Shed. —The erection of a new export shed for the Customs Department is nearing completion, brief particulars of which are as follows : Reinforced-concrete building, 110 ft. by 66 ft., with steel trussed roof, sheathed with Robertson asbestos protected metal. The work is being carried out by the Department with the assistance of local labour. The old export shed was demolished, and on completion of the new building better facilities for the handling of goods will be provided. Hospital (European).—A new maternity wing in wood, consisting of two 16 ft. by 16 ft. wards, 16 ft. by 16 ft. labour-room, sterilizing-room, sink-room, bathroom, and lavatory was erected. The floors of the labour-room, bathroom, sink-room, and sterilizing-room were all laid with Magnestone patent flooring. Linen and instrument cupboards were built in, and the whole building made mosquito-proof. In the main hospital the floors of the bathrooms and lavatories were raised to the main-building level, and hot-water service connected to bathrooms. Mosquito-netting on two doors and a portion of the main building was renewed. Several pieces of furniture were repaired, and additional furniture and fittings made. Minor repairs to water fittings, sanitary fittings, and building were also carried out. The skylight of the operating-theatre was enlarged, and alterations made to basins and watersupply. Discharge of septic tank was improved, and new drains were laid down bank on to shingle filtering-bed. The front iron fence was chipped and painted, and new signposts were made. An extension of the gas-supply was made from the laboratory to the operating-theatre, and a new 1-J in. water-main laid to the hospital building to replace old services. The storeroom was enlarged, the floor strengthened, and shelving fitted. Minor repairs to the Chinese quarters were carried out. An extra bathroom with lavatory for the Samoan nurses was completed, and drainage installed. A new fale with a concrete floor was erected for the Samoan nurses. In the Samoan section all fales were repaired, and pathway to maternity fale improved.. The maintenance of fales is somewhat expensive, and requires constant attention, mainly due to the high cost of thatches and transport. Nurses' Home. —New W.C. fitted, taps repaired, and new chip heater installed. Aleipata Hospital.—Thatches of fales repaired and ridging renewed. New 600-gallon tank erected, guttering of residence and dispensary repaired, vent, fitted in residence, and new semi-rotary pump supplied. Tuasivi Hospital. —Minor repairs to residence and dispensary were carried out. Fagamalo Dispensary. —A dispensary hut was erected at Fagamalo for the use of a Samoan nurse. Malifa School. —Repairs to thatching of fales were carried out, compound gate repaired, schoolroom painted internally, water-taps and lavatories repaired, and school furniture renovated. Ifi Iji School. —Infant-class-room roof ceiled and painted, all furniture renovated, Superintendent's office renovated, and sinks installed for cooking classes. Septic tank, lavatories, and water-taps repaired. Avele School. —Thatches of all fales repaired, and minor repairs to teacher's residence. Vaipouli School. —Three new fales with concrete floors were erected in the compound, four field gates were made and erected, and new dash valve fitted to ram of water-supply. Materials for minor work and repairs were supplied. Tuasivi School.— Two rooms of the mission building at Tuasivi were renovated for the European teacher, and tank supplied. Native Department. —One new staff fale was built, and thatching of all fales repaired. In addition, old posts were renewed and new poles fitted. A damp-proof course of bitumen was laid in one fale and the floor covered with fresh pebbles. Minor repairs to office and residence of the Secretary of Native Affairs were effected, malaga boxes repaired, and forty staffs made for Faipules. Administration Offices. —Crown Solicitor's offices rearranged, partition erected, counter fixed with cupboards, and new casement windows fitted in east wall. New wire screen doors made and fitted. The existing partition was cut out and arched. Furniture in Chief Judge's room was renovated, and new book-case made and fitted. A new door was fitted in Director of Agriculture's office, and specimen cupboard strengthened and made vermin-proof. All lavatories at Administration offices were repaired, water-supply regulated, and septic tank cleaned out. Filing-cabinets were made and installed in Secretary's office, and other minor repairs carried out. Police and Chinese Department. —Extensive repairs to veranda-posts, floor-joists, and flooring carried out, in addition to minor maintenance work. At Vaimea Gaol additional lavatories, extensions to water-supply, and minor repairs were carried out. In addition, a barb-wire fence with apron was erected round a portion of the compound. Material was supplied for Tuvao Prison Farm, and signposts made. Post Office. —Loading-platform made for new underground telephone-cables, and minor repairs to buildings. Wireless Station. —New office made in main building, shade fixed over window, and engine-room roof repaired. Customs Department. —A temporary partition was fixed in bond store, and temporary shelter erected for storage of kegged meats. The main gate to yard was repaired, and minor maintenance to roofs of import shed and Customs buildings effected,
23
A. —4'
Lands and Survey Department.—New W.C. erected with necessary drainage to septic tank. Washbasin fixed with necessary drainage to soak-hole. Agricultural Department.—Frames made for certificates, signs made and printed, 300 ft. of fin. by £ in. battens supplied, and 5,000 battens ripped for banana-cases. Harbour Department. —Materials supplied, timber ripped, and bilge-pump suction-pipe repaired. Public Works Department.—The workshop was extended on the west side for a distance of 20 ft. in order to accommodate new woodworking machinery. The store was enlarged, new shelving and pigeonholes erected, and timber-racks improved. Shelters for cars, road-rollers, bitumen-sprayer, and other roadmaking plant were erected. Minor repairs were made to office steps, and office renovated. Vailima. —The whole of the main building was painted externally and the east wing internally, in addition to which the roof was painted. Minor repairs to ballroom-floor, veranda, kitchen-floor, water-supply, and drainage were effected. New blinds were made and fitted on the balcony. Two parallel concrete strips were laid from main house entrance along the drive for a distance of 380 ft., and the balance of the drive to the main entrance gates was re-formed, and a 3 in. course of coral rolled in. Ventilator on chauffeur's residence was made weatherproof, and flashing on roof repaired. Central Hotel Flats and Offices.-— The old dining-room was altered to provide three offices and an auction-room for the Planters' Association. A number of minor repairs to locks, windows, floors, water fittings, and sanitary arrangements were effected. Quarantine Station.—All buildings were painted, new 1,200-gallon tank erected, and minor repairs to buildings carried out. Casino Hotel.—A new picket fence with hardwood rails and redwood pickets was erected. Minor painting and repairs were carried out. Residences. —Extensive repairs and alterations to ten residences, and minor repairs to twenty-two residences, were effected. Savai'i Buildings.—Minor repairs to the Resident Commissioner's office and residence and Secretary's residence were carried out. In addition, the boat and wireless shed was pulled down, re-erected as a copra-shed, and painted. Three new copra-sheds were erected in Faasaleleaga, and minor repairs carried out to Tuasivi buildings. Apia Park. —New coolie quarters were erected, sanitation attended to, and extensive alterations carried out on the caretaker's residence. New Zealand Reparation Estates.—The overseer's cottage at Vaivase was pulled down and reerected. The old D.H. & P.G. store and dwelling at Malaela was pulled down and re-erected at Lalomanu as a cottage for the District Copra Inspector. Plans of a bungalow, standard Chinese coolie quarters, an overseer's cottage, and a two-roomed hot-air drier were prepared. Mulifanua Light Railway.—The formation and laying of three miles and a quarter of light'railway, with ballasting, was completed on the Mulifanua Plantation. Minor work on the siding near the homestead is now being completed. Solaua Plantation.—The light railway to the plantation was repaired, and the formation and metalling of 60 chains of road is now nearing completion. Apia Buildings.—A new copra-shed, 80 ft. by 50 ft., with two floors, was completed ; and, besides supplying a large quantity of materials, minor maintenance has been carried out. Bridges. At Luatuanu'u a new girder bridge, 14 ft. wide with 16 ft. clear span, and a new truss bridge> 14 ft. wide, of 36 ft. span, were erected in mixed Australian hardwoods. For both of these, new concrete abutments and wing walls were erected, and the approaches graded. A new truss bridge, 5 ft. wide, of 70 ft. span, in mixed Australian hardwoods, was completed across the lagoon at Safune, Savai'i. A new girder bridge, 14 ft. wide, of 16 ft. span, was erected at Eva, and approaches graded. All bridges from Apia to Falefa were inspected and repaired, but with the increase in motor traffic practically all the bridges that were erected in Oregon timber will have to be rebuilt very shortly. The steel traffic-bridge across the Case Gase was chipped and painted, and repairs carried out to twelve bridges in Upolu and five in Savai'i. Owing to heavy floods in the Vaisigano River, the eastern abutment was washed out. The gap has been bridged temporarily, and the construction of a new abutment is now under way. Owing to the bad location of the old bridge, it is proposed to alter the course of the river near the bridge, in order to protect it and the adjoining property. Material for the Native footbridge at Letogo was supplied, and erection supervised. In Savai'i the Manase, Vailoa, and Vaimea footbridges were renewed, and repairs carried out to the Saleaula Bridge. Public Roads. The most important work carried out during the year was the formation and coralling of 4 miles chains of the Main Coast Road from Malua to Fasitoo. The road for this portion had never been properly formed, and it was necessary to realign several parts and remove numbers of coconut-trees which overhung it. Numbers of stumps had to be blasted, and coral was obtained from the Natives on contract. A further 20 chains of the Main Coast Road at Puipa'a was top-dressed and sealed with coral, in addition to which the small hill at Levi was sealed with bitumen for a distance of 15 chains. A metal-pit was opened up in the vicinity of the Tuaefu Bridge, and the Wireless Road re-formed and rolled for a distance of 60 chains. Maintenance of the remainder of the Main Coast Road, Wireless Road, Malololelei Road, and Apia-Falefa Road was carried out,
24
A—4.
All roads in Apia and vicinity were maintained, water-tables cleaned, and numerous concrete culverts installed. The road from Mulinu'u to Sogi was surfaced with coral for a distance of 73 chains, and 12£ chains of protective stonework carried out to stop erosion by the sea. Ifi Ifi Street was surfaced with coral and afterwards sealed with bitumen for a distance of 14 chains. In order to allow transportation of material for the hydro-electric scheme, 10 chains of road were formed and metalled at Magiagi, and the Aloa track repaired for a distance of 30 chains. Minor repairs to roads in Savai'i at Faasaleleaga, Safotu, and Manase were carried out, in addition co which tools were issued by the Resident Commissioner to the Faipule at Vaisala for roadwork in that vicinity. Apia Water-supply. No extensions to the system were made during the year, owing to an increased demand for connections within the reticulated area and waste in Native villages. It was necessary to prosecute offenders. The demands on the supply have been particularly heavy owing to the number of Natives who have congregated in Apia during the political unrest. Owing to malicious interference with valves, the public have at times been inconvenienced. It has been difficult to detect the offenders. The mains have been sluiced out periodically, all fire-plugs inspected, and the intake cleaned out regularly. A 2| in. main near the Customhouse was lifted, and new connections made to the 4 in. main. Thirty-six connections to the mains were made during the year, included in which were twelve connections for the village of Vaiala. The 4 in. main serving the residents and villages to the east of the Vaisigano River was broken during the flood already referred to. Temporary repairs were effected. A break-pressure tank was erected on the Yailima supply in order to cut down the excessive pressure on the lower portions of the system. The mains on the high levels of the Apia system were connected to the Vailima supply, to provide a better service and ease the demand on the Apia mains. Owing to malicious interference with valves, slight inconvenience has been caused to consumers. Fire Pressure and Equipment.—The average day pressure on the Apia supply is 90 lb. to the square inch, and the night pressure 120 lb. to the square inch. Fire-plugs are located at convenient points in the main business portion of the town, and receive constant attention. In the suburbs the fire-plugs are located at practically all street intersections. Fire-fighting equipment includes 2,000 ft. of 2J- in. hose, four single hydrants, one double hydrant, adjustable jets, hose-reel, and manual pump with hose. In addition, the New Zealand Reparation Estates have 250 ft. of 2J in. hose and single hydrant. The Casino, Central Office, and Central Hotel are also equipped with hose, and fire points contained within the buildings mentioned. Wharves. The new Customs Wharf was completed, the work being carried out by contract. Notwithstanding difficulties met with at the commencement of the work on the foundations, the wharf was completed within the estimated cost, and is now in constant use. Where previously it was only possible to work one coastal boat at a time, the new wharf accommodates at least six. Cargo is handled much more expeditiously, and lighters are able to work at all tides. The wharf is built in mixed Australian hardwoods, being 205 ft. long by 35 ft. wide. All piles are protected by reinforcedconcrete sleeves, and owing to the foundation met with all of them were cradled. The shelter originally allowed for was dispensed with, and the bulk of the material used on the new export shed. Reinforced-concrete piles for defining passages were made for the Harbour Department, and a 4 in. water-main installed on wharf for filling water-lighter. Sea-wall. The foundations of the sea-wall in the vicinity of the Tivoli Wharf were taken down to a secure foundation for a length of 150 ft. on the eastern side and 100 ft. on the western side. A reinforcedconcrete groin 33 ft. long was constructed on the eastern side of the Tivoli Wharf, and has successfully accomplished its purpose by preventing erosion of the beach. Street-lighting. Electric street lights were extended to Mulinu'u, and a slight re-arrangement of lights on the main beach-front was made. Sanitation. The collection of rubbish in Apia, the maintenance of rubbish-dump and street-sweeping continue to be carried out by contract quite satisfactorily. Natives' conveniences in Apia have been periodically inspected, and fly-proof privies were supplied to four Faipules, in addition to which numbers of concrete fly-proof privies have been supplied to planters, missions, and Natives. Cemeteries. A new fence was erected round the soldiers' graves at Mulinu'u. Gates and fences were repaired at Vaimea. Water-supply connections to Magiagi and Ifi Ifi cemeteries were made, and signposts made and erected. Native Water-supplies. Falelatai.—This piped gravitation supply was completed early in the year. The water is obtained from a large spring in the hills, and is not likely to be polluted. The old supply was badly laid, and only supplied about two hundred and fifty Natives. The old dam was raised and strengthened, all old pipe abandoned, and a new main laid for a distance of four miles and a half through the following villages : Samai, Falevai, Matanofo, Levi, Matautu, Nofunofu, Pata, Siufaga, and Samatau.
4—A. 4.
