EDUCATION: TECHNICAL EDUCATION. [In continuation of E.-5, 1925.]

Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1926 Session I, E-05

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1926. NEW ZEALAND

EDUCATION: TECHNICAL EDUCATION. [In continuation of E.-5, 1925.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

CONTEN T S. Page Fage 1. Extract from the Forty-ninth Annual Report 3. Tables relating to Teohnical Instruction— of the Minister of Education (E.-l) .. 2 continued. Classes other than Classes at Technical High Schools .. .. .. .. 14 2. Reports of Superintendent of Technical Education, and of Inspector of Home Soience 5 Students at Teohnical Classes other than Technical High Schools .. .. 15 3. Tables relating to Technical Instruction:— _ ,n, , , Particulars relating to Teohnical Education, Occupations of Students 15 1916-1925 11 Free Pupils 15 Assets and Liabilities .. .. ..11 Teohnical High Schools—Courses, Attendance .. .. .. .. ..16 Receipts and Payments of Controlling Pupils holding Free Places at Technical High Authorities of Technical Classes 12, 13 Sohools .. .. .. ..16

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1. EXTRACT FROM THE FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION. General. Number of Schools. The number of technical high schools open during 1925 was fifteen, in addition to which there were eight organized technical or art schools offering day courses. Technical classes were also conducted in twenty-two manual-training or other centres, the total number of centres being forty-five. Attendance. The total number of students receiving instruction in all technical classes was 18,098, as compared with 19,612 in 1924. The attendance at technical high schools decreased from 5,369 in 1924 to 5,132 in 1925, a decrease of 237, due largely to the epidemic at the beginning of the year. Of the total number of 18,098 students, 4,891 held free places at technical high schools, 5,377 at other technical classes, 182 were attending continuation and technical classes held under the regulations for compulsory classes, and 87 were attending under the regulations relating to the free instruction of discharged soldiers. If is to be noted that the above figures are exclusive of students attending classes at University colleges previously recognized under the Technical Regulations but now included under " higher education." Staffing. At the end of 1925 there were 274 full-time assistant teachers on the staffs of technical schools, besides a large number of part-time teachers. The teachers employed full time were classified as follows, Class VII being the highest:—

Although the number of technical-school teachers remains the same as for last year, the number of Division I men (graduates) has increased from eighty-seven to ninety-four, while the number of women in the higher grades of Division II has also increased considerably.

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Division I. Division II. Class. : i Totals. Men. Women. Men. I Women. I | VII ... .. .. .. 1 .. 5 6 VI ...... 4 3 5 10 22 Vi ...... 18 6 16 20 60 IV .. .. .. 32 11 11 18 72 III ...... 22 9 18 5 54 II .... 11 9 9 7 36 I ...... 7 6 4 7 24 Totals for 1925 .. 94 45 63 72 274 Totals for 1924 .. 87 45 68 74 274

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Classes other than Classes at Technical High Schools. Classes were held at forty-three centres, as compared with fifty-six in the previous year. The decrease was due mainly to the discontinuance of classes at small country centres. The number of individual students was as follows : — 1924. 1925. Classes conducted by Education or High School Boards .. 2,667 1,641 Classes conducted by Technical School Boards or by Managers 10,288 10,708 Classes conducted by University College (Christchurch School of Art) .. .. .. .. .. 1,288 617 Totals .. .. .. .. .. 14,243 12,966 The following are some particulars of the age, sex, and occupations of students :—

Summary of Occupations of Students. 1924. 1925. Number of Percentage Number of Percentage Students. of Total. Students. of Total. Clerical pursuits .. .. .. 2,209 15-51 2,183 16-84 Professional pursuits .. .. 1,187 8-33 858 6-62 Students.. .. .. .. 3,041 21-35 2,494 19-23 Domestic pursuits.. .. .. 1,840 12-92 1,596 12-31 Agricultural pursuits .. .. 290 2-04 204 1-57 Various trades and industries .. 4,908 34-46 5,226 40-31 Other occupations not stated .. 768 5-39 405 3-12 Totals .. .. ..14,243 100-00 12,966 100-00

Number of Students receiving Free Education at Technical Schools other than Technical High Schools.

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Seventeen Years of Over Seventeen Years j T , , Age and Under. of Age. | o a . 1925. ! 1924. 1925. 1924. 1925. 1924. Males .. .. .. .. 3,646 3,813 4,021 4,328 7,667 8,141 Females .. .. .. 2,638 2,871 2,661 3,231 5,299 6,102 Totals .. .. 6,284 6,684 6,682 7,559 12,966 14,243

1925. 1924. Males. Females. ! Totals. Males. Females. Totals. » I , . , ., /First year .. 1,056 756 1,812 1,095 822 1,917 Junior free pupils^ gecond year 792 4,58 1,250 797 525 1,322 ("First year .. 658 447 1,105 638 411 1,049 Senior free pupils <j Second year .. 501 253 754 425 259 684 [_Third year .. 297 159 456 223 148 371 Totals .. .. .. 3,304 2,073 5,377 3,178 2,165 5,343

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Technical High Schools. The number of students in attendance at technical high schools in 1925 was 5,132, compared with 5,369 in the previous year. The numbers of pupils taking the various courses provided were as follows

Number of Pupils receiving Free Education at Technical High Schools under Regulations for Free Places.

Financial. The total amount due by the Department to the controlling authorities for the salaries and incidental expenses of all technical classes, including technical high schools, for the year 1925 was approximately £148,090, made up as follows : — Salaries of full-time teachers and Directors .. .. .. .. 100,158 Capitation for part-time teachers .. .. .. .. .. 19,643 Capitation for student teachers .. .. .. .. .. 1,968 Overtime payments .. .. .. .. .. .. 4,186 Incidental allowances .. .. .. .. .. .. 32,193 158,148 Less recoveries from tuition fees .. .. .. .. 10,058 Total .. .. .. .. .. .. .. £148,090

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1925. 1924. ComCourse. Number of Pupils. Number of Pupils. parison , . v ■ with 1924. Boys, j Girls. Total. Boys. Girls j Total. Commercial .. .. .. 469 1,333 1,802 515 1,255 1,770 + 32 Industrial .. .. .. 1,330 1 1,331 1,349 1,349 — 18 General .. .. .. 606 323 929 720 375 1,095 -166 Domestic .. .. .. .. 744 744 .. 778 778 — 34 Agricultural .. .. .. 280 .. 280 332 .. 332 — 52 Art .. .. .. .. 25 21 46 19 26 45 +1 Totals.. .. .. 2,710 2,422 5,132 2,935 2,434 5,369 -237

1925. 1924. ~ Com- —— parison Boys. Girls. Totals. Boys. Girls. Totals. T . , /"First year .. 1,378 1,226 2,604 1,476 1,202 2,678 - 74 Junior free pupils<J^ gecond year gl5 m l 52Q m 75g 1>65g _ 132 fPirst year .. 298 260 558 285 235 520 + 38 Senior free pupils <j Second year .. 82 66 148 90 89 179 — 31 year .. 27 28 55 36 15 51 +4 Totals.. .. 2,600 2,291 4,891 2,789 2,297 5,086 -195

