MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (SEVENTH REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF) FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH, 1927. Prepared by Direction of the Minister of External Affairs for the Information of the League of Nations, pursuant to Article 6 of the Mandate.

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1927 Session I, A-04

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1927. NE W ZEALAN D.

MANDATED TERRITORY OF WESTERN SAMOA (SEVENTH REPORT OF THE GOVERNMENT OF NEW ZEALAND ON THE ADMINISTRATION OF) FOR THE YEAR ENDED THE 31st MARCH, 1927. Prepared by Direction of the Minister of External Affairs for the Information of the League of Nations, pursuant to Article 6 of the Mandate.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

Sir, — Prime Minister's Office, Wellington, N.Z., Bth June, 1927. I have the honour to forward herewith the Seventh Annual Report on the Mandated Territory of Western Samoa, for the year ended 31st March, 1927. This report has been prepared by His Excellency the Administrator of Western Samoa, and adopted by the New Zealand Government as its report for the purposes of Article 6 of the Mandate. I have further to transmit a Supplementary Report by the Department of Health covering the same period, which, for the purpose of convenience, has been printed separately. Copies of both reports have been forwarded direct to each member of the Permanent Mandates Commission, and one hundred additional copies have been despatched to you direct under separate cover. I have the honour to be, Sir, Your obedient servant, J. G. Coates, The Secretary-General, League of Nations, Geneva. Prime Minister.

CONTENTS. PAGE Administrator's Report .. .. .. .. • ■ • ■ 2 „ „ Appendix .. .. .. .. .. ..41 Departmental Reports .. .. .. • • ■ • • • 12 Questionnaire .. .. .. • • • • • • • • 44 PAGE PAGE Administration .. .. .. .. 11 Liberty of Conscience.. .. .. .. 46 Agriculture .. .. .. •. .. 6, 20 Marine .. .. .. .. .. 21 Alcoholic Liquor .. .. .. .. 45 Medical. (See Public Health.)* Arms Traffic.. .. .. .. .. 45 Military Organizations . . .. .. 46 Bananas . . . • . . • ■ • • 8 Moral, Social, and Material Welfare .. .. 47 Cacao .. .. •• •• 8, 20, 23 Native Affairs .. .. .. 3, 12 Chinese Labour. (See Labour.) Native Lands. (See Lands, Native.) Cotton .. .. .. 8, 20 Observatory.. .. .. .. .. 33 Copra .. .. •• •• 6, 20, 23 Official Visits .. .. .. .. 2 Customs .. .. .. •• •, 21 Police and Prisons .. .. .. .. 8, 25 Drug Traffic.. .. .. •• •• 45 Population. (See Statistics.)* Economic Equality .. .. .. - • 46 Post and Telegraph .. .. .. .. 27 Education .. .. .. .. 5, 16, 46 Public Health .. .. .. 4, 13, 47* European Community .. .. • • 11 Public Trust .. .. .. .. 39 Finance .. .. .. •• 35, 47 Public Works .. .. .. 11, 29 Food and Drugs .. .. . . • • 15 Quarantine .. .. .. . . 14* Harbour .. . . • • ■ • • • 23 Radio .. .. .. .. .. 39 Health Department. (See Public Health.)* Rubber .. .. . . .. 11, 20, 23 Infectious Diseases . . . • • • • • 14* Sanitation .. .. .. .. .. 15* Justice .. .. . • • • ■ • 19 Slavery .. .. .. .. .. 44 Labour .. .. .. •• 11. 25, 44 Staff .. .. .. .. 11, 39 Lands and Survey .. . . .. .. 29 Statistics—Demographic .. .. .. 47 Lands, European .. .. .. •• 10 "Vital .. .. .. .. 15* Lands, Native .. .. •• .. 6, 7 Trade .. .. .. .. .. 2, 21 Land-tenure.. .. .. .. •• 47 Illustrations. Legislation .. .. .. •• .. 8, 12 Map 3 (3). * See also Supplementary Report of the Department of Health, referred to above.

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ANNUAL REPORT BY THE ADMINISTRATOR FOR THE YEAR 1926-27. The following Annual Report on Western Samoa for tlie year 1926-27 is submitted in a similar form to the one for the previous year. It comprises (1) the Administrator's covering remarks, (2) departmental reports, and (3) answers to the League of Nations Questionnaire. 1. OFFICIAL VISITS. In May last Their Excellencies the Governor-General Sir Charles and Lady Alice Fergusson paid an official visit to the Territory and remained for eight days, during which time they visited nearly all the Native districts on the north coast of Upolu and two districts in Savai'i. The enthusiastic and ]arge assemblies of Natives, the spontaneous preparations and ceremonies made in their honour, together with the unanimous expressions of loyalty and satisfaction, were indications of the feelings of the Samoan people towards His Majesty the King and the Government which protects them. His Excellency the Governor-General also met the great majority of the European residents in Apia, whose sentiments of loyalty were appropriately expressed in their formal address presented to him. In February last three Native representatives travelled to New Zealand to participate, with Native chiefs of other sections of the Polynesian race under New Zealand control, in the reception ceremonies given to Their Royal Highnesses The Duke and Duchess of York. They were the guests of the New Zealand Government. These three Samoan chiefs were selected by the Fono of Faipules, and were requested to represent and speak on behalf of the whole Native race in Western Samoa. 11. TRADE. A reduction in the principal exports—copra and cacao—for the trade year January to December, 1926, was anticipated owing to the long drought, following a storm in January, 1926, both of which diminished the crops. The fall in the market price of copra during the latter months of the year also affected trade in two ways —viz., from the reduced values of exports and the consequent diminished production ; for when the price of copra is low the Natives hesitate to cut more than is necessary to provide for their immediate needs, and prefer to wait and anticipate an advance in price. The disadvantages under which the Natives labour in regard to marketing their copra are referred to on page 6. Imports exceeded exports by £4,157. This adverse balance was caused by the usual December export shipment of copra and cacao being delayed until early in January of this year otherwise there would have been a favourable trade balance, about equal to last year. The prospects for the ensuing year are particularly good, as the plantations nearly all show signs of fairly heavy crops. New areas of coconuts are coming into bearing. Cacao plantations have recovered from the blow of last year, and the trees are bearing well. All the rubber plantations excepting one owned by a private company are being developed. Larger areas of cotton are being put under cultivation, and extensive planting of bananas has been carried out in preparation for the proposed export of fruit to New Zealand, It is hopefully anticipated, therefore, that this will be $ record year for trade.

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III. NATIVE AFFAIRS. Channels of Authority in Native Affairs.

(a) Policy. Reference was made in the previous report (1925-26) to the Native political organization and channels of authority in Native administration. This system of administration is suited to the peculiar conditions of the Samoan social organization, while experience continues to show that the people co-operate with approve of it because they see its effectiveness in promoting their welfare and progress. When troubles which are likely to disturb the peace, order/ and good government of the Natives arise, the Administrator assembles a committee of Faipules to investigate and collect evidence and advise him. By this means the best possible advice on Native matters is obtained. The Faipules have themselves no judicial powers. The only Native opposition to this policy of control of the Native race through their chiefs—the Faipules and various Native committees —comes from a few who have been punished as a result of these investigations. They have received encouragement from a small number of Europeans in Apia, who in order to gain influence over the Natives have openly expressed their desire to see the system

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abolished, and all Native matters dealt with in a Council where the local mercantile community would have greater power and influence than the Natives themselves. The Native leaders are very appreciative of the existing organization, the working of which improves year by year, and enables the Samoans to control their own affairs through a system of committees in which nearly every chief and orator participates, and so prevents any one person exercising autocratic powers, while their decisions and suggestions, which are forwarded to the Administrator, keep the latter in the closest touch with the opinions and needs of the Natives and their progress in every district. A small local political agitation during the past year indicated that this territory is no exception to the general rule that progress and change in every country is marked by a certain amount of opposition, which in Samoa comes from those persons who oppose the Government in its policy for the development of the Native race. In October last, and just prior to the triennial political election, the three elected members who represent the 222 European electors on the roll of the Territory called a public meeting in Apia, and agents were sent around to Native villages calling upon Natives to come to Apia to co-operate with Europeans for the purpose of agitating for the revision of certain laws, including the law restricting the use of intoxicating liquor, and certain Native regulations concerning some Samoan customs which the Samoan Faipules had themselves suggested and approved after discussion with their own people, and under which a few Samoans had been penalized. Some of the latter were amongst those who gave their support to this movement to undermine that Native authority which it is so vitally important to maintain in the interests of peace, order, and good government of the Natives. Such action might be appreciated if the Natives were being oppressed or had no voice in or powers of dealing with their own affairs, or if the European residents sincerely desired to co-operate with the Administration in its efforts to inspire the Natives to work for their own material, physical, and moral welfare. But this movement did not appear to be actuated by any such motives, for while on the one hand the European committee criticized the policy of punishing chiefs for certain Samoan offences, on the other hand objection was made to what was considered to be excessive expenditure incurred on behalf of the Natives in matters of health, education, &c. As to complaints about Native matters made by these Europeans, it is true that some chiefs, who have been punished by deprivation of their titles for various offences, resent their punishment. The leader of those Natives who were induced to ■co-operate with the elected members in their political agitation is one of the very few " Europeanized " Samoans in the Territory and one who had been so punished after being found guilty by the High Court of theft from Natives of a large sum of money, and also for attempting to degrade some of his own race by manufacturing intoxicating liquor and selling it to them. None of the high chiefs or political leaders of the Natives took part in this agitation. On the contrary, they strongly opposed it, and requested me that Natives should be prohibited from attending the first public meeting called by the elected members. Two public meetings were held, at the first of which the three elected members and four other Europeans were formed into a committee, together with a few Natives who were neither appointed nor authorized by their villages or districts to speak on their behalf. This committee sent circulars around the Territory referring to the " cruel laws of the Government," and calling for subscriptions to defray the expenses of a deputation to be sent to New Zealand to interview the Minister. The Samoan members of this committee were very keen to have such a trip. How the Native mind was manipulated can be gathered from the statement of one of the Natives who had been appointed to this committee. On being asked why he was taking part in the movement he informed the Administrator that " I did not understand the matters the Europeans put before us at the meeting, nor do the Samoan people understand, but the words of the Europeans were sweet, and I thought it was all right to do as they wished. We are loyal to the Government, which we know is doing many things for our good." As the Administration had every confidence in the Natives, and believed them to be able to analyse this movement for themselves, no steps were taken to stop it beyond warning the citizens of Apia of the dangers underlying their action. This warning was based upon the past history of Samoa, which contains several examples of serious consequences arising out of European residents interfering in Native affairs and influencing Natives in political matters. In order that this agitation may be considered in all its aspects the following documents are printed as an appendix, viz. (see page 41): — (1) The Administrator's warning to citizens : (2) Report of the " European committee " for presentation to the New Zealand Government on matters concerning Native affairs ; and (3) Statement by the Fono of Faipule composed of representatives from every district. The statement was made after the Faipules had interviewed those Natives who had associated themselves with the elected members and other European members of the committee organized to work up this agitation. (6) Health of the Natives. The general policy in regard to sanitary measures and medical treatment for the Natives as mentioned in previous reports is being continued with good results. The child-welfare work has been extended to every village, and has attracted the interest and sympathy of the New Zealand Red Cross and St. John Ambulance Association in the Dominion, who have given their practical support by contributing supplies of glaxo (dried milk) to be used under the control of the Native nurses and Native women's committees for invalids and sick babies. The kind action of these philanthropic bodies is highly appreciated by the Natives, and will probably be the means of saving many lives. During the year under review there have been two epidemics—viz., dysentery, followed by a wave of mild influenza, which latter spread over most of the islands of the South Pacific. Measles also broke out in one village, but was prevented from spreading owing to the Natives co-operating with the medical authorities and agreeing to the complete isolation of the affected area.

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Chart showing Progressive System of Education now established which enables Native Boys to qualify to take their Part in the Administration of this Territory.

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It is interesting to note that the dysentery epidemic did not spread to every district as in former years, but was kept under control largely through the efforts of the Natives themselves, who as a result of the education they have received from the Health Department can now be more relied upon to take preventive sanitary measures. The policy of the Government to establish trained medical personnel and dispensaries in every district in order that medical attention may be within easy reach of all the natives is being gradually given effect to—vide map No. 2, which shows the present location of institutions in out-districts in addition to the one main hospital at Apia —viz., two district hospitals, one Native medical practitioner, two mission-station dispensaries, twelve dispensaries with small hospitals. It is intended to .still further increase the number of dispensaries and Native medical staff in out-districts during the coming year. The work of the Health Department can be best judged from the details published (separately) in the Health Report for the past year ; but the following figures show at a glance the steady progress being made by the Samoan race in this Territory as a result of their improvement in health : Natural increase in Native population —1924 —1,123 ; 1925 —1,176 ; 1926 —1,242. The total Native population at the end of the calendar year was 38,003. (c) Education. The system of education for the Natives outlined in previous reports has now been organized and is working very satisfactorily. A number of applications to establish more district schools have been received from the Natives, but these can only be met as fast as trained Native teachers become available. Particularly good

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work is being done in the training of Samoan teachers, who are proving a great success, and by means of periodica] attendance at the training-school for refresher courses and supervision by travelling Inspectors are being kept up to a relatively high standard of efficiency. All pupils qualifying for teachers are in future to undergo a practical and theoretical course in agriculture, as well as a course of vocational training in the Apia Technical School. By this means the spread of knowledge of practical use to Native life will be gradually disseminated throughout the islands. Two pupils have been selected for higher education in New Zealand during the present year, and two Native teachers have been detailed to proceed to the Dominion to visit Native and technical schools for the purpose of broadening their outlook and acquiring knowledge of teaching methods in New Zealand schools. The affiliation of certain Native schools in this Territory with schools in New Zealand has created great interest among the pupils of the schools concerned. The approximate expenditure on education for the year under review was £9,700, and the proposed expenditure for 1927-28 is £10,250. It would not be possible to carry out the education of the 2,417 pupils attending the Government and Government assisted schools for this sum but for the fact that the Native District Councils provide the grounds, plantations, and fales for schools free of charge. (d) Cultivation of Native Lands. Copra. —The efforts that are being made to awaken the Natives to a keener interest in agriculture and improved methods of cultivation and production include— (a) Instruction in schools : (b) Articles on agricultural subjects published in school journals and in the Native newspaper : (c) Inspection of plantations by the Director of Agriculture and the four European Inspectors as well as by the seventeen Native Inspectors: (d) Regulations governing cultivation, cleaning of plantations, and products for export.

Graph showing Native Copra Production.

These and other means of impressing the Natives with the importance of better and more extensive cultivation of their lands, and so making provision for their increasing needs and for a rapidly increasing population, are gradually taking root in the Native mind. New areas are being brought under cultivation every year, and coconut plantations alone have been increased by 6,000 acres during the past three years, and are being further increased in accordance with the policy to provide for a minimum of 2 acres per head of population. Economic pressure is, however, beginning to play its part in educating the Natives to greater efforts, for the problems arising out of the increased cost of living are not confined to advanced communities, but permeate Native life in this Territory and cause the Natives to appeal to the Administration to do what is impossible—viz., to reduce the price of goods they purchase from traders' stores and to compel the merchants to pay them a higher price for their copra. This request is but natural, for, while the Natives, as purchasers, have to pay the increased post-war prices for their goods, as producers they only receive for their copra the same or little more than pre-war prices. For several months during the past year the price paid to the Natives in many part of Samoa for copra was about £10 per ton, while at the same time higher prices were being paid for Native copra of no better quality in Fiji, Tonga, and other South Sea islands.

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Ownership of Land in Savai'i.

Cultivatable land available for Natives, 50 per cent, of 394,870, or approximately 200,000 acres—i.e., 16 acres per head of population. 60 acres per man and youth over 17 years of age. Total area of Savai'i, 450,000 acres.

Ownership of Land in Upolu.

Cultivatable land available for Natives, 80 per cent, of 186,500, or approximately 151,200 acres—i.e., 6-3 acres per head of population. 24 acres per man and youth over 17 years of age. Total area of Upolu, 275,000 acres.

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ESorts have been made for some time past to improve the quality of Native copra, but these efforts have been only partially successful owing to the fact that the same price is paid by traders for inferior as for superior copra. This results in dissatisfaction with the copra laws, which appear to the Natives to be irritating, to sometimes involve them in heavy money fines, and yet to never bring them any material benefit for their extra efforts in producing high-grade copra. For the above reasons the Natives have repeated their urgent requests to the Administration to assist them by shipping their copra to oversea markets. In response to these requests arrangements are being made by the Administration to make trial shipments this year, subject to the condition that only the best white and thoroughly dried copra shall be received. Tt is hoped that this will be the means of inducing the Natives to produce a copra of superior quality, for which they should receive a correspondingly better price. The total amount of copra produced by the Natives last year was 9,459 tons, or 1,812 tons less than the previous year. This reduction is chiefly due to smaller crops resulting from damage to a few plantations by the gale early in the year, and also to the drop in price paid to the Natives for copra. Cacao. —Very little cacao is produced by the Natives, but steps are being taken to encourage villages to make new plantations. Instructions are also given to Natives by the Inspectors in the pruning of cacao-trees and cultivation and production of cacao. Bananas.—ln view of the New Zealand Government having decided to build a ship for the New Zealand - Samoan fruit trade, and so afford the Natives an opportunity to help themselves by exporting bananas and other fruits, large areas have been planted in readiness to provide regular shipments, commencing, it was hoped, towards the end of this year. Latest advices indicate, however, that owing to delays in construction caused by the coal strike in Great Britain the new service cannot now be inaugurated before the beginning of 1928. Cotton. —Although the quantity of cotton produced during the year was treble that for the preceding year, it is still only a small amount—viz., 3 tons. Most of it is grown by the Natives, who are very slowly realizing the benefits to be derived by cultivating an area within easy reach of their villages, where the women and children can be employed to'cultivate and pick the cotton, and so supplement their revenue from other sources. To assist the Natives to build up a cotton-growing industry the Administration is for the present paying growers 6d. per pound for unseeded cotton. The progress that has been made during the past year in Native cultivations will be seen from the diagrams on page 7. The survey of village lands is being gradually carried out, but it is a comparatively big task and will take years to complete. Meanwhile the Natives in a number of districts, realizing the benefits of increased production, are dividing up uncultivated land without waiting for survey, and are allocating sections of from 5 to 10 acres to each young man without land of his own. (e) Native Prison Training-farm. In April last the Native prison in Apia was closed, and the prisoners transferred to the Tuvao Prison Training-farm, situated inland about eighteen miles from Apia, where prisoners are now all employed in developing land and learning modern methods of agriculture, which should be of benefit to them when they return to their villages. The scheme is proving a great success, and in the very near future will be more than self-supporting. (/) Native Legislation. The Faipules assembled with the Administrator on two occasions during the year —viz., in May and December —and discussed matters for the welfare of the Natives of Samoa as a whole. The following were the principal matters discussed : — First Meeting (May). Encouragement to Samoans to open post-office savings accounts. The number of these accounts to-day is 799, as compared with 89 four years ago. Government assistance for purchasing barbed wire to fence in Native lands for cattle. Increased efforts to be made to induce Natives to improve and enlarge -their plantations. Matais (heads of families) to divide up their uncultivated lands in 5-acre blocks pending completion of surveys by the Government. Wills : Samoans to be empowered to bequeath their cultivated areas of land to their next-of-kin, or near relatives, in lieu of the present system, which provides for the clan or whole of the members of the family selecting a successor to the deceased head of the family, who thereby acquires the control of all family land. Titles, or the name given to the head of a family, which automatically carry the power and control of the family and its lands, to be inherited, or power given to holders to bequeath their titles. The Faipules, while proposing this change on behalf of Matais in their districts, felt that it would seriously disturb the existing social custom of Samoans, and should therefore be further discussed by them with their people. This matter was brought up again at the December Fono, but no agreement could be arrived at. Requests to the Government to help them to get a better price for their copra. Native regulations were approved for controlling boxing contests ; settling religious disputes ; conservation of water-supplies, &c.