25
A.—4,
Seventy-seven connections to the main were made, which now serves a population of eight hundred Natives. Owing to Mau influence in this district willing labour was not always obtainable, with the exception of loyal Natives, and the work did not progress as quickly as usual. Afega. —This system has functioned satisfactorily, and a branch main was led to supply the Malaefono plantation. The cleaning-out of the intake, sluicing of mains, and minor maintenance has been carried out by the Natives, with periodic inspections by the Department. Lotofaga. —Temporary repairs were made to this supply, and a number of old pipes renewed. As soon as more urgent schemes are dealt with it will be necessary to reconstruct the system in order that greater benefits may be derived. Aufaga. —Scheme was inspected, new washers fitted to taps, and Natives instructed in the carrying-out of minor repairs. Satitoa. —Taps and washers were renewed and repaired, and a thorough inspection of the scheme made. Fagamalo. —Although this scheme functioned satisfactorily at the commencement, it has had to receive a considerable amount of unnecessary attention in consequence of malicious interference with the mains at the intake and interference with valves. Concrete Cisterns. Standard reinforced-concrete cisterns of 12,000 gallons capacity were erected at Letui (Savai'i)> Satoi (Manono), and Atafu (Tokelau). A catchment area for the Satoi cistern was erected, and all guttering and downpipe renewed on the Letui Church, which serves as a catchment area. Minor repairs were carried out on the Auala mass concrete cistern, and the bathing and drinking pools were improved. Owing to the present unsettled condition of the Natives the water-supply schemes for Lealatele and Salailua have been postponed. Pipes for the Mulifanua and Yailele water-supplies were lost in the sinking of the " Clan McWilliam," and the schemes are held up pending arrival of another shipment. Surveys and Malagas. Malagas of inspection by the Engineer in Charge were made at frequent intervals on both islands. Plant. A new three-sider planing-machine was installed in the workshop, and has proved a valuable addition to the plant. A new circular-saw bench was lost in the sinking of the " Clan McWilliam," and is to be replaced at an early date. Damage to Administration Property. Owing to the number of Natives congregated in Apia in connection with the Mau movement, it was found necessary to remove all kerosene street lights and abandon the service, as lamps were smashed with stones and also stolen. In addition, bridge handrails have been hacked with knives, signposts on the beach-front destroyed, and fire-plug signs broken. The Apia water-supply has been tampered with by interference with valves, and the public have been considerably inconvenienced. APIA OBSERVATORY. The year 1927 is the twenty-fifth year since the founding of the Apia Observatory by the Imperial Society of Gottingen, and the seventh year under the control of the New Zealand Government. During this period the programme has been limited mainly to an intensive investigation at Samoa of terrestrial magnetism, meteorology, and seismology. After making due allowance for the local effects of land, it is possible with the inclusion of a relatively small number of observations on board ships and on islands to extend our knowledge of these elements over a wide area. The nature of our position in the middle of the Pacific induces a uniformity in the variations which occur, not only in the climatology of the Samoan Group and their surroundings but in the local conditions of terrestrial magnetism as well. The programme of the routine observations of the Observatory has therefore been kept unaltered, to discover minute secular changes, and as circumstances permitted an effort has been made to include investigations in solar' radiation and other fields in geophysics. The whole activities for 1927 may be embraced under the general headings of " Terrestrial Magnetism," "Seismology," and "Meteorology," which will be dealt with in order. Terrestrial Magnetism. Erom the recording-instruments continuous photographic records were obtained of variations in the earth's magnetism. Visual observations afforded twenty-six independent determinations in absolute units of the horizontal magnetic force, ninety-two determinations of declination, and eighty-six of inclination. By means of these fundamental determinations, average hourly values obtained from the photographic records were expressed in absolute units. The average value of the declination, horizontal and vertical force for each of the past three years, based on the mean of all the hourly values, is here given. The declination data show that the north end of the magnetic needle during the past three years has been directed farther and farther east of the trueTnorth : —■ Magnetic Elements at Apia, 1925-27. Declination : Horizontal Force : Vertical Force : East. Gammas. Gammas. Mean, 1925 .. .. .. 10° 22-8' 35239 20453 Mean, 1926 .. .. .. 10° 26-1' 35216 20446 Mean, 1927 ~ ~ .. 10° 29-4' 35223
26
A.—4
In collaboration with other observatories, quarterly reports on the character of the magnetic disturbances occurring each day were forwarded to the Comite Meteorologique International, De Bilt, Holland. A statement describing magnetic storms, the time of commencement and the variations in their intensity, has been prepared quarterly and published in the Journal of Terrestrial Magnetism. Although the year 1927 was near the maximum of sun-spots, the magnetic records were more notable for the regularity of their daily course than for abnormal fluctuations. The days of greatest magnetic disturbance were the 13th April and the 22nd October. In February, 1928, a general summary of the magnetic observations for 1927 was distributed to hydrographic offices and investigators. Seismology. The Observatory is equipped with a 1000 kg. horizontal and a 180 kg. vertical seismograph, both of Wiechert design. The behaviour of the seismograph generally was satisfactory, and distant earthquakes in Japan and South America were clearly registered. The total number of earthquakes recorded was 336, which may be classified as follows : 217 instrumental of local origin and very feeble ; 35 local, not reported felt; 15 reported felt; 35 with epicentres less than 1000 km. distant; the majority of them in the vicinity of the Tongan Islands ; 34 with epicentres more than 1000 km. distant. The most intense shock felt locally occurred on the 3rd July, and was of intensity 5 on the RossiForel scale (1-10). Both seismographs were put out of action. The heaviest earthquakes recorded were on the 24th January, in the New Hebrides, 1,300 miles distant, and on the 22nd May, in Kanzu Province of China, about 5,650 miles distant. Of the earthquakes in the Crimea on the 11th September, only the long waves were recorded at this station. The seismological data for the year ending 31st December have been published in quarterly reports, which were sent to about eighty seismic stations. Continuing the arrangements made with Science Service in 1926, reports of all large earthquakes occurring in the South Pacific are sent at the expense of that Department to the Director of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey. Meteorology. There are five main divisions in the meteorological work : (1) Routine observations at Apia ; (2) upper-air investigations with pilot balloons ; (3) atmospheric electricity ; (4) solar radiation ; and (5) supervision of weather stations in Samoa and other islands in the Pacific. Routine Observations at Apia. —At the Observatory continuous records were obtained of temperature, barometric pressure, rainfall, humidity, and sunshine. A resume of these data is given below :—
Meteorological Data, 1927.
The year 1927 was unusual in that the values of mean temperature, mean pressure, annual rainfall, and hours of sunshine were in every case above the normal for their values based on thirty-four years, 1890-1924. Although only slightly above normal from January to April, the temperature for three months, June, July, and August, was 2-5° above its usual value. For many years Samoa has been growing warmer, for which a possible reason may be a slight change in the direction of the ocean currents. In order to test this hypothesis temperature will in future be measured during the trips of the mail-vessel between Apia and Pago Pago. Although a persistent condition of high temperature is usually associated with low barometer pressure over the same period, owing to the absence of cyclonic storms the pressure continued above normal for every month except November.
27
Temperature Extremes, j Barometer . Month of 1927. ; —j Mean Sunshine. Humidity. Rainfall. TT . , T i Values. High. Low. I i °F. °F. | Hours. Per Cent. ! Inches. January .. .. .. 88-5 71-2 29-81 158-1 86-9 28-80 February .. .. - - 87-6 72-1 29-83 121-6 87-7 17-93 March .. .. 88-0 72-3 29-85 198-8 84-8 8-11 April .. ■ • • • 88-3 71-1 29-84 234-7 84-5 10-68 May . .. •• ■■ 87-6 71-1 29-86 240-4 84-2 7-59 June .. •• 87-3 72-3 29-90 211-9 82-0 4-10 July .. .. 86-4 71-6 29-89 250-6 83-4 3-36 August .. ■■ -• 86-4 71-4 29-90 259-6 84-0 1-36 September -. • • - • 86-4 71*6 29-92 236-4 81-1 4-20 October .. .. 87-4 72-5 29-89 213-7 85-3 12-90 November .. .. - • 89-1 73-8 29-78 182-9 84-9 13-22 December .. .. ■■ 88-7 73-4 29-78 167-3 86-7 20-08 Totals or means .. .. 87-66 72-03 29-854 i 2,476-2 84-62 132-33
A.—4.
In 1927 the rainfall of 132-3 in. was both abundant and well distributed to meet the requirements of plantations. An anemometer, which has been needed for years, was secured, and records were obtained from the Ist June. The new instrument is of the Dines pressure type, registering both direction and velocity, and embodies the latest improvements. Upper-air Investigation. —A total of eighty-nine small rubber balloons were inflated with hydrogen and released; sixty-eight of these were observed to heights greater than 5 km. (16,400 ft.), and thirty-one to heights greater than 10 km. (32,800 ft.). Since upper-air observations were initiated in 1923 about four hunred balloons have been sent up, which have yielded data showing the approximate height and velocity of the trade-winds, but information in regard to the variation of the height with season and with changes of pressure will necessitate carrying on this investigation for several years. Atmospheric Electricity.-—The measurement of the electric potential of the atmosphere has been continued at the station in the Observatory grounds, and the records, with the exception of a few brief interruptions due to a failure of the insulation of the recording-apparatus, have been unbroken. Solar Radiation. —The solar radiation has been measured on all clear days on a Gorcynski pyrheleometer. The average solar energy transmitted from 12 to 1 o'clock during the dry season was approximately 1-1 calories per square centimetre, showing that nearly 43 per cent, of the sun's energy fails to pass through the atmosphere. The total solar energy transmitted through the atmosphere overlying Samoa does not exceed that which Dines has found was received at sea-level in England. Outside Stations.—A new station has been established at Pukapuka (Cook Group). The Union Islands stations at Fakaofo and Atafu continue their useful work. The Native observers have shown that they may be trusted with instruments, and that confidence may be placed in their observations. It is expected that this year a barometer and a continuously-registering thermometer will be added to the equipment of one of the stations in the Union Group. The South Pacific weather-report system, for which Apia is the co-ordinating centre, includes the following stations : Papeete, Tahiti; Avarua, Rarotonga ; Niue ; Nukualofa and Yavau, Tonga ; Suva, Fiji; Norfolk Island; and Ocean Island. Throughout the year a wireless report from these stations is broadcast at 10 p.m. by the local wireless station, and during the wet season an additional report is broadcast at noon. The total number of weather reports received by the wireless station during the last six months was 1,582. Twelve rain stations transmit their observations to the Observatory. Miscellaneous Activities.—A time signal was given to the Post Office Department daily at 9 a.m. The error of the standard clock was determined by transit observation on twenty-eight occasions, and the daily rate has been extraordinarily constant. For shipmasters and Government Departments, five barometers were compared with the Observatory standard, and four chronometers rated. FINANCE. Revenue. The statement hereunder shows the amount of revenue received during the financial year ended 31st March, 1928, including a subsidy contributed by the New Zealand Government. There is also shown, for purposes of comparison, the revenue for the preceding financial year :—
Note.—As regards head 1, " Native taxes," because of the political disturbance at present existing only a small portion of the annual taxes has been paid. To make up the deficit the New Zealand Government placed on loan to the Samoan Treasury the sum of £30,000 as required. The revenue received through the Customs and Harbour Department for the year was exceptionally good, and this offset the other shortage to some extent. The usual subsidy—viz., £20,000 —contributed by the New Zealand Government during the past several years for educational and medical purposes was continued.
28
Head of Revenue. 1926-27. 1927-28. £ £ 1. Native taxes .. .. .. .. .. 17,849 2,466 2. Customs, taxes, and Marine— (a) Customs and taxes .. .. .. .. .. 64.923 73,540 (b) Harbour Department .. .. .. .. .. 2,398 2,858 (c) S.s. " Lady Roberts".. .. .. .. .. 1,752 3,812 3. Fees and charges (Court, hospital, &c.) .. .. .. 11,988 8,308 4. Post Office and Savings-bank .. .. .. .. 6,441 5,729 5. Radio-station .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,970 2,586 6. Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,491 6,739 7. Subsidy, New Zealand Government .. .. .. .. 20,000 20,000 Totals .. .. .. .. .. .. 133,812 126,038
A.—4
Expenditure. The ordinary expenditure for the year ended 31st March, 1928, is as shown hereunder, the figures for the previous year also being given for purposes of comparison : —
Direct Native Revenue and Expenditure. The revenue derived directly from the Native population, and the expenditure directly thereon, during the year, may be stated approximately as follows : — £ (а) Revenue directly from the Natives .. .. .. .. 4,566 (б) Expenditure directly on behalf of the Natives .. .. .. 58,290 These amounts may be set out in greater detail as under : — (a) Direct Revenue from Natives, 1927-28. Native taxes (personal and medical tax, fines, gun and dog taxes, water rates, £ travelling passes, marriage fees) .. .. .. .. .. 2,466 Court fees and fines (say) .. .. .. .. .. .. 600 Licenses and fees (boat, motor, &c.), (say) .. .. .. .. 500 Postal revenue (say) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,000 £4,566 In addition to the above, the Natives, along with other sections of the community, contribute indirectly to the revenue through the purchase of goods on which import duty is charged. As indicated above, the direct amount contributed is only a small portion of what should have been, (b) Direct Expenditure on Natives, 1927-28. (1) Payments directly to Natives :— Salaries and wages — Native Affairs Department: Samoan staff and officials— £ £ Upolu .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,132 Savai'i .. .. .. .. .. 2,940 8,072 Other Departments: Samoan staff —(Police, Education, Harbour, Medical, &c.) .. .. .. .. .. 12,949 Casual labour (approximate) employed by— Public Works Department .. .. .. .. 6,000 Various .. .. .. .. .. .. 600 6,600
29
Head of Expenditure. 1926-27. 1927-28. £ £ 1. Permanent charges .. .. .. .. .. 7,221 10,166 2. Administrator, Government House, and Legislature .. .. 4,857 4,680 3. Secretariat .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,147 2,290 4. Native Affairs Department — (a) Upolu and general .. .. .. .. .. 9,603 9,572 ('b) Savai'i Section .. .. .. .. .. 6,324 6,216 5. Treasury and Audit .. .. .. .. .. 2,184 2,553 6. Customs, taxes, and Marine — (a) Customs and taxes .. .. .. .. .. 2,709 2,757 (b) Harbour Department . . .. .. . . 3,904 3,425 (c) S.s. " Lady Roberts" .. .. .. .. 3,651 3,857 7. Justice Department .. .. .. .. .. 2,854 2,697 8. Police and Prisons Department .. .. .. .. 8,220 7,099 9. Health Department .. .. .. .. .. 25,912 25,597 10. Agriculture Department .. .. .. .. .. 3,760 4,990 11. Chinese Department .. .. .. .. .. 1,720 1,710 12. Post Office and Savings-bank .. .. .. .. 5,654 5,822 13. Radio-station .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,702 4,182 14. Education Department .. .. .. .. .. 9,688 10,222 15. Miscellaneous ... .. .. .. .. .. 13,712 15,768 16. Lands and Survey Department .. .. .. 2,872 2,977 17. Public Works Department (general and maintenance) .. .. 14,980 13,561 18. Public Works Department (new works) .. .. .. 5,036 3,281 Totals .. .. .. .. .. .. 141,710 143,422
A.—4.