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2. REPORTS OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, AND OF THE INSPECTOR OF HOME SCIENCE. (ABRIDGED.) Sir, —- Education Department, Wellington, 21st June, 1926. I have the honour to report as follows in regard to certain aspects of technical education in the Dominion during the year 1925 :— Attendance. —The numbers of students in technical classes and pupils in technical high schools and day technical schools were lower than those enrolled in the previous year in the corresponding classes, besides which the total for 1925 is reduced owing to the omission of students in commercial, engineering, and home-science classes in three of the four University colleges, of whom 685 were included last year. The reduction in numbers was due mainly to the epidemic of infantile paralysis, which prevented the schools from opening at the beginning of the year, with the consequence that many who would have become day-pupils went to work. The evening classes were also adversely affected. Staffing. —The staffing of technical schools has improved considerably in recent years, and it has been found necessary to include in the regulations rules limiting the proportions of the more highly qualified full-time teachers who may be employed in any school. The average salary paid during the year 1925 to all assistants, men and women, was £323, as compared with £302 in the previous year. Buildings and Equipment. —The total amount spent on buildings, rent, and equipment by the Boards was £23,074, while £17,644 was the amount of Government grants and subsidies, and £4,569 that of voluntary contributions. There has been a tendency in recent years for schools to provide more liberally for trade classes in which specialized machinery and other equipment are necessary if the instruction is to be closely enough correlated with actual trade conditions. The question as to how far the Department of Education should make itself responsible for such training has not yet been settled. In view of the growing demand for purely trade classes a definite policy must shortly be adopted. Whatever such a policy may be, it should be possible for trade classes to be conducted by some competent authority, in at least some of the trades in which the training of apprentices is supervised by Apprenticeship Committees under the Apprentices Act, 1923. The general equipment of the technical schools for applied science, art, mathematics, engineering, &c., is in most cases suitable only for more or less elementary work up to a standard in these subjects about equal to that of the Matriculation Examination in its subjects. Character and Quality of Instruction. —As at present constituted the technical schools attempt to perform a considerable variety of educational services to students of all ages and of very varied attainments. The main object of the schools is to establish consecutive courses of a more or less directly vocational character in order to prepare young persons for more intelligent and efficient service as members of a trade or profession, and thereby for more complete discharge of their duties as citizens. For this purpose the schools have established both day and evening courses for the main branches of industry in which training is in demand ; the full day courses being pre-vocational, intended mainly to prepare the pupil for apprenticeship, but consisting partly of general cultural subjects and taken usually by first- and second-year pupils of post-primary rank ; while the evening courses are set to supplement the training of the workshop or office and provide the scientific basis on which the practice of workshop or office may be most satisfactorily built. Students coming to evening classes have often only a primary-school Standard IV qualification, and have rarely reached a higher standard than that of the Matriculation Examination or the lower leaving-certificate. Few students attend evening classes for more than five years, even when they come at the age of fourteen years with a low primary-school qualification ; and the average length of attendance is much less than five years. In these circumstances the schools cannot be expected to do more than deal with the elements of the scientific and mathematical principles underlying a particular trade or calling, and more attention is paid to the illustration of these principles in actual practice so as to utilize as directly as possible the real knowledge which the student obtains in the daily practice of his trade or profession. Besides supplying the demand for technical training, the technical schools also do a good deal of what may be called educational patching, through their continuation classes, which are attended to a considerable extent by persons wishing to make good deficiencies of their general education in order to qualify in some cases for the Sixth Standard Certificate of Proficiency, but more often for Matriculation or for entrance into a profession. The schools generally accept also students wishing to obtain a knowledge of some special branch of art or industry for their private enjoyment and not as a means of livelihood. The country technical high school also offers the usual secondary day-school course for Matriculation, since it is usually the only post-primary school in the district. Less than 30 per cent, of technical-high-school pupils, however, attend country schools. In spite of unavoidable difficulties the quality of the instruction is generally good, and the results, without doubt, are of considerable value to the students, and, through their increased efficiency, to industry and to the country as a whole. Courses in Technical High Schools. —In view of the probable recasting of the post-primary-school system, due to modifications of syllabuses, courses, and examinations, and especially to the establishment of junior high schools of one kind or another, it is convenient to examine in some detail the courses of the technical high schools.

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In so doing it is essential to discriminate between the town technical high school, existing alongside of secondary schools, and the country technical high school, which is also largely an ordinary secondary school. For example, the percentages of boys attending who took the various courses in the year 1925 were as follows : —

Table A.

While for girls for the year 1925 the percentages were—

Not only is there a considerable difference in type of instruction between the two groups, but there is also a difference in the average length of stay at school, especially in regard to the general course leading to the Matriculation Examination. The following table shows for the two groups, Group I being the town schools, the average percentages of first-year enrolment remaining respectively in town and country technical high schools during successive years. Each first-year enrolment at each school was counted as 100 in calculating the percentages. The figures are derived from the returns for the years 1921-25 : —

Table B.

Taking five of the larger town schools which have well-defined pre-vocational courses, the average percentages of total enrolment in the various courses for boys for the four years ending 31st December, 1925, and the four years ending 31st December, 1915, are shown in the following table : —

Table C.

Tlie table illustrates how, in these schools, the industrial courses for boys have grown in popularity during the last few years. Out of every 100 entrants in 1915, 36 took the commercial course, while in 1925 only 22 out of 100 took this or a general course, the remainder taking trades or agriculture.

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Courses. ®°y s- Art. Industrial. Agricultural. Commercial. General. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent, of Total. of Total. of Total. of Total. of Total. I Group I, town schools .. .. 1*3 69-0 4-4 19-6 5-7 Group II, country schools .. .. .. 12-4 20-3 13-3 54-0

Courses. 1,11 Domestic. | Commercial. I General. Art. Per Cent. j Per Cent. | Per Cent. Per Cent, of Total. I of Total. j of Total. of Total. Group I, town schools .. .. .. 34-5 62-3 1-8 1-4 Group II, country schools .. .. 23-9 41-7 34-4 t ! ! 1

Course. First Year. Second Year. Third Year. Fourth Year. Fifth Year. Avera^eJStay, Group .. • • • • ■ • I- II* I. j II. I. II. I. 11. I. II. I. II. Agriculture . . .. 100 100 52 63 11 13 2 1 .. .. 1-65 1-77 Commercial—Boys .. 100 100 60 63 16 25 2 7 .. .. 1-78 1-95 Girls . . .. 100 100 64 72 21 27 5 10 1 1-91 2-09 Domestic .. .. .. 100 100 51 61 16 15 4 10 1 1-72 1-86 General—Boys .. .. • • 100 ] 74 .. 40 .. 25 .. 8 .. 2-47 Girls . . . . .. 100 .. 77 .. 45 .. 24 .. 5 .. 2-51 Industrial .. . • • • 100 58 -. 19 .. 4 .. .. .. 1-81

Courses. Industrial and Art. Agriculture. Commercial. I General. Per Cent. Per Cent. Per Cent. ' Per Cent. Enrolled. °|™al EnroUed . ofTotel EuroU(J|J oitTotal BnroUed . otTotal ; ment. ment. ment. ment. Average of four years ending 31st De- 923 70-5 92 7-0 283 21-6 12 0'9 cember, 1925 Average of four years ending 31st De- 262 53-7 50 10-1 177 36-2 eember, 1915 Per cent, increase of enrolment in ten years 252 .. 84 .. 60

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An analysis of the hours per week devoted to the several subjects in the various courses offered in technical high schools reveals that in the larger town centres where the equipment is available the time given to practical work and generally to the more specialized subjects of a course is much greater. This is probably partly due also to the larger numbers in each course permitting of better classification and separation of years and courses for general subjects as well as for the special subjects. The subjoined tables give some indication of the average distribution of the time of the pupils over the various subjects. The first table is a summary of the units (a unit being one hour per week for one year) given in the first two years in the average courses at the two types of technical high school, Group I consisting of the larger town schools. The figures in Tables D to K inclusive give the hours per week or units per year given to the respective subjects.