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Second Meeting (December). It was decided to consolidate the present poll-tax and medical levy into one personal tax of £1 16s. per year, and so make the Native tax about equal to that in Tonga and American Samoa. Matais (heads of families), £2. It was also decided to set apart one day per year as a children's tree-planting day. Roads, bridges, pipe - line water - supplies, and cement cisterns for a number of* districts were approved, and Natives agreed to assist the Government in carrying out the work. The law making certain traders' debts not recoverable from Natives was submitted to the Faipules, with a view to its revision by fixing a sum of approximately £1 for which action might be taken to recover. The Fono decided the existing law should not be altered. The law prohibiting Natives from wasting their time making malagas in large parties around the islands for the purpose of attending fine-mat ceremonies was reconsidered. This law was passed by the Fono three years ago on the understanding that it should be tried for three years and rediscussed at the end of that time. Its initial object was to put a stop to a custom which resulted in neglect of plantations and impoverishing villages visited by large parties from other districts. Every district representative approved of this law being made permanent. It was realized that, while objections would be raised by some Natives who by virtue of their position benefit by the receipt of presents of fine mats under the old custom, in the interests of Samoa as a whole the existing law was a good one. Protests were made by the Fono against certain Europeans in Apia interfering in this and other Native matters which they did not understand, as such interference was likely to create wrong impressions on the part of the Natives and lead to trouble. As the Europeans in Apia who organized the recent agitation included in their propaganda a protest against the punishment of chiefs by removing their titles and authority in cases where they commit offences calculated to disturb the peace, order, and good government of the Natives, the law on this subject was submitted to the Faipules for their views. This law was first introduced in the early days of the former German regime, twenty-six years ago, in order to put a stop to the harsh methods of punishment exercised by the Samoans themselves. The Fono agreed that it would be impossible to maintain peace and good government without this law, and that it was now administered with greater leniency than formerly. Owing to a number of applications being made to the Administrator by families to remove their Matai (head of family), the following rule has been adopted for the past two years on the advice of the Faipules. This rule works satisfactorily, viz. : "No head of family shall be deprived of his title except for misconduct, while the Administrator will in all cases consult the Samoans themselves through a special committee of chiefs and obtain their advice." Complaints were made from a number of districts against the administration of the copra laws, which involved Samoans in heavy fines and brought them no recompense for their efforts in making good copra, as the Native who made indifferent copra received the same price as the one who took great care and produced a high-grade white copra. Appeals were made to the Administrator to raise the price of copra to the price the Natives receive in American Samoa and other islands, and also to abolish the fines for making inferior copra until a better price for superior copra was obtained. They again urged their oft-repeated request for the Government to purchase or export their copra. The Fono was informed that the matter was one for the Natives themselves to adjust. As producers they were in the same position as European planters, and were perfectly free to market their own products when and where they choose. Faipules were informed that the Administration wished to help not only European planters bur Natives in every possible way to improve the quality and get the highest possible price for their products, and that the Administration was prepared to help the Natives to export their copra, but would only do so in the case of thoroughly dried white copra of superior quality, which all could make if they carried out the instructions that had been issued for their guidance. Copra of this quality would command a higher price and build up a reputation for Samoan copra. It would also increase the purchasing-power of the Natives, and improve trade by the circulation of may thousands of pounds now lost to the territory. The Faipules agreed to do their utmost to get their people to make a high-grade copra. In view of the suggestion made during the recent European agitation that the Faipules are not representative of the Native race, the following information may be of interest :■ — In 1905 the Fono of Faipule was first established on the authority of the then German Governor, and twenty-seven were chosen by him as follows : To represent various sections of the—Tuamasaga district, 4 ; Atua district, 3 ; Aana district, 3 ; Vaa o Fonoti district, 1 ; Manono district, 1 ; Falealili district, 1 ; Faasaleleaga district, 3 ; Saleaula district, 2 ; Safotu district, 2 ; Palauli district, 2 ; Satupaitea district, 2 ; Yaisigano district, 1 ; Falealupo district, 1 ; Nuu e tolu district, 1. Individual chiefs were selected by the Governor, a condition of appointment being that the office was permanent so long as a Faipule carried out his duties satisfactorily. One of those then appointed still holds office —viz., Toelupe. These Faipules met twice a year, as at present, and conferred with the Governor. In their districts they were the political " headmen," and voiced the views of the Government to their people. This system of representation is still maintained, and, under the authority granted by the New Zealand Parliament, " The Administrator may from time to time, by warrant under his hand, appoint such numbers of Samoans as he thinks fit to be Faipules. No person shall be appointed as a Faipule who is not qualified in accordance with existing Samoan usage and custom to occupy the position of Faipule in any Council or body having advisory function."

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The present condition of European land is as shown by the diagrams which follow : —

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The method of appointing a Faipule is now as follows : When a vacancy occurs the Administrator requests the Ali'i and Faipule (chiefs and Tulafales) of the district concerned to submit the name of the chief they wish to nominate. These chiefs hold fonos and discuss the matter, and very often take a long time to come to a decision. By this means the wishes of the people are considered as fully as possible, and the Faipule is truly representative of all his people and has the authority to speak on their behalf. In the event of these chiefs failing to reach unanimity in their selection of a nominee, they submit two or more names to the Administrator, who appoints one of them as Faipule. Up to the present the chiefs of each district have always agreed on their nominee, so that it has not been necessary for the Administrator to decide as between two or more names. IV. EUROPEAN LANDS. (See diagram, page 10.) Development during the year has been limited to the cleaning of 800 acres of bush land for planting coconuts, and the bringing into use of the abandoned rubber plantations. A few applications have been received from local private planters to lease additional areas of bush land for further development. V. RUBBER. All but one of the rubber plantations are now being worked. The amount of rubber produced last year was 41 tons, and it is estimated that over 150 tons will be produced during the present year. Only Chinese labour is employed on these plantations, with the exception of 100 acres of rubbertrees which have been set apart by the Administration and leased for a nominal rental to a Samoan chief, with a view to giving an opportunity to Samoan Natives to learn the cultivation and production of rubber. VI. CHINESE LABOUR. The total number of Chinese labourers in the Territory at the present time is 946, in addition to which there are 155 Melanesian labourers from the Solomon Islands, who were in the country prior to British occupation and who do not wish to be repatriated. During the past year 112 labourers have been repatriated and 180 new coolies imported from Hong Kong. The additional number of Chinese were required for work on rubber plantations, for which Samoan labourers were tried but proved unreliable. The Chinese labourers have, as a body, maintained their reputation for good behaviour and reliability as plantation workers, and they appear to be thoroughly satisfied with their conditions of pay and labour. On the other hand, the European Planters Association, which does not include all the Planters of this Territory, have complained of the heavy cost of labour, and have urged the Government to endeavour to import cheaper labour. The Administration is unable to support the contention that the plantations cannot be made to pay at the present costs of labour, for a number of private planters are able to succeed under existing conditions, while experiences on the New Zealand Government plantations, which are practically all making profits, go to prove that the successful running of plantations depends more upon skilful organization and proper supervision of contented labourers than upon a plentiful supply of so-called cheap labour. The present wage of 3s. per diem for Chinese coolies is a reasonable wage for a daily task, and cannot in fairness to the labourers be reduced. VII. PUBLIC WORKS. The programme of public works for last year was not quite completed, but other works were carried out —viz., the building of a technical school and engineering workshop in Apia. The following programme has been authorized to be carried out as far as possible within the next financial year, viz. :— Water-supplies for Native villages : Complete the requirements for concrete cisterns in Savaii and Manono ; pipe-lined supplies in five districts—viz., Lealatele, Falelatai, Salailua, Mulifanua, and Vailele. Buildings : New maternity ward at Apia Hospital ; new export shed at the Apia Wharf. Roads and bridges : Extension and improvements of roads at Safata, Mulifanua, and to the wireless station, and a few small bridges ; new hydro-electric installation for Apia, referred to in last year's report. New telephone system for Apia and suburbs. VIII. EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. Legislative Council: The triennial election for three members to represent the interests of the Europeans in the local Legislative Council was held in November last, and resulted in the return of the former members. Taxation : Direct taxation from European sources supplies only 6-8 per cent, of the total revenue. Details are shown in the estimates under " Revenue," heads II and 111, and in the Taxation, Licensing, and Revenue Ordinance, 1921, and its amendments. European boys : In order to help the comparatively large number of European boys of mixed descent who are being educated in the schools of Apia, and for whom there are not only very limited opportunities for local employment, but practically no facilities for training to qualify as skilled tradesmen, the New Zealand Government authorized the building of a well-equipped technical school, which was completed in December last. The instructional staff is composed of qualified officials of the Administration, who give their services gratuitously. This institution should be the means of helping these boys to learn trades and so fit them to obtain employment in New Zealand or elsewhere. IX. ADMINISTRATION OFFICIALS. Efficient service has been rendered by the staffs of all Departments during the past year. A good proportion of the officials have been in the Samoan service for some years, and have increased their efficiency through knowledge of local conditions. Locally born youths are appointed to the service whenever nossible.

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X. LEGISLATION. The following legislation concerning the Territory was passed during the year ended 31st March, 1927 :— In New Zealand— The Samoa Amendment Act, 1926 ; The Samoa Legislative Council (Elective Membership) Amendment Order, 1926 ; The New Zealand Reparations Estates Service Order, 1926 ; The New Zealand Reparations Estates Amendment Order, 1926 (No. 2); The New Zealand Reparations Estates Service Amendment Order, 1926; The New Zealand Reparations Estates Amendment Order, 1926 (No. 3); The Samoa Land Registration Amendment Order, 1927 ; The Samoa Customs Consolidation Amendment Order, 1927. In Samoa— No. 1/1926, the Land for Vaimoso Village Purposes Ordinance, 1926 ; No. 2/1926, the Noxious Weeds Ordinance, 1926 ; No. 1/1927, the Native Market Ordinance, 1927 ; No. 2/1927, the Maintenance of Authority in Native Affairs Ordinance, 1927 ; No. 3/1927, the Melanesian Labourers Ordinance, 1927. Copies of the several Orders and Ordinances have been forwarded to the Secretary-General of the League of Nations and to each member of the Permanent Mandates Commission.

DEPARTMENTAL REPORTS. NATIVE AFFAIRS. The establishment of local Councils in Native districts has shown itself to be a splendid institution in Native development. All Councils are working efficiently. The Fono of Faipule (Native Parliament) held two sessions during the year. Amongst important legislation agreed upon were—(a) Measures for agricultural development, especially regarding the commencement of banana export industry ; (b) plans for perfecting copra for export; (c) tax-collection, grouping medical and other taxes. The assemblies expressed the gratitude of Samoa to the Administration for benefits to their race rendered especially by Medical, Education, Public Works, Wireless, and Agricultural Departments. A party of three members of the Faipule Fono travelled to New Zealand to present to Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of York greetings from Samoa—a journey fraught with great value from the point of view of broadening the outlook of the Samoan mind. The heavy work in the Native Court under this Department, with the phenomenal number of over one thousand cases for the year, indicates not increased Native crime but increased efficiency of Native officials and the system generally. A change has occurred during the year in the status of the Komisi (Land Commissioners). Much of the work previously performed by these officials is now dealt with by District Councils, and the effect of this is that the Lands and Titles Commission, the chief Court the Native has for the settling of cases .of land rights and title rights, meets very occasionally, and only to decide the very important or difficult cases. No session of the Lands and Titles Commission has been held during the year. The increased activities of the Department during the year are evidence of the importance of the Native Department as the link between the Native population and the various Departments of the Administration, and the fact that all undertakings have been carried out effectively shows that the Department retains the confidence of the Samoan people.

Number of Samoan Officials in the Service as on 31st March, 1927 (Native Department).

As a result of a decision made at the December Fono of Faipule a Native will now pay in direct taxes only £2 if he .is a Matai, or £1 16s. if he is a Taulealea, these being practically the amounts paid by the Natives of American Samoa and of Tonga —in the latter case under a Native Government. As to the earnings of the average Native, a great deal of investigation would be necessary to arrive at a correct figure, and it does not appear necessary to guess at the amount. It might be said, however, that during 1925 the Natives produced 11,000 tons of copra, for which they received on an average not less than £12 per ton, making £132,000 altogether. In addition, salaries and wages to Natives paid by the Administration and New Zealand Reparation Estates Department equalled not

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Rank. | Upolu. Savai'i. Total. Fautua (Native advisers) .. .. .. 2 .. 2 Faipule (members of Fono of Faipules) .. 18 13 31 Pulefaatoaga (Plantation Inspectors) .. . . 9 7 16 Faamasino (District Judges).. .. .. 15 13 28 Pulenu'u (Village Rulers) .. .. .. 93 57 150 Failautusi (clerks) .. .. .. .. 17 13 30 Leoleo (policemen) .. . . . . .. 33 20 53 Totals .. .. .. 187 123 310

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less than £50,000, making a total of £162,000. They must have received considerable sums from outside employment and by sale of fish, plantation produce, Native handwork, &c. Page 35 of last year's report shows that the Natives paid in direct taxes under all heads some £21,500 only. As to the cost of living of the average Native, it might be said that, outside Apia and its environs, this need not necessarily be anything at all beyond the cost of a lavalava or two and contributions to the missions. It might be borne in mind also that of the total Native population of some 38,000 about 13,000 odd are attending school, whilst 16 per cent, of the total population are under four years of age. HEALTH DEPARTMENT. In the special Medical Report on the Territory, which has been published as a separate document, will be found recorded in detail the work and activities of the Health Department during the year, but the following particulars will give an outline of what was accomplished. Public Health. The outstanding features in regard to the health of the community during the year were an outbreak of dysentery, due to the B. dysenterial Shiga, in the early months of the year, and an influenza epidemic which spread rapidly throughout the Territory during August and September. In spite of the presence of the two diseases just mentioned, 4;he death-rate for the year was the lowest, and the natural increase the greatest, on record. The ordinary routine work of the Department was interfered with to a considerable extent by these outbreaks, and also by changes in the staff. During the year seven nevv out-stations, with Native nurses in charge, were opened. The provisions now made for medical assistance to Natives are as set out below. All Natives receive free medical attention and treatment. The points at which such treatment is available are shown on map No. 2 accompanying this and also the separate Medical Report. At the census of Ist January, 1926, the Native population of Western Samoa was 36,688, of which 24,052 were resident in Upolu and 12,636 in Savai'i. The distribution of this population, on which partly depends our arrangements for medical assistance, is very unequal. The topography of the country is another factor which has an inevitable effect on such In the following account of the provision for medical assistance which has been made to date the references to districts refer to the numbers shown in the map accompanying this and the Medical Report : — Upolu — Area. Population. Districts included. (a) Apia Hospital area .. . . . . . . .. 15,807 1, 2, 3, 4, and western portion of 10. (b) Aleipata Hospital area .. .. .. .. 4,855 6,7,8. (c) Lefaga-Safata area .. .. .. .. .. 2,628 9 and eastern portion of 10. (d) Fagaloa Bay . . . . .. .. . . 762 5. Savai'i— (e) Tuasivi Hospital area .. .. .. .. 5,681 1, 2, 7a, 6b. (/) Safotu Hospital area .. .. .. .. 3,439 3a, 3b, 4. (g) Salailua-Asau area . . .. .. .. 3,516 sa, b, o, 6a, 7b. (a) Apia Hospital Area.—The whole of this area is within easy reach of Apia by motor-car, and therefore the 15,807 Natives living in this area have the Apia Hospital within reasonable distance to them. This hospital is now well equipped to deal with any conditions likely to present themselves. It is adequately staffed, not only for the treatment of the sick but for the training of Native girls as nurses to stafi the dispensaries in various out-districts. A number of Native boys are also under training as medical cadets, and, under arrangement with the Government of Fiji, the most suitable of these are sent there to undergo a course of training in their Native Medical School. The hospital is now electrically lighted, and this year an X-ray plant presented by the New Zealand Government has been installed. The bacteriological laboratory is the largest and best equipped in the South Pacific islands. There are also four dispensaries in this area, in charge of Native nurses —at the Methodist Mission at Lufilufi, at the London Missionary Society's headquarters at Malua, at Mulifanua, and at Fasitootai. (b) Aleipata Hospital Area. —The district hospital at Lalomanu, in the Aleipata district, was opened in April, 1924. It is in charge of a European Medical Officer, who has a staff consisting of an interpreter-dresser and two trained Native nurses. There is also a dispensary in charge of a Native nurse at Satalo, an outlying district in this area. Horses are kept at the hospital, to enable the Medical Officer to cover his district at frequent intervals. (c) Lefaga-Safata Area.-—This area is served by two dispensaries in charge of Native nurses— one in Safata and one in Lefaga. (d) Fagaloa Bay. —This small area, with a population of 762, is isolated from the surrounding districts by high hills, and communication with the outside world is by means of boats or over very rough and steep tracks. During the year a Native nurse has been stationed here, with a small dispensary. (e) Tuasivi Hospital Area.—The district hospital at Tuasivi, built in 1921, was the first outstation to be opened in Western Samoa. It is staffed in the same manner as the Aleipata Hospital. The area contains 45 per cent, of the population of Savai'i, and, although such areas appear large, communication with all parts is easy. A Native nurse is stationed at the Methodist Mission at Satupaitea.

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(/) Safotu Hospital Area— This area is comparatively a small one, bounded oil either side by lava-fields. It is in charge of a Native medical practitioner, who is assisted by a trained Native nurse. (g) Salailua-Asan Area.—This is the most difficult area in Western Samoa to deal with. The population is scattered in small communities along a rocky coast-line with very few landing-places. Water - supplies and sanitation are both problems not easy of solution. For the past few years a nurse has been stationed at Salailua, the most thickly-populated area, and this year stations in charge of nurses have been opened at Samataitai and Sataua. The opening of dispensaries in the out-districts depends on our supply of trained Native nurses. Each year sees a further advance, and during the past year we were able to open six—at Fagaloa, Poutasi, Lefaga, Samataitai, Sataua, and Fasitootai—and in addition to station a Native nurse, trained in child-welfare work, at Fagamalo, Savai'i. Infectious Diseases. The return given below does not include all cases of infectious diseases occurring in the Territory, but only those which have been reported from Apia Hospital: Dysentery (shiga), 167 ; dysentery, (amoebic), 1 ; pneumonia, 53 ; enteric fever, 21 ; leprosy, 5 ; pulmonary tuberculosis, 12 ; tubercular peritonitis, 2 ; tubercular meningitis, 1 ; gonorrhoea, 14; ophthalmia neonatorum, 1 ; beriberi, 2 ; tetanus, 3 ; puerperal saprsemia, 1 ; mumps, 1. (a) Dysentery. —In February, 1926, an outbreak of dysentery (shiga) occurred in two villages in Savai'i, with a few cases in several other villages. Fortunately the steps taken to prevent it becoming epidemic were successful, but it was not until June that the outbreak sub,sided. Dysentery is endemic in Western Samoa, and has been so for over a century. At intervals of several years it has become epidemic, and has probably been one of the chief factors in the very slow increase in population. The last epidemic was in 1923, when it caused the death-rate to rise to 41-5 per thousand of mean population, as compared with a death-rate of 27 per thousand the previous year. The increased sanitation and cleanliness of the villages, the opening of dispensaries in the outlying districts, and the education of the Natives, all undoubtedly played their part in preventing" the outbreak during 1926 from becoming epidemic. (b) Influenza. —During August influenza of a mild but highly infectious type appeared in one of the villages on the outskirts of Apia and rapidly spread throughout the Territory. Fortunately, information regarding the disease and advice as to treatment were circulated in advance of the epidemic in the more outlying districts. Of the twenty-five deaths which were returned as due to influenza, all but a few were of old people, the few being young adults who neglected to carry out instructions as to remaining in bed. This epidemic gave us a very satisfactory demonstration of the value of the women's committees in the villages. These committees were formed two years ago in connection with our child-welfare work, and during the epidemic they worked splendidly in caring for and treating the sick. (c) Measles.—The last epidemic of this disease occurred in 1921. Since then sporadic cases have been seen from time to time, and during the year an outbreak occurred in a village several miles from Apia, but isolation of cases and of the village prevented its spreading to other areas. (d) Hookworm. —During the year only 2,580 treatments for hookworm were given. The interference with ordinary routine work caused by the epidemics already mentioned and by changes in staff, coupled with a very wet summer, are the factors causing the drop in numbers. Attempts to obtain supplies of hookworms during the year showed that even where they were present in patients they were very few in numbers. (e) Yaws (Frambcesia tropica). —The systematic treatment of yaws throughout the Territory was commenced in April, 1923. Since that date 75,581 injections of Novarsenobillon have been given. Three injections are given to each case (at intervals of a week), and thus over 25,000 cases have been treated in the four years. The number of injections each year has been : 1923—32,366 ; 1924 —21,222 ; 1925 —12,012 ; 1926 —9,981. The improvement in regard to the disease is really more marked than the figures indicate. To-day the majority of cases coming forward for treatment are cases of tertiary manifestations, the primary and early secondary cases being a very small minority of the total treated. Thus in one isolated district in Savai'i, with a population of 3,500, there were only three cases showing primary lesions, and fifteen showing early secondary lesions, in a total of 236 cases treated. Four years ago in this area the number of cases treated was 1,900. Before systematic treatment was commenced, practically every child contracted yaws before reaching the age of two years. Of the six thousand children under the age of four years in the Territory at the present time, very few have had to be treated for this condition. Tertiary cases we will have with us for a generation, but primary and secondary cases will rapidly become less and less and, we hope, will shortly disappear. (/) Leprosy. —During the year no lepers were transferred to the Leper Asylum, Makogai, Fiji, but early in April seven will be transferred, making the total number of lepers from Samoa twentyeight. The total comprises—Samoans, nine males and six females ; Chinese, three males ; halfcaste Europeans, three males and three females; Solomon-Islanders, three males; and CookIslanders, one male. Quarantine. During the year eighty-eight vessels arrived from overseas. It was not found necessary to withhold pratique on any occasion.