(2) Payments directly on behalf of Natives : — Native Affairs Department — £ Salaries, European staff, Upolu and Savai'i .. .. .. 3,995 Cost printing Native Gazette .. .. .. .. .. 377 Fono expenses (Native Parliament) .. .. .. .. 737 Land and Titles Commission expenses .. .. .. .. 11 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. .. • . . 405 Entertainment of Samoans .. . . .. .. .. 161 Dog-collars .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 18 Flags, badges, &c., for officials .. .. .. .. .. 91 District surveys .. .. .. .. .. .. 17 Stationery, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 657 Clotting, rations, &c., for messengers .. .. .. .. 182 Malaga expenses to Savai'i .. .. .. .. .. 100 Police and Prisons Department— Salaries, European staff (part) .. .. . . .. 1,500 Rations, clothing, utensils, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 714 Medical Department— Salaries, European staff (part) .. .. .. .. 7,000 Samoan lepers, Fiji —Maintenance .. .. .. .. 1,295 Rations for Samoan patients .. .. .. .. .. 653 Transport and travelling-expenses (part) .. .. .. .. 800 Dental subsidy .. .. .. .. .. .. 180 Drugs, instruments, &c. (say) .. .. .. .. .. 2,500 Upkeep trainees at Fiji Medical School .. .. .. .. 232 Education Department— Salaries, European staff (part) .. .. .. .. .. 3,500 Food-supplies, &c. .. . . .. .. . . . . 225 Vocational classes .. .. .. . . . . . . 292 Travelling and transport expenses .. . . .. . . 555 Scholarship boys to New Zealand .. .. .. .. . . 60 Expenses, Grade II schools .. .. .. .. . 181 Inspector's visit, from New Zealand . . .. .. . . 130 Vaipouli School, Savai'i —Upkeep .. .. .. .. .. 400 School Journal .. .. .. .. .. .. 81 Public Works Department— Hospital fales .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 183 Vaipouli School extensions .. .. .. .. .. 148 Sanitary closets for Faipules .. .. .. .. .. 41 Native water-supplies .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,248 £58,290 In addition, a considerable amount is paid to Natives for supplies, such as coral for roads, thatches, &c., for fales, and charges such as maintenance of roads, bridges, and buildings. Part salaries of other Departments not mentioned above, &c., may be considered as applicable to the Natives. The expenditure of the Agriculture Department is to a large extent for the benefit of the Samoans generally. Public Works Programme ex Loan-money. The expenditure for 1927-28 was as follows £ s . d. Native water-supplies .. .. .. .. .. 3,248 2 8 New wharf at Customs . . .. .. .. .. 2,927 8 1 New goods-shed at Customs .. .. .. .. .. 1,686 0 4 New roads, Upolu .. .. .. .. .. .. 744 19 10 Bridges and buildings, Upolu .. .. .. .. .. 532 5 4 Bridges and buildings, Savai'i .. .. .. .. .. 158 16 10 New telephone system .. .. .. .. .. 1,938 3 8 £11,235 16 9 The new Customs shed has still to be completed : this will terminate the loan programme. The following table gives a comparison between the revenue and the expenditure of the Territory over a period of five years : —
30
Revenue including i" ,,, Year. ! Subsidy from New Zealand , Expenditure, Ordmary | Government. j ( excludln g Loan Account). £ s. d. £ s. d. 1923-24 .. .. .. .. .. 133,917 2 7 143,010 3 7 1924-25 .. .. .. .. .. 130,914 7 8 135,523 17 4 1925-26 .. .. .. .. .. 150,038 13 1 145,687 17 4 1926-27 .. .. .. .. .. 133,812 18 9 141,710 4 6 1927-28 .. .. .. .. .. 126,038 10 1 143,42118 2
A.—4.
Statement op Current Assets and Liabilities as at 31st March, 1928. Assets. £ s. d. Liabilities. £ s. d. Cash in hand and at bank .. .. 1,634 10 4 Reserves .. .. .. .. 26,332 19 5 Advances .. .. .. .. 2,159 16 2 Deposits .. .. .. .. 14,037 4 1 Unallocated stores .. .. .. 19,019 4 1 Advances .. .. .. .. 12,028 15 1 Buildings and machinery .. .. 4,000 0 0 Currency notes .. .. .. 30,000 0 0 Public Works (Loan Account) .. .. 141,925 18 1 Loan Account, New Zealand Government— S.s. " Lady Roberts " —Capital costs .. 3,700 0 0 Public Works .. ..£142,500 Public Works Loan Redemption Fund Political .. .. .. 5,000 Investment Account .. .. 8,940 5 6 147,500 0 0 Suspense Accounts .. .. .. 5,685 18 5 Chinese Accounts —Repatriation costs .. 9,279 17 10 Investments —New Zealand Government debentures and stocks .. .. 41,790 0 0 Surplus and Deficit Account—Balance at 31st March, 1928 .. .. .. 10,323 3 10 £239,178 16 5 £239,178 16 5 Note. —Regarding assets, these accounts do not include the value of land, buildings, and other real property under the control of the Administration belonging to the Mandated Territory ; or book debts, departmental stocks (except as shown), furniture and equipment (house and office), horse transport, &c., paid for out of revenue in previous years. PUBLIC TRUST OFFICE. Several estates have been finally wound up, and only a few small estates have come to the Office for administration during the year. These small estates, while involving an amount of work out of all proportion to their importance, are generally unremunerative to the Office. There are still several estates in which the beneficiaries have so far been unable to agree regarding the distribution of the assets. All investments are amply secured. Official Assignee.—No bankruptcies have occurred during the year, and all estates under the administration of the Official Assignee have been wound up with the exception of one, in which three individuals are involved. Clearing-house.—Payments are still being received on account of ex-enemy deportees and absentees, and are being periodically accounted for according to the class to which they belong. Final returns in connection with the vested properties are not yet available awaiting a decision regarding valuations.
STAFF. Careful attention continues to be given to the question of staffing the various Departments, having regard to the service required of them by the public.
31
European* Staff as at 31st March, Department. 1925. 1926. 1927. 1928. Administrator ...... 1 1 1 1 Secretariat .. .. .. .. 6 5 5 5 Agriculture .. .. .. .. 5 5 6 7 Customs and Harbour .... 8 8 9 8 Education .. .. .. .. 9 13 13 11 Justice .. .. .. .. 3 3 3 3 Labour .. .. .. .. 2 2 2 2 Lands and Survey ...... 6 7 6 5 Medical • .. .. .. .. 23 24 26 22 Native Affairs ...... 4 4 4 3 Police and Prisons ...... 6 7 6 6 Postal .. .. .. .. 4 4 4 4 Public Works ...... 5 9 11 8 Stores .. . . .. .. 4 .3 Treasury .. .. .. .. 4 4 4 4 Radio Station ...... 8 8 7 8 Resident Commissioner's Office, Savai'i 4 5 4 4 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 1 Grand totals for Administration Depart- 103 | 112 111 101 ments * Includes half-castes, who by virtue of the positions they fill, are eligible for inclusion in the European St»fi Classification List,
A.—4.
WIRELESS DEPARTMENT. In reviewing the work of the past year the outstanding feature has been the gradual change from the use of the spark-set transmitter on the long waves, around 2,000 metres, with the almost continual presence of static, to that on the 20-metre band using valve transmitters, with the absence of static and the consequent greater ease with which traffic is disposed of. Apia Radio now uses a wave-length of 25 metres for all coast-to-coast work, the only transmissions on the spark set being for broadcasting the weather and press reports. The use of the short wavelengths has also made possible the two-way working by Apia Radio with Wellington Radio, thus eliminating the high-power spark station at Awanui, which previously was the New Zealand station for handling the Apia traffic. The local boys who were trained in wireless telegraphy are proving reliable and efficient as operators at Apia Radio. Instead of a staff of eight Europeans from New Zealand only four are now necessarv, the other four being local lads. The out-stations, which are manned by Native boys, are also carrying on an efficient service, and proving a boon to settlers in isolated districts. Details of radio traffic handled, also of engine-running and battery-charging, are as follows :—
Details of Radio-telegraphic Business transacted at Apia Radio for the Year ended 31st March, 1928.
QUESTIONNAIRE. I. SLAVERY. (Previously dealt with : see Sixth Report, 1926.) 11. LABOUR. (Previously dealt with : see Seventh Report, 1927 ; Sixth Report, 1926 ; Fifth Report, 1925.) 111. ARMS TRAFFIC. 1. What measures are being adopted to control traffic in arms and ammunition ? 2. What are the statistics relating to imports of arms and ammunition of different categories ? 1. The Arms Ordinance, 1921, prohibits the importation or sale of arms or ammunition except under permit and license. All owners of firearms must hold a license. There is no illicit sale or
32
jMessages-j Words, j Messages. Words. I £ s. d. Transmitted .. 7,634 66,817 1,671 0 6 Fagamalo— £ s. d. Local .. 90 1,047 9 11 2 Forwarded .. 234 4,301 31 11 2 New Zealand — Received .. 243 3,700 30 16 8 Forwarded .. 2,033 29,351 684 0 0 Tuasivi— Received .. 1,303 15,767 426 18 6 Forwarded .. 162 3,082 25 13 4 Suva — Received .. 207 2,918 24 9 4 Forwarded . . 402 3,458 86 12 0 Aleipata— Received .. 743 8,013 200 7 0 Forwarded .. 128 2,488 22 2 4 Pago Pago— Received .. 129 2,260 18 15 8 Forwarded . . 185 2,434 38 15 6 Fakaofo— Received .. 438 4,556 84 5 3 Forwarded .. 26 582 4 17 0 Ships— Received .. 73 1,095 9 1 4 Forwarded .. 77 1,164 29 1 6 Salailua— Received .. 104 1,067 26 13 6 Forwarded .. 109 1,925 15 19 10 Niue— Received .. Ill 1,747 14 10 2 Forwarded .. 13 156 3 18 0 Press — Received .. 7 98 2 9 0 Paid .. 101 10,275 67 0 0 Nukualofa— Free — Forwarded . . 21 186 4 14 9 Forwarded .. 60,000 Received .. 24 215 5 4 3 Received .. 120,000 Rarotonga — Forwarded .. 5 40 1 0 0 14,622 348,947 £3,544 10 3 Received .. 3 29 0 14 6 Papeete — Forwarded . . 8 90 2 5 0 Received .. 9 86 2 3 0
A.—4
smuggling of arms or ammunition. Only single-barrelled smooth-bore shot-guns are licensed to Natives for pigeon and pig shooting for food-supplies. No rifles or revolvers whatsoever are licensed to Natives. 2. The following are the details of importation of arms and ammunition of every description : — Arms— Double-barrelled breech-loading sporting shot-guns .. .. .. .. 45 Single-barrel breech-loading sporting shot-guns .. .. .. .. 32 Repeating shot-guns .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 •22-calibre sporting-rifles .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 Ammunition— 12-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. .. (rounds) 44,000 16-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. .. ~ 27,600 20-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. .. ~ 30,500 32-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. .. „ 4,500 410-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. .. „ 2,000 •44-calibre ball cartridges .. .. .. .. .. ~ 1,500 •38-calibre ball cartridges .. .. .. .. .. ~ 2,000 24-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. .. ~ 1,000 •22 ball cartridges .. .. .. .. . . .. „ 20,000 Sporting gunpowder .. .. .. . . .. .. (lb.) 550 Sporting bird-shot .. .. .. .. .. . . (cwt.) 31 Percussion caps .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 5,000 Chinese fire-crackers .. .. .. .. .. .. (cases) 37 A large quantity of this ammunition is still held in stock by licensed vendors for retail sale to licensed owners of firearms. A large number of shot cartridges are used for destruction of flying, foxes and other vermin. IV. TRADE AND MANUFACTURE OF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS. 1. What steps are being taken to assure the prohibition of abuses of the liquor traffic ? 2. How is the campaign against alcoholism organized ? 3. What are the effects of these measures ? (Statistics relative to the import and to the local manufacture of alcoholic liquors, &c.) 4. What are the countries of origin of alcoholic liquor, other than wine and beer, imported into the Territory ? 5. What measures have been taken to assure the prohibition or regulation of the importation, production, and consumption of dangerous drugs ? 1. The importation and manufacture of all liquor containing more than 3 per cent, of proof spirit is absolutely prohibited by the Samoa Act of 1921, sections 336 to 341, except importation by the Administration for medical, sacramental, or industrial purposes (as provided by section 340). Such importations and the disposal of such liquors so imported are controlled by the Sale of Intoxicating Liquor Regulations, 1920. Sale to both Europeans and Natives is prohibited except when prescribed by a duly qualified Government Medical Officer, and for medicinal purposes only. (See also Board of Health Regulations No. 1.) 2. All liquor on board visiting ships must be declared in writing on arrival, and at once placed under Customs seal, which must remain unbroken until the ship sails. The police and Customs maintain a watch over every overseas vessel, and ships are frequently searched. The police also take steps to prevent local manufacture. 3. The following shows the imports of intoxicating liquor during the year for medicinal purposes, also the quantities issued under medical permits, with a comparison of the quantity issued during the year 1926-27 : —
For sacramental purposes, 263 gallons wine. For industrial purposes, 15 gallons rectified spirits of wine. Convictions for liquor offences during the year totalled 21, as against 26 for 1926, 25 for 1925, 50 for 1924, and 80 for 1923.