Table D.

Table E. —Agricultural Course.

Table F.—Art Course.

Table G. —Commercial Course.

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Number in each j Literary Commercial ; Science and I Practical Work, Arts f!nnr«A 100 Girls or Subjects. Units Subjects. Units Mathematics. Units and Crafts. Units 100 Boys who i in First Two in First Two | in First Two in First Two take the Course. Years. Years. Years. j Years. l_ i i | Group .. .. .. .. I. II. I. | II. I. II. I. II. j I. II. Agriculture—Boys .. .. 5-1 20-3 11-2 12-5 3-2 3-3 19-9 j 20-5 15-3 9-2 Art_ Giria}' ' - '' '' 1-0 9 '° 9-2 ' • 33 ' 4 Commercial —Boys .. .. 19'1 13-3 Girls .. .. 62-3 41-7 11-3 18-4 22-0 17-5 10-8 10-0 7-1 3-8 Domestic—Girls .. . . 34-5 23-9 10-3 17-8 0-9 2-6 11-7 16-6 26-8 12-9 :: :: :: 82} 281 »• - {12 f i8-i m* r 20-4 an Industrial—Boys .. .. 68-4 12-4 10-5 5-3* .. .. -( 18-5 E >9-lt -< 20-4 E 9-6+ _ _ 116-3 B J 123-4 B J * M = mechanical engineering ; E = electrical work ; B = carpentry, building, &c. j- First year only.

English. ; Geography. p <*- g ™«« j Fleld . work . Drawing. Woodwork. MetalGroup .. .. i. | ii. i. | ii. | i. ; 11. | r. j ii. i. i ii. i. ii. i. ii. i. it I i. ii. i. ii. First year .. 4-0 4-2 1-0 1-7 .. 1-1 1-5 1-9 3'4 4-6 7-4 50 2-7 1-1 .. 1-2 2-0 2-3 2-2 .. Second and third 3-5 4 1 1-6 0 6 .. 0-8 1-7 1-4 3-1 4-8 60 6-1 2-7 1-2 1-0 1-2 2-1 2-2 2-6 .. years Total units, three 11-0 12-4 4-2 2-9 .. 2-7 4'9 4-7 9-6 14-2 19-4 17-2 8-1 3-5 2-0 3-6 6-2 6-7 7-4 .. years Notes. —One school in Group II adds 11 units of French in the three years. Town schools emphasize metal-work and practical work on plots ; country schools pay more attention to geography and mathematics. In other respects the courses are similar.

English. History, Civics. Arithmetic. Science. DressmaSn<» Art ' First and second year .. 3 1-5 3 | 1-6 1-7 15 I | [ Notes. —This course is given only in two technical high schools. Schools of Art have similar courses, omitting, however, cookery and dressmaking, but including needlecraft for girls and corresponding crafts for boys.

'Arithmetic Science, CorresponEnglish. G ™S,' y | French. I Mathe- ' Hygiene, Shorthand. Typing. <le J^,ok" d ' Drawin 8- Cookel 'y- | inatics. &c. | kpepingi I ! 1 I i i Group .. I. II. j I. | II. | I. I II. | I. II. I. I II. I. | II. J I. II. j I. j II. | I. II. | I. | II. [ I. II. First year.. 2-0 4-1 2-3 3-4 .. 1-9 3 1 2-8 3-0 2-5 3-4 2 0 3-2 2-3 3-9 3-4 1-5 1-3 0-8 0-4 1-1 0-5 Second year 3-1 3-7 3-0 3-5 .. 1-7 3-4 2-6 1-3 2-1 4-7 2-7 3-3 2-7 3-5 3-8 1-5 1-0 0-9 0-6 1-3 .. Third year 4-0 3-3 0-6 3-9 .. 2-1 1-5 1-9 1-2 1-6 4-5 3-3 4-0 3-4 5-9 4-1 1-9 0-8 1-7 0-5 Total units, 10 0 11 1 5-6 10-9 .. 5-7 8-1 7-3; 5-5 6-2 12-6 8-6 9-5 8-4 13-3 11-3 4-9 3-1 3-4 1-5 2-4 0-5 three years Notes. —The table applies to girls only. In schools of both groups boys learn woodwork instead of domestic subjects. In country schools the boys learn shorthand and typing, but in town schools they do not, but give more time to mathematics and science instead. There are few third-year boys, Three of the six country schools give about four hours a week to French.

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Table H. —Domestic Course.

Table J. —General Course.

Table K. —Industrial Course in Schools of Group I.

Notes. —The course is scarcely developed in country schools (Group II) beyond the first year as yet. The course in building does not continue usually beyond the second year even in town schools. In the schools of Group I the course is differentiated as regards certain subjects to provide pre-vocational instruction for building trades and the electrical and mechanical engineering trades, designated by the letters B, E, M respectively in the tables. While the Tables E to K inclusive give the average units of work in the various subjects in the given courses, it must not be inferred that the time-table actually followed in any school coincides closely with the average. There are, indeed, considerable variations from the average both in choice of subjects and in the periods allotted to given subjects. The tables do, however, indicate generally the relative importance attached to the different subjects in the courses. They show very clearly how lack of numbers and equipment causes modifications of the courses in the group of country schools. Regulations, &c - The regulations for manual and technical instruction were revised and consolidated during the year, and brought into force on the Ist February, 1926, after having been submitted to the Boards concerned and to the Technical-school Teachers' Association.

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' English. ™ s t°ry> Ge ?" French Ar i th " I , Bo <*- fScT' Drawing I Needle - Cookery, j 8 Civics. graphy. metlc . | keeping. su |° ce ' " iawln '- J work. Laundry. Group .. .. j i. j li. | i. j ii. i ii. | i. j ii. i. | ii. | i. ii. | i. ii. | i. | ii. J i. n . J i. n. First year .. 4-0 3-8 1-4 1-2 . . 1-2 .. 2-5 2-7 3-1 0-9 1-5 2-6 5-3 4-2 2-5 5-1 1-8 4-0 1 2 1 Second year .. 3-5 4-1 1-4 1-3 .. 1-2 .. 2-5 3-0 3-1 .. M 3-4 5-1 3-7 2-7 6-6' 1-7 3-2 2-0 Total units, first 7-5 7-9 2-8 2-5 .. 2-4 .. 5-0 5-7 6-2 0-9 2-6 6'0 104 7-9 5-2 11-7j 3-5 7-2) 4-1 two years Third year .. 3-0 .. 1-4 2-7 .. 0-6 .. 21 .. 3-6 .. 8-oj .. 2-7 .. Notes. —The course is not sufficiently developed in rural centres to admit- of a third-year class being formed. As in other courses, differentiation is carried much further in the town schools. Three out of five country schools include -ii units of French in each of the first two years.