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Every week a wireless message from New Zealand gives us information as to the epidemic diseases present in that country, and also any information of value to us regarding other parts of the Pacific. The fortnightly cables regarding epidemic diseases received in New Zealand from London are posted to Western Samoa, but anything likely to be of importance is sent by wireless message. The weekly returns broadcasted from the Eastern Bureau of the League of Nations Health Organization at Singapore are picked up by the wireless station in Apia., and the weekly fasciculus is received regularly from Singapore. For some time it has been realized that these returns, although valuable, do not give the island groups in the Pacific sufficient information. It is of great importance to us to know of the prevalence or otherwise of the minor epidemic diseases in the groups surrounding us and in communication with us. At the International Pacific Health Conference convened by the Government of the Commonwealth of Australia, and held in Melbourne in December, 1926, at which this Territory was represented, agreement was reached on the following points, subject to their ratification by the various Governments and Administrations concerned : (а) The collection and distribution of epidemiological intelligence in the Austral-Pacific zone; (б) quarantine procedure in regard to ships entering or trading in the zone ; (c) a policy of co-ordinated research in the zone. The special intelligence system in the zone would supplement, but not replace, the work of the Eastern Bureau of the League of Nations Health Organization at Singapore. Food and Drugs. The New Zealand Food and Drugs Act, 1908, with the regulations made thereunder, is in force m the Territory. During the year the following foodstuffs were condemned and destroyed under the supervision of an officer of the Department: Meat in kegs, 7,630 lb. ; canned meats, 1,005 lb. ; butter, 86 Ib.; olives, 48 ]b. Sanitation. (a) European. —Permits issued, 52 ; water-closets installed, 27 ; sinks installed, 29 ; lavatorybasins,'lo; cast-iron baths, 8 ; septic tanks constructed, 10 ; drainage, 1,448 ft. ; number of loads of rubbish removed to dump, 1,440. (b) General.—A systematic inspection of European and Samoan premises within Apia district, comprising the villages of Apia, Alamagoto, Tanugamanono, Yaimoso, Lepea, and Yailoa, has been carried out through the year. Certain outlying villages have also been visited during the year. These include all villages in Faasaleleaga district, Savai'i, with the exception of Tafua and Tapueleele, and those from Yaiusu to Saleimoa inclusive in Upolu. Several of the latter are kept in good order, and are now showing the fruit of work done in the past years. In the others there is still need for great improvement in latrine accommodation and disposal of rubbish. The educational value on matters of sanitation of the regular inspections of the villages around Apia, together with the activities of the Village Committees, is shown by the following facts: (1) Many Samoans now remove their earth-closets without notification from the Inspector, and on removal pay attention to the fly-proofing of the building. (2) Free removal of unburnable rubbish, chiefly empty tins, in coconut-leaf baskets, to the roadside, for the rubbish contractor to pick up. This is done by the large majority of Samoan householders within the area covered by the contractor. (3) An increasing proportion of well-founded complaints as to nuisances, especially if the latter are near to the fales. Though this represents a distinct advance on Native sanitary conditions in this place a few years ago, there is still need for great improvement. Given regular supervision and active Village Committees, it only needs time to obtain satisfactory sanitation in all villages in Samoa. Inspection of premises, 4,294; re-inspection, 236 ; houses closed for habitation, 1 ; nuisances discovered and rectified, 1,188. In addition to the work of the departmental Inspectors, the Inspectors of the Agriculture Department report on the condition of the villages inspected by them. Vital Statistics (Samoan). Population. The census taken on the night of the 31st December, 1925 - Ist January, 1926, showed the Native population of Western Samoa to be 36,688, of which number 18,641 were males and 18,047 females. The movement of population during the year is shown below :— NATIVE POPULATION, WESTERN SAMOA. Males. Females. Total. At census of 31/12/25-1/1/26 .. .. .. 18,641 18,047 36,688 Live births during 1926 .. .. .. 1,056 909 1,965 Arrivals from overseas .. .. .. .. 427 300 727 Deaths during 1926 .. .. .. .. 376 347 723 Departures for overseas.. .. .. .. 365 289 654 Population at 31st December, 1926 (estimated) .. 19,383 18,620 38,003 Natural increase .. .. .. .. 680 562 1,242 Excess of arrivals over departures .. .. 62 11 73 Total increase in population .. .. .. 742 573 1,315 The percentage increase in population during 1926 was 3-58, as compared with 3-26 in 1925 and 3-35 in 1924.

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The arrivals from and departures for overseas tend to balance over a period of years. There is considerable traific between Western Samoa and American Samoa, and to a lesser extent between Western Samoa and Fiji and Tonga, but there is no definite immigration or emigration on the part of the Samoans. Births. The births of 1,965 living children were registered during 1926, giving a birth-rate per thousand of midyear population of 52-62. For the years 1925 and 1924 the figures were 2,033 and 1,901, and the birth-rates 56-30 and 55-38 respectively. Deaths. The number of deaths registered during the year was 723, giving a death-rate per thousand of midyear population of 19-36.- For 1925 and 1924 the deaths numbered 857 and 766, and the deathrates were 23-75 and 22-29 respectively. The death-rate for 1926 was the lowest on record, and the reduction is chiefly, if not solely, due to saving of child-life. This matter is more fully dealt with under " Child Welfare " in the special Medical Report. Infant Mortality. Prior to 1923 the system of registration of births and deaths did not permit of ascertaining the infant-mortality rate, but from the death-rates recorded it must have been high. In 1923 the rate was approximately 200, and in 1924 it fell to 155. Child-welfare work commenced in 1925, and during the first six months of that year the infant-mortality rate showed a marked improvement. During the second six months whooping-cough caused a rise in the number of deaths, making the rate for the year 186 per thousand births. For the year under review the rate fell to 106. Thus two years' work on child welfare, coupled with four years' organized medical work in the out-districts, has already resulted in a marked improvement in the health of infants. The results are full of promise for the future. The improvement is shown not only in the first year of life, but also in the succeeding years. In 1924, of a total number of deaths of 766, 51-4 per cent, were of children under the age of two years, and 59-3 per cent, under the age of five years. In 1925 the deaths numbered 857, of which 55-8 per cent, were of children under two years and 62-8 per cent, under five years. In 1926, of a. total number of deaths of 723, the percentage under two years of age dropped to 41-64, and under five years to 50-63. In connection with the percentages given above, it is necessary to note that the accurate returns which we have been able to obtain during the past four years show that 16 per cent, of the total population of the Territory is under the age of four years.

Hospital and Dispensary Statistics for the Year ended 31st March, 1927.

EDUCATION DEPARTMENT. The education policy of the Administration—viz., not to aim at educating the Samoans to become Europeans in their outlook, but to make them better Samoans—has been kept in mind by all concerned and made the objective in all their work. It Las been the function of the Administration to co-ordinate its education policy with its many other activities for developing the people and the country, in order to promote the general well-being of the community.

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Hospitals. Totals, Dispensaries. including of In-patients. DisI pensaries d - iipj and Stations, and Number -• Apia. jTuasivi. " Safotu. Travel- Date of Opening if of Attend- a g <g ' ling opened this Year ances. 8 s 53 Unite. a jC w co o (а) In hospital, 1/4/26 59 1 3 4 67 Fagaloa (Aug., 1926) 1,622 (a) 7 47 13 Fusi (Safata) .. 2,382 (b) 161 1,130 379 (б) Admitted during 1,185 126 184 177 1,670 Gagaemalae .. 6,208 (c) 153 1,055 345 year Lufilufi .. .. 5,203 (d) 5 71 6 (c) Discharged during 1,106 106 170 171 1,553 Malua .. .. 8,967 (e) 10 51 41 year Mulifanua.. .. 1,961 (d) Died .. .. 54 16 5 7 82 Satalo (July, 1926) 4,041 (e) Remaining, 31/3/27 82 5 12 3 102 Sataua (Aug., 1926) 2,062 Satupaitea . . 5,357 Vaiala .. .. 3,427 Out-patient attend- 24,116 6,599 7,382 9,997 96,452 Lefaga (Nov., 1926) 950 ances, including Fasitootai (Dec., 1926) 2,222 dressings Salega (Nov., 1926).. 2,533 (/) Treatments for 36 1,118 334 50 2,580 Fagamalo (Jan., 1927) 1,423 hook-worm Travelling units .. 1,042 ( f) (g) Treatments for yaws 3,063 1,875 j 909 1,193 9,981 2,943 (g) (injections of no varseno billon) Operations-Major .. 104 J g6 m , I Note. —Chinese out-patient attendances (included in out-patient attendances) numbered 178. The above figures do not include the children seen in our child-welfare work ; cases attended to at mission stations where no nurse is stationed ; the numbers visited by 'members of the staff ; nor the thousands who were visited and treated in their own villages during the influenza epidemic of August and September.

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The Advisory Board of Education, consisting of the heads of the London Missionary Society, Methodist, Roman Catholic, and Mormon Missions ; Secretary for Native Affairs : Directors of Health, Agriculture, Education ; Engineer in Charge Public Works Department; Superintendent of Wireless; Technical Instructor; and a Native chief (Faipule) meets twice annually, and the objects kept in view are as follows :—- (1) How, by means of education in the schools, the material welfare of the Native can be promoted. (2) To inculcate in the minds of all scholars the importance of agriculture, and to ensure that they receive training in improved methods in the cultivating of land. (3) The teaching of Natives in all those matters which will enable them to play their part in the management of their own affairs. (4) The importance of instruction in hygiene and all matters concerning the improvement of the health of the Natives, and the welfare of children. (5) Vocational training in crafts such as are needed in villages, and so endeavour to make the Natives self-reliant. Grade II Mission Schools. Forty-one schools continue to prove their worth to Samoa. Some years ago there was a keen desire on the part of parents to send their children to Apia for education given chiefly in English. This had an undesirable effect —-the pupils had no desire to return to their villages or to work in their plantations. The present effort to decentralize has met with success at every turn. Village schools and teachers have improved. This circumstance has promoted happier villages, and pupils leave school with a desire to work in their plantations. The improvement in the village schools is chiefly due to the efforts of the European organizing teacher and his Native inspectors, who visit all schools frequently for the purpose of assisting teachers. Modern method is now found in schools in the remotest villages, a result accruing from the establishment of training-schools, the headquarters of all organizers and inspectors. It is in these schools that probationer teachers are trained, and at the completion of their course, extending over two years, they are transferred to new schools being opened, or to replace weaker teachers. This system of training aims at providing a competent staff of Native teachers to educate their own race and to carry education into the villages. The Government may not be able to control or supervise the whole of the schools, nor can the missionaries do so ; but the latter have done splendid work in the past, and are still doing the bulk of the Native education in Samoa, but in order to progress they need Government co-operation and advice in educational matters. Refresher Courses for Native Teachers. As a means of assisting the Native teachers, and all others willing to attend, refresher - course classes were held at Malifa School in the month of January, when ninety-two teachers attended. The course extended for over three weeks. Each day's work commenced at 6 a.m. and closed at 9 p.m. A large staff of voluntary workers cheerfully contributed lectures, demonstrations, and model lessons on subjects that were selected and adapted to the needs of the Samoan people, with a view to fitting them to play their full part in the lives they have to lead in their villages. The syllabus of instruction chiefly embraced agriculture, health, and technical instruction, thereby supporting the aims of the established policy. The Director of Agriculture, assisted by his staff of District Inspectors—men who regularly inspect the whole of the villages and plantations of Samoa—were of great service in compiling useful information and delivering lectures thereon to the assembled teachers. The European teachers of the Education Department converted this subject-matter into interesting model lessons, which were given daily for the purpose of showing Native teachers how knowledge of their own land and environment may be usefully presented through the medium of lessons at school. Managers of large plantations delivered ably-demonstrated lectures on rubber, cocoa, copra production, and stock. The Medical Department arranged for a series of lectures on the diseases commonly met with in the villages, and at the close of these lectures a visit was paid to the laboratory and X-ray room at Apia Hospital, where special demonstrations were made by the bacteriologist and Medical Officer. Each teacher was supplied with a small medical oufit to take back to his school for the purpose of assisting the Medical Department in the remote villages. During the course each teacher attended the Apia Technical School, where the instructor in charge gave special lessons on the making of school-furniture. Blackboards, easels, tables, chairs, boxes, bookshelves were made by teachers, and taken back to equip their schools. Opportunity was also taken to give special lessons in the care and use of tools. At the close of the course the Administrator, who had addressed the teachers on several occasions, presented the certificates gained by teachers from examinations, awarded badges to those who had qualified, and delivered an address on the work and worth of a Native teacher to Samoa. Apia Technical School. It has been resolved— (1) That the course of instruction in Samoan schools should include a large amount of manual training in woodwork, plumbing, and engineering not as a complete preparation for trades, but to make the Native more self-reliant, and less dependent on the white man :

B—A. 4.

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(2) To correct the psychological effect upon the Native mind, generally produced by education, which caused him to look upon manual and agricultural work as beneath him : (3) To impress upon him that education is intended to make him a better tradesman, and a means of gaining knowledge in order to help his people and country, as well as himself: (4) That all teachers emphasize the gospel of work and the part it has played in the building-up of other countries. With these resolutions in view a Technical School in Apia was established. In the past, elementary instruction has been given, but the real commencement of work in the Territory was begun in January, 1927. The Administration decided to inaugurate a scheme necessitating the erection of a new building for the express purpose of giving the technical instruction. The senior boys of all schools within reasonable distance of the Technical School attend for one day per week, when they receive instruction in wireless, drawing, and practical woodwork. Wireless telegraphy is taught for the purpose of giving the boys " mind-training," as well as to give a good preliminary training for future wireless operators, who will be selected from the pupils attending. The drawing is chiefly instrumental, and is, as much as possible, worked in conjunction with the practical woodwork which follows. The students make a scale drawing of an object, and then proceed to make the object in the workshop. Each week 108 boys receive one day's training in the school, during which time each boy does one half-hour wireless, one and a half hours drawing, and five hours woodwork. The Samoan boys have a natural bent for woodwork, so it is therefore unnecessary to give much time to the detailed instruction in the use of tools such as is given in European countries, and our aim is to give instruction in the manufacture of articles that are useful in their village life. As much valuable time would be spent in sizing rough timbers, a machine was procured for the purpose, and the whole of their time in the workshop is now spent at work on the benches. Night Classes.—ln addition to the day classes, a night school has been started, and up to the present has met with some support from the Natives, and also from resident Europeans. Classes are held for woodwork, plumbing, engineering, drawing, and book-keeping. All of these classes are very well attended, each having an average of twenty regularly attending students. It is rather early in the year to form a correct estimate of what the result of the night classes will be, but if the present attendance continues the Administration will have every reason to be satisfied with the work it has commenced. The day school is wholly conducted by one European instructor with the assistance of two Native instructors, while the night school is carried on by members of the staff of the Administration who have offered their services gratuitously, for the general benefit of the Samoan race —a circumstance greatly appreciated. Government Schools. Village School at Taelefaga, Fagaloa.-—This school has a roll number of sixty-one boys and thirty-eight girls. So far, it has been established as an experiment. For the past year many requests have been received from districts for the conversion of their Grade II mission village schools into Government schools. This type of school is found advisable in villages where the respective missions agree to co-operate. In the school at Taelefaga, children from the London Missionary Society, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Mormon Missions attend regularly. No denoininationalism is recognized or taught in the school. It is opened daily with the Lord's Prayer. No religious instruction is permitted, but, on one afternoon weekly, the children are exempt from school in order to go to their own pastors to receive religious instruction. The District Council are responsible for provision of lands for school-site and plantation, construction and maintenance of school buildings. The Government's obligations are —(1) To provide trained teachers and pay all salaries ; (2) to fix a syllabus of instruction, inspect schools, and to select pupils for transfer to the higher schools, which are administered by the Government; (3) to provide a limited amount of necessary school equipment. The experiment has proved successful. Good teachers were provided, and have displayed what training in modern method will accomplish. District Schools. Vaijtouli (Savai'i), Avele (Upolu).—These are the agricultural schools, and the admission is from Grade II mission and Government schools. The schools are each staffed by a European headmaster with Native assistants, and the teaching is wholly in English in the upper, and chiefly in Samoan in the lower classes. The subjects of the curriculum bear mostly on agriculture as required for the Samoan. Despite the heavy work imposed upon the pupils by the construction of additional fales and school-rooms throughout the year, and also the expansion of plantations, the health of all has been excellent. Malifa. —This is the senior district school, staffed by a European teacher and part-time assistant, as well as Native teachers. It is a boarding-school, and draws its pupils from Vaipouli and Avele Schools. The roll number consists of sixty-six boarders and four day pupils. In addition to the academic training given, the headmaster undertakes to give teacher-training to many of the senior pupils. From this school, boys with a good knowledge of English, in addition to other qualifications, are appointed to the following positions : Teachers, clerks, storemen ; apprentices —engineering, carpentering, plumbing ; cadets in Survey, Medical, Police, Observatory, Wireless, Agriculture, and Public Works Departments.

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Wireless Cadets : After a preliminary course at Malifa, six boys were given special instruction by the Superintendent of Wireless. They were then located in distant stations, the arrangement being that part time would be spent in teaching at Grade II schools and the remainder at the Wireless Office. The scheme is commendable in so far as it assists each Department. Ifi Ifi School (for Europeans).—This school, stalled by five Europeans, has made splendid progress during the year, the roll number increasing to 210. The syllabus followed is practically that of the New Zealand schools ; consequently the standard of attainment is the New Zealand Proficiency Examination, which is held annually. The gaining of this certificate carries with it the same privileges as accrue in New Zealand. Proficiency Examination : Candidates presented, 6 ; candidates successful — proficiency, 6. Besides preparing pupils for the above examination, the teachers conduct classes in the afternoons and evenings for the purpose of assisting ambitious pupils for the higher departmental examinations. Examinations. —Examinations for the University of New Zealand, Board of Surveyors, Post and Telegraph Department of New Zealand, Public Service Entrance, Accountancy of New Zealand, and ProSciency, New Zealand, were supervised by the Superintendent of Schools duri.ig the year.

Roll Numbers and Average Attendance at Government Schools during the Year ended 31st March, 1927.

JUSTICE DEPARTMENT. Administration of Justice. The attached returns show a slight decrease as compared with last year in both civil and criminal cases. That in criminal cases may be attributable to more of the minor offences being dealt with locally by Native Judges than in the past. Serious crime continues to be rare in the Territory. The effect of the Native Trade Debts Ordinance, 1925, appears to be beginning to be reflected in the reduced number of civil cases. Almost all the Native debts now sued for were incurred previous to the Ist April, 1925. The number of divorce cases has, as was anticipated, returned to normal. No session of the Native Lands and Titles Commission has been found to be necessary during the year, the number of cases not warranting a session. This is probably attributable in part to settlement of disputes by reconciliation efEected by local Native authorities in accordance with the policy of the Administration. As regards title disputes, the Commission at its last session averred its intention to discourage further division of existing titles between adverse claimants, as being a practice which tends to depreciate the value of titles and to increase the number of disputes. The knowledge that one or other of two adverse claimants will have his claim definitely rejected has probably encouraged the settlement of differences without bringing them before the Commission. No session of the Court has been held by the Chief Judge in Savai'i, the cases from that island, when beyond the Commissioner's jurisdiction, having been heard in Apia. The furlough of both Judges falling in the same year has made this more convenient, and no inconvenience has been caused to litigants. Crown Law Work. Five Ordinances and a number of Orders in Council have been drafted, and the conveyancing, advising, and common-law work for the Crown has been considerable. Land Registration, etc. A return of documents registered in the Land Registry is attached. Thirty-five instruments have been registered under the Chattels Transfer Act, 230 marriages recorded, nineteen probates or other authorities to administer "granted, three petitions in bankruptcy filed, and one company registered. High Court of Western Samoa, at Apia. Return of Criminal Gases for the Year ended 31st March, 1927. —Sitting-days, 152; persons charged, 622 ; convictions recorded, 522 ; dismissed on merits, 48 ; withdrawn by leave of Court, 52. Return of Civil Cases for the Year ended 31st March, 1927.—Sitting-davs, 102 ; actions filed, 74.1 ; actions heard, 648 ; judgments given, 581 ; withdrawn or struck out, 67.

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Ifllfl. Malifa. MaUf s a chool ining " Vaipouli.i Avele. Total. Date. , j— — gjg Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys, j Girls. Boys. Girls. Roll Numbers. 30th June, 1926 .. I 84 95 I 71 6 105 77 61 72 393 178 571 30th September, 1926 .. ! 83 ! 99 | 64 8 100 82 60 80 387 189 576 31st December, 1926 .. \ 85 i 99 j 48 3 100 84 60 84 377 186 563 31st March, 1927 .. j 105 105 66 4 127 ; 95 65 83 446 204 659 Average Attendance. 30th June, 1926 .. ( 155 i 71 162 55 I70 .. .. 513 30th September, 1926 .. 164 66 160 54 72 .. .. 516 31st December, 1926 .. 170 51 160 54 75 .. .. 510 31st March, 1927 .. j 194 I 64 176 58 , 76 .. .. 568

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Land Registration. Return of Documents registered for the Year ended 31st March, 1927.—Conveyances, 77 ; mortgages, 15 ; releases, 10; leases, 27 ; Crown grants, 6 ; miscellaneous, 14 : total, 149. AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT. During the year under review considerable progress has been made, particularly with respect to advancement in agricultural knowledge among the Native population. A keener spirit has been displayed by the Samoans in their desire to increase their prosperity, as is evidenced by the manner in which they have responded to the Administration's efforts to establish the banana industry here. Greater attention has also been given to the manner in which new areas of coconuts have been planted up. In former years it has always been a difficult task to ensure that the palms were properly spaced apart, but to-day this important point is understood and planting is correctly carried out. There is also a desire on the part of the Samoans to produce a better class of copra, and inducement in the shape of higher prices will no doubt result in a fair percentage of our copra reaching a high standard. Copra. The total output for the year was 12,592 tons, as compared with. 15,200 tons for the previous year, being a reduction of 2,608 tons. This reduction can in no way be attributed to any laxity on the part of producers, but is mainly due to the gale experienced on the Ist January, 1926, as referred to in last year's report, and to the dry spell which immediately followed it. In this connection it is worth noting that for the first nine months of the year the decrease in Native output was 1,773 tons, whereas for the whole year the decrease was only 1,812 tons, indicating that towards the end of the year plantations were recovering from the effects of the unfavourable weather experienced in the early part of the year. A feature of the work accomplished in the Native plantations this year is the good progress made in planting up fresh areas of coconuts. The work is most important in its bearing on increase in population. The total new plantings of coconuts for the year are 2,574 acres. The standard of quality has been well maintained throughout the year. It is hoped that the arrangements made by the Administration to ensure to the Natives a better price for better-quality copra will act as a sufficient incentive to them to produce copra only of the best possible quality. Cacao. The production figures for cacao show a reduction of 183 tons as compared with the previous year, the figures being 678 tons for the year 1925 and 495 tons for 1926. The decrease in output was inevitable as a result of the unpropitious weather conditions experienced at the beginning of the year. The quality of the product has been well maintained, as is shown by the fact that of the 495 tons produced only 2| tons were graded as inferior. It is encouraging to record that the improvement in quality has been noted by manufacturers abroad, and has resulted in several planters obtaining forward contracts for their output at satisfactory prices. The price of cacao on the London market showed a rising tendency, being quoted in December last at £84 10s. per ton, as against £74 earlier in the year, and the price had further risen to £97 10s. by March. Given normal weather conditions the prospects for the cacao planters are bright, and it is to be hoped that the present satisfactory price will be maintained. Cotton. The quantity of cotton produced last year was 3 tons, as against 1 ton during the previous year. With the object of further improving the strain of our Durango cotton a consignment of 1 ton selected Queensland seed was imported. This seed has been freely distributed among the Samoans with the hope that every village will endeavour to put a small area under cultivation. The Administration, as previously, proposes to foster this industry during the coming year by undertaking to purchase seed cotton from producers. Rubber. It is pleasing to record that this industry is developing along progressive lines. During the coming year the output promises to Exceed 150 tons, more than double the export figures of any previous year in the history of Samoa. The Administration has demonstrated that rubber-tapping is a payable proposition here, with the result that in a few months' time all areas under this cultivation will be worked. Cost of production is in the neighbourhood of lOd. per pound, so whilst the present price obtains the industry should prove a good paying one. The production of rubber during the year was 41J tons, as compared with 3-|- tons for the previous year. Other Products. Minor products that have been exported from the Territory during the past year include papain, beche-de-mer, kola nuts, and hides. In particular papain and beche-de-mer are engaging attention. There is a good demand for well-prepared papain, which fetches as much as 16s. per pound, leaving a handsome profit of about lis. per pound for the producer. A new departure is that of beekeeping, an experienced beekeeper having recently commenced operations here. The market for honey in Samoa is by no means a large one, but whether honey can be profitably produced for export in competition with New Zealand has yet to be proved. It is understood, however, that the Samoan beeswax is of a high quality. The Italian bees imported a few months ago appear to have become quickly acclimatized, and it is said that one colony has given 300 lb. of comb honey in three months.