5—A. 4.
33
Quantity imported, Quantity issued, Quantity issued, 1927-28. 1927-28. 1926-27. Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Whisky 367£ 378f 513-1 Brandy 78$ ' 106| 120£ Gin .. .. .. .. 108 134f 56 Port llOf I18| 134| Claret . . .. .. .. .. .. 3J 13$ Stout .. .. 682 818# 1,022| Ale .. .. .. .. 549 7801 1,193| Champagne .... .. .. .. 1$ 1
A.—4,
4. Whisky, United Kingdom ; brandy, France ; gin, United Kingdom and Holland. 5. The New Zealand Opium Act, 1908, and Amendment, 1910, and regulations made thereunder, controlling the importation of opium, heroin, cocaine, and such preparations under license, are in force in Western Samoa. These regulations are in furtherance of the terms of the Opium Convention, and in particular provide for the introduction of the " imports-certificate " system. There is no local production of opium or dangerous drugs in Samoa. All precautions are taken by the police and Customs to prevent illicit traffic in prohibited drugs. With the exception of one reputable chemist, all dispensing and sale is in the hands of Administration doctors. V. LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE. (Previously dealt with : see Sixth Report, 1926.) VT. MILITARY CLAUSES. (Previously dealt with : see Sixth Report, 1926.) VII. ECONOMIC EQUALITY. (Previously dealt with : see Sixth Report, 1926.) VIII. EDUCATION. (Previously dealt with : see Sixth Report, 1926.) IX. PUBLIC HEALTH. (Dealt with in Sixth Report, 1926, and Annual Supplementary Health Report, 1928.) X. LAND-TENURE. (Previously dealt with : see Sixth Report, 1926.) XI. MORAL, SOCIAL, AND MATERIAL WELFARE. Last year's answers apply, except that the number of half-castes and Samoans participating in the Public Service as at 31st March, 1928, was as follows : Half-castes, 24 ; Native Samoans, 543. XII. PUBLIC FINANCES. (See Sixth Report, 1926, and section contained in this report under the heading " Public Finances," page 47.)
XIII. DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS. Births, Deaths, Marriages; Immigration and Emigration. Return showing Births, Deaths, Marriages, Immigration and Emigration, for the Year ended 31st December, 1927.
34
——• , Bir.hs. ! Deaths. ! Marriages. (Immigration. Emigration. Native Samoans .. .. .. 1,636 495 135 941 870 Europeans and half-castes .. .. 92 16 12 499 566 Chinese labourers .. .. .. .. 7 .. .. 1 Melanesian labourers . . . . .. .. 3 .. .. 5 Totals.. .. .. 1,728 521 147 1,440 1,442
A.-4,
APPENDICES. APPENDIX A. Administrator's Address to Fono of Faipule, 24th May, 1927. It is with great pleasure that I meet you, the Faipules and representatives of the people in every district of Samoa, in this our first Fono of the present year. Since we last met together three representatives of Samoa —viz., one Fautua and two Faipules — have visited New Zealand to greet His Royal Highness the Duke of York and to convey from the Samoan people and the Tokelau-Islanders a message of loyalty to His Most Gracious Majesty King George V. His Royal Highness was deeply touched by your loyal message, and will ever remember the Samoan people and their expressions of devotion. In March last I was called away from Samoa to take part in a Commission concerning matters in the New Hebrides. During my six weeks absence I visited many places in the South Pacific, and I saw no country where Natives were better cared for than in Samoa. On the 2nd May last we received the sad news of the death of Mr. Griffin, Secretary for Native Affairs. This news cast a gloom over all Samoa, for Mr. Griffin was personally known by nearly the whole of the Native race, for whom he had worked for the past twenty-seven years. He loved the Samoan people, and his death was hastened by the strenuous work he did on their behalf. He was a man of noble character who did not consider his own interests alone, but carried out his duties fearlessly in the interests of righteousness, truth, and the welfare of Samoa. Like all persons in authority who carry out their duties impartially, he had his enemies, whose attacks and criticisms cannot, however, diminish the honour due to him, or tarnish in the slightest degree the good name and reputation he bore. Mr. Lewis, who has succeeded Mr. Griffin, will have a hard task, and needs your help and co-operation. His past record should be sufficient to command your confidence. He fought as a soldier in the Great War, he risked his life for his country, and knows what true sacrifice for others means. After serving his country in war he came to Samoa as a missionary to help uplift the Samoan people. At my pressing request two years ago he agreed to leave the mission and join the Government, in order to help Mr. Griffin and the Government in its work for the Samoan people. He is prepared to help you, to advise and lead you aright. He, like Mr. Griffin, will, I know, carry out his duties faithfully and impartially, and therefore may have enemies and criticizers ; but all you in authority who have difficulties yourselves to overcome know the difficulties the Secretary of Native Affairs has to contend with, and therefore I ask you all to give him your loyal support. We are delighted to-day to have with us Tuatagaloa, whose long record of faithful ser/ice in Samoa was interrupted two years ago by sickness," necessitating his going to Makogai for treatment. His complete recovery to good health causes us to thank God and rejoice, and we pray that Tuatagaloa may be spared for many years to carry on the good work of Faipule for his district, and help all Samoa in this Fono by his wise counsel. I am pleased to welcome the following Faipules who have been appointed since our last Fono— viz., Tupuola and Tafua. I remind them and you all that you are assembled here to deal with purely Native matters, and that the Government wishes you to speak with the true voice of the great majority of your people. In your "work here do not consider your own personal interests, but the welfare of the whole of Samoa. The following brief notes concerning Samoa during the past year are supplied for your information. 1. The amount of copra exported last year was under 13,000 tons. The Natives cut 1,800 tons less than the previous year, which means that they had £18,000 less money to spend, or 10s. less per head—men, women, and children. 2. The trade of the country was affected by both the reduced quantity and price of copra, so that Europeans and Samoans were all less prosperous than in the previous year. 3. The increase in the Samoan-population was the greatest on record, excess of births over deaths being 1,242. This shows a great improvement in the health of the people, and proves the value of the good work done by doctors, nurses, Village and Women's Committees. 4. The population of the Samoan Native people in this Territory is now nearly 39,000, and the total population is over 42,000. 5. There are nearly 2,500 pupils in the forty-two schools under Government direction. The Government and missions are working well together to uplift and educate the Samoan people. The Technical School in Apia for teaching boys trades, &c., is well attended. 6. Money spent on education last year was nearly £10,000. 7. Only a few villages are carrying out the instructions to make cacao plantations. 8. The ship purchased by New Zealand to carry bananas to New Zealand is being built in England. Recent reports state that it will be completed by the end of this year. 9. Although a larger amount of cotton was grown last year than the previous year, the Natives still fail to realize fully how they could increase their wealth by making more cotton plantations. 10. A number of districts have allocated land to tauleleas, so that every taxpayer in these districts has land to cultivate and so create wealth for himself and his district. 11. The Prison Farm at Tuvao is a great success, and prisoners are there learning how to cultivate land and other things which will be beneficial to them when they return to their villages. 12. Some districts had a successful tree-planting day for Samoan children in November last. Other districts do not yet appreciate the value of assembling the children once a year for this purpose.
35
A.—4.
13. The number of Chinese labourers in Samoa is 946. It is hoped that some Samoans will voluntarily agree to work on Government plantations, and so enable the number of Chinese in the country to be reduced. 14. The following public works are authorized to be carried out as soon as possible : Concrete cisterns for water-supplies in Manono and Savai'i; pipe-lined water-supplies in Lealatele, Falelatai, Sala'ilua, Mulifanua, and Vailele ; roads at Safata and Mulifanua ; a few small bridges in different parts of Samoa. In addition to above, a big hydro-electric scheme for supplying electric light to Apia and Native villages in the vicinity is now being carried out, and will be completed next year. 15. The number of officials and persons employed permanently and temporarily in the Government is approximately —Samoans, 620 ; half-castes, 90 ; Europeans, 105. 16. For hookworm 2,586 treatments were given to Samoans, and for yaws, 9,981. 17. There are fourteen Samoan lepers in Makogai, also three Chinese, six half-castes, three SolomonIslanders, and one Cook-Islander from this Territory. 18. There were 1,965 births and 723 deaths. 19. Many districts have complained that they are not satisfied with the price they are getting for their copra. By request ofjthe Faipules, the Government has therefore agreed to export first-grade quality for them where the Natives desire to do so. 20. Papain from pawpaws (mummy-apples) has been exported during the past year at a profit to producers of lis. per pound. It is hoped that the Natives will take up this industry, which will be taught in the schools. 21. The new wharf in Apia will be finished in June or July. 22. The sea-wall of Apia will be completed and the whole front beautified this year. 23. One hundred and twelve Chinese were returned to China, and 180 new coolies imported. 24. Crimes of theft amongst Samoans are on the increase. 25. There are eight hundred accounts in the savings-bank belonging to Samoans. It is hoped this number will be increased to one thousand this year. 26. There are now five wireless stations in the Samoan Group, four of which are operated by Samoan boys. 27. The amount of money paid in direct taxes was — Native taxes (poll-tax, medical levy, fines, gun and dog taxes, water rates, £ travelling passes, and marriage fees) .. .. .. .. 17,849 Land andjgTitles Commission fees .. .. .. .. .. 155 Court fees, and fines .. .. .. .. .. .. 600 Licenses —Boat, motor-car, &c. .. .. . . .. .. 500 Postal revenue .. .. .. . . . . .. 1,000 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. £20,104 The amount spent entirely for Natives was £84,548. 28. The money raised by the medical levy was £7,292. The amount expended for medical treatment on behalf of the Natives, excluding salaries of white doctors and nurses, was £13,702. 29. The efforts that were made by a small section in Apia, just prior to our last Fono, to disturb the happy relations and good will between the Samoans and the Government have, 1 regret to say, been continued, to the detriment of progress. The advancement of the Samoan race and general improvement in the conditions of this country during the past few years have shown the beneficial effects of the Government's policy on behalf of Samoa and its people, particularly the Native race. This policy, which a few persons wish to destroy, has previously enabled all sections of the community to work in harmony for the good of the country and its people, and at the same time provide for the most backward section, the Samoan people, to have the fullest possible say in their own affairs, and to gradually work out their own destiny in their own way under the guidance of the Government, whose only interest is to help and lead them to prosperity. At our last Fono I did not understand clearly the motives of this movement to disturb your people, but its aims and objects are now quite transparent. Its foundation is a self-constituted oligarchy of non-Natives who have actively endeavoured to divide the Samoan people and to create difficulties for me, for the Faipules, and the Government. All Samoans should know that the form of partial selfGovernment which has been given to the Natives enables them to deal with their own affairs in their own way, and that they will always get sympathetic treatment from me, to whom they can appeal if necessary. The Government will not tolerate interference in Native affairs by non-Native residents of the community, and if necessary is prepared to make further legislation to protect Natives from political exploitation. 30. The Samoans have at last created a good name for their copra in the world's markets, and Samoan copra is now known in London as the best Native copra sent from the South Seas. This will assure you a better price for your copra. Those who have exported first-class copra haye benefited by this higher price. 31. There is more, food in the Native plantations to-day than there has ever been previously in the history of Samoa. 32. I am hopeful that there will be a considerable increase in quantity and quality of all our products during the present year, and I urge the Samoans to all endeavour to work towards the attainment of this hope. During this Fono we shall discuss many things for the welfare of the Samoan people. I pray that God will guide us in all our deliberations, and cause us to make decisions and laws which will promote the true advancement of the Samoan race.
36
A.—4
Address by the Chairman of the Faipules in Reply to Administrator's Address. Your Excellency has ended your Address, and the Cbuncil are all pleased to have it on this happy morning. We render thanks that we have met this morning, and the Fautuas and the Faipules now see Your Excellency and the Heads of Departments of our Government with pleasure. The sight is pleasant to our eyes, our ears are full of joys, and all hearts are satisfied with your fine speech. In our last meeting you have decided that Ma-lietoa, Toelupe, and Malupo, with the Interpreter Tu'u'u, were to travel to New Zealand, as the representatives of Samoa and Tokelau, to meet His Royal Highness the Duke of York. We have read the report of that Mission with great pleasure, because of the respect and kindness shown them by New Zealand, and we are thankful and pleased that they have returned safely. Our Government waited and prayed for Your Excellency while you went to the New Hebrides in accordance with the instructions from His Majesty the King and the Government and also the Governor-General of New Zealand, and we are thankful that you have come back happy and well. We are proud that all those occasions gave honour to Samoa because of you, as that is your desire, to lift up Samoa, the country you govern. Thanks. We are all sorry for the death of Mr. Griffin, who was much loved because he had worked hard with faithfulness and love to Samoa. We did pray for his strength to be restored and that he might return soon, but the will of God was different to ours, and we know that his illness was caused by the strenuous work he did for Samoa. We will always remember him in our hearts, and his name will not be forgotten. We are thankful that a successor —Mr. Lewis —has been appointed, and this is our second meeting since he has been with us. Thanks for appointing him soon to deal with the hard work concerning Native affairs. We hope that we will have patience, and pray that Elisha will do more than Elijah, whom he succeeded. We are very pleased when on your way back you called at Makogai and brought Tuatagaloa with you. We learn from the Bible that there was no cure for leprosy, and we also did not believe the announcement about the new medicine for that sickness, but it is now fulfilled. We agreed that Tuatagaloa and other Samoan lepers should go to Makogai with regret, because we thought that we would never meet them again, but now we meet together with happiness, the door is opened, and there will not be much sorrow for those who are to go to that island, because we hope they will be returned like Tuatagaloa. We pray for him to have good health. We are pleased to receive the new Faipules —Tupuola and Tafua—who are now with us. We will join and work together for the welfare of Samoa. The' seats of Lemalu and Sala L., deceased, are vacant, and we feel sorry ; we miss them in our Fono ; but what Almighty God has done is right, and His will must be carried out. The matters you have put before us in our Fono we will consider, and discuss them carefully, in order to have our way to gain prosperity. We are now always faced at present with that committee of some Europeans and some Samoans which-has misled the number of people who have joined it by wrong and sweet words. We know that we will have the victory and they will come to follow us at last, because we are working for the good, and the good conquers the bad. The only trouble is it will hinder our work for prosperity ; and although our journey is fraught with difficulty, because the wind blows adversely, yet we believe your words, that the journey will reach the land called " Manuia." There is one thing : though many obstacles may delay the journey and cause lots of work, yet the crew have put their confidence in their captain, and they will not give up pulling, no matter how • big in number, but keeping united will have a good result. Long life and happiness to Your Excellency ! God save the King ! [Note. —Here followed lengthy addresses by heads of Departments explaining details of the work of the Administration.]