Group II Schools only. Cookery I Eng.is., g «-.; French. Latin. Set Science, drawing. work. Girls. Boys. First year .. .. 4'4 1-8 1-8 3'7 2-2 2'9 2'2 4'6 1*4 0'5 l l Second year .. .. 4-4 1-6 i 1-7 4-3 2-2 2-5 3-0 5-0 0-7 0-5 0-8 Third year .. .. 4'6 2-1 1-7 4-1 2-2 1-9 4-3 4-0 0-9 Total units, first three years 13-4 5-5 5-2 12 1 6-6 7-3 9-5 13-6 3-0 1-0 1-9 Fourth year .. .. 4-8 1-9 0-6 4-5 2-6 1-3 4-4 4-0 Notes. —This table is based on the returns of seven schools in Group II, including Wanganui Technical School from Group I, since Wanganui Technical School is the only public secondary school for boys in the district. The course is designed to prepare candidates for Public Service Entrance, Senior National Scholarship, Intermediate, and Matriculation Examinations. Four schools include Latin, two others allow it as an option. Group I schools do not offer a general course.

Klstnrv 'Arithmetic Science, Brawini? i Woodwork, — English. Mathe- Heat, Electricity. Mechanics. Pattern- Metal-work. ueography matic8 English. Ueometry. | maklng | Group I. I f 3-0 B 3'6 B First year .. .. 3-8 1-6 4-4 1-5 1-1 0-9 j 4-2 <j 2-2 E 4-6 E 2-2 M 4-6 M f 2-0 B 1-7 B h f 6-7 B 2-2 B Second year .. .. 3-5 1-6 4-7 2-2 M 4-6 E 1-3 E S- 3-7 <[ 1-3 E 4-4 E L2-0M 1-3 M J [_ 1-3 M 4-4 M f 1-5 B 31 B 2-6 B | f 9-7 B 5-8 B Total units, first two years 7-3 3'2 9-1 <[ 1-5 E 5-7 E 2-2 E )> 7-9 <| 3-5 E 9 0 E 3-7 M 3-1 M 2-2 M J [_3-5 M 9'OM Third year .. .. 2-2 0-6 5-0 2-2 M j-3-0 2-6 2-0 {7.0M Group II. First year .. .. 3-7 1-0 4-1 2 0 1-2 1-8 3-0 2-4 4-2

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As an amount of approximately £2,000 per annum was available for improving the conditions of service and the salaries of teachers, the opportunity was taken of introducing some, reforms which have been generally approved by the Boards and staffs. With very few and very insignificant exceptions, the rules and regulations for the general management and conduct of the classes have been faithfully observed by all concerned during the year. I have, &c., W. S. La Tkobe, The Director of Education, Wellington. Superintendent of Technical Education. Sir, — Education Department, Wellington, 2nd June, 1926. I have the honour to present my report on the work of home science in the technical schools, technical high schools, and manual-training centres as observed by me during my visits of inspection for the year 1925. Owing to lost time, due mainly to the epidemic, it was not possible to visit every school or class, and time did not permit of a detailed written report on the work of each teacher visited. Opportunity, however, was always taken to discuss fully with the teachers concerned any problems or difficulties which seemed to call for special consideration. At these informal meetings opinions may be expressed and criticisms made much more forcibly than would be possible in a written report,, and I feel more good can be done by them to improve the efficiency of the teaching. It appears difficult for the Boards to distinguish between a personal report and a testimonial, and it will therefore always be necessary to have such informal talks. In addition to a personal meeting, where possible groups of teachers have met with the Inspector for discussion of general aspects of the work, as ever since my appointment I have been particularly anxious to secure greater co-operation between different branches of the school system as well as between classes in the same branch. A single specialist teacher on a school staff or a manual-training teacher is very isolated, and her work is apt to suffer unless opportunity is made for her to have intercourse with other home-science teachers. The work in home science is somewhat hampered, and in some cases is temporarily stopped, by the shortage of teachers, and until the supply increases and the training of teachers improves the subject is unlikely to improve very rapidly. Technical-high-school Work. —Twelve technical high schools offer a special domestic course of two or more years' duration for girls. The content of the courses varies considerably from place to place; but there seems a tendency to make the course more general in the smaller centres where the technical high school is the only secondary school, whilst in the larger centres the work is often more-specialized, and it seems likely that from these town courses may develop a purely vocational training as well as the general domestic course to fit girls for their everyday life. In all these schools girls attending the commercial or general course take some work in home science in accordance with the regulations for junior-free-place holders. There is a tendency to treat home science as a combination of laboratory work, cookery, and dressmaking, and not to take a sufficiently broad outlook on household management as a whole. This attitude of mind is probably largely due to the fact that the work is taken in three class-rooms —viz., a practical-science laboratory, a kitchen, and a dressmaking-room —and is necessarily not taken in practical relation to the work of a home. No provision is made at present for including teaching in the care of children, although one or two centres have tried it successfully when it has been possible to make arrangements. The provision of more suitable working-facilities based on the home is to be desired. Many of the smaller schools are handicapped in the development of a well-balanced domestic course by the smallness of their classes, which makes it imperative to arrange the work of these domestic girls to fit in with other pupils of the same year. At present lam not satisfied with the standard of the work offered. In the smaller schools there is no traditional course, and the staff are young and constantly changing, so that much time is wasted. In the larger schools the traditional course is one of pure technique, and the educational side of the work has been rather lost sight of in attempting to turn out good seamstresses and cooks. It will be some years before the courses are placed on a definite basis. The proposed inclusion of housecraft and needlework and dressmaking as subjects for Senior National Scholarship, Public Service Entrance, and Intermediate will give a great impetus to the work, and the introduction of a recognized departmental syllabus will also have a guiding influence. Technical Schools. —The technical schools offer special courses in needlework and dressmaking, cookery, and applied art, and also may undertake manual-training classes for primary-school children as well. The courses are usually less general and more vocational than those offered in technical high schools, and in some cases a definite vocational aspect is given to the work, as girls find that their opportunities of employment in dressmaking establishments, &c., are increased if they have a personal recommendation from the technical school. Some of the dressmaking done reaches a high standard. Both types of technical schools offer classes in the evening, and the dressmaking classes are often well attended and deservedly popular. There is a general lack of public interest in cookery, hence there is not much demand for adult cookery classes, and they are only held in a few schools. There are, however, sixteen or seventeen cookery classes specially arranged for nurses, which are useful under present circumstances, but will probably be dropped as the hospitals improve and alter their household arrangements in accordance with more modern ways.