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Experimental Station. During the year it was decided to take over a portion of the Tapatapao cacao plantation for the purpose of establishing an experimental station. The work carried out is partly educational, arrangements having been completed to accommodate, for short periods, Samoan youths at the farm as cadets in order to receive some training in practical agriculture. Lectures and demonstrations in the field are from time to time held at the station, and are attended by both teachers and children of the Native schools. A plant-propagation area has been prepared, and various plots of economical plants and fruit-trees are now established. The best types of Samoan fruits are being cultivated with the object of improving the strains by budding, grafting, and selection work. Diseases and Pests. No new pests or diseases have appeared during the year. Our chief pest, the rhinoceros-beetle, remains thoroughly under control, the present combative methods having proved by long experience to be effective and economical. Several cacao plantations have suffered from black-pod disease during the prolonged rainy season. The methods required to be adopted to combat black-pod disease should be thorough, and a certain amount of extra expenditure must be incurred in conjunction therewith. Flying-foxes and rats were reported as doing a good deal of damage in the earlier part of the year, but of late very little has been heard of their depredations. Neither limumea nor pink disease (Corticium Javanicum) has been much in evidence. Outbreaks of pink disease have occurred among those cacao plantations interplanted with rubber or otherwise overshaded, but the disease is easily controlled when promptly attended to.

Beetles collected on Native and European Plantations.

CUSTOMS AND MARINE DEPARTMENT. The financial year 1926—27 has, from a trade point of view, shown a decrease on the previous year, the total trade being £79,654 less than for 1925-26. However, three factors must be taken into account for this decrease—first, the storm of January, 1926 ; secondly, the drought experienced during the succeeding months ; and, thirdly, the temporary shortage of shipping facilities whereby produce to the value of £34,000 was held over to the year 1927-28. Revenue; The total money collected by the Department during the year amounted to £70,505, as compared with £81,463 for the year 1925-26, a decrease of £10,958. The following headings show a decrease : Import duties, £8,085 ; export duties, £3,024 ; taxes, £88 : shipping fees, £60 ; lease of shed, &c., £18 ; and there was an increase in other receipts of £317. The following are the receipts under the principal headings, showing a comparison with the previous year:—

The actual revenue under Customs taxes and Marine is £478 short of the estimated revenue for the financial year 1926-27. Customs Statistics. Statistics dealing with the trade, commerce, and shipping of the Port of Apia for the calendar year 1926 are now in the printers' hands. The total trade for the year amounted to £645,723, as compared with £725,377 for the year 1925, a decrease of £79,654.

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Native. j European. Beetles. Larvaa i Eggs. Beetles. Larvse. Eggs. Upolu .. .. .. 76,298 | 3,026.185 298,480 11,325 156,604 30,745 Savai'i .. .. .. 63,602 I 1,391,069 197,317 4,121 42,709 10,076

1925-26 1926-27. Decrease. Increase. £ £ £ | £ Import duties .. .. .. .. 51,076 42,991 8,085 Export duties— Copra .. .. .. .. ' 14,068 10,874'] Cocoa .. .. .. .. .. 1,306 1,087 3,024 Rubber.. .. .. .. .. j 71 460J j Shipping fees .. .. .. .. J 2,439 2,379 60 J Lease of sheds, towage, &c. .. .. .. j 700 682 18 Taxes .. .. .. .. .. 9,509 9,421 88 Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. I 2,294 2,611 .. 317 81,463 70,505 11,275 317 Less .. .. .. ... .. .. 317 Net decrease .. .. .. .. .. 10,958

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Imports. The total value of imports for the calendar year 1926 was £324,940, as compared with £345,989 for the previous year, a decrease of £21,049. The following table shows the countries whence imported, with a comparison for the previous year.

The import-trade decrease of £21,049 is borne by the following countries : United Kingdom, £13,517 ; Australia, £15,898 ; Canada, £4,660 ; and increases are shown in United States of America, £10,506 ; Germany, £1,721 ; and New Zealand, £617.

Chart showing Export, Import, and Total Trade of Western Samoa for Period 1910 to 1926 inclusive.

The-principal items of imports which may be commented on are : Drapery shows a "decline of £22,495, made up of £10,761 United Kingdom, £9,298 Australia, £1,692 U.S. America, and balance New Zealand ; biscuits declined £2,039 (Australia £1,129, and Fiji £910) ; preserved fish declined £6,887, practically all from Canada; benzine increased £5,705, from U.S. America; kerosene increased £2,061 (U.S. America); flour (Australia) increased £2,324 ; meat in kegs (New Zealand) declined £4,534 ; motor-vehicles and parts increased £6,319 (U.S. America £2,559, Canada £2,146, balance from United Kingdom).

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1925. 1926. Knuri . — Value. ! Percentage. Value. J Percentage ■ ; | H I I I £ £ United Kingdom .. -. 63,885 18-5 50,368 15-5 New Zealand .. .. .. .. 91,542 26-5 92,159 28-4 Australia .. .. .. .. 103,748 29-9 87.850 ; 27-0 United States of America .. .. 55,767 16-1 66,273 20-4 Other countries .. .. .. .. 31,047 9-0 28,290 8-7 Total .. .. .. 345,989 100-0 324,940 100-0 I I

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Exports,

The exports for 1926 show a decrease of £58,605, the figures being £320,783, as compared with £379,388 for the calendar year 1925. However, as previously stated, a large quantity of produce, amounting to £34,000, was carried over to 1927 owing to shortage of shipping. Copra. —The export of copra for the calendar year 1926 was 12,249 tons, valued at £275,086, as compared with 14,519 tons, valued at £331,274, for the year 1925. Cocoa. —The cocoa export was 356 tons, valued at £20,151, in comparison with 664 tons, valued at £39,626, for the previous year. The storm of January, 1.926 is accountable for a great deal of this shortage, as cocoa is now coming in, the quantity for the March, 1927, quarter being 223 tons. Rubber. —The export of rubber for the calendar year amounted to 33| tons, valued at £6,702, as compared with 3 tons, valued at £1,165, for 1925. The production is steadily increasing each month, and March quarter shows 20 tons 7 cwt. as being exported. Prospects for 1927 are very bright. The weight and values of copra, cocoa, and rubber for the financial year 1926-27 are : —

The totals for the financial year ended 31st March, 1926. were —Copra, 14,068 tons, valued at £328,715 ; cocoa, 653 tons, valued at £38,859 ; rubber, 7-j tons, valued at £2,987. The total exports for March quarter, 1927, were valued at £44,828. Re-exports. These amount to £18,260, as compared with £6,844 for the year 1925. Included in this, however, is bullion to the amount of £15,800. Shipping. The number of vessels arriving from overseas at the Port of Apia for the calendar year 1926 was eighty-four, with a registered tonnage of 93,441, as compared with eighty-eight vessels, with a registered tonnage of 88,137, for the year 1925. Outward vessels show eighty-three, with a registered tonnage of 90,045, as compared with eighty-seven, with registered tonnage of 88,115, for the previous year. Inward cargo shows an increase of 353 tons, and outward cargo a decrease of 2,727 tons, in comparison with the same period of 1925. The figures are : Inwards 14,696, outwards 13,290, for 1926 ; and inwards 14,343, outwards 16,017, for 1925. The shipping figures for March quarter, 1927, are: Inwards, twelve vessels, 24,163 tons register, 1,910 tons cargo; outwards, thirteen vessels, 27,548 tons register, 1,624 tons cargo. New Wharf. —The wharf now in course of construction should be finished in May, and should prove a great benefit to all concerned.

Total Net Receipts at Customhouse, Apia.

Harbour Section. Shipping.—Returns of inward and outward shipping for the Port of Apia during the year will be found appended. Lights. —The new beacon on the East Reef was washed away on New Year's Day, 1926, but was rebuilt, the lamp being overhauled in New Zealand and re-exhibited in June, 1926. New lighthouse built on Fanuatapu Island, at east end of Upolu, and fitted with Aga lamp, exhibited from December, 1926. Other lights attended when necessary, and towers repainted. All buildings and maintenance done by harbour staff.

* Lighters purchased outright by Stevedoring Company, Ltd., and rents ceased July, 1924. f Travelling-passes since the Ist of April, 1924, collected by police. f Includes lightering-charges when Administration did stevedoring.

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Copra. ! Cocoa. j Rubber, j Quantity. j Value. Quantity, j Value. j Quantity. ] Value. I I I ; I r I Tons. j £ Tons. £ Tons. cwt. £ June quarter, 1926 .. : 3,047 67,610 66 3,799 0 2 375 September quarter, 1926 3,892 81,956 106| 6,004 10 6 1,729 December quarter, 1926 i 2,610 ! 56,719 147i 8,140 16 14 2,776 March quarter, 1927 .. 1,325 27,488 223 13,016 20 7 3,493 10,874 j 233,773 543 ' 30,959 49 7 I 8,373

(To nearest pound sterling.) Stevedoring and Taxes, Other Year Import Export Shipping mSSskle Total Net Duty. Duty. Fees. Td'' of MeZn Jf Recei P ts " and Towage. Water Rates. Liquor. - . £ £ j £ j £ £ £ £ 1926-27 .. 42,991 12,421 2,379 | 682 9,421 2,611 70,505 I ! I 1925-26 .. 51,076 15,445 2,439 700 9,509 2,294 81,463 ! ■ [ J— ! 1924-25 .. 43,015 15,008 2,268 796 8,909 3,610 73,606 1923-24 .. 41,948 11,685 2,195 j 1,029 9,495 2,098 68,450 1922-23 .. 45,673 16,272 1,962 ! 889 10,125 1,017 75,938 1921-22 .. 56,824 14,395 1,779 1,209 9,540 653 84,400 1920-21 .. 79,567 9,563 | 1,383 | 4,661$ 9,524 3,053 107,751 1 I __l | I

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Maintenance has been a heavy item this year on account of storm damage and heavy wear-and-tear on floating plant whilst salvaging the s.s. " Lady Roberts." Both launches have been redecked and overhauled, and new engine fitted to one launch. A new engine for the "Tahatu" is due to arrive at an early date. New pumping plant has been obtained to replace worn-out plant. All Harbour Department machinery is now of high-class English manufacture, burning kerosene, and proves very economical in running-costs as well as lessening the risk of fire. S.s. " Lady Roberts " returned from Suva and resumed her run in September. The port shaft seized and was drawn by the master of the ship at Pago Pago with a cofferdam, and after being refitted has given no further trouble. A new foremast was made and stepped, as the old mast showed considerable dry-rot and was not considered safe. General.—Auxiliary schooner " Teine Yineula " wrecked at Nukunono ; auxiliary ketch " Tokelau " wrecked at Fakaofo ; both total loss, but no loss of life. The cutter " Siliafai " was burnt out at Apia, resulting in two deaths. New Zealand Reparation Estates launch " Tuakolo " damaged by fire at sea, one man (Chinese) being drowned.

Overseas Merchant Shipping, Port of Apia, for the Year ended 31st March, 1927.

In addition to the above, seven warships, two New Zealand Government steamers, and three yachts entered and cleared the Port of Apia.

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Steam. Sailing. Total. Quarter ended. — No. Tons. Cargo. No. j Tons. 1 Cargo. No. j Tons. Cargo. INWARDS. June quarter, 1926 .. I British 16 | 11,879 ! 2,543 I .. I .. .. 16 11,879 | 2,543 Foreign 3 8,096 739 .. [ .. 1 .. 3j 8,096 739 19 19,975 3,282 19 19,975 | 3,282 September quarter, 1926 British 20 19,726 3,319 . .. .. 20 j 19,726 3,319 Foreign 3 5,363 613 1 1,898 : 659 4 7,261 , 1,272 23 25,089 3,932 1 1,898 659 24 26,987 4,591 December quarter, 1926 British 20 22,947 3,073 .. .. .. 20 22,947 3,073 Foreign 2\ 4,704 280 .. j .. .. 2 4,704 280 22 27,651 3,353 22 . 27,651 ! 3,353 March quarter, 1.927 .. British 12 24,163 1,910 .. .. .. 12 ; 24,163 , 1,910 Foreign .. j .. ; ■ • j • • ! • • j • • ! 12 1 24,163 1,910 .. | .. .. 12 j 24,163 1,910 Year ending 31st March, British 68 78,715 10,845 .. .. .. 68 78,715 10,845 1927 Foreign 8 18,163 1,632 1 1,898 659 , 9 20,061 2,291 76 96,878 j 12,477 1 1,898 659 > 77 98,776 13,136 OUTWARDS. June quarter, 1926 .. I British 14 11,772 1,897 .. .. .. 14- 11,772 1,897 Foreign 3. 8,096 1,442 3 8,096 1,442 17 19,868 3,339 17 19,868 3,339 September quarter, 1926 British 20 j 19,714 3,216 .. .. .. 20 19,714 3,216 Foreign 3 5,363 907 J 1,898 .. 4 7,261 907 23 25,077 4,123 1 1,898 .. 24 26,975 4,123 December quarter, 1926 British 19 19,562 2,230 .. .. .. ]9 19,562 2,230 Foreign 2 4,704 780 2 4,704 780 21 24,266 3,010 21 24,266 3,010 March quarter, 1927 .. British 13 27,548 1,624 13 27,548 1,624 Foreign 13 j 27,548 1,624 j 13 27,548 1,624 I I I Year ending 31st March, British 66 78,596 1 8,967 .. .. 66 78,596 8,967 1927 Foreign 8 18,163 3,129 1 1,898 .. 9 20,061 3,129 74 j 96,759 | 12,096 1 1,898 .. 75 98,657 12,096

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CHINESE DEPARTMENT. During the year 112 Chinese labourers were repatriated to China, and eleven died in Samoa from natural causes. New arrivals totalled 180. The fact that twenty of these were men who had previously served in Samoa indicates that the labourers appreciate the terms of engagement laid down by the Administration. During the year £1,500, representing savings of wages by labourers, was remitted to China : this includes £500 taken by the labourers being repatriated. It is suggested in some quarters that with the re-establishment of the rubber industry there are hardly sufficient Chinese labourers in Samoa at the present time to meet requirements ; but this view is not supported by the Department. It is true that there have been occasions when a few more men could have been fitted in to advantage during the cacao harvest season, but these men would have been out of employment for a considerable period immediately the harvest was over. The success of labour administration under Samoan conditions depends on the ability to keep every labourer employed, whereas with a surplus of Chinese labour there would be no incentive for the employer to offer work to the Samoans. The policy of having only a bare sufficiency of Chinese labour in Samoa will be adhered to. The number of labourers required to report to the Chinese Commissioner continues to show the success of the free-labour conditions, as the following figures will indicate : —

The number of Chinese labourers in Western Samoa at the 31st March, 1927, was 946, as compared with 888 at the 31st March, 1926, and 1,328 at the 31st March, 1923. POLICE AND PRISONS DEPARTMENT. The criminal statistics published below deal with all offences reported during the year ended 31st December last. The figures show a slight increase as compared with the previous year. The percentage of arrests effected or summonses issued out of the total number of offences reported was 96-95 as against 96-24 for 1925. Police. At the close of the year the strength of the Police Force was thirty-one—four Europeans, including two locally born —as against thirty-two at the close of the previous year. The locally-born European officers, although without previous police experience, continue to give satisfaction, their knowledge of the Samoan language being of great value. Prisons. The prison staff consists of a gaoler (a locally born European), eight Samoan warders, and two Samoan wardresses. During the year the old prison in Apia was closed and the prison efs transferred to a prison training-farm situated at Tuvao, about seventeen miles west of Apia. This farm comprises about 560 acres at an elevation of 400 ft. above sea-level. At the farm it is intended to teach the prisoners proper methods of industry and agriculture, so that when they return to their villages after completing their sentences they may prove more useful members of the community. The total number of prisoners received during the year was 287, and the number discharged 271, leaving a total of 46 remaining in gaol at the 31st March. The conduct of prisoners during the year was good. Offences against prison standing orders have occurred, but none of them were serious. During the year four prisoners had the unexpired portions of their sentences remitted, whilst ten prisoners were released on probation. Clergymen of various denominations visit the prison, and Church service is held each Sunday

4—A. 4,

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I Subsequent to Introduction of Free-labour Year ended Conditions. 31st March, 1923, Reason. prior to Introduction of Free-labour Year ending I Year ending j Year ending i Year ending Conditions. 31st March, ! 31st March, I 31st March, ! 31st March, 1924. j 1925. I 1926. 1927. Medical examination .. 569 56 30 42 64 Complaint by employer .. 1,0.37 578 122 i 1.82 115 Complaint by labourer .. 276 201 ; 73 ! 146 23 Left work without permis- 470 189 J 42 31 50 sion or notice

A.—4.

Mental Patients. During the year nine mental patients were admitted and eight discharged, leaving a total of five still under treatment at the close of the year.

Return showing the Number of Offences reported, the Number of Offences for which Persons were apprehended or summoned, the Number of Persons convicted or dismissed, and a Comparison of Crime during the Year 1926.

26

1925. 1826. Offences. -KTiimbpr Offences . „• Offences Offences " „ Number dismissed 8 2 reported, reported. ?, 5;® ; convicted. or S £ summoned. withdrawn. fc g j m R r , | : Misleading justice— m. f. m. f. Bribery, attempted .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. ., .. 1 Escape from legal custody .. .. .. 1 2 2 2 1 Offences against morality— Adultery .. .. .. .. ,. 19 7 7 4 2 1 .... 12 Abduction to carnally know .. .. .. 22 13 13 11 2 .. 9 Aiding abduction .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 Incest .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 l Bigamy .. .. .. . . .. 1 .. .. ]. Offences against the person—Assault, common .. .. .. .. 57 44 44 30 14 .. 13 Assault, indecent .. .. .. .. 7 4 4 21 1 3 Assault causing actual bodily harm ... .. 6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6 Carnal knowledge .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 .... 1 Rape .. .. .. .. .. 1 .. ,. .... 1 Conspiring to murder .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 .. .. .2.. 2.. Murder .. .. .. .. . . .. 1 1 .... .. 1 1 Attempt to murder .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 .... 1 Offences against rights of property— Burglary .. .. .. .. .. 2 3 1 .... 1 1 .. Thefts from dwellings .. .. .. . . 15 18 12 10 2 3 Unlawful entry .. .. .. .. 9 11 9 7.. 2.. 2.. Theft .. . . .. .. .. 59 87 77 63 3 10 1 28 !! • Forgery .. .. . . .. .. 1 .. .. .. l Trespass .. .. . . .. .. 19 69 69 60 6 3 .. 50 .. Wilful damage .. .. .. .. 2 5 5 2.. 3.. 3.. Receiving stolen property .. .. .. 2 9 8 7.. 1 7.. Gaming offences— Found in gaminghouse .. .. .. 19 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 19 Breaches of the Arms Ordinance— Unlawful transfer .. .. .. .. 1 .. .. ,. i Unlawfully in possession of arms .. .. 3 2 2 2 .. 1 Unlicensed firearms .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .... 2 Unlawfully importing arms .. .. .. 1 .. .. 1 Police offences— Breach of the peace .. .. .. .. 30 33 33 28 5 3 Disorderly conduct .. .. .. .. 44 25 25 20 1 4 .... 19 Drunkenness .. .. .. .. 4 5 5 4.. 1 1 Indecent acts .. .. .. .. .. 2 2 2.. .... 2.. Cruelty to animals .. .. .. .. 7 2 2 2.. 5 Stone-throwing .. .. .. .. 2 2 2 1 1 Insulting language to officials .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. 1 Converting animals and vehicles to own use .. 3 9 9 7.. 2.. 6.. Threatening language .. .. .. .. 1 ] 1 .. .. 1 Tethering horses on public roads .. .. .. 4 4 4 .. .. 4 Opium offences— Opium-smuggling .. .. . . .. 3 3 3 2 .. 1 Opium-smoking .. . . .. . . ] 3 3 2 .. 1 2 In possession of opium .. .. .. .. 3 3 3 .... 3 . Permitting opium-smoking .. .. .. .. 4 4 3.. 1 4 Liquor offences — Manufacturing liquor (beer) .. . . .. 6 10 10 7 2 1 4 Liquor found in occupied premises .. .. 2 .. .. 2 In possession of liquor .. .. .. 6 2 2 .. 1 1 .. 4 Importing liquor .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 1.. Selling liquor .. .. .. .. 3 1 1 .. 1 .... .. 2 Distilling liquor .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. 2 Consuming methylated spirits .. .. .. 1 11 11 10.. 1 10 By-law breaches — Wandering cattle .. .. .. .. 2 1 1 1 .... .. 1 Trespassing cattle .. .. .. .. 4 .. .. .... .... .. 4 Driving unlicensed .. .. .. . . 27 20 20 20 .... .. 7 Driving without lights . . . . .. 13 8 8 7 1 .. 5 Furious riding and driving . . . . . . 15 6 6 5 1 .. 9 Unlicensed vehicles .. .. . . .. 8 .. .. .... .... .. 8 Negligent driving .. .. .. .. 12 19 19 17 2 7 Driving with improper brakes .. . . . . I .. .. ,. 1 Negligent riding .. . . .. .. 6 1 1 1 5 Riding without reins .. .. . . . . 22 22 21 1 22 Riding bicycle without lights . . , . .. | 6 6 6 .... 6

A.—4.