FONO OF FAIPULES, MAY, 1927.
37
Resolution or Proposal. Decision. 1. That a doctor be stationed at Neiafu and The first Native doctor who qualifies and can be stationed in an Faiaai out-district will be sent to this district. His duties will extend to Asau, which cannot be conveniently reached from Safotu, and will continue until such time as the Vaisigano district has its own doctor. 2. That the second-grade school at Tutaga be Approved if satisfactory arrangements can be made by district made a Government school regarding supply of land and fales. 3. Tokelau village in Samoa : A number of His Excellency when next on malaga to get the opinion of Lefaga, Tokel au-Islanders are here without land, Falealili, and Aleipata districts as to the establishment of Tokelau - and in future years when more Tokelau- Islanders in one of these districts. Islanders are brought to Samoa the difficulty will increase 4. Attendance at Fono called by Faipule .. That a new regulation be drafted making attendance of Ali'i and Faipule compulsory at all Fonos called by Faipule, non-attendance without reasonable excuse to be punishable by fine as under Reg. xlii, Sec. Ill (11). 5. Collecting funds from Samoans .. .. That a regulation be made prohibiting any one from collecting money from Natives without the approval of the Administrator, except for religious or charitable purposes. 6. Letter to H.M. the King .. .. .. That a committee prepare a letter for H.M. the King, to be agreed to and signed by all members of the Fono, conveying birthday greetings, &c. (Toelupe, Leilua, and Laupue.)
A.— 4.
38
Resolution or Proposal. | Decision. 7. Speech for presentation to the Minister of That a committee prepare a letter, to be agreed to and signed External Affairs by all Faipule, and read to the Minister on the 2nd June, 1927. (Ama, Tapusoa, Vaai.) 8. Letter to all Samoa re political agitation .. That a committee prepare a special letter, to be signed by all Faipule, for circulation to all Samoa. This to state that, after investigation, the Fono is persuaded that the present political agitation is wrong, &c.. (Fonoti, Seanoa, Tafua.) 9. That in order to avoid land disputes between Approved. His Excellency pointed out how difficult it was to villages and districts a survey be made by carry out the work unless the parties concerned would assist the Government of all boundaries of land the surveyor who was sent to help them. between villages, the Ali'i and Faipule of villages concerned to give all assistance to the surveyor 10. That a fishing-boat be presented to the Samoan His Excellency stated that he would ascertain the cost of this boat patients in Makogai, the cost to be defrayed which should not exceed about £30, so that £1 from each district by small subscriptions from each family, so would probably be sufficient. He would write to the Faipule as to ensure that every family in Samoa later and let them know the amount to be collected, remembered their duty to their people suffering in Makogai 11. Roads be made in Faasaleleaga suitable for A matter of finance. Inquiry to be made as to how much will be use of motor-cars and cars then be allowed contributed by (1) Natives, and (2) traders. The Government in that district will then consider the proposition of a grant. His Excellency will discuss it on the next malaga. 12. Water-supply, Faasaleleaga .. A pumping plant on order from England will be installed as soon as it arrives. The water is not sufficient for a pipe-line supply. 13. Bridges, Safotu .. .. .. . . Two bridges to be erected after inspection by Engineer in Charge, Public Works Department. 14. Water-supply, Safotu, from Paia scheme .. Not sufficient supply. A pumping plant may be installed later. Records of water measurements over a period of years show insufficient water for a pipe-line supply. 15. Water-supply, Fasito'o .. . . .. The District of Sagaga, Leulumoega. Fasito'o and Leauva'a to confer and agree on a scheme, and then confer with the Engineer in Charge, Public Works. The supply is sufficient. His Excellency will meet Sagaga in Fono during June, 1927. 16. Water-supply, Manono : Increase of three One cement tank to be built this year at Manono. Engineer in tanks requested Charge will inquire as to whether Falelatai scheme can be extended to supply the plantations of Manono. 17. Lefaga water-supply : Council asks for the It is reported by Chief Engineer that the prospects are splendid work to be hurried forwarded, as they have for a good water-supply, and he hopes to commence operations commenced their levy to pay for same at the end of the year. 18. Lotofaga water-supply : Repairs and new To be proceeded with at once. pipes to renovate former system 19. Aleipata sea-wall, to prevent erosion by the His Excellency will inspect with Engineer next malaga, and instruct sea and destruction of road and loss of as to building of groins. coconut-trees 20. Salega water-supply : The Council request to The cost of this scheme is very high. It is therefore decided to to be linked up with Salailua water-supply submit estimates to the district 30 that they may know the cost scheme j and choose whether to install pipe-line supply or cement tanks. 21. Lufilufi drinking-pool: This heeds cementing, j Decided to send Public Works Department carpenter, who, assisted and footbridge needs renovating ' by twelve men from Lufilufi, will attend to protecting the wall of the drinking-pool and repairs to bridge. 22. Electric-light scheme, Falefa, for districts of Districts advised to collect money and earmark for this hydroFonoti, Tainau, and Sagapoiutele electric scheme, for which negotiations will now proceed. 23. Tu'ufa'atasi Co. report to be submitted to the Inquiry as decided upon last Fono not yet held, as officials appointed Fono have been on leave. The inquiry to proceed as soon as possible. 24. Tokelau request re unmarried people in the Law to be made. Tokelau islands living as married 25. Copra : Appeal to Government to assist in [Translation.J We are not satisfied with the price for our copra, disposing of Native copra and we realize that the price we receive is lower than that paid to people of neighbouring South. Sea islands. Therefore we ask the Government to assist us and ship our copra away to be sold in any market of the world where the price is good. We know that the price of copra now is better than that paid before the Great War. We promise that Samoa will try to make first-class copra. This is our petition in accordance with our desire to help our country, and it is the unanimous wish of the Faipule Fono. 26. Fanuafala, an islet of Tokelau desired by The Administrator will take steps to purchase Fanuafala from Natives of Fakaofo European owners whose title is unquestioned. A valuation will be made, and the Natives informed as to the cost. 27. Tokelau boys in Government schools appeal Agreed that these boys' families pay their taxes in Tokelau copra. for exemption from taxes Exempt from Samoan taxes. This to apply only to boys in Government schools in Samoa. 28. Memorial, H. S. Griffin : A committee to (1) A letter of condolence to be signed by Fautua and all Faipule bring recommendations before the Fono to be forwarded to Mrs. Griffin. (2) A memorial cairn to be erected in Mulinu'u, with a suitable inscription as to Mr. Griffin's work for Samoa. (3) That Faipule refer to their districts that a scholarship for boys be instituted to be called " H. S. Griffin Scholarship," to provide for the selected boy to go to New Zealand for education. Districts to consider the financing of the scholarship by small annual contribution from each, sufficient to maintain one boy in New Zealand while he undergoes a course of education. 29. That Government tax be paid in copra and Agreed to, but one or two districts complained that they might not in cash not be able to do this. Special instructions as to the total amount of money or copra would be issued to districts as soon as possible.
A—4.
FONO OF FAIPULE. New Laws Concerning Samoans made in 1927. 1. Native Market Law. The new market building in Apia was built not by the Government, but by private enterprise. All Samoan foodstuffs formerly sold on the beach must now be sold in this market, except on holidays, when foodstuffs can- be sold at places authorized by the police. Persons who sell in the market must get a license. All food sold in the market must be good ; bad food or fish may be destroyed by an Inspector. No one must misbehave themselves in the market. Any one offending against laws may be fined twenty-five pounds. 2. Melanesian Labourers Law. These labourers to be paid at the same rates as the Chinese. No one to employ a Melanesian labourer except the Government. 3. Maintenance of Native Authority Law. Any one who spreads false reports, makes any statement, writes any article intending to undermine the Samoan Government, Faipules, chiefs, or Samoan officials, or other Native authorities, is liable to punishment in prison for twelve months or one hundred pounds fine. 4. Impounding of Cattle Law. Horses and cattle that stray on the roads or other people's property may be impounded. There is a pound in Apia, and one at Fagamalo. If other districts wish to have a pound, the District Committee will make a request for one to be established in their district. Address to the Administrator, delivered by Ama F.P., Chairman of the Fono of Faipule, dated 11th February, 1928. [Note. —This Fono considered the political situation only, and did not deal with details of administration. ] Your Excellency,— We are very grateful to Your Excellency that we are able to assemble together and discuss useful subjects and means that may be effective in the attempt to remove the obstacles to Samoa's advance. There need be not the slightest doubt in Your Excellency's mind, or the New Zealand Government and the nations of the world, as to the cause of the disturbance and the many adverse influences which have been instructed to upset the many good and notable works already done ; also the delay of works which were proposed for this year and the future years. We express our deep gratitude to Your Excellency for your love to our country, and the great number of good things we now observe that New Zealand has done for the prosperity of Samoa at Your Excellency's instigation. We clearly understand Your Excellency's explanation regarding the resolutions of our last Fono which have come before this present Fono. A great many of these decisions could not be carried out because of the trouble caused by the Mau. This has become like a wall to hedge about Samoa and hinder its progress and prosperity that have been noted through Your Excellency's diligence and earnest love for our insignificant country. We truly believe in your love and your patience, which are a great example to us. We cannot cease our thanks to the New Zealand Government because of her help and her love, and also patience in continuing her financial aid so that many works can be constructed for the benefit of Samoa. Your Excellency has mentioned in your address the difference you observe between Samoa and other countries, in that Samoa has such a great number of chiefs. The custom of our people of Samoa is to be polite and respectful, and we are certain that it is Your Excellency's will that such should be continued, and that our good characteristics and customs should be preserved. Put it is like the case of the husbandman and his field. He sowed good seed in his land, but by and by what appeared was not only the good seed he had sowed but also the bad. The husbandman, when he saw this, said, "An enemy has done this." In the great number of events that are happening at present a new characteristic is seen not in accordance with Samoan usages, in years gone by. That was the real meaning of the desire put before Sir Francis Pell when the Faipule went to New Zealand—that the Minister would, in his kindness, not permit a number of lawyers to come to Samoa until some future date when the youth of Samoa would be sufficiently educated to understand something of the law. This is the real cause of Your Excellency's difficulty in the loving and earnest attempt you are making for this country. For there is a ceaseless sowing of the seeds of deceiving Samoa by Europeans, because they know this country is fruitful soil and evil quickly springs up and spreads, and that the time has not arrived when Samoa's wisdom is adequate. We accept without a doubt New Zealand's clean and righteous Government, and this established system for the control of Samoa we feel should be continued. Village Committees discuss and rule their own affairs; District Councils discuss and control matters for the benefit of their districts; the Fono of Faipule discuss and control matters for the country under the Chairmanship of His Excellency the Administrator. There is free discussion and expression of our opinion in all subjects, and we as Faipules do not hesitate to state freely what we believe to be true.