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9

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Manual-training Centres. —There were four new centres opened in 1925, two under the Auckland Education Board, one under the Wellington Education Board, and one under the Nelson Education Board. The different districts give varying amounts of attention to this subject of manual training. In Hawke's Bay, Wanganui, and Otago a large number of Grade 111 schools are not given the chance of attending, possibly on account of difficulties of transport, but the following figures are instructive : — Percentage of Schools above District. Grade II sending Pupils to Classes at Manual-training Centres. Auckland .. .. .. .. .. . . .. 50-6 Taranaki .. .. . . . . .. .. . . 51-0 Wanganui .. .. . . . . .. .. . . 30-2 Hawke's Bay .. .. .. .. .. .. 25-3 Wellington .. .. .. .. . . .. .. 55-4 Nelson . . . . .. .. . . .. 71-7 Canterbury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71-1 Otago .. . . .. .. . . .. .. 32-0 Southland .. .. . . .. .. . . .. 98-7 The work varies very much ; it has been well organized in Auckland and Christchurch, and these districts show how much the work can be improved if there is one woman who works with the supervisor and co-ordinates the work of all the centres in that district. The teachers are now working together with good results in Hawke's Bay, Southland, and Otago. I have not yet seen the effect of the common syllabus in Wellington and Taranaki. In Wanganui and Nelson the centres are so scattered that any collaboration is very difficult. The appointment of a needlework supervisor to work in the Christchurch area of the Canterbury Education Board has proved a great success, and it is to be hoped that this provision may be extended to other districts in the near future. I have, &c., Margaret Dyer, The Director of Education, Wellington. Inspector of Home Science.

10

E.—s.

3. DETAILED TABLES RELATING TO TECHNICAL INSTRUCTION. Table J1. —Some Particulars relating to Technical Education for the Years 1916-1925 (inclusive).

Table J2.—Assets and Liabilities of (a) the Technical Instruction Accounts of Education Boards as Controlling Authorities of Technical Schools and Classes, and (b) Technical School Boards and Managers, as at 31st December, 1925.

11

I 1916. 1917. 1918. 1919 1920. 1921. 1922. 1923. 1924. 1925.* . . —_ Number of centres at which classes 151 154 131 110 121 94 66| 56 57 45 were held Number of technical high schools. . 8 8 8 8 9 13 13 14 14 15 Number of students — (a.) Technical high schools .. 2,105 2,347 2,747 2,926 2,766 3,349 4,202 5,054 5,369 5,132 (b.) Other classes .. .. 17,586 18,40016,910 17,950 18,628 16,832 12,262 13,063 14,243 12,966 Number of free pupils at (a) and (b) 5,975 6,127 6,715 7,242 6,542 6,975 8,384 9,653 10,429 10,268 above Number of students attending 1,219 1,334 1,324 1,372 1,636 1,585 324 269 259 182 under compulsory education £ £ £ £ £ £££££ Total expenditure by Government 84,931100,199 85,335 132,245 169,530 244,627 207,628 177,501 194,494 209,183 for financial year Including— Capitation— (a) Technical high schools 25,934 35,795 33,150 47,343 29,8181 (6.) Other classes .. 38,922 44,02133,119 47,858 31,918 119,289 119,464 126,795 142,173 151,295 (c.) Salaries and allowances, .. .. .. .. 20,589 J &c. Grants for buildings and equipment 6,614 6,898 5,773 13,319 67,217 101,198 66,308: 34,970 31,677 37,892 Subsidies on voluntary contribu- 4,206 2,154 1,673 6,934 5,466 3,991 4,207 2,561 4,152 2,542 tions Conveyance of instructors and 3,386 3,243 3,776 4,467 4,402 5,065 5,550j 6,148 6,074 6,967 students j * Excludea University College classes.

Assets. Liabilities. Net Balances. Controlling Authorities. Cash Limits I - h oth(lp I [Balances and due to Total. Deficits liabilities Total. Cr. Dr | Investments. Board. Deficits. Liabilities.^ ~\ j (a.) Education Boards. £ £££££££ Auckland .. . . .. .. .. 294 294 976 . . 975 .. 681 Taranaki .. .. .. .. 20 .. 20 .. .. .. 20 Wanganui.. .. .. •• •• •• •• 464 .. 464 .. 464 Hawke's Bay .. .. . • 217 287 504 .. 33 33 471 Wellington* Nelson . . . . .. .. 9 21 30 22 22 8 Canterbury .. .. . • 46 .. 46 .. 46 46 Otago Southland.. .. .. .. . • 8 8 .. .. .. 8 Totals .. .. .. 292 610 902 1,439 101 1,540 507 1,145 (6.) Technical School Boards and Managers. Auckland Technical School .. .. 7,276 2,181 9,457 .. 292 292 9,165 " Elam " School of Art .. .. 10 41 51 5 5 46 Pukekohe Technical School .. .. 156 163 319 .. 31 31 288 Hamilton Technical School . . .. 241 607 848 . . 119 119 729 New Plymouth Technical School .. 907 550 1,457 .. 56 56 1,401 Hawera Technical School .. .. 486 269 755 .. 56 56 699 Stratford Technical School .. .. 873 307 1,180 .. .. .. 1,180 Wanganui Technical School .. .. 1,677 2,258 3,935 .. 293 293 3,642 Feilding Technical School .. .. 59 89 148 .. 58 58 90 Napier Technical School .. .. 790 704 1,494 .. 74 74 1,420 Waipawa Technical School .. .. 96 106 202 .. .. .. 202 Wellington Technical School.. .. 2,773 2,187 4,960 .. 100 100 4,860 Petone Technical School . . • • 90 19 109 .. .. . . 109 Masterton Technical School .. .. 1,142 238 1,380 .. .. .. 1,380 Nelson Technical School .. • • 292 277 569 .. .. .. 569 Westport Technical School .. . . 618 190 808 .. 157 157 651 Christchurch Technical School .. 4,805 1,406 6,211 .. 2,951 2,951 3,260 Ashburton Technical School .. .. 816 477 1,293 .. 627 627 666 Timaru Technical School .. •• 706 503 1,209 .. 78 78 1,131 Greymouth Technical School . • 30 446 476 .. 42 42 434 Kaiapoi Technical School . .. 39 48 87 .. .. 87 Temuka Technical School .. .. 112 56 168 .. 102 102 66 Waimate Technical School .. •. • • 37 37 7 7 30 Pleasant Point Technical School .. 24 .. 24 .. .. .. 24 Fairlie Technical School .. • • 36 .. 36 .. .. .. 36 Dunedin Technical School .. •• 421 591 1,012 .. 270 270 742 Oamaru Technical School .. .. 10 28 38 .. .. 38 Milton Technical School .. • • 35 .. 35 .. .. .. 35 InVercargill Technical School .. 1,933 511 2,444 .. 1,299 1,299 1,145 Totals .. .. •• 26,453 14,289 40,742 7 6,610 6,617 34,125 Grand totals .. .. 26,745 14,899 41,644 1,446 6,711 8,157 34,632 1,145 J * Returns not available.

E.—s.

Table J3.—Receipts by Controlling Authorities of Technical Schools and Classes, and by Managers of Technical Schools and Classes (including Technical High Schools), for the Year ending 31st December, 1925.