Return showing the Number of Offences reported, etc. —continued.

POST AND TELEGRAPH DEPARTMENT. Savings-bank. The number of new accounts opened during the year indicates the continued confidence of the people in the Post Office Savings-bank. The number of new accounts opened was 579, whilst 187 were closed, leaving a net increase of 392 during the year, as compared with 385 for the previous year. At the close of the year there were 1,384 live accounts, of which 799 were in the names of Samoans. Deposits for the year amounted to £35,231, whilst withdrawals totalled £37,440. The amount of in terest credited to depositors at the end of March was £1,678, making the total amount at credit of depositors £45,833. Money-orders. The money-order business shows a substantial increase, being some £6,386 more than the previous year. The number of orders issued was 2,275, representing a total value of £30,253. Postal Notes and British Postal Orders. Under this system the forwarding of small amounts within the British Empire continues to be largely availed of. The amount issued was £945, and the amount paid £85, as compared with £820 and £129 respectively for the previous year. Stamps. The stamp sales amounted to £2,405, being an increase of £491 over the previous years' figures. Post Office. Mail-matter delivered and posted in Samoa during the year, estimated from a general average, was as follows Delivered — Letters .. .. .. .. .. .. 112,305 Other articles .. .. .. .. .. .. 72,113 184,418 Registered letters .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,617 Parcels .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,560 Posted— Letters .. .. .. .. .. .. 100,915 Other articles .. .. .. .. .. .. 14,697 115,612 Registered letters .. .. .. .. .. .. 3,660 Parcels .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 676 Customs duty amounting to £1,152 was collected on parcels. Private Boxes. —During the year the number of private-box holders increased to 116, the revenue derived therefrom amounting to £130. Telephones.—The revenue derived from telephones amounted to £1,239, as compared with £1,166 for the previous year. Work 'performed for other Departments. —Amounts collected on behalf of the New Zealand Government Departments were as follows : Superannuation, £2,980 ; Government Insurance, £144 ; National Provident Fund, £58 ; miscellaneous, £106 ; whilst amounts paid were —Pensions, £480 ; miscellaneous, £17.

27

1925. 1926. Offences. Number Number . 4 Oftences Offences " Number dismissed % g reported, reported. convicted. « £ § withdrawn. « g £ P Miscellaneous— Breach of Labour Ordinance .. .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .... Breach of Boat Traffic Ordinance .. .. .. 1 1 1 .... 1 Breach of Permits Ordinance .. .. .. .. i 1 1 1 .... 1 Breach of Dog Ordinance .. .. .. 3 1 1 1 ....!.. 2 Breach of Samoa Offenders Ordinance .. .. 2 1 1 1 .. .. I .. 1 Breach of Immigration Ordinance .. .. 3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 Breach of Harbour Regulations .. .. 1 3 3 2.. 1 .. j 2 Breach of Road Traffic Ordinance .. .. 8 8 8 6 .. 2 .. Breach of Bulls and Stallions Ordinance .. .. 2 1 1 1 1 Traders unlawfully giving credit .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .... 1 Traders failing to account for goods .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. .. | . 2 Breach of Shops Ordinance . . .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .... 1 Removing sand and gravel .. .. .. ... 3 3 3 .. .. .. ; 3 Unlawful use of explosives .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 .... 1 Obstructing public place .. .. .. .. 5 5 5 .. .. I 5 Wilfully wounding animals .. .. .. .. 1 1 1.. 1 Totals .. .. .. .. 481 i 510 j 489 400 17 70 2 | 189 160

A,—4

Mail-matter.

Money-orders.

Savings-bank.

Receipts due to the Samoan Administration.

28

Mail-matter delivered. Mail-matter posted. 01 <8 o 03 o Quarter, 1926-27. 1 Parcels. •§ -5 §? -B ®t: §9 S S-e B j < JH e_§ "2 f •§' — 5 'In Number. Duty. :§"§ J= i a»w +3 OJ J *3 o ci H O M H O H R< | I | i £ s. d. April-June .. .. 24,781 17,245 718 1,239 286 5 3 22,634 2,976 917 121 July-September .. .. 24,603 14,621 555 1,111 285 12 6 j 19,991 2,373 930 162 October-December .. .. 34,109 24,769 620 1,169 323 9 3 | 32,106 5,766 956 252 January-March .. .. 28,812 15,478 724 1,041 256 18 6 j 26,184 3,582 857 141 Totals .. .. 112,305 72,113 2,617 4,560 1,152 5 6j 100,915 14,697 I 3,660 676 Totals for previous year .. 105,800 71,230 3,124 J 4,019 1,038 6 11 \ 103,319 15,376 j 4,115 791

i i Honey-orders issued. Money-orders paid. BrWsh^Sorfers. Quarter, 1926-27. 1 I Number. Commission. Amount. Number. Amount. Issued. Paid. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. April-June .. .. 517 29 6 0 7,252 12 6 54 396 6 3 204 17 6 13 II 3 July-September .. .. 664 39 2 3 8,589 18 1 68 617 5 8 264 18 6 ■ 23 3 3 October-December .. .. 532 31 8 9 6,701 10 3 37 335 0 1 229 19 3 ! 21 16 5 January-March .. .. 562 33 0 3 7,709 5 11 62 547 4 9 245 9 7 26 17 6 Totals .. .. 2,275 132 17 3 30,253 6 9 221 1,895 16 9 945 4 10 85 8 5 Totals for previous year .. 2,145 118 10 9 23,866 10 11 j 241 1,529 18 6 820 1 7 | 129 17 5

I 42 • g « So S'S Amount c Quarter, 1926-27. o « c g Deposits. Withdrawals. at Credit Invested. In Hand. % £ Oft o| | of Depositors. , g & <! ° «>) j j <r> £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. April-June .. .. 189 ; 52 8,615 5 10 8,549 3 4j 46,385 8 10, 48,525 0 0 1,313 11 6:1,129 July-September .. 112 j 35 j 10,664 7 0 11,194 14 11 45,855 0 111 54,525 0 0 2,467 14 51,206 October-December .. 160 j 47 j 8,792 13 6 8,925 16 I 45,721 18 4' 42,414 0 0 2,736 3 9 1,319 January-March .. 118 , 53 i 7,159 3 8 8,725 17 7 45,833 5 4 42,414 0 0 3,607 5 1 1,384 Totals .. .. 578 | 187 I 35,231 10 0 37,440 11 11 .. ! Totals for previous year 500 115 j 40,208 14 11 40,311 11 oj

Sale of Miscel- , r , , ; „ . , „ . Quarter. 1926-27. ! Stamp Sales. | Radio Fees. Gazettes, Ianeous i, ' 1e J, ? ne Private Code Ac. Receipts. Receipts. Boxes. Addresses. : j - ■ £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. April-June .. .. 388 11 7 450 16 8 .. 0 10 0 51 17 II 10 12 6 July-September .. .. 369 10 1 481 7 7 0 10 0 .. 801 16 5 21 7 6 2 0 0 October-December .. 380 4 2 417 2 11 I 4 6 .. j 32 12 6 5 6 8 January-March .. .. 1,267 7 2 450 7 2 0 7 6 .. 352 19 8 92 16 8 Totals .. .. 2,405 13 0 1,799 14 4 2 2 0 0 10 0 1,239 6 6 130 3 4 2 0 0 Totals for previous year .. 1,737 13 6 1,962 1 8 j 3 13 6 0 10 0 1,166 19 11 113 4 5 7 2 4

A.—4

Transactions on account of the New Zealand Government.

LANDS AND SURVEY DEPARTMENT. During the year a commencement of Native-land surveys was made 011 the Falefa and Lufi Lufi district boundaries, involving nearly 100 chains of preliminary traverse for the investigation of old Native boundaries and district areas. This work has now been completed and the plan thereof lodged with the Native Department. In connection with this survey the limits of old Native land areas, amounting to several thousand acres, have been defined. The standard coastal traverse was extended eastwards from Apia for a distance of about nine miles. This work, and similar extension westward of Apia, will serve as a base for future surveys in connection with the opening-up of land for cultivation and settlement. Further work was done in connection with the magnetic village-fixing traverse around the coast. Seven miles of road surveys were made, together with other surveys such as Crown land, Court grants, and other miscellaneous surveys, including model-village sites and village reconstruction work. Engineering surveys were carried out, complete with plans and blue-prints for the Engineering Department, in connection with the hydro-electric scheme, and for the Public Works Department for water-supply schemes, drainage and roading schemes, waterfront-protection scheme, and assistance given in the construction of the new wharf by a hydrographic survey of the vicinity of the wharf-site. The following table will indicate the nature of the work undertaken by the Department:—

PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT. The demands made upon tlie Department for new works and continued maintenance of old works is annually increasing as the years go forward. During the year just completed the Department has been able to carry on more work with no increase in staff, owing to the greater efficiency of the workers. Buildings. During the year the usual repairs and maintenance to residences, New Zealand Reparation Estates buildings, and Government buildings have been carried out as economically as possible, and in order to make a further saving more machinery has been ordered.

29

Receipts. Payments. Quarter, 1926-27. I j I Superannua- j Government National Miscellaneous I Pensions Superannua- Miseeltion. | Insurance. Provident. : Mlscellaneous -| 1 ensions. laneous. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. £ s. d. j £ s. d. April-June .. .. 789 0 8 24 6 8 7 0 3 .. 150 11 7 .. 5 16 9 July-September.. .. 731 4 7 49 15 9 32 8 10 40 0 0 97 10 2 .. 7 4 1 October-December .. 718 10 3 43 8 2 6 7 3 .. 124 13 2 .. ! 2 13 January-March .. .. 741 6 0 26 11 1 13 0 3 66 18 0 107 12 2 .. j 2 15 0 Totals .. .. 2,980 1 6 ! 144 1 4 58 16 7 106 18 0 480 7 1 .. | 17 17 1 Totals for previous year .. 2,693 6 9 101 13 1 33 4 9 107 14 4 614 16 2 238 7 9 ' 42 4 3

Field-work. Office-work. Plans on Instruments Is % £ © of Title. 88 Sc« Class of Work *g fi -g •*» (Surveys). . 2 <s aj 4 g 2 Acres. Miles. Total Cost. | 1 1? | 1 1 1? S % 4 I | ®g S S J§ -C S| g © .§ B c, 5P <r< & 2 8 £ a^ 0!^ 0 2 g -a- s ,2 i 10 O Hi |i| g SI, ft R M g H 8 j ' I | ' £ I standard coastal traverse .. .. 9,000 .. : j 3 1 Administration lands .. .. 40-50 .. .. .. .. 2 .. 1 .. !) 2 New Zealand Reparation Estates 302-50 6,125 128,450 5 6 19 26 1 13 Apia district European surveys 3-75 .. 41,500 12 14 25 7 3 32 36 | 1 7 Rural surveys, European .. 5-00 3,250 25,300 12 .. 2 .. 8 4 31 39 Native-land surveys .. .. 15-00 5,190 75,000 3 1 Apia district, Native surveys .. .. .. .. 3 3 .. 12 14 ...... Rural surveys, Native .. 1-00 16,450 41,875 .. 16 2 .. 17 2 67 27 Engineering surveys .. .. .. 26,050 195,675 12 1 5 5 Miscellaneous surveys.. .. .. 3,000 32,330 66 25 18 140 6 Road surveys .. .. 2-00 .. .. 2 I 2 Totals .. .. 369-75 69,065 540,130 30 30 31 .. I 43 15 249 173 ! 27 165 6

A.—4,

Hospital. —Room at south end of out-patient's department converted into X-ray room ; cupboard made and fitted ; one new sink and bench ; roof-ventilator fitted ; existing windows and doors made light proof, and room painted out internally ; 400 superficial feet of ceiling renewed in porch of outpatients' department; stairs to first floor repaired and painted two coats ; mosquito-gauze on upstairs lecture-room renewed throughout; a considerable amount of flooring in balcony renewed ; balustrade repaired and painted two coats ; three new blackboards made and fitted in room ; new weather-hood 2 ft. wide, 40 ft. long, fitted round outside of balcony ; new concrete floor laid in old cadets' quarters ; partition erected ; ten new shutters and eight doors fitted, and building completely renovated for living-quarters for staff ; black-boys' ward straightened up on foundations and braced ; whole of European Ward kitchen painted out two coats inside and out; veranda flooring and door-sills repaired ; store painted inside and out; plates and floor-joists renewed, and flooring of covered way to kitchen repaired ; roof painted ; pantry painted two coats ; floor and joists of European Ward repaired and renewed where necessary ; all W.Cs. overhauled and kept in repair during the year. A new gas plant for laboratory use was erected and reticulated to various points as required. All water-taps and drains were kept in repair. Repairs were carried out to cupboard, furniture, and cots during the year. A new fale, with cambered concrete floor for additional Native nurses and new bathroom and lavatory were erected. Concrete paths were laid from all Native nurses' quarters to their dining room. The whole of the Samoan female ward was painted inside and out two coats. All of woodwork and roof of laboratory, offices, consulting-room, and out-patients' department painted two coats. All the guttering on the European Ward, with the necessary downpipe, was renewed. Aleipata Hospital. —New 600-gallon tank was supplied and fitted in position. A considerable amount of repair work was carried out to plumbing fixtures. Safotu and Satupaitea Hospitals. —The floors of all hospital fales have been concreted. Nurses' Quarters. —Whole of building internally and externally painted two coats. Repairs carried out to verandas and rails. Malifa School. —Fences round grounds repaired ; taps and W.Cs. kept in state of repair during year ; two new soak-pits made through lava shelf, 10 ft. thick, to dispose of effluent from septic tank ; two new W.C. pans fitted. Avele School.—New flagpole with commemorative cairn erected ; new water-supply fitted ; four new concrete baths made and fitted ; four new fly-proof privies fixed ; new posts supplied and fitted to two fales ; stone foundations laid and floors concreted ; new cricket-pitch laid down ; teachers' residence remodelled and painted internally and externally two coats ; new mosquito-proof porch erected ; thirty-six desks made. Poutasi School.—Facings round whole of building renewed ; two rafters in front renewed ; 32 ft. main bottom plate renewed ; considerable internal repairs and alterations carried out; new concrete floor, 32 ft. by 22 ft. by 2 ft. high, laid in front porch with four new concrete steps ; new tank made and fixed ; two new large latrines made and fixed ; guttering renewed right round building ; entire building painted two coats internally and externally. Vaipouli School.—Extensive works are at present going forward at. Vaipouli School. Three new fales have been built with concrete floors. The whole of the grounds have been fenced. A new modern school building has been erected, 73 ft. 6 in. by 34 ft., with a porch in front, 12 ft. by 10 ft. There are two rooms, 35 ft. 8 in. long with cupboards and shelving arranged in the dividing-wall. The school is well ventilated, having two 15 in. diameter updraught vents in the ridge ; is ceiled with wood throughout, and has fourteen 6 ft. 6 in. by 5 ft. double louvre windows in side walls, thus ensuring a constant current of air even when these are closed. Four new fly-proof latrines erected. Four new concrete baths similar to those in use at Avele erected. The water-supply has been extended to suit altered conditions ; the engine-house shifted to new position and properly fixed ; ram repaired. Ifi Ifi School. —New ventilator fitted on infant-room. Native Affairs Office. —New office-room built on northern side, ceiled with fibrous plaster. Flagpole repaired ; whole of building painted internally and externally. Partitions in Court-room and cashier's office altered ; new lattice partition with door erected on front veranda. Native Office Fales. —Four new fales with concrete walls erected. Fono house rethatched ; mat shelves made and fitted in four fales ; thatch on museum repaired ; polas of all fales repaired. New pebbles put in one fale. Administration Offices. —Specimen cupboard made for Agriculture Department; new doors made and fitted to office ; guttering, valleys, and roof repaired. Technical School. —New blackboards made and painted ; woodwork of building painted three coats ; thirty school-desks made ; three-stand cupboard made for tools; materials supplied for septic tank and W.Cs. ; automatic flush made for urinal. Customs. —Steps at landing repaired ; doors of import and export sheds repaired and netting on windows renewed, whole of balcony floor-joists, bearer, flooring, and posts overhauled and repaired where necessary ; concrete floors internally roughened on ground floor in passage-ways ; building internally and externally painted two coats. Vaimea Gaol. —Temporary latrines, baths, and cookhouses erected for new coolie labour ; taps in gaol residence repaired ; new stove fitted. Tuvao Prison Farm. —A new prison farm for the longer-sentence prisoners was fitted at Tuvao, on Mount Tofua, where the German pineapple plantation and factory originally stood. The old factory was floored with concrete, ceiled, and cells constructed with crimped wire-netting partitions. Three new houses were erected for the warders, and the manager's residence received extensive repairs and alterations to fit it for the gaoler. A new lavatory and septic tank was fitted ; new entrance gates supplied. A quantity of paint, iron, timber, doors, windows, cement, and sand was transported to the site for alterations to chief warder's residence. The gaoler's residence received two coats of paint internally and externally.