39
A.—4
All the matters raised by the Mail Committee are directed to break up the peace and upset the foundations of the House Beautiful of Samoa. The name of that house is " Manuia," and that house is founded in the wisdom and knowledge of the noted master builder, Sir George Richardson, Your Excellency. We proudly make known to the world our opinion, as follows : That even though men may blame this leader for the troubles they have caused—they who are working for their own interests and who claim to love Samoans —they are not so, they are the enemies of the country, and have led astray a great number up to the present time. We are thankful to have the decision of the Royal Commission, and now the minds of all intelligent men of the world are clear as to the cause of this .unrest. But this wrong should be stopped, and right established. We thank Your Excellency for your patience during insults and the many unjust criticisms and foolish conduct, whieh is even still continued. We recall the words of the wiseman, " Many enemies are risen up against me, but they will be overcome, and authority will be established." APPENDIX B. Detailed Replies to Inquiries made by Members op the Permanent Mandates Commission at its Twelfth Session. Note. —The page numbers refer to Document C. 545, M. 194, 1927, VI. Page 110.—Copy of Proceedings of a Fono of Faipules. —Copy of the proceedings of the May Fono are attached to this report as an appendix. Copies of Laws and Ordinances. —Bound copies of these documents are now being supplied for each member of the Permanent Mandates Commission. In subsequent years all such documents will be printed (as in this instance) as an appendix to the annual report. Administration of the Smaller Islands. —The following are particulars of the smaller islands of the Group : — Apolima is situated between the islands of Savai'i and Upolu, and is formed of a single crater-wall open to the sea. The crater-walls have steep profiles rising to a height of 472 ft. above sea-level. The inner slopes are very fertile, and, owing to the impervious nature of the tuff, numerous small springs, and a small stream draining to the north across the crater, render the island habitable. The island has an area of 150 acres, with a population of 157. The village is situated on a pretty coral sand beach near the entrance of the crater. The greater part of the island is planted in coconuts, bananas, taro, yam, and breadfruit. The boat-passage is narrow and tortuous, and is only passable for small Native boats in fine weather. An Aga light located on the higher part of the crater-wall serves as a guide to shipping. Manono is situated to the south-east of Apolima, being within the fringing reef of Upolu. The island has a rounded top, with the steepest slopes to the north-east, and running out very flat to the south-west. This part is mostly composed of coral sand, with occasional outcrops of vesicular basalt, whilst the rock nearer the summit is more massive. It has an area of about 730 acres, and is very fertile. With the exception of a small area of bush in the centre, the island is well planted with coconuts, bananas, taro, yam, and breadfruit. The population is 719, and all the villages are scattered at fairly regular intervals along the coast-line, all of which are connected with a good walking-track. Launches and Native boats have no difficulty in reaching the island from the mainland, as there is deep water inside the reef, and channels are well defined. There are no streams on the island, and the few springs are brackish. Water is obtained from five reinforced-concrete cisterns erected by the present Administration, and one mass concrete cistern, with a total capacity of 75,000 gallons for the whole of the island. There are two very small outlying islands which are not inhabited, but which are used as cemeteries. The larger, Nuulopa (area about J acre), lying to the west, contains a lava tunnel of historical interest. Fanuatapu lies to the east of Upolu, and is situated on the edge of the fringing reef. It has fairly steep sides rising to a height of 170 ft., and is very barren. It is not inhabited owing to absence of water ; and, apart from a few coconut-trees on the eastern side, the island is covered with patches of scrubby bush and light fern. There are few wild goats on the island, which has an area of about 30 acres. An Aga light is located on the top of the island, and serves as a guide to shipping. Namua lies close to Fanuatapu in a south-westerly direction on the edge of the reef. The island is composed of a well-bedded tuff, and has an area of 37 acres, of which 22 acres are planted in coconuts, with the balance in bush. The island is fertile, rising to a height of 120 ft. on the eastern side, but there is no water. The island, which belongs to the Samoa Administration, is at present leased to a European planter, and is not inhabited. It is easily reached from the mainland. The only cultivation, apart from coconuts, is bananas, cocoa, and breadfruit. There is an outstanding number of poumulitrees (local hardwood) on the island, otherwise the bush is poor. Nuutele Island is situated due south of Namua Island, but is outside the reef, and is very similar to Apolima. It is formed of a crater-wall with particularly steep slopes on the south side, and is open to the sea on the east side. The area is about 265 acres, and the highest point 178 ft. above sea-level. The inner .slopes are fertile, and owing to the impervious nature of the tuff a number of springs make the island habitable. Some few years ago the island was used as a leper station, but the buildings were demolished and the station abandoned. The island is now used only by Natives whilst fishing. The cultivation of coconuts, which is approximately 75 acres, is very poor. There are small cultivations of bananas, a few yams and taro, and the balance scrubby bush. The boatpassage on the eastern side of the island is very rough, and there are no roads on the isla.nd,
40
A.—4,
Nuulua lies just to the south-east of Nuutele, and is of similar formation, but more precipitous and rocky. It has an area of about 70 acres, and rises to a height of 120 ft. above sea-level. In the centre of the island there is a small patch of bush, but otherwise there is practically no cultivation. The landing is dangerous, and the only water obtainable is from a spring under the rocks, which is difficult of access. There are no Natives living on the island, and the outstanding feature is the number of wild goats which overrun the island. Nuusafe'e is situated at the entrance to Falealili Harbour, on the south coast of Upolu. It is surrounded by a coral reef, and is formed of coral sand. It has an area of about 21- acres, and is only a few feet above sea-level. It is planted in coconuts, and the island is used by the Natives when out fishing. There is no water on the island. There are a few smaller uninhabited islets, such as Matautu, in Saluafata Harbour ; two others on the south-west of Upolu, near Aufaga ; and two in Faasaleleaga, Savai'i. Apart from Upolu and Savai'i, the only two inhabited islands are Apolima and Manono. These are included in No. 1 Faipule District as shown on the inset map which accompanied the annual report, and are administered as such. Page 111.—Number of Districts.-—The number of District Faipules should be shown as thirty-two. District No. 9 shown on the inset map has two Faipules, as set out in the letterpress, and two District Councils. Membership of Legislative Council, and Question of Electorate.—The qualifications for electors are set out in the Samoa Legislative Council (Elective Membership) Order in Council, 1923. These qualifications were arranged and agreed to at a series of conferences between His Excellency the Administrator and the late Mr. Charles Roberts and Mr. Nelson, representing the citizens. The only suggestion for amendment since made by the elected members was given effect to by the amending Order in Council of 1926. The present total European population is some 2,600 of whom it is estimated that 400 are pure white and 2,200 half-caste. Half-castes and Europeans of mixed marriage are in a large majority on the electoral roll. Page 113. —Public Finances: Loans. —The amount " £120,000 "is a misprint for £100,000. The total loan at the 31st March, 1927, was £131,000. Rents paid for lands leased by the New Zealand Reparation Estates are not credited to the Budget of the Territory. Native Taxation. —In considering the proportion of Native income that is paid by way of taxation it should be remembered that the Samoan Native do.es not earn his livelihood by labour or trade. His wants are small and are largely supplied by nature, and in very many cases his preparation and sale of copra is limited to a considerable extent to the amount that he is called upon to pay by way of taxation. Page 114.—Judicial Organization : Jurisdiction of Nntive Judges.—Native Judges are appointed under section 67 of the Samoa Act, 1921. Their jurisdiction is in part defined by that section and is in part prescribed by the Administrator in their warrant of appointment (see page 147, Western Samoa Gazette of 17th June, 1925). Growth and Sale of Copra.—This matter has been fully dealt with in the report of the Royal Commission and in the evidence given before that body. Page 115. —Trading Concerns. —The only trading concern in which the Administration is engaged is the Casino Hotel. This replaces the Central Hotel previously run by the Administration, but now converted into shops, offices, and flats, and rented as such. The Administration is compelled to carry on the Casino Hotel because private enterprise will not provide a suitable accommodation-house to provide for travellers, tourists, and the needs of the local community. The hotel undertaking has been advertised for lease without result. Page 117.—Labour.—The provisions of section 7 of the Native Regulation (Samoa) Order of 1925 concerning the construction, maintenance, and cleaning of roads and tracks under the authority of the District Councils make no mention of payment to the workers employed, for the reasons that this is entirely community work, and because the provisions are merely a statutory recognition of a system which has always been in accord with Samoan custom. Page 118. —Freedom of Conscience. —The late Mr. Griffin was engaged in New Zealand by the London Missionary Society to come to Samoa to take charge of their printing-press, and he remained in charge of this until he left the mission in 1920 to take up service under the Administration. Page 119.—Education. —There are two second-grade schools at Manono—London Missionary Society and Methodist Mission respectively. There are no second-grade schools at Apolima, but there is the usual Native village school. Advanced pupils from Apolima attend the second : grade schools at Manono. The only public cinema is situated in Apia. Films cannot be shown until they have been censored by a committee consisting of a local resident of long standing and the Secretary for Native Affairs. Other cinema-machines are in the hands of officers of the Health and Education Departments for use for educational purposes. All village and Grade II schools are co-education schools, as well as the Government Native and European schools in Apia. All children of school age are supposed to attend school, and, from the fact that according to a census taken on the 31st December, 1926, 13,788 pupils were attending the various Government and mission schools, the proportion not attending must be very small indeed. Knowledge of Samoan Language.—All New Zealand officials are not compelled to learn Samoan, nor is this considered to be necessary or advisable. Generally speaking, Samoan words and phrases are susceptible of so many varied meanings that it is unwise to deal officially in that language with
6—A. 4.
41
A.—4.
Natives except through an interpreter, unless one has an intimate knowledge of the language acquired by years of closest contact with the Natives. Owing to the fact that chiefs speak what is very largely a different language from.that used by the taulelea, anything else than a very complete knowledge of Samoan may lead to complications. European officials in the Native Department are now obliged to learn Samoan before being considered for promotion. Page 121. —Public Health.—(a) Re Dr. Buxton's report and prevalence of filariasis : — The Health Department of the Administration has studied Dr. Buxton's report. Regarding the prevalence of filariasis in Samoa in 1926, Dr. O'Connor, prior to 1923, found a filarial incidence of 58-3 per cent, in 2,509 Samoans over fifteen years of age, and Dr. Buxton himself states in his book that a large number of Natives are affected by it, and suffer from the diseases associated with its presence in the body. There is actually no diminution in the amount of filariasis in Western Samoa, and it is probable that the impression of diminution arose from the following causes : (1) Filariasis, as far as is known at present, takes several forms, but in the Apia Hospital each manifestation of the disease is listed under its own name—viz., elephantiasis, hydrocele, mumu, &c. (2) The Samoa.ns are more or less habituated to the various forms of the disease, and comparatively few come for treatment : as for example, elephantoid scrota come for operation, whereas elephantoid legs and arms do not, but very many of the latter forms of the disease are in evidence. The London School of Tropical Medicine were anxious to continue the researches into the incidence, cause, and treatment of filariasis commenced by Dr. O'Connor, and accordingly sent Dr. Buxton and Mr. Hopkins to Western Samoa in January, 1924. The Samoan Administration paid all passages to and from London and travelling-expenses in Samoa, provided free accommodation in Samoa, and gave the free use of its laboratory with a qualified bacteriologist. Our present knowledge of filariasis with its various manifestations is small, and from the scientific point of view the expedition under Dr. Buxton has fully justified itself, though much remains to be done yet. (b) Using European missionaries for Public Health work In the early days of the missions in Samoa the missionaries were sometimes also qualified doctors, or otherwise had some medical training. Since medical practitioners became available, however, it has not been necessary for missionaries to have other than a superficial knowledge of the treatment of minor ailments. It has always been the policy of our Health Department to co-operate as far as possible with missionaries of all denominations. Trained Native nurses are, where possible, placed with or near to mission stations. The following list will illustrate the extent to which this policy is at present given effect:— Upolu— (1) Lufilufi out-station staffed by trained Native nurse working in conjunction with the Methodist College at Piula, which is adjacent to Lufilufi. (2) Malua, the headquarters of the London Missionary Society, has one trained Native nurse. (3) Satalo, adjacent to the London Missionary Society's station at Logo Logo—one trained nurse. (4) Sataoa, London Missionary Society's station —one trained nurse. (5) Matautu Mission Station —one trained nurse. (6) Fusi Mission Station—one trained nurse. (7) Mulifanua Mission Station—one trained nurse. Savai'i— (1) Satupaitea, Methodist Mission headquarters—one trained nurse. (2) Gaga'emalae, next to Salailua London Missionary Society's station—one trained nurse. (3) Falealupo, Catholic Mission —priest dispenses drugs supplied from Apia Hospital. (4) Sataua Mission Station —one trained nurse. From the above list it will be seen that practically every mission station has its trained Administration nurse working in co-operation with it, or the district served by a mission has a nurse working in it. In many instances, such as parts of Savai'i, we have nurses where there are no mission stations. It is not believed to be desirable to depend upon missionaries to do the work of trained Native nurses, as there are not enough of them to be of any great practical value, and in any case they probably would only attend cases that came to them, and not be able to visit as our nurses do. Page 121.—Land Tenure.—(a) The following are among the contributing causes of so much land remaining uncultivated in European hands : — (i) The high costs of imported labour required for clearing, planting, and bringing into bearing new cultivations. Samoan labour is costly, unsatisfactory, and unprocurable for any definite or prolonged period. (ii) Of the alienated land, probably 25 per cent, is waste and uncultivatable land. (iii) At present the undeveloped lands are mainly unapproachable, as there has been no road -development work in these areas. (iv) Approximately 100,000 acres of the alienated land is owned by the New Zealand Government, whose policy it is to reserve sufficient areas to provide for the possible future needs of the Samoan people. This refers to ex-enemy property now vested in the Crown. (b) Position of the private planters : There are seventeen private planters who own their own property of 50 acres or more, and eighteen private planters who are tenants of the New Zealand Reparation Estates. The terms under which the latter properties are leased provide for an occupational period of ten years with the right of extension for two further periods of ten years each at a reassessment of rent, such reassessment to be by arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Act (N.Z.). Several of the earlier leases were for a lesser period, but these are all being brought into line as they
42
A.—4
fall due. There is no possibility of the lessees being turned out of their properties at short notice. The lessor can only re-enter into possession if there is some breach of the terms of lease, and even then the lessee can assert his right to have the question of breach or otherwise determined by arbitration. The financial position of private planters generally has never at any time been a serious one. It is true that certain of them are in debt to the New Zealand Reparation Estates for advances for the purpose of making improvements in their properties and for installing modern machinery for dealing with their produce. The majority of the lessees are men of small capital, and the course adopted in advancing moneys for the purposes stated is enabling the planters to build up their resources. APPENDIX C. SAMOA CUSTOMS CONSOLIDATION AMENDMENT ORDER, 1927 (No. 2). Charles Fergusson, Governor-General. Order in Council. At the Government House at Wellington, this 6th day of June, 1927. Present: His Excellency the Governor-General in Council. His Excellency the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand, acting by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council of that Dominion, and in pursuance of the authority to make regulations for the peace, order, and good government of Samoa conferred upon him by the Samoa Act, 1921, and of all other powers and authorities enabling him in that behalf, doth hereby amend the Samoa Customs Consolidation Order, 1923, by making the following regulations. Regulations. 1. These regulations may be cited as the Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment Order, 1927 (No. 2), and shall be read with and form part of the Samoa Customs Consolidation Order, 1923, and shall come into operation on the sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and twenty-seven. 2. The First Schedule (Import Duties) of the Samoa Customs Consolidation Order, 1923, is hereby amended in the manner and to the extent following, namely : — (1) By revoking paragraphs (iii) and (iv) of clause (a) thereof, and by substituting therefor the following :— " (iii) Goods manufactured within the British Dominions in which all the manufacturing processes are performed in such Dominions from unmanufactured raw materials and/or from one or more of the partly manufactured raw materials not produced in such Dominions, enumerated hereafter in clause (j) hereof. " (iv) Goods partially produced or partially manufactured in the British Dominions, provided . that the final process of manufacture has been performed in one of such Dominions and also that the expenditure in material produced in such Dominions and/or labour performed within such Dominions (calculated subject to the qualification in clause (b) hereof) in each and every article is not less than one-half of the factory or works cost of such article in its finished state." (2) By revoking clause (b) thereof, and by substituting therefor the following : — " (6) In the calculation of the proportion of produce or labour of the British Dominions for the purpose of paragraph (iv) of clause (a) hereof none of the following items shall be included or considered:— " (1) Manufacturer's profit, or the profit or remuneration of any trader, agent, broker, or other person dealing in the article in its finished condition; " (2) Royalties; " (3) The cost of outside packages or any cost of packing the goods thereinto ; or " (4) Any cost of conveying, insuring, or shipping the goods subsequent to their manufacture." (3) By revoking clause (d) thereof, and by substituting therefor the following : — "(d) ' British Dominions' includes British. protectorates and territories subject to mandates conferred on His Majesty by the League of Nations." (4) By adding after clause (i) thereof the following additional clauses (j) and (k): — " (j) The following is the list referred to in paragraph (iii) of clause (a) hereof : — " List op Partly Manufactured Raw Materials referred to in Paragraph (iii) of " Clause (a) hereof. " Abrasive material, including corundum, alundum, carborundum, emery, and similar materials; " Argols ; " Asbestos, fibre; " Asphalt, bitumen, tar, and pitch; " Bromine and iodine ; " Camphor, laurel, crude ; " Carbon-black or gas-black ; " Coir yarn; " Dyes and vegetable substances used in making dyes; " Fibres, natural, animal, or vegetable, even though sorted, dressed, scoured, or similarly treated, including raw silk, organzine, and tram silk ; " Graphite, artificial; " Gums, and resins, refined ; " Hides and skins, with or without wool or hair, salted or pickled; " Isinglass; " Lemon or orange rinds in brine ; " Liquorice extract in bulk ; " Magnesite, calcined; " Meats and fish, fresh, chilled, or frozen; " Metals in the form of pigs or ingots or in cruder forms (e.g., mattes, concentrates, regulus) ; mercury ; copper or zinc in bars, blocks, cakes, and slabs ; iron or steel blooms, billets, or slabs ; iron bars (Swedish) made from iron puddled with charcoal; ferrosilicon ; metal scrap, suitable for resmelting ; " Oils, essential, natural; oil of turpentine ;
7—A. 4.