12

Receipts from Government. Other Receipts. 3 |.s .&■§ | =« "g •= al a * £ _ I -g £ g 5 »■ Controlling Authorities. | eg a a »o | £ | c p -§ o _. .9 5sb «~g§ ~ S-a- ®„ * &3 '?"i § «o •«'■& £ sn." « . -§a a 5.S S "9 § - £ SS « K §=§• g -s | g s| ils -32S § §? «§•§ 1 al i| « i~a -3 S"®® -a s-° o £ m g M H H t> &H a EH H H (a.) Education Boards, High School Boards, and University Colleges. £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ £ Auckland Education Board .. 1,051 5,157 67 34 6,309 245 3 .. 336 .. 584 6,893 Taranaki Education Board . . 35 .. .. .. 35 1 . . .. .. .. 1 36 Palmerston North High School 5,528 456 146 125 6,255 544 146 .. 205 .. 895 7,150 Board Dannevirke High School Board 44 .. 33 .. 77 28 . . .. .. .. 28 105 Hawke's Bay Education Board 4,472 586 76 20 5,154 132 20 .. 125 .. 277 5,431 Wellington Education Board 435 9 11 .. 455 147 18 .. 72 .. 237 692 Nelson Education Board .. .. . . . . .. .. 22 .. .. 34 .. 56 56 Canterbury Education Board 144 21 .. 10 175 43 16 6 65 240 Canterbury College (in respect 3,853 11 107 .. 3,971 740 .. .. 352 .. 1,092 5,063 of School of Art) Gore High School Board .. 77 .. .. 25 102 49 25 .. .. 74 176 Totals .. .. 15,639 6,240 440 214 22,533 1,951 228 .. 1,130 .. 3,309 25,842 (6.) Technical School Boards and Managers. Auckland Technical School .. 17,476 359 600 249 18,684 951 1,408 .. 1,698 .. 4,057 22,741 " Elam" School of Art .. 1,381 115 147 50 1,693 213 25 30 333 .. 601 2,294 Pukekohe Technical School .. 5,070 350 29 3 5,452 82 .. .. 124 206 5,658 Hamilton Technical School .. 4,766 137 .. 125 5,028 228 268 129 105 .. 730 5,758 New Plymouth Technical School 4,540 93 96 .. 4,729 110 20 171 232 .. 533 5,262 Hawera Technical School .. 3,750 109 59 .. 3,918 18 46 .. 162 .. 226 4,144 Stratford Technical School .. 5,469 29 32 .. 5,530 43 232 90 82 447 5,977 Wanganui Technical School .. 10,222 338 200 .. 10,760 497 101 150 4,607 .. 5,355 16,115 Feilding Technical School .. 3,604 650 45 25 4,324 100 96 29 32 257 4,581 Napier Technical School .. 5,764 252 225 17 6,258 246 39 .. 448 .. 733 6,991 Waipawa Technical School -. 16 .. . . . . 16 14 j . . .. .. 14 30 Wellington Technical School . . 15,036 1,663 446 .. 17,145 2,028 350 .. 1,839 135 4,352 21,497 Petone Technical School .. 336 134 25 66 561 170 77 99 12 10 368 929 Masterton Technical School .. 2,807 28 72 10 2,917 144 350 .. 120 .. 614 3,531 Nelson Technical School .. 3,257 1 102 .. 3,360 109 50 96 152 .. 407 3,767 Westport Technical School .. 4,265 172 .. 88 4,525 70 18 56 105 .. 249 4,774 Christchurch Technical School 17,615 854 700 752 19,921 1,005 550 .. 4,058 54 5,667 25,588 Ashburton Technical School .. 4,054 107 75 .. 4,236 101 90 196 132 .. 519 4,755 Timaru Technical School .. 2,682 89 89 .. 2,860 223 59 .. 146 .. 428 3,288 Greymouth Technical School.. 4,772 280 122 317 5,491 128 97 106 308 .. 639 6,130 Kaiapoi Technical School .. 52 .. .. .. 52 23 29 9 61 113 Temuka Technical School .. 76 .. .. 52 128 42 34 25 32 133 261 Waimate Technical School .. 2 .. . . 14 16 50 43 42 135 151 Pleasant Point Technical School .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.. 6.. 9 9 Fairlie Technical School .... .. 3 .. 3 14 24 7 45 48 Dunedin Technical School .. 10,239 2,044 379 .. 12,662 1,109 167 .. 834 .. 2,110 14,772 Oamaru Technical School .. 131 9 .. 19 159 78 61 .. .. .. 139 298 Milton Technical School .. .. .. .. .. , Invercargill Technical School.. 9,786 1,466 198 124 11,574 159 104 .. 2,828 .. 3,091 14,665 Totals .. .. 137,168 9,279 3,644 1,911 152,002 7,955 4,341 1,177 18,453 199 32,125 184,127 Grand totals .. 152,807 15,519 4,084 2,125 174,535 9,906 4,569 1,177 19,583 .199 35,434 209,969

E.—s.

Table J4.—Payments by Controlling Authorities of Technical Schools and Classes, and by Managers of Technical Schools and Classes (including Technical High Schools), for the Year ending 31st December, 1925.