30

A.—4

Post-office. —Shed at rear put into good state of repair for housing equipment for new telephone system. Vailima. —10,000 superficial feet of talie and coconut logs were shipped to New Zealand for cutting into pannelling for dining-room ; archway cut in west wing ; old bathroom remodelled, made larger, and converted into two bathrooms with all necessary lavatories and equipment; bathrooms painted out and finished in. white enamel; ballroom ftoor repaired ; new chimney made for kitchen ; new sink and chimney made and fitted to lodge kitchen. Agriculture Department. —Old armoury altered to accommodate the cotton-press and ginning machinery ; new partitions erected and three windows fitted ; water-supply laid on ; cotton-press repaired three times and finally renewed in hardwood ; 100 superficial feet of flooring renewed. Public Works Department. —New fence erected to enclose more ground in order that stocks of pipe and timber could be kept under lock and key ; store building enlarged, and new portion floored with concrete ; timber-rack enlarged ; old coolie quarters converted into pipe store and cementstore, new 2 in. floor being laid and extra foundations fitted ; minor alterations carried out to office. Central-heating Station.—New central-heating station built at Magiagi for heating bitumen for sealing roads. Sand-bin. —New sand-bin and elevator erected. Coolie Lines. —New standard-type cubicle coolie lines, with dining-room, food-cupboards, baths, and washhouses erected for New Zealand Reparation Estates and Public Works Department coolies ; old benzine and kerosene store altered for blackboy lines ; new kitchen and baths built; interior ceiled. Wireless Station. —Extensive repairs carried out to Engineer's residence and wireless operators' quarters. Vaiusu Drier. —Experiments were carried out with a simple hot-air drier suitable to be left in the hands of the Natives for drying copra. This drier has been altered from time to time to suit conditions, and now the Natives have proved that they can produce pure-white copra of first quality in sixteen to twenty hours' drying. Similar driers have been erected at Faiaai, Neiafu, and Safotu in Savai'i. Samples of the dried copra have been forwarded, and it has proved to be of excellent quality. Casino Hotel. —Extensive repairs were carried out to the floor-joists and bearers on north side of hotel; guttering renewed all round with necessary downpipe ; a number of sheets of iron renewed on east and west wings ; dining-room, drawing-room, and lounge altered, and painted out as required ; considerable minor repairs carried out. New Zealand Reparation Estates. —Considerable repairs were carried out to the copra-sheds and stores at Sogi. A new shed, 80 ft. by 50 ft. with two floors, is in course of construction. A large number of latex-pans have been supplied ; thirty doors and frames, thirty shutters and frames complete supplied ; a large quantity of timber, cement, and sand supplied from time to time. Vaivase Coolie Lines. —A new range of blackboy and coolie lines of standard pattern, with separate dining-rooms and kitchens, was erected at Vaivase Plantation, a number of old sheds being dismantled and timber utilized. A new copra-nut-cutting shed was erected adjacent to the drier, and the stairway to the drier roofed in. Solaua. —A new water-supply was installed at Solaua Plantation, with necessary ram, 6,000-gallon redwood tank, and piping ; pipes were led to factory and overseer's house, one mile down road. Residences. —Extensive repairs and alterations were carried out to fifteen residences and minor repairs to sixteen others. Generally the residences are in a fair state of repair, but, being built of wood, the maintenance is naturally heavier from year to year, as timber in this humid climate has very little life where it is exposed to the weather. Workshops.—Now that the machinery has been installed the workshops are always kept busy, and considerable joinery has been turned out for some of the missions in connection with their education schemes. Considerable work has also been done during the year for the general public in ripping, planing, and sizing timber which would otherwise have to be done by hand. A large number of jobs have been done for the various Departments, and a considerable amount of furniture made and repaired. Sanitation. —A range of four new W.Cs. was erected on the eastern side of the Customs building ; two of these are conveniences for tourists, the remainder being for Customs and Harbour staffs. The public conveniences already erected for the Natives continue to function satisfactorily. The collection and disposal of rubbish by a Native contractor has been satisfactorily carried out continuously during the year under review. A considerable number of concrete flyproof W.Cs. of new pattern have been made, and are coming into favour with the Natives and planters where pit privies have to be installed. Publjlc Bridges. The large steel bridge at Solosolo was thoroughly chipped and painted. The steel bridges at Tuaefu and Yaimoso were stripped, chipped and painted, and decking renewed. Sigamoga.—A new bridge with stone and concrete abutments was erected at Sigamoga. Solosolo No. 2. —A new traffic bridge, of truss type with 34 ft. span with new concrete abutments, was erected, and has proved eminently satisfactory. All the bridges from. Apia to Ealefa were inspected and repaired. The inland bridge at Luatuanu'u requires to be renewed in hardwood, but, owing to cement shipments not coming forward on account of the coal strike in England, the construction of this bridge has been unavoidably delayed. A new footbridge with concrete abutments and stone wing walls was erected at Poutasi. A new footbridge was erected at Yaovai. At Puleia, Savai'i, the old bridge was repaired and a new 50-ft.-clear-span truss was erected where the former bridge has been washed away. A new 70-ft.-clear-span footbridge is in the course of erection at Safune, Savai'i, across the lagoon. The Mulivai, Moata'a, and Fagali'i bridges, Nos. 1 and 2, have been tarred.

31

A.—4

Public Roads. Some 268 chains of road between Yailoa and Levi has been metalled : of this 215| chains was top-dressed with coral and 89 chains sealed with bitumen. 14J chains of Fugalei Street has been gravelled and rolled ready for sealing. 123 chains of Papaseea Road has been top-dressed with coral, sand, and gravel. One mile and a half of coast road between Letogo and Lauli'i was topdressed and rolled, and the coast road from Luatuanu'u to Falefa was repaired and recoralled and topdressed a distance of about fifteen miles, some nine miles being reformed. Ifi Ifi Street between the hospital and Yaitele Street was top-dressed and the main portion bitumen-sealed. The driveways into the hospital grounds were partly sealed. Falealili Street from beach road to Vailima gates was tar-sealed excepting a small portion which was left open for alterations to the water-supply. A number of culverts in Falealili Street and Ifi Ifi. Street were renewed and the water-tables improved. The levels of the Customs yard was raised and rolled. Vaea Street and Racecourse Road were regravelled. All water-tables in the municipal area have been cleaned and several culverts renewed. A very creditable piece of roadwork is under construction round Vaie'e lagoon in Tuamasaga South ; this work is being carried out by Natives under the direction of Ama Faipule, and excellent progress is being made. Some 128 chains of Satui Road has been metalled and reformed. A contract for the construction of a portion of the track from Falefa to Aleipata has been let to the Natives, and fair progress is being maintained. Owing to the narrowness of the road reservation and the large increase of motor-traffic the maintenance of roads in Upolu is heavy, and gets worse each succeeding year, where the roads have not been sealed. Owing to the original poor foundations the heavy rains in the wet season play havoc with an ordinary macadamized road-surface, but once this is sealed it has been found that the road-surface stands up particularly well. During the year the bitumen power sprayer proved to be very successful, and with the increased stocks of bitumen at present on hand it is hoped that during the ensuing year a considerably augmented amount of bitumen sealing will be completed before the next wet season. Endeavours have been made to get the Natives in Savai'i interested in improving the coast road round the island and across the more recent lava-flow. The Natives of Safotu Village did some very creditable road repairs between Fagamalo and Safotu. Work is now going forward at the Safune end of this road. Taufusi Swamp. The main drains and laterals were cleaned out, with the effect of appreciably lowering the waterlevel. Sea-wall. Considerable progress was made with the construction of the waterfront sea-wall. The portion between the clock-tower and Mulivai Bridge is almost completed. Unfortunately shipments of cement from England did not come forward owing to the coal strike, consequently a gap of 300 ft. has been left which would otherwise have been filled. A good substantial wall has been completed which effectually stands all ordinary weather. Water-supplies. Apia Water-supply —The water-mains and intake have received constant attention during the year, and except for a portion of one day, when an improvement was carried out to the main at the junction of Vailele and Falealili Streets, the water has never been shut off from the whole of the town. Repairs as required have been carried out to the mains in various portions, and the mains have been kept constantly flushed. A f in. water-main has been laid along the gardens on the sea-front, and tees left for hose-taps at regular intervals. 1,585 ft. of new main was laid and buried in Lotopa Road, and all necessary connections made. Work is going forward with the laying of new mains to Vaiala Village, a considerable portion already having been completed. A number of new connections have been made during the year. Vailima Water-supply.—A new 6 in. main from a point higher up the stream was laid during the year. This supply is now very satisfactory, and maintains a constant and never-failing supply of water to Government House, the Apia high levels, Avele School, and the hospital. Owing to the high pressure experienced at the hospital a break-pressure tank is in the course of erection on the Vailima Road, which will cut down the excessive pressure on the lower portions of the supply. Afega Supply (Native). —This scheme has been completed, the Missions at each end being adequately supplied with water. The supply has functioned satisfactorily since its inception, and has proved a boon to the Natives in this district from Faleula to Utuali'i. Fifty-five concrete baths were made for various villages, and applications for further connections are continually being received. As this supply is solely a Native one the district committees control the applications for the connections, but this Department exercises control over the whole supply and carries out periodical inspections to see that all taps and cocks are in a good state of repair., the cost of any repairs being debited against the Natives or villages concerned. Fagamalo Water-supply.—This supply was fitted during the year, and is also a Native one, constructed with loan-money for which, the villages concerned tax themselves. The supply extends from Saleaula to Salei'a. The supply, except for two occasions, one when the main was broken by a falling boulder and another when the intake strainer was damaged, has continued to function satisfactorily since its inception. Forty-one concrete baths of the standard pattern were erected in selected positions in the various villages, and all the European houses in the area have been connected, Lotofaga Water-supply.--A quantity of fin. second-hand pipe was prepared and shipped to Lotofaga for extension to the existing supply. Falelatai Water-supply.—A start was made late in the quarter with putting in what practically amounts to a new supply. This is to be carried from Samai to Samatau ; a. portion of the existing pipes will be utilized.

32

A.—4

Concrete Cisterns. —Reinforced-concrete cisterns to the Department's design were erected at Saletagaloa, Falelima, Falealupo, and at Matavai in Savai'i. These cisterns are erected alongside of churches in localities where piped supplies are not possible. Further cisterns are in the course of erection, and will be continued untill all villages dependent on rain-water are supplied. The redwood tanks at Faiaai, Yaipu'a, Fogatuli, Aopo, and Letui have been repaired, and the guttering and downpipe put in order. An 800-gallon and a 600-gallon iron tank were erected at Fusi, and a 600-gallon tank at Manase, in Savai'i. Repairs and improvements to bathing and drinking pools have been carried out during the year. Wharves. A new jetty in hardwood, 60 ft. by 12 ft., was built on the 'old Tivoli jetty site, and has had considerable use, and is of distinct advantage to merchants at the eastern end of the town. Work was commenced on the new wharf at the Customs ; considerable difficulty was experienced at first owing to the unstable bottom. A number of test bores were driven, and the difficulty has been overcome. The construction of the wharf is going forward in a satisfactory manner, and should be completed by June of present year. The portion already completed is in constant use by the small trading-craft. This wharf is the nucleus of what will eventually be a deep-sea berth for ocean-going vessels, thus cheapening the cost of goods exported from and imported into the Territory. Street-lighting. This service has been carried out continuously during the year. Four new traffic-control lamps have been erected at the junction of the four principal streets with the main beach road. Surveys. New or proposed water-supplies have been surveyed and a comprehensive survey made of the proposed railway at Mulifanua. Contracts. During the year the Department instituted a system of contracting for labour on work by local tradesmen, and it has functioned very successfully, being of advantage to the men concerned in so far that it brightened them up considerably when they were forced into competition, and department-ally it eased the pressure to a certain extent on the pay staff. APIA OBSERVATORY. During 1926 the Apia Observatory has carried on a broad programme of observations in terrestrial magnetism, seismology, and meteorology. Each of these fields has been covered fairly comprehensively at Apia, and, through the Observatory's leadership, some progress has been made in co-ordinating the meteorological effort of other institutions and stations in the South Pacific. Terrestrial Magnetism. On photographically-recording instruments continuous records were obtained of variations in the earth's magnetism. On other instruments thirty-five independent determinations in absolute units were made of the horizontal magnetic force, seventy-nine determinations of declination, and eighty-three of inclination. By means of these the average hourly values obtained from the photographic records were expressed in absolute units. The average value of the declination, horizontal and vertical force, for the past three years are given in the following table: —• Magnetic Elements at Apia, 1924-26. Declination : Horizontal Force: Vertical Force : East. Gammas. Gammas. "Mean, 1924 ~ .. .. .. 10° 19-2' 35249 20453 Mean, 1925 .. .. .. .. 10° 22-8' 35239 20453 Mean, 1926 .. .. .. .. 10° 26-1' 35216 20446 In collaboration with other observatories, quarterly reports on the character of the magnetic disturbances occurring each day were forwarded to the Comite Meteorologique International, Be Bilt, Holland. A statement describing magnetic storms, giving their time of commencement and the variations in their intensity, has been prepared quarterly and published in the Journal of Terrestrial Magnetism. In February, 1927, a general summary of the magnetic observations for 1926 was sent to the Admiralty and to various hydrographic offices and investigators. Seismology. The Observatory is equipped with a 1,000 kg. horizontal seismograph and a 180 kg. vertical seismograph, both of Wiechert design. During the year these instruments recorded 280 earthmovements, which were classified as follows : 143 instrumental, of local origin and very feeble ; 24 local, not reported felt; 16 reported felt; 56 with epicentres less than I,oookm. distant, the majority of them in the Tongan Deep ; 41 with epicentres more than 1,000 km. distant. The most severe local shock occurred on the 16th March, 1926, at 6"08, local time, with an intensity at least 4 on the Rossi-Forel scale, 1-10. The seismograph was slightly damaged and temporarily put out of action. The wiring of the time-recording circuit had become so corroded that the entire circuit had to be rewired in September, taking almost a fortnight, during which no records were obtained.

5—A. 4.

33

A.-4

The seismological data for the year ending 31st December have been published, and reports sent to about eighty seismic stations. At the request of Science Service, radio reports of all large earthquakes occurring in the South Pacific are sent at its expense to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Washington, D.C. Meteorology. There are five main divisions in the meteorological work : (1) Routine observations at Apia ; (2) upper-air investigations with pilot balloons ; (3) atmospheric electricity ; (4) solar radiation ; and (5) supervision of weather stations in Samoa and other islands. Routine Observations at Apia. At the Observatory continuous records were obtained of temperature, barometric pressure, rainfall, humidity, and sunshine. A resume of these data is here given :• —

A cyclone passed through the Samoan Group on the Ist January, 1926. The barometer at Apia fell to 29-14 in., and the wind in gusts had a velocity exceeding seventy-five miles an hour. The cyclone originated near the Union Islands within 8° of the Equator, and at the latitude of Apia was about 300 miles in diameter with a calm area in the centre of about 10 to 15 miles. The whole disturbance moved south-south-east at the rate of fifteen miles per hour. On the 31st March a second cyclone centre passed close to Upolu with approximately the same path as that of the Ist January. Fortunately the wind-gusts were not so violent at Apia in the March cyclone, although earlier in the Union Group, and later on in the Cook Group, the storm was much more destructive. The damage to vegetation caused by the January cyclone was increased by the unusual dry weather and bright sunshine which occurred during the following month. The annual rainfall was 103-57 in.—3-28 in. below the normal, largely through deficiencies in January, February, and May. The mean temperature was 79-76° F.—l-28° F. above normalindicating that the slow increase in temperature since 1890 is still in progress. A Dines anemometer, which has been needed for some time, was ordered in June, 1926. The 1924 annual report was received from the printers in the last quarter of 1926. Owing to unavoidable delays in publishing statistics, a monthly meteorological report is cyclostyled and sent to eighty institutions and investigators. Upper-air Investigation. A total of eighty-three small rubber balloons inflated with hydrogen were sent up during the year ; thirty-four of these were observed to heights greater than 10 km., and one to an extreme altitude of 28-0 km. (17 miles). The observations have shown that the trade winds on an average reach 5-5 km. (3-4 miles), a height somewhat greater than had at first been believed. Above the trade-winds are the eastward-moving antitrades, which seem to have their maximum velocity about 11 km. (6-7 miles). At the request of the Australian Air Force a resume of the data obtained in regard to winds during the past three years was prepared for their guidance in the proposed flight to Samoa in November, 1926. Atmospheric Electricity. The measurement of the electrical potential of the atmosphere has been continued throughout 1926 at both the station in the Observatory grounds and at the station erected above the waters of the lagoon about half a mile from shore. These stations, giving simultaneous records, not only afford a useful check on each other, but provide data on the effects produced by a unique maritime exposure. An article giving the results already obtained was published in the Journal of Terrestrial Magnetism, September, 1926.

34

Temperature Extremes. Barometer . Month of 1926. j Mean Sunshine. Humidity. Rainfall. High. Low. Values " °F. °F. Inches. Hours. Per Cent. Inches. January . . . . .. 905 71-1 29-76 1954 83-1 10-94 February .. .. .. 89-2 75-0 29-75 129-3 84-8 9-85 March .. .. .. 85-2 75-9 29-79 138-1 87-5 15-79 April .. .. .. 88-2 69-8 29-86 173-9 83-1 5-30 May .. .. .. 88-5 70-9 29-87 255-7 83-6 1-24 June .. .. .. 89-4 67-3 29-90 222-2 81-9 5-84 July .. .. .. 87-4 67-5 29-89 247-6 82-4 4-55 August .. .. .. 88-3 70-2 29-93 240-7 80-4 3-80 September .. .. .. 87-6 71-3 29-91 234-9 82-0 3-32 October .. .. .. 88-0 66-2 29-86 260-7 83-2 6-87 November .. .. .. 87-8 72-3 29-82 176-6 86-0 14-20 December .. .. .. 88-5 72-5 29-82 174-7 85-6 21-87 Totals and Means .. 88-22 70-83 29-847 2449-8 83-63 103-57

A.—4,

Solar Radiation. The solar radiation has been measured on all clear days on a Gorczynski pyrheliometer. The International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics awarded Apia a second pyrheliometer, which arrived in June, 1926. Unfortunately, the instrument was so baclly broken in shipping that it had to be returned to the makers, necessitating a long delay before experiments can be undertaken. The measurements have so far been limited to the whole spectrum, but it is hoped that before long it will be possible to investigate the energy-distribution in the spectrum. Outside Stations. A valuable station has been established at Fakaofo, Union Islands, latitude 9-4° S., longitude 171'2° W., which sends a daily weather report to Apia. Since numerous cyclonic disturbances have originated near the Union Group, which later proved destructive, this new station should afford better opportunity for giving warning of the approach of cyclones to islands in higher latitudes. The South Pacific weather-report system, for which Apia Observatory is the co-ordinating centre, includes the following stations : Papeete, Tahiti; Avarua, Rarotonga ; Niue ; Nukualofa and Yavau, Tonga ; Suva, Fiji; Norfolk Island; and Ocean Island. During the dry season a wireless report from these stations is broadcasted by the local wireless station at 10 p.m., and an additional report is broadcasted at noon during the wet season. These reports are now published in the New Zealand newspapers. Weather report stations of the third order have been established in the Gilbert and Ellice Groups ; Haapai, Tonga ; and Atafu, Union Islands. In Samoa rain reports are received from nine stations. Miscellaneous Activities. A time signal was given to the Post Office Department daily at 9 a.m., and to the Harbourmaster weekly, for firing the gun at noon on Saturdays. The Observatory standard clock was rated by twenty transit observations and by • the Malabar wireless time signal. Seven chronometer ratings were given gratis to shipmasters. All ships calling at Apia were encouraged during their subsequent voyage to throw over bottles containing drift papers. Forty drift papers were afterwards found and returned, of which seventeen had floated distances greater than one thousand miles. Continuous records of the diurnal variation of the tide have been obtained throughout the year at the lagoon station referred to in connection with atmospheric electricity. The tide records, after partial reduction, have been forwarded to the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey for final analysis of the tidal components. FINANCE. Revenue. The statement hereunder shows the amount of revenue received during the financial year ended 31st. March, 1927, including a subsidy contributed by the New Zealand Government. There is also shown, for purposes of comparison, the revenue for the preceding financial year

Note.—Under item 1 is included a Native medical levy of £1 per adult male Samoan, which produced the sum of £7,292. The poll-tax of £1 4s. and £1, for chiefs and men respectively, realized £9,140.

35

Head of Revenue. 1925-26. 1926-27. £ £ 1. Native taxes .. .. .. .. .. .. 20,032 17,849 2. Customs, taxes, and Marine — (а) Customs and taxes .. .. .. .. .. 76,730 64,923 (б) Harbour Department .. .. .. .. .. 2,488 2,398 (e) S.S. " Lady Roberts" .. .. .. .. 3,585 1,752 3. Pees and charges (Court, hospital, &c.) .. .. .. 8,149 11,988 4. Post Office and Savings-bank .. .. .. .. 5,379 6,441 5. Radio station .. .. .. .. .. .. 5,441 2,970 6. Miscellaneous (rents, interest, &c.) .. .. .. .. 6,834 5,491 7. Subsidy, New Zealand Government .. .. .. .. 21,400 20,000 Totals .. .. .. .. .. .. 150,038 ' 133,812

A.—4.

The subsidy to the Samoan revenue from the New Zealand Government is based on the additional cost due to the extension of the medical and educational services in the interests of the Native population. This year the total revenue is £16,226 less than last year, the'main difference being under bead 11, " Customs, taxes, and Marine " (£11,807), which in 1925-26 was abnormally high. Expenditure. The ordinary expenditure for the year ended 31st March, 1927, is as shown hereunder, the figures for the previous year also being given for purposes of comparison

Direct Native Revenue and Expenditure. The revenue derived directly from the Native population, and the amounts expended directly thereon, during the year may be stated approximatelv as follows : — £ (а) Revenue directly from the Natives .. .. .. .. 20,104 (б) Expenditure directly on the Natives ~ .. ~ . .. 71,308 These amounts may be set out in greater detail as hereunder :— (a) Revenue directly from the Natives, 1926-27. . Native taxes (poll-tax, medical levy, fines, gun and dog taxes, water rates, £ travelling-passes, marriage fees), (actual) .. .. .. .. 17,849 Lands and Titles Commission fees .. .. .. .. .. 155 Court fees, fines (say) .. .. .. .. .. . . 600 Licenses and fees (boat, motor, &c.), (say) .. .. .. .. 500- ■; T Postal revenue (say) .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,000 £20,104 The amount shown under Native taxes is short this year, as portion of the medical levy did not come in until April. In addition to the above, the Natives,, along with other sections of the community, contribute indirectly to the revenue through the purchase of goods on which import duty is charged. A reliable estimate of this is, however, difficult to assess. The total receipts under the heading of import dues amounted to £42,742 for the year.