43
A—4.
•' Oils —viz., whale-oils and fish-oils, crude; Chinese wood-oil, palm-oil, olive-oil, crude or refined ; " Potassium, chloride and sulphate of ; " Rags, or waste, cotton or linen, for respinning or for paper and pulp-making ; " Rags, woollen, for respinning or for making flock ; " Rubber —viz., crepe rubber ; guttapercha and balata, crude ; " Sodium nitrate ; " Sponges, unbleached; " Strawboard (of Dutch type); " Sugar, unrefined, and molasses ; " Sulphur, in blocks ; " Tanning extracts, vegetable ; " Tanning materials, vegetable—viz., barks, sumach, gambier, and similar materials, ground or powdered ; " Timber, hewn or rough-sawn; also brier-root or similar blocks, rough-shaped for making tobacco-pipes; " Waxes, animal, mineral, or vegetable, refined or unrefined; " Wood-pulp, chemical or mechanical. k) The following are regarded as instances of unmanfactured raw materials for the purposes of these regulations :— " Natural products {e.g., minerals ; animals ; plants; shrubs, trees, vegetables, or parts thereof such as leaves, barks, fruits, pods, nuts, nut-kernels, or roots) which have not been subjected to any industrial process or processes except (a) those primary processes whereby natural products are ordinarily obtained from the farm, mine, forest, fisheries, &c., and (b) the processes of cleaning, separating, sorting, and drying, and of the killing of animals. For example,— " Bones, hoofs, and horns ; tusks (ivory). " Cork, unmanufactured. " Grain or seeds, cleaned or graded, but otherwise unmanufactured. " Logs, unwrought. " Ores, metallic. " Petroleum, crude. ' " Salt, rock. " Skins, raw or sun-dried. " Wool, greasy." F. D. Thomson, Clerk of the Executive Council. SAMOA CUSTOMS CONSOLIDATION AMENDMENT ORDER, 1927 (No. 3). Charles Fergusson, Governor-General. Order in Council. At the Government House at Wellington, this 27th day of June, 1927. Present: His Excellency the Governor-General in Council. His Excellency the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand, acting by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council of the said Dominion, and in pursuance of the authority to make regulations for the peace, order, and good government of Samoa, conferred on him by the Samoa Act, 1921, and of all other powers enabling him in that behalf, doth hereby amend the Samoa Customs Consolidation Order, 1923, by making the following regulations : — Reguiations. 1. These regulations may be cited as the Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment Order, 1927 (No. 3), and shall be read with and form part of the Samoa Customs Consolidation Order, 1923. 2. The Second Schedule (Export Duties) to the Samoa Customs Consolidation Order, 1923, is hereby amended by adding theieto the following additional item :—
F. D. Thomson, Clerk of the Executive Council. AMENDING THE SAMOA IMMIGRATION CONSOLIDATION ORDER, 1924. Charles Fergusson, Governor-General. Order in Council. At the Government House at Wellington, this 20th day of June, 1927. Present: His Excellency the Governor-General in Council. His Excellency the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand, acting by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council of that Dominion, and in pursuance of the authority to make regulations for the peace, order, and good government of Samoa conferred upon him by the Samoa Act, 1921, and of all other powers enabling him in that behalf, doth hereby amend in the manner set forth in the Schedule hereto the Samoa Immigration Consolidation Order, 1924 (hereinafter referred to as " the said Order "). Schedule. (a) By omitting from clause 6 of the said Order the words " the Minister of External Affairs," and substituting the words " the Governor-General in Council " : (b) By omitting from paragraph (a) of subclause (1) of clause 6 of the said Order the words " and that he is not permanently resident in Samoa, or has not at the date of the Order so made been permanently resident in Samoa for at least twelve months, or is an alien not born in Samoa." F. D. Thomson, Clerk of the Executive Council.
44
Tariff No. Goods. Rate of Duty. 5 Beche-de-mer .. .. .. $d. per lb.
A.—4.
SAMOA AMENDMENT ACT. 1927, No. 7. Title. An Act to amend the Samoa Act, 1921. [sth August, 1927.\ Be it enacted by the General Assembly of New Zealand in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows :— Short Title. 1. This Act may be cited as the Samoa Amendment Act, 1927, and shall be read together with and deemed part of the Samoa Act, 1921 (hereinafter referred to as the principal Act). Administrator may require person to show cause why he should not be ordered to leave Samoa, or should not be removed to a place within Samoa. 2. (1) If the Administrator has reason to believe that any person is preventing or hindering the due performance by the Government of the Dominion of New Zealand of its functions and duties under the terms of the Mandate set forth in the First Schedule to the principal Act and of the Covenant of the League of Nations, or the due administration of the executive government of the Territory, he may, by writing under his hand, require such person to appear before him at a time and place to be named in such writing to show cause why the provisions of this Act should not be made applicable in' his case. (2) If such person shall duly appear as required the Administrator shall inform him generally of the matters which have induced such belief as aforesaid, and shall grant him full opportunity of denial or explanation. Administrator may make order if satisfied that person concerned is preventing or hindering the due administration of the Territory. (3) After hearing such person if he has appeared according to such requirement as aforesaid, or without such hearing if such person has refused or neglected to so appear, the Administrator, if satisfied that such person is preventing or hindering the due performance of the functions and duties or the due administration as aforesaid, may, by order under his hand, if authorized in that behalf by the Governor-General in Council, require such person, — (a) If a European, to depart from Samoa, and to remain absent from Samoa for a period not exceeding five years to be named in such order : (b) If a Samoan, to remove to a place in Samoa defined in such order and not to depart therefrom for a period not exceeding two years to be named in such order. (4) If after knowledge of the making of such order such person, if a European, fails to comply with the requirement within thirty days, or if a Samoan, within fourteen days, he commits an offence against this Act. (5) An order made by the Administrator under this Act may at any time be revoked by him, either absolutely or conditionally, if authorized in that behalf by the Governor-General in Council. Administrator may order arrest and detention of person pending his deportation or removal. 3. (1) When the Administrator in pursuance of this Act has ordered any person to depart from Samoa, or to remove to a defined part of Samoa, he may by the same or any subsequent order, if he considers such a course necessary in the public interest, and whether or not default has yet been made in obedience to the order, authorize the arrest of that person and, — (a) In the case of a European, authorize his deportation from Samoa on a vessel about to leave Samoa : (b) In the case of a Samoan, authorize his removal under arrest to the place in Samoa defined in the order. (2) Where a person is arrested pursuant to such authority he may be detained in custody until his deportation or removal is practicable. Offences against Act. 4. (1) If a person required to depart from Samoa returns to Samoa before the expiration of the period defined in the order, or before the revocation of the order, he commits an offence against this Act. (2) If a person ordered to remove to and remain in a defined part of Samoa leaves that defined part before the expiration of the period defined in the order, or before the revocation of the order, he commits an offence against this Act. Penalty for offences. 5. Every person who commits an offence against this Act, or aids or abets any other person in the commission of an offence against this Act, is liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding twelve months or to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds. Application of Act to Tokelau Islands. 6. For all the purposes of the preceding sections of this Act the Union (Tokelau) Islands shall be deemed to form part of Samoa. EXTRACT FROM FINANCE ACT, 1927 (No. 2). 8. (1) The authority conferred on the Minister of Finance by section four of the Finance Act, 1926,* to invest any of the balances of the Public Account, or any part thereof, by way of loan to the Samoan Treasury, is hereby extended to enable the said Minister so to invest in the aggregate not more than forty-six thousand pounds. (2) Subsection one of the said section four is hereby consequentially amended by omitting the words " sixteen thousand pounds " and substituting the words " forty-six thousand pounds." 9. (1) The profits accrued to the New Zealand Reparation Estates Account for the year ended on the thirty-first day of March, nineteen hundred and twenty-seven, shall, without further appropriation than this section, be applied as follows :— (а) The sum of twelve thousand pounds shall be paid into and for the purposes of the Samoan Treasury : (б) Not more than fifty per centum of the residue thereof may from time to time be applied towards the development of the New Zealand Reparation Estates for purposes and in amounts to be approved by the Minister of External Affairs : (c) The balance shall be credited to the Reserve Fund referred to in section eight of the Samoa Amendment Act, 1926, to be administered as provided in that section. (2) All moneys paid into the Samoan Treasury pursuant to this section shall form part of the public revenues of Samoa.
* Section 4 of the Finance Act, 1926, was as follows : — " (1) The Minister of Finance may from time to time invest any of the balances of the Public Account, or any part thereof, not exceeding in the aggregate the sum of sixteen thousand pounds, by way of loan to the Samoan Treasury. " (2) All such moneys shall in the first instance be paid into a Suspense Account, and shall from time to time, as required, be paid to the Samoan Treasury as if they had been appropriated by Parliament for the purpose of making loans to the Samoan Treasury pursuant to section thirty-three of the Samoa Act, 1921."
45
A.—4.
APPLICATION OF COMMISSIONS OF INQUIRY ACT TO SAMOA. Charles Fergusson, Governor-General. Order in Council. At the Government House at Wellington, this 12th day of September, 1927. Present: His Excellency the Governor-General in Council. His Excellency the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand, acting by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council of that Dominion, and in pursuance of the authority to make regulations for the peace, order, and good government of Samoa, conferred upon him by the Samoa Act, 1921, and of all other powers and authorities enabling him in that behalf, doth hereby make the following regulations. Regulations. 1. These regulations may be cited as " The Samoa Commissions of Inquiry Order, 1927." 2. The Commissions of Inquiry Act, 1908 (as amended by the Commissions of Inquiry Amendment Act, 1920), hereinafter called " the said Act," and the scale of costs made under the Commissioners Act, 1903, on the 15th day of December, 1903, and enuring under the said Act, shall extend and apply to and be in force in Western Samoa. 3. In the application of the said Act to Western Samoa, section 2 thereof shall be deemed to extend to the administration of the Government of Samoa and to the conduct of any officer in the Samoa Public Service (as defined by the Samoa Act, 1921) or the New Zealand Reparation Estates Service (as defined by the New Zealand Reparation Estates Service Order, 1926). 4. In the application of the said Act to Western Samoa, section 6 thereof shall be read as though after the words " Courts of law ' were added the words " in New Zealand proper." 5. In the application of the said Act to Western Samoa, subsection (1) of section 8 thereof shall be read as though for the words "Minister of Internal Affairs" were substituted the words "Minister of External Affairs or the Administrator," and as though after the words "Consolidated Fund" were added " or out of the Samoan Treasury as, having regard to the circumstances, the Minister of Finance may think fit." 6. In the application of the said Act to Western Samoa, section 12 thereof shall be read as though there were added thereto the following additional subsection :— " (4) The Court so named may nevertheless, irrespective of the amount recoverable under the order, if the person by whom any costs are ordered to be paid is, in the opinion of the Commission, resident in Samoa, be the High Court of Western Samoa." 7. In the application of the said Act to Western Samoa, subsection (2) of section 13 thereof shall be read as though after the words " Supreme Court " were inserted the words " or High Court of Western Samoa," and as though for the words " that Court " were substituted the words " such Court." F. D. Thomson, Clerk of the Executive Council. AUTHORIZING THE ADMINISTRATOR OF WESTERN SAMOA TO PROHIBIT THE TRANSMISSION OR DELIVERY OF CERTAIN TELEGRAMS. Charles Fergusson, Governor-General. Order in Council. At the Government Buildings at Wellington, this 18th day of February, 1928. Present: The Right Honourable J. G. Coates, P.C., presiding in Council. In pursuance and exercise of the power to make regulations for the peace, order, and good government of Western Samoa, conferred on him by the Samoa Act, 1921, and of all other powers enabling him in that behalf, His Excellency the Governor-General of the Dominion of New Zealand, acting by and with the advice and consent of the Executive Council of the said Dominion, doth hereby make the regulations hereinafter set forth. Regulations. 1. These regulations may be cited as the Samoa Post and Telegraph Amendment Order, 1928, and shall be read together with and deemed part of the Samoa Post and Telegraph Order, 1920. 2. For the purposes of these regulations the term " telegram " means any despatch, message, or other communication conveyed, transmitted, or presented for transmission by the method commonly known as wireless telegraphy. 3. The Administrator may, in his absolute discretion, prohibit the transmission from Samoa, or the delivery in Samoa, of any telegram of any of the following classes : — (1) Any telegram expressed in code, unless such telegram is accompanied by a transcript thereof certified as correct to the satisfaction of the Administrator. (2) Any telegram which in the opinion of the Administrator contains matter of a treasonable, seditious, libellous, or grossly offensive character. (3) Any telegram which in the opinion of the Administrator is intended or is likely to instigate the commission of any criminal offence. (4) Any telegram which in the opinion of the Administrator is intended to or may cause any person in any way to prevent or hinder or attempt to prevent or hinder the due performance by the Government of New Zealand of its functions and duties in relation to Western Samoa, or is, in the opinion of the Administrator, in any way calculated to prevent or hinder the due administration of the Executive Government of the Territory. F. D. Thomson, Clerk of the Executive Council. THE NATIVE PERSONAL TAX ORDINANCE, 1927. Western Samoa.—No. 4, 1927. An Ordinance made by the Administrator of the Territory of Western Samoa, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council of that Territory, and in pursuance of the Samoa Act, 1921. Title. 1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Native Personal Tax Ordinance, 1927.
46
A.—4.
Definitions. 2. In this Ordinance— " Samoan " has the same meaning as in section three of the Samoa Act, 1921 : " Tax price for copra " means the price for copra as fixed for the time being under clause eight hereof : " Tax year " means the twelve months between and including the Ist day of April and the 31st day of March next following. Native personal tax to be payable annually. 3. There shall be levied, collected, and paid for the use of the Administration of Samoa an annual levy to be known as " Native personal tax." Amount and by whom payable. 4. For the tax year which commenced on the first day of April, nineteen hundred and twenty-seven, and for each subsequent year until other provision shall be made, Native personal tax shall be payable by the persons and at the rates following, namely : — (a) By every male Samoan resident in Western Samoa being of or over the age of seventeen years and being a matai, at the rate of forty shillings : (b) For every male Samoan resident in Western Samoa being of or over the age of seventeen years and being a taulealea, at the rate of thirty-six shillings. Tax to be a debt due to the Crown. 5. Any sum levied and payable as Native personal tax shall be a debt due to the Crown, and recoverable by the Treasurer of Western Samoa in his official name. Tax in lieu of former Native taxes ; taxes due prior to this Ordinance still enforceable. 6. Native personal tax as payable under this Ordinance is a consolidation of and shall be in lieu of the personal tax heretofore payable under the Taxation Licensing and Revenue Ordinance, 1921, and of the levy heretofore made under the Samoan Medical Levy Ordinance, 1923 : Provided that nothing in this Ordinance shall affect any liability which may have arisen under either of the said Ordinances before the coming into operation of this Ordinance. Date of payment of tax. 7. Native personal tax shall become due and payable each year on a date in that year to be notified by the Administrator by notice in the Western Samoa Gazette. Administrator to fix tax price for copra. 8. The Administrator shall in each year, before the date upon which the Native personal tax becomes due, fix a price for copra in each district of Western Samoa, not being less than the current price for the time being paid to Samoans by traders in such district. Assessment of amount of tax due by each village community. 9. (1) An officer authorized by the Administrator in that behalf shall in each tax year, by reference to the number of matai and taulelea in each village community in Samoa, assess the total sum payable as Native personal tax by each such community. Assessment of weight of copra which represents the amount of tax due by village community. (2) Such officer shall also in each year, by reference to the tax price of copra for that year in the district where each village community is situated, assess the weight of copra in pounds avoirdupois which represents the sum payable as Native personal tax by each such community. Publication of notices of assessment and terms of delivery. (3) Notice of the assessments made under the preceding subclauses shall be published each year in the Samoan language, in such manner as the Administrator shall direct, and not less than one month before the date notified in accordance with clause seven. (4) Such notice shall state, in respect of each village community, the time and place at which and the manner in which the assessed weight of copra is required to be delivered by such village community in the event of an election by such village community to pay tax in copra. Election to pay tax in copra. 10. (1) Any village community may, by agreement signed by the matai and taulelea of such community, elect to pay Native personal tax in copra. (2) If the Administrator is satisfied that such an agreement has been signed generally by the matai and taulelea of such village community he may direct that the Native personal tax payable by such community shall be paid in copra as assessed under subclause two of the preceding clause, and such tax shall accordingly be payable in copra, to be delivered at the time and place and in the manner stated in the notice given under subclause four of the preceding clause. Recovery of deficiency of tax when paid in copra. 11. In the event of there being a deficiency in the weight of copra delivered by a village community at the time and place and in the manner required, the value of such deficiency assessed by reference to the tax price of copra for the district in which such village community is situated shall, together with a surcharge of twenty per centum of such value, be payable by such community, and be a joint and several liability of all the matai and taulelea of such community. Surcharge on overdue tax. 12. If any Native personal tax not payable in copra shall remain unpaid for one calendar month after the due date the sum of eight shillings shall be added thereto by way of additional tax, and shall be recoverable accordingly with the original sum payable. Assented to this 30th day of September, 1927. [l.s.] Geo. S. Richardson, Administrator. THE TAXATION LICENSING AND REVENUE AMENDMENT ORDINANCE, 1927. Western Samoa.—No. 5, 1927. An Ordinance made by the Administrator of the Territory of Western Samoa, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council of that Territory, and in pursuance of the Samoa Act, 1921. Title. 1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Taxation Licensing and Revenue Amendment Ordinance, 1927, and shall be read together with and deemed part of the Taxation Licensing and Revenue Ordinance, 1921 (hereinafter referred to as the principal Ordinance).
47
A.—4
Port charges amendment. 2. The Seventh Schedule to the principal Ordinance is hereby amended — (a) By the insertion of the words " or part of a day " between the word " day " and " a vessel " in the first line of the said Schedule : (b) By deleting in the said Schedule the provision relating to quarantine fee. Amendment. 3. (1) Clause four, subclause two, of the Taxation Licensing and Revenue Amendment Ordinance, 1922, is hereby repealed, and the Second Schedule as set out in the Taxation Licensing and Revenue Amendment Ordinance, 1925, shall be deemed to have been substituted therefor as from the first day of April, nineteen hundred and twenty-five. (2) Clause one of the Taxation Licensing and Revenue Amendment Ordinance, 1925, is hereby amended by deleting the word " second " in the said clause. _ Wharfage. 4. (1) A wharfage charge of sixpence per ton, ship's measurement, shall as from the twenty-second day of August, nineteen hundred and twenty-seven, be and be deemed to have been payable upon all cargo passing inwards or outwards over any wharf in the Port of Apia. (2) Such warfage charge in the case of inwards cargo shall be payable by and recoverable from the consignee, and in the case of outwards cargo shall be payable by and recoverable from the consignor of such cargo. Assented to this 7th day of October, 1927. [l.s.] Geo S. Richardson, Administrator. THE MAINTENANCE OF AUTHORITY IN NATIVE AFFAIRS (NO. 2) ORDINANCE, 1928. Western Samoa.—No. 1, 1925. An Ordinance made by the Administrator of the Territory of Western Samoa, with the advice and consent of the Legislative Council of that Territory, and in pursuance of the Samoa Act, 1921. Title. 1. This Ordinance may be cited as the Maintenance of Authority in Native Affairs (No. 2) Ordinance, 1928. Administrator may declare area in Territory to be a disturbed area. 2. If and whenever the Administrator is satisfied that a state of civil commotion which threatens the public safety has arisen or is likely to arise in any area of the Territory he may by writing under his hand declare such area to be a disturbed area, and thereupon shall forthwith cause notice of such declaration and of the effect thereof according to this Ordinance to be published in that area in the Samoan language in such manner as he shall think sufficient. Provisions as to disturbed area. 3. Upon any area being declared as aforesaid to be a disturbed area the following provisions of this clause shall apply therein and thereto until such declaration is revoked by the Administrator. No fono or gathering of Samoans without consent of Police Officer. (а) No fono or formal gathering of Samoans and no ia'alolo or procession or concourse of Samoans shall take place or be held in any part of such area without the consent (the burden of proving which shall be upon the person alleging it) of the principal officer of police in the Territory. , No ~ malaga party to visit area. (б), No malaga or visiting party of Samoans shall enter or be present in such area, and if Samoans not usually resident in such area are found together entering or present to the number of four or more the burden of proving that such persons are not a malaga or visiting party and do not belong to a malaga or visiting party shall be upon the person alleging it. Samoans not to carry weapons in disturbed area. (c) No Samoan shall carry or have upon his person in such area, save for the purpose of a lawful occupation in which he is presently engaged, any gun, knife, stick, stone, or other thing which may conveniently be used as a weapon. Restrictions as to non-residents of disturbed area. (d) No Samoan not usually resident in such area shall without the consent of the principal officer of police in the Territory be present in such area for more than three hours in any period of twenty-four hours, unless for the purpose (the proof whereof shall be upon him) of attending a religious service or a gathering approved by the principal officer of police, or of visiting the sick. Penalty for breach of clause 3. 4. Any Samoan who takes part in or is present at or with any fono or formal gathering, ta'alolo or procession or concourse, which takes place or is held in breach of subclause (a) of the preceding clause, or who is a member of a malaga or visiting party acting in breach of subclause (b) of the said clause, and person who acts in breach of subclause (c) or subclause (d) of the said clause, is guilty of an offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year. Penalty for destroying notices. 5. Any person who without lawful authority (whereof the proof shall be upon him) defaces, obliterates, covers over, removes, or destroys any copy of a notice by or under the authority of the Administrator and affixed to any building or place is guilty of an offence, and liable to a fine not exceeding twenty pounds, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding three months. Penalty for wearing uniforms of political party hindering Government. 6. Any Samoan is guilty of an offence and liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months who wears or carries in any public place any distinctive uniform, dress, badge, or symbol indicative or commonly supposed to be indicative of the fact that such Samoan belongs to or holds office under any political party which is preventing or hindering the due administration of the executive government of the Territory.
48
A.—4.
Resisting police. 7. Any person who — (а) Resists, assaults, or wilfully obstructs, or incites or encourages any person to resist, assault, or obstruct, any constable in the execution of his duty, or any person acting in aid of any such constable ; or Threatening police. (б) By word or action threatens any constable with intent to intimidate him in the execution of his duty, is guilty of an offence, and liable to a fine of not exceeding one hundred pounds, or to imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year. Arrest without warrant. 8. (I) Any constable and all persons whom he may call to his assistance may arrest without warrant any person whom such constable has good cause to suspect of having committed a breach of the peace or any offence under the preceding clauses of this Ordinance. Failing to assist police when called on. (2) Any person who shall be called upon by a constable upon a reasonable necessity to assist— (a) In making an arrest under this clause ; or (b) In preventing a breach of the peace, and who shall fail without lawful excuse to so assist shall be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty pounds or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding three months. Collection of moneys forbidden. 9. Any person who— (a) Invites any Samoan to contribute any sum of money for any purpose relating to a Native movement or Native organization, not being of a religious or charitable nature or of a nature approved in writing by the Administrator ; (b) Receives or has in his possession or under his control any sum of money contributed for any such purpose as aforesaid, is guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding fifty pounds. 10. (1) The Administrator may require any person whom he has reason to believe to be or to have been in possession or control of moneys contributed by Samoans for any purpose relative to a Native movement or Native organization— Furnishing accounts of moneys collected. (a) To furnish to the Administrator, within such time as the Administrator shall allow, a full and true account, verified by the affidavit of such person, of all such moneys received or disbursed by such person up to date of such requirement, with, all such particulars and supporting vouchers as the Administrator may require and as may be available to such person. Penalty for failing to account. (2) Any person who, being required under the preceding clause to furnish and verify an account as aforesaid, fails to do so shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred pounds. Assented to this 21st day of February, 1928. [l.s.] Geo. S. Richardson, Administrator.
49
A.—4.
APPENDIX D. CHANNELS OF AUTHORITY IN NATIVE AFFAIRS.
50
A.—4.
Graph showing Native Copra Production.
(See page 12.)
B.—A. 4.
51
A.—4
OWNERSHIP OF LAND IN SAVAI'I.
(Total area, 450,000 acres.)
OWNERSHIP OF LAND IN UPOLU.
Total area, 275,000 acres.) 'See page 14.)
52
A.—4
53
A.—4.
CHART SHOWING EXPORT, IMPORT, AND TOTAL TRADE OF WESTERN SAMOA, 1910-1927 INCLUSIVE.
(Values shown are averages for each period.) (See page IH.)
Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing (500 copies, including illustrations and maps), £140..
Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l92B.
Price 38. 6d.}
54
9—A. 4.
A.—4.
European Section, Apia Hospital.
View of Portion of Samoan Section, Apia Hospital.
55
A.—4.
View showing Portion of Apia Beach-front Improvement.
New Customs Wharf, Apia, showing Copra Launches moored alongside.
56
A—4.
New Reinforced Concrete Customs Export-shed being erected by Public Works Department, with Local Labour.
Another View of New Customs Wharf, Apia.
57
A.—4.
Education Department Samoan Staff, 1927.
Education Department Samoan Staff, 1924.
58
A.—4,
Malifa School —Nine Pupils who gained New Zealand Proficiency Certificates.
Visit of Administrator to a Village—Assembled Pupils of Grade II Schools and Students of Methodist College, Piula.
59
A.—4.
Group of Girls from Samoan Village Schools, prior to Basketball Competitions, King's Birthday Sports, 1927.
60
A.—4,
March Past of "Fetu" on King's Birthday, 1927. (Apia Racecourse.)
61
A.—4.
Cotton Cultivation.
62
10—A. 4.
A.—4.
Cotton Cultivation.
63
MAP SHOWING ROADS AND NATIVE WATER-SUPPLY
A.—4,
WESTERN SAMOA
A.—4
WESTERN SAMOA
A.—4
PLAN OF UPOLU ISLAND, W. SAMOA.
A.—4.
POLITICAL MAP OF WESTERN SAMOA SHEWING DISTRICTS REPRESENTED IN THE NATIVE PARLIAMENT (FONO OF FAIPULES)
Permanent link to this item
https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/parliamentary/AJHR1928-I.2.1.2.5
Bibliographic details
MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (EIGHTH REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF) FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH, 1928. Prepared by Direction of the Minister of External Affairs for the Information of the League of Nations, pursuant to Article 6 of the Mandate., Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1928 Session I, A-04
Word Count
36,348MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (EIGHTH REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF) FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH, 1928. Prepared by Direction of the Minister of External Affairs for the Information of the League of Nations, pursuant to Article 6 of the Mandate. Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1928 Session I, A-04
Using This Item
No known copyright (New Zealand)
To the best of the National Library of New Zealand’s knowledge, under New Zealand law, there is no copyright in this item in New Zealand.
You can copy this item, share it, and post it on a blog or website. It can be modified, remixed and built upon. It can be used commercially. If reproducing this item, it is helpful to include the source.
For further information please refer to the Copyright guide.