13

T3 fl P< fl W orking-expcnses. ;§ "3 If "41 - 1 s r Ti"T" S| I i i a* 3i © 5 © a £ § 3 §D $ 3 n g Controlling Authorities. | u w,. ax o- ® **«' § ?I ih i J. !< n 5| II -i iii i i! & p III 1 H P I 55 i Is si a J II 1 « OS O 55 OH H (a.) Education Boards, High School Boards, and University Colleges. £ £ £ £ £££££ £ £££ Auckland Education Board .. 881 .. .. 8 3 35 232 278 4,422 .. .. 5,581 Taranaki Education Board .. 24 . . .. 2 .. .. .. .. 2 .... .. 26 Palmers ton North High School 5,084 200 45 380 163 112 150 118 1,168 541 .. .. 6,793 Board Dannevirke High School Board .. 114 .. .. 11 . . .. 5 1 17 ■ . . • • . 131 Hawke's Bay Education Board .. 3,690 245 60 121 173 71 41 150 861 812 32 .. 5,395 Wellington Education Board .. 415 50 3 62 3 5 8 6 137 18 .. 138 708 Nelson Education Board .. .. .. .. 27 .. .. 5 1 3$ .. .. • . 33 Canterbury Education Board .. 172 .. 6 5 . . . ■ 15 26 20 . . 218 Canterbury College (in respect of 3,842 274 .. 116 295 39 156 131 1,011 39 59 100 5,051 School of Art) Gore High School Board .. 78 32 .. .. . . . . . . 12 44 .. .. .. 122 Totals .. .. 14,300 801 114 732 634 230 400 666 3,577 5,852 91 238 24,058 (b.) Technical School Boards and Managers. Auckland Technical School .. 14,663 580 238 1,862 487 178 303 325 3,973 2,138 90 3 20,867 " Elam" School of Art .. 1,557 274 53 119 .. 38 56 11 551 71 145 .. 2,324 Pukekohe Technical School .. 4,167 95 56 256 245 89 58 173 972 372 70 .. 5,581 Hamilton Technical School .. 4,278 13 48 258 102 91 27 19 558 220 68 393 5,517 New Plymouth Technical School 3,887 206 61 412 160 130 32 106 1,107 183 157 .. 5,334 Hawera Technical School .. 2,863 69 302 71 260 2 74 46 824 166 250 .. 4,103 Stratford Technical School .. 4,330 41 72 76 292 104 42 36 663 959 56 .. 6,008 Wanganui Technical School .. 8,452 276 259 716 308 318 100 159 2,136 468 4,027 .. 15,083 Feilding Technical School .. 2,961 44 47 104 265 12 87 206 765 645 179 .. 4,550 Napier Technical School Tf •• 4,692 229 39 340 137 215 111 145 1,216 320 358 .. 6,586 Waipawa Technical School .. 98 11 .. 1 . . .. 3 5 20 .. .. . . 118 Wellington Technical School .. 13,088 742 239 871 579 141 345 366 3,283 4,272 1,624 40 22,307 Petone Technical School .. 698 15 28 41 107 14 54 7 266 133 .. .. 1,097 Masterton Technical School .. 2,377 52 64 232 86 41 92 106 673 412 .. .. 3,462 Nelson Technical School « I T .. 2,820 200 69 253 104 24 45 17 712 128 69 .. 3,729 Westport Technical School' ' .. 3,360 104 63 198 166 27 96 212 866 328 .. .. 4,554 Christchurch Technical School .. 14,874 807 217 1,160 1,001 1,786 303 515 5,789 473 3,950 .. 25,086 Ashburton Technical School .. 3,103 104 44 277 219 154 52 51 901 474 98 .. 4,576 Timaru Technical School .. 2,491 100 48 213 102 95 78 42 678 234 38 .. 3,441 Greymouth Technical School .. 4,199 131 39 243 182 33 46 223 897 948 164 .. 6,208 Kaiapoi Technical School .. 56 25 1 9 9 1 7 10 62 .. .. .. 118 Temuka Technical School .. 61 65 10 56 34 3 3 171 .. .. . . 232 Waimate Technical School .. 85 30 4 66 12 3 11 5 131 .. .. .. 216 Pleasant Point Technical School .. . . 2 .. 10 .. •. 12 . . .. .. 12 Fairlie Technical School .. 22 3 7 1 3 2 16 13 .. 51 Dunedin Technical School .. 9,292 553 140 857 561 281 224 235 2,851 1,595 415 .. 14,153 Oamaru Technical School .. 161 75 4 .. 7 1 10 97 38 .. 296 Milton Technical School .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. 2 Invercargill Technical School .. 7,673 388 176 494 381 219 190 141 1,989 2,632 782 .. 13,076 Totals .. .. 116,308 5,229 2,328 9,185 5,823 3,998 2,442 3,176 32,181 17,222 12,540 436 178,687 Grand totals .. 130,608 6,030 2,442 9,917 6,457 4,228 2,842 3,842 35,758 23,074 12,631 674 202,745

E.—s.

Table J5.—Number of Pupils attending Classes other than Classes at Technical High Schools during the Year ended 31st December, 1925.

14

Number of Students. Controlling Authorities, Technical School Boards, and Managers. Free Discharged [Compulsory Other Tnt ., Pupils. Soldiers. | Pupils. Pupils. totals. 1 I Auckland Education Board— Auckland Technical School* .. .. .. .. 591 1 .. 685 1,277 " Elam " School of Art* .. .. .. .. 38 .. .. 215 253 Pukekohe Technical School* .. .. .... .. .. .. 62 62 Hamilton Technical School* .. .. .. .. 87 3 .. 164 254 Other classes, Auckland District .. .. .. .. 92 .. .. 237 329 Taranaki Education Board — New Plymouth Technical School* .. .. .. 221 1 63 124 409 Stratford Technical School* .. .. .. .. 18 .. .. 23 41 Wanganui Education Board — Wanganui Technical School* .. .. .. .. 78 4 22 255 359 Eeilding Technical School* .. .. .. .. 46 .. .. 80 126 Palmerston North High School Board — Palmerston North Technical School .. .. .. 491 .. .. 339 830 Hawke's Bay Education Board — Napier Technical School* .. .. .. .. 92 2 2 159 255 Waipawa Technical School* .. .. .. .. .. 4 .. 8 12 Gisborne technical classes .. .. .. .. 45 1 .. 56 102 Dannevirke High School Board— Dannevirke Technical School .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 10 Wellington Education Board— Wellington Technical School* .. .. .. .. 643 .. .. 1,016 1,659 Petone Technical School* .. .. .. .. 86 .. .. 141 227 Other classes, Wellington District .. .. .. 58 .. .. 68 126 Managers, Masterton Technical School — Masterton Technical School* .. .. .. .. 198 .. .. 195 393 Nelson Education Board— Nelson Technical School* .. .. .. .. 182 .. .. 198 380 Westport Technical School* .. .. .. .. 51 10 .. 86 147 Other classes, Nelson District .. .. .. .. 9 .. .. 60 69 Canterbury College Board of Governors — School of Art .. .. .. .. .. .. 217 3 65 332 617 Canterbury Education Board — Christchurch Technical School* .. .. .. .. 753 47 .. 1,214 2,014 Ashburton Technical School* .. .. .. .. 231 .. 30 63 324 Greymouth Technical School* .. .. .. .. 31 .. .. 70 101 Timaru Technical School* .. .. .. .. 222 .. .. 224 446 Kaiapoi Technical School* .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 50 50 Temuka technical classes* .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 92 92 ' Waimate technical classes* .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 56 56 Ellesmere technical classes .. .. .. .. .. • • I • • 115 115 Otago Education Board— Dunedin Technical School* .. .. .. .. 537 .. | .. 663 1,200 Oamaru Technical School* .. .. .. .. 32 .. .. 58 90 Southland Education Board— Invercargill Technical School* .. .. .. .. 318 11 .. 152 481 Gore High School Board — Gore Technical School .. .. .. .. .. 10 .. .. 50 60 Totals for 1925 .. .. .. .. 5,377 87 ! 182 7,320 12,966 Totals for I924f .. .. .. .. 5,343 104 289 8,507 14,243 * Schools or classes under the immediate control of Managers. f Includes classes from Auckland University, Canterbury College, and Otago University (685 students).

E.—s.

Table J6.—Number of Students, according to Ages, admitted to Classes other than Classes at Technical High Schools during the Year ended 31st December, 1925.

Table J7.— Occupations of Students in Attendance at Technical Classes other than Classes at Technical High Schools during the Year ended 31st December, 1925.

Table JB. —Number of Pupils holding Government Free Places at Technical Classes other than Classes at Technical High Schools during the Year ended 3st December, 1925.