36

Head of Expenditure. 1925-26. 1926-27. - " j £ £ 1. Permanent charges .. .. .. .. . . 6,385 7,221 2. Administrator, Government House, and Legislature .. .. 4,934 4,857 3. Secretariat .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,394 2,147 4. Native Affairs Department— (a) Upolu and general .. .. .. .. .. 10,244 9,603 (b) Savai'i Section .. .. .. .. .. 6,495 6,324 5. Treasury and Audit .. .. .. .. .. 2,118 2,184 6. Customs, taxes, and Marine — (a) Customs and taxes .. .. .. .. .. 2,636 2,709 (b) Harbour Department .. .. .. .. 3,769 3,904 (c) S.S. " Lady Roberts" .. .. .. .. 3,812 3,651 7. Justice Department .. .. .. .. .. 2,650 2,854 8. Police and Prisons Department .. .. .. .. 7,969 8,220 9. Health Department .. .. .. .. .. 25,762 25,912 JO. Agriculture Department .. .. .. .. .. 3,187 3,760 11. Chinese Department .. .. .. .. .. 1,640 1,720 12. Post Office and Savings-bank .. .. .. .. J 4,951 5,654 13. Radio-station .. .. .. .. .. .. 6,731 4,702 14. Education Department . . . . . . .. . . 9,131 9,688 15. Miscellaneous .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,952 13,712 16. Lands and Survey Department .. .. .. .. 2,372 2,872 17. Public Works Department (general and maintenance). . . . 17.668 14,980 18. Public Works Department (new works) .. .. . . 8.887 5,036 Totals .. .. .. .. .. .. 145,687 141,710

A.-4

(b) Expenditure directly on the Natives, 1926-27. 1) Payments directly to Natives:— Salaries and wages— £ Native Affairs Department: Samoan staff and officials—Upolu, £5,038; Savai'i, £3,393 .. .. .. .. ..8,431 Other departments : Samoan staff — Police, Education, Harbour, Medical, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11,760 Casual labour (approximate) employed by —Public Works Department, £6,500 ; Engineering Department, £1,500 ; various (say) £500 .. 8,500 (2) Payments directly on behalf of Natives :— Native Affairs Department— Salaries, European staff, Native Affairs Department (Upolu, £2,089 ; Savai'i, £1,675) ~ .. .. .. .. .. 3,764 Cost printing Native Gazette .. .. .. .. .. 333 Fono expenses '(Native Parliament) .. .. .. .. 945 Land and Titles Commission expenses .. .. .. .. 2 Travelling-expenses, Native Department .. .. .. .. 792 Entertainment of Samoans .. .. .. .. .. 126 Dog-collars and dog-tax bonus .. .. .. .. .. 40 Clothing, rations, &c., for messengers .. .. .. .. 216 Stationery, &c. .. .. .. . . .. .. 790 Police and Prisons Department— Salaries, European staff (part) .. .. .. .. .. 2,000 Rations, clothing, utensils, &c. .. .. .. .. .. 953 Medical Department— Salaries, European staff (part) .. .. .. . . .. 7,000 Samoan Lepers Account (Fiji) .. .. .. .. .. 902 Rations for patients .. . . .. .. .. .. 832 Transport and travelling-expenses (say) .. .. .. .. 800 Dental subsidy .. .. .. .. .. .. 180 Drugs, &c. (say) .. .. .. .. .. .. 2,500 Education Department—• Salaries, European staff (part) .. .. .. . . .. 3,500 Food-supplies, &c. .. .. .. .. .. .. 361 Expenses, vocational classes, &c. .. .. .. . . 745 Travelling and transport expenses .. .. . . .. 570 Expenses, Grade II schools .. .. .. .. .. 286 Avele Agricultural School expenses .. .. .. • .. 168 Public Works DepartmentNew buildings, &c., at Avele .. .. .. .. .. 590 School extension, Yaipouli .. .. .. .. .. 766 Native water-supplies .. .. .. .. .. 13,240 New fales at Mulinuu and hospital .. .. .. .. 216 £71,308 In addition, considerable payments are made to the Natives for supplies, such as coral for roads, thatches, &c„, for fales : and charges such as maintenance of roads, bridges, and buildings, part salaries of other Departments not mentioned above, &c., may be considered as applicable to the Natives. The expenditure of the Agricultural Department is to a great extent for the benefit of Samoans generally. Public-works Programme ex Loan-money. Up to the 31st March, 1926, the sum of £120,000 had been borrowed from the New Zealand Government, on a thirty-years loan, at 5 per cent, interest and 1 per cent, sinking fund. This has all been expended on public works ; and of the new loan of £48,000, as mentioned in last year's report, £31,000 has been drawn and expended as follows Estimates, Head XIX, 1926-27. £ s. d. 2. Native water-supplies .. .. .. .. .. 13,240 8 2 3. New wharf at Customs .. .. .. .. .. 6,104 0 2 4. New roads, Upolu .. .. .. .. .. 6,638 13 0 5. New bridges, and buildings, Upolu .. .. .. .. 2,708 2 0 6. New roads and bridges, Savai'i .. .. .. .. 1,440 6 7 7. New wharf, " Tivoli " .. .. .. .. .. 503 13 11 8. New telephone system .. .. .. .. .. 53 17 6 £30,689 1 4 The balance of £17,000 will probably be called up and expended during 1927-28.

37

A.—4

The following table gives a comparison between the revenue and the expenditure of the Territory over a period of five years :—

Statement of Cubeent Assets and Liabilities on 31st Maeoti, 1927. Assets. £ s. d. Liabilities. £ s. d" Cash in hand and at bank .. .. 541 2 5 Reserves .. .. .. .. 24,562 0 6 Imprests .. .. .. .. 95 0 0 Deposits .. .. .. .. 15,552 4 4 Advances .. .. .. .. 9,357 15 9 Currency notes .. .. .. 45,000 0 0 Unallocated stores, public works, &c. .. 20,294 0 8 Loan Account, New Zealand Government Plant, buildings, and machinery .. 3,740 0 0 under section 26, Finance Act, 1921-22, Loans—Public Works Account .. 130,689 1 4 and section 33, Samoa Act, 1921 .. 131,000 0 0 Public Works Loan Redemption Fund Chinese Accounts—-Repatriation costs .. 3,692 311 Investment Account .. .. 6,343 10 9 Advances .. .. .. .. 8,000 0 0 S.S. " Lady Roberts " —Capital costs .. 4,050 0 0 Surplus and Deficit Account—Balance at Suspense (various) .. .. .. 2,966 2 1 31st March, 1927 .. .. .. 7,060 4 3 Investments—New Zealand Government debentures and inscribed stock .. 56,790 0 0 £234,866 13 0 £234,866 13 0 Note.—Regarding assets, these accounts do not include the value of land, buildings, and other real property under the control of the Administration belonging to the Mandated Territory, or book debts, departmental stocks (except as shown), furniture and equipment (house and office), horse transport, &c., paid for out of revenue in previous years. The following figures show to what extent the New Zealand Government has assisted the Territory financially : — Y ear. £ 1921-22. Gift (Public Works Account) .. .. .. .. 25,000 do. Subsidy (Health and Education) .. .. .. .. 16,000 1922-23. Subsidy (Health and Education) .. .. .. .. 16,000 1923-24. Subsidy (Health and Education) .. .. .. .. 16,000 do. Special: (Health and Education) .. .. .. .. 6,000 1924-25. Subsidy (Health and Education) . . . . . . . . 18,000 do. (Special: Radio-station) .. .. .. .. .. 1,140 1925-26. Subsidy (Health and Education) .. .. .. .. 20,000 do. (Special: Radio-station) .. .. .. .. .. 1,400 1926-27. Subsidy (Health and Education) .. .. .. .. 20,000 139,540 Also certain sundry items, viz : — Grant re cost exhibit at Wembley .. .. .. .. .. 300 Grant re costs Samoa census .. .. .. .. .. 100 Grant re costs New Zealand Exhibition . . .. . . . . 200 £140,140 Besides this, the New Zealand Government has paid the expenses, while in New Zealand, of a party of Samoans on two occasions. Samoan Post Office and Savings-bank. This is a very flourishing institution, as the following statements as at the 31st March, 1927, will show :— Assets. £ s. d. Liabilities. £ s. d. Cash in hand .. .. .. 100 0 0 Deposits (including interest, £1,679 Cash in bank — os. lid., for year) .. .. .. 45,834 5 4 Fixed deposit .. .. .. 2,000 0 0 Suspense, New Zealand .. .. 527 19 9 Current account .. .. .. 3,607 5 1 Investments : New Zealand Government, 31st December, 1926 .. .. 40,655 0 0 £46,362 5 1 £46,362 5 1

38

Revenue including Year. j Subsidy from New Zealand: Ordinary Expenditure. Government. £ S. d. £ s. d. 1923-24 .. .. .. .. .. 133,917 2 7 143,010 3 7 1924-25 .. .. .. .. .. 130,914 7 8 135,523 18 9 1925-26 .. .. .. .. .. 150,038 13 1 145,687 17 4 1926-27 .. .. .. .. .. 133,812 18 9 141,710 4 6 1927-28* .. .. .. .. .. 133,000 0 0 133,000 0 0 * Estimates only.

A.—4

Statement re Depositors' Accounts. £ s. d. £ s. d. Balance at Ist April, 1926 .. .. 46,364 6 4 Withdrawals during year .. .. 37,440 11 11 Deposits in year .. .. .. 35,231 10 0 Balance, 31st March, 1927 .. .. 45,834 5 4 Interest for year .. .. .. i, 679 011 £83,274 17 3 £83,274 17 3 PUBLIC TRUST OFFICE. This year indicates that the Public Trust Office is now on a much more definite basis than it has been, and all the work which has been coming in is of a much more permanent nature. Of course, it is to be understood that the measure of the value of this office to the community is not in the profit which may be made, but in the actual benefit to the people in having experts to deal with their affairs at a reasonable price. During the year, several new estates have come in, and are being attended to in the ordinary way. OFFICIAL ASSIGNEE. It may be said that the year 1926 makes a turning-point in local business methods. Three persons were made bankrupt during the year, and the estate of one other was assigned to the Official Assignee with the consent of the creditors. It was pointed out years ago that the local credit system was quite a hopeless one for any up-to-date business, and this fact has been forced on the local merchants, so that they are now taking active steps to see that matters are rectified. AUDIT. During the year almost all of the Departments of the Administration were thoroughly overhauled and the audit brought up to date. In this connection it is hoped the work in future will be greatly reduced owing to the improvements effected in the various systems and the fact that everything is thoroughly up-to-date. STAFF. Careful attention continues to be given to the question of staffing the various Departments, having regard to the service required of them by the public.

WIRELESS DEPARTMENT. Statements covering the year's radio traffic handled by Apia Radio, quoted below, compare favourably with the previous year, the revenue resulting being practically the same as for 1926. The plant, with the exception of the battery, which will require renewing within the next year, can be considered in first-class order. In keeping with the latest practice, short wave-length transmission and reception (20-40 metres) is being utilized, with a resultant decrease in delay sometimes occasioned to traffic through static on higher wave-lengths, and also a saving in maintenance costs. Staff. Apia Radio. —This is the same in number as last year, but instead of the operators (four) being wholly officials,from New Zealand, with the excej>tion of one these have now been replaced by local boys who have been trained on the station.

39

Staff as at 31st March, Department. 1 1924. 1925. 1926. 1927. Administrator ...... 2 1 1 1 Secretariat .. .. .. .. 4 6 5 5 Agriculture .. .. .. .. 5 5 5 6 Chinese (now Labour Department) 2 2 2 2 Customs and Harbour .... 6 8 8 9 Education .. .. .. . . 9 9 13 13 Justice .. .. .. .. 3 3 3 3 Lands and Survey ...... 4 6 7 6 Public Works .. .. .. 5 5 9 11 Medical .. .. .. .. 25 23 24 I 26 Native Affairs .. .. .. 4 4 4' j 4 Police and Prisons .. .. . . 7 6 7 6 • Postal .. .. .. .. 4 4 4 4Resident Commissioner's Office, Sava-i'i 4 4 5 4 Stores .. .. .. .. 2 4 3 Treasury .. .. .. .. 3 4 4 4 Radio-station ...... 8 8 8 7 Miscellaneous .. .. .. 1 1 Grand totals for Administration Depart- 98 103 113 111 ments

A.—4

Out-stations. —Native boys attend to the working of the five outstations, and, on account of the short time they are required to be in attendance for exchange of radio traffic, an arrangement has been made with the Education Department whereby these boys do part-time teaching in the nearby schools. Instructional Classes. Classes in wireless instruction are being continued, one comprising local-born boys and one of Native boys. This is to ensure that no break in the staff will take place should any of the boys now doing duty for any reason require replacing. New Outstations. Complete installations for the transmission and reception of radio traffic, along the same lines as those previously installed at Fagamalo, Aleipata, and Tuasivi, have been installed and put into operation at Fakaofo (Tokelau Islands) and Salailua (Island of Savai'i). A Samoan boy is doing duty at Fakaofo until such time as a Tokelau Native who is undergoing training is qualified.

Details of Radio-telegraphic Business transacted at Apia Radio for the Year ended 31st March, 1927.

Details of Engine-running, Oil-consumption, etc., 1926-27.

40

Totals for Year. Totals for Year. — Value. : Value. Messages. Words. Messages. Words. £ s. d. £ s. d. Transmits .. 8,487 77,747 1,943 8 6 Fagamalo— New Zealand .. Forwarded .. 280 4,372 36 18 9 Forwarded .. 2,011 21,352 528 16 0 Received .. 286 4,021 33 9 3 Received .. 1,289 12,702 321 10 6 Tuasivi _ SU^ a_ a a S70 q Q99 fi o 1fi « Forwarded.. 144 1,979 16 8 1 Received 0 !! 659 I'S 162 IS 0 " 1% 2 ' 791 23 6 2 Pago Pago — Aleipata — Forwarded .. 295 4,153 54 4 9 Forwarded.. 100 1,316 10 19 2 Received .. 596 6,820 110 5 9 Received .. 95 1,474 12 5 8 Ships — Salailua — Forwarded .. 94 1,311 33 5 0 Forwarded.. 43 544 4 10 8 Received .. 138 1,754 43 18 6 Received .. 58 1,079 8 19 10 Rarotonga — . . Forwarded .. 6 82 2 1 a^ ao °~~ Received .. 4 76 1 18 0 Forwarded.. 33 706 1 Nukualofa— Received .. 63 1,370 11 8 4 Forwarded .. 36 316 7 17 6 Ocean Ialand — Received .. 31 281 7 0 6 Forwarded .. 1 10 0 5 0 Papeete— NauruForwarded .. 16 135 3 7 6 Forwarded 1 16 0 8 0 Received .. 9 55 1 7 6 Niue —• 1 Press — Forwarded .. 10 117 2 18 6 Received .. .. 150,000 Received ... 5 87 2 3 6 Forwarded . . . . 60,000 Total number of messages received and forwarded, 15,358; total number of words received and forwarded, 376,511 ; total amount earned by Apia Radio, £3,476 5s. Id.

I I ! M , Total n Mont % . I Constmption Month. ■ u • m-„ l Consumption 01 ; Engine-running Time. J Crude Oil. per 1926. Hrs. Min. Gallons. Gallons. April .. .. .. .. .. 110 0 254 2-3 May .. .. .. .. .. 95 15 290 3-0 June .. ., .. .. .. 98 30 241 2-4 July .. .. .. .. .. 103 15 261 2-5 August .. .. .. .. 91 0 263 2-8 September . . . . .. . . 89 10 218 2-45 October .. .. .. .. 101 35 263 2'6 November .. .. .. .. 103 55 246 2-3 December .. .. .. . . 119 35 267 2-3 1927. January .. .. .. .. 99 25 221 2-25 February .. .. .. .. 86 15 202 2-3 March .. .. .. .. 87 20 203 2-3

A.—4,

APPENDIX. (1) Administrator's Warning to the People of Samoa (see page 4). I regret to inform the people that, owing to the Natives being drawn into the recent political meeting, misunderstandings have occurred, and the Natives are unsettled on certain matters. Being Administrator of these islands and personally responsible for the peace, order, and good government of the country, I consider a serious error has been made in asking the Samoans to discuss politics which affect only the Europeans. Freedom of speech and honest criticism of the Government are not barred in any way ; they are British privileges to which no exception can be taken. Unwarranted attacks, however, on the Faipules, the leaders of the Samoan race, cannot be passed over by me without it being misunderstood by the Natives. I wish certain persons to clearly understand that. The effect of bringing the Natives into the European political arena is unwise and likely to cause trouble. It is a simple matter to upset a Native race which is composed of many factions, like the Samoan race, and I ask Europeans not to do it. If you persist, you are doing a thing unheard-of in the annals of colonial administration, and are almost certain to discredit the European community in the eyes of the outside world. The inevitable result must be to disturb the peace, order, and good government of the Territory. Every person knows what that means. I ask the Europeans to confine themselves to those matters which concern them, and to leave alone those matters which concern them not. To the Natives, I wish to inform them that they have the fullest freedom to bring their complaints before the Government by the proper channels. I cannot, nor can the New Zealand Government, receive complaints from the Natives save those coming through their own properly constituted channels, such as the District Councils and Fono of Faipule. Every Native can rest assured of the fullest hearing and the utmost consideration in any matter brought forward in the proper way. Chief and Taulelea are treated alike, and both have the same rights of redress for injuries as Europeans. I ask the Natives to refrain further from co-operating with the Europeans in their agitation on certain matters which do not concern the Samoans. I wish all people here to clearly understand that I do not approve of a political meeting which mixes Native politics with European politics, as its tendency must be to disturb the peace, order, and good government of the Natives. (2) Report of the "European Committee" on Native Afpairs (see page 4). It does not require a student of Native affairs in Samoa to note and be struck by the inconsistency of the Government's Native policy. Nor does it need the experience of an old resident to know that such a proud and highly intelligent race as the Samoan would not tolerate the existing anomalies without resentment. The Faipule, which were elected or selected by the districts in the Samoan way in former Samoan Governments, are now, after twenty-six years of colonial rule, still nominated by the Administrator in such a way that not one of them could offer any actual opposition to Government policy without the fear of losing his job. The two Fautuas representing the high chiefs of Samoa have never been called upon to perform the functions of the office which their designation implies—viz., " adviser " : thus the office has become a sinecure when valuable service might have been obtained from it. The Legislative Council now operates the limited legislative powers granted to the Territory, and three representatives of the Europeans are elected to it; but though the matter of Native representation has been introduced in the Council by the elected members on more than one occasion it has been turned down on every occasion by the Government majority, on the plea that the Faipule claim the Samoan to be represented only in the Faipule. For a nominated Council, such as the Faipule, to be asked to decide on such a momentous question as the political advancement of the Natives its a question which may well excite resentment in the Natives, and needs no further comment. It may, however, be mentioned here that the Faipule are not only Government officials or Civil servants, but are looked upon as such by the Natives. The Faipule have lately been vested with a large amount of administrative and executive powers in the districts, which they have exercised in a manner only worthy of the old feudal system. Since the inauguration of mandatory rule the slogan almost shouted from the housetops has been that " the primary duties of the Mandatory Power are the welfare and political advancement of the indigenous population " ; yet one has no difficulty in finding measures to the contrary. Offences which would havij satisfied the High# Court in the issue of a warning, or at most the payment of a monetary fine by a European, have on several occasions caused the loss to a Native (including some of the highest chiefs) of his citizen's rights, the removal of his hereditary family name, and banishment from his native village. The village to which such Native is banished is alleged to be the one to which he belongs on another branch of his genealogical tree. As the genealogy of a Samoan chief is a sacred matter which may not be referred to by any one else with impunity, and the fact that the Administrator could not have even made the allegation without obtaining the information from a Samoan source, insult is indeed added to injury. A tax of one pound (£1) per annum per adult male is imposed on the Samoan Native for medical services. This has been objected to and protested against from its very inception. With the exception of a few districts who have access to a Medical Officer, the most of the Natives can only bring serious cases to the hospital, and that is often fraught with danger in transportation. The proof of the unpopularity of the medical tax is the fact that the strongest protests against it come from the

6—A. 4.

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Natives of the Apia district, who live in the vicinity of the main hospital in the Territory. The Natives prefer, and rightly so, to pay for medical comforts as they receive them. They still pay for same from the chemists and others in spite of the medical tax. The campaign against yaws, hookworm, and other endemic diseases can well be a charge on the general revenue of the country. The cost of such a campaign is, however, more than exceeded by the generous contribution by the New Zealand Government to the Medical Department of Samoa. The Natives themselves would even be prepared to pay a reasonable charge for treatment if such were necessary. The medical tax is arbitrary, and should be repealed. The abolition of time-honoured customs of the Samoan Natives had resulted in utter disregard of the law. This is the natural outcome of all laws imposed arbitrarily or prematurely on any people. Through the Faipule the " fine-mat" custom—one which Samoans still honour and respect —has been disallowed. The celebration of marriages, the ceremony of the installation of chiefs, and even the honour paid to the dead, have all been controlled and curtailed. These restrictions, if adhered to, would cut so vitally into the prestige of the chiefs, not to say anything of " the liberty of the subject," that they are being disobeyed on every hand. The trade in fine mats particularly is going on to such an extent that if the biblical test of the guiltless casting the first stone were again made not even the most law-abiding Faipule (who are said to be responsible for the restriction) could conscientiously cast one stone. Nevertheless, these uncalled-for measures are a usurpation of the right of the Samoan people, and they recognize the danger of the opportunities thus given all and sundry to break the law. By a stroke of the pen, or the emanation of a brainwave, yet another very grave injustice was perpetrated on the long-suffering Samoan Native. An order was given that all Samoans living in and around Apia, other than those who were born in the district, must return forthwith to their own villages. This was followed by imprisonments and other harsh acts, which practically no other but the docile Samoan would have tolerated. The undertaking by New Zealand of the mandate over Samoa placed upon her a solemn obligation to conduct the affairs of the Territory in a manner conducive to the best interests of the inhabitants as a whole, and more especially of the indigenous population. Settlers, residents (and especially the British) who have made their homes in these islands, must find it their sacred duty to at least protest against these injustices to the Samoan Natives, whose welfare and advancement are identical with their own best interests as well as to their ideas of democratic government. (3) Statement by the Fono op Faipules (December, 1926), (see page 4). Toelupe: I have been requested by the Fono to present to Your Excellency our Address in Reply, as follows :— We are indeed a happy gathering in this present Fono. It is the best Fono yet held, in our opinion, because of the many things revealed to us for our country's good. We heartily thank you and wish to record that we still trust Your Excellency, and our hearts are steadfast in the belief that you are steering our boat to the country that is called Prosperity. Our hearts witness that our country is on the advance. Any words of mine are quite inadequate to express our confidence in your love and faithful leadership. We are the representatives of all the Samoan race in this country of Samoa, and have sworn allegiance to the flag of Great Britain, and we are faithful still and record our desire to obey His Majesty the King and his representative in Samoa—Your Excellency. We fear God, and are trying to give our lives for our country. We are not working for ourselves but for our country of Samoa. I wish to pass in quick review our progress since the beginning of the British administration of this Territory of Samoa, and later I shall refer to the pamphlet issued by a committee of Europeans in Apia. A few years ago there came to this country our first British Administrator and a contingent of soldiers, when the German flag was floating over us. The British flag was hoisted in place of the German flag, and Great Britain took over the country. We noticed the love and faithfulness of the Administrator for our country, but not long after an epidemic broke out and many Samoans died at that time. Aiono and myself, representing the Faipules, went to him and told him of our dissatisfaction. The Administrator replied that there was no blame attachable to human beings, but that it was the will of Providence. We replied that that did not satisfy us, and we wanted to know who was responsible for bringing the ship and the epidemic to the shores of Samoa. In due time he left and was succeeded by the second Administrator, in whose time there was also some dissatisfaction at one stage, and the Administrator called me, through the Secretary of Native Affairs, who asked me if the Samoans had had things suggested to them by Europeans causing dissatisfaction. I replied, Yes, we had met some Europeans who had suggested things to us, but the sentiments I was expressing were from my own heart. It is true we recognized our firs? Administrator's love for us, and there is only one thing we remember against him, the epidemic. They were difficult days. We were not satisfied, as the Samoan race had no legalized status or recognized place or say in the government of the country. The Administrator's reply was that he did not quite understand our complaint, because we had the Fono of Faipules. We replied to him and asked him what would be the situation if another Governor came to Samoa—how would we stand if he wished to do away with the Fono of Faipules. And we requested him to take action to have our Fono properly recognized by New Zealand, with a place in the Constitution. Much discussion took place, and Samoa was discontented ; but we maintained out position that the Fono of Faipules be written in the Constitution and have a permanently recognized place and powers in the administration of the Territory. Later the Administrator understood our complaint, and replied, The Fono of Faipules will be recognized by the New Zealand Government in the Samoan Constitution, and no one shall be able to abolish it. In those days we spoke to the Administrator about the loan from New Zealand, and

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discussed it with him. The Administrator explained that Samoa would not be unduly burdened with debt, but the situation was that there was 110 money in Samoa, and if we needed any New Zealand would help. If later New Zealand heard that Samoa was in any difficulty over it New Zealand would wipe it out. Your Excellency then came to Samoa, and we are now together. From the first we noticed that you quickly understood us and our ways and customs. We also quickly understood your wishes for us, your love for us and our country. We saw at once that you did not place first your own high position, but willingly condescended to our level in order to understand us. This greatly surprised us, and we thought that no previous Governor was as yourself in so quickly understanding our language and our customs. Your Excellency's orders issued were recognized as for our benefit, and your exhortations were that we should try and get wisdom to enable us to some day govern ourselves. We put our confidence in those words, and we recognize that you have builded on the true foundation of the Samoan Government—the Fono of Faipules. We were surprised to receive the invitation from New Zealand for some Faipules to visit New Zealand, and have repeated again and again how happy we are at New Zealand's governing us. Doubtless it will be under New Zealand's leadership that we obtain wisdom to enable us to govern ourselves. Our plea to New Zealand is that Your Excellency may be permitted to spend all the rest of your life with us in Samoa. To-day Samoa is advancing. Had previous Governors done what you have for us we should have gone further ahead before this. Our foundation is now assured—the Fono of Faipules. We thank New Zealand for their help. We thank Your Excellency for much that you have done for us. We rejoice that the plantations of the Germans were taken over by New Zealand and the proceeds used for the benefit of Samoa. Our ship is forging ahead. " Malo le 'pale, faafetai tautai." Our roads have been made good ; we have electric light, water-supplies, schools, and wireless stations. More than that, your orders urging men to work and not waste their time wandering about Apia are acceptable, and we are working our lands. There was nothing to tell the Governor-General on his recent visit except our gratitude, and at that time we did not know of a single person here who was not quite happy and content. We thus were surprised to hear nowadays of any complaint or dissatisfaction, and on our inquiring carefully into the matter as to why some were not happy we discovered, and are now sure after investigation, that a European committee has stirred up some Samoans to express dissatisfaction. We notice that there is one section who has been punished, by the Government who are amongst the dissatisfied. One section was seeking for themselves positions in Government situations. One section is out to gain something from the plentiful resources of others. This is a new movement —a new thing amongst us. This European committee is urging that Samoans should seek a new place for themselves. But Samoa already has a place and standing as given by New Zealand. Our history shows that Europeans stirring up the Natives have been our continual hindrance. Our country has at times been divided owing to some of the Europeans long resident in this country trying to take sides with a section of the community. They promise us vaguely the manuia, but they do not go about it in the right way or respectfully. We notice in their paper that they are trying to cause discontent in our peaceful little country and belittle the New Zealand Government. They have come here to this country for their own monetary advantage, and they have got their wealth from us. They came here with one suit of clothes. We are certain that we do not want Europeans to mix in our political affairs, but you have continually urged us to maintain friendly relations with Europeans and to refrain from interfering in their affairs. We may be a small country, but we are a respectful country, and we show respect to Europeans no matter what their country — without any question we receive them all into our fales and show due respect and hospitality as far as we are able, but some of them are not returning this respect. In the Samoan Native affairs those Europeans who have now tried to create discontent do not understand what they are talking of ; only we ourselves understand our country's history and affairs. What they have said recently proves that they do not know how to interpret our history. We who have passed through wars and years of struggling know only too well our former systems and their disadvantages. Our country is now at rest with our present system that has taken the place of former government faa-Samoa. We ourselves gave these sacred matters into the keeping of stable Government. These white people vainly use the names Malietoa and Tupua. These are sacred to us. The clan of the King makes the Government. Lufilufi and Leulumoega are the guardians of Tupua's rights, while the Tuamasaga and Pule and the Aiga-i-le-tai are the guardians of Malietoa's rights. I am. one of the guardians of the Malietoan rights. No white man has any say in such matters. We are the clan of Malietoa. We are the clan of Tupua. We represent those great families. But v»n do not wish these old feudal matters revived. They are too sacred for foreign interference. We <3'? uot wish two Faipules to be dragged into the Legislative Council. Is it these Europeans wish it for tneir own benefit—that they may have a voice in Native Samoan affairs 1 It would be useless to have two Faipules with them at their Council. How would we know what the discussions and difficult disputes were about \ Their interests are different from ours. Now we ask, cannot these people be dealt with % Is there no law to punish and stop them —- they who try to disturb our peaceful country ? We do not know what these good things are that they are promising for Samoa. It is their own wealth they are thinking of, and they will bespoil us in their attempt. Their agitation re fine mats is only so that barrels of beef may be bought from their stores in connection with fine-mat malagas. We know that they in the past meant trouble, dissension, waste time, and even war and bloodshed.

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Now Your Excellency sees that we are steadfast in our opinion. If Europeans come here and want to trade, let them do so ; but if they mingle with Samoan Native affairs and attempt to create political trouble or wish to become Samoan people, then their license to trade as Europeans should be cancelled. In their present attitude they may cause some Samoans to break the law because of their promptings. Some of our people have sworn allegiance to the British Government, and these people have caused them to break the law. We plead with your Excellency to keep on steering our ship Regarding their story of harsh administration and tyrannical punishments, it is obvious they do not know our history or our earlier Samoan customs or they would know that the present forms of punishment are accepted by us as mild and kindly administered. One thing only is in their minds —that they may increase their own wealth at our expense ; and yet they are permitted to continue this. We are not of the opinion that Samoans should be punished heavily for their part in the present situation, because they have heard beguiling stories from this committee. Had this European committee the love for us that they assert they could show us by practical means. Let them, for instance, call us together in a Fono and make known their love to us by proclaiming a reduction in the price of a bag of sugar, flour, &e., and increasing the price of our copra. We have no concern as to Europeans and their liquor, but we are determined that no strong drink will be permitted to Samoans. We know it produces war and death. I myself was told by Governor Solf of the danger and injurious effects of strong drink. The Samoan kava is sufficient for us and all our customs. Those are the subjects of our reply. We see no use for their pamphlet published this month, and we now place our opinions before Your Excellency, which we wish you to send to the New Zealand Government. QUESTIONNAIRE. I. SLAVERY. (a) 1. What measures are being taken with a view to ensuring the suppression of the slave trade ? 2. What results have been obtained ? (b) 1. Is slavery recognized legally ? 2. Does domestic or other slavery still exist ? Give statistics. 3. What are the principal causes of slavery (gambling, drink, &c.) ? 4. Is the pledging of a person recognized legally ? 5. Under what conditions can a slave get his freedom ? 6. What measures have been taken, or are being taken, to provide for the emancipation of slaves and to put an end to all slavery, domestic or otherwise ? 7. Is there any time-limit fixed for the emancipation of slaves ? If in the affirmative, how long is the period ? Last year's answers apply. 11. LABOUR. (a) 1. Have measures been taken to ensure, in accordance with Part XIII of the Treaty of Versailles, the taking into consideration of conventions or recommendations of International Labour Conferences ? 2. Are these conventions or recommendations being carried into effect ? 3. By what other provisions is free labour protected ? (b) 1. What are the measures intended to ensure the prohibition of forced labour for purposes other than essential public works and services, and what are the effective results of these measures ? 2. For what public works and services is forced Native labour required ? How is this regulated ? 3. Are there any other forms of forced labour, such as labour in lieu of taxation, maintenance of highways, &c. ? If in the affirmative, how are these regulated ? (c) 1. How is the recruiting of labour required by private enterprise organized and regulated ? Does the Administration participate in this recruiting ? 2. Does the Administration allow recruiting in the mandated area of labour for another territory ? If so, under what conditions ? 3. Is there any system of indentured (Chinese or other) labour in the Territory ? If so, what are the conditions of indenture, and what steps are being taken to provide for the moral and material well-being of the Natives of the Territory, vis-a-vis the indentured labourers ? i. What compulsory and disciplinary measures are authorized with respect to Native labour ? 5. What powers has the Administration for controlling labour contracts in order to ensure their loyal fulfilment both on the part of the employed and employer, and what powers does it possess to prevent any abuses in this respect ?

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The normal hours of work for labourers of the Stevedoring Syndicate (which has been mentioned in previous reports) are from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m., with one hour off for lunch. The rate of pay for those working on shore is ss. per diem plus one free meal, whilst those working afloat receive 6s. per diem plus one free meal. Overtime cannot be worked except with the express permission of the Administration, which is given only in special cases. In the event of overtime being worked the rate of pay is Is. 6d. per hour. The above rates apply to ordinary labourers ; the gangers receive from 12s. to 15s. per diem, with 2s. per hour for overtime. It might be pointed out that the Stevedoring Syndicate works only overseas vessels, and, taking an average throughout the year, this represents about one week's work per month. There is no real necessity for Natives to seek paid employment should thev not wish to do so, as all Natives can meet their ordinary requirements and necessities by cultivating their family lands. Forced labour does not exist, and section 366 of the Samoa Act, 1921, safeguards contracts entered into by Samoans. Last year's answers are applicable to all other questions. 111. ARMS TRAFFIC. 1. What measures are being adopted to control traffic in arms and ammunition ? 2. What are the statistics relating to imports of arms and ammunition of different categories ? 1. The Arms Ordinance, 1921, prohibits the importation or sale of arms or ammunition, except under permit and license. All owners of firearms must hold a license. There is no illicit sale or smuggling of arms or ammunition. Only single-barrelled, smooth-bore shot-guns are licensed to Natives for pigeon and pig shooting for food-supplies. No rifles or revolvers whatsoever are licensed to Natives. 2. The following are the details of importation of arms and ammunition of every description :— Arms — Double-barrelled breech-loading sporting shot-guns .. .. .. 7 Single-barrel breech-loading sporting shot-guns .. . . .. .. 134 •22-calibre sporting-rifles .. .. .. .. .. .. 9 •38-calibre sporting-rifle .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 •300-calibre sporting-rifle .. .. .. * .. .. .. 1 Ammunition— 12-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. ..(rounds) 53,000 16-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. .. „ 39,000 20-bore shot cartridges . . . . .. .. .. .. „ 10,000 32-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. .. ~ 1,200 410-bore shot cartridges .. .. .. .. .. „ 10,000 •44-calibre ball cartridges .. .. .. .. .. ~ 250 •38-calibre ball cartridges .. .. .. .. .. ~ 250 Sporting gunpowder .. .. .. .. .. .. (lb.) 550 Sporting bird-shot .. .. .. .. .. ~ (cwt.) 23 Percussion caps .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16,000 Chinese fire-crackers .. .. .. .. .. .. (cases) 49 A large quantity of this ammunition is still held in stock by licensed vendors for retail sale to licensed owners of firearms. A large amount of shot cartridges are used for destruction of flying-foxes and other vermin. IV. TRADE AND MANUFACTURE OF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS. 1. What steps are being taken to assure the prohibition of abuses of the liquor traffic ? 2. How is the campaign against alcoholism organized ? 3. What are the effects of these measures ? (Statistics relative to the import and to the local manu facture of alcoholic liquors, &c.) 4. What are the countries of origin of alcoholic liquor, other than wine and beer, imported into the Territory ? 5. What measures have been taken to assure the prohibition or regulation of the importation, production, and consumption of dangerous drugs ? 1. The importation and manufacture of all liquor containing more than 3 per cent, of proof spirit is absolutely prohibited by the Samoa Act of 1921, sections 336 to 341, except importation by the Administration for medical, sacramental, or industrial purposes (as provided by section 340). Such importations and the disposal of such liquors so imported are controlled by the Sale of Intoxicating Liquor Regulations, 1920. Sale to both Europeans and Natives is prohibited except when prescribed by a duly qualified Government Medical Officer, and for medicinal purposes only. (See also Board of Health Regulations No. 1.) 2. All liquor on board of visiting ships must be declared in writing on arrival, and at once placed under Customs seal, which must remain unbroken until the ship sails. The police and Customs maintain a watch over every overseas vessel, and ships are frequently searched. The police also take steps to prevent local manufacture.

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3. The following shows the imports of intoxicating liquor during the year for medicinal purposes, also the quantities issued under medical permits, with a comparison of the quantity issued during the year 1925- 26 : —

For sacramental purposes —Wine, 173 gallons. For industrial purposes—rectified spirits of wine, 600 gallons. (Note. —The increased importation of rectified spirits of wine as compared witli last year (176 gallons) is due to the fact that the Apia Hospital is now importing quantities for the purpose of making its own tinctures. In the past these tinctures have been imported already made up.) Convictions for liquor offences during the year totalled twenty-six, as against twenty-five in 1925, fifty in 1924, and eighty in 1923. 4. Whisky, United Kingdom; gin, United.Kingdom and Holland; brandy, France. 5. The New Zealand Opium Act, 1908, and Amendment, 1910, and regulations made thereunder, controlling the importation of opium, heroin, cocaine, and such preparations under license, are in force in Western Samoa. These regulations are in furtherance of the terms of the Opium Convention, and in particular provide for the introduction of the " imports-certificate " system. There is no local production of opium or dangerous drugs in Samoa. All precautions are taken by the police and Customs to prevent illicit traffic in prohibited drugs. With the exception of one reputable chemist, all dispensing and sale is in the hands of Administration doctors. V. LIBERTY OF CONSCIENCE. 1. What measures are- being taken to guarantee liberty of conscience and religion ? 2. What restrictions have been laid down for the maintenance of public order and morality ? 3. Is there free exercise of religious worship and instruction ? 4. If not, what restrictions are there to limit such exercises ? 5. What are the results of such restrictions ? Last year's answers apply. VI.—MILITARY CLAUSES. 1. Are there any fortresses or military or naval bases ? 2. What are the forms of Native military organization and instruction ? 3. Are there any police forces, independent of the military, charged with the defence of the Territory ? What is the respective importance of these two forces, and the amount spent on each ? 4. In what respect is the military organization of the Mandated Territory different from that in force in the neighbouring possessions of the Mandatory Power ? Last year's answers apply. VII. ECONOMIC EQUALITY. 1. What derogations are there to the principle of economic equality as regards (a) concessions, (6) land-tenure, (c) mining rights (in particular prospecting), (d) fiscal regime (direct or indirect taxation), (e) Customs regulations (imports, exports, transit) ? 2. What immigration laws are there ? Last year's answers apply. VIII. EDUCATION. 1. What steps are being taken for the elementary education of the Natives of the Territory (organization and statistics) ? Is this education free to all Natives, and, if not, in what cases is it free ? 2. What steps are being taken to provide for higher education of the Natives, such as medical, veterinary, and technical ? 3. In what languages is' instruction given in the different categories of schools ? 4. Are mission schools compelled to submit to certain conditions ? If so, what ? Last year's answers apply.

46

Quantity imported, Quantity issued, Quantity issued, 1926-27. 1926-27. 1925-26. Gallons. Gallons. Gallons. Whisky.. .. .. .. .. 189§ 513 J 590 Brandy .. .. .. .. 139| 120 99 Gin .. .. .. .. .. 65| 56 44 Port .. .. .. .. .. 153| 134 J 120 Claret .. .. .. .. .. 10 13| 24 Stout .. .. .. .. .. 1,084% 1,022J 548 Ale .. .. .. .. .. 1,3991 1,1931 901 Champagne ........ 2 1 J

A.—4,

IX. PUBLIC HEALTH. 1. What steps are being taken in the Territory to provide for public health, sanitation, and to combat endemic and epidemic diseases ? 2. What provisions are made for medical assistance ? 3. What is the actual situation as regards prostitution, and what steps are being taken injthe matter ? 4. What public-health organization for the investigation, prevention, control, and treatment of diseases exists in the Territory ? 5. What endemic diseases are responsible for the greatest morbidity and mortality in the Territory ? Please supply as complete statistics as possible regarding the morbidity and mortality attributable to such diseases, where possible by months and age and sex. 6. Please indicate the birth-rate, the death-rate from all causes, and the infant-mortality rate for those portions of the Territory, if any, for which such information may be available. 7. Describe the measures in force for the collection of vital statistics in the Territory. 8. Please supply such other information of epidemiological interest concerning the Territory as may be available, with special reference to the incidence of such serious diseases as sleepingsickness, &c., where this information does not come within the scope of question 5 above. Last year's answers apply. X. LAND-TENURE. 1. What system of land-tenure and forest law exists ? How are they legally recognized ? What lands are considered as belonging to the State, and what are regarded as communally owned ? 2. What measures are being adopted for the registration of landed property ? 3. What other regulations for the alienation of land in which Natives or Native communities exercise rights by virtue of heredity or use ? 4. What other measures are being taken to protect the rights and interests of Natives and Native communities in respect to land (usury, forced sale, &c.) ? Last year's answers apply. XI. MORAL, SOCIAL, AND MATERIAL WELFARE. What are, generally speaking, the measures adopted to ensure the moral, social, and material welfare of the Natives ? (Measures to maintain the interests, rights, and customs of the Natives, their participation in Public Service, Native tribunals, &c.) Last year's answers apply, except that the numbers of half-castes and Samoans participating in the Public Service at the 31st March, 1927, were 47 and 576 respectively. XII. PUBLIC FINANCES. The general schedule of receipts from and expenditure on the Territory, Budget system, indication of the nature and assessment of taxes. Last year's answers apply.

XIII. DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS. Births, Deaths, Marriages; Immigration and Emigration. Return showing the Births, Deaths, and Marriages, Immigration and Emigration, for the Year ended 31st December, 1926.

Approximate Cost of Payer.—Preparation., not given ; printing (1,300 copies, including illustrations and maps), £160.

Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 927.

Price, 2s.]

47

Births. Deaths. Marriages. Immigration. Emigration. ~T~ j Native Samoans .. . . .. 1,965 723 270 727 654 Europeans and half-castes .. .. 92 20 15 506 524 Chinese labourers .. . . . . .. 11 .. 180 112 Melanesian labourers Totals .. .. .. 2,057 754 285 1,413 j 1,290

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EDUCATION.

Pupils of Training School, Sapapalii, Savai'i.

A View of recently erected Buildings, Vaipouli District School, Savai'i.

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EDUCATION.

Pupils of Vaipouli School, Savai'i.

Avele School Fetu, on Parade at Vailima during Visit of His Excellency the GovernorGeneral of New Zealand.

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EDUCATION.

View of Apia Technical School.

Apia Technical School, Workshop Room.

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EDUCATION.

Some Pupils of Apia Technical School with their Instructors.

Teachers and Instructors, Refresher Course.

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EDUCATION.

Malifa Boys who have qualified for various Government Positions.

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PUBLIC WORKS.

New Bridge at Lano, Savai'i, constructed with Samoan Timbers.

Redwood Cistern.

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PUBLIC WORKS.

Concrete Cistern in course of Erection at Palealupo.

Concrete Cistern filled from Church Roof.

Concrete Midden at Falelima.

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HEALTH.

A Sample of Latrine built over the Sea.

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RADIO OUTSTATIONS.

Wireless Outstation.

MAP SHOWING ROADS AND NATIVE WATER-SUPPLY

Map No. 1. A — 4

WESTERN SAMOA

Map No. 2. A- 4

WESTERN SAMOA

Map N0.3. A.— 4

POLITICAL MAP OF WESTERN SAMOA SHEWING DISTRICTS REPRESENTED IN THE NATIVE PARLIAMENT (FONO OF FAIPULES)