15

Students admitted during 1925 who Education District. 13 U YeaL 13-15 Years ' 15-17 Year8 ' 0ver 17 Year8 ' Totals ' durfngwt? 00 ' (included in Foregoing Totals). M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Auckland .. 3 5 130 89 476 221 813 438 1,422 753 176 84 Taranaki ..4 3 59 83 72 94 93 42 228 222 50 66Wanganui .... 2 44 76 158 205 386 444 588 727 92 123 Hawke's Bay .... 1 26 13 75 32 134 98 235 144 37 16 Wellington .. 6 27 149 100 568 227 946 382 1,669 736 105 64 Nelson .. 9 10 44 75 84 78 137 159 274 322 41 34 Canterbury .. 101 128 346 380 660 429 957 814 2,064 1,751 289 249 Otago .. ..16 5 134 78 341 137 414 165 905 385 114 49 Southland .. 1 42 46 98 94 141 119 282 259 36 39 Totals for 1925 .. 140 181 974 940 2,532 1,517 4,021 2,661 7,667 5,299 940 724 Totals for 1924 .. 218 203 1,036 929 2,559 1,739 4,328 3,231 8,141 6,102 1,024 850

a B I § $ ; 1 Occupations. | a a - 0 § a g Totals. 1 s s? | I I i a S I s telfe2§ 2 o | ■« H W W P fc O ! O M Agricultural pursuits .. .. .. 13 5 26 2 19 17 112 7 3 204 Professional pursuits .. .. .. 178 12 66 36 175 38 254 55 44 858 Clerical pursuits .. .. .. 319 82 212 83 716 38 407 232 94 2,183 Domestic pursuits .. .. .. 230 14 256 52 214 227 366 118 119 1,596 Students .. .. .. .. 119 254 310 9 232 85 1,341 91 53 2,494 Employees in shops or warehouses .. 155 16 105 42 154 42 277 85 52 928 Dressmakers, milliners, &c. .. 36 16 2 16 3 43 5 4 125 Tailors and tailoresses .. .. .. 9 5 3 19 24 17 1 78 Engineers and mechanics .. .. 247 13 44 21 131 25 146 101 29 757 Electricians .. .. .. .. 79 5 64 14 145 13 58 36 14 428 Plumbers, metal-workers, &c. .. .. 238 3 52 49 194 32 160 91 28 847 Woodworkers .. .. .. .. 191 20 48 14 177 10 251 87 29 827 Painters and plasterers .. .. 34 2 18 5 39 2 28 21 6 155 Printers, &c. .. .. .. .. 12 1 7 5 14 1 59 22 4 125 Skilled labourers, &c. .. .. .. 7 14 1 9 6 1 14 52 Labourers .. .. ,. .. 7 .. 4 8 4 58 8 6 95 Seamen .. .. .. .. . • .. 1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Engaged in other various trades and industries 135 2 27 15 68 38 108 123 4 520 Engaged in various public services .. 33. 3 31 16 48 15 100 25 17 288 Occupations not stated .. .. .. 133 18 13 6 27 6 17 165 20 405 Totals for 1925 .. .. 2,175 450 1,315 379 2,405 596 3,815 1,290 541 12,966 Totals for 1924 .. .. 2,652 391 1,454 374 2,205 685 4,314 1,572 596 14,243

Education District. Jr. 1st. Jr. 2nd and 3rd. Sr. 1st. Sr. 2nd. Sr. 3rd and 4th. Totals. i.' 1 ,* 11 , 1 ' Totals. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Auckland .. .. 197 97 122 49 107 52 105 20 48 11 579 229 808 Taranaki .. 50 67 32 30 15 22 10 4 4 5 111 128 239 Wanganui .. .. 90 130 62 75 50 86 41 35 19 27 262 353 615 Hawke's Bay 39 16 23 8 16 11 11 5 6 2 95 42 137 Wellington .. ..163 76 133 79 149 70 142 53 98 22 685 300 985 Nelson .. .. 40 43 36 33 17 18 13 18 9 15 115 127 242 Canterbury .. .. 301 227 231 120 181 124 97 67 61 45 871 583 1,454 Otago .. 137 51 104 37 90 26 63 25 28 8 422 147 569 Southland .. .. 39 49 49 27 33 38 19 26 24 24 164 164 328 Totals for 1925 .. 1,056 756 792 458 658 447 501 253 297 159 3,304 2,073 5,377 Totals for 1924 .. 1,095 822 797 525 638 411 425 259 223 148 3,178 2,165 5,343

E.—s.

Table J9.—Technical High Schools: Courses taken by Students during the Year 1925.

Table J10.-Number of Pupils holding Government Free Places at Technical High Schools during the Year ended 31st December, 1925.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given; printing (1,000 copies), £26.

By Authority : W. A. G. Skinner, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 926.

Price 6d.]

16

School. Industrial. Agricultural. Domestic. Commercial. General. ' Art. Totals. Totals M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. ' M. F. M. F. Auckland .. 259 .. 18 .. .. 100 67 215 90 19 .. .. 434 334 768 Pukekohe .. 16 .. 19 .. .. 27 13 39 70 47 .. .. 118 113 231 Hamilton .. 77 1 32 11 81 7 5 95 119 214 Hawera .. .. 17 6 7 28 47 34 46 85 100 185 Stratford 78 .. .. 59 25 43 44 34 .. .. 147 136 283 Wanganui .. 38 .. 39 .. .. 46 14 68 154 33 .. .. 245 147 392 Feilding .. 38 .. .. 46 1 34 47 86 80 166 Napier .. .. 50 .. 21 .... 20 25 63 4 3 5 .. 105 86 191 Hastings .. 9 .. .. 10 17 46 76 46 .. .. 102 102 204 Wellington .. 260 65 53 188 .. .. 19 15 332 268 600 Westport.. .. 16 17 41 27 35 .. .. 60 76 136 Christchurch .. 319 .. 35 .. . . 148 81 193 435 341 776 Greymouth .. 30 11 10 40 53 55 .. .. 93 106 199 Dunedin.. .. Ill .. 4 .. .. 78 50 140 .. .. 1 6 166 224 390 Invercargill .. 137 .. 13 .. .. 95 57 95 207 190 397 Totals for 1925 1,330 1 280 .. .. 744 469 1,333 606 323 25 21 2,710 2,422 5,132 Totals for 1924 1,349 ..332 .. ..778 515 1,255 720 375 19 I 26 2,935 2,434 5,369

Juniors. Seniors. School. Totals. First Year. Second Year. First Year. Second Year. Third Year. , . M. F. M. P. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. Auckland .. .. 255 208 125 92 41 25 4 2 .. 425 327 752 Pukekohe .. 55 49 33 24 16 14 6 4 3 2 113 93 206 Hamilton .. .. 57 66 26 30 7 12 4 3 .. 94 I 111 205 Hawera .. 43 43 26 30 7 13 5 10 3 81 99 180 Stratford .. .. 59 65 43 32 28 28 10 4 .. 140 129 269 Wanganui .. 100 60 78 47 32 16 15 7 7 1 232 131 363 Feilding .. 29 29 32 33 11 8 7 5 3 82 75 157 Napier .. 44 36 41 23 11 7 4 1 1 1 101 68 169 Hastings .. 43 46 27 31 22 15 3 7 3 1 98 100 198 Wellington .. 192 154 92 84 27 18 2 4 .. 313 260 573 Westport .. 22 24 26 28 9 16 2 7 1 59 76 135 Christchurch .. 231 177 127 101 43 45 11 5 3 3 415 331 746 Greymouth .. 40 46 20 25 20 15 4 3 7 11 91 100 191 Dunedin .. 105 124 39 70 10 14 2 2 .. 156 210 366 Inverckrgill .. ..103 99 80 61 14 14 3 2 5 200 181 381 Totals for 1925 .. 1,378 1,226 815 711 298 260 82 66 27 28 2,600 2,291 4,891 . 5 Totals for 1924 .. 1,476 1,202 902 756 285 235 90 89 36 15 2,789 2,297 5